Toxoplasmosis ocular. Medical search

The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.

Prenatal protozoal infection with TOXOPLASMA gondii which is associated with injury to the developing fetal nervous system. The severity of this condition is related to the stage of pregnancy during which the infection occurs; first trimester infections are associated with a greater degree of neurologic dysfunction. Clinical features include HYDROCEPHALUS; MICROCEPHALY; deafness; cerebral calcifications; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. Signs of a systemic infection may also be present at birth, including fever, rash, and hepatosplenomegaly. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p735)

Infection caused by the protozoan parasite TOXOPLASMA in which there is extensive connective tissue proliferation, the retina surrounding the lesions remains normal, and the ocular media remain clear. Chorioretinitis may be associated with all forms of toxoplasmosis, but is usually a late sequel of congenital toxoplasmosis. The severe ocular lesions in infants may lead to blindness.

Infections of the BRAIN caused by the protozoan TOXOPLASMA gondii that primarily arise in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (see also AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include SEIZURES, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3)

A genus of protozoa parasitic to birds and mammals. T. gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic animal parasites of man.

Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.

Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and parasitic diseases. The parasitic infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Substances that are destructive to protozoans.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

Infections of the lungs with parasites, most commonly by parasitic worms (HELMINTHS).

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Inflammation of the choroid.

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa.

Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed protozoa administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious protozoan disease.

A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.

One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.

Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Inflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis.

The identification of selected parameters in newborn infants by various tests, examinations, or other procedures. Screening may be performed by clinical or laboratory measures. A screening test is designed to sort out healthy neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN) from those not well, but the screening test is not intended as a diagnostic device, rather instead as epidemiologic.

Proteins found in any species of protozoan.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

The study of parasites and PARASITIC DISEASES.

The clear, watery fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It has a refractive index lower than the crystalline lens, which it surrounds, and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea and the crystalline lens. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p319)

Inflammation of the lymph nodes.

Agents useful in the treatment or prevention of COCCIDIOSIS in man or animals.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.

Albinism affecting the eye in which pigment of the hair and skin is normal or only slightly diluted. The classic type is X-linked (Nettleship-Falls), but an autosomal recessive form also exists. Ocular abnormalities may include reduced pigmentation of the iris, nystagmus, photophobia, strabismus, and decreased visual acuity.

The functional superiority and preferential use of one eye over the other. The term is usually applied to superiority in sighting (VISUAL PERCEPTION) or motor task but not difference in VISUAL ACUITY or dysfunction of one of the eyes. Ocular dominance can be modified by visual input and NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The religion of the Jews characterized by belief in one God and in the mission of the Jews to teach the Fatherhood of God as revealed in the Hebrew Scriptures. (Webster, 3d ed)

Measurement of ocular tension (INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE) with a tonometer. (Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Refraction of LIGHT effected by the media of the EYE.

A human or animal whose immunologic mechanism is deficient because of an immunodeficiency disorder or other disease or as the result of the administration of immunosuppressive drugs or radiation.

Tumors or cancer of the EYE.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the CRYSTALLINE LENS of the EYE and in front of the RETINA. It is contained in a thin hyaloid membrane and forms about four fifths of the optic globe.

Disorders that feature impairment of eye movements as a primary manifestation of disease. These conditions may be divided into infranuclear, nuclear, and supranuclear disorders. Diseases of the eye muscles or oculomotor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) are considered infranuclear. Nuclear disorders are caused by disease of the oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nuclei in the BRAIN STEM. Supranuclear disorders are produced by dysfunction of higher order sensory and motor systems that control eye movements, including neural networks in the CEREBRAL CORTEX; BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; and BRAIN STEM. Ocular torticollis refers to a head tilt that is caused by an ocular misalignment. Opsoclonus refers to rapid, conjugate oscillations of the eyes in multiple directions, which may occur as a parainfectious or paraneoplastic condition (e.g., OPSOCLONUS-MYOCLONUS SYNDROME). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p240)

Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.

Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Processes and properties of the EYE as a whole or of any of its parts.

Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.

Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.

The presence of parasites in food and food products. For the presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food, FOOD MICROBIOLOGY is available.

An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.

A species of the genus VESIVIRUS infecting cats. Transmission occurs via air and mechanical contact.

Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.

Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth.

Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

A republic in the north of South America, bordered on the west by GUYANA (British Guiana) and on the east by FRENCH GUIANA. Its capital is Paramaribo. It was formerly called Netherlands Guiana or Dutch Guiana or Surinam. Suriname was first settled by the English in 1651 but was ceded to the Dutch by treaty in 1667. It became an autonomous territory under the Dutch crown in 1954 and gained independence in 1975. The country was named for the Surinam River but the meaning of that name is uncertain. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1167 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p526)

The pressure of the fluids in the eye.

Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

Tuberculous infection of the eye, primarily the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.

Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*15 allele family.

A mammalian fetus expelled by INDUCED ABORTION or SPONTANEOUS ABORTION.

A pattern of gastrointestinal muscle contraction and depolarizing myoelectric activity that moves from the stomach to the ILEOCECAL VALVE at regular frequency during the interdigestive period. The complex and its accompanying motor activity periodically cleanse the bowel of interdigestive secretion and debris in preparation for the next meal.

The fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands. This fluid moistens the CONJUNCTIVA and CORNEA.

The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

A clear, yellowish liquid that envelopes the FETUS inside the sac of AMNION. In the first trimester, it is likely a transudate of maternal or fetal plasma. In the second trimester, amniotic fluid derives primarily from fetal lung and kidney. Cells or substances in this fluid can be removed for prenatal diagnostic tests (AMNIOCENTESIS).

Sterile solutions that are intended for instillation into the eye. It does not include solutions for cleaning eyeglasses or CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.

Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peripheral vision. These may result from EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; VISUAL PATHWAY diseases; OCCIPITAL LOBE diseases; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS; and other conditions (From Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p132).

An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.

Member of the genus Trichechus inhabiting the coast and coastal rivers of the southeastern United States as well as the West Indies and the adjacent mainland from Vera Cruz, Mexico to northern South America. (From Scott, Concise Encyclopedia Biology, 1996)

Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.

Mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites.

Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

An abnormal concretion occurring mostly in the urinary and biliary tracts, usually composed of mineral salts. Also called stones.

Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.

Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).

Measure of the number of the PARASITES present in a host organism.

A phylum of unicellular parasitic EUKARYOTES characterized by the presence of complex apical organelles generally consisting of a conoid that aids in penetrating host cells, rhoptries that possibly secrete a proteolytic enzyme, and subpellicular microtubules that may be related to motility.

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

Diseases of the cornea.

Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.

Infections of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges by single celled organisms of the former subkingdom known as protozoa. The central nervous system may be the primary or secondary site of protozoal infection. These diseases may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts.

Diseases affecting the eye.

Techniques used to carry out clinical investigative procedures in the diagnosis and therapy of disease.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with humans. They include animals domesticated by humans to live and breed in a tame condition on farms or ranches for economic reasons, including LIVESTOCK (specifically CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; etc.), POULTRY; and those raised or kept for pleasure and companionship, e.g., PETS; or specifically DOGS; CATS; etc.

A country in northern Africa bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between MOROCCO and TUNISIA. Its capital is Algiers.

The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium.

Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.

Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.

Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa.

The relationship between ocular toxoplasmosis and levels of specific toxoplasma antibodies. (1/160)

The relationship between ocular toxoplasmosis and levels of toxoplasma specific antibodies was examined in 195 patients. Using clinical information collected by questionnaires, patients were divided into: 97 with ocular toxoplasmosis (group 1) and 98 with ocular lesions not due to toxoplasma (group 2). The geometric mean of dye test titres (+/-S.D. natural log titre) in group 1 was 53.2 (+/-0.95) compared with 24.6 (+/-1.11) in group 2 (P < 0.001). Young females tended to have more active lesions compared with young males (P < 0.05). There was an age-dependent difference in dye test titres between the groups (P < 0.001). Group 1 showed a decline in titre with age compared with an increase in group 2. Ocular toxoplasmosis was diagnosed most frequently among 21-30 year olds. More group 1 patients had dye test titres > or = 65 iu/ml than group 2 (P < 0.05). Dye test titres > or = 65 iu/ml support a diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis whereas lower titres suggest other causes for eye lesions. (+info)

Immunoglobulin G avidity in diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy and ocular toxoplasmosis. (2/160)

Traditional serological techniques have some limitations in evaluating the duration of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women, patients with lymphadenopathy, and older children suspected of having congenital toxoplasmosis. In these three groups of patients, two variants of T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity tests were used: an EIA Kit (Labsystems) and a noncommercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specially elaborated in the laboratory. The avidity of specific IgG in sera from 23 patients with a known recently acquired infection (mainly pregnant women) was low (less than 30%), whereas that in sera from 19 patients with toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy of 3 weeks to 6 months in duration (mean, 8.3 weeks) covered a large range (between 0.2 and 57.8%; mean, 25. 7%); high avidity results were observed for 10 of 19 patients (52. 6%). The large range of IgG avidity in patients with toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy suggests various durations of infection in these patients, with a tendency for a chronic phase of toxoplasmosis. According to the avidity marker, five patients with lymphadenopathy for less than 3 months did not have a recent Toxoplasma infection. In 6 of 19 patients with lymphadenopathy (31.6%), low IgG avidity values persisted until 5 months after the first serological examination. In all four patients with a documented chronic course of Toxoplasma infection (6 months to 8 years after the first positive serology), high IgG avidity values were observed. Among sera from 10 children and young immunocompetent adults suspected of having ocular reactivation of congenital toxoplasmosis, all had high IgG avidity values (over 40%), suggesting congenitally acquired ocular infection rather than noncongenital infection. In conclusion, the avidity of IgG is a valuable marker of recent toxoplasmosis in pregnant women, suggests the duration of invasion in patients with lymphadenopathy, and may be helpful for differentiation between reactivation of congenital infection and recently acquired ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients. A low IgG avidity does not always identify a recent case of toxoplasmosis, but a high IgG avidity can exclude primary infections of less than 5 months' duration. (+info)

Value of PCR for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in aqueous humor and blood samples from immunocompetent patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. (3/160)

Toxoplasma gondii infection is an important cause of chorioretinitis in the United States and Europe. Most cases of Toxoplasma chorioretinitis result from congenital infection. Patients are often asymptomatic during life, with a peak incidence of symptomatic illness in the second and third decades of life. Diagnosis is mainly supported by ophthalmological examination and a good response to installed therapy. However, establishment of a diagnosis by ophthalmological examination alone can be difficult in some cases. To determine the diagnostic value of PCR for the detection of T. gondii, 56 blood and 56 aqueous humor samples from 56 immunocompetent patients were examined. Fifteen patients with a diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis had increased serum anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G levels but were negative for anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin M (group 1), and 41 patients were used as controls (group 2). Samples were taken before antiparasitic therapy was initiated, and only one blood sample and one aqueous humor sample were obtained for each patient. Single nested PCRs and Southern blot hybridization were performed with DNA extracted from these samples. The results obtained showed sensitivity and specificity values of 53. 3 and 83%, respectively. Interestingly, among all patients with ocular toxoplasmosis, a positive PCR result with the aqueous humor sample was accompanied by a positive PCR result with the blood sample. This result suggests that ocular toxoplasmosis should not be considered a local event, as PCR testing of blood samples from patients with ocular toxoplasmosis yielded the same result as PCR testing of aqueous humor samples. PCR testing may be useful for discriminating between ocular toxoplasmosis and other ocular diseases, and also can avoid the problems associated with ocular puncture. (+info)

Detection of specific immunoglobulin E during maternal, fetal, and congenital toxoplasmosis. (4/160)

Toxoplasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in 664 serum samples were evaluated by using an immunocapture method with a suspension of tachyzoites prepared in the laboratory in order to evaluate its usefulness in the diagnosis of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy, congenital infection, and progressive toxoplasmosis. IgE antibodies were never detected in sera from seronegative women, from patients with chronic toxoplasma infection, or from infants without congenital toxoplasmosis. In contrast, they were detected in 86.6% of patients with toxoplasmic seroconversion, and compared with IgA and IgM, the short kinetics of IgE was useful to date the infection precisely. For the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, specific IgE detected was less frequently than IgM or IgA (25 versus 67.3%), but its detection during follow-up of children may be interesting, reflecting an immunological rebound. Finally, IgE was detected early and persisted longer in progressive toxoplasmosis with cervical adenopathies, so it was also a good marker of the evolution of toxoplasma infection. (+info)

Incidence of symptomatic toxoplasma eye disease: aetiology and public health implications. (5/160)

Ocular disease is the commonest disabling consequence of toxoplasma infection. Incidence and lifetime risk of ocular symptoms were determined by ascertaining affected patients in a population-based, active reporting study involving ophthalmologists serving a population of 7.4 million. Eighty-seven symptomatic episodes were attributed to toxoplasma infection. Bilateral visual acuity of 6/12 or less was found in seven episodes (8%) and was likely to have been transient in most cases. Black people born in West Africa had a 100-fold higher incidence of symptoms than white people born in Britain. Only two patients reported symptoms before 10 years of age. The estimated lifetime risk of symptoms in British born individuals (52% of all episodes) was 18/100000 (95% confidence interval: 10.8-25.2). The low risk and mild symptoms in an unscreened British population indicate limited potential benefits of prenatal or postnatal screening. The late age at presentation suggests a mixed aetiology of postnatally acquired and congenital infection for which primary prevention may be appropriate, particularly among West Africans. (+info)

Toxoplasma gondii infection induces gene expression and secretion of interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 by human retinal pigment epithelial cells. (6/160)

We have used human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cultures to investigate the primary cellular responses of retinal resident cells to intracellular Toxoplasma gondii replication. At 4 days postinoculation, when all of the cells were infected, the secretion of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was augmented by 23-, 10-, 8-, and 5-fold, respectively, over the control. Northern and reverse transcriptase PCR analyses showed significant upregulation of steady-state levels of mRNA for IL-1beta, IL-6, GM-CSF, and ICAM-1. The secretion of these molecules by HRPE cells may play a critical immunoregulatory role in the pathophysiological processes associated with T. gondii-induced retinochoroiditis. (+info)

Frequency of specific anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM, IgA and IgE in colombian patients with acute and chronic ocular toxoplasmosis. (7/160)

We studied the frequency of specific anti-Toxoplasma IgM, IgA and IgE antibodies in serum of 28 immunocompetent Colombian patients, selected by ophthalmologists and with lesions that were compatible with ocular toxoplasmosis. Patients were classified in three groups: (i) group 1 consisted of ten patients with a first episode; (ii) group 2, with seven patients with a recurrence and (iii) group 3, consisted of eleven patients with chronic chorioretinal lesion without uveitis. We found that 10/28 (35%) of Colombian patients with ocular toxoplasmosis possessed at least one serological marker for Toxoplasma infection different from IgG. In group 1 (first episode), we found simultaneous presence of specific IgM plus IgA plus IgE in 1/10 (10%). In group 2 (recurrences) in 1/7 (14%) we found IgM and IgA test positives and in 1/7 (14%) we found IgM and IgE tests positives. In group 3 (toxoplasmic chorioretinal scar) the IgA serological test was positive in 2/11 (18%). These results show that serum IgM or IgA or IgE can be present during recurrences. (+info)

Early aqueous humor analysis in patients with human ocular toxoplasmosis. (8/160)

To evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of a panel of laboratory tests for ocular toxoplasmosis performed at the time of presentation, paired samples of aqueous humor and serum were collected from 49 consecutive episodes of ocular toxoplasmosis with a clinical course of less than 3 weeks. Total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The avidity of T. gondii-specific IgG was determined, and DNA extracted from aqueous humor was amplified for detection of a glycoprotein B gene sequence of T. gondii. The diagnosis was confirmed for 73% (36 of 49) of the patients; this rate rose to 79.5% if data from a later analysis of aqueous humor derived from five of the negative patients were included. The analysis of serum (detection of T. gondii-specific IgM and analysis of consecutive serum samples) alone did not contribute to the diagnosis. Calculation of local antibody production lacked diagnostic sensitivity when it was determined less than 3 weeks after the manifestation of clinical symptoms (28 of 49 patients [57%]), but this rose to 70% after an analysis of a second aqueous humor sample. The antibody avidity index attained diagnostic significance in only 8 of 43 instances (19%), and T. gondii DNA was amplified from no more than 6 of 39 (16%) aqueous humor samples. However, T. gondii-specific IgA was found within the aqueous humors of 11 of 43 patients (26%); measurement of the T. gondii-specific IgA level thus contributed substantially to the diagnostic sensitivity of the laboratory tests. (+info)

Pleyer U, Torun N, Liesenfeld O (2007). "Okuläre Toxoplasmose" [Ocular toxoplasmosis]. Ophthalmologe (in German). 104 (7): 603- ... Value of clindamycin in the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis]. Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie (in French). 20 (6): 418-22. ... Toxoplasmosis rarely causes symptoms in cats, but can do so in very young or immunocompromised kittens and cats.[citation ... 8 February 2005) "Toxoplasmosis: Introduction" Archived 20 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, in Kahn, Cynthia M., Line, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clindamycin

Acquired Ocular Toxoplasmosis (Univ of Iowa Hafidi, Zouheir; Daoudi, Rajae (January 2014). "Chorioretinal Toxoplasmosis". New ... Jasper S, Vedula SS, John SS, Horo S, Sepah YJ, Nguyen QD (2017). "Corticosteroids as adjuvant therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis ... Toxoplasma chorioretinitis, more simply known as ocular toxoplasmosis, is possibly the most common cause of infections in the ... Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole has been shown to be equivalent to triple therapy in the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmic_chorioretinitis

Paul M (1 July 1999). "Immunoglobulin G Avidity in Diagnosis of Toxoplasmic Lymphadenopathy and Ocular Toxoplasmosis". Clin. ... Congenital toxoplasmosis is a specific form of toxoplasmosis in which an unborn fetus is infected via the placenta. Congenital ... Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an apicomplexan. Infections with toxoplasmosis are associated ... Toxoplasmosis Study Group) (15 May 2006). "Outcome of Treatment for Congenital Toxoplasmosis, 1981-2004: The National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis

Mother exposure to toxoplasmosis can cause cerebral calcification, hydrocephalus (causes mental disabilities), and intellectual ... Other birth abnormalities have been reported as well, such as chorioretinitis, microphthalmus, and ocular defects. Syphilis ... Other infectious agents include cytomegalovirus, the herpes simplex virus, hyperthermia, toxoplasmosis, and syphilis. Maternal ... ocular abnormalities. The prevalence of children affected is estimated at least 1% in U.S. as well in Canada. Very few studies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_defect

... may also occur in presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS); despite its name, the relationship of POHS to ... Chorioretinitis is often caused by toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus infections (mostly seen in immunodeficient subjects such ... Thuruthumaly C, Yee DC, Rao PK (2014). "Presumed ocular histoplasmosis". Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 25 (6): 508-12. doi: ... "Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to ocular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorioretinitis

Malaria Toxoplasmosis Candida albicans Histoplasmosis Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcus Metastatic fungal endophthalmitis ... An ocular manifestation of a systemic disease is an eye condition that directly or indirectly results from a disease process in ... There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes, for example, is the leading cause of new cases of ... Mehta, Salil; Jiandani, Prakash (September 2007). "Ocular features of hantavirus infection". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_systemic_diseases_with_ocular_manifestations

... anus Ocular convergence spasm Ocular histoplasmosis Ocular melanoma Ocular motility disorders Ocular toxoplasmosis Oculo- ... hereditary Ochronosis Ockelbo disease Ocular albinism Ocular coloboma-imperforate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(O)

... ocular MeSH C11.294.725.781 - toxoplasmosis, ocular MeSH C11.294.800 - eye infections, viral MeSH C11.294.800.250 - ... ocular MeSH C11.270.040.545 - albinism, oculocutaneous MeSH C11.270.040.545.400 - Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome MeSH C11.270.060 - ... ocular MeSH C11.294.354.900 - uveitis, suppurative MeSH C11.294.354.900.350 - endophthalmitis MeSH C11.294.354.900.675 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C11)

... toxoplasmosis, cerebral MeSH C03.752.250.800.445 - toxoplasmosis, congenital MeSH C03.752.250.800.640 - toxoplasmosis, ocular ... toxoplasmosis MeSH C03.752.250.800.110 - toxoplasmosis, animal MeSH C03.752.250.800.250 - ... ocular MeSH C03.335.508.700.750.361.852 - setariasis MeSH C03.335.508.700.775 - strongylida infections MeSH C03.335.508.700. ... toxoplasmosis, animal MeSH C03.701.688.896 - trypanosomiasis, bovine MeSH C03.752.200.146 - balantidiasis MeSH C03.752.250.269 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C03)

During his residency, he continued research in toxoplasmosis. He was assisted at this time and throughout his career by a ... He has more than 700 publications in his bibliography, including work on herpesvirus and ocular disease, antiviral drugs, ... "Toxoplasmosis in the Adult". New England Journal of Medicine. 262 (4): 180-86. doi:10.1056/NEJM196001282620406.{{cite journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_E._Kaufman

Ocular toxocariasis typically occurs in 5 to 10-year-olds resulting in significant damage to the eye. Usually only one eye is ... usually only affecting one eye a very red and painful eye List of parasites of humans Feline zoonosis Toxoplasmosis Bowman, ... The two more severe forms of the disease are visceral toxocariasis and ocular toxocariasis. Visceral toxocariasis typically ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxocara_cati

... toxoplasmosis, cerebral MeSH C01.539.830.025.325 - epidural abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.490 - lung abscess MeSH C01.539. ... ocular MeSH C01.539.375.354.900 - uveitis, suppurative MeSH C01.539.375.354.900.350 - endophthalmitis MeSH C01.539.375.354. ... ocular MeSH C01.252.354.900 - uveitis, suppurative MeSH C01.252.354.900.350 - endophthalmitis MeSH C01.252.354.900.675 - ... ocular MeSH C01.252.410.040.552.846.809 - tuberculosis, oral MeSH C01.252.410.040.552.846.831 - tuberculosis, osteoarticular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C01)

... ocular Colobomata unilobar lung heart defect Colobomatous microphthalmia heart disease hearing Colobomatous microphthalmia ... Congenital v Congenital toxoplasmosis Congenital unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia Congenital vagal hyperreflexivity Congenital ... craniosynostosis maternal hyperthyroiditis Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation Congenital cystic eye multiple ocular and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(C)

... trauma and brainstem toxoplasmosis infection. Neoplasms and giant aneurysms of the posterior fossa have also been associated ... Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, accommodation and refraction, Syndromes affecting the nervous system). ... see-saw nystagmus and associated ocular motility deficits including skew deviation, oculomotor nerve palsy, trochlear nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parinaud's_syndrome

This is the case, for example, when larger, extensive zones or spaces of the ocular media are opaque. Then the scattered light ... Macular degeneration Retinal detachment Retinal vessel occlusion Retinitis pigmentosa Sjögren's syndrome Toxoplasmosis Uveitis ... With the slit lamp, however, direct observation of the fundus is impossible due to the refractive power of the ocular media. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slit_lamp

The typical presentation includes a facial port-wine birthmark, ocular angiomas and cerebral vascular malformations which are ... Epilepsy may also occur after other brain infections such as cerebral malaria, toxoplasmosis, and toxocariasis. Chronic alcohol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilepsy

These are often not deleted centrally whether due to ocular antigen not being presented in the thymus (therefore not negatively ... Toxoplasmosis, Tuberculosis). Major histocompatibility antigen testing may be performed to investigate genetic susceptibility ... Ruggieri S, Frassanito MA, Dammacco R, Guerriero S (August 2012). "Treg lymphocytes in autoimmune uveitis". Ocular Immunology ... While initial treatment is usually successful, complications include other ocular disorders, such as uveitic glaucoma, retinal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveitis

Berson, E. L.; Rosner, B; Sandberg, M. A.; Weigel-Difranco, C; Dryja, T. P. (1991). "Ocular findings in patients with autosomal ... Other conditions include neurosyphilis, toxoplasmosis and Refsum's disease. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is one of the most common ... Berson, Eliot L.; Rosner, B; Sandberg, M. A.; Dryja, T. P. (1991). "Ocular Findings in Patients with Autosomal Dominant ... Other supportive testing may include the electroretinogram (ERG), visual field testing (VFT), ocular coherence tomography (OCT ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinitis_pigmentosa

Ocular straylight Phosphene Scotoma Synchysis scintillans Johnson, D.; Hollands, H. (2011-11-28). "Acute-onset floaters and ... as in toxoplasmosis, may experience multiple floaters and decreased vision due to the accumulation of white blood cells in the ... They also carry a high risk of damage to surrounding ocular tissue. Accordingly, vitreolysis is not widely practised, being ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floater

... intranasal/ocular vs injection. Modified-live FPLV vaccines are not recommended in pregnant queens, very young kittens, or cats ... toxoplasmosis, peritonitis, and lymphoma. To contain the virus, cats with suspected or diagnosed FPLV should be kept in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivore_protoparvovirus_1

Reported needle injuries include cord bleeding, ocular injuries, fetal brain and cutaneous injuries, and deformities such as ... Martin S (June 2001). "Congenital toxoplasmosis". Neonatal Network. 20 (4): 23-30. doi:10.1891/0730-0832.20.4.23. PMID 12143899 ... and toxoplasmosis. The Rh factor is an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells. If the mother is Rh negative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniocentesis

In February 2016, ocular disorders in newborns have been linked to Zika virus infection. In one study in Pernambuco state in ... toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, and herpes simplex virus. Some ... 9 February 2016). "Ocular findings in infants with microcephaly associated with presumed zika virus congenital infection in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zika_fever

Management for ocular congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is similar to that for age-related macular degeneration, including ... Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes infections". Curr ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella

... ocular pemphigus, scarring pemphigoid) Dermatitis herpetiformis (Duhring disease) Endemic pemphigus (endemic pemphigus ... Tarantula bite Tick bite Toxoplasmosis Trichinosis Trichomoniasis Tungiasis (bicho de pie, chigoe flea bite, jigger bite, nigua ... Ocular albinism Oculocutaneous albinism Pallister-Killian syndrome Periorbital hyperpigmentation Photoleukomelanodermatitis of ... Occupational acne Oil acne Ocular rosacea (ophthalmic rosacea, ophthalmorosacea) Otophyma Periorificial dermatitis Persistent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

However, their pecten oculi is smaller relative to the size of their large ocular globe (other large owls are known to have ... These cases of mortality are most widely recorded in cases of Toxoplasmosis, although generally owls have lower rates of this ... As is typical of owls, their ocular anatomy is quite distinct from diurnal raptors especially in terms of their photoreceptor ... Of barred owls in one study, 26.7% had Toxoplasma gondii, the cause of Toxoplasmosis, upon necropsy study, with adults having ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barred_owl

Genetic Divergence of Toxoplasma gondii Strains Associated with Ocular Toxoplasmosis, Brazil Asis Khan*, Catherine Jordan*, ... Genetic Divergence of Toxoplasma gondii Strains Associated with Ocular Toxoplasmosis, Brazil. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/6/06-0025-fa1.htm

... indicating that patients with acquired toxoplasmosis should have long-term follow-up, regardless of initial ocular involvement. ... No ocular involvement, n = 40. Ocular involvement, n = 12. p value. Age at infection, y, median (IQR)†. 34 (27-40). 32 (22-38) ... Characteristics and ocular signs and symptoms among patients with confirmed acute toxoplasmosis infection at baseline ... Clinical and Multimodal Imaging Findings and Risk Factors for Ocular Involvement in a Presumed Waterborne Toxoplasmosis ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/12/20-0227-t1

Recent epidemiological data have shown that most cases of ocular toxoplasmosis result from reactivation of ocular toxoplasmosis ... An update on current practices in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134:102-14 ... Guex-Crosier Y. Update on the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. Int J Med Sci 2009; 6(3):140-142. doi:10.7150/ijms.6.140. ... Guex-Crosier, Y. Update on the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2009, 6 (3), 140-142. DOI: 10.7150/ijms. ...

https://medsci.org/v06p0140.htm

Among infected subjects, the prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is, however, limited to about 2% in Europe and 17% in ... When biology supports clinical diagnosis: review of techniques to diagnose ocular toxoplasmosis ... When biology supports clinical diagnosis: review of techniques to diagnose ocular toxoplasmosis ... Toxoplasmosis is a common infection whose worldwide prevalence is estimated at 30%, with large disparities across the world. ...

https://bjo.bmj.com/content/103/7/1008.full

Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite. The infection ... Ocular toxoplasmosis (retinochoroiditis). Symptoms of retinochoroiditis include the following [53] :. * Decreased visual acuity ... Optical coherence tomography in ocular toxoplasmosis. Int J Med Sci. 2009. 6(3):137-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text]. ... Ocular toxoplasmosis, ie, toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, is relatively uncommon in patients with AIDS; it commonly manifests as ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/229969-41297/which-symptoms-suggest-brainstem-involvement-in-comorbid-toxoplasmosis-and-aids

Ocular toxoplasmosis is one clinical presentation of congenital or acquired infection. The laboratory diagnosis is being used ... Toxoplasmosis was recently included as a neglected disease by the Center for Disease Control. ... Toxoplasmosis was recently included as a neglected disease by the Center for Disease Control. Ocular toxoplasmosis is one ... The objective of this study was to monitor the evolution of active ocular disease or acute relapse of ocular toxoplasmosis ...

https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-015-1650-6

Is ocular toxoplasmosis caused by prenatal or postnatal infection? Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84:224-6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ... Ocular toxoplasmosis: a global reassessment. Part I: epidemiology and course of disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:973-88. DOI ... Unusual abundance of atypical strains associated with human ocular toxoplasmosis. J Infect Dis. 2001;184:633-9. DOIPubMedGoogle ... The genotype of Toxoplasma gondii strains causing ocular toxoplasmosis in humans in Brazil. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139:350-1. ...

https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/6/06-0025-f4

Seroepidemiology of ocular toxoplasmosis-profile of an urban population. Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology. 1998 Oct; ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/74669?locale=zh_TW

Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite. The infection ... Ocular toxoplasmosis (retinochoroiditis). Symptoms of retinochoroiditis include the following [45] :. * Decreased visual acuity ... Optical coherence tomography in ocular toxoplasmosis. Int J Med Sci. 2009. 6(3):137-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text]. ... Ocular toxoplasmosis, ie, toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, is relatively uncommon in patients with AIDS; it commonly manifests as ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229969-clinical

Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite. The infection ... Optical coherence tomography in ocular toxoplasmosis. Int J Med Sci. 2009. 6(3):137-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text]. ... An unusually high prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis in southern Brazil. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992 Aug 15. 114(2):136-44. [QxMD ... Garweg JG, Pleyer U. Treatment Strategy in Human Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Why Antibiotics Have Failed. J Clin Med. 2021 Mar 5. 10 ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229969-medication

Model Systems for Studying Mechanisms of Ocular Toxoplasmosis. Justine R. Smith, Liam M. Ashander, Yuefang Ma, Elise Rochet, ... Model Systems for Studying Mechanisms of Ocular Toxoplasmosis. / Smith, Justine R.; Ashander, Liam M.; Ma, Yuefang et al. ... Smith, JR, Ashander, LM, Ma, Y, Rochet, E & Furtado, JM 2020, Model Systems for Studying Mechanisms of Ocular Toxoplasmosis. in ... We present methods for in vitro and in vivo studies of ocular toxoplasmosis, including dissection of the human eye, and culture ...

https://researchnow.flinders.edu.au/en/publications/model-systems-for-studying-mechanisms-of-ocular-toxoplasmosis

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated uveitis and ocular toxoplasmosis are endemic to Southern Kyushu, the southern-most ... Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated uveitis and ocular toxoplasmosis are endemic to Southern Kyushu, the southern-most ... Epidemiology of Uveitis, Caused by HTLV-1, Toxoplasmosis, and Tuberculosis; the Three Leading Causes of Endemic Infectious ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27925851/

Toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious posterior uveitis in adults and children. The ocular ... CNS toxoplasmosis is often associated with immune deficiency. Toxoplasmic optic neuritis is rare, characterized by subacute ... Neuro-ophthalmic findings include homonymous hemianopia and quadrantanopia, ocular motor CN palsies, and gaze palsies. Long- ... visual loss and ONH swelling, at times accompanied by a macular star (neuroretinitis). CNS toxoplasmosis produces multifocal ...

https://www.aao.org/bcscsnippetdetail.aspx?id=96b41b3d-852c-46a4-9190-5b41f02e27af

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 68 patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis were assigned randomly to 2 treatment groups: 34 in the ... and prednisolone in treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis.. Author(s): Soheilian M, Ramezani A, Azimzadeh A, Sadoughi MM, Dehghan ... injection of clindamycin and dexamethasone may be an acceptable alternative to the classic treatment in ocular toxoplasmosis. ... PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal injection of clindamycin and dexamethasone with classic treatment for ocular ...

http://webmail.druglib.com/abstract/so/soheilian-m_ophthalmology_20110100.html

Ferreira AI, De Mattos CC, Frederico FB, Meira CS, Almeida GC Jr, Nakashima F, Risk factors for ocular toxoplasmosis in Brazil. ... Ocular toxoplasmosis: a global reassessment. Part I: epidemiology and course of disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:973-88. DOI ... Unusual abundance of atypical strains associated with human ocular toxoplasmosis. J Infect Dis. 2001;184:633-9. DOIPubMedGoogle ... The genotype of Toxoplasma gondii strains causing ocular toxoplasmosis in humans in Brazil. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139:350-1. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/4/14-1819_article

Ocular infection and immunity. St. Louis, Missouri, Mosby, 1996:1183-1223.. *Espinoza, L. Toxoplasmosis. In: Beal J, Orrick JJ ... Toxoplasmosis. Primary Care Update for Ob/Gyns, 2001, 8:122-126.. *Sroka S et al. Prevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis ... The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is routinely based on serological tests for the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG- ... A comparison between IgM and IgG-avidity measurements can help in the detection of past or recent toxoplasmosis as verified by ...

http://www.emro.who.int/ar/emhj-vol-20-2014/volume-20-issue-1/comparison-of-two-assays-in-the-diagnosis-of-toxoplasmosis-immunological-and-molecular.html

Manohar Babu B , Outbreak of Acquired Ocular Toxoplasmosis Involving 248 Patients , Arch Ophthal. 2010;128:28-32. ... Rathinam Sivakumar R; Ashok K A , Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease: ocular parasitosis , Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2010;21 ... An Ophthalmologist Survey-Based Study of the Atypical Presentations and Current Treatment Practices of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in ... Kamath Yogish S; Rathinam Sivakumar R and Ankush Kawali , Ocular Toxoplasmis Associated with Scleritis , Indian J Ophthalmol. ...

https://aravind.org/clinics/uvea/

Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. This single-celled parasite is capable of living in a ... People with ocular toxoplasmosis are also prescribed a corticosteroid (e.g., prednisone). Even then, eye problems are likely to ... People with ocular toxoplasmosis are also prescribed a corticosteroid (e.g., prednisone). Even then, eye problems are likely to ... Toxoplasmosis is not spread from human to human.. Toxoplasmosis is everywhere, and many of us are infected without knowing it. ...

https://www.shoppersdrugmart.ca/en/health-and-wellness/conditions/toxoplasmose/130

Ocular toxoplasmosis associated with scleritis. Kamath, Y. S., Rathinam, S. R. & Kawali, A., 01-06-2013, In: Indian Journal of ... Ocular aspects of burns. Rao, P. N. S., Nayak, M. N. & Pai, M. P., 1972, In: Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 59, 9, ... Ocular rhinosporidiosis. Venkataramaiah, N. R., Rao, R. V. & Sreenivasa Rao, P. N., 1973, In: EAST.ARCH.OPHTHALMOL.. 1, 5, p. ... Ocular defects in cerebral palsy. Katoch, S., Devi, A. & Kulkarni, P., 01-06-2007, In: Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 55, 2, ...

https://manipal.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/?showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&publicationYear=2011&publicationYear=2013&publicationYear=2014&publicationYear=2016&publicationYear=2017&publicationYear=2019&publicationYear=2020&format=&nofollow=true&ordering=title&descending=true&page=189

Congenital toxoplasmosis causes neurologic or ocular disease (leading to blindness), as well as cardiac and cerebral anomalies. ... Congenital toxoplasmosis. The Toxoplasmosis Study Group. Semin Pediatr Neurol 1994;1(1):4-25. ... Toxoplasmosis: new challenges for an old disease. Eye (Lond) 2012;26(2):241-4. Epub 2012 Jan 6.doi:10.1038/eye.2011.331. ... Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy. Shahnaz Akhtar Chaudhry, Nanette Gad and Gideon Koren. Canadian Family Physician April 2014, 60 (4 ...

https://www.cfp.ca/content/60/4/334

... yet they may develop ocular and neurological sequelae in the first few months of life. Cases of congenital toxoplasmosis with ... Infants with congenital toxoplasmosis require long-term follow-up, focusing on nervous system development and ophthalmology. ... Here, we report on a rare case of congenital toxoplasmosis presenting with severe jaundice and hemolysis early after birth ... In this case of congenital toxoplasmosis combined with severe jaundice, we treated the infant with two courses of azithromycin ...

https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-021-06619-1

Objetivo: Determinar la evolución del resultado visual en pacientes con toxoplasmosis ocular activa. Métodos: Se realizó un ... Conclusiones: Durante la evolución de los pacientes inmunocompetentes con toxoplasmosis ocular activa se logra mejoría de la ... Objective: Determine the evolution of visual results in patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis. Methods: An observational ... Conclusions: Visual improvement is achieved during the evolution of immunocompetent patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis( ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/gim/?lang=en&q=mh:%22Visual%20Acuity%22

The ocular prognosis of scleritis associated with connective tissue or vasculitic disease varies depending on the specific ... toxoplasmosis, herpes zoster) and neoplastic masquerade syndromes. ... The diagnosis of a connective tissue or vasculitic condition in patients with scleritis carries a guarded systemic and ocular ... Historical details that raise the index of suspicion of an infectious etiology include prior ocular trauma or surgery ( ...

https://www.aao.org/focalpointssnippetdetail.aspx?id=fb9ffdf5-028a-40e4-9281-7a6a3b2319aa

Here are some proven natural remedies for toxoplasmosis. ... Toxoplasmosis can occur from drinking unclean water, eating ... and redness in the eye caused by severe inflammation in your retina will produce ocular toxoplasmosis. ... What Is Toxoplasmosis?. Doctors Health Press agrees that toxoplasmosis education is important. Letâ s tell you a little more ... Other Toxoplasmosis Treatments. What are other natural remedies for parasites and toxoplasmosis? In a 2010 study published in ...

https://www.doctorshealthpress.com/5-natural-remedies-for-toxoplasmosis-a-common-parasitic-disease-you-can-get-from-your-cat/

Toxoplasmosis is transmitted by contact with the feces of an infected cat. Although it is well-known that cats can transmit ... Conjunctivitis in humans can be caused by contact with the nasal and ocular discharges of cats infected with feline ... Transmission of disease generally requires close contact between susceptible people and animals or their oral, nasal, ocular or ... toxoplasmosis, many do not know that humans are more commonly infected by eating incompletely cooked meat. * Other parasites ...

http://www.faqs.org/faqs/cats-faq/health-care/

When infection happens throughout pregnancy, it might produce extreme congenital infection with ocular and neurologic harm to ... Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular parasite liable for inflicting toxoplasmosis. ...

https://www.g2reports.com/category/clia-kits/

Ocular Tauma Nasal Fracture Correction Ocular Toxoplasmosis Nasal Foreign Body Removal Nostril ...

https://www.healthcoco.com/dehradun/doctor/dr-r.-p.-garg-ear-nose-throat-ent-specialist-ophthalmologist/USRBL73UPKI

Ocular toxoplasmosis: a global reassessment. Part I: epidemiology and course of disease.. Am J Ophthalmol. . 2003. ;. 136. :. ... Waterborne toxoplasmosis, Brazil, from field to gene.. Emerg Infect Dis. . 2006. ;. 12. :. 326. -. 9. 16494765. 9. Kasper. LH. ... Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide and is caused by the protozoon Toxoplasma gondii. . The public health ... Waterborne toxoplasmosis, northeastern Brazil.. Emerg Infect Dis. . 2007. ;. 13. :. 287. -. 9. 10.3201/eid1302.060686. 17479893 ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18147/cdc_18147_DS4.txt

Current practice in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis 2022 Kengadhevi, Yogeswaran; João M, Furtado; Bahram, Bodaghi; Janet ... Current practice in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis. 2022 Kengadhevi, Yogeswaran; João M, Furtado; Bahram, Bodaghi; ...

https://iris.uniroma1.it/cris/rp/rp43902

Toxoplasma gondii SAG2 type III in an atypical presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis in Indonesia. Kurniawan, A., Sari, I. P., ...

https://scholar.ui.ac.id/en/publications/?indexableKeyword=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fsustainabledevelopmentgoals%2Fdecent_work_and_economic_growth&format=&ordering=title&descending=false&page=867

Ajzenberg D , Cogne N , Paris L , Bessieres MH , Thulliez P , Fillisetti D , Genotype of 86 Toxoplasma gondii isolates associated with human congenital toxoplasmosis and correlation with clinical findings. (cdc.gov)
The genotype of Toxoplasma gondii strains causing ocular toxoplasmosis in humans in Brazil. (cdc.gov)
The most common human disease caused by infection with Toxoplasma gondii is ocular toxoplasmosis, which typically is manifest as recurrent attacks of necrotizing retinal inflammation with subsequent scarring. (edu.au)
La présente étude menée dans la partie orientale de l'Iraq a examiné le test ELISA d'avidité des anticorps IgG pour dépister les infections à Toxoplasma gondii récentes chez les femmes enceintes, puis a comparé les méthodes immunologiques et la méthode PCR en tant que dosages moléculaires pour la pose du diagnostic de l'infection à T. gondii. (who.int)
Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii . (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
The most common way people get toxoplasmosis is by ingesting toxoplasma eggs ( oocysts ). (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii . (cfp.ca)
Most infants infected with Toxoplasma gondii are completely asymptomatic at birth, yet they may develop ocular and neurological sequelae in the first few months of life. (biomedcentral.com)
The prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis in China is estimated to be approximately 1.1 per 1000 live births based on the data from toxoplasma-specific IgM tests of pregnant women in China [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Toxoplasmosis is caused by the single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii . (doctorshealthpress.com)
People can develop severe toxoplasmosis from an acute toxoplasma infection or an inactive infection that had occurred earlier in life. (doctorshealthpress.com)
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular parasite liable for inflicting toxoplasmosis. (g2reports.com)
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide and is caused by the protozoon Toxoplasma gondii . (cdc.gov)
Infección producida por el protozoo parásito TOXOPLASMA en la que se produce una gran proliferación del tejido conjuntivo, la retina que rodea las lesiones sigue siendo normal, y los medios oculares límpidos. (bvsalud.org)
Infection caused by the protozoan parasite TOXOPLASMA in which there is extensive connective tissue proliferation, the retina surrounding the lesions remains normal, and the ocular media remain clear. (bvsalud.org)
Patients with positive serology for Toxoplasma gondii were analyzed and grouped as 'with ocular toxoplasmosis' (G1: n=160) or 'without ocular toxoplasmosis' (G2: n=160). (transhumanist.ru)
The cause of toxoplasmosis is Toxoplasma gondii protozoa, included in the Coccidia subclass. (blogmasadi.com)
Toxoplasmosis is an infection due to the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. (medifind.com)
Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, present in the whole planet and with a high prevalence in the world population. (tabletsmanual.com)
Other animals, although not disseminating toxoplasma eggs through the environment such as cats, may also be the transmission routes of toxoplasmosis. (tabletsmanual.com)

Recent epidemiological data have shown that most cases of ocular toxoplasmosis result from reactivation of ocular toxoplasmosis and not from primary infection. (medsci.org)
Systemic steroids 1mg/kg is associated in the presence of severe ocular inflammation or in the presence of a zone 1 infection. (medsci.org)
Toxoplasmosis is a common infection whose worldwide prevalence is estimated at 30%, with large disparities across the world. (bmj.com)
Congenital toxoplasmosis may manifest as a mild or severe neonatal disease, with onset during the first month of life or with sequelae or relapse of a previously undiagnosed infection at any time during infancy or later in life. (medscape.com)
Ocular toxoplasmosis is one clinical presentation of congenital or acquired infection. (biomedcentral.com)
The clinical symptoms may appear soon after infection or delay with varying degrees of ocular involvement [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A study in the State of Rio Grande do Sul revealed a prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis of 21.3 % in over 13-year-old individuals and concluded that the disease is a consequence of postnatal infection [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Gilbert RE , Stanford MR . Is ocular toxoplasmosis caused by prenatal or postnatal infection? (cdc.gov)
We present methods for in vitro and in vivo studies of ocular toxoplasmosis, including dissection of the human eye, and culture and infection of differentiated cell populations from the retina, as well as induction of mouse ocular toxoplasmosis by intraocular, or sequential systemic and intraocular, inoculations, and imaging of toxoplasmic retinal lesions. (edu.au)
Toxoplasmosis is considered an opportunistic infection , one that shouldn't harm healthy people but can be very serious if your immune defenses are down (e.g., people with AIDS or cancer, or who are taking medications that suppress the immune system). (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
However, a few healthy people suffer mild symptoms from toxoplasmosis infection. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
Of people with AIDS, about 30% to 40% develop disease from toxoplasmosis, usually because of the reactivation of an old infection. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
Women who already have toxoplasmosis infection and become pregnant have little to worry about. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
Question Congenital toxoplasmosis is a dangerous fetal infection. (cfp.ca)
5 Critically, when a T gondii infection is acquired in pregnancy, the parasite can be transmitted across the placenta to the fetus, resulting in congenital toxoplasmosis, which can have grave consequences. (cfp.ca)
The greatest challenge in diagnosing toxoplasmosis is to establish the acute (primary) infection and distinguish it from past (chronic) infection. (cfp.ca)
Congenital toxoplasmosis is one of the most common types of intrauterine infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Daraprim (pyrimethamine) is the standard drug used to treat a life-threatening parasitic infection called toxoplasmosis . (doctorshealthpress.com)
When infection happens throughout pregnancy, it might produce extreme congenital infection with ocular and neurologic harm to the toddler. (g2reports.com)
The public health relevance of toxoplasmosis relates to congenital ( 1 ) and postnatal infection ( 2 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Today Gapes is an avid walker, despite being born with ocular toxoplasmosis, an infection that caused scar tissue to cover her retinas, leaving her with very blurred vision. (paralympics.org.nz)
Our findings on characterization of immune response of patients with symptomatic toxoplasmosis (ocular and cerebral) identified potential miRNAs that could be involved in regulating the production of important cytokines for infection control. (fapesp.br)
Thus, the objective of this project is to assess the levels of miRNAs and cytokines in paired samples from mother (serum / plasma of pregnant women with acute toxoplasmosis) and fetus (amniotic fluid) in order to identify potential miRNAs that are markers of congenital infection. (fapesp.br)
5]] However, the only absolute indications for this are congenital toxoplasmosis, infection during pregnancy and immunocompromised status. (nzma.org.nz)
To get an idea of how common is toxoplasmosis infection, it is estimated that about 1/3 of the world's population has already come into contact with this parasite. (tabletsmanual.com)
Cases of toxoplasmosis reactivation or acute infection were detected by PCR in a subset of 71 drivers studied for the presence of T. gondii DNA in blood samples. (cuni.cz)
Current therapy for toxoplasmosis suppresses energetic infection but will not get rid of latent infection and it is badly tolerated. (gasyblog.com)
In how exactly ocular toxocariasis manifests itself in humans, and how to properly fight the infection, we understand below. (parazitiintestinali.com)
Ocular toxocariasis is one of the forms of parasitic infection that develops against the background of the ingestion of the roundworm (nematode) toxocara (Toxocara canis) into the human body. (parazitiintestinali.com)

Toxoplasmosis gondii is a ubiquitous parasitic protozoan that causes blindness worldwide. (nzma.org.nz)
Ophthalmologic examinations were performed in drivers with IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies in search of ocular toxoplasmosis. (cuni.cz)

Among infected subjects, the prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is, however, limited to about 2% in Europe and 17% in South America. (bmj.com)
Glasner PD , Silveira C , Kruszon-Moran D , Martins MC , Burnier M , Silveira S , An unusually high prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis in southern Brazil. (cdc.gov)
Given the high variability between geographic locations of seroprevalence and prevalence of different strains of toxoplasmosis, local epidemiological data is important. (nzma.org.nz)

An ocular reactivation of the disease can occur when the cysts are present within the retina (Figure 1 ). (medsci.org)
Symptoms associated with reactivation toxoplasmosis are dependent on the tissue or organ affected. (medscape.com)

Papillitis and complicating acute juxtapapillary retinitis, are unusual and atypical features of ocular toxoplasmosis. (evrs.eu)
The most common pathological clinical presentation of toxoplasmosis is acute retinochoroiditis[[1]]-inflammation of the retina and choroid in the eye. (nzma.org.nz)
Patients with toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis were identified from a database of patients with uveitis seen in Uveitis Clinic (acute clinic and specialist clinic) at Auckland District Health Board, a publicly-funded specialty eye clinic for the Auckland Region, between 2006 and 2019. (nzma.org.nz)
The catchment group is therefore Auckland residents who have acute toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis, or those who have dormant toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis and choose to have publicly-funded follow-up appointments in Auckland. (nzma.org.nz)

Biological Diagnosis of Ocular Toxoplasmosis: a Nine-Year Retrospective Observational Study. (unistra.fr)

SCIENTIFIC POSTER 2016_A Case of Ocular Toxoplasmosis Presenting as Unilateral Papillitis and Juxtapapillary Retinitis Kuihyung Mun Purpose: Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is the most common form of posterior uveitis in otherwise healthy individuals. (evrs.eu)
The aim of this study was to explore rates and risk factors for recurrence of toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis in a New Zealand population. (nzma.org.nz)
Risk factors for recurrence of toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis were calculated using a marginal Cox Regression model with a robust sandwich estimate to allow for correlations between eyes. (nzma.org.nz)
4 Toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis may also mimic CMV. (ophthalmologyadvisor.com)

Blurry vision, reduced vision, and redness in the eye caused by severe inflammation in your retina will produce ocular toxoplasmosis. (doctorshealthpress.com)
No cure for ocular toxoplasmosis is known, and current treatments aim to reduce inflammation, scar size, and rates of recurrence. (nzma.org.nz)
Features that distinguish toxoplasmosis from CMV include prominent anterior chamber and vitreous inflammation and absence of retinal hemorrhages. (ophthalmologyadvisor.com)

Brain involvement (ie, toxoplasmic encephalitis), with or without focal CNS lesions, is the most common manifestation of toxoplasmosis in individuals with AIDS. (medscape.com)
CNS toxoplasmosis produces multifocal lesions, with a predilection for the basal ganglia and the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. (aao.org)
The severe ocular lesions in infants may lead to blindness. (bvsalud.org)
5 Toxoplasmosis retinal lesions classically have smooth demarcated borders while CMV lesions will display ill-defined "granular" borders. (ophthalmologyadvisor.com)
Toxoplasmosis can cause ocular lesions and slowing of reaction reflexes. (cuni.cz)

This study aimed to determine whether the CCR5 Δ32 and CCR5 59029 A/G polymorphisms are associated with the development of ocular toxoplasmosis in humans. (transhumanist.ru)
Although cats are its primary hosts, toxoplasmosis commonly infects humans and can infect any nucleated mammalian cell. (nzma.org.nz)
Toxoplasmosis is found in humans worldwide and in many kinds of animals and birds. (medifind.com)

In up to one third of cases, ocular sequelae have been reported. (medscape.com)
2008) Ocular sequelae of congenital toxoplasmosis in Brazil compared with Europe. (prelekara.sk)

With the development of ocular toxocariasis, the patient's symptoms will vary somewhat depending on the form of the pathology. (parazitiintestinali.com)

Patients with visceral larva migrans have leukocytosis and hypereosinophilia, while in patients with ocular toxocariasis they are usually absent. (atlasrleye.com)
Toxocariasis is clinically classified into several types: classic and incomplete visceral larva migrans (VLM) syndrome, ocular larva migrans (OLM) syndrome, neurological toxocariasis (NLM), covert toxocariasis and asymptomatic toxocariasis. (aaem.pl)
The two more severe forms of the disease are visceral toxocariasis and ocular toxocariasis. (cdc.gov)
Ocular toxocariasis typically occurs in 5 to 10-year-olds. (cdc.gov)
The use of albendazole in managing ocular toxocariasis remains unclear. (cdc.gov)
1 What is ocular toxocariasis? (parazitiintestinali.com)
Ocular toxocariasis also has common signs of pathology. (parazitiintestinali.com)

Similarly, national epidemiological data on congenital toxoplasmosis in China are scarce. (biomedcentral.com)

Only 10-20% of toxoplasmosis cases in adults and children are symptomatic. (medscape.com)
Unlike common viral pictures, symptomatic toxoplasmosis usually lasts for a few weeks, in some cases up to months. (tabletsmanual.com)

Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most frequent cause of posterior uveitis. (medsci.org)
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated uveitis and ocular toxoplasmosis are endemic to Southern Kyushu, the southern-most region of Japan. (nih.gov)
Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious posterior uveitis in adults and children. (aao.org)
3 Posterior uveitis is often infectious, with toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus representing 24.6 and 11.6% of cases, respectively. (touchophthalmology.com)

Chorioretinitis may be associated with all forms of toxoplasmosis, but is usually a late sequel of congenital toxoplasmosis. (bvsalud.org)
These data led us to investigate the characterization of immune response of one of the most important clinical forms of toxoplasmosis, the congenital form. (fapesp.br)
The slow-growing bradyzoite forms of toxoplasmosis can remain dormant for prolonged periods throughout a person's lifetime. (nzma.org.nz)

however, one must also consider infectious etiologies (Lyme disease, toxoplasmosis, herpes zoster) and neoplastic masquerade syndromes. (aao.org)
Historical details that raise the index of suspicion of an infectious etiology include prior ocular trauma or surgery (especially a scleral buckling procedure, strabismus surgery, or pterygium excision), contact lens use, systemic or local immunosuppression, and local debilitating diseases (past history of recurrent keratitis caused by herpes simplex virus or herpes zoster virus). (aao.org)
Since recent studies are looking for miRNAs that could be biomarkers of complications associated with pregnancy, little is known in the context of infectious and parasitic diseases, such as congenital toxoplasmosis. (fapesp.br)

For most of us, the immune system never reaches a state where toxoplasmosis can get enough of a foothold to cause symptoms. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
About 80% to 90% of people show no symptoms when infected with toxoplasmosis. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
For the majority of people with AIDS who have toxoplasmosis, the onset of symptoms is quite slow and subtle. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
In ocular toxoplasmosis can symptoms of retinitis are found. (blogmasadi.com)
In sheep: toxoplasmosis is often called the coccidiosis aberrant coordination of motion, muscle stiffness, and symptoms so rotated by farmers called circling disease. (blogmasadi.com)
What are the symptoms of Toxoplasmosis? (medifind.com)
Contact your provider for an appointment if you develop symptoms of toxoplasmosis. (medifind.com)
In those few immunocompetent people, that is, with a healthy immune system that develops the disease toxoplasmosis, the clinical picture is usually mild, with symptoms similar to a non-specific influenza picture with fever, muscle pain, tiredness , headache and rash cutaneous. (tabletsmanual.com)

Cases of congenital toxoplasmosis with severe jaundice early after birth combined with pancytopenia and splenomegaly are extremely rare. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we report on a rare case of congenital toxoplasmosis presenting with severe jaundice and hemolysis early after birth combined with pancytopenia and splenomegaly. (biomedcentral.com)
In this case of congenital toxoplasmosis combined with severe jaundice, we treated the infant with two courses of azithromycin, followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole after the jaundice resolved. (biomedcentral.com)
Effectiveness against experimental toxoplasmosis was examined inside a murine severe illness model (Fig. 2). (gasyblog.com)

4. GriggME, GanatraJ, BoothroydJC, MargolisTP (2001) Unusual abundance of atypical strains associated with human ocular toxoplasmosis. (prelekara.sk)

Serums samples were taken from 130 pregnant women at risk of toxoplasmosis and a control group of 25 women with normal pregnancy. (who.int)

Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment are closely associated with congenital toxoplasmosis-related prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)
The diagnosis of a connective tissue or vasculitic condition in patients with scleritis carries a guarded systemic and ocular prognosis and demands prompt and aggressive systemic therapy. (aao.org)
The ocular prognosis of scleritis associated with connective tissue or vasculitic disease varies depending on the specific entity. (aao.org)
What is the outlook (prognosis) for Toxoplasmosis? (medifind.com)

Infants with congenital toxoplasmosis require long-term follow-up, focusing on nervous system development and ophthalmology. (biomedcentral.com)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a devastating ocular manifestation of CMV and the most common cause of retinitis in an immunocompromised individual.1,2 Patients with CMV retinitis are usually asymptomatic but can present with floaters, paracentral scotomas, and decreased visual acuity, as. (ophthalmologyadvisor.com)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a devastating ocular manifestation of CMV and the most common cause of retinitis in an immunocompromised individual. (ophthalmologyadvisor.com)

Disease evolution depends on many factors: the immune response of the host, the virulence of the parasite and environmental factors and ocular toxoplasmosis can heals spontaneously after two to three months even in the absence of therapy. (medsci.org)
Toxoplasmosis is a serious and often life-threatening disease in immunodeficient patients. (medscape.com)
Persons with ocular toxoplasmosis are sometimes prescribed medicine to treat active disease by their ophthalmologist. (cdc.gov)
Toxoplasmosis was recently included as a neglected disease by the Center for Disease Control. (biomedcentral.com)
Toxoplasmosis usually lies dormant, but occasionally it reactivates to cause disease. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
Congenital toxoplasmosis causes neurologic or ocular disease (leading to blindness), as well as cardiac and cerebral anomalies. (cfp.ca)
A comprehensive medical and ophthalmic history, review of systems, and complete ocular and physical examination are essential to the diagnosis and management of scleral inflammatory disease. (aao.org)
The company also plans to use the money earned from the Daraprim price increase to invest in toxoplasmosis research and education tools to spread awareness of the disease. (doctorshealthpress.com)
But if toxoplasmosis is such a common disease, why do we hear so little talk about it? (tabletsmanual.com)
is certainly a widely distributed protozoan pathogen that triggers devastating ocular and central nervous program disease. (gasyblog.com)
Furthermore, current drugs usually do not prevent relapsing ocular disease that triggers cumulative skin damage and network marketing leads to blindness. (gasyblog.com)

Atovaquone therapy is used as second line treatment of toxoplasmosis. (medsci.org)
Pinchart-Brenier is rated as an Elite expert by MediFind in the treatment of Toxoplasmosis. (medifind.com)

Washing the food well before eating it is an effective measure to reduce the transmission of toxoplasmosis. (tabletsmanual.com)
The third mode of transmission of toxoplasmosis is by blood transfusion or by transplantation of organs from contaminated donors to uncontaminated recipients. (tabletsmanual.com)

This fact explains why a large part of the population has IgG antibodies against toxoplasmosis (I explain what is IgG toxoplasmosis below), without ever suspecting having had contact with the parasite. (tabletsmanual.com)

Classical therapy of ocular toxoplasmosis consists in a association of 2 to 4.0 g of sulfadiazine loading dose given over 24 hours, followed by 1g given 4 times daily associated with 75mg to 100mg pyrimethamine loading dose initially followed by 25 to 50 mg daily. (medsci.org)
Randomized trial of intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone versus pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and prednisolone in treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. (druglib.com)
Toxoplasmosis treatment is done by giving a combination of pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, together with folinic acid (the dose must be adjusted to prevent poisoning). (blogmasadi.com)

Chorioretinitis associated with congenital viral infections like CMV tends to be stable or improve in infancy, whereas chorioretinitis associated with asymptomatic congenital toxoplasmosis (CTP) progresses for years after birth and is more likely to be clinically significant at an older age. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, the influence of toxoplasmosis is certainly expected to boost as immunosuppression for solid-organ and stem-cell transplant sufferers becomes more regular in the developing globe, where latent infections is certainly common (3). (gasyblog.com)

Highly endemic, waterborne toxoplasmosis in north Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. (cdc.gov)

2]] Positive toxoplasmosis serology varies between 20-85% in the world,[[1]] with differences largely due to cultural differences in cooking patterns and cleanliness of water supply. (nzma.org.nz)

This report presents an atypical case of ocular toxoplasmosis presenting as. (evrs.eu)

Congenital toxoplasmosis has a wide variety of manifestations during the perinatal period. (medscape.com)

Individuals with the CCR5 / CCR5 genotype and simultaneously the CCR5 -59029 AA or AG genotypes have a greater risk of developing ocular toxoplasmosis (4% greater), which may be associated with a strong and persistent inflammatory response in ocular tissue. (transhumanist.ru)
Type I ROP16 regulates retinal inflammatory responses during ocular toxoplasmosis. (unistra.fr)

Pulmonary toxoplasmosis (pneumonitis) due to toxoplasmosis is increasingly recognized in patients with AIDS who are not receiving appropriate anti-HIV drugs or primary prophylaxis for toxoplasmosis. (medscape.com)
Pulmonary toxoplasmosis occurs mainly in patients with advanced AIDS (mean CD4 + count of 40 cells/µL ±75 standard deviation) and primarily manifests as a prolonged febrile illness with cough and dyspnea. (medscape.com)
PARTICIPANTS: A total of 68 patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis were assigned randomly to 2 treatment groups: 34 in the intravitreal clindamycin plus dexamethasone (IVCD) group and 34 in the classic treatment (CT) group. (druglib.com)
Episcleritis, while most commonly idiopathic, may be associated with a variety of systemic vasculitic and connective tissue diseases and local ocular conditions in up to 36% of patients. (aao.org)
The mortality from vasculitic complications in patients with Wegener granulomatosis and polyarteritis nodosa is high in untreated patients, while the ocular morbidity and visual loss is more prevalent given the frequent occurrence of necrotizing scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis with these diseases. (aao.org)
The major concern regarding toxoplasmosis is in pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients, ie, with weakened immune systems such as transplanted, HIV positive, patients on chemotherapy or immunosuppressive drug use. (tabletsmanual.com)
Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective descriptive et analytique, multicentrique portant sur des patients de moins de 5ans pris en charge pour une affection neurochirurgicale de Janvier 2019 à Décembre 2021 à Libreville. (bvsalud.org)

Only rarely can toxoplasmosis be transmitted by a blood transfusion or organ transplantation. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)

Ocular toxoplasmosis typically has a recurring course[[2]] that can be explained by the lifecycle of the parasite. (nzma.org.nz)

A pediatric ocular imaging system (RetCam3) may be used in newborns, infants, and uncooperative children. (medscape.com)

What are the possible complications of Toxoplasmosis? (medifind.com)

Moura L , Bahia-Oliveira LMG , Wada MA , Jones JL , Tuboi SH , Carmo EH , Waterborne toxoplasmosis, Brazil, from field to gene. (cdc.gov)

Neuro-ophthalmic findings include homonymous hemianopia and quadrantanopia, ocular motor CN palsies, and gaze palsies. (aao.org)

Pregnant women and those with HIV/AIDS should be screened for toxoplasmosis. (medifind.com)

CNS toxoplasmosis is often associated with immune deficiency. (aao.org)
Toxoplasmosis also affects people who have weakened immune systems. (medifind.com)

CCR5 chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms in ocular toxoplasmosis. (transhumanist.ru)
Association of a NOD2 gene polymorphism and Th17 lymphocytes with presumed ocular toxoplasmosis. (blogspot.com)

Local/regional ocular therapy is largely reserved for cases in which systemic therapy is contraindicated or not well tolerated. (medscape.com)

However, omega-3 only works on one aspect of the anterior ocular surface (usually the meibomian glands). (medscape.com)
Ocular examination revealed 2+ cellular reactions in the anterior chamber and mutton fat keratic precipitate with no vitritis or retinal alterations. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy10

Organisms6

Diseases43

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes12

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

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Health Care6

Geographicals3

The relationship between ocular toxoplasmosis and levels of specific toxoplasma antibodies. (1/160)

Immunoglobulin G avidity in diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy and ocular toxoplasmosis. (2/160)

Value of PCR for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in aqueous humor and blood samples from immunocompetent patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. (3/160)

Detection of specific immunoglobulin E during maternal, fetal, and congenital toxoplasmosis. (4/160)

Incidence of symptomatic toxoplasma eye disease: aetiology and public health implications. (5/160)

Toxoplasma gondii infection induces gene expression and secretion of interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 by human retinal pigment epithelial cells. (6/160)

Frequency of specific anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM, IgA and IgE in colombian patients with acute and chronic ocular toxoplasmosis. (7/160)

Early aqueous humor analysis in patients with human ocular toxoplasmosis. (8/160)

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, Congenital

Toxoplasmosis, Ocular

Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral

Toxoplasma

Toxoplasmosis, Animal

Chorioretinitis

Antibodies, Protozoan

Sulfadiazine

Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic

Antiprotozoal Agents

Immunoglobulin M

Lung Diseases, Parasitic

Antigens, Protozoan

Immunoglobulin G

Choroiditis

Eye

Ocular Hypertension

Seroepidemiologic Studies

DNA, Protozoan

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections

Pregnancy

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Infant, Newborn

Serologic Tests

Atovaquone

Protozoan Vaccines

Antibody Affinity

Pyrimethamine

Uveitis

Uveitis, Posterior

Neonatal Screening

Protozoan Proteins

Acute Disease

Parasitology

Brazil

Aqueous Humor

Lymphadenitis

Coccidiostats

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical

Albinism, Ocular

Dominance, Ocular

Sensitivity and Specificity

Judaism

Tonometry, Ocular

Refraction, Ocular

Immunocompromised Host

Eye Neoplasms

Immunoglobulin A

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Vitreous Body

Ocular Motility Disorders

Fatal Outcome

Cat Diseases

Cornea

Ocular Physiological Phenomena

Naphthoquinones

Encephalitis

Food Parasitology

Clindamycin

Calicivirus, Feline

Eye Injuries

Prenatal Diagnosis

Agglutination Tests

Suriname

Intraocular Pressure

Retinitis

Cats

Tuberculosis, Ocular

Oocysts

HLA-B15 Antigen

Aborted Fetus

Myoelectric Complex, Migrating

Tears

Kyrgyzstan

Fundus Oculi

Amniotic Fluid

Ophthalmic Solutions

Retinal Diseases