Antifibrinolytic Agents
Postoperative Hemorrhage
Aprotinin
Aminocaproic Acid
Blood Transfusion
Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids
Hemostatics
Aminocaproates
Oral Hemorrhage
Mefenamic Acid
Endometrial Ablation Techniques
Intraoperative Care
Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Fibrinolysin
Double-Blind Method
Cerebral Hemorrhage, Traumatic
Blood Transfusion, Autologous
Treatment Outcome
Hemoglobins
Erythrocyte Transfusion
Encyclopedias as Topic
Angioedemas, Hereditary
Angioedema
Familial anglo-oedema--a particularly severe form. (1/206)
A case of hereditary angio-oedema is described together with the family history and manifestations in the father of the patient. The problems encountered in his management are discussed, including tracheostomy and genetic counselling. (+info)Tranexamic acid increases peritoneal ultrafiltration volume in patients on CAPD. (2/206)
OBJECTIVE: The preservation of ultrafiltration (UF) capacity is crucial to maintaining long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the antiplasmin agent tranexamic acid (TNA) increases UF volume in CAPD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients on CAPD, 5 with UF loss and 10 without UF loss, were recruited for the study. The effect of TNA was evaluated with respect to changes in UF volume, peritoneal permeability, peritoneal clearance, bradykinin (BK), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) concentration. SETTING: Dialysis unit of the Saiseikai Central Hospital. RESULTS: In patients with UF loss, 2 weeks of treatment with oral TNA produced a significant increase in UF volume in all subjects (5/5).TNA also produced a significant increase in peritoneal clearances of urea and creatinine (Cr). However, the peritoneal equilibration test (PET) revealed that TNA had no effect on dialysate/plasma (D/P) Cr, Kt/V, or the protein catabolic rate (PCR).TNA also had no effect on net glucose reabsorption. In contrast, significant decreases in BK and blood tPA concentrations in response to TNA treatment were noted. BK concentration in drainage fluid was also reduced. In the case of patients without UF loss,TNA produced an increase in UF volume in 70% (7/10). However, no differences were found in blood and drainage BK and tPA concentrations between theTNA treatment and nontreatment periods in these patients. A comparison of basal BK and tPA concentration showed that there were no differences in these parameters between patients with UF loss and those without loss of UF. Furthermore,TNA given intraperitoneally to a patient also produced a marked increase in UF volume. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests thatTNA enhances UF volume in patients both with and without UF loss. SinceTNA did not affect peritoneal permeability and glucose reabsorption, the mechanism by which TNA exerts an enhancing action on UF is largely unknown. We speculate that it may be associated with suppression of the BK and/or tPA system, at least in patients with UF loss. (+info)Effect of tranexamic acid and delta-aminovaleric acid on lipoprotein(a) metabolism in transgenic mice. (3/206)
The assembly of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a two-step process which involves the interaction of kringle-4 (K-IV) domains in apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) with Lys groups in apoB-100. Lys analogues such as tranexamic acid (TXA) or delta-aminovaleric acid (delta-AVA) proved to prevent the Lp(a) assembly in vitro. In order to study the in vivo effect of Lys analogues, transgenic apo(a) or Lp(a) mice were treated with TXA or delta-AVA and plasma levels of free and low density lipoprotein bound apo(a) were measured. In parallel experiments, McA-RH 7777 cells, stably transfected with apo(a), were also treated with these substances and apo(a) secretion was followed. Treatment of transgenic mice with Lys analogues caused a doubling of plasma Lp(a) levels, while the ratio of free:apoB-100 bound apo(a) remained unchanged. In transgenic apo(a) mice a 1. 5-fold increase in plasma apo(a) levels was noticed. TXA significantly increased Lp(a) half-life from 6 h to 8 h. Incubation of McA-RH 7777 cells with Lys analogues resulted in an up to 1. 4-fold increase in apo(a) in the medium. The amount of intracellular low molecular weight apo(a) precursor remained unchanged. We hypothesize that Lys analogues increase plasma Lp(a) levels by increasing the dissociation of cell bound apo(a) in combination with reducing Lp(a) catabolism. (+info)Randomised controlled trial of educational package on management of menorrhagia in primary care: the Anglia menorrhagia education study. (4/206)
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an educational package could influence the management of menorrhagia, increase the appropriateness of choice of non-hormonal treatment, and reduce referral rates from primary to secondary care. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: General practices in East Anglia. SUBJECTS: 100 practices (348 doctors) in primary care were recruited and randomised to intervention (54) and control (46). INTERVENTIONS: An educational package based on principles of "academic detailing" with independent academics was given in small practice based interactive groups with a visual presentation, a printed evidence based summary, a graphic management flow chart, and a follow up meeting at 6 months. OUTCOME MEASURES: All practices recorded consultation details, treatments offered, and outcomes for women with regular heavy menstrual loss (menorrhagia) over 1 year. RESULTS: 1001 consultation data sheets for menorrhagia were returned. There were significantly fewer referrals (20% v 29%; odds ratio 0. 64; 95% confidence interval 0.41 to 0.99) and a significantly higher use of tranexamic acid (odds ratio 2.38; 1.61 to 3.49) in the intervention group but no overall difference in norethisterone treatment compared with controls. There were more referrals when tranexamic acid was given with norethisterone than when it was given alone. Those practices reporting fewer than 10 cases showed the highest increase in prescribing of tranexamic acid. CONCLUSIONS: The educational package positively influenced referral for menorrhagia and treatment with appropriate non-hormonal drugs. (+info)Use of tranexamic acid for an effective blood conservation strategy after total knee arthroplasty. (5/206)
We have investigated the effect of treatment with tranexamic acid, an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, on blood loss, blood transfusion requirements and blood coagulation in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 42 patients after total knee arthroplasty. Tranexamic acid 15 mg kg-1 (n = 21) or an equivalent volume of normal saline (n = 21) was given 30 min before surgery and subsequently every 8 h for 3 days. Coagulation and fibrinolysis values, blood loss and blood units administered were measured before administration of tranexamic acid, 8 h after the end of surgery and at 24 and 72 h after operation. Coagulation profile was examined (bleeding time, platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), plasminogen, beta-thromboglobulin and fibrinogen). Fibrinolysis was evaluated by measurement of concentrations of D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP). Total blood loss in the tranexamic acid group was 678 (SD 352) ml compared with 1419 (607) ml in the control group (P < 0.001), and occurred primarily during the first 24 h after surgery. Thirteen patients received 1-5 u. of packed red blood cells in the control group compared with two patients in the tranexamic acid group, who received 3 u. (P < 0.001). Postoperative packed cell volume values were higher in the tranexamic acid group despite fewer blood transfusions. Postoperative concentrations of plasminogen were decreased significantly in the tranexamic acid group (P < 0.001). Platelet count, PT, aPTT, bleeding time, beta-thromboglobulin, fibrinogen and FDP concentrations did not differ between groups, but D-dimer concentrations were increased in the control group. Thromboembolic complications occurred in two patients in the control group compared with none in the tranexamic acid group. (+info)Comparison of blood-conservation strategies in cardiac surgery patients at high risk for bleeding. (6/206)
BACKGROUND: Aprotinin and tranexamic acid are routinely used to reduce bleeding in cardiac surgery. There is a large difference in agent price and perhaps in efficacy. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, partially blinded study, 168 cardiac surgery patients at high risk for bleeding received either a full-dose aprotinin infusion, tranexamic acid (10-mg/kg load, 1-mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) infusion), tranexamic acid with pre-cardiopulmonary bypass autologous whole-blood collection (12.5% blood volume) and reinfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass (combined therapy), or saline infusion (placebo group). RESULTS: There were complete data in 160 patients. The aprotinin (n = 40) and combined therapy (n = 32) groups (data are median [range]) had similar reductions in blood loss in the first 4 h in the intensive care unit (225 [40-761] and 163 [25-760] ml, respectively; P = 0.014), erythrocyte transfusion requirements in the first 24 h in the intensive care unit (0 [0-3] and 0 [0-3] U, respectively; P = 0.004), and durations of time from end of cardiopulmonary bypass to discharge from the operating room (92 [57-215] and 94 [37, 186] min, respectively; P = 0.01) compared with the placebo group (n = 43). Ten patients in the combined therapy group (30.3%) required transfusion of the autologous blood during cardiopulmonary bypass for anemia. CONCLUSIONS: The combination therapy of tranexamic acid and intraoperative autologous blood collection provided similar reduction in blood loss and transfusion requirements as aprotinin. Cost analyses revealed that combined therapy and tranexamic acid therapy were the least costly therapies. (+info)Inhibition of the development of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum by omega-aminocarboxylic acids. (7/206)
Four omega-aminocarboxylic acids - epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA), p-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA) and omega-aminocaprylic acid (OACA) -- prevented fruiting body formation of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. At concentrations of 40 mM, 75 mM, 10 mM and 5 mM, respectively, they allowed aggregation but prevented all further development at 24 degrees C. At lower concentrations, EACA allowed fruiting body formation but with a reduced number of spores per fruiting body. Only t-AMCHA had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of myxamoebae. EACA affected development only if it was present between 8 and 16 h after the cells were deposited on the filters. Its effect was enhanced by high salt concentrations and by higher temperature, and was also dependent on the manner in which the cells were grown. Only strains capable of axenic growth displayed this sensitivity to EACA, although strains carrying only one of the genetic markers for axenic growth (axe A) were partially sensitive. (+info)Cetraxate, a mucosal protective agent, combined with omeprazole, amoxycillin, and clarithromycin increases the eradication rate of helicobacter pylori in smokers. (8/206)
BACKGROUND: Our previous study demonstrated that Helicobacter pylori eradication was less effective in smokers than in non-smokers. Cetraxate is an anti-ulcer drug that increases gastric mucosal blood flow. AIM: To evaluate the effect of cetraxate combined with new triple therapy for the eradication of H. pylori in smokers. METHODS: This study had a single-centre, double-blind, randomized non-placebo design. A total of 106 consecutive H. pylori-positive smoking patients were randomly allocated to one of two regimens: one group received omeprazole (20 mg), amoxycillin (1500 mg), and clarithromycin (600 mg) for 7 days (OAC, n=55). The other group recieved OAC plus cetraxate (600 mg) for 7 days (OAC + CET, n=51). The success of H. pylori eradication was evaluated by histology and the 13C-urea breath test at 4 weeks after completion of treatment. RESULTS: By intention-to-treat analysis, the H. pylori eradication rate was 55% in the OAC group and 92% in the OAC + CET group (P<0.01). By per protocol analysis, the H. pylori eradication rate was 58% in the OAC group and 94% in the OAC + CET group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Cetraxate combined with new triple therapy increases the eradication of H. pylori in smokers. (+info)Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic medication that is used to reduce or prevent bleeding. It works by inhibiting the activation of plasminogen to plasmin, which is a protease that degrades fibrin clots. By preventing the breakdown of blood clots, tranexamic acid helps to reduce bleeding and promote clot formation.
Tranexamic acid is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and injectable solutions. It is used in a variety of clinical settings, such as surgery, trauma, and heavy menstrual bleeding. The medication can be taken orally or administered intravenously, depending on the severity of the bleeding and the patient's medical condition.
Common side effects of tranexamic acid include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache. Less commonly, the medication may cause allergic reactions, visual disturbances, or seizures. It is important to follow the prescribing physician's instructions carefully when taking tranexamic acid to minimize the risk of side effects and ensure its safe and effective use.
Antifibrinolytic agents are a class of medications that inhibit the breakdown of blood clots. They work by blocking the action of enzymes called plasminogen activators, which convert plasminogen to plasmin, the main enzyme responsible for breaking down fibrin, a protein that forms the framework of a blood clot.
By preventing the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, antifibrinolytic agents help to stabilize existing blood clots and prevent their premature dissolution. These medications are often used in clinical settings where excessive bleeding is a concern, such as during or after surgery, childbirth, or trauma.
Examples of antifibrinolytic agents include tranexamic acid, aminocaproic acid, and epsilon-aminocaproic acid. While these medications can be effective in reducing bleeding, they also carry the risk of thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, due to their pro-coagulant effects. Therefore, they should be used with caution and only under the close supervision of a healthcare provider.
Surgical blood loss is the amount of blood that is lost during a surgical procedure. It can occur through various routes such as incisions, punctures or during the removal of organs or tissues. The amount of blood loss can vary widely depending on the type and complexity of the surgery being performed.
Surgical blood loss can be classified into three categories:
1. Insensible losses: These are small amounts of blood that are lost through the skin, respiratory tract, or gastrointestinal tract during surgery. They are not usually significant enough to cause any clinical effects.
2. Visible losses: These are larger amounts of blood that can be seen and measured directly during surgery. They may require transfusion or other interventions to prevent hypovolemia (low blood volume) and its complications.
3. Hidden losses: These are internal bleeding that cannot be easily seen or measured during surgery. They can occur in the abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal space, or other areas of the body. They may require further exploration or imaging studies to diagnose and manage.
Surgical blood loss can lead to several complications such as hypovolemia, anemia, coagulopathy (disorders of blood clotting), and organ dysfunction. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and manage surgical blood loss effectively to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
Postoperative hemorrhage is a medical term that refers to bleeding that occurs after a surgical procedure. This condition can range from minor oozing to severe, life-threatening bleeding. Postoperative hemorrhage can occur soon after surgery or even several days later, as the surgical site begins to heal.
The causes of postoperative hemorrhage can vary, but some common factors include:
1. Inadequate hemostasis during surgery: This means that all bleeding was not properly controlled during the procedure, leading to bleeding after surgery.
2. Blood vessel injury: During surgery, blood vessels may be accidentally cut or damaged, causing bleeding after the procedure.
3. Coagulopathy: This is a condition in which the body has difficulty forming blood clots, increasing the risk of postoperative hemorrhage.
4. Use of anticoagulant medications: Medications that prevent blood clots can increase the risk of bleeding after surgery.
5. Infection: An infection at the surgical site can cause inflammation and bleeding.
Symptoms of postoperative hemorrhage may include swelling, pain, warmth, or discoloration around the surgical site, as well as signs of shock such as rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, and confusion. Treatment for postoperative hemorrhage depends on the severity of the bleeding and may include medications to control bleeding, transfusions of blood products, or additional surgery to stop the bleeding.
Aprotinin is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called serine protease inhibitors. It works by inhibiting the activity of certain enzymes in the body that can cause tissue damage and bleeding. Aprotinin is used in medical procedures such as heart bypass surgery to reduce blood loss and the need for blood transfusions. It is administered intravenously and its use is typically stopped a few days after the surgical procedure.
Aprotinin was first approved for use in the United States in 1993, but its use has been restricted or withdrawn in many countries due to concerns about its safety. In 2006, a study found an increased risk of kidney damage and death associated with the use of aprotinin during heart bypass surgery, leading to its withdrawal from the market in Europe and Canada. However, it is still available for use in the United States under a restricted access program.
It's important to note that the use of aprotinin should be carefully considered and discussed with the healthcare provider, taking into account the potential benefits and risks of the medication.
Surgical hemostasis refers to the methods and techniques used during surgical procedures to stop bleeding or prevent hemorrhage. This can be achieved through various means, including the use of surgical instruments such as clamps, ligatures, or staples to physically compress blood vessels and stop the flow of blood. Electrosurgical tools like cautery may also be used to coagulate and seal off bleeding vessels using heat. Additionally, topical hemostatic agents can be applied to promote clotting and control bleeding in wounded tissues. Effective surgical hemostasis is crucial for ensuring a successful surgical outcome and minimizing the risk of complications such as excessive blood loss, infection, or delayed healing.
Aminocaproic acid is an antifibrinolytic medication, which means it helps to prevent the breakdown of blood clots. It works by blocking plasmin, an enzyme in your body that dissolves blood clots.
This drug is used for the treatment of bleeding conditions due to various causes, such as:
1. Excessive menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)
2. Bleeding after tooth extraction or surgery
3. Hematuria (blood in urine) due to certain medical procedures or conditions like kidney stones
4. Intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding inside the skull)
5. Hereditary angioedema, a genetic disorder that causes swelling of various parts of the body
Aminocaproic acid is available in oral and injectable forms. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache. Serious side effects are rare but may include allergic reactions, seizures, or vision changes. It's essential to use this medication under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as improper usage might lead to blood clots, stroke, or other severe complications.
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure in which blood or its components are transferred from one individual (donor) to another (recipient) through a vein. The donated blood can be fresh whole blood, packed red blood cells, platelets, plasma, or cryoprecipitate, depending on the recipient's needs. Blood transfusions are performed to replace lost blood due to severe bleeding, treat anemia, support patients undergoing major surgeries, or manage various medical conditions such as hemophilia, thalassemia, and leukemia. The donated blood must be carefully cross-matched with the recipient's blood type to minimize the risk of transfusion reactions.
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acids are a type of organic compound that consists of a cyclohexane ring, which is a six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon, substituted with a carboxylic acid group (-COOH). This group contains a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH).
The cyclohexane ring can be in various forms, including the chair, boat, or twist-boat conformations, depending on the orientation of its constituent atoms. The carboxylic acid group can ionize to form a carboxylate anion, which is negatively charged and has a deprotonated hydroxyl group.
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acids have various applications in industry and research, including as intermediates in the synthesis of other chemicals, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. They can also be found naturally in some plants and microorganisms.
Hemostatics are substances or agents that promote bleeding cessation or prevent the spread of bleeding. They can act in various ways, such as by stimulating the body's natural clotting mechanisms, constricting blood vessels to reduce blood flow, or forming a physical barrier to block the bleeding site.
Hemostatics are often used in medical settings to manage wounds, injuries, and surgical procedures. They can be applied directly to the wound as a powder, paste, or gauze, or they can be administered systemically through intravenous injection. Examples of hemostatic agents include fibrin sealants, collagen-based products, thrombin, and oxidized regenerated cellulose.
It's important to note that while hemostatics can be effective in controlling bleeding, they should be used with caution and only under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Inappropriate use or overuse of hemostatic agents can lead to complications such as excessive clotting, thrombosis, or tissue damage.
Ethamsylate is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as anti-fibrinolytics. It works by helping to prevent the breakdown of blood clots and promoting the healing of damaged blood vessels. Ethamsylate is often used in the treatment of conditions associated with bleeding, such as menorrhagia (heavy menstrual periods) and various types of hemorrhage (severe bleeding).
The chemical name for Ethamsylate is diethylammonium 3,4-dimethoxybenzenesulfonate. It is available in oral tablet form and is typically prescribed to be taken two to three times a day, depending on the severity of the condition being treated. As with any medication, it's important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions carefully when taking Ethamsylate.
While Ethamsylate can be effective in treating certain types of bleeding, it is not without potential side effects. Common side effects may include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In rare cases, more serious side effects such as allergic reactions, kidney damage, or changes in blood pressure may occur. If you experience any unusual symptoms while taking Ethamsylate, it's important to contact your healthcare provider right away.
Aminocaproates are a group of chemical compounds that contain an amino group and a carboxylic acid group, as well as a straight or branched alkyl chain with 6-10 carbon atoms. They are often used in medical settings as anti-fibrinolytic agents, which means they help to prevent the breakdown of blood clots.
One example of an aminocaproate is epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), which is a synthetic analogue of the amino acid lysine. EACA works by inhibiting the activation of plasminogen to plasmin, which is an enzyme that breaks down blood clots. By doing so, EACA can help to reduce bleeding and improve clot stability in certain medical conditions, such as hemophilia or following surgery.
Other aminocaproates include tranexamic acid (TXA) and 4-aminoethylbenzoic acid (AEBA), which also have anti-fibrinolytic properties and are used in similar clinical settings. However, it's important to note that these medications can increase the risk of thrombosis (blood clots) if not used properly, so they should only be administered under the close supervision of a healthcare provider.
Menorrhagia is a medical term used to describe abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual periods. It's often characterized by the loss of an excessive amount of menstrual blood (usually more than 80 ml) and can last longer than normal, typically over seven days. This condition can have significant impacts on a woman's quality of life, causing fatigue, distress, and restrictions in daily activities due to the need for frequent pad or tampon changes.
The causes of menorrhagia are varied and can include hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids or polyps, endometrial hyperplasia, pelvic inflammatory disease, pregnancy complications, certain medications, and underlying medical conditions such as coagulopathies or thyroid disorders. In some cases, the cause may remain undetermined even after a thorough evaluation.
Treatment options for menorrhagia depend on the underlying cause and range from medication management with hormonal therapies, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or tranexamic acid to procedural interventions like endometrial ablation, hysteroscopic resection of polyps or fibroids, or ultimately hysterectomy in severe cases. It is essential for individuals experiencing menorrhagia to consult with their healthcare provider to determine the best course of action based on their specific situation and medical history.
Oral hemorrhage, also known as oral bleeding or mouth bleed, refers to the escape of blood from the blood vessels in the oral cavity, which includes the lips, gums, tongue, palate, and cheek lining. It can result from various causes such as trauma, dental procedures, inflammation, infection, tumors, or systemic disorders that affect blood clotting or cause bleeding tendencies. The bleeding may be minor and self-limiting, or it could be severe and life-threatening, depending on the underlying cause and extent of the bleed. Immediate medical attention is required for heavy oral hemorrhage to prevent airway obstruction, hypovolemia, and other complications.
Mefenamic Acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used for its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. It works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis, a key player in pain and inflammation processes.
Mefenamic Acid is primarily used to treat mild to moderate pain, including menstrual cramps, primary dysmenorrhea, post-operative pain, and various types of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Common side effects may include gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. Long-term use of Mefenamic Acid has been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular events, gastrointestinal ulcers, and bleeding. Therefore, it is essential to follow the recommended dosage and consult a healthcare professional for appropriate usage and potential interactions with other medications.
Endometrial ablation is a medical procedure that involves the removal or destruction of the endometrium, which is the lining of the uterus. This procedure is typically used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding that has not responded to other forms of treatment, such as medication. There are several techniques for performing endometrial ablation, including:
1. Hysteroscopy: This technique uses a thin, lighted tube with a camera called a hysteroscope, which is inserted through the cervix into the uterus. The surgeon can then see the endometrium and use instruments to remove or destroy it.
2. Electrosurgical ablation: This technique uses an electrical current to burn away the endometrium. A probe is inserted through the cervix into the uterus, and the electrical current is passed through the probe to heat and destroy the endometrial tissue.
3. Freezing: Also known as cryoablation, this technique involves freezing the endometrium with a probe that is inserted through the cervix into the uterus. The probe is cooled to a very low temperature, which destroys the endometrial tissue.
4. Radiofrequency ablation: This technique uses radiofrequency energy to heat and destroy the endometrium. A probe is inserted through the cervix into the uterus, and the radiofrequency energy is delivered to the endometrial tissue.
5. Balloon ablation: This technique involves inserting a balloon into the uterus and filling it with fluid that is heated to a high temperature. The heat from the fluid destroys the endometrium.
6. Microwave ablation: This technique uses microwave energy to heat and destroy the endometrium. A probe is inserted through the cervix into the uterus, and the microwave energy is delivered to the endometrial tissue.
It's important to note that endometrial ablation is not a form of birth control, and women who undergo this procedure may still become pregnant. However, pregnancy after endometrial ablation can be dangerous for both the mother and the fetus, so it is important to use reliable forms of contraception after the procedure.
Intraoperative care refers to the medical care and interventions provided to a patient during a surgical procedure. This care is typically administered by a team of healthcare professionals, including anesthesiologists, surgeons, nurses, and other specialists as needed. The goal of intraoperative care is to maintain the patient's physiological stability throughout the surgery, minimize complications, and ensure the best possible outcome.
Intraoperative care may include:
1. Anesthesia management: Administering and monitoring anesthetic drugs to keep the patient unconscious and free from pain during the surgery.
2. Monitoring vital signs: Continuously tracking the patient's heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, body temperature, and other key physiological parameters to ensure they remain within normal ranges.
3. Fluid and blood product administration: Maintaining adequate intravascular volume and oxygen-carrying capacity through the infusion of fluids and blood products as needed.
4. Intraoperative imaging: Utilizing real-time imaging techniques, such as X-ray, ultrasound, or CT scans, to guide the surgical procedure and ensure accurate placement of implants or other devices.
5. Neuromonitoring: Using electrophysiological methods to monitor the functional integrity of nerves and neural structures during surgery, particularly in procedures involving the brain, spine, or peripheral nerves.
6. Intraoperative medication management: Administering various medications as needed for pain control, infection prophylaxis, or the treatment of medical conditions that may arise during the surgery.
7. Temperature management: Regulating the patient's body temperature to prevent hypothermia or hyperthermia, which can have adverse effects on surgical outcomes and overall patient health.
8. Communication and coordination: Ensuring effective communication among the members of the surgical team to optimize patient care and safety.
Arthroplasty, replacement, knee is a surgical procedure where the damaged or diseased joint surface of the knee is removed and replaced with an artificial joint or prosthesis. The procedure involves resurfacing the worn-out ends of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone) with metal components, and the back of the kneecap with a plastic button. This surgery is usually performed to relieve pain and restore function in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or traumatic injuries that have damaged the joint beyond repair. The goal of knee replacement surgery is to improve mobility, reduce pain, and enhance the quality of life for the patient.
Fibrinolysis is the natural process in the body that leads to the dissolution of blood clots. It is a vital part of hemostasis, the process that regulates bleeding and wound healing. Fibrinolysis occurs when plasminogen activators convert plasminogen to plasmin, an enzyme that breaks down fibrin, the insoluble protein mesh that forms the structure of a blood clot. This process helps to prevent excessive clotting and maintains the fluidity of the blood. In medical settings, fibrinolysis can also refer to the therapeutic use of drugs that stimulate this process to dissolve unwanted or harmful blood clots, such as those that cause deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
Menstrual hygiene products are items used by menstruating individuals to absorb or collect blood and maintain cleanliness and comfort during menstruation. These products typically include sanitary napkins, tampons, menstrual cups, and reusable cloth pads. They are designed to be safe, comfortable, and effective in managing menstrual flow and preventing leakage, while also being convenient and discreet to use. It is essential to maintain proper menstrual hygiene to prevent discomfort, skin irritation, and infection during menstruation.
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a medical procedure that temporarily takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during major heart surgery. It allows the surgeon to operate on a still, bloodless heart.
During CPB, the patient's blood is circulated outside the body with the help of a heart-lung machine. The machine pumps the blood through a oxygenator, where it is oxygenated and then returned to the body. This bypasses the heart and lungs, hence the name "cardiopulmonary bypass."
CPB involves several components, including a pump, oxygenator, heat exchanger, and tubing. The patient's blood is drained from the heart through cannulas (tubes) and passed through the oxygenator, where it is oxygenated and carbon dioxide is removed. The oxygenated blood is then warmed to body temperature in a heat exchanger before being pumped back into the body.
While on CPB, the patient's heart is stopped with the help of cardioplegia solution, which is infused directly into the coronary arteries. This helps to protect the heart muscle during surgery. The surgeon can then operate on a still and bloodless heart, allowing for more precise surgical repair.
After the surgery is complete, the patient is gradually weaned off CPB, and the heart is restarted with the help of electrical stimulation or medication. The patient's condition is closely monitored during this time to ensure that their heart and lungs are functioning properly.
While CPB has revolutionized heart surgery and allowed for more complex procedures to be performed, it is not without risks. These include bleeding, infection, stroke, kidney damage, and inflammation. However, with advances in technology and technique, the risks associated with CPB have been significantly reduced over time.
Fibrinolysin is defined as a proteolytic enzyme that dissolves or breaks down fibrin, a protein involved in the clotting of blood. This enzyme is produced by certain cells, such as endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels, and is an important component of the body's natural mechanism for preventing excessive blood clotting and maintaining blood flow.
Fibrinolysin works by cleaving specific bonds in the fibrin molecule, converting it into soluble degradation products that can be safely removed from the body. This process is known as fibrinolysis, and it helps to maintain the balance between clotting and bleeding in the body.
In medical contexts, fibrinolysin may be used as a therapeutic agent to dissolve blood clots that have formed in the blood vessels, such as those that can occur in deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. It is often administered in combination with other medications that help to enhance its activity and specificity for fibrin.
Cardiac surgical procedures are operations that are performed on the heart or great vessels (the aorta and vena cava) by cardiothoracic surgeons. These surgeries are often complex and require a high level of skill and expertise. Some common reasons for cardiac surgical procedures include:
1. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): This is a surgery to improve blood flow to the heart in patients with coronary artery disease. During the procedure, a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body is used to create a detour around the blocked or narrowed portion of the coronary artery.
2. Valve repair or replacement: The heart has four valves that control blood flow through and out of the heart. If one or more of these valves become damaged or diseased, they may need to be repaired or replaced. This can be done using artificial valves or valves from animal or human donors.
3. Aneurysm repair: An aneurysm is a weakened area in the wall of an artery that can bulge out and potentially rupture. If an aneurysm occurs in the aorta, it may require surgical repair to prevent rupture.
4. Heart transplantation: In some cases, heart failure may be so severe that a heart transplant is necessary. This involves removing the diseased heart and replacing it with a healthy donor heart.
5. Arrhythmia surgery: Certain types of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) may require surgical treatment. One such procedure is called the Maze procedure, which involves creating a pattern of scar tissue in the heart to disrupt the abnormal electrical signals that cause the arrhythmia.
6. Congenital heart defect repair: Some people are born with structural problems in their hearts that require surgical correction. These may include holes between the chambers of the heart or abnormal blood vessels.
Cardiac surgical procedures carry risks, including bleeding, infection, stroke, and death. However, for many patients, these surgeries can significantly improve their quality of life and longevity.
The double-blind method is a study design commonly used in research, including clinical trials, to minimize bias and ensure the objectivity of results. In this approach, both the participants and the researchers are unaware of which group the participants are assigned to, whether it be the experimental group or the control group. This means that neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving a particular treatment or placebo, thus reducing the potential for bias in the evaluation of outcomes. The assignment of participants to groups is typically done by a third party not involved in the study, and the codes are only revealed after all data have been collected and analyzed.
A traumatic cerebral hemorrhage is a type of brain injury that results from a trauma or external force to the head, which causes bleeding in the brain. This condition is also known as an intracranial hemorrhage or epidural or subdural hematoma, depending on the location and extent of the bleeding.
The trauma can cause blood vessels in the brain to rupture, leading to the accumulation of blood in the skull and increased pressure on the brain. This can result in various symptoms such as headache, confusion, seizures, vomiting, weakness or numbness in the limbs, loss of consciousness, and even death if not treated promptly.
Traumatic cerebral hemorrhage is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment. Treatment options may include surgery to relieve pressure on the brain, medication to control seizures and reduce swelling, and rehabilitation to help with recovery. The prognosis for traumatic cerebral hemorrhage depends on various factors such as the severity of the injury, location of the bleeding, age and overall health of the patient, and timeliness of treatment.
Autologous blood transfusion is a medical procedure in which a patient receives their own blood that has been collected and stored prior to surgery or a medical treatment that may cause significant blood loss. The blood is drawn from the patient, typically in the days or weeks leading up to the scheduled procedure, and then stored until it is needed during or after the surgery.
The primary advantage of autologous blood transfusion is that it eliminates the risk of transfusion reactions, infectious disease transmission, and immunomodulation associated with allogeneic (donor) blood transfusions. However, not all patients are candidates for this type of transfusion due to various factors such as medical conditions, low hemoglobin levels, or insufficient time to collect and store the blood before the procedure.
Autologous blood transfusion can be performed using several methods, including preoperative blood donation, acute normovolemic hemodilution, intraoperative cell salvage, and postoperative blood collection. The choice of method depends on various factors, such as the patient's medical condition, the type and extent of surgery, and the availability of resources.
In summary, autologous blood transfusion is a safe and effective way to reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusions during or after surgical procedures, but it may not be suitable for all patients.
Perioperative care is a multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients before, during, and after surgery with the goal of optimizing outcomes and minimizing complications. It encompasses various aspects such as preoperative evaluation and preparation, intraoperative monitoring and management, and postoperative recovery and rehabilitation. The perioperative period begins when a decision is made to pursue surgical intervention and ends when the patient has fully recovered from the procedure. This care is typically provided by a team of healthcare professionals including anesthesiologists, surgeons, nurses, physical therapists, and other specialists as needed.
Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.
Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb) is the main oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells, which are responsible for delivering oxygen throughout the body. It is a complex molecule made up of four globin proteins and four heme groups. Each heme group contains an iron atom that binds to one molecule of oxygen. Hemoglobin plays a crucial role in the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues, and also helps to carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.
There are several types of hemoglobin present in the human body, including:
* Hemoglobin A (HbA): This is the most common type of hemoglobin, making up about 95-98% of total hemoglobin in adults. It consists of two alpha and two beta globin chains.
* Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2): This makes up about 1.5-3.5% of total hemoglobin in adults. It consists of two alpha and two delta globin chains.
* Hemoglobin F (HbF): This is the main type of hemoglobin present in fetal life, but it persists at low levels in adults. It consists of two alpha and two gamma globin chains.
* Hemoglobin S (HbS): This is an abnormal form of hemoglobin that can cause sickle cell disease when it occurs in the homozygous state (i.e., both copies of the gene are affected). It results from a single amino acid substitution in the beta globin chain.
* Hemoglobin C (HbC): This is another abnormal form of hemoglobin that can cause mild to moderate hemolytic anemia when it occurs in the homozygous state. It results from a different single amino acid substitution in the beta globin chain than HbS.
Abnormal forms of hemoglobin, such as HbS and HbC, can lead to various clinical disorders, including sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and other hemoglobinopathies.
Hip arthroplasty, also known as hip replacement surgery, is a medical procedure where the damaged or diseased joint surfaces of the hip are removed and replaced with artificial components. These components typically include a metal or ceramic ball that replaces the head of the femur (thigh bone), and a polyethylene or ceramic socket that replaces the acetabulum (hip socket) in the pelvis.
The goal of hip arthroplasty is to relieve pain, improve joint mobility, and restore function to the hip joint. This procedure is commonly performed in patients with advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, hip fractures, or other conditions that cause significant damage to the hip joint.
There are several types of hip replacement surgeries, including traditional total hip arthroplasty, partial (hemi) hip arthroplasty, and resurfacing hip arthroplasty. The choice of procedure depends on various factors, such as the patient's age, activity level, overall health, and the extent of joint damage.
After surgery, patients typically require rehabilitation to regain strength, mobility, and function in the affected hip. With proper care and follow-up, most patients can expect significant pain relief and improved quality of life following hip arthroplasty.
An erythrocyte transfusion, also known as a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, is the process of transferring compatible red blood cells from a donor to a recipient. This procedure is typically performed to increase the recipient's oxygen-carrying capacity, usually in situations where there is significant blood loss, anemia, or impaired red blood cell production.
During the transfusion, the donor's red blood cells are collected, typed, and tested for compatibility with the recipient's blood to minimize the risk of a transfusion reaction. Once compatible units are identified, they are infused into the recipient's circulation through a sterile intravenous (IV) line. The recipient's body will eventually eliminate the donated red blood cells within 100-120 days as part of its normal turnover process.
Erythrocyte transfusions can be lifesaving in various clinical scenarios, such as trauma, surgery, severe anemia due to chronic diseases, and hematologic disorders. However, they should only be used when necessary, as there are potential risks associated with the procedure, including allergic reactions, transmission of infectious diseases, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), and iron overload in cases of multiple transfusions.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of swelling in various parts of the body, including the face, lips, tongue, throat, hands, feet, and/or genitals. The swelling can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, causing abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
HAE is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of the C1 inhibitor protein, which is a part of the body's immune system that helps regulate inflammation and blood vessel dilation. As a result, people with HAE have uncontrolled activation of the complement system and increased levels of bradykinin, a potent vasodilator that causes the characteristic swelling.
There are three types of HAE: type I, type II, and type III. Type I and type II are caused by mutations in the gene that codes for the C1 inhibitor protein, resulting in low levels or dysfunctional C1 inhibitor protein. Type III is caused by a mutation in the coagulation factor XII gene, leading to overactivation of the contact system and increased bradykinin production.
HAE is an inherited disorder, typically passed down from parent to child in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that a person has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene from an affected parent and developing HAE. However, up to 25% of cases may occur spontaneously due to new mutations in the gene.
Treatment for HAE includes medications to prevent or reduce the severity and frequency of attacks, such as C1 inhibitor replacement therapy, attenuated androgens, and monoclonal antibodies against kallikrein. In addition, acute attacks can be treated with on-demand therapies, such as plasma-derived C1 inhibitor, icatibant, and ecallantide.
Angioedema is a medical condition characterized by rapid swelling of the skin, mucous membranes, and submucosal tissues. The swelling typically occurs in the face, lips, tongue, larynx, and extremities, and can also affect the gastrointestinal tract. Angioedema can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, hereditary genetic mutations, and certain medications.
In medical terms, angioedema is defined as a self-limiting episode of localized edema in the deep dermis, subcutaneous tissue, or mucous membranes, characterized by well-circumscribed, nonpitting, nondependent swelling. The swelling can occur suddenly and may persist for up to 72 hours. In severe cases, angioedema can cause airway obstruction and be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
Angioedema can be classified into two main types: allergic or non-allergic. Allergic angioedema is caused by an immune response to an allergen, such as food, medication, or insect venom. Non-allergic angioedema can be further divided into several subtypes, including hereditary angioedema (HA), acquired angioedema (AAE), and drug-induced angioedema.
Hereditary angioedema is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the C1 inhibitor gene, leading to uncontrolled activation of the complement system and increased production of bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Acquired angioedema is similar to hereditary angioedema but occurs later in life and is associated with underlying medical conditions such as lymphoproliferative disorders or autoimmune diseases. Drug-induced angioedema can be caused by a variety of medications, including ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
The diagnosis of angioedema is typically based on clinical presentation, medical history, and laboratory tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the condition but may include antihistamines, corticosteroids, epinephrine, and medications that target the complement system or bradykinin pathway. In severe cases, hospitalization and intensive care may be necessary to manage airway obstruction and other complications.
A generic drug is a medication that contains the same active ingredients as an originally marketed brand-name drug, known as its "innovator" or "reference listed" drug. The active ingredient is the component of the drug that is responsible for its therapeutic effect. Generic drugs are required to have the same quality, strength, purity, and stability as their brand-name counterparts. They must also meet the same rigorous Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards regarding safety, effectiveness, and manufacturing.
Generic drugs are typically less expensive than their brand-name equivalents because generic manufacturers do not have to repeat the costly clinical trials that were required for the innovator drug. Instead, they demonstrate through bioequivalence studies that their product is therapeutically equivalent to the reference listed drug. This means that the generic drug delivers the same amount of active ingredient into a patient's bloodstream in the same timeframe as the brand-name drug.
In summary, generic drugs are copies of brand-name drugs with the same active ingredients, dosage forms, strengths, routes of administration, and intended uses. They must meet FDA regulations for safety, efficacy, and manufacturing standards, ensuring that they provide patients with the same therapeutic benefits as their brand-name counterparts at a more affordable price.
Tranexamic acid
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Nosebleed
Coagulopathy
Postpartum bleeding
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Major trauma
Light skin in Japanese culture
Hemoptysis
T-statistic
Heavy menstrual bleeding
Hereditary angioedema
Traumatic brain injury
Cysteamine
Haemophilia B
Antifibrinolytic
Angiodysplasia
Nathan Kuppermann
Portal hypertensive gastropathy
Skin whitening
Dysfibrinogenemia
Patient blood management
Keio University
Peptic ulcer disease
Quebec platelet disorder
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
Javad Parvizi
Battlefield medicine
Fibrinolysin
Cetraxate
Tranexamic acid - Wikipedia
Tranexamic Acid Hyperpigmentation Treatment - The INKEY List | Sephora
Tranexamic Acid: Uses & Interactions
Tranexamic Acid: The Skin Care Ingredient Battling Dark Spots
BestBets: Tranexamic acid in ruptured AAA
Tranexamic acid - Janusinfo.se
Catastrophic drug errors involving tranexamic acid administered during spinal anaesthesia. | PSNet
Effect of Local Tranexamic Acid Gel in the Treatment of Epistaxis | ORL | Karger Publishers
Tranexamic acid reduces intraoperative occult blood loss and tournique | TCRM
Tranexamic Acid 500mg/5ml Solution for Injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)
Tranexamic acid for prophylaxis in haemophilia. | Journal of Clinical Pathology
multi-action clear toner, daily toner, retexturising, brightening, blemish, exfoliate, tranexamic acid | Strivectin US
BET 1: Intravenous tranexamic acid in the treatment of acute epistaxis | Emergency Medicine Journal
Medical Science Monitor | Cost-Benefit Analysis of Using A Single Dose of Tranexamic Acid in Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis...
A comparison of the effects of tranexamic acid and low-dose aprotinin on blood loss and homologous blood usage in patients...
Rationale and design of the PeriOperative ISchemic Evaluation-3 (POISE-3): a randomized controlled trial evaluating tranexamic...
Paper: A Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Peri-Partum Tranexamic Acid for Women with Inherited...
Tranexamic acid in primary CABG surgery: high vs low dose - Minerva Anestesiologica 2004 March;70(3):97-107 - Minerva Medica -...
A closer look at tranexamic acid for melasma
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Tranexamic Acid - Bev Sidders Skincare
Reports for GD-TRANEXAMIC ACID
Tranexamic Acid Toner - BeFound Shop
Tranexamic acid | អុីម៉ាតុគឹ មេឌីក (ខេមបូឌា)
Multi-Bright Tranexamic Acid Treatment 5%
Tranexamic Acid Injection - Lone Star Pharmaceuticals
FEMOSTAT-TX (Ethamsylate 250mg Tranexamic Acid)
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome Medication: Antifibrinolytics, Vasopressin Related, Hemostatics
500mg1
- Each 5ml of solution contains 500mg of Tranexamic Acid. (medicines.org.uk)
Effect of Tranexamic Acid2
- There is an ongoing clinical trial in Canada (Effect of Tranexamic Acid in Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms) which aims to answer this question. (bestbets.org)
- However, most previous studies focused on the effect of tranexamic acid in the whole population, neglecting patients with specific health conditions, such as obesity. (dovepress.com)
Effects of tranexamic acid2
- Second, we performed subgroup analysis to compare the effects of tranexamic acid between obese and non-obese patients separately. (dovepress.com)
- Effects of tranexamic acid on 6. (who.int)
Application of tranexamic acid3
- In patients with nosebleedings, the hemostatic effect of local application of tranexamic acid gel or placebo was compared in a randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial with parallel groups. (karger.com)
- Clinical application of tranexamic acid is effective in reducing blood loss in TKA. (dovepress.com)
- Clinical application of tranexamic acid to reduce bleeding can be traced back to the 1970s, with it initially being used mainly in cardiovascular surgery, and then gradually being applied in trauma and gastrointestinal hemorrhage surgery. (dovepress.com)
Administration of tranexamic acid2
- One method for decreasing transfusions is the administration of tranexamic acid (TXA). (medscimonit.com)
- Prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid decreases bleeding and transfusions after cardiac procedures but it is still unclear what the best dose and the most appropriate timing to get the best results are. (minervamedica.it)
Serum3
- Brightening Serum with Tranexamic Acid 2.5% & Niacinamide 4% skinChemists Brightening Tranexamic Acid 2.5%, Niacinamide 4% is designed specifically for problematic skin prone to acne. (skinchemists.com)
- After cleansing and hydrating with Hyaluronic Acid Serum , apply a pea-sized amount of Tranexamic Acid Serum to the face and neck. (theinkeylist.com)
- From Spring 2022, this product has been renamed to Tranexamic Acid Serum (previously Tranexamic Acid Night Treatment). (theinkeylist.com)
Topical tranexamic acid4
- The latest ingredient to gain popularity in the beauty world is topical tranexamic acid. (women.com)
- The study revealed that individuals with melasma found that topical tranexamic acid was as effective, if not more effective at treating discoloration than traditional treatments. (women.com)
- Fewer studies have focused on using topical tranexamic acid for melasma, according to the paper. (dermatologytimes.com)
- In a study of 60 female melasma patients treated with topical tranexamic acid or topical hydroquinone, researchers found Melasma Area and Severity Index scores decreased significantly and comparably in both groups. (dermatologytimes.com)
Intravenous tranexamic acid2
- We first investigated the ability of intravenous tranexamic acid to reduce intraoperative blood loss in knee osteoarthritis patients undergoing unilateral TKA. (dovepress.com)
- The study series incorporated intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) infusion in 2 doses of 10-15 mg/kg, 15 minutes before tourniquet release and 3 hours later. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
Cyklokapron1
- Fass environmental information for Cyklo-f (tranexamic acid) from Meda, Cyklokapron (tranexamic acid) from Pfizer and Tranexamic acid Stragen from Stragen Nordic (downloaded 2022-04-11). (janusinfo.se)
Glutathione Eye Cream2
- The Mary & May Tranexamic Acid+ Glutathione Eye Cream, available in a generous 30ml size, is a transformative and nourishing skincare gem specially crafted to address the delicate skin around your eyes. (okkabeauty.com)
- The lightweight and non-greasy texture of the Mary & May Tranexamic Acid+ Glutathione Eye Cream ensures comfortable application, making it an essential addition to your daily skincare routine. (okkabeauty.com)
Uneven skin tone3
- Our concentrated tranexamic acid emulsion is formulated with a blend of tranexamic acid, encapsulated kojic acid, alpha arbutin and acetyl glucosamine to target the look of uneven skin tone and dark spots, for a brighter, more even-looking complexion. (naturium.com.au)
- Tranexamic acid targets uneven skin tone and hyperpigmentation, meaning it's ideal for improving the appearance of acne scars. (theinkeylist.com)
- Tranexamic Acid is celebrated for its ability to reduce the appearance of dark spots, pigmentation, and uneven skin tone. (okkabeauty.com)
Ingredients1
- This eye cream is enriched with two powerful ingredients - Tranexamic Acid and Glutathione - known for their exceptional skin-brightening and rejuvenating properties. (okkabeauty.com)
Total knee1
- Introduction: Among the various strategies for in routine total knee replacement (TKR), tranexamic acid (TA) has always been a safer and affordable method. (who.int)
Antifibrinolytic agent2
- But melasma patients often relapse when they stop taking the antifibrinolytic agent, and research on tranexamic acid's long-term efficacy and safety is limited. (dermatologytimes.com)
- But melasma patients often relapse when they stop taking the antifibrinolytic agent, and research on tranexamic acid's long-term efficacy and safety is limited, according to a recent review of studies looking at the use of tranexamic acid for melasma and other dermatologic conditions published in Clinical and Experimental Dermatology . (dermatologytimes.com)
Amino7
- Tranexamic acid is a synthetic analog of the amino acid lysine. (wikipedia.org)
- The use of amino acids, proteins and peptides is not considered to have any environmental impact. (janusinfo.se)
- According to the European Medicines Agency guideline on environmental risk assessments for pharmaceuticals (EMA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00) vitamins, electrolytes, amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids proteins, vaccines and herbal medicinal products are exempted because they are unlikely to result in significant risk to the environment. (janusinfo.se)
- Tranexamic Acid - A synthetic derivative of the amino acid L-Lysine, that has shown promise in reducing unwanted pigmentation via tyrosinase inhibition and reduction in Prostaglandin E2 production. (bevsidders.com)
- Tranexamic Acid is a powerful amino acid that helps to decrease the appearance of dark, uneven patches and dark spots. (theinkeylist.com)
- Impaired function of PBGD leads to the accumulation of the porphyrin precursors porphobilinogen and amino-levulinic acid (ALA). The predominant clinical problem appears to be neurologic damage that leads to peripheral and autonomic neuropathies and psychiatric manifestations. (medscape.com)
- Okamoto S, Okamoto U. Amino-methyl-cyclohexane-carbol- exploratory analysis of the CRASH-2 randomized controlled ic acid: AMCHA. (who.int)
Injection2
- 1 g (1 ampoule of 10 ml or 2 ampoules of 5 ml) tranexamic acid by slow intravenous injection (= 1 ml/minute) every 6 to 8 hours, equivalent to 15 mg/kg BW. (medicines.org.uk)
- In coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, most of these cases were reported following intravenous (i.v.) injection of tranexamic acid in high doses. (medicines.org.uk)
Melanin1
- The powerful antioxidant Glutathione and skin-brightening Tranexamic Acid inhibit melanin synthesis to energize fatigue eyes for an illuminated look. (glowskincosmetics.com)
Composition1
- The composition of Tranexamic Acid helps in making the person comfortable from the excessive bleeding that occurs during the periods, before tooth enamel, in the nose, etc. (adorshea.in)
Renewed complexion1
- Plus, moisture-binding Polyglutamic Acid helps to prevent dryness for a visibly brighter, renewed complexion. (strivectin.com)
Medication5
- Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a medication used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss from major trauma, postpartum bleeding, surgery, tooth removal, nosebleeds, and heavy menstruation. (wikipedia.org)
- Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic medication. (wikipedia.org)
- Tranexamic acid is a medication that stops blood clots from breaking down or delays the process. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Can the person suffering from cancer take the anti-cancer medication along with Tranexamic Acid? (adorshea.in)
- Tranexamic Acid (TXA) is a medication used to help with clotting and can help in the treatment of bleeding. (mountsinai.on.ca)
1,0002
- Enriched with 1,000 ppm of tranexamic acid and glutathione, this eye cream brightens dark circles and revitalizes skin around the eyes. (glowskincosmetics.com)
- A cruelty-free eye cream enriched with 1,000ppm Tranexamic Acid and Glutathione to improve the look of under-eye dark circles and freckles for a more refined, brighter-looking eye area. (okkabeauty.com)
Reduces5
- 2008). Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a recommended treatment for women with severe PPH as it significantly reduces blood loss, need for surgical intervention and maternal mortality from hemorrhage ( Abdul-Kadir et al. (confex.com)
- 1. Tranexamic Acid: Fades discoloration brighten skin and reduces the appearance of acne scars. (befoundstudios.com)
- 10% Mandelic Acid: Reduces the look of dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and post-acne marks. (sephora.com)
- In this meta-analysis, they sought to assess whether preoperative tranexamic acid reduces intraoperative bleeding rates and whether it is well-tolerated. (entandaudiologynews.com)
- This study provides level 1A evidence that tranexamic acid reduces intraoperative bleeding during functional endoscopic sinus surgery and is well-tolerated. (entandaudiologynews.com)
Perioperative3
- Tranexamic acid is sometimes used in orthopedic surgery to reduce blood loss, to the extent of reducing or altogether abolishing the need for perioperative blood transfusion. (wikipedia.org)
- The patients were randomly allocated to receive neither drug nor placebo, a total of 5 g of tranexamic acid, or a total of 2 x 10(6) kallikrein inhibitory units of aprotinin in the perioperative period. (eurekamag.com)
- All seven studies compared perioperative tranexamic acid administration (treatment group) with a placebo. (entandaudiologynews.com)
Surgery8
- In the United States, tranexamic acid is FDA approved for short-term use in people with severe bleeding disorders who are about to have dental surgery. (wikipedia.org)
- Tranexamic acid is used for a short period of time before and after the surgery to prevent major blood loss and decrease the need for blood transfusions. (wikipedia.org)
- The efficacy, posology and safety of tranexamic acid in children undergoing cardiac surgery have not been fully established. (medicines.org.uk)
- For elective, first time coronary artery bypass surgery, both dosages of tranexamic acid are equally effective. (minervamedica.it)
- To assess the relative efficacy of a "low-dose" aprotinin regimen and tranexamic acid on blood loss and homologous blood usage in patients undergoing primary cardiac surgery. (eurekamag.com)
- Tranexamic acid is as effective as low-dose aprotinin in the reduction of postoperative blood loss and homologous blood transfusion in patients undergoing primary cardiac surgery. (eurekamag.com)
- Efficacy of tranexamic acid on operative bleeding in endoscopic sinus surgery: A meta‐analysis and systematic review. (entandaudiologynews.com)
- Aim: To systematically examine and quantify the efficacy and safety of Tranexamic acid in hip fracture surgery. (uea.ac.uk)
Treatment8
- Tranexamic acid was no better than placebo in the early treatment of nose bleedings, but the gel itself seemed to have a beneficial effect. (karger.com)
- Cases of convulsions have been reported in association with tranexamic acid treatment. (medicines.org.uk)
- Discovered serendipitously as a urticaria and angioedema treatment, tranexamic acid's popularity as a treatment for a wide variety of dermatologic conditions appears to be growing. (dermatologytimes.com)
- The most promising evidence supporting tranexamic acid as dermatologic monotherapy is in melasma treatment. (dermatologytimes.com)
- In what the authors say is the largest retrospective study of melasma and oral tranexamic acid treatment, 2 researchers studied 561 melasma patients treated with 250 mg tranexamic acid taken twice daily, for an average of four months. (dermatologytimes.com)
- Side effects from tranexamic acid treatment for melasma tend to be mild but are numerous. (dermatologytimes.com)
- I recently received the Tranexamic Acid Hyperpigmentation Treatment . (sephora.com)
- New research has found that female trauma patients are half as likely as men to receive tranexamic acid - even though the treatment is equally effective regardless of sex. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Clinical1
- In a study published October 2017 in Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, researchers compared tranexamic acid taken orally 250 mg twice daily vs intradermal microinjections of 4 mg/mL every four weeks for 12 weeks. (dermatologytimes.com)
Melasma4
- A growing body of evidence supports treating melasma with systemic or intradermal tranexamic acid. (dermatologytimes.com)
- Studies looking at using tranexamic acid for not only melasma but also post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, urticaria, angioedema and hemostasis offer both encouraging and discouraging results. (dermatologytimes.com)
- And while the FDA has approved oral tranexamic acid for menorrhagia it has not yet approved it for treating skin conditions, including melasma. (dermatologytimes.com)
- Scientists believe tranexamic acid's antiangiogenic and anti-melanogenic properties contribute to its efficacy in reducing melasma symptoms, according to the paper. (dermatologytimes.com)
Doses1
- Researchers have studied treating patients with various doses and forms of tranexamic acid. (dermatologytimes.com)
Reversibly1
- Tranexamic acid (TXA) reversibly blocks lysine binding sites on plasminogen molecules and inhibits plasmin formation. (hku.hk)
Cream2
- 3% Tranexamic Acid Super Moisturizer skinChemists' 3% Tranexamic Moisturizer Cream is designed to improve the appearance of dark spots and skins texture. (skinchemists.com)
- By incorporating this eye cream into your skincare regimen, you can experience the brightening and rejuvenating benefits of Tranexamic Acid and Glutathione, unveiling a more radiant, youthful, and refreshed eye area. (okkabeauty.com)
Spots1
- Tranexamic is a power skincare aid in reducing the appearance of dark spots to give the skin a brighter more even texture and appearance. (skinchemists.com)
Patients treated1
- There was no significant difference in blood loss or homologous blood use between patients treated with tranexamic acid or aprotinin. (eurekamag.com)
Systemic1
- Group L received tranexamic acid 15 mg kg-1 after systemic heparinization followed by an infusion of 1 mg kg-1 h-1 till the end of the operation. (minervamedica.it)
Skin3
- Acids tend to dry skin out, so if your skincare routine already has an acid-heavy product, don't add another. (women.com)
- Generally, those with sensitive skin aren't good candidates for acids. (women.com)
- Tranexamic Acid helps to soothe the skin and assist with hyperpigmentation ensuring the skin is clearer with a more even tone. (skinchemists.com)
Dose1
- Group H received tranexamic 30 mg kg-1 soon after the induction of anaesthesia and a further same dose was added to the prime solution of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). (minervamedica.it)
Reduce7
- Tranexamic acid is sometimes used (often in conjunction with oxytocin) to reduce bleeding after childbirth. (wikipedia.org)
- Tranexamic acid can also help regulate the skin's inflammatory response and reduce symptoms of rosacea. (women.com)
- You wonder whether giving tranexamic acid would reduce his risk of death. (bestbets.org)
- We hypothesized that tranexamic acid would reduce blood loss to a greater extent in obese patients than in those of normal weight. (dovepress.com)
- Tranexamic acid can reduce occult blood loss and tourniquet time in obese patients to a greater extent than in patients of normal weight. (dovepress.com)
- Acidul tranexamic calmează pielea, reduce inflamatia și ajută la refacerea barierei naturale de protectie, scazand in acelasi timp si sensibilitatea pielii la radiatiile UV. (kumiko.ro)
- Does Tranexamic acid reduce intraoperative bleeding during FESS? (entandaudiologynews.com)
Citation1
- citation needed] Tranexamic acid also directly inhibits the activity of plasmin with weak potency (IC50 = 87 mM), and it can block the active-site of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) with high specificity (Ki = 2 mM), one of the highest among all the serine proteases. (wikipedia.org)
Moisturizer1
- If you wish to use a moisturizer, we suggest waiting until Tranexamic Acid has completely absorbed. (theinkeylist.com)
Fibrinolysis2
- Aminocaproic acid inhibits fibrinolysis via inhibition of plasminogen activator substances and, to a lesser degree, through antiplasmin activity. (medscape.com)
- Tranexamic acid is a drug which prevents fibrinolysis and stabilises blood clots. (entandaudiologynews.com)
Antioxidant1
- Lactic Acid: Increases absorption and enhances antioxidant performance. (sephora.com)
Blood5
- Tranexamic acid is used to prevent and treat blood loss in a variety of situations, such as dental procedures, heavy menstrual bleeding, and surgeries with high risk of blood loss. (wikipedia.org)
- TRANEXAMIC ACID (TRAN ex AM ik AS id) slows down or stops blood clots from being broken down. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Tranexamic acid is a antifibrolytic drug used to prevent fibrin breakdown in blood clots. (bestbets.org)
- Tranexamic Acid for the Prevention of Blood Loss after Vaginal Delivery. (bvsalud.org)
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of administering death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trau- tranexamic acid to bleeding trauma patients using evidence ma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a rand- from the CRASH-2 Trial. (who.int)
Placebo1
- As for unwanted effects of the tranexamic acid, there were no significant differences in the hemodynamic and coagulation profiles of the two groups and, encouragingly, tranexamic acid had no significant effect on emetic or thrombotic events compared to placebo. (entandaudiologynews.com)
Trauma2
- Tranexamic acid is frequently used following major trauma. (wikipedia.org)
- Tranexamic acid has been found to decrease the risk of death due to any cause in people who have significant bleeding due to trauma. (wikipedia.org)