Toxicity tests. Medical search

Experiments designed to determine the potential toxic effects of one-time, short-term exposure to a chemical or chemicals.

An array of tests used to determine the toxicity of a substance to living systems. These include tests on clinical drugs, foods, and environmental pollutants.

Experiments designed to determine the potential toxic effects of mid-term (a few months) exposure to a chemical or chemicals.

Experiments designed to determine the potential toxic effects of a long-term exposure to a chemical or chemicals.

Experiments designed to determine the potential toxic effects of a short-term (a few weeks) exposure to a chemical or chemicals.

The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.

A plant genus of the family RUBIACEAE. Members contain iridoid glycosides and ANTHRAQUINONES.

Procedures, such as TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES; mathematical models; etc., when used or advocated for use in place of the use of animals in research or diagnostic laboratories.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

A diverse genus of minute freshwater CRUSTACEA, of the suborder CLADOCERA. They are a major food source for both young and adult freshwater fish.

Tests or bioassays that measure the skin sensitization potential of various chemicals.

An order of mostly marine CRUSTACEA containing more than 5500 species in over 100 families. Like ISOPODA, the other large order in the superorder Peracarida, members are shrimp-like in appearance, have sessile compound eyes, and no carapace. But unlike Isopoda, they possess thoracic gills and their bodies are laterally compressed.

The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and biological action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations.

A genus of CRUSTACEA of the order ANOSTRACA, found in briny pools and lakes and often cultured for fish food. It has 168 chromosomes and differs from most crustaceans in that its blood contains hemoglobin.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

An exaggerated feeling of physical and emotional well-being not consonant with apparent stimuli or events; usually of psychologic origin, but also seen in organic brain disease and toxic states.

An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.

Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations, and other alterations of mood and thinking. Despite the name, the feature that distinguishes these agents from other classes of drugs is their capacity to induce states of altered perception, thought, and feeling that are not experienced otherwise.

Drugs used for their effects on serotonergic systems. Among these are drugs that affect serotonin receptors, the life cycle of serotonin, and the survival of serotonergic neurons.

A genus of livebearing cyprinodont fish comprising the guppy and molly. Some species are virtually all female and depend on sperm from other species to stimulate egg development. Poecilia is used in carcinogenicity studies as well as neurologic and physiologic research.

Analogs or derivatives of AMPHETAMINE. Many are sympathomimetics and central nervous system stimulators causing excitation, vasopressin, bronchodilation, and to varying degrees, anorexia, analepsis, nasal decongestion, and some smooth muscle relaxation.

An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.

The application of electronic, computerized control systems to mechanical devices designed to perform human functions. Formerly restricted to industry, but nowadays applied to artificial organs controlled by bionic (bioelectronic) devices, like automated insulin pumps and other prostheses.

Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. It conducts and supports basic and applied research to reduce the burden of human illness and dysfunction from environmental causes by, defining how environmental exposures, genetic susceptibility, and age interact to affect an individual's health. It was established in 1969.

An agency in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government. It was created as an independent regulatory agency responsible for the implementation of federal laws designed to protect the environment. Its mission is to protect human health and the ENVIRONMENT.

Substances which are of little or no nutritive value, but are used in the processing or storage of foods or animal feed, especially in the developed countries; includes ANTIOXIDANTS; FOOD PRESERVATIVES; FOOD COLORING AGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS (both plain and LOCAL); VEHICLES; EXCIPIENTS and other similarly used substances. Many of the same substances are PHARMACEUTIC AIDS when added to pharmaceuticals rather than to foods.

The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.

Elements, compounds, mixtures, or solutions that are considered severely harmful to human health and the environment. They include substances that are toxic, corrosive, flammable, or explosive.

A broad class of substances encompassing all those that do not include carbon and its derivatives as their principal elements. However, carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and carbon disulfide are included in this class.

It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Chemicals used mainly to disinfect root canals after pulpectomy and before obturation. The major ones are camphorated monochlorophenol, EDTA, formocresol, hydrogen peroxide, metacresylacetate, and sodium hypochlorite. Root canal irrigants include also rinsing solutions of distilled water, sodium chloride, etc.

Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.

Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.

Induction and quantitative measurement of chromosomal damage leading to the formation of micronuclei (MICRONUCLEI, CHROMOSOME-DEFECTIVE) in cells which have been exposed to genotoxic agents or IONIZING RADIATION.

Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.

The study of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION and the toxic effects of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS on the ECOSYSTEM. The term was coined by Truhaut in 1969.

Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.

Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.

Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.

A systematic statement of policy rules or principles. Guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by convening expert panels. The text may be cursive or in outline form but is generally a comprehensive guide to problems and approaches in any field of activity. For guidelines in the field of health care and clinical medicine, PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC is available.

Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)

Conformity in fulfilling or following official, recognized, or institutional requirements, guidelines, recommendations, protocols, pathways, or other standards.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Short fragments of DNA or RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybridize.

A United States organization of distinguished scientists and engineers established for the purpose of investigating and reporting upon any subject of art or science as requested by any department of government. The National Research Council organized by NAS serves as the principal operating agency to stimulate and support research.

A worm-like blind tube extension from the CECUM.

Educational programs for dental graduates entering a specialty. They include formal specialty training as well as academic work in the clinical and basic dental sciences, and may lead to board certification or an advanced dental degree.

Tests to experimentally measure the tumor-producing/cancer cell-producing potency of an agent by administering the agent (e.g., benzanthracenes) and observing the quantity of tumors or the cell transformation developed over a given period of time. The carcinogenicity value is usually measured as milligrams of agent administered per tumor developed. Though this test differs from the DNA-repair and bacterial microsome MUTAGENICITY TESTS, researchers often attempt to correlate the finding of carcinogenicity values and mutagenicity values.

A branch of psychology which investigates the correlation between experience or behavior and the basic neurophysiological processes. The term neuropsychology stresses the dominant role of the nervous system. It is a more narrowly defined field than physiological psychology or psychophysiology.

Organizations representing specialized fields which are accepted as authoritative; may be non-governmental, university or an independent research organization, e.g., National Academy of Sciences, Brookings Institution, etc.

Preclinical safety evaluation of human gene therapy products. (1/1374)

Human gene therapy products include naked DNA and viral as well as non-viral vectors containing nucleic acids. There is limited experience on the preclinical toxicity studies necessary for the safety evaluation of these products, which have been outlined in several recently released guidelines. Requirements for the preclinical safety evaluation of human gene therapy products are both specific and non-specific. All key preclinical studies should be performed in compliance with Good Laboratory Practices. Non-specific requirements are in fact common to all pharmaceutical products. Critical specific issues to be addressed are: the safety evaluation of the vector and the toxicity of the expressed protein(s), which are the two components of gene therapy products, the quality of the test article, the selection of animal species, and the verification that the administration method successfully transports the gene of interest, with the vector, to the target site(s). The treatment schedule should mimic the intended human therapeutic design. The host's immune response against the gene therapy product has to be evaluated to detect possible adverse effects and immune neutralization by antibodies. The biodistribution of the gene of interest is also essential and can be evaluated by molecular biology techniques, such as PCR. Specific confinement is required for the safe manipulation of viral vectors. (+info)

The contribution of acute toxicity in animals to occupational exposure limits of chemical substances. (2/1374)

The correlations of lethal doses of various industrial chemicals for rats and mice with occupational exposure limit values were investigated. 50% lethal dose (LD50) values obtained by oral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values obtained by inhalation exposure were collected from Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). Threshold Limit Value (Time-Weighted Average) (TLVs-TWA) and Threshold Limit Value (Short Term Exposure Limit) (TLVs-STEL) recommended by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) were used as exposure limits. TLVs-TWA or TLVs-STEL and LD50 or LC50 values obtained for the rats were plotted on logarithmic scales on the ordinate and abscissa, respectively. High correlations were obtained between these parameters. The order of correlations was: TLVs-STEL vs. LC50s > TLVs-TWA vs. LC50s > TLVs-TWA vs. LD50s i.p. > TLVs vs. LD50s p.o. The same calculations for the relationship between TLVs and lethal doses in mice were also performed. The order of the three types of correlations was same as that of the rats; however, correlation coefficients for TLVs-STEL vs. LC50s and for TLVs-TWA vs. LC50s obtained in mice were smaller than those in rats. TLVs-TWA are, therefore, well correlated with LC50 values rather than LD50 values, particularly with those in rats. High correlations between TLVs-STEL vs. LC50s were also obtained, as had been expected before calculation. The equation: TLV-TWA = 10b x (LC50)a can be obtained from these plottings, where the values a and b are taken from each linear regression line. TLV-TWA for each chemical can be calculated by using LC50 and the equation. The upper and lower 95% confidence limits for calculated TLV-TWA were TLV-TWA (calculated from LC50) x 22.9 and TLV-TWA (calculated)/22.9, respectively, where LC50 for rats expressed in ppm x hr was used. (+info)

The marginalization of hormesis. (3/1374)

Despite the substantial development and publication of highly reproducible toxicological data, the concept of hormetic dose-response relationships was never integrated into the mainstream of toxicological thought. Review of the historical foundations of the interpretation of the bioassay and assessment of competitive theories of dose-response relationships lead to the conclusion that multiple factors contributed to the marginalization of hormesis during the middle and subsequent decades of the 20th Century. These factors include the following: (a) the close association of hormesis with homeopathy, which led to the hostility of modern medicine toward homeopathy, thereby creating a guilt-by-association framework, and the carryover influence of that hostility toward hormesis in the judgements of medically based pharmacologists/toxicologists; (b) the emphasis of high-dose effects linked with a lack of appreciation of the significance of the implications of low-dose stimulatory effects; (c) the lack of an evolution-based mechanism(s) to account for hormetic effects; and (d) lack of appropriate scientific advocates to counter aggressive and intellectually powerful critics of the hormetic perspective. (+info)

Chemical hormesis: its historical foundations as a biological hypothesis. (4/1374)

Despite the long history of hormesis-related experimental research, no systematic effort to describe its early history has been undertaken. The present paper attempts to reconstruct and assess the early history of such research and to evaluate how advances in related scientific fields affected the course of hormesis-related research. The purpose of this paper is not only to satisfy this gap in current knowledge but also to provide a foundation for the assessment of how the concept of hormetic dose-response relationships may have affected the nature of the bioassay, especially with respect to hazard assessment practices within a modern risk assessment framework. (+info)

Serum vitellogenin levels and reproductive impairment of male Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to 4-tert-octylphenol. (5/1374)

The induction of synthesis of the "female" yolk precursor protein vitellogenin (VTG) in male fish by estrogenic chemicals in the environment has been demonstrated in many recent reports. However, little is known about the organismal and biological significance of this phenomenon. To examine the relationship between VTG production in male fish and reproductive impairment, adult male medaka were exposed to 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), a known environmental estrogen, in concentrations ranging from 20 to 230 ppb for 21 days, under flow-through conditions. Following exposure, male fish were mated, in the absence of OP, with unexposed females. Breeding groups composed of exposed males and control females produced about 50% fewer eggs than control groups. VTG levels in serum of male fish increased with increasing OP exposure concentration and decreased after OP exposure was discontinued. Nevertheless, significant correlations (p<0.01) were observed between VTG levels in exposed male fish and 1) OP exposure concentrations, 2) percent of fertilized eggs, and 3) survival of embryos. OP-induced VTG synthesis and reproductive impairment appear to be closely linked phenomena. Histological examination indicated spermatogenesis in OP-exposed fish was inhibited, and some exposed fish had oocytes in their testes. Finally, OP caused a significant increase in the number of abnormally developing embryos, suggesting that OP may be genotoxic as well as estrogenic. (+info)

Demonstration of the pathogenic effect of point mutated keratin 9 in vivo. (6/1374)

A wild type keratin 9 (K9) cDNA and a point mutated keratin 9 cDNA were injected subcutaneously into mouse skin. The hemagglutinin tag staining of the wild type K9 cDNA injected specimens mainly showed a homogeneous pattern, whereas the point mutated K9 cDNA injected specimens mainly showed a granular pattern in the suprabasal cells. Double staining of K9 and the endogenous keratin revealed the incorporation of de novo synthesized K9 into the keratin network. These results demonstrate that (1) a naked DNA transfection into mouse skin can detect the pathogenic changes of point mutated keratin in vivo and (2) the keratin 9 mutation disrupts the keratin network formation in the suprabasal cells in vivo. (+info)

Changes in thyroid gland morphology after acute acrylamide exposure. (7/1374)

High exposure to the acrylamide monomer has been associated with neuropathy and neurotoxic effects. Chronic lower exposure causes endocrine disruption associated with thyroid, testicular, and mammary tumors. To investigate mechanisms of endocrine disruption, short-term, low-level oral dosing studies were conducted. Weanling female Fischer 344 rats were acclimatized for two weeks before dosing. Controls were given distilled water by gavage and rats in other groups were given acrylamide at doses of 2 mg/kg/day and 15 mg/kg/day for 2 or 7 days by gavage. Twenty-four h after the last dose, the rats were killed by decapitation. Trunk blood was collected for hormone analyses and tissues for histopathological examination. There were no toxicity-related deaths, no clinical signs of toxicity, and no significant difference in the mean body weight of animal groups. Histopathological examination of select tissues showed no lesions of pathologic significance. Plasma thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and pituitary TSH and PRL analyses did not reveal significant changes between control vs. treated rats. In the 7-day study, however, there was a slight dose-dependent increase in plasma T4 and a slight dose-dependent decrease in plasma TSH. Thyroid gland morphometry showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the colloid area and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the follicular cell height of treated rats as compared to controls. The follicular area shrinkage was similar in both studies. These results show a very early endocrine response to very low levels of toxic insult and opens other venues to further investigate the mechanisms of endocrine disruption by acrylamide. (+info)

Effects of acute exposure to PCBs 126 and 153 on anterior pituitary and thyroid hormones and FSH isoforms in adult Sprague Dawley male rats. (8/1374)

3,3'4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) were administered to adult male rats in order to identify sensitive indicators of endocrine disruption. We tested the hypothesis that PCB exposure modifies follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) pituitary isoforms, as well as the pituitary and serum concentrations of FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Effects on serum levels of thyroxine (T4) and testosterone (T), and prostate androgen receptor content, were also tested. In one experiment, 5 groups of 8 rats each received two i.p. injections, one day apart, of either corn oil or 6.25, 25, 100 or 400 micrograms/kg/day of PCB 126. Decreases (p < 0.05) in the serum concentrations of T4 and LH started at doses of 25 and 100 micrograms/kg/day, respectively. Serum FSH concentrations were reduced (p = 0.07) in the highest dose group. In contrast, pituitary content of FSH and LH increased with PCB-126 doses (p = 0.004, p = 0.002, respectively). Despite changes in reproductive hormones, PCB-126 had no effect on the androgen receptor content of the prostate. The effect of PCB-126 was tested in the hemicastrated rat, and suggested adverse effects on testosterone secretion. To test the effects of PCB exposure on FSH pituitary isoforms, 4 groups of 10 male rats received two i.p. injections, one day apart, of either corn oil, PCB 153 (25 mg/kg/day), estradiol-17 beta (E2; 20 micrograms/kg/day), or PCB 126 (0.1 mg/kg/day). Serum T4 levels were higher (p < 0.01) in the E2 and PCB 153 groups, and slightly reduced in the PCB 126-treated groups, compared to controls. Simultaneous purification of pituitary FSH and TSH isoforms was performed by HPLC, using two chromatofocusing columns in series. In contrast to TSH isoforms, the distribution of FSH isoforms over the chromatography run differed slightly between treatment groups; the amounts of FSH isoform eluted during the pH gradient were lower (p < 0.05) in E2 and PCB 153-treated rats than in control or PCB 126-treated rats. The similarity between the effects of E2 and PCB 153 on T4 and FSH isoforms supports the contention that PCB 153 possesses estrogenic properties. Serum LH and T4 concentrations were the most sensitive and practical endocrine indicators of PCBs 126 and 153 exposure in male rats. (+info)

"Toxicity Testing of Dispersants , EPA Response to BP Spill in the Gulf of Mexico , US EPA". Epa.gov. Retrieved 2010-07-01. " ... "Unified Command for the BP Oil Spill , NOAA Conducts Tests to Determine Fate of Whale Found Dead in Gulf of Mexico". ... "EPA's results indicated that none of the eight dispersants tested, including the product in use in the Gulf, displayed ... BP announces plans to have the well testing vessel Toisa Pisces replace the Discoverer Enterprise for bringing oil to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill_(June_2010)

"Toxicity Testing of Dispersants , EPA Response to BP Spill in the Gulf of Mexico , US EPA". Epa.gov. Retrieved 2010-08-03. " ... "Comparative Toxicity of Louisiana Sweet Crude Oil (LSC) and Chemically Dispersed LSC to Two Gulf of Mexico Aquatic Test Species ... "EPA Releases Second Phase of Toxicity Testing Data for Eight Oil Dispersants , Restore the Gulf". App.restorethegulf.gov. ... BP exec Doug Suttles says he would eat seafood from the Gulf saying, "There's been a tremendous amount of testing done by NOAA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill_(August_2010)

"Toxicity Testing of Dispersants , EPA Response to BP Spill in the Gulf of Mexico , US EPA". Epa.gov. Retrieved August 3, 2010 ... Conducting the test would have taken 9-12 hours and $128,000. By canceling the cement test BP paid only $10,000. Crew leaves on ... "EPA Releases Second Phase of Toxicity Testing Data for Eight Oil Dispersants , Restore the Gulf". App.restorethegulf.gov. ... Tests begin on testing well integrity. Salazar issues a new moratorium until November 30 on deepwater wells that use a blowout ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill

"Nonclinical Juvenile Toxicity Testing". In Hood, R.D. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology: A Practical Approach, Second ... Early in Holson's career, while at NCTR, he led studies that assessed the developmental toxicity of FD&C Red No. 2, an amaranth ... Holson, J. F.; Stump, D. G.; Pearce, L. B.; Watson, R. E.; DeSesso, J. M. (2015-04-01). "Absence of developmental toxicity in a ... Stump, D. G.; Holson, J. F.; Harris, C.; Pearce, L. B.; Watson, R. E.; DeSesso, J. M. (2015-04-01). "Developmental toxicity in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_F._Holson

Toxicity S 2. Interaction S 3. Allergy S 4. Addiction (dependence) S 5. Other side effects S 6. Contraindication S 7. ... Complementary test for treatment control N 7. Administrative activity N 8. On patient request (fears, doubts, wants). S 0. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_of_Pharmaco-Therapeutic_Referrals

Nimmo, D. R.; Hamaker, T. L. (1982). "Mysids in toxicity testing - a review". Hydrobiologia. 93 (1-2): 171-178. doi:10.1007/ ... Americamysis bahia and Americamysis almyra are frequently used to test for pesticides and other toxic substances, with A. bahia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysida

Marshall, E. (1983). "The murky world of toxicity testing". Science. 220 (4602): 1130-1132. doi:10.1126/science.6857237. PMID ... Bowman tested the new seeds, and found that as he had expected, some were resistant to glyphosate. He intentionally replanted ... Schneider, Keith "Faking it: The Case against Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories", Amicus Journal, Spring 1983. Novak, Roger A. ( ... IBT was an industrial product safety testing laboratory that was used by pharmaceutical companies, chemical manufacturers and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsanto_legal_cases

Toxicity Tests for Novarseno-benzene (Neosalvarsan). London, Medical Research Council Special Report No. 128 Hurst, C. C. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Margaret_Durham

Blood and Biochemical Test Manual; Dermal Toxicity Test Standard Operating Manual";"Genetic Toxicology Testing Standard ... For over 20 years, Wang has been researcher in drug and toxicity testing and has experience in new drug development. Since 2001 ... Long-Term Toxicity Test Standard Operating Manual; Common Instruments Using Standard Operating Manual; Animal Husbandry ... He has developed test methods, several of which are included in Pharmacology Research Methodology (Peoples Health Press, 2nd ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Aiping_(physician)

... continues to use the Daphtox acute toxicity test that observes daphnia behaviour to calculate the EC50 values of their ... to test the effects of its products on aquatic life, plus rabbit blood to test stain removal. Daphnia are not vertebrates and ... "Ecover loses green backing over 'animal tests' on a 0.2mm flea". Evening Standard. 11 August 2007. Archived from the original ... "Frequently Asked Questions - Aquatic Toxicity". Ecover. Archived from the original on 2012-04-24. Retrieved 28 September 2011 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecover

It is classified in toxicity class III. It shows some evidence of toxicity to dogs and cats, such as changes in body weight and ... Tests of carcinogenicity in this range yielded differing results. It is moderately toxic to fish. "Extension Toxicology Network ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4-DB

Marshall, Eliot (1983-06-10). "The murky world of toxicity testing" (PDF). Science. 220 (4602): 1130-1132. Bibcode:1983Sci... ... "The Scandal in Chemical Testing". The New York Times. 1983-05-16. Retrieved 2012-07-27. The problem was discovered only by ... Merrell, Paul (Winter 1981). "The Industrial Bio-Test Caper" (PDF). NCAP News. 2 (3): 2-4. Retrieved 2012-08-05. Foster, ... naproxen largely led to the Food and Drug Administration's uncovering of extensive scientific misconduct by Industrial Bio-Test ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntex

A lower LD50 is indicative of increased toxicity. The test was created by J.W. Trevan in 1927. The term "semilethal dose" is ... or pathogen is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration. LD50 figures ... The biology of test animals differs in important aspects to that of humans. For instance, mouse tissue is approximately fifty ... In toxicology, the lethal dose (LD) is an indication of the lethal toxicity of a given substance or type of radiation. Because ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethal_dose

In many tests across various species, birds have shown no toxicity or mortality to LdMNPV. Two oral studies, one on mallard ... Three inhalation tests found no mortality or toxicity. An inhalation study in sacrificed animals found the persistence of NPV ... 1975) which showed no toxicity indicated had an antigen response in treated mice. A long-term test also confirmed this. A study ... LdMNPV has undergone numerous tests in regards to toxicity and mortality, all of which show no adverse effects except varying ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymantria_dispar_multicapsid_nuclear_polyhedrosis_virus

Blaise, C.; Férard, J-F. (2005). Small-scale Freshwater Toxicity Investigations: Toxicity Test Methods. Springer. p. 398. ISBN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnidaria

Gerth; NMRl Models of CNS Oxygen Toxicity Modeling - PK. Weathersby; Diver Tolerance to Breathing Resistance - J Clarke; A Log- ... Moon; Rebreather workshop chairman's summary - TG Anthony; Testing divers' underwater breathing apparatus: the u.S. Navy ... Mitchell; Central nervous system oxygen toxicity - RD. Vann, RW. Hamilton; Nitrogen narcosis, oxygen narcosis, and the high ... Warkander; Diving re-breathing apparatus testing and standards: uk/eu perspective - TG Anthony; Rebreather accident ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Divers_Alert_Network_publications

Ecological toxicity testing: scale, complexity, and relevance. Lewis Publishers, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. ISBN 0-87371-599-3 ... Development and current use of single species toxicity tests. p. 98 In: John Cairns, B. R. Niederlehner (eds.) 1994. ... Tarzwell was credited as a major contributor to the scientific testing protocols leading to the Clean Water Act of 1972 and the ... Bioassay procedures for oil and oil dispersant toxicity evaluation. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 42(11): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_M._Tarzwell

Toxicity LOE are determined by the mean of toxicity category score from all relevant tests. Development of LOE for benthic ... Sediment toxicity is evaluated based on bioassay analysis. Standard bioassay toxicity tests are utilized and are not organism ... These bioassay tests evaluate effects based on different toxicological endpoints. The toxicity tests are conducted with respect ... The magnitude of sediment toxicity is determined by multiple toxicity tests conducted in the lab to complement chemistry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment_quality_triad_(SQT)

No tests have been performed on cardiovascular toxicity. MDAI has been advertised as a designer drug. It started to be sold ... toxicity: A brief overview and update". Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental. 28 (4): 345-355. doi:10.1002/hup. ... "Emerging toxicity of 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane (MDAI): Pharmacokinetics, behaviour, thermoregulation and LD50 in rats". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDAI

Gallagher, Megan Erin (2003). Toxicity Testing Requirements, Methods and Proposed Alternatives (PDF). Environs. 26. p. 253. ... "not tested on animals", "we do not conduct animal testing", "never tested on animals", "against animal testing" or "cruelty- ... Products tested on animals are not considered cruelty-free, since these tests are often painful and cause the suffering and ... These tests not only reduce animal testing, but are more precise and accurate at protecting humans from toxic substances. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruelty-free

Fritzsche M, Mandenius CF (September 2010). "Fluorescent cell-based sensing approaches for toxicity testing". Anal Bioanal Chem ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autofluorescence

A lower LD50 is indicative of increased toxicity. The test was created by J.W. Trevan in 1927. The term semilethal dose is ... The value of LD50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test ... As a measure of toxicity, LD50 is somewhat unreliable and results may vary greatly between testing facilities due to factors ... see Test Guideline 401, Trends in Pharmacological Sciences Vol 22, February 22, 2001). Animal testing Reed-Muench method IDLH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_lethal_dose

Oxygen toxicity Oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen (O 2) partial ... Carbon Dioxide Sensitivity Tests". US Navy Experimental Diving Unit Technical Report. AD0728247. Retrieved 2008-06-10. Lanphier ... Phase 5. Added Respiratory Dead Space (Value in Personnel Selection tests) (Physiological Effects Under Diving Conditions)". US ... Lambertsen, C. J. (1971). "Carbon Dioxide Tolerance and Toxicity". Environmental Biomedical Stress Data Center, Institute for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_disorders

Acute toxicity tests are normally 24-96 hours, whereas chronic tests will typically run for a week or longer. Using the MATC to ... A partial life cycle test must be used. This type of toxicity test uses organisms in their most sensitive life stages, usually ... and other organizations to maintain high accuracy and precision among all toxicity tests for regulatory purposes. In a toxicity ... Values derived from toxicity tests such as the MATC are reported to regulatory organizations like the US EPA and Environment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_acceptable_toxicant_concentration

MacMillan, 1989 Acute Toxicity Testing Without Animals, ECEAE, 2005. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals - A Non-animal Testing ... "MP to chair BUAV / Pro-Test debate on primate testing", 31 May 2006. British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection, accessed 9 ... "Pro-Test in support of animal experiments", The Observer, 30 April 2006. Alistair Currie's speech to the Oxford Union, BUAV, ... In April 2006, she was a member of the panel at the Oxford Union that debated whether "This house would not test on animals." ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gill_Langley

Cherdshewasart W, Bhuntaku P, Panriansaen R, Dahlan W, Malaivijitnond S (June 2008). "Androgen disruption and toxicity tests of ... A similar trial using doses 5 times this level in male rats found no reproductive toxicity, making it difficult to reach any ... Existing human clinical trials have found no toxicity with use of butea products, though they were insufficiently large or of ... conclusions about toxicity of this herb in rodents let alone humans. One case study reported a 35-yr-old Thai male who ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butea_superba

There is little research regarding the toxicity of methedrone. Research has been done by animal-testing on mice once. Also, the ... Even in comparison with acute toxicity, chronic toxicity is poorly researched. Only the post-mortem study did little ... Because, when tested directly in blood or urine, it is not known whether the compound will be degraded by enzymes available in ... The tested pHs were 4, 7, 10 and 12. The conclusions are that methedrone, just as most analogs, is stable in acid solutions. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methedrone

ISBN 978-0-12-374367-1. (In press) Mitka M (2006). "Approval for pesticide toxicity testing in humans draws criticism". JAMA. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SENSOR-Pesticides

Eskes and Whelan: Validating Alternative Methods for Toxicity Testing. Springer book. Rebelo, S.P.; Dehne, E.-M.; Brito, C.; ... The aim is to shorten the entire drug development process as well as to reduce animal experiments and drug testing in humans ... "Artificial Lymph Node: Testing human specific immune reactions". ldf.org.uk. Retrieved 31 May 2017. "Artificial immune organ". ... He was initially able to develop a human artificial lymph node model (in vitro) for immunogenicity tests. Since 2007, Marx has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwe_Marx

The testing was described as incomplete and indicating toxicity. On June 17, 2010, the FDA sent a warning letter noting five ... potential violations, expressing concern over the testing, and requiring a response in 15 days. Although Haley wrote an op-ed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyd_Haley

ToxicityEdit. Although it is difficult to generalize on the toxicity of such a broad class of compounds, simple ketones are, in ... Qualitative organic testsEdit. Ketones give positive results in Brady's test, the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to ... Methyl ketones give positive results for the iodoform test.[8] Ketones also give positive results when treated with ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketone

They started to test L-735,524 on animals a couple months later and found that it was safe for animals. Consequently, the ... However, it failed safety assessments because of its toxicity.[11] Seeing that the research on their drug was heading in the ... "High bilirubin levels: Meaning, symptoms, and tests". Medical News Today. Retrieved 2018-10-21 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indinavir

... "set of practices that cannot be tested, refuse to be tested, or consistently fail tests."[192] Dawkins argued that if a ... Dasgupta, Amitava; Hammett-Stabler, Catherine A (2011). Herbal Supplements: Efficacy, Toxicity, Interactions with Western Drugs ... There are also reasons why a placebo treatment group may outperform a "no-treatment" group in a test which are not related to a ... A 2015 study of users in the United States also found elevated blood lead levels in 40 percent of those tested. Other concerns ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_medicine

Madan RK, Levitt J (April 2014). "A review of toxicity from topical salicylic acid preparations". Journal of the American ... she must have a confirmed negative pregnancy test and use an effective form of birth control.[20] In 2008, the United States ... flutamide has a risk of serious liver toxicity, and cases of death in women taking even low doses of the medication to treat ... iPledge requires the woman to have two negative pregnancy tests and to use two types of birth control for at least one month ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

People who would like to be tested for a specific family member or friend without joining any of the bone marrow registry data ... The injury of the mucosal lining of the mouth and throat is a common regimen-related toxicity following ablative HSCT regimens ... A compatible donor is found by doing additional HLA-testing from the blood of potential donors. The HLA genes fall in two ... banks may contact a private HLA testing laboratory and be tested with a mouth swab to see if they are a potential match.[20] A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_Marrow_Transplant

... it is recommended that their TSH and free T4 levels be tested after six weeks to check that they are within normal range.[11] ... and tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants increase its toxicity. On the other hand, lithium can cause hyperthyroidism (but ... Repeat thyroid function tests should be done five weeks after the dosage is increased.[11] ... "Toxicity, Thyroid Hormone". WebMd. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 31 October 2010 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levothyroxine

Examples include pulmonary function testing (e.g. nitrogen washout test, diffusion capacity testing (carbon monoxide, helium, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhale

Various tests eliminated the possibility of the unknown element being thorium, radium, lead, bismuth, or thallium. The new ... Johnson, Garland T.; Lewis, Trent R.; Wagner, D. Wagner (1975). "Acute toxicity of cesium and rubidium compounds". Toxicology ... Flame test colour. Principal emission/absorption wavelength (nm) Crimson. 670.8. Yellow. 589.2. Violet. 766.5. Red-violet. ... Indeed, these flame test colours are the most common way of identifying them since all their salts with common ions are soluble ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

Research is being done testing various activated carbons' ability to store natural gas[1][2] and hydrogen gas.[1][2] The porous ... Tests of adsorption behaviour are usually done with nitrogen gas at 77 K under high vacuum, but in everyday terms activated ... The iodine capacity, mg/g, (ASTM D28 Standard Method test) may be used as an indication of total surface area. ... ASTM (D2866 Standard Method test) is used to determine the ash content of activated carbon. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_charcoal

Low toxicity and environmental impact of raw materials[edit]. The non-recycled components of cellulose insulation are still ... Fire Resistance Tests on Cellulose and Glass Fiber Insulated Wood Stud Shear Walls, Kodur, V.K.R.; Sultan, M.A.; Latour, J.C.; ... Once tested, registration with the EPA as a pesticide is required before a product may be touted as having pesticidal ... Proper testing of products containing borates must be performed in order to determine whether dosage and presentation are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose_insulation

Types of toxicityEdit. *Acute toxicity occurs over a period of hours or a few days, and is less of a problem than chronic ... blood test for vitamin A. Relevance of blood testsEdit. Retinol concentrations are nonsensitive indicatorsEdit. Assessing ... Sources of toxicityEdit. *Diet - liver is high in vitamin A. The liver of certain animals - including the polar bear, bearded ... Vitamin A toxicity has long been known to the Inuit and has been known by Europeans since at least 1597 when Gerrit de Veer ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervitaminosis_A

Chronic toxicity: In an 18-months-study in rats with 10 mg/kg no signs of chronic toxicity were noted, with 50 mg/kg and 250 mg ... A dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and plasma and urine methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) test can be used to estimate who ... Studies in dogs revealed no toxicity relevant for humans. No evidence for a possible hepatic or cardiovascular toxicity was ... it was then tested for anti-cholinergic properties to see if it was a possible antidepressant but these tests also proved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moclobemide

Toxicity[edit]. Main article: Methanol Toxicity. Methanol occurs naturally in the human body and in some fruits, but is ... following a pilot test set up by a group of scientists involving blending gasoline with methanol between 1989 and 1992. The ... While methanol offers somewhat different toxicity exposure pathways, the effective toxicity is no worse than those of benzene ... However, for optimizing engine performance, fuel availability, toxicity and political advantage, a blend of ethanol, methanol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol_fuel

... also provides a test for theories in condensed matter physics. ... "Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles: Sources and Toxicity". Biointerphases. 2 (4): MR17-MR71. arXiv:0801.3280. doi:10.1116/ ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science

... toxicity, monitoring and impacts on ecosystem health". Harmful Algae. 14: 271-300. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.025. hdl:1912/5118 ... whereby ships loaded with cargo when they reached the Seaway were not tested because their ballast water tanks were empty. ... and possible heavy metal toxicity. Plant populations on these soils tend to show low density, but goatgrass can form dense ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species

A 2008 study tested the effect of using gene therapy to help restore the sight of patients with a rare form of inherited ... and the onset of toxicity is delayed. Methanol is commonly found in methylated spirits, denatured ethyl alcohol, to avoid ... A typical Snellen chart that is frequently used for visual acuity testing. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness

zinc toxicity Manganese 00002.3002.3 11; NE Trace A cofactor in enzyme functions Grains, legumes, seeds, nuts, leafy vegetables ... Reference ranges for blood tests, sorted logarithmically by mass above the scale and by molarity below. ... Chromium toxicity Molybdenum 00000.0450.045 2; 0.6 Trace The oxidases xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and sulfite oxidase[ ... molybdenum toxicity[32] Selenium 00000.0550.055 0.4; 0.3 Trace Essential to activity of antioxidant enzymes like glutathione ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_mineral

It can be used in photography and to test for certain metals. It can be used to treat wood. ... It can be reacted with iron(II) sulfate to detoxify (remove the toxicity of) it. ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_dichromate

If you go into a hospital and have a blood test which measures viral proteins, cancer proteins, hormones, vitamins, bacterial ... As well as possibly warning predators about their toxicity, it is thought the main purpose of their flashing abdomen is to ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluminescence

Si H, Xu C, Zhang J, Zhang X, et al «Licochalcone A: An effective and low-toxicity compound against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro ... Reiter-Owona I, Petersen E, Joynson D, Aspöck H, et al «The past and present role of the Sabin-Feldman dye test in the ... Lykins J, Li X, Levigne P, Zhou Y, et al «Rapid, inexpensive, fingerstick, whole-blood, sensitive, specific, point-of-care test ... S'ha assajat un nou test que utilitza la tècnica d'immunocromatrografia de flux lateral per identificar d'una forma ràpida, ...

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Related tests[edit]. Spirometry can also be part of a bronchial challenge test, used to determine bronchial hyperresponsiveness ... This is commonly referred to as a reversibility test, or a post bronchodilator test (Post BD), and is an important part in ... The tracer gas is analyzed simultaneously with CO to determine the distribution of the test gas mixture. This test will pick up ... During the test the person inhales a test gas mixture that consisting of regular air that includes a inert tracer gas and CO, ...

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... s' aquatic toxicity is as severe as or more so than many current solvents.[62][63][64] Mortality isn't necessarily ... Some ionic liquids have been shown to reduce friction and wear in basic tribological testing,[57][58][59][60] and their polar ... D. Zhao; Y. Liao & Z. Zhang (2007). "Toxicity of Ionic Liquids". CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water. 35 (1): 42-48. doi:10.1002/clen. ... C Pretti; C Chiappe; D Pieraccini; M Gregori; F Abramo; G Monni & L Intorre (2006). "Acute toxicity of ionic liquids to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_liquid

It can act as a stimulant, much like caffeine, and is on the list of substances tested for doping in sports.[2] It was used as ... Because of its high toxicity and tendency to cause convulsions, the use of strychnine in medicine was eventually abandoned once ...

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... liver function test (LFT) - long terminal repeat sequence (LTR) - long-term nonprogressors - LTR - lumbar - lumbar puncture - ... mitochondrial toxicity - molecule - molluscum contagiosum - monocyte - mononeuritis multiplex (MM) - monovalent vaccine - ... histocompatibility testing - histoplasmosis - HIV disease - HIV prevention trials network (HPTN) - HIV set point - HIV vaccine ... PPD test - pre-conception counseling - preclinical - precursor cells - prevalence - primary HIV infection - primary isolate - ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_AIDS-related_topics

Neutropenia can be acquired or intrinsic.[16] A decrease in levels of neutrophils on lab tests is due to either decreased ... so an individual may have symptoms of medication overdose or toxicity. Treatment is also aimed at the underlying cause of the ... Reference ranges for blood tests specify the typical counts in healthy people. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_cell

"Yohimbine Test Ligand Search". PDSP Ki Database.. *^ a b Arthur JM, Casañas SJ, Raymond JR (June 1993). "Partial agonist ... especially regarding subchronic toxicity, genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. ... "Drug Testing and Analysis. 8 (3-4): 357-69. doi:10.1002/dta.1849. PMID 26391406.. ... Drug Testing and Analysis. 8 (3-4): 357-69. doi:10.1002/dta.1849. PMID 26391406.. ...

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Test articles passing muster in vitro can be evaluated in a number of in vivo models (usually in mice) of ALI including ... The direct toxicity to the cells leads to an increase in capillary permeability. Furthermore, when phosgene hydrolyzes it forms ... 2007) Breath tests and airway gas exchange. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 20:112-7. Luh SP, Chiang CH. (2007) Acute lung injury/acute ... 2011) Sulfur mustard toxicity: history, chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Crit Rev Toxicol. 41:384-403. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_inhalation_injury

2,4,5-T - Identification, toxicity, use, water pollution potential, ecological toxicity and regulatory information ... early production facilities lacked proper temperature controls and individual batches tested later were found to have as much ... starting in the late 1970s due to toxicity concerns. Agent Orange, a defoliant used by the British in the Malayan Emergency and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic_acid

Sprays that are not labelled "animal-defence spray" or do not bear the test mark of the Materialprüfungsanstalt [de] (MPA, ... Oleoresin capsicum (cap-stun) toxicity from aerosol exposures. Ann Pharmacotherapy 1996;30:733-5. ... CS sprays bearing a test mark of the MPA may be owned and carried by anyone over the age of 14.[34] ... Western Australia: The possession of pepper spray by individuals for self-defence subject to a "reasonable excuse" test has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepper_spray

Gross B, Ronen N, Honigman S, Livne E (1999). Tryptophan toxicity--time and dose response in rats. Advances in Experimental ... including at least one case where the tryptophan was tested and found to lack the contaminants found in the contaminated lots ... UK Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment. June 2004. Archived from the original ( ... Milburn DS, Myers CW (November 1991). "Tryptophan toxicity: a pharmacoepidemiologic review of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophilia–myalgia_syndrome

... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L ... Chemical toxicity distributions in aquatic toxicology : relative sensitivities of estrogenicity assays and ecotoxicity of ... A probabilistic ecological hazard assessment technique, chemical toxicity distributions, was used to examine the relative ...

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comprehensive testing for combustion toxicity, toxic hazard and risk assessment. *standard and ad-hoc tests, both small and ... Cables testing *Dust testing *Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmosphere Regulations (DSEAR) *Regulatory testing *Fire ... Structural fire testing *Fire toxicity assessment *Fire resisting systems & fire protection construction products *Fire ... You are here: Home » BRE Group services (a-z) » Fire » Fire testing » Fire toxicity assessment ...

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Test Substance The test substance used in toxicity studies should be the same substance that the petitioner/notifier intends to ... Dose selection for toxicity studies should be based on information related to the toxicity of the test substance. ... Reports of short-term toxicity tests should include an assessment of the potential for the test substance to adversely affect ... and substrains for toxicity studies.The selection of the use of inbred, out-bred, or hybrid rodent strains for toxicity tests ...

https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/redbook-2000-ivc3a-short-term-toxicity-studies-rodents

especially using newly available toxicity test methods. Structure of Study Team for Nano-Associated Security Assessment RT-NASA ... especially using newly available toxicity test methods. Structure of Study Team for Nano-Associated Security Assessment RT-NASA ... especially using newly available toxicity test methods. Structure of Study Team for Nano-Associated Security Assessment (RT- ... dermal toxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicities through numerous exposure routes (oral administration, intravenous ...

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NCSA researchers identify biomarkers to accelerate liver toxicity testing in new products , News , Industry National Center for ... Even with careful and extensive testing, some consumers may encounter toxicity-related health issues years later after an FDA- ... NCSA researchers identify biomarkers to accelerate liver toxicity testing in new products. 12.18.20 - Permalink ... Food and Drug Administration toxicity standards before being allowed on the market. Often, these tests require a lot of ...

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In the current global regulatory climate favorable for further advancement of in vitro test methods, the US Environmental ... DPRA , Eye Irritation Test , h-CLAT , Integrated Testing Strategies , Ocular , Sensitization , Skin Irritation Test , Skin ... Home > News & Resources > News & Events > Momentum Grows for Modernizing the US EPA "Six-pack" Battery of Acute Toxicity Tests ... 1a: The US EPA battery of acute toxicity tests. The blue dotted lines in association with the blue framed boxes indicate ...

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Direct Sediment Toxicity Test, Direct Sediment Genotoxicity Test ... Toxicity Testing. EBPI offers toxicity testing kits with test ... Mutagenicity Testing. EBPI offers a full line of mutagenicity (Ames) tests to detect direct DNA damage in both 96 well or 384 ... Sediment Toxicity Tests. Soil and sediment contamination is a significant toxicological problem that has been extensively ... Genotoxicity Testing. EBPI offers genotoxicity tests for primary response of genetic damage using the SOS and the umuC assays. ...

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Test Kits, TOC Detectors / Nitrogen Analyzers, Total Organic Carbon, Toxicity Testing, Turbidimeters, Ultrasonic Level Sensor, ... Categories: Toxicity Testing. * Air Monitoring Systems, Biofilters, Burner / Flares, Enclosures, Fans / Blowers, Fiberglass ... Categories: Toxicity Testing. State: Michigan, Kansas, Indiana. Clear all filters... *. ... Pathogen Testing, Reed Beds, Septage Handling, Sludge Collectors, Sludge Incineration, Sludge Mixers / Thickeners, Sludge ...

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Short-term toxicity tests for non-genotoxic effects. Title Short-term toxicity tests for non-genotoxic effects. Statement of ... link.bu.edu/portal/Short-term-toxicity-tests-for-non-genotoxic/4GDMPPNjK4U/,Short-term toxicity tests for non-genotoxic ... link.bu.edu/portal/Short-term-toxicity-tests-for-non-genotoxic/4GDMPPNjK4U/,Short-term toxicity tests for non-genotoxic ... Short-term toxicity tests for non-genotoxic effects, edited by Philippe Bourdeau [and others]. Instantiates * Short-term ...

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Learn more about Toxicity on our Behavioral research blog: interesting publications, events, facts, or innovations. ... Testing PCBs toxicity - behavior in zebrafish and their offspring. PCBs are synthetic molecules that were used in transformers ... Open field test Main products. Human behavior research. Viso The Observer XT FaceReader TrackLab Cube Labs Data acquisition ... Ethics in animal testing Ethics in face reading Security legislation Viso In the press: RBF News & press Legal. Privacy policy ...

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Bernhard Ellinger Using drug repurposing to identify inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 cellular toxicity in vitro ... Silvana Verdiani New ELISA Kit for Serological Testing for SARS COV-2 Infection. ... Bernhard Ellinger Using drug repurposing to identify inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 cellular toxicity in vitro. ... Bernhard Ellinger Using drug repurposing to identify inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 cellular toxicity in vitro ...

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Towards the Replacement of in vivo Repeated Dose Systemic Toxicity Testing ... SEURAT-1 - Towards the Replacement of in vivo Repeated Dose Systemic Toxicity Testing. ...

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Biologists create better method to culture cells for testing drug toxicity 3 days ago - By ScienceDaily ...

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Biocompatibility Hyper-sensitivity Test. i. Biocompatibility Skin Irritation Test. i. Biocompatibility Cyto-toxicity Test. ...

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Lentivector Iterations and Pre-Clinical Scale-Up/Toxicity Testing: Targeting Mobilized CD34+ Cells for Correction of Fabry ... Lentivector Iterations and Pre-Clinical Scale-Up/Toxicity Testing: Targeting Mobilized CD34+ Cells for Correction of Fabry ...

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Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, anticoagulant and in vitro toxicity and genotoxicity testing of methanolic and juice ... Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, anticoagulant and in vitro toxicity and genotoxicity testing of methanolic and juice ... Genotoxicity was studied with the bacterial Vitotox test and the alkaline comet assay involving human C3A liver cells. The ... Genotoxicity was studied with the bacterial Vitotox test and the alkaline comet assay involving human C3A liver cells. The ...

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An important point is the physico-chemical characterisation of the test material according to the endpoint studied (e.g. ... Nano(geno)toxicity of nanoparticles symposium in association with EEMS at ICEM 2009 meeting. ... The forum expanded on the problems associated with genotoxicity testing of nanomaterials, and elucidated possible genotoxic ... Knowledge of the mechanism of genotoxicity should support the rationale of genotoxicity testing of ENM. ...

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... power of the test 30%). However, the fact is that within 90 days, a chronic toxicity has a maximum chance of giving rise to a ... Credits: Acid Test uses WordPress. Spam filtering and general junk defense by Akismet and Anti-leech. Rotating banner images ... This [hepatorenal toxicity] can be due to the new pesticides (herbicide or insecticide) present specifically in each type of GM ... In this case the probability of not detecting a medium size effect [3] (0.5 SD for a t test for instance) is about 70% ( ...

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Understand what a whole effluent toxicity (WET) test is. Level: Intermediate; working knowledge of subject matter / journeyman ... Reference an extensive tool-set for whole effluent toxicity troubleshooting.. *Develop a troubleshooting plan that best fits ... extensive troubleshooting measures that were developed from failure of the facilitys annual whole effluent toxicity testing. ...

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Children are regularly exposed to dozens, if not hundreds, of chemicals; most of them have not been tested for toxicity.5,18 ... Lead toxicity in the 21st century: will we still be treating it? Pediatrics. 1992;89(4 pt 1):678-680pmid:1372971. ... Early drug discovery and the rise of pharmaceutical chemistry. Drug Test Anal. 2011;3(6):337-344pmid:21698778. ... Lead was one of the first blood tests to be used in NHANES. The figure showing blood lead levels plummeting from 1976 to 1980, ...

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Biological test method. Toxicity test using luminescent bacteria (photobacterium phosphoreum) /. 1992. 7. Cadmium in the ... Biological test method. Test for survival and growth in sediment using spionid polychaete worms (Polydora cornuta) /. 2001. ...

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Urinalysis is an essential test for evaluating kidney function. Whenever blood is collected for a chemistry profile, a urine ... To view our reports for certain tests below and to obtain more information about the individual components of each test, click ... Fanconis syndrome and aminoglycoside toxicity (urinary GGT). ... Testing*Tests & Fees - Order Tests. *Forms & Submission ... Test Components Specimen Requirements Comments Routine urinalysis Color, turbidity, dipstick (pH, TP, glucose, ketones, ...

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Biological test method. Toxicity test using luminescent bacteria (photobacterium phosphoreum) /. 1992. 4. Case study research ... The Selection of doses in chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity studies ; Age associated (geriatric) pathology, its impact on long- ...

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Oz actually waged by biotech mafia; plot to destroy Oz launched after episode on glyphosate toxicity went viral ... Get independent news alerts on natural cures, food lab tests, cannabis medicine, science, robotics, drones, privacy and more. ... Oz discussed the toxicity of the biotech industrys favorite pesticide "glyphosate" -- a dangerous chemical that even the World ... Oz actually waged by biotech mafia; plot to destroy Oz launched after episode on glyphosate toxicity went viral. Reprinting ...

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Improved Sea Urchin DNA-Based Embryo Growth Toxicity Test.. 1986. 12. Measurement of atmospheric sulfates : literature search ...

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Ambient toxicity testing in Chesapeake Bay : year 5 report /. 1998. 2. Amoco/Environmental Protection Agency Pollution ... Field validation of multi-species laboratory test systems for estuarine benthic communities. 1987. ...

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... proficiency testing programs, anaerobic gas generators, specimen swabs and transports, dilution vials, QC microorganisms, ... The company s product offering includes: culture media, rapid test kits, stains, reagents, dehydrated culture media, molecular ... Each lot is meticulously tested for pH, sterility, fill volume, and toxicity. ... Each lot is meticulously tested for pH, sterility, fill volume, and toxicity. ...

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Given the toxicity varies between batches there would be an expectation of testing for safety regardless.. If safety testing is ... Cosmetic testing on animals in the UK has ended.. But not testing FOR the UK ..... moving the testing off shore is not a win ... But not testing FOR the UK ..... moving the testing off shore is not a win since the testing then does not have to meet the ... But not testing FOR the UK ..... moving the testing off shore is not a win since the testing then does not have to meet the ...

http://www.envirolink.org/forum/viewtopic.php?p=180676

With regard to repeated-dose toxicity tests, reproductive toxicity tests, and toxicokinetics, the marketing prohibition applies ... With regard to repeated-dose toxicity tests, reproductive toxicity tests, and toxicokinetics, the marketing prohibition applies ... With regard to repeated-dose toxicity tests, reproductive toxicity tests, and toxicokinetics, the marketing prohibition applies ... to allow the sale of products and ingredients which require toxicity testing? Toxicity testing is currently performed on ...

http://www.envirolink.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=17255&sid=a7c65da77064bd742940237ffa4cbf40&start=120

Sub-chronic toxicity (90-day): oral. Reproductive toxicity (pre-natal developmental toxicity). ... Previous Testing Proposals Previous Testing Proposals This page provides the list of testing proposal consultations for which ... The admissibility of any testing proposal will be concluded only after the third party consultation. Later during the testing ... There you can review the details of the testing proposed and other information on the substance that is subject to the testing ...

https://www.echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/testing-proposals/previous/outcome?diss=true&search_criteria_ecnumber=204-445-3&search_criteria_casnumber=121-03-9&search_criteria_name=4-nitrotoluene-2-sulphonic+acid

Lidocaine toxicity. Lidocaine is an anesthetic often administered with fluids injected during liposuction to help manage pain. ... Explore Mayo Clinic studies of tests and procedures to help prevent, detect, treat or manage conditions. ... Although generally safe, in rare circumstances, lidocaine toxicity can occur, causing serious heart and central nervous system ... You may also need to get certain lab tests before your procedure. ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/liposuction/about/pac-20384586

Get a pregnancy test as directed by your prescriber. * Receive counseling from the pharmacy on the benefits and risks of ... For females (adult and children) who can get pregnant: counsel on the embryo-fetal toxicity with exposure to POMALYST and her ... For males (adult and children): Counsel the patient on the embryo-fetal toxicity with exposure to POMALYST and additional safe- ... Receive counseling from the pharmacy on the embryo-fetal toxicity with exposure to POMALYST; contraception requirements; ...

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/rems/index.cfm?event=IndvRemsDetails.page&REMS=41

ASTM E1525 - 02(2014) Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments ... Determination of toxicity of fresh water sediments using Hyalella azteca * BS ISO 16191:2013 Water quality. Determination of ... Determination of fresh water sediment toxicity to Heterocypris incongruens (Crustacea, Ostracoda) Status : Confirmed, Current ... Determination of fresh water sediment toxicity to Heterocypris incongruens (Crustacea, Ostracoda). ...

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Based on the type of assay used, in vitro technique is further divided into enzyme toxicity assays, bacterial toxicity assays, cell-based ELISA and western blots, tissues culture assays, receptor binding assays, and other assays. (medgadget.com)
This includes interpreting study data relative to children's health and developmental and reproductive toxicity for standard-setting and risk/safety assessment, screening assays for endocrine disruptors, quantitative benchmark dose analysis and risk assessment, and designing and interpreting mechanistic studies to address potential susceptibility in human fetuses and infants. (exponent.com)
The new strategy for chemical toxicity testing and modeling is to use in vitro human cell-based assays in conjunction with quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) technology, to identify molecular mechanisms and predict in vivo responses. (bionity.com)
This type of lineage-specific toxicity cannot be determined using in vitro assays, such as the colony-forming unit granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) assay. (taconic.com)
Although single organ specific toxicity assays have already been commercialised, it is not yet possible to assess toxicity in the three main organs (brain, heart and liver) in the same animal. (nc3rs.org.uk)
In this webinar, you'll learn from hematopoietic expert Dr. Jackie Damen about the importance of hematotoxicity testing in drug development and how hematopoietic colony forming unit (CFU) assays can be applied in toxicity testing to assist in the successful screening of your small molecule compounds and biologics. (stemcell.com)
The long-term vision is to include this in vitro test in a battery of in silico and in vitro assays that can be used in an integrated testing strategy, providing comprehensive information on biological endpoints relevant to inhalation exposure to nanomaterials to be used in the hazard ranking of substances in the risk-assessment process. (nanowerk.com)
They pin big hopes on high-throughput human cell-based assays that would replace slow and costly in vivo animal studies for evaluating chemical toxicity. (acs.org)
The assays segment is further classified as a cell based ELISA and western blots, bacterial toxicity assay, enzyme toxicity assay, receptor binding assay and tissue culture assay. (sbwire.com)
Hepatocytes are used in plated formats when drugs are poorly metabolised in short-term suspension assays, or when mechanistic data regarding drug-drug interactions and mechanistic toxicity is needed. (ddw-online.com)
Despite a strong need both from authorities and consumers, to date there is no efficient assays to evaluate the short and long term toxicity of the electronic cigarette (e‑cigarette). (proanima.fr)

The authors summarize the findings of the Reproductive Subcommittee of the Oligonucleotide Safety Working Group (OSWG) in the article "Considerations for Assessment of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Oligonucleotide-Based Therapeutics. (medindia.net)
Dr. John M. DeSesso recently authored an opinion that explores the future of developmental toxicity testing and how this will impact safety testing. (exponent.com)
This Test Guideline describes a method to estimate the developmental toxicity of a test chemical to the dung dwelling life stages of dung-dependent dipteran species. (oecd.org)

Ocular toxicity testing, one of the four most commonly conducted product safety tests, is conducted to identify ocular corrosives (substances that cause permanent eye tissue damage) and ocular irritants (substances that cause temporary eye tissue damage). (nih.gov)
NICEATM reviewed a validation study conducted by the OptiSafe test method developer, Lebrun Labs, and concluded that the study data indicated that the OptiSafe method compared favorably to other in vitro ocular toxicity testing methods. (nih.gov)
In 2012, ICCVAM recommended a procedure based on this analysis that uses 50% to 83% fewer animals than accepted testing procedures and harmonizes the number of animals used for ocular toxicity testing across U.S. regulatory agencies and international test guidelines. (nih.gov)
The workshop identified best practices for chemical and product ocular toxicity testing using methods and approaches that replace, reduce, and refine animal use. (nih.gov)
Despite progress in alternative ocular toxicity test method development, no alternative test method has been adopted by regulatory authorities as a complete replacement for the in vivo rabbit eye test. (nih.gov)
Cosmetics and household products segment is the highest revenue contributor to this market owing to increase in adoption in various applications, such as to detect dermal toxicity, systemic toxicity, and ocular toxicity. (medgadget.com)
The application segments are systemic toxicity, carcinogenicity, skin sensitization and irritation, neurotoxicity, dermal toxicity, ocular toxicity and organ toxicity The method segments includes biochemical, in silico methods and ex vivo model. (sbwire.com)

Several federal agencies have unveiled a new high-speed robot screening system that will test 10,000 different chemicals for potential toxicity. (environmentalleader.com)
Tox21 has already screened more than 2,500 chemicals for potential toxicity using robots and other chemical screening technologies. (environmentalleader.com)
In November, it was announced that the U.S. EPA ToxCast screening program had screened 1,000 chemicals for potential toxicity to people and the environment. (environmentalleader.com)
Screening for potential toxicity as early as possible may help you select the relevant lead candidates to advance in the drug development process. (stemcell.com)
Produced using time-lapse photography, this video shows a new high-speed robot screening system being built that will test 10,000 different chemicals for potential toxicity. (genome.gov)
Bethesda, Md. , Thurs., March 10, 2011 - Several federal agencies, including the National Institutes of Health, today unveiled a new high-speed robot screening system that will test 10,000 different chemicals for potential toxicity. (genome.gov)
The fact is that today there is no obligation to assess the potential toxicity of volatile products (deodorant, fragrance, etc…), and when testing is done, it usually involves laboratory animals whose respiratory system is far different from the human one. (proanima.fr)

The strain of Hyalella azteca (Saussure: Amphipoda) commonly used for aquatic toxicity testing in the US has been shown to perform poorly in some standardized reconstituted waters frequently used for other test species. (environmental-expert.com)
5.3 Toxicity tests with rotifers of the genus Brachionus are more easily performed than with many other aquatic animals because of their rapid reproduction, short generation times, sensitivity ( 34 ) , and the commercial availability of rotifer cysts. (astm.org)
Obtaining test animals from cysts greatly reduces some of the major problems in routine aquatic toxicological testing such as the limited availability of test animals and the inconsistency of sensitivity over time. (astm.org)
The convenience of an off-the-shelf source of test animals that require no pre-conditioning is likely to permit new applications of aquatic toxicity tests. (astm.org)
A Task Force set up by the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) has provided new insights into scientific testing for the impact of undissolved particles in the aquatic environment. (bionity.com)
5.8 Results of three-brood toxicity tests with C. dubia might be an important consideration when assessing the hazards of materials to aquatic organisms (see Guide E1023 ), or when deriving water quality criteria for aquatic organisms. (astm.org)
In this study, we have established local and global QSTR (quantitative structure-toxicity relationship) and ISC QSAAR (interspecies correlation quantitative structure activity-activity relationship) models for predicting the toxicities of pesticides in multiple aquatic test species using the toxicity data in crustacean ( Daphnia magna , Americamysis bahia , Gammarus fasciatus , and Penaeus duorarum ) and fish ( Oncorhynchus mykiss and Lepomis macrochirus ) species in accordance with the OECD guidelines. (rsc.org)
The results suggest for the appropriateness of the developed QSTR/QSAAR models to reliably predict the aquatic toxicity of structurally diverse pesticides in multiple test species and can be used for the screening and prioritization of new pesticides. (rsc.org)
For conventional risk assessment of single substances, these PECs would be compared to PNECs based on aquatic toxicity testing. (cefic-lri.org)
Aquatic toxicity data for UVCBs can be generated from testing known individual components or testing water accommodated fractions (WAFs) generated from the whole substance. (cefic-lri.org)
The equilibrium partitioning (EqP) method provides a framework for interpreting toxicity data in soil, sediment, and aquatic exposures. (cefic-lri.org)
Application of EqP framework to extrapolate from aquatic toxicity data to the sediment compartment for very hydrophobic chemicals is limited by the lack of reliable empirical sediment toxicity data to validate this approach. (cefic-lri.org)
Aquatic toxicity testing of sparingly soluble, volatile, and unstable substances and interpretation and use of data. (nextbio.com)

Acute systemic toxicity tests identify chemicals that could cause illness or death after a single exposure. (nih.gov)
Webinars in this 2016 series explored and discussed alternative approaches that could replace, reduce, or refine the use of animals for identifying chemicals that may cause acute systemic toxicity when inhaled. (nih.gov)
A variety of available alternative test methods can reliably identify potential cytotoxicants, but none can single-handedly assess the multiple mechanisms of acute systemic toxicity following inhalation exposure. (nih.gov)
For instance, it was recommended that along with other information (decrease in body weight, systemic toxicity, etc.), data should be obtained on lung burdens and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis to assist in establishing the chronic exposure levels. (cdc.gov)
Some tests are also useful to check if the entity has toxic potentials such as genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and systemic toxicity. (medgadget.com)

The recent RIFM/ECETOC UVCB Workshop ( 02-04 November 2016, Florida, USA) highlighted the need to account for complex substance exposure and fate in order to perform more relevant toxicity testing, and raised questions on the impact this type of testing would have on risk assessment outcomes (Salvito and Galay-Burgos, 2017). (cefic-lri.org)
In the recent times, the global market for China in vitro toxicity testing market research report 2017 has surfaced as one of the most promising markets in the pharmaceutical industry, thanks to the significant rise in research and development activities by leading vendors of China in vitro toxicity testing market research report 2017 across the world. (qyresearchreports.com)
Manufacturers have turned to technological innovations and data-driven customization to satisfy the augmenting consumer demand for efficiency and more accuracy in results, leading to an increased usage of technology in the China in vitro toxicity testing market research report 2017 production processes, which is also reflecting positively on the growth of this market. (qyresearchreports.com)
The research report on the China in vitro toxicity testing market research report 2017 is an analytical study which comprehensively analyzes the competitive framework of this market. (qyresearchreports.com)
Using a number of effective assessment tools, such as porter's five forces and value chain analysis, it performs in-depth analyses of the production and supply as well as the demand and sales of China in vitro toxicity testing market research report 2017 and provides deep insights into the future prospects of this market. (qyresearchreports.com)
The study begins with a detailed overview of the market for China in vitro toxicity testing market research report 2017, including the definition, classification, and industry chain structure of China in vitro toxicity testing market research report 2017, and move forward to cover every aspect of this market, counting several criteria based on which the market is classified. (qyresearchreports.com)
With chemical industry undergoing a phase of technological disruption, innovations in products are likely to shape the future of the China in vitro toxicity testing market research report 2017. (qyresearchreports.com)
Further, it offers an estimation of the market size in terms of value (US$) and in volume (kilo tons) and talks about the key segments and the geographical subdivisions of the market for China in vitro toxicity testing market research report 2017 in details. (qyresearchreports.com)
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The predominant applications of the China in vitro toxicity testing market research report 2017 have also been discussed at length in this research study. (qyresearchreports.com)
With all these analyses and information, this report can act as a valuable guide to readers looking to gain a clear understanding of all the factors that are influencing the market for China in vitro toxicity testing market research report 2017 at present and are projected to remain doing so over the forecast period. (qyresearchreports.com)

Testing results will provide information useful for evaluating if these chemicals have the potential to disrupt human body processes enough to lead to adverse health effects. (environmentalleader.com)
Methods for measuring toxicity or respiratory activity of microbial cultures can be used as tools for assessing the presence of chemicals and their impact on the streams. (environmental-expert.com)
The center is integrating computing and information technologies with clinical and pathological endpoints to create a systems-modeling approach to predict toxicity of new chemicals and nanomaterials. (uml.edu)
1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the acute toxicity of chemicals and aqueous effluents released into fresh, estuarine, or marine waters. (astm.org)
Which means that many chemicals which are now considered to be "non-toxic", in various regards, may have effects completely undetected by the most-commonly used toxicity tests. (planetsave.com)
Abstract Toxicity testing is essential for the protection of human health from exposure to toxic environmental chemicals. (bionity.com)
The OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals is a collection of about 150 of the most relevant internationally agreed testing methods used by government, industry and independent laboratories to identify and characterise potential hazards of chemicals. (oecd-ilibrary.org)
A major task of the forensic toxicologist is toxicity testing and the identification of toxicants, such as chemicals, drugs, and poisons, in biological material. (forensicpanel.com)
The system marks the beginning of a new phase of an ongoing collaboration, referred to as Tox21, that is working to protect human health by improving how chemicals are tested in the United States. (genome.gov)
Tox21 merges existing agency resources (research, funding, and testing tools) to develop ways to more effectively predict how chemicals will affect human health and the environment. (genome.gov)
A thorough analysis and prioritization process from more than 200 public databases of chemicals and drugs used in the United States and abroad was conducted to select the initial 10,000 chemicals for testing. (genome.gov)
The addition of this new robot system will allow the National Toxicology Program to advance its mission of testing chemicals smarter, better, and faster," said Linda Birnbaum, Ph.D., NIEHS and NTP director. (genome.gov)
The safety assessment processes require the toxicity data of chemicals in multiple test species and thus, emphasize the need for computational methods capable of toxicity prediction in multiple test species. (rsc.org)
To test whether chemicals are toxic to humans, researchers need to use liver cells that have been freshly harvested from mice or other mammals. (bio-medicine.org)
They write: "We believe that the MMH-GH cell lines provide a cheap, reproducible, rapid, reliable and ethically acceptable tool," for assessing the toxicity of chemicals. (bio-medicine.org)
These low concentrations of the chemicals would not have been picked up by current toxicity-testing methods, which brand a chemical as 'toxic' only if it kills liver cells. (bio-medicine.org)
Recent innovations in human cell culture exposure and test systems has allowed the development ofin vitro assay systems that are predictive, representative and suitable for toxicity screening of a diverse range of chemicals including airborne materials and nanomaterials (NMs). (edu.au)
Sediment toxicity testing is often required under international chemicals management regulations, but it is challenging to select appropriate test methodologies/parameters to obtain reliable and meaningful results for very hydrophobic chemicals. (cefic-lri.org)
Tests are usually performed at very elevated concentrations exceeding the sorptive capacity of the media and without proper equilibration of dosed sediment phase and water phase, and it is difficult to obtain homogeneous distribution of the tested chemicals in sediment. (cefic-lri.org)
The objective of this project is to develop additional guidance on sediment toxicity testing methods for very hydrophobic chemicals in sediments that ensure reproducibility and realism in the test results to support product risk assessments [ 2 ]. (cefic-lri.org)
Testing should characterise the impact of study design parameters on toxicity results for very hydrophobic chemicals. (cefic-lri.org)
Corrosive chemicals possess physical toxicity because they destroy tissues, but they're not directly poisonous unless they interfere directly with biological activity. (wikipedia.org)

Testing for presence of toxic compounds is an important step during the development of new products such as drugs, cosmetics, and food additives, which can save both time and developmental costs as well as reduce the probability of failure during later stages. (medgadget.com)
In vitro toxicity testing is a procedure that helps examine the presence of these toxic compounds over an isolated part of the organism. (medgadget.com)
Toxicity testing is one type of biological monitoring that can be used to identify possible effects of toxic contaminants. (usgs.gov)
Indoor air quality testing for toxic gases - level of toxicity of gases. (inspectapedia.com)
Toxic Gas Exposure Screenining Tests. (inspectapedia.com)
Mmechanical systems such as heating system-produced carbon monoxide or flue gases, fire damage, or contamination from nearby industrial, beauty parlor, dry cleaning, or other activities which often produce noxious or toxic odors and gases are also tested. (inspectapedia.com)
To test their system the researchers added toxic arsenic and cadmium compounds to the cells and then looked for human growth hormone in the culture media. (bio-medicine.org)
To determine the potential risks involved, screening tests are needed to monitor wastewater for potential toxic contaminants. (scielo.org.za)
Technical note on oxygen toxicity: What about too much oxygen in air: While high levels, even 100% oxygen are used for medical purposes in some cases (hyperbaric oxygen patients breathe 100% O2 at pressures above 2 to 2.4 ATM for 40-60 minutes),breathing high levels of oxygen can be toxic for humans and other animals. (inspectapedia.com)
Unlike animal testing, this novel method enables the assessment of potentially toxic substances on tissue in real time. (technologynetworks.com)
Tests that accurately measure levels of over 300 potentially toxic substances commonly found in our everyday lives are now available to the public following the launch of Lastinghealth. (globalbankingandfinance.com)
Available to order online, Lastinghealth offer three separate tests: toxic non-metal chemical, urinary organic acids and toxic and essential element hair test. (globalbankingandfinance.com)
The coverage of the review includes the nature and types of fires, biological effects, explanations of combustion toxicity, toxic hazard, risk and life threat, and methods for their measurement or evaluation. (chemtec.org)
Because individuals typically have different levels of response to the same dose of a toxic substance, a population-level measure of toxicity is often used which relates the probabilities of an outcome for a given individual in a population. (wikipedia.org)

Most such predictions are based on the results of acute toxicity tests, and so the usefulness of the results of a three-brood toxicity test with C. dubia might be greatly increased by also reporting the results of an acute toxicity test (see Guides E729 and E1192 ) conducted under the same conditions. (astm.org)

Our collaboration will help to identify and embrace scientifically sound and robust new testing approaches, ensuring that safety assessments are never compromised, while at the same time reduce the need for animal testing. (opposingviews.com)
2018. Alternative approaches for acute inhalation toxicity testing to address global regulatory and non-regulatory data requirements: An international workshop report. (nih.gov)
More than 40 scientists from international regulatory agencies, academia, nongovernmental organizations, and industry attended a workshop organized to develop recommendations for advancing new approaches for acute inhalation toxicity testing. (nih.gov)
These inform both essential testing needs to be addressed by alternative approaches and opportunities for existing information to enable waivers of required testing. (nih.gov)
Additivity approaches may be useful for estimating toxicity of mixtures. (nih.gov)
Integrated approaches to testing and assessment will be needed to use these systems in ways that address the breadth of mechanisms, ensure good coverage of the relevant chemical landscape, and leverage the collective strengths of these methods and complementary non-testing approaches. (nih.gov)
The EPA has recognized that the data produced by our laboratory is valuable and useful in their CompTox program efforts and will be used to develop predictive toxicity approaches. (uml.edu)
There is increasing recognition that new approaches are needed to bridge the gap between preclinical in vitro and in vivo testing to reduce costly late-stage attrition of new drugs. (nc3rs.org.uk)
Originally, there was not enough consideration of what approaches were chosen to assess toxicity in vitro . (nanowerk.com)
Toxicity-test approaches vary in their capacity to meet the needs of large-scale assessments of existing water quality. (usgs.gov)
One of the most informative approaches to toxicity testing is to combine biochemical tests with other test methods in a 'battery of tests' that is diversified enough to characterize different types of toxicants and different trophic levels. (usgs.gov)
Dr. Hajjar will be speaking about innovative approaches to preventing cardiac toxicity in new drugs at the World Pharmaceutical Congress in Philadelphia on May 12, 2008 when he gives a presentation entitled: "Evaluation of Cardiotoxicity of Novel Molecular Therapies. (bio-medicine.org)
The result is a collection that reveals the properties, strengths, and weaknesses that exist in the various approaches to bench test problems. (lovereading.co.uk)
Here we discuss how new in vitro approaches in both ADME and toxicity testing can be leveraged to increase efficiencies within the drug discovery pipeline to help companies take new drugs to the market in a faster manner, and potentially reducing costs. (ddw-online.com)
In this commentary, a framework for defining adverse effects is proposed for the emerging paradigm of toxicity testing in the 21st century-a paradigm that focuses on human cells, in vitro approaches, toxicity pathways, and high-throughput techniques. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
On the other hand, the approaches proposed for toxicity testing in the 21st century are nonapical, focused on human cells, in vitro approaches, toxicity pathways, and high-throughput techniques. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Workshop report: chronic inhalation toxicity and carcinogenicity testing of respirable fibrous particles. (cdc.gov)
On May 8-10, 1995, a workshop on chronic inhalation toxicity and carcinogenicity testing of respirable fibrous particles was held in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. (cdc.gov)
Meanwhile, several short-termin vitroandin vivostudies that may be useful to assess the relative potential of fibrous substances to cause lung toxicity/carcinogenicity have been identified. (cdc.gov)
Tests for chronic toxicity, including cumulative effects and for evidence of potential carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and teratogenicity. (oup.com)

Therefore, there are medical tests that can measure exposure and cadmium body burden as well as standard and specialized clinical tests to measure the health effects of cadmium exposure. (cdc.gov)
Evaluation for chronic cadmium exposure may also include a complete blood count to check for anemia and liver function tests. (cdc.gov)
Urinary cadmium levels do not rise significantly after acute exposure and are not useful for testing in the acute setting. (cdc.gov)
Because of the potential for sample contamination, hair levels are not reliable either as predictors of toxicity or as indicators of occupational exposure. (cdc.gov)
The short time exposure (STE) test is an in vitro test proposed for identifying ocular irritants. (nih.gov)
The test was meant to be an acute exposure toxicity test in which rats were given RoundUp by mouth for several days, and rabbits were exposed to RoundUp by skin. (infowars.com)
One was a test by German regulatory agencies in which they measured an 'Acceptable Daily Intake' (ADI) of the chemical, and another measured chronic toxicity based on exposure. (infowars.com)
The slow starvation effect observed under constant exposure to low levels of neonicotinoids is not detected by conventional toxicity tests, as they are not carried out over a period of several weeks. (planetsave.com)
This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to test substance via oral administration. (oecd-ilibrary.org)
The goal of the workshop was to make specific recommendations on the design of this in vitro test, including cell types, endpoints, exposure systems, and dosimetry considerations required to develop the in vitro model. (nanowerk.com)
Signs and symptoms of toxicity correlate with route of exposure, specific element forms, and type of exposure, whether acute or chronic. (arupconsult.com)
ARUP Laboratories offers element exposure testing for a variety of specimen types, as well as panel testing for common heavy metals. (arupconsult.com)
Ambient testing, whereby the test organism is exposed to naturally occurring substances that contain toxicant mixtures in an organic or inorganic matrix, is more likely to meet these needs than are procedures that call for exposure of the test organisms to known concentrations of a single toxicant. (usgs.gov)
A three-brood toxicity test is conducted to help determine changes in survival and the number of neonates produced that result from exposure to the test material. (astm.org)
5.3 Results of three-brood toxicity tests with C. dubia might be used to predict chronic or partial chronic effects on species in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions. (astm.org)
1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining data concerning the adverse effects of an effluent or a test material (added to dilution water, but not to food) on Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard 1894, during continuous exposure throughout a portion of the organism's life. (astm.org)
Standardised protocols for sediment testing, for example adapted spiking protocols and the use of passive sampling techniques to quantify exposure concentrations and account for bioavailability, could potentially help in the improved design, conduct and interpretation of sediment toxicity testing with these substances. (cefic-lri.org)
For toxicity testing of airborne particles, air-liquid interface (ALI) exposure systems have been developed for in vitro tests in order to mimic realistic exposure conditions. (jove.com)
Validation of the dynamic direct exposure method for toxicity testing " by Lucky Joeng, Amanda Hayes et al. (edu.au)
The results suggest that the dynamic direct exposure method has the potential to be implemented for both laboratory- and field-based in vitro toxicity studies of diesel exhaust emissions. (edu.au)
This document discusses the toxicity and exposure limits for exposure to oxygen gas O 2 ). (inspectapedia.com)
Toxicity of excessive oxygen will depend on the oxygen level, the duration of exposure (breathing it), and individual characteristics). (inspectapedia.com)

Zbinden G, Flury-Roversi M (1981) Significance of the LD 50 -Test for the toxicological evaluation of chemical substances. (springer.com)
ICCVAM concluded that the performance of the other four test methods must be improved before they can be used in regulatory safety testing to identify substances that may cause nonsevere eye injuries or that do not require eye irritation hazard labeling. (nih.gov)
Abstract Currently, toxicological testing of food contact materials (FCMs) is focused on single substances and their genotoxicity. (bionity.com)
Indoor Air Investigation Tests for substances in gas form. (inspectapedia.com)
Gas detector tubes , used with a special calibrated Sensidyn™ or Drager™ pump [3] provide specific, accurate tests for the presence of target substances at the moment of testing. (inspectapedia.com)
Ten of these gases and substances produced by burning common materials found in buildings are addressed by the Draeger Simultaneous Test Sets I and II. (inspectapedia.com)
The Draeger Simultaneous Test Sets screen for these specific substances in the immediate vicinity. (inspectapedia.com)
This partnership builds upon FDA's commitment to developing new methods to evaluate the toxicity of the substances that we regulate," said Janet Woodcock, M.D., director of the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. (genome.gov)
It is known that UVCB substances cannot be sufficiently identified by their chemical composition, which creates the complications for testing using standard guideline methodologies. (cefic-lri.org)
This book works with four bench test problems that were taken from real bioassay data for hazardous substances currently under study by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (lovereading.co.uk)
With the help of those systems Reif tries to identify hepatotoxic substances without animal testing. (ifado.de)
In addition, water solubility limits (in sediment pore-water) for hydrophobic substances might be reached at relatively low test concentrations, thereby hampering the determination of reliable concentration response curves. (cefic-lri.org)
It therefore makes sense to use liver cells to test the toxicity of substances. (technologynetworks.com)
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. (wikipedia.org)

Ultimate goals of this center are to eliminate the need for use of animals in the evaluation of chemical and nanomaterial toxicity and to help create a road map to responsible nanomanufacturing," says Rogers. (uml.edu)
Currently, small animal models are the gold standard for nanomaterial toxicity testing. (nanowerk.com)
This is creating a growing deficit in our understanding of nanomaterial toxicity, which fuels public apprehension towards nanotechnology. (nanowerk.com)
Dr. André Nel and his coworkers at the California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) and the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) are taking a fundamentally different approach to nanomaterial toxicity testing. (nanowerk.com)
Over the years, researchers have attempted to use in vitro assessment of nanomaterial toxicity to predict in vivo outcomes. (nanowerk.com)

A test method protocol describing specific procedures to prevent or minimize animal pain and distress is included in the ICCVAM report evaluating the use of anesthetics, analgesics, and humane endpoints during the in vivo eye test. (nih.gov)
CN Bio's extended portfolio of services offers solutions to many existing workflow challenges including: drug metabolism testing, to study the human metabolism of lead candidates, identify metabolites and correlation with cell health - even for low clearance compounds, and safety toxicity testing, to provide in-depth analysis of acute or chronic drug-induced liver injury using a wide range of endpoints to determine causality and mechanism of toxicity. (businesswire.com)
Then the possible impacts of the test chemical on the following measurement endpoints are assessed under controlled conditions: sex and total number of emerged adult flies, retardation of emergence indicated by the developmental rate and morphological change. (oecd.org)
Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints. (wikipedia.org)

Patients can be tested for DPD deficiency using a functional enzymatic assay that Mayo Clinic researchers have also developed. (medscape.com)
There also wouldn't be enough time or laboratories in the United States to begin to test all prospective 5-FU/capecitabine patients using their functional assay, he added. (medscape.com)
Toxicity assay carried out by using brine shrimps. (hindawi.com)
Results of testing fifteen glycol ethers in a short-term in vivo reproductive toxicity assay. (cdc.gov)
However, this assay does not recapitulate the intricacies of hematopoiesis in vivo , nor does it replace in vivo testing in mice. (taconic.com)
Thus, the in vitro test may not correlate with your animal test, meaning that you cannot make appropriate inferences from the cell death assay. (nanowerk.com)
The Aflatoxin B1 Food ELISA Kit is a quantitative test based on the principle of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. (rapidtest.com)
Glyphosate testing is conducted via the ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) method, which utilizes an antibody specific for glyphosate. (enviroscienceinc.com)

The study evaluated the safety of reclaimed water using health risk assessment and biotoxicity tests. (environmental-expert.com)
Meanwhile, additional toxicity tests conducted on glyphosate - the main ingredient in RoundUp - have been conducted in Europe, and by the Brussels-based advisor to NGOs on toxicity and risk assessment issues, Tony Tweedale has asked the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to disclose two more of these studies to the general public. (infowars.com)
Further development and validation of such test systems are crucial for evidence based safety evaluation and risk assessment of inhaled materials, nanomaterials and therapeutic products. (edu.au)
Personal care product preservatives: risk assessment and mixture toxicities with an industrial wastewater. (semanticscholar.org)

Early toxicity testing is used during clinical trials, where the toxicity of the compounds present in the test product is evaluated. (medgadget.com)
The authors note that, on the basis of their results, they cannot definitely label a given compound as safe or unsafe and that the compounds should be tested further, especially EGME, EGEE, and EGdiME which are known to be teratogenic in other studies. (cdc.gov)
The "product" is a package of services for: (1) testing and monitoring of nanomaterials that are discharged into the environment, (2) screening of new compounds before they are produced by industry, and (3) basic toxicology research. (epa.gov)
Although the general toxicity of these compounds is well known because they are routinely used in cosmetic and food industry, their specific toxicity associated with inhalation is poorly studied. (proanima.fr)
The toxicity of the model compounds was determined by using the Hydractinia echinata (Hydrozoa) test system. (ad-astra.ro)

Representatives from four international agencies, including the director of the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP), today signed a memorandum of cooperation that could reduce the number of animals required for consumer product safety testing worldwide. (opposingviews.com)
Applications for humanized mice in preclinical toxicology testing are gaining traction, in particular for hematoxicity and cytokine release syndrome. (taconic.com)
See Emergency Toxicology as an additional resource for testing information. (arupconsult.com)
Moreover, due to increase in the focus on reduction of drug development cost, ADME-Toxicology testing is projected to grow in the coming years. (sbwire.com)
We are working on in vitro -systems to reduce animal testing", says Dr. Raymond Reif, leader of the 'Visualizing Toxicology' junior group at the IfADo. (ifado.de)
All together, that project should result in the replacement of animals for e‑cigarette testing, and ultimately reduce the numbers of animals used for inhalation toxicology. (proanima.fr)

Sohal IS, O'Fallon KS, Gaines P, Demokritou P, Bello D. Ingested engineered nanomaterials: state of science in nanotoxicity testing and future research needs. (harvard.edu)
With little known about the toxicity of nanomaterials, predicting how particles might affect human health and the environment is necessary for the safe development of nano products. (uml.edu)
The current infrastructure and funding for animal testing is insufficient to support the evaluation of all nanomaterials currently in existence, let alone those that will be developed in the near future. (nanowerk.com)
One of the most common practices is to use the toxicity of nanomaterials in isolated cell cultures as a predictor of toxicity in similar cell types in the body. (nanowerk.com)
Nanowerk News ) Today, the PETA International Science Consortium Ltd. put out a request for proposal (RFP) to identify facilities that can develop an in vitro test that, when used in an integrated approach, has the potential to replace the current test conducted on animals to assess the inhalation toxicity of nanomaterials. (nanowerk.com)
This is an important development, and we believe microarrays and associated data analysis can be developed into the testing method for nanomaterials that the EPA seeks. (epa.gov)

Sediment tests have had limited application, but they are useful because most toxicants tend to accumulate in sediments and many test species either inhabit the sediments or are in frequent contact with them. (usgs.gov)
In the absence of a sensitive and general test for such a diverse group of toxicants, however, most of our water supplies are not analysed on a routine basis, and it is quite common that only comprehensive chemical analyses of water are conducted per several years. (berthold.com)

in pore water in replicate 96-h and 10-d sediment toxicity tests. (usgs.gov)
Testing at elevated concentrations may introduce neat substance into the sediment exposures that may confound interpretation of test results due to physical effects. (cefic-lri.org)
Ammonia tolerance of the bivalve Mulinia lateralis sublethal sediment toxicity test. (semanticscholar.org)
Toxicity of ammonia to surf clam (Spisula solidissima) larvae in saltwater and sediment elutriates. (semanticscholar.org)

A total of 9 plant extracts were tested, using two different kinds of extracting methods to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from Pilea microphylla (Urticaceae family) and including toxicity test. (hindawi.com)
The dynamism of the company can be seen from their constant challenging of the status quo to see if new and improved methods of water testing are possible. (environmental-expert.com)
Evaluation of test methods that reliably identify ocular corrosives and irritants while replacing, reducing, and refining animal use is a high priority for NICEATM and ICCVAM. (nih.gov)
The endorsement of several alternative testing methods by Federal agencies has provided regulated industries with important new tools for assessing potential eye injury hazards. (nih.gov)
The new test methods were the topic of a 2011 workshop organized by NICEATM and ICCVAM. (nih.gov)
In 2010, ICCVAM evaluated and developed recommendations for five in vitro test methods used to identify ocular irritants. (nih.gov)
The 2010 report on the ICCVAM evaluation of these test methods includes recommendations for future studies that could potentially improve these methods. (nih.gov)
The agreement between the United States, Canada, Japan and the European Union will yield globally coordinated scientific recommendations on alternative toxicity testing methods that should speed their adoption in each of these countries, thus reducing the number of animals needed for product safety testing. (opposingviews.com)
The agreement promotes enhanced international cooperation and coordination on the scientific validation of non- and reduced-animal toxicity testing methods. (opposingviews.com)
If the toxicity testing methods are shown to be reproducible based on strong scientific information, and able to accurately identify product related health hazards, the tests are more readily accepted by regulatory agencies. (opposingviews.com)
The memorandum covers three critical areas of test method evaluation: validation studies, independent scientific peer review meetings and reports, and development of test method recommendations for regulatory consideration," said Marilyn Wind, Ph.D., chair of the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods and a scientist at the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). (opposingviews.com)
It will speed the adoption of new test methods based on advances in science and technology that will provide more accurate predictions of safety or hazard. (opposingviews.com)
Animal welfare will also be improved by the national and international acceptance of alternative test methods that reduce, refine, and replace the use of animals. (opposingviews.com)
ICCVAM is working to promote the development and validation of alternative test methods. (opposingviews.com)
Alternative test methods are those that accomplish one or more of the 3Rs - reducing the number of animals used in testing, or refining procedures so animals experience less pain and distress, or replacing animals with non-animal systems. (opposingviews.com)
The big picture here is to be able to use laboratory-based high throughput screening methods to predict material and chemical toxicity," says Prof. Eugene Rogers, chair of the Department of Clinical Laboratories and Nutritional Sciences. (uml.edu)
The authors of the article, Jonathan G. Lundgren and Jian J. Duan of the USDA Agricultural Research Service, argue that pesticides and insect-resistant crops based on RNA interference, now in exploratory development, may have to be tested under elaborate procedures that assess effects on animals' whole life cycles, rather than by methods that look for short-term toxicity. (bio-medicine.org)
A wide variety of toxicity-test methods have been developed to fulfill the needs of diverse applications. (usgs.gov)
The methods differ primarily in the selections made relative to four characteristics: (1) test species, (2) endpoint (acute or chronic), (3) test-enclosure type, and (4) test substance (toxicant) that functions as the environmental stress. (usgs.gov)
Biochemical testing methods, which have been developing rapidly in recent years, are likely to be among the most useful procedures for large-scale water-quality assessments. (usgs.gov)
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., May 8 /PRNewswire/ -- In response to ever increasing cardiac toxicity found in market drugs, Gwathmey Preclinical Testing Services, Inc. today announced the launch of new Cardionomics(TM) services and the formation of its Cardionomics(TM) Advisory Board to provide new methods and technologies to improve cardiac safety of drug candidates. (bio-medicine.org)
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the sensitivity of two bacterial tests commonly used in metal toxicity screening - the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition test and the Pseudomonas putida growth inhibition test - in comparison to the standard acute Daphnia magna test, and to estimate applicability of the selected methods to the toxicity testing of environmental samples. (semanticscholar.org)
The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has issued a call for tenders for data collection for the European centre for the validation of alternative methods (ECVAM) database sector on non-animal reproductive toxicity testing. (timeshighereducation.com)
The contract will involve literature review, revision and updating of the database sector 'reproductive toxicity' of the ECVAM scientific information service on non-animal testing methods in biomedical sciences at any stage of development and validation. (timeshighereducation.com)
But many of these test methods still present problems. (technologynetworks.com)
In many cases, there are no other suitable methods of toxicity testing available. (technologynetworks.com)

Raw wastewater and treated sewage effluents were screened for cytotoxicity using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from cells as biomarker, for neurotoxicity using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and for genotoxicity using the Save Our Soul (SOS) test. (scielo.org.za)
Raw wastewater from all sewage treatment plants tested positive for genotoxicity. (scielo.org.za)

In fact, in 2018, the French Group on Clinical Pharmacology in Oncology recommended that physicians screen all patients for potential DPD deficiency to "red flag" those at potential risk for severe 5-FU toxicity. (medscape.com)
Liver toxicity is a principal safety concern during drug discovery and development, with the potential to terminate expensive clinical trials already underway. (businesswire.com)
These include tests on clinical drugs, foods, and environmental pollutants. (harvard.edu)
It is ready to be used in the clinical setting now, and, as both CD4 and CD8 showed similar results, we need test for CD8 only. (eurekalert.org)
Through CRACK IT Solutions, ZeClinics are collaborated with two companies, Noldus and Pivot Park Screening Centre and were awarded Solutions funding to validate the platform against compound sets with known preclinical and clinical toxicity data and are seeking to automate the complete procedure. (nc3rs.org.uk)
With the Solutions funding awarded the consortium validated the ZeGlobalTox platform against compound sets with known preclinical and clinical toxicity data. (nc3rs.org.uk)
Previous non ‐clinical safety testing, including rat repeat dose toxicity in adult and juvenile animals, rat reproductive toxicity and rabbit local tolerance studies showed no safety findings of concern. (medworm.com)
A new Good Laboratory Practice compliant rat subcutaneous repeat dose toxicity study to evaluate a higher clinical dose and modified posology (once every 2 weeks for 13 weeks) showed no signs of toxicity. (medworm.com)
This book focuses on efficacy, toxicity, drug interactions, and abnormal clinical laboratory tests resulting from the use of herbal remedies. (ovid.com)
The failure of safety prediction was pointed to species specificity issues, lack of mechanistic toxicity data and inadequate clinical trials. (rutgers.edu)
If ARUP Consult does not answer your test selection and interpretation questions, or if you'd like to suggest ways to improve content or usability, please leave a message for the ARUP clinical content team. (arupconsult.com)
A drug sensitivity test prior to clinical treatment is necessary for individualized cancer therapy. (rsc.org)
This study demonstrated that the microfluidic model might be a useful platform for individual drug tests prior to clinical treatment. (rsc.org)
Understanding the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) and toxicity of new drugs are key parts of the compound testing process, during preclinical and clinical trials, providing insights into the disposition of a pharmaceutical compound, including its safety and efficacy. (ddw-online.com)
In recent years, advances in the understanding of hepatocyte function, cell signalling, liver toxicity mechanisms and cell culture techniques have led to numerous advances in compound testing for both preclinical and clinical trial purposes. (ddw-online.com)

In addition to the tests listed above, laboratory studies for altered mental status may include serum osmolality, alcohol, and ketones. (medscape.com)
We've developed a laboratory method that provides quick and accurate results for use by nanomaterial manufacturers that may reduce the need for animal testing," says Rogers. (uml.edu)
Standard laboratory testing would detect no harm, but there could be ecological disruption in fields because of the effects on reproduction. (bio-medicine.org)
Current tests for liver toxicity require multiple steps, such as freezing and grinding tissue in a laboratory, which usually take days and require the use of laboratory equipment. (straitstimes.com)
To promote the microfluidic technology moving from the laboratory to the clinic, we developed a microfluidic-based perivascular tumor model that makes it possible to assess drug sensitivity in 3D cultured tumor spheroids and toxicity in endothelium in parallel. (rsc.org)
EA is also an approved laboratory for Dredged Material Toxicity Testing for USACE New England District. (eaest.com)
In an indoor air test (in our laboratory) this particular detector was not being used to measure oxygen, but rather carbon dioxide. (inspectapedia.com)

The early toxicity testing market experienced moderate growth in the recent years due to the replacement of in vivo models by in vitro models and technological advancement in in vitro and in silico techniques. (medgadget.com)
You need to align what you test at a cellular level with what you want to know at the in vivo ' says Nel. (nanowerk.com)
Stem cell derived in vivo-like human cardiac bodies in a microfluidic device for toxicity testing by beating frequency imaging. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Beating in vivo-like human cardiac bodies (CBs) were used in a microfluidic device for testing cardiotoxicity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
in vivo studies require a large number of expensive, time consuming and in some cases non humane tests in animal species. (edu.au)

Hunter WJ, Lingk W, Recht R (1979) Intercomparison study on the determination of single administration toxicity in rats. (springer.com)
Leguminosae) on blood testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), and toxicity in male rats. (nih.gov)

Tests that should be performed if cadmium inhalation is suspected. (cdc.gov)
Currently accepted guidelines for inhalation toxicity tests share core principles. (nih.gov)
Applying multiple path particle dosimetry may be helpful for estimating inhalation toxicity. (nih.gov)
and (iv) available screening tests which can be used to develop a minimum data set for (a) making decisions about the potential health hazard of the fibers and (b) prioritizing the need for further testing in a chronic inhalation study. (cdc.gov)
After extensive discussion and debate of the workshop issues, the general consensus of the expert panel is that chronic inhalation studies of fibers in the rat are the most appropriate tests for predicting inhalation hazard and risk of fibers to humans. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Ludovic Wiszniewski is CEO of Epithelix SàRL, a Swiss biotech dedicated to tissue engineering and to the development of in vitro inhalation testing. (proanima.fr)

Describe pulmonary function test findings associated with asbestosis. (cdc.gov)
It is nonspecific, and positive test findings only indicate presence of an amphetamine drug class. (medscape.com)
Confirmation by means of gas chromatography and/or mass spectrometry is strongly recommended when test findings are positive for amphetamines. (medscape.com)
An important aspect of the interpretation of toxicity test findings is the quantity of the chemical present in terms of tissue concentration or blood level. (forensicpanel.com)
However, later toxicity tests posed different findings. (enviroscienceinc.com)

Instead, based on the experience of accident investigators, we propose that a Toxicological Factors Analysis and Classification System will use the database resulting from the high-throughput toxicity testing of the future to develop a Taxonomy of Adverse Effects . (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

13-week oral toxicity study of lactitol (NS-4) in dogs followed by 4-week recovery test]. (curehunter.com)

Pesticide Action Network (PAN) Europe previously asked the German regulatory agencies to release the full range of long-term toxicity studies on glyphosate. (infowars.com)

The determination of sub-chronic oral toxicity using repeated doses may be carried out after initial information on toxicity has been obtained from acute or repeated dose 28-day toxicity tests. (oecd-ilibrary.org)
5.4 Results of three-brood toxicity tests with C. dubia might be compared with the chronic sensitivities of different species and the chronic toxicities of different materials, and to study the effects of various environmental factors on results of such tests. (astm.org)
5.5 Results of three-brood toxicity tests with C. dubia might be useful for predicting the results of chronic tests on the same test material with the same species in another water or with another species in the same or a different water. (astm.org)
In addition to conducting an acute test with unfed C. dubia , it might also be desirable to conduct an acute test in which the organisms are fed the same as in the three-brood test, to see if the presence of that concentration of that food affects the results of the acute test and the acute chronic ratio (see 10.4.1 ). (astm.org)
In addition, it is usually desirable to know the EC50 or LC50 before beginning the three-brood test, as a means to determine the concentrations for use in the chronic test (see 10.4.1 ). (astm.org)
It should be noted that results from an acute test may not necessarily correspond to those of a chronic test, due to the addition of food to the chronic test. (astm.org)
chronic toxicity tests' can also refer to. (oup.com)
In this project, we propose to evaluate for the first time the putative chronic toxicity of e‑cigarette constituents without animal experimentation. (proanima.fr)

An array of tests used to determine the toxicity of a substance to living systems. (harvard.edu)
The aim of this study was to validate and use screening tests to determine the toxicity of raw wastewater and treated sewage effluents from 3 sewage treatment plants in the Western Cape, South Africa. (scielo.org.za)

A similar assessment of toxicity would be very difficult or even impossible if all possible contaminants had to be determined separately. (berthold.com)

Touted as a "lab-in-a-needle", the new compact kit can take patient samples, prepare them for testing, evaluate toxicity and display the results in one simple process. (straitstimes.com)
It is a simplified version of the cytotoxicity testing systems that were used in compiling the National Institute of Environmental Health Science's Registry of Cytotoxicity, 2 and was recently used to evaluate the relative cytotoxicity of some of these readily available food products. (scielo.org.za)
1972) was applied evaluate the acute non-specific toxicity of 3 amalgams and 2 composite materials, in order to test both the materials' toxicity and the suitability of the method used. (uni-regensburg.de)
Researchers all over Europe are working on alternatives to animal testing that can be used to evaluate the adverse side-effects of medications. (technologynetworks.com)

Early Toxicity Testing Market is anticipated to reach $1,012 million by 2022, registering a CAGR of 7.3% during the forecast period, 2016 to 2022, according to a new report published by Allied Market Research. (medgadget.com)

To this end, the standard safety test design for this type of endpoint was developed in the mid-1960's and has changed little in the ensuing half-century. (exponent.com)
0.826, respectively between the measured and model predicted endpoint toxicity values in the test data. (rsc.org)

Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). (wikipedia.org)
The biological toxicity of pathogens can be difficult to measure because the "threshold dose" may be a single organism. (wikipedia.org)
Toxicity can be measured by its effects on the target (organism, organ, tissue or cell). (wikipedia.org)

SINGAPORE - Scientists here have developed a way of testing for liver toxicity in just an hour, shortening the wait for results that usually take days. (straitstimes.com)
When rolled out clinically, this could benefit cancer patients by quickly detecting liver toxicity, a common side effect of chemotherapy. (straitstimes.com)
They use biomarkers (genes) for liver toxicity. (straitstimes.com)
The scientists have successfully used both these chips to detect liver toxicity. (straitstimes.com)
Our new method significantly reduces time, manpower and costs and yet has the same accurate results as the gold standards of current liver toxicity tests. (straitstimes.com)

They are a set of tools for professionals, used primarily in regulatory safety testing and subsequent chemical and chemical product notification, chemical registration and in chemical evaluation. (oecd-ilibrary.org)
Multicenter Prospective Evaluation of a Predictive Test of Late Toxicities After Radiotherapy by the Rate of Radiation Induced CD8 T-Lymphocyte Apoptosis: Application to Breast and Prostate Cancers. (knowcancer.com)

ZeGlobalTox have created a new genetically modified line of zebrafish to drive the expression of unique fluorescent proteins in the three main organs (brain, heart and liver) enabling assessment of acute multi-organ toxicity and teratogenicity in the same animal. (nc3rs.org.uk)

Based on experimentation designed to monitor responses of organisms to environmental stresses, toxicity testing may have diverse purposes in water-quality assessments. (usgs.gov)
5.7 Results of three-brood toxicity tests with C. dubia can vary with temperature, quality and quantity of food, quality of the dilution water, condition of the test organisms, and other factors. (astm.org)

A method for the investigation of the acute toxicity of an unknown chemical substance, with an estimation on the LD 50 , is described. (springer.com)
OptiSafe is an in vitro test method in which a test substance is applied to a semipermeable membrane. (nih.gov)
The ambient test substance may be water or sediments. (usgs.gov)
It involves incubation of a specially developed Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain (PQ37) with the test substance of concern. (scielo.org.za)
Environmental toxicity information serves two roles in the assessment of a substance for environmental safety and regulatory requirements. (cefic-lri.org)
In order to quantify toxicity for classification purposes, the WAF method was developed, although data are considered of limited value for whole substance risk characterisation. (cefic-lri.org)
In order to lower this uncertainty, a coupled fate and effects approach is envisioned, where the biodegradation of a complex substance is investigated and subsequently toxicity testing is performed on the remaining sample/constituents. (cefic-lri.org)
It has to be ensured that all cells are equally exposed to the substance being tested. (technologynetworks.com)

Dear Reader: I need some Market Research about toxicant testing. (bio.net)
Acute toxicity is measured by exposing Brachionus newly hatched from cysts to a series of toxicant concentrations under controlled conditions. (astm.org)
Furthermore, because sensitivities among different species and test conditions can be highly variable, conclusions about the toxicant problems of an ecosystem are strongly dependent on the test procedure used. (usgs.gov)
The non-toxicity of methyl alcohol (a possible metabolite of aspartame) in this test system reflects the absence in the K-562 detector cells of enzymes that are able to oxidise it to formaldehyde, the active toxicant in comparable whole-body situations. (scielo.org.za)

ABSTRACT Field tests for the detection of lead in soil are not frequently accepted, since the tests are rather cumbersome or not reliable for screening determinations. (environmental-expert.com)

Large-Scale Assessment of the Zebrafish Embryo as a Possible Predictive Model in Toxicity Testing. (nc3rs.org.uk)

New consensus guidelines for toxicity testing that take into consideration the combined chemical and biological characteristics of these novel biopharmaceuticals are presented in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics , a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. publishers. (medindia.net)
The test chemical is mixed with bovine faeces, to which either 10 eggs of Scathophaga stercoraria or 10 larvae of Musca autumnalis are added. (oecd.org)
If the toxicity of the chemical is unknown, five nominal test concentrations should be conducted. (oecd.org)
The forensic toxicologists at The Forensic Panel possess the expertise from years of experience and leadership in their forensic science fields to examine the methodology of drug and chemical assessment and toxicity testing. (forensicpanel.com)
Toxicity-test results are most effective when used as a complement to chemical analyses, hydrologic measurements, and other biological monitoring. (usgs.gov)
However, meaningful interpretation of ambient test results depends on the existence of accompanying chemical analysis of the ambient media. (usgs.gov)
Introduced for use in effluent and ambient water evaluations, Ceriodaphnia have also been a valuable addition to single chemical test procedures. (astm.org)
The vision of the H2020-supported EU-ToxRisk project is to drive the required paradigm shift in toxicological testing away from 'black box' animal testing towards a toxicological assessment based on human cell responses and a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of cause-consequence relationships of chemical adverse effects. (ifado.de)

This scenario comes from France and concerns testing for deficiency of the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme or for certain polymorphisms of the DPYD gene that encodes for that enzyme. (medscape.com)

5.5.1 A 48 or 96-h EC50 or LC50 can sometimes be obtained from a three-brood toxicity test with a known test material, but often all the concentrations in the test will be below the EC50 or LC50. (astm.org)
A combination of low concentrations of these drugs presented a good curative effect on tumor cells and low toxicity to the HUVEC layer. (rsc.org)
Further, such tests may not be considered appropriate given the estimated environmental concentrations following emissions from typical use patterns. (cefic-lri.org)

A new home health test provider specialising in environmental pollutants and toxicity has been launched today. (globalbankingandfinance.com)

Furthermore, these drugs had lineage-specific toxicities, each differentially affecting human (hCD66b+) vs. mouse (mGr1+) neutrophils. (taconic.com)
Cardiac toxicity has played a major role in shutting down the sales of major drugs over the past 30 years. (bio-medicine.org)
With this new service, we will design and execute stronger preclinical studies to help eliminate the risk of cardiac safety issues in drugs before they hit the pipeline" said Dr. Judith Gwathmey, President and CSO of Gwathmey Preclinical Testing Services, Inc. (bio-medicine.org)
Among geographical regions, North America and Europe are the largest market for in vitro toxicity testing market due to rising in the demand for In vitro technologies and their easy adoption, increase in innovation of drugs, rising collaboration between foreign pharmaceutical companies and local research laboratories. (sbwire.com)
While it's still early, this is the first step toward opening up a whole new field of identifying cardioprotectants to reduce the toxicity of these drugs," Burridge said. (technologynetworks.com)

It can predict significantly the differences in radiation-induced late toxicity between patients, and could be used as a rapid screen for genetically hypersensitive patients. (eurekalert.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms5

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes2

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science1

Health Care7

Geographicals1

Preclinical safety evaluation of human gene therapy products. (1/1374)

The contribution of acute toxicity in animals to occupational exposure limits of chemical substances. (2/1374)

The marginalization of hormesis. (3/1374)

Chemical hormesis: its historical foundations as a biological hypothesis. (4/1374)

Serum vitellogenin levels and reproductive impairment of male Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to 4-tert-octylphenol. (5/1374)

Demonstration of the pathogenic effect of point mutated keratin 9 in vivo. (6/1374)

Changes in thyroid gland morphology after acute acrylamide exposure. (7/1374)

Effects of acute exposure to PCBs 126 and 153 on anterior pituitary and thyroid hormones and FSH isoforms in adult Sprague Dawley male rats. (8/1374)

Toxicity Tests, Acute

Toxicity Tests

Toxicity Tests, Subchronic

Toxicity Tests, Chronic

Toxicity Tests, Subacute

Lethal Dose 50

Morinda

Animal Testing Alternatives

Water Pollutants, Chemical

Daphnia

Skin Irritancy Tests

Amphipoda

Toxicology

Artemia

Plant Extracts

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Euphoria

N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine

Hallucinogens

Serotonin Agents

Poecilia

Amphetamines

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine

Robotics

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U.S.)

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Food Additives

Environmental Health

Hazardous Substances

Inorganic Chemicals

Sodium Hypochlorite

Root Canal Irrigants

Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

Mutagenicity Tests

Mutagens

Micronucleus Tests

Eye Injuries

Ecotoxicology

Corneal Opacity

Eye Injuries, Penetrating

Practice Guidelines as Topic

Guidelines as Topic

Oligonucleotides

Guideline Adherence

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

United States

Oligonucleotides, Antisense

National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)

Appendix

Education, Dental, Graduate

Carcinogenicity Tests

Neuropsychology

Academies and Institutes

Preclinical safety evaluation of human gene therapy products. (1/1374)

The contribution of acute toxicity in animals to occupational exposure limits of chemical substances. (2/1374)

The marginalization of hormesis. (3/1374)

Chemical hormesis: its historical foundations as a biological hypothesis. (4/1374)

Serum vitellogenin levels and reproductive impairment of male Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to 4-tert-octylphenol. (5/1374)

Demonstration of the pathogenic effect of point mutated keratin 9 in vivo. (6/1374)

Changes in thyroid gland morphology after acute acrylamide exposure. (7/1374)

Effects of acute exposure to PCBs 126 and 153 on anterior pituitary and thyroid hormones and FSH isoforms in adult Sprague Dawley male rats. (8/1374)

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