Tooth. Medical search

One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.

The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.

The collective tissues from which an entire tooth is formed, including the DENTAL SAC; ENAMEL ORGAN; and DENTAL PAPILLA. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

The teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth.

The upper part of the tooth, which joins the lower part of the tooth (TOOTH ROOT) at the cervix (TOOTH CERVIX) at a line called the cementoenamel junction. The entire surface of the crown is covered with enamel which is thicker at the extremity and becomes progressively thinner toward the cervix. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p216)

The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)

The emergence of a tooth from within its follicle in the ALVEOLAR PROCESS of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE into the ORAL CAVITY. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

An extra tooth, erupted or unerupted, resembling or unlike the other teeth in the group to which it belongs. Its presence may cause malposition of adjacent teeth or prevent their eruption.

Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the teeth.

Loss of the tooth substance by chemical or mechanical processes

The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A tooth from which the dental pulp has been removed or is necrotic. (Boucher, Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

The most posterior teeth on either side of the jaw, totaling eight in the deciduous dentition (2 on each side, upper and lower), and usually 12 in the permanent dentition (three on each side, upper and lower). They are grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p821)

A tooth that is prevented from erupting by a physical barrier, usually other teeth. Impaction may also result from orientation of the tooth in an other than vertical position in the periodontal structures.

Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)

A normal developing tooth which has not yet perforated the oral mucosa or one that fails to erupt in the normal sequence or time interval expected for the type of tooth in a given gender, age, or population group.

Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)

The process of TOOTH formation. It is divided into several stages including: the dental lamina stage, the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage. Odontogenesis includes the production of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS), dentin (DENTINOGENESIS), and dental cementum (CEMENTOGENESIS).

The constricted part of the tooth at the junction of the crown and root or roots. It is often referred to as the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), the line at which the cementum covering the root of a tooth and the enamel of the tooth meet. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p530, p433)

A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)

Physiologic loss of the primary dentition. (Zwemer, Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

Partial or complete displacement of a tooth from its alveolar support. It is commonly the result of trauma. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p312)

Two teeth united during development by the union of their tooth germs; the teeth may be joined by the enamel of their crowns, by their root dentin, or by both.

The third tooth to the left and to the right of the midline of either jaw, situated between the second INCISOR and the premolar teeth (BICUSPID). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p817)

The process whereby calcium salts are deposited in the dental enamel. The process is normal in the development of bones and teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p43)

One of the eight permanent teeth, two on either side in each jaw, between the canines (CUSPID) and the molars (MOLAR), serving for grinding and crushing food. The upper have two cusps (bicuspid) but the lower have one to three. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p822)

Solid fixation of a tooth resulting from fusion of the cementum and alveolar bone, with obliteration of the periodontal ligament. It is uncommon in the deciduous dentition and very rare in permanent teeth. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

A richly vascularized and innervated connective tissue of mesodermal origin, contained in the central cavity of a tooth and delimited by the dentin, and having formative, nutritive, sensory, and protective functions. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)

A hollow part of the alveolar process of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE where each tooth fits and is attached via the periodontal ligament.

Reinsertion of a tooth into the alveolus from which it was removed or otherwise lost.

One of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that form the upper jaw. A maxillary bone provides tooth sockets for the superior teeth, forms part of the ORBIT, and contains the MAXILLARY SINUS.

The hard portion of the tooth surrounding the pulp, covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root, which is harder and denser than bone but softer than enamel, and is thus readily abraded when left unprotected. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)

Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.

The teeth collectively in the dental arch. Dentition ordinarily refers to the natural teeth in position in their alveoli. Dentition referring to the deciduous teeth is DENTITION, PRIMARY; to the permanent teeth, DENTITION, PERMANENT. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

A treatment modality in endodontics concerned with the therapy of diseases of the dental pulp. For preparatory procedures, ROOT CANAL PREPARATION is available.

Measurement of tooth characteristics.

The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.

A tooth's loss of minerals, such as calcium in hydroxyapatite from the tooth matrix, caused by acidic exposure. An example of the occurrence of demineralization is in the formation of dental caries.

The 32 teeth of adulthood that either replace or are added to the complement of deciduous teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

A restoration designed to remain in service for not less than 20 to 30 years, usually made of gold casting, cohesive gold, or amalgam. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The selected form given to a natural tooth when it is reduced by instrumentation to receive a prosthesis (e.g., artificial crown or a retainer for a fixed or removable prosthesis). The selection of the form is guided by clinical circumstances and physical properties of the materials that make up the prosthesis. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p239)

The fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE surrounding the TOOTH ROOT, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS).

The thickest and spongiest part of the maxilla and mandible hollowed out into deep cavities for the teeth.

A means of identifying the age of an animal or human through tooth examination.

The bonelike rigid connective tissue covering the root of a tooth from the cementoenamel junction to the apex and lining the apex of the root canal, also assisting in tooth support by serving as attachment structures for the periodontal ligament. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Cylindrical epithelial cells in the innermost layer of the ENAMEL ORGAN. Their functions include contribution to the development of the dentinoenamel junction by the deposition of a layer of the matrix, thus producing the foundation for the prisms (the structural units of the DENTAL ENAMEL), and production of the matrix for the enamel prisms and interprismatic substance. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

The space in a tooth bounded by the dentin and containing the dental pulp. The portion of the cavity within the crown of the tooth is the pulp chamber; the portion within the root is the pulp canal or root canal.

Death of pulp tissue with or without bacterial invasion. When the necrosis is due to ischemia with superimposed bacterial infection, it is referred to as pulp gangrene. When the necrosis is non-bacterial in origin, it is called pulp mummification.

Therapeutic technique for replacement of minerals in partially decalcified teeth.

Presentation devices used for patient education and technique training in dentistry.

Extraoral body-section radiography depicting an entire maxilla, or both maxilla and mandible, on a single film.

Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS.

The description and measurement of the various factors that produce physical stress upon dental restorations, prostheses, or appliances, materials associated with them, or the natural oral structures.

The study of the teeth of early forms of life through fossil remains.

An operation in which carious material is removed from teeth and biomechanically correct forms are established in the teeth to receive and retain restorations. A constant requirement is provision for prevention of failure of the restoration through recurrence of decay or inadequate resistance to applied stresses. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p239-40)

Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla.

Synthetic resins, containing an inert filler, that are widely used in dentistry.

The proteins that are part of the dental enamel matrix.

An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.

An abnormal opening or fissure between two adjacent teeth.

The relationship of all the components of the masticatory system in normal function. It has special reference to the position and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth for the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p556, p472)

Epithelial cells surrounding the dental papilla and differentiated into three layers: the inner enamel epithelium, consisting of ameloblasts which eventually form the enamel, and the enamel pulp and external enamel epithelium, both of which atrophy and disappear before and upon eruption of the tooth, respectively.

The practice of personal hygiene of the mouth. It includes the maintenance of oral cleanliness, tissue tone, and general preservation of oral health.

An adhesion procedure for orthodontic attachments, such as plastic DENTAL CROWNS. This process usually includes the application of an adhesive material (DENTAL CEMENTS) and letting it harden in-place by light or chemical curing.

The aftermost permanent tooth on each side in the maxilla and mandible.

Use of a metal casting, usually with a post in the pulp or root canal, designed to support and retain an artificial crown.

Dental procedure in which the entire pulp chamber is removed from the crown and roots of a tooth.

Total lack of teeth through disease or extraction.

Materials used in the production of dental bases, restorations, impressions, prostheses, etc.

The structures surrounding and supporting the tooth. Periodontium includes the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.

Mesodermal tissue enclosed in the invaginated portion of the epithelial enamel organ and giving rise to the dentin and pulp.

Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.

"Decayed, missing and filled teeth," a routinely used statistical concept in dentistry.

Inability or inadequacy of a dental restoration or prosthesis to perform as expected.

Materials placed inside a root canal for the purpose of obturating or sealing it. The materials may be gutta-percha, silver cones, paste mixtures, or other substances. (Dorland, 28th ed, p631 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p187)

Dental cements composed either of polymethyl methacrylate or dimethacrylate, produced by mixing an acrylic monomer liquid with acrylic polymers and mineral fillers. The cement is insoluble in water and is thus resistant to fluids in the mouth, but is also irritating to the dental pulp. It is used chiefly as a luting agent for fabricated and temporary restorations. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p159)

Migration of the teeth toward the midline or forward in the DENTAL ARCH. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

The plan, delineation, and location of actual structural elements of dentures. The design can relate to retainers, stress-breakers, occlusal rests, flanges, framework, lingual or palatal bars, reciprocal arms, etc.

Preparatory activities in ROOT CANAL THERAPY by partial or complete extirpation of diseased pulp, cleaning and sterilization of the empty canal, enlarging and shaping the canal to receive the sealing material. The cavity may be prepared by mechanical, sonic, chemical, or other means. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1700)

A partial denture designed and constructed to be removed readily from the mouth.

An artificial replacement for one or more natural teeth or part of a tooth, or associated structures, ranging from a portion of a tooth to a complete denture. The dental prosthesis is used for cosmetic or functional reasons, or both. DENTURES and specific types of dentures are also available. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p244 & Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p643)

The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration.

Phase of endodontic treatment in which a root canal system that has been cleaned is filled through use of special materials and techniques in order to prevent reinfection.

Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis.

The act and process of chewing and grinding food in the mouth.

Substances used to bond COMPOSITE RESINS to DENTAL ENAMEL and DENTIN. These bonding or luting agents are used in restorative dentistry, ROOT CANAL THERAPY; PROSTHODONTICS; and ORTHODONTICS.

Devices used for influencing tooth position. Orthodontic appliances may be classified as fixed or removable, active or retaining, and intraoral or extraoral. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p19)

A homeodomain protein that interacts with TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN. It represses GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target GENES and plays a critical role in ODONTOGENESIS.

A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.

The application of dental knowledge to questions of law.

Dense fibrous layer formed from mesodermal tissue that surrounds the epithelial enamel organ. The cells eventually migrate to the external surface of the newly formed root dentin and give rise to the cementoblasts that deposit cementum on the developing root, fibroblasts of the developing periodontal ligament, and osteoblasts of the developing alveolar bone.

Technique involving the passage of X-rays through oral structures to create a film record while a central tab or wing of dental X-ray film is being held between upper and lower teeth.

Diseases of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE surrounding the root of the tooth, which is distinguished from DENTAL PULP DISEASES inside the TOOTH ROOT.

Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)

A major dental enamel-forming protein found in mammals. In humans the protein is encoded by GENES found on both the X CHROMOSOME and the Y CHROMOSOME.

A paired box transcription factor that is involved in ODONTOGENESIS.

The curve formed by the row of TEETH in their normal position in the JAW. The inferior dental arch is formed by the mandibular teeth, and the superior dental arch by the maxillary teeth.

A partial denture attached to prepared natural teeth, roots, or implants by cementation.

Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA.

The plan and delineation of dental prostheses in general or a specific dental prosthesis. It does not include DENTURE DESIGN. The framework usually consists of metal.

A numerical rating scale for classifying the periodontal status of a person or population with a single figure which takes into consideration prevalence as well as severity of the condition. It is based upon probe measurement of periodontal pockets and on gingival tissue status.

Photographic techniques used in ORTHODONTICS; DENTAL ESTHETICS; and patient education.

An alloy used in restorative dentistry that contains mercury, silver, tin, copper, and possibly zinc.

Small metal or ceramic attachments used to fasten an arch wire. These attachments are soldered or welded to an orthodontic band or cemented directly onto the teeth. Bowles brackets, edgewise brackets, multiphase brackets, ribbon arch brackets, twin-wire brackets, and universal brackets are all types of orthodontic brackets.

A polymer obtained by reacting polyacrylic acid with a special anion-leachable glass (alumino-silicate). The resulting cement is more durable and tougher than others in that the materials comprising the polymer backbone do not leach out.

Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.

A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.

Skills, techniques, standards, and principles used to improve the art and symmetry of the teeth and face to improve the appearance as well as the function of the teeth, mouth, and face. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p108)

Restorations of metal, porcelain, or plastic made to fit a cavity preparation, then cemented into the tooth. Onlays are restorations which fit into cavity preparations and overlay the occlusal surface of a tooth or teeth. Onlays are retained by frictional or mechanical factors.

Preparation of TOOTH surfaces and DENTAL MATERIALS with etching agents, usually phosphoric acid, to roughen the surface to increase adhesion or osteointegration.

Fixed or removable devices that join teeth together. They are used to repair teeth that are mobile as a result of PERIODONTITIS.

Coagulated exudate isolated from several species of the tropical tree Palaquium (Sapotaceae). It is the trans-isomer of natural rubber and is used as a filling and impression material in dentistry and orthopedics and as an insulator in electronics. It has also been used as a rubber substitute.

Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

Tissue surrounding the apex of a tooth, including the apical portion of the periodontal membrane and alveolar bone.

Agents used to occlude dental enamel pits and fissures in the prevention of dental caries.

Cements that act through infiltration and polymerization within the dentinal matrix and are used for dental restoration. They can be adhesive resins themselves, adhesion-promoting monomers, or polymerization initiators that act in concert with other agents to form a dentin-bonding system.

The formation of dentin. Dentin first appears in the layer between the ameloblasts and odontoblasts and becomes calcified immediately. Formation progresses from the tip of the papilla over its slope to form a calcified cap becoming thicker by the apposition of new layers pulpward. A layer of uncalcified dentin intervenes between the calcified tissue and the odontoblast and its processes. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

The phase of orthodontics concerned with the correction of malocclusion with proper appliances and prevention of its sequelae (Jablonski's Illus. Dictionary of Dentistry).

Orthodontic movement in the coronal direction achieved by outward tension on the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT. It does not include the operative procedure that CROWN LENGTHENING involves.

A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions for use in restorative or prosthetic dentistry.

A dental specialty concerned with the maintenance of the dental pulp in a state of health and the treatment of the pulp cavity (pulp chamber and pulp canal).

The planning, calculation, and creation of an apparatus for the purpose of correcting the placement or straightening of teeth.

An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.

Dental procedure in which part of the pulp chamber is removed from the crown of a tooth.

A type of porcelain used in dental restorations, either jacket crowns or inlays, artificial teeth, or metal-ceramic crowns. It is essentially a mixture of particles of feldspar and quartz, the feldspar melting first and providing a glass matrix for the quartz. Dental porcelain is produced by mixing ceramic powder (a mixture of quartz, kaolin, pigments, opacifiers, a suitable flux, and other substances) with distilled water. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

A disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth.

Resorption or wasting of the tooth-supporting bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS) in the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE.

A rapid, low-dose, digital imaging system using a small intraoral sensor instead of radiographic film, an intensifying screen, and a charge-coupled device. It presents the possibility of reduced patient exposure and minimal distortion, although resolution and latitude are inferior to standard dental radiography. A receiver is placed in the mouth, routing signals to a computer which images the signals on a screen or in print. It includes digitizing from x-ray film or any other detector. (From MEDLINE abstracts; personal communication from Dr. Charles Berthold, NIDR)

A commonly used prosthesis that results in a strong, permanent restoration. It consists of an electrolytically etched cast-metal retainer that is cemented (bonded), using resins, to adjacent teeth whose enamel was previously acid-treated (acid-etched). This type of bridgework is sometimes referred to as a Maryland bridge.

The generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. They contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, and may contain hydrogen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th Ed)

Radiographic techniques used in dentistry.

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

A prosthesis or restoration placed for a limited period, from several days to several months, which is designed to seal the tooth and maintain its position until a permanent restoration (DENTAL RESTORATION, PERMANENT) will replace it. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

Natural teeth or teeth roots used as anchorage for a fixed or removable denture or other prosthesis (such as an implant) serving the same purpose.

Polymeric resins derived from OXIRANES and characterized by strength and thermosetting properties. Epoxy resins are often used as dental materials.

The degree of approximation or fit of filling material or dental prosthetic to the tooth surface. A close marginal adaptation and seal at the interface is important for successful dental restorations.

A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)

An appliance used as an artificial or prosthetic replacement for missing teeth and adjacent tissues. It does not include CROWNS; DENTAL ABUTMENTS; nor TOOTH, ARTIFICIAL.

Inorganic derivatives of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Note that organic derivatives of phosphoric acids are listed under ORGANOPHOSPHATES.

Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.

Dentifrices that are formulated into a paste form. They typically contain abrasives, HUMECTANTS; DETERGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; and CARIOSTATIC AGENTS.

It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Inorganic compounds that contain calcium as an integral part of the molecule.

Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)

An abnormal passage in the oral cavity on the gingiva.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.

General name for two extinct orders of reptiles from the Mesozoic era: Saurischia and Ornithischia.

A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)

Hand-held tools or implements especially used by dental professionals for the performance of clinical tasks.

The total of dental diagnostic, preventive, and restorative services provided to meet the needs of a patient (from Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982).

Diagnostic tests conducted in order to measure the increment of active DENTAL CARIES over a period of time.

Loss or destruction of periodontal tissue caused by periodontitis or other destructive periodontal diseases or by injury during instrumentation. Attachment refers to the periodontal ligament which attaches to the alveolar bone. It has been hypothesized that treatment of the underlying periodontal disease and the seeding of periodontal ligament cells enable the creating of new attachment.

Fluorides, usually in pastes or gels, used for topical application to reduce the incidence of DENTAL CARIES.

Stainless steel. A steel containing Ni, Cr, or both. It does not tarnish on exposure and is used in corrosive environments. (Grant & Hack's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary conditions characterized by malformed DENTAL ENAMEL, usually involving DENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA and/or TOOTH HYPOMINERALIZATION.

A dental specialty concerned with the prevention and correction of dental and oral anomalies (malocclusion).

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment.

Endodontic procedure performed to induce TOOTH APEX barrier development. ROOT CANAL FILLING MATERIALS are used to repair open apex or DENTAL PULP NECROSIS in an immature tooth. CALCIUM HYDROXIDE and mineral trioxide aggregate are commonly used as the filling materials.

A mixed tumor of odontogenic origin, in which both the epithelial and mesenchymal cells exhibit complete differentiation, resulting in the formation of tooth structures. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)

Any preparations used for cleansing teeth; they usually contain an abrasive, detergent, binder and flavoring agent and may exist in the form of liquid, paste or powder; may also contain medicaments and caries preventives.

Biocompatible materials placed into (endosseous) or onto (subperiosteal) the jawbone to support a crown, bridge, or artificial tooth, or to stabilize a diseased tooth.

Occlusal wear of the surfaces of restorations and surface wear of dentures.

Used as a dental cement this is mainly zinc oxide (with strengtheners and accelerators) and eugenol. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p50)

The property of dental enamel to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, mineral ions and other substances. It does not include the penetration of the dental enamel by microorganisms.

The internal resistance of a material to moving some parts of it parallel to a fixed plane, in contrast to stretching (TENSILE STRENGTH) or compression (COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH). Ionic crystals are brittle because, when subjected to shear, ions of the same charge are brought next to each other, which causes repulsion.

X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range.

The susceptibility of the DENTAL ENAMEL to dissolution.

Application of a protective agent to an exposed pulp (direct capping) or the remaining thin layer of dentin over a nearly exposed pulp (indirect capping) in order to allow the pulp to recover and maintain its normal vitality and function.

Investigations conducted on the physical health of teeth involving use of a tool that transmits hot or cold electric currents on a tooth's surface that can determine problems with that tooth based on reactions to the currents.

A prosthesis that gains its support, stability, and retention from a substructure that is implanted under the soft tissues of the basal seat of the device and is in contact with bone. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

A ectodysplasin receptor subtype that is specific for ECTODYSPLASIN A1. It signals via the specific signaling adaptor EDAR-ASSOCIATED DEATH DOMAIN PROTEIN. Loss of function of the edar receptor is associated with AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE ANHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA and ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA 3, ANHIDROTIC.

Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

The predisposition to tooth decay (DENTAL CARIES).

A polysaccharide-producing species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from human dental plaque.

A denture replacing all natural teeth and associated structures in both the maxilla and mandible.

The complement of teeth in the jaws after the eruption of some of the permanent teeth but before all the deciduous teeth are absent. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

Acrylic acids or acrylates which are substituted in the C-2 position with a methyl group.

Excision of the apical portion of a tooth through an opening made in the overlying labial, buccal, or palatal alveolar bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A fluid occurring in minute amounts in the gingival crevice, believed by some authorities to be an inflammatory exudate and by others to cleanse material from the crevice, containing sticky plasma proteins which improve adhesions of the epithelial attachment, have antimicrobial properties, and exert antibody activity. (From Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)

Members of the TNF receptor family that are specific for ECTODYSPLASIN. At least two subtypes of the ectodysplasin receptor exist, each being specific for a ectodysplasin isoform. Signaling through ectodysplasin receptors plays an essential role in the normal ectodermal development. Genetic defects that result in loss of ectodysplasin receptor function results ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA.

The mechanical property of material that determines its resistance to force. HARDNESS TESTS measure this property.

Acute or chronic inflammation of tissues surrounding the apical portion of a tooth, associated with the collection of pus, resulting from infection following pulp infection through a carious lesion or as a result of an injury causing pulp necrosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Coloring, shading, or tinting of prosthetic components, devices, and materials.

Practice of adding fluoride to water for the purpose of preventing tooth decay and cavities.

Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root.

The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.

The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.

Scientific study of human skeletal remains with the express purpose of identification. This includes establishing individual identity, trauma analysis, facial reconstruction, photographic superimposition, determination of time interval since death, and crime-scene recovery. Forensic anthropologists do not certify cause of death but provide data to assist in determination of probable cause. This is a branch of the field of physical anthropology and qualified individuals are certified by the American Board of Forensic Anthropology. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1992 Jun;13(2):146)

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Developmental expression patterns of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Bax, and Bak in teeth. (1/1158)

The ontogenic profile of expression of four members of the Bcl-2 family (Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Bax and Bak) was examined in the mouse by immunohistochemistry using paraffin sections. All four members were expressed in changing patterns during critical stages of tooth morphogenesis. Expression was detected in epithelial cell populations including the dental lamina, internal dental epithelium (IDE; differentiating ameloblasts), stratum intermedium and stellate reticulum cells, as well as in the condensed dental mesenchyme. The temporo-spatial localization of the various members of the Bcl-2 family in dental epithelium and mesenchyme showed striking overlapping areas but often their expression patterns differed. In general, contemporaneous co-expression of the Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, and of the Bcl-x and Bak proteins was noted in various types of cells during the developmental process, with the intensity of Bcl-2>Bax and of Bak>Bcl-x. Expression was pronounced at sites where interaction between surface ectoderm and induced mesenchyme takes place, and at the enamel knot, which is regarded as organization/regulating center for tooth development. Around birth, after the structural maturation was accomplished, the expression was down-regulated. The absence of elevated expression of each of these four members of the Bcl-2 family after birth in the teeth suggests that these proteins are relevant during the accomplishment of the basic architecture but not once the structure of the tooth is established. (+info)

Australopithecus garhi: a new species of early hominid from Ethiopia. (2/1158)

The lack of an adequate hominid fossil record in eastern Africa between 2 and 3 million years ago (Ma) has hampered investigations of early hominid phylogeny. Discovery of 2.5 Ma hominid cranial and dental remains from the Hata beds of Ethiopia's Middle Awash allows recognition of a new species of Australopithecus. This species is descended from Australopithecus afarensis and is a candidate ancestor for early Homo. Contemporary postcranial remains feature a derived humanlike humeral/femoral ratio and an apelike upper arm-to-lower arm ratio. (+info)

Clinical trial of three 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching products. (3/1158)

BACKGROUND: A profusion of commercial bleaching systems exists on the market today, but there are few clinical comparisons of these systems. METHODS: In this study, three different commercial 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching systems were used by 24 patients in an overnight protocol for two weeks. Each patient used two of the bleaching products simultaneously in a side-by-side comparison. RESULTS: The mean onset of tooth whitening was 2.4 +/- 1.7 days. Tooth sensitivity was the most frequent side effect, as 64% of the patients reported tooth sensitivity occurring after 4.8 +/- 4.1 days and lasting for 5.0 +/- 3.8 days. Although intrapatient differences were recorded for the three commercial 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching systems by the patients, there were no statistical differences in the time of onset of subjective tooth whitening and the onset, frequency and duration of tooth sensitivity among the three commercial bleaching systems when compared pairwise or independently (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Selection of which bleaching product to use should be based on the concentration of the active ingredient, the viscosity of the product and other marketing features. Further research is needed to investigate the causes of tooth sensitivity and methods to reduce its severity and frequency. (+info)

Blastogenic response of human lymphocytes to oral bacterial antigens: comparison of individuals with periodontal disease to normal and edentulous subjects. (4/1158)

Cell-mediated immunity in humans to antigens derived from oral plaque bacteria was investigated by using the lymphocyte blastogenesis assay. Subjects with varying severities of periodontal disease including normal, gingivitis, periodontitis, and edentulous were compared. Mononuclear leukocytes were separated from peripheral blood and cultured with antigens prepared by sonication of Actinomyces viscosus (AV), Actinomyces naeslundii (AN), Veillonella alcalescens (VA), Leptotrichia buccalis (LB), Bacteroides melaninogenicus (BM), and homologous dental plaque (DP). The lymphocyte response of subjects with gingivitis or periodontitis was significantly greater than that of normal subjects to antigens of AV, AN, and DP, but did not differ from the response of edentulous subjects. Periodontitis subjects were significantly more reactive than edentulous and normal subjects in response to VA, LB, and BM. These findings suggest that the tested gram-negative bacteria and the host response they evoke are associated with advanced periodontal destruction. (+info)

Immunohistological distributions of fibronectin, tenascin, type I, III and IV collagens, and laminin during tooth development and degeneration in fetuses of minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata. (5/1158)

The immunohistological distributions of fibronectin, tenascin, type I, III and IV collagens, and laminin were observed in the tooth buds of fetuses of minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata. Distributions of extracellular matrices (ECMs) examined in this study except for tenascin were generally similar to those of terrestrial mammalian species during development of the tooth bud. Tenascin in the fetuses of minke whale showed characteristic distributions in the dental lamina and the enamel organ in the early tooth developmental stage. In the physiological degeneration stage of tooth bud development, immunoreactivity of the ECMs were very weakly and limitedly detected in the dental papilla and the surrounding mesenchyme. Immunoreactivity of tenascin and type I and III collagens were positively detected in the developing baleen plate germ which was associated with the degenerating tooth bud. These findings suggested that expressions of the ECMs were related to the formation of the tooth bud and baleen plate germ, and that the lack of the ECMs was related to the degeneration of the tooth bud in the fetal minke whale. (+info)

Cbfa1 is required for epithelial-mesenchymal interactions regulating tooth development in mice. (6/1158)

Osteoblasts and odontoblasts, cells that are responsible for the formation of bone and dentin matrices respectively, share several molecular characteristics. Recently, Cbfa1 was shown to be a critical transcriptional regulator of osteoblast differentiation. Mutations in this gene cause cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), an autosomal dominant disorder in humans and mice characterized by defective bone formation. CCD also results in dental defects that include supernumerary teeth and delayed eruption of permanent dentition. The dental abnormalities in CCD suggest an important role for this molecule in the formation of dentition. Here we describe results of studies aimed at understanding the functions of Cbfa1 in tooth formation. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses show that Cbfa1 has a unique expression pattern in dental mesenchyme from the bud to early bell stages during active epithelial morphogenesis. Unlike that observed in osteoblast differentiation, Cbfa1 is downregulated in fully differentiated odontoblasts and is surprisingly expressed in ectodermally derived ameloblasts during the maturation phase of enamel formation. The role of Cbfa1 in tooth morphogenesis is further illustrated by the misshapen and severely hypoplastic tooth organs in Cbfa1-/- mice. These tooth organs lacked overt odontoblast and ameloblast differentiation and normal dentin and enamel matrices. Epithelial-mesenchymal recombinants demonstrate that dental epithelium regulates mesenchymal Cbfa1 expression during the bud and cap stages and that these effects are mimicked by the FGFs but not by the BMPs as shown by our bead implantation assays. We propose that Cbfa1 regulates the expression of molecules in mesenchyme that act reciprocally on dental epithelium to control its growth and differentiation. Taken together, our data indicate a non-redundant role for Cbfa1 in tooth development that may be distinct from that in bone formation. In odontogenesis, Cbfa1 is not involved in the early signaling networks regulating tooth initiation and early morphogenesis but regulates key epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that control advancing morphogenesis and histodifferentiation of the epithelial enamel organ. (+info)

An mtDNA analysis in ancient Basque populations: implications for haplogroup V as a marker for a major paleolithic expansion from southwestern europe. (7/1158)

mtDNA sequence variation was studied in 121 dental samples from four Basque prehistoric sites, by high-resolution RFLP analysis. The results of this study are corroborated by (1) parallel analysis of 92 bone samples, (2) the use of controls during extraction and amplification, and (3) typing by both positive and negative restriction of the linked sites that characterize each haplogroup. The absence of haplogroup V in the prehistoric samples analyzed conflicts with the hypothesis proposed by Torroni et al., in which haplogroup V is considered as an mtDNA marker for a major Paleolithic population expansion from southwestern Europe, occurring approximately 10,000-15,000 years before the present (YBP). Our samples from the Basque Country provide a valuable tool for checking the previous hypothesis, which is based on genetic data from present-day populations. In light of the available data, the most realistic scenario to explain the origin and distribution of haplogroup V suggests that the mutation defining that haplogroup (4577 NlaIII) appeared at a time when the effective population size was small enough to allow genetic drift to act-and that such drift is responsible for the heterogeneity observed in Basques, with regard to the frequency of haplogroup V (0%-20%). This is compatible with the attributed date for the origin of that mutation (10,000-15, 000 YBP), because during the postglacial period (the Mesolithic, approximately 11,000 YBP) there was a major demographic change in the Basque Country, which minimized the effect of genetic drift. This interpretation does not rely on migratory movements to explain the distribution of haplogroup V in present-day Indo-European populations. (+info)

Expression of Wnt signalling pathway genes during tooth development. (8/1158)

We have carried out comparative in situ hybridisation analysis of six Wnt genes Wnts-3, -4, -5a, -6, -7b, and 10b together with Wnt receptor MFz6 and receptor agonist/antagonists MFrzb1 and Mfrp2 during murine odontogenesis from the earliest formation of the epithelial thickening to the early bell stage. Expression of Wnt-4, Wnt-6, and one Wnt receptor MFz6 was observed in the facial, oral and dental epithelium. Wnt10b was localised specifically to the presumptive dental epithelium. Wnts-3 and -7b were expressed in oral epithelium but showed no expression in the presumptive dental epithelium. Wnt-3 also showed no expression in the epithelial cells of the molar bud stage tooth germs, but showed restricted expression in the enamel knots which are signalling centres believed to be involved in regulating tooth shape. Wnts -6, -10b and MFz6 were also detected in the primary and secondary enamel knots. Wnt-5a and agonist/antagonists MFrzb1 and Mfrp2 were expressed in a graded proximo-distal (P-D) manner in mesenchymal cells during the early stages of tooth development with no overlying expression in the oral or dental epithelium. Wnt-5a and MFrzb1 show strong expression in the dental papilla mesenchyme. (+info)

Brown, Antony G.; Tooth, Stephen; Bullard, Joanna E.; Thomas, David S. G.; Chiverrell, Richard C.; Plater, Andrew J.; Murton, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_ecosystem

Casey (November 6, 2012). "Tooth & Nail , News , Love and Death's "Between Here & Lost" Now Available January 22nd!". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Welch

... is derived from the dental papilla of the tooth germ. The tooth germ is the primordial structures from which a tooth is ... The outermost layer, known as the mantle dentin layer, is found in the crown of the tooth. It can and can be identified by the ... tooth bud. 2012. Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing. Farlex. Ross, Michael H., Gordon I. Kaye, and ... Some mammalian teeth exploit this phenomenon, especially herbivores such as horses, deer or elephants. In many herbivores, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentin

1 (Tooth & Nail, 1999), there is a separate track titled "Numb" that is sometimes cited as the 11th track on the B-side of this ... Tooth & Nail. 1999.CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) "Pipe Dream" music video. ... It was released on June 16, 1998 on BEC Recordings, the Christian imprint of Tooth & Nail Records. This album established ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_86_(album)

Tanguy, Sarah (2002). Sweet Tooth. Copia, the American Center for Wine, Food & the Arts. pp. 76-77. ISBN 9780971264311. Tanguy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Curtis_Ratcliff

"The Tooth". The Business Insider. American Go Association. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janice_Kim

Duller, Geoff A.T.; Tooth, Stephen; Barham, Lawrence; Tsukamoto, Sumiko (2015). "New investigations at Kalambo Falls, Zambia: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalambo_Falls

A sample lyrics: "Are you a person with morals or couth who brushes their teeth in the morning?/Do you even have teeth?/Maybe ... with the money you made from the bootleg you can go and buy yourself...*A* tooth." A music video was produced featuring ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Got_My_Education

They announced that they had left Tooth & Nail Records and would record their next album independently. The band ran a ... 2 (2011) Hanging On By a Remix (2012) Tooth & Nail Records Yap, Timothy (November 12, 2013). "The Letter Black "Rebuild" Album ... "The Letter Black Tour & New Album Soon". Tooth & Nail. August 23, 2012. Archived from the original on March 24, 2013. Retrieved ... "The Letter Black Premiere New Song". Tooth & Nail. October 3, 2012. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Letter_Black

"Raade's tooth"). When Imatran Voima merged with Neste, the merged company Fortum took the building as its headquarters. However ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accountor_Tower

Define The Great Line (Tooth And Nail). Tension and release continue to define Underoath on their latest collection of ... Casey (August 18, 2009). "Tooth & Nail , News , Underoath's 'Survive, Kaleidoscope' DVD Up on iTunes!". Toothandnail.com. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survive,_Kaleidoscope

... tooth brushes; soaps assorted; inexhaustible salts; and much more. In 1887, the company moved from the corner of Tremont and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.S._Pierce

Tusk or Tooth. 2013. FP-004.CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) "Pyromaniac - Single - Oh Land". Apple Music (DK ... She released her third studio album, Wish Bone, in 2013 with Tusk or Tooth Records and A:larm Music. It peaked at number four ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_Land_discography

Tooth Troubles. 1925. Asthma and Hay Fever. 1926. Colds, Coughs, and Catarrh. 1926. Foot Troubles. 1926. Predetermine Your ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernarr_Macfadden

"Palaeos Vertebrates > Bones > Teeth: Tooth Implantation". Bertin, Thomas J. C.; Thivichon-Prince, Béatrice; LeBlanc, Aaron R. H ... Notably, this appears to be the ancestral tooth condition in Amniota. This morphology was once used as a basis for the now- ... Thecodont dentition is a morphological arrangement in which the base of the tooth is completely enclosed in a deep socket of ... Caldwell, Michael W.; Viriot, Laurent (2018). "Current Perspectives on Tooth Implantation, Attachment, and Replacement in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thecodont_dentition

Arthur Tooth & Sons. 1935. OCLC 1011795616. Lansden, Ollie P (11 April 1943). "Cpl Rudolph Von Ripper Completes Mural For ... In October 1935, fourteen of his pieces under the title "Kaleidoscope" were exhibited at the Tooth Gallery in London, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_von_Ripper

"The Tooth Fairy". Allmovie. Retrieved November 16, 2011. Buchanan, Jason. "Trapped Ashes". Allmovie. Retrieved November 16, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_horror_films_of_2006

Tooth & Nail) The Nothing Inside You (1999; Rotting Audio Sound Recordings) "Chatterbox". Tooth & Nail Records. Archived from ... Eventually, the band went with Tooth & Nail, with their debut album being the seventh release on the label. The album featured ... and they would receive offers from labels such as Blonde Vinyl Collection and Tooth & Nail Records. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatterbox_(band)

"Tooth And Nail". Allmovie. Retrieved November 16, 2011. Buchanan, Jason. "Torment". Allmovie. Retrieved November 16, 2011. " ... "Teeth". Allmovie. Retrieved November 16, 2011. Buchanan, Jason. "Timber Falls". Allmovie. Retrieved November 16, 2011. https:// ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_horror_films_of_2007

A Tooth (1956); Canon (1957), any two instruments; Fugue in a minor (1957), any four instruments; Fugue in c minor (1957), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Monte_Young

Tooth and Nail. Onyx Path. March 2017. * Storytelling Adventure System "Free RPG Day Initial Sponsors Announced". Retrieved ... the Frostbite Girl 7 Getting Her Back 8 Body of Evidence 9 Caveat Emptor 10 No Escape 11 Good for the Soul 12 Serpent's Tooth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter:_The_Vigil

"Tooth Fairy Economics". Campaign for Liberty. Archived from the original on 2009-06-10. Retrieved 2009-03-11. "Petition". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008–2009_Keynesian_resurgence

Tooth & Nail Records) Split EP (with Roadside Monument) (1997, Tooth & Nail Records) Closer Than You Think (1998, Tooth & Nail ... They released three full-length albums and one Split EP for Tooth & Nail Records. Three of Puller's members were also members ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Puller at the All-Music Guide Puller at Tooth & Nail Records v t e. ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Puller: Sugarless CD info". Tooth and Nail. Retrieved 2007-07-17. CS1 maint: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puller_(band)

These cells can be obtained from postnatal teeth, wisdom teeth, and deciduous teeth, providing researchers with a non-invasive ... resulting in tooth ash Tooth ash has been shown to promote bone repair. Although recent studies have shown that calcine tooth ... Calcine tooth powder (CTP) is obtained by burning extracted teeth, destroying the potential infection-causing material within ... Onyekwelu, O; Seppala, M; Zoupa, M; Cobourne, MT (2007). "Tooth development: 2. Regenerating teeth in the laboratory". Dental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_pulp_stem_cells

In "Tooth and Claw", they set up the very thing - Torchwood - that separates them in the end. It's sort of their own fault." ... Burk and Smith found the pairing of the Doctor and Rose to be unlikable in the episode "Tooth and Claw" because they were " ... After defeating a werewolf in "Tooth and Claw", they are knighted by Queen Victoria (Pauline Collins), who banishes them as ... "Tooth and Claw". Doctor Who. Series 2. Episode 2. Cardiff. BBC. BBC One. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Writer Toby ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Tyler

"The Tooth Harry". 3rd Rock from the Sun. Season 3. Episode 26. 1998-05-20. NBC. "The Thing That Wouldn't Die - Part II". 3rd ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Solomon

"Hangnail Biography". Artist page on Tooth & Nail Records. Tooth & Nail Records. Retrieved April 24, 2011. "Various - Happy ... an imprint of Tooth and Nail Records. Hangnail independently recorded their self-titled album and BEC purchased and released ... which were released on Tooth and Nail Records. They also recorded an acoustic EP that was released in 2001 and a live album ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangnail_(band)

Creative tooth picking. Overlapping lines in text. Mowing the lawn with no catcher. Scraping toothpaste off sink, if toothpaste ... Lee's now ex-girlfriend Megan Gale filled in for him while he had an operation to replace his two front teeth, which were lost ... Constitution of Australia Relient K Teeth Roman Emperors Kettle Barbecue Ned Kelly Shania Twain Ostriches League of Legends RMS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish_&_Andy_(radio_show)

Full-depth teeth Teeth in which the working depth equals 2.000 divided by the normal diametral pitch. Stub teeth Teeth in which ... Equal addendum teeth Teeth in which two engaging gears have equal addendums. Long and short-addendum teeth Teeth in which the ... It is used to determine tooth thickness. Modified addendum teeth Teeth of engaging gears, one or both of which have non- ... a wheel having teeth or cogs; late 14c., 'tooth on a wheel'; cog-wheel, early 15c. Historically, cogs were teeth made of wood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear

"Long in the Tooth". Metropolis-mailorder.com. 9 March 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2015. "Eye to Eye with the Compound Eye - Marc ... In March 2015 another collaborative EP was announced with Primitive Race entitled "Long in the Tooth" with a worldwide release ... "Long in the Tooth" (2015) "The Diamond Sinners" (2016) "Found in Filth" (2016) "Prey & Obey" (2017) "The Chosen Few" (2018) " ... With Marc Heal Long in the Tooth (2015) - With Primitive Race The Diamond Sinners (2016) - Digital only release The Redeemer ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_(musical_project)

Only four teeth are used for chewing at a given time, and as each tooth wears out, another tooth moves forward to take its ... Most amphibians exhibit teeth that have a slight attachment to the jaw or acrodont teeth. Acrodont teeth exhibit limited ... These teeth are also known as aradicular teeth, and unlike humans whose ameloblasts die after tooth development, rodents ... "Types of Teeth, Dental Anatomy & Tooth Anatomy , Colgate®". www.colgate.com. "Common Characteristics Of Whale Teeth". Archived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth

Tooth wear and ageing: Tooth wear is a progressive loss of enamel and dentine due to tooth erosion, abrasion and attrition. As ... The process of tooth whitening lightens the colour of a tooth.[1] Tooth whitening can be achieved by either changing the ... "Tooth Whitening". 8 Dec 2014.. *^ a b "Public Attitudes to Tooth Whitening Regulations (Presentation)" (PDF). General Dental ... tooth whitening can occur within three days and lighten teeth by one or two shades.[1] This type of tooth whitening is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_whitening

Treatment of a Broken Tooth. If you take a look at your dogs teeth you can spot if there is a broken tooth, as this is clearly ... If your dog displays symptoms of tooth pain you should take a look at his teeth, and establish if he has a broken tooth, a ... If a broken tooth is not detected and repaired in a timely manner, the tooth will get infected and the gum may also be affected ... If the tooth is not treated and an infection occurs, root canal therapy may not be possible and the extraction of the tooth may ...

https://www.vetinfo.com/dog-broken-tooth-repair.html

New teeth poked through the gums after about 36 days and reached the proper size and alignment with opposing teeth for proper ... A bioengineered tooth germ placed in the jaw of a mouse (top) buds through the gum at 36 days (center) and fully grows in after ... Tsuji admits that although the bioengineered teeth are functional, the crown widths, cusp positions, and tooth patterning were ... Moreover, unlike dental implants, the regenerated teeth develop the periodontal ligaments that tie normal teeth to the ...

https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2009/08/bioengineered-tooth-regeneration-in.html

Current images of the tooth may be compared to prior images of the same tooth to monitor changes in the tooth over time. The ... A handpiece for illuminating the tooth and receiving the light passing through the tooth for reception by the camera in a ... includes illuminating a surface of a tooth and electronically imaging the tooth from a non-illuminated surface of the tooth ... If the tooth 18 is wider than the interprong spacing, if an adjacent tooth is missing or there is no adjacent tooth, as in the ...

http://www.google.ca/patents/US6201880

... at-home remedies are safe and can whiten your teeth. Others wont and might harm your teeth or gums. Find out from WebMD what ... It actually changes a tooths color. One study found that painting an over-the-counter gel with 6% hydrogen peroxide on teeth ... Some natural, at-home remedies are safe and can whiten your teeth. Find out what your best bets are, and which to not bother ... A recent study found that using coconut oil could prevent tooth decay, but theres no science to support it leaving a sparkle. ...

https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/ss/slideshow-natural-teeth-whitening

Reuters Health) - Losing two or more natural teeth in middle age may signal an increased risk for coronary heart disease, a U.S ... Among adults with 25 to 32 natural teeth at the beginning of the study, those who lost two or more teeth during follow-up had a ... "Peridontitis and gingivitis lead to tooth loss and the loss of a tooth is certainly the end-stage of dental disease," said Dr. ... Adults with fewer than 17 natural teeth (vs. 25 to 32 natural teeth) at the outset were 25 percent more likely to develop ...

https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-tooth-loss-heart-disease/tooth-loss-in-middle-age-linked-to-heart-disease-idUKKBN1HP2QN

A wisdom tooth extraction is a surgical procedure to remove one or more of your wisdom teeth. Learn what to expect, before ... Wisdom teeth are the four permanent adult teeth located at the back corners of your mouth on the top and bottom. These teeth ... Wisdom teeth are typically removed through a wisdom tooth extraction when theres evidence of:. *Healthy teeth adjacent to ... WISDOM TEETH. Definition. Wisdom teeth are the third and last molars on each side of the upper and lower jaws. They are also ...

https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/conditions/wisdom-teeth/wisdom-tooth-extraction

Many children experience painful tooth decay which can lead to the tooth/teeth being extracted. Even if teeth are not extracted ... Caries (dental decay) is a disease of the hard tissues of the teeth caused by an imbalance, over time, in the interactions ... Comparison between different concentrations of fluoride toothpaste for preventing tooth decay in children and adolescents. ... Although none of the trials included in the review looked at fluorosis or mottling of the childrens teeth, fluorosis may be an ...

http://www.cochrane.org/CD007868/ORAL_comparison-between-different-concentrations-of-fluoride-toothpaste-for-preventing-tooth-decay-in-children-and-adolescents

Erupted teeth that are adjacent to impacted teeth are predisposed to periodontal disease. Since the most difficult tooth ... Relationship of tooth to anterior border of ramus[edit]. This type of classification is based on the amount of impacted tooth ... Relationship of tooth to occlusal plane[edit]. The depth of the impacted tooth compared with the adjacent second molar gives ... "Impacted teeth including surgery for canine teeth , Cambridge University Hospitals". cuh.org.uk. Retrieved 2015-08-22.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_impaction

"Survey: Tooth fairy leaving less money". UPI. 26 July 2011. Woudstra, Wendy. "How Much Does The Tooth Fairy Pay for a Tooth". ... Many a refractory child will allow a loose tooth to be removed if he knows about the Tooth Fairy. If he takes his little tooth ... A 2006 horror film, The Tooth Fairy, features an evil Tooth Fairy. A killer nicknamed "The Tooth Fairy" (because of his ... ISBN 81-7806-005-1. Principe, Gabrielle F.; Smith, Eric (July 2008). "The tooth, the whole tooth and nothing but the tooth: how ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_fairy

... tooth whale tooth whale tooth whale tooth whale tooth whale tooth whale tooth whale tooth whale tooth whale tooth whale tooth. ... FREDERICK MYRICK/Susans Teeth (1808-1862). 20th century copies. JAMES BUTE (tooth c.1834),. a private in the Royal Marines. ... A Godeys Lady tooth c.1840. {this whaler-made, scrimshaw tooth has been matched (a great rarity). with its original source ... scrimshaw scrimshaw scrimshaw scrimshaw scrimshaw scrimshaw scrimshaw sperm whale tooth whale tooth whale tooth whale tooth ...

http://www.angelfire.com/ca/antiquescrimshaw/

18 teeth), or poor and near-poor combined (18 teeth); who had a high school education (19 teeth) or less (17 teeth); and who ... 1.1 teeth) and near-poor (0.9 teeth). No group had a decrease in the mean number of teeth. Since 1999-2004, no detectable ... was 25.5 teeth-an increase of 0.5 teeth from 1999-2004 (Table 34). Increases in the mean number of teeth retained were found ... Dentate older adults had an average of 21 teeth, which is an increase of almost 2 teeth since 1999-2004 (Table 36). No changes ...

https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/publications/OHSR-2019-edentulism-tooth-retention.html

Your dentist calls it tooth decay or dental caries. Theyre all names for a hole in your tooth. Find out how to prevent it. ... What is tooth decay?. Tooth decay is damage to a tooths surface, or enamel. It happens when bacteria in your mouth make acids ... Tooth decay can lead to cavities (dental caries), which are holes in your teeth. If tooth decay is not treated, it can cause ... Who is at risk for tooth decay?. The main risk factors for tooth decay are not taking care of your teeth and having too many ...

https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html

There are a variety of problems associated with tooth disorders such as cavities and infections. Uncover the related symptoms, ... Tooth injuries such as broken or chipped teeth. What causes tooth disorders?. The causes of tooth disorders varies, depending ... Can tooth disorders be prevented?. The main thing that you can do to prevent tooth disorders is to take good care of your teeth ... Worn-down teeth. How are tooth disorders diagnosed?. Your dentist will ask about your symptoms, look at your teeth, and probe ...

https://medlineplus.gov/toothdisorders.html

If the tooth is severely decayed, or little tooth structure remains, it may be necessary to place a metal post into the tooth ... of the tooth than veneers. Crowns provide protection around the entire tooth and are generally indicated for teeth that have ... Less tooth structure is needed to be removed Adjacent tooth wear is kept to a minimum. The main negative is color Porcelain/ ... Cracked Teeth - Teeth may have microcracks that cause sensitivity when exposed to hot and cold temperatures, pressure, and air ...

http://www.angelfire.com/nb/teethe/Crowns.htm

Chinas Growing Sweet Tooth. Hershey is unveiling a milk candy for the fast-growing China market-the first launch away from ... quickly the sweet tooth in China will ... expand the Sean Ryan thank you so much for joining us from Shanghai ... for more this ...

https://www.wsj.com/video/chinas-growing-sweet-tooth/F59808C5-52DE-4CCE-BBC9-8954DCEA6B79.html

A calcareous tooth that is part of the upper jaw region. In mammals, the upper jaw teeth are attached to the maxilla. [ http:// ... Note that we follow EHDAA2 and consider teeth part of the jaw skeleton ... tooth of upper jaw. Go to external page http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003267 Copy ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_0003267

Just for the record, children usually have 20 baby teeth (also called milk teeth). Adults have 32 permanent teeth. The 32 teeth ... The Tooth The tooth is an amazing sensory organ. The outside of the tooth, the enamel, is the hardest tissue in the human body ... If you have ever had a cracked tooth or had a cavity in a tooth, you know that the message sent to the brain by the teeth is ... The enamel surrounds another layer of the tooth called the dentin. The tooth pulp lies in the middle of the tooth. The pulp ...

https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/tooth.html

The Chinese toss the tiny teeth onto roofs. Mexicans offer them to el raton, a gray mouse, and Swedes sweep them under the rug ... from pillows and tooth banks to porcelain and silver tooth boxes. In the museum are more than 500 pieces of Tooth Fairy ... Part of the magic of the Tooth Fairy is her fairness. "A child might think that its unfair that she lost a tooth," Schwartzman ... "Tell the child that the Tooth Fairy couldnt make it to your neighborhood, but she will return the next night. The Tooth Fairy ...

http://articles.latimes.com/1996-04-07/news/ls-55703_1_tooth-fairy

... "tooth"[All Fields] AND "sensitivity"[All Fields]) OR "tooth sensitivity"[All Fields]. Search. ... External Dentin Stimulation Induces ATP Release in Human Teeth. X. Liu, C. Wang, T. Fujita, H.S. Malmstrom, M. Nedergaard, Y.F ... High-concentration carbamide peroxide can reduce the sensitivity caused by in-office tooth bleaching: a single-blinded ... Figure 3Distribution of the tooth sensitivity scores reported by patients using a verbal rating scale according to time of ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=tooth+sensitivity

Humans have two sets of teeth, the baby teeth (also called the primary teeth) and the permanent teeth. Children have 20 primary ... teeth; they are replaced by 32 permanent teeth by about age 13. ... Tooth Quiz. Tooth Quiz Answers. Tooth Anatomy. Tooth Anatomy ... Tooth Anatomy Printout. Teeth. Label Teeth Printout. Label Tooth Printout. Tooth Anatomy Quiz Printout. Todays featured page: ... Tooth Anatomy: Label Me! Printout. Label the tooth diagram.. Answers. Teeth. Label Me! Printout. Label the permanent teeth, ...

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/teeth/toothanatomy.shtml

My dentist has decided to extract a tooth that has an abscess forming in the root. Should a course of antibiotics be given ... If a tooth is painful, the gum swollen and inflamed and work was carried out on that tooth - it would seem reasonable to give ... Tooth extraction. My dentist has decided to extract a tooth that has an abscess forming in the root. Should a course of ... You go on to say that a temporary filling was put in a tooth (presumably another tooth, not the one with the abscess that was ...

https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/ask-the-expert/mouth/a3072/tooth-extraction/

Unscramble the Sweet Tooth Channel! Avoid the sweets and munch the fruits and vegetables while you chase Mr. Toothbrush through ... Unscramble the Sweet Tooth Channel! Avoid the sweets and munch the fruits and vegetables while you chase Mr. Toothbrush through ... http://marketplace.xbox.com/da-DK/Product/Sweet-Tooth/bacfcf6f-e897-4d63-a593-207e75fe385a?cid=SLink Klik for at oprette og ...

http://marketplace.xbox.com/da-DK/Product/Sweet-Tooth/bacfcf6f-e897-4d63-a593-207e75fe385a?cid=SLink

... is screenwriting on a first grade level, and though its being billed as family comedy, Im pretty sure it was only ... Tooth Fairy is screenwriting on a first grade level, and though its being billed as family comedy, Im pretty sure it was only ... Tooth Fairy is screenwriting on a first grade level, and though its being billed as family comedy, Im pretty sure it was only ... Does the silly willy goalie want his itsy bitsy teeth punched out? I bet he does! I just bet he does! Crunch. That baby talk ...

https://www.cinemablend.com/dvds/Tooth-Fairy-4416.html

Tooth loss is preventable. Primary care providers can educate their patients with chronic diseases about their increased risk ...

https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infographics/severe-tooth-loss.html

11 Mistakes You Make Brushing Your Teeth , Develop Proper Tooth Care Habits - Duration: 9:01. Real Men Real Style 2,083,958 ... WHAT I DIDNT EXPECT / WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ♡ Wisdom Teeth Surgery ♡ Kristina Hailey - Duration: 15:16. Kristina Hailey 16,656 ... Why Do Wisdom Teeth Suck? - Duration: 3:05. Science Insider 3,719,079 views ... Patient Walk-through of Wisdom Teeth Extraction , Boston Childrens Hospital - Duration: 5:52. Boston Childrens Hospital ...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYdkK-t_bio

... these teeth are replaced one by one by the teeth of the secondary set. There are five deciduous teeth and eight permanent teeth ... The teeth: …as the deciduous, milk, or primary dentition, is acquired gradually between the ages of six months and two years. ... Other articles where Primary tooth is discussed: human digestive system: ... Alternative Titles: baby tooth, deciduous tooth, lacteal tooth, milk tooth, temporary tooth ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/primary-tooth

WebMD explains what tooth enamel is, what causes it to erode, how to prevent enamel loss, and how to treat it. ... How is tooth enamel loss treated? What is tooth enamel?. Enamel is the thin outer covering of the tooth. This tough shell is ... How is tooth enamel loss treated?. Treatment of tooth enamel loss depends on the problem. Sometimes tooth bonding is used to ... Attrition. This is natural tooth-to-tooth friction that happens when you clench or grind your teeth such as with bruxism, which ...

https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/tooth-enamel-erosion-restoration

Tooth Decay: UXL Encyclopedia of Diseases and Disorders dictionary. ... texts attributed tooth decay and cavities to a "tooth worm." The rate of tooth decay among humans increased rapidly after 1850 ... of a tooth. Decay results from the action of ba… Tooth Decay , DEFINITION Tooth decay is the destruction of the enamel (outer ... If the tooth decay has affected the pulp in the center of the tooth and destroyed the nerve endings, the dentist removes the ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/infection-tooth-decay

... of all tooth fairies in magical tooth fairy central. His sentence for being a debunker of tooth fairy dreams is to work for ... of all tooth fairies in magical tooth fairy central. His sentence for being a debunker of tooth fairy dreams is to work for ... of all tooth fairies in magical tooth fairy central. His sentence for being a debunker of tooth fairy dreams is to work for ... The special effects look cheap and the earthbound part of the plot is old hat, but the tooth fairy stuff is funny enough keep ...

http://www.chicagotribune.com/sfl-tooth-fairy-photo20100121143847-photo.html

But whats the truth behind these tooth myths? ... that Coke can dissolve a tooth or that bleaching your teeth ... also known as milk teeth). Believing a witch could curse someone using their tooth, lost baby teeth were swallowed, buried, ... Why real human teeth? The 18th century saw a rise in the use of real teeth to replace rotting ones, and with good reason. While ... Though many hockey players consider a lost tooth a badge of honor, it is possible to reimplant a knocked-out adult tooth. A ...

Tooth Development. (October 2008). Is it possible to build a tooth? Thats a question that many giants of 20th century dental ... Evolutionary Biology: Cichlids, Gene Networks, and Teeth. (February 2009). In the journal PLOS Biology, NIDCR grantees report ... These original parts were then gradually rewired, replaced, or left in place to produce the various shapes and sizes of teeth ... scientists must begin to solve the larger puzzles of how they self assemble to form the tooths various specialized tissues, ...

https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/ScienceSpotlight/InterviewsbyTopic/BuildingTooth/

This may be due to severe tooth decay, tooth cracking and other forms of tooth damages. (mydavidsondental.com)
Fortunately, pets seldom suffer from tooth decay. (iams.ca)
Extensive tooth decay can lead to dental caries and the need for fillings, crowns, bridges, and dentures. (eugeneorthodontics.com)
Care of your permanent teeth helps preserve the enamel and prevent decay. (eugeneorthodontics.com)
Did you know that tooth decay is the most common long-term childhood disease? (methuendentist.com)
Children of any age can get tooth decay, even babies and toddlers. (methuendentist.com)
And tooth decay is five times more common than asthma. (methuendentist.com)
The good news is that tooth decay can be prevented! (methuendentist.com)
What causes tooth decay? (methuendentist.com)
Over time tooth decay can develop and a cavity can form. (methuendentist.com)
How does tooth decay affect baby teeth? (methuendentist.com)
Tooth decay in the primary (baby) teeth of young children is also called early childhood caries. (methuendentist.com)
Parents are often surprised to learn that tooth decay can begin as soon as a baby's teeth come in, usually by age six months. (methuendentist.com)
Decay in baby teeth can cause pain, and the infection can spread. (methuendentist.com)
If decay is not treated, it can destroy the baby teeth. (methuendentist.com)
Tooth decay can also have an effect on a child's general health. (methuendentist.com)
Children who have decay in their baby teeth are more likely to have decay in their adult teeth. (methuendentist.com)
Tooth decay is not only unhealthy, it also looks bad. (methuendentist.com)
If your child has tooth decay he may feel bad about his smile. (methuendentist.com)
Frequent sips of sugary liquids can cause tooth decay. (methuendentist.com)
To lower the risk of tooth decay, try to get your child to drink from a cup by her first birthday. (methuendentist.com)

New teeth poked through the gums after about 36 days and reached the proper size and alignment with opposing teeth for proper chewing after 49 days. (nextbigfuture.com)
The roots of teeth are covered by gums. (wikipedia.org)
The dental specialist applies a blanching gel to your teeth (in the wake of putting insurance over your gums) and places a laser light before your mouth. (diet2x.com)
The first step you should take if your tooth is knocked-out is to retrieve the tooth by the crown, the part that is exposed above the gums in the mouth. (godental365.com)
If the tooth won't rest comfortably in the socket then placing the tooth between your cheek and gums is the next best option. (godental365.com)
Periodontal disease affects the gums, bones, and connective tissue around the teeth, and it can cause tooth loss. (iams.ca)
At first, just rub the outside, but as he adjusts to the routine, begin to open his mouth and rub the gums inside the teeth as well. (iams.ca)
Hold the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle and apply it to the area where teeth and gums meet. (iams.ca)
If your dog won't cooperate with home brushing or if you already see brown tartar stains on his teeth or red and bleeding gums, it's time to turn to your veterinarian for help. (iams.ca)
When bacteria are left to linger they not only affect the teeth but the gums as well. (averyandmeadows.com)

In the spaces between the inorganic salts in tooth enamel , these unstable free radicals attach to organic pigment molecules resulting in small, less heavily pigmented components. (wikipedia.org)
[2] The scattering of light and absorption within enamel and dentine determine the intrinsic colour of teeth and because the enamel is relatively translucent, the dentinal properties can play a major role in determining the overall tooth colour. (wikipedia.org)
[5] This can be attributed to secondary dentin formation and thinning of enamel due to tooth wear which contributes to a significant decrease in lightness and increase in yellowness. (wikipedia.org)
[9] Prolonged dental plaque accumulation on the tooth surface can lead to enamel demineralisation and formation of white spot lesions which appear as an opaque milk-coloured lesion. (wikipedia.org)
They have the roots, inner pulp, and outer enamel of normal teeth and are just as hard, the team reports. (nextbigfuture.com)
Indeed, teeth appear to have first evolved in sharks, and are not found in the more primitive jawless fish - while lampreys do have tooth-like structures on the tongue, these are in fact, composed of keratin, not of dentine or enamel, and bear no relationship to true teeth. (wikipedia.org)
Though "modern" teeth-like structures with dentine and enamel have been found in late conodonts, they are now supposed to have evolved independently of later vertebrates' teeth. (wikipedia.org)
In Aardvarks, teeth lack enamel and have many pulp tubules, hence the name of the order Tubulidentata. (wikipedia.org)
In dogs, the teeth are less likely than humans to form dental cavities because of the very high pH of dog saliva, which prevents enamel from demineralizing. (wikipedia.org)
While the roots of human teeth are made of cementum on the outer surface, whales have cementum on the entire surface of the tooth with a very small layer of enamel at the tip. (wikipedia.org)
These chemicals will rip the enamel off your teeth and this causes them to be weaker than they are right now. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
The first layer of the tooth, known as the enamel, encases another layer called the dentin, which contains soft tissues called the pulp. (mydavidsondental.com)
They also replicate your natural teeth's appearance since they are as translucent as your natural tooth enamel. (healthywayoflife.net)
Enamel knot (EK) is known to be a central organ in tooth development, especially for cusp patterning. (elsevier.com)
Also the tenacity of the enamel may have been lowered due to the fever, making teeth more prone to dental caries. (stlawrencedentistry.com)
Bruxism is a problem because teeth grinding causes tooth enamel to wear down. (morrindental.com.au)
When tooth enamel wears down, the inner part of your tooth becomes exposed. (morrindental.com.au)
Additional dental problems can occur because these delicate parts of your tooth are no longer protected by the enamel. (morrindental.com.au)

But does it really mean you have to go to a dentist to get those white teeth you wanted? (patriotsborderalliance.com)
Of course, you need to meet with your dentist regularly but it doesn't mean you can't do anything at home to keep your teeth white. (patriotsborderalliance.com)
Even if you are not currently feeling any tooth pain, the dentist might recommend a root canal . (mydavidsondental.com)
To stop the infection and save the tooth from extraction, the dentist may recommend a root canal treatment. (mydavidsondental.com)
If a tooth is infected due to severe cavity or damage, the dentist may be able to save your teeth by performing a root canal procedure instead of removing them. (mydavidsondental.com)
It is a preventative treatment that involves the dentist removing tartar and plaque from teeth surfaces. (mydavidsondental.com)
Ask your dentist for a gel that can be utilized at home to help whiten your teeth. (healthmedisforlife.info)
Regardless of how dull your teeth are now, the advice above, combined with the assistance of your dentist, can help you to attain a Hollywood-worthy smile. (healthmedisforlife.info)
Teeth that have been knocked out have a higher chance of being saved if a dentist can be seen within the hour. (godental365.com)
There is a range of cosmetic dentistry options your dentist might recommend for straightening crooked teeth. (healthywayoflife.net)
But either way, your dentist in Memphis wants those with crooked teeth to know and understand that there are risks that often go hand-in-hand with a crooked smile. (averyandmeadows.com)
As your dentist in Memphis knows, good oral hygiene is the best way to protect your teeth against problems such as cavities. (averyandmeadows.com)
You can start good habits if you clean your child's teeth every day, feed your child a healthy diet and take her to the dentist regularly. (methuendentist.com)
To determine whether or not you suffer from teeth grinding , your dentist will ask you a series of questions, check your teeth, and examine the jaw. (morrindental.com.au)
You may be asked to see the dentist a few more times in order to track changes to your teeth. (morrindental.com.au)
Therefore, it's a good idea to see a dentist if you suspect you might grind or clench your teeth during sleep. (morrindental.com.au)

As a result, it means that many people do not have enough space in their mouths for their third molars (wisdom teeth). (skinandsmiles.com)
Illnesses taking place while the teeth are developing can result in a white, yellow, or brown stain which is most prevalent on the upper central incisors and first molars. (stlawrencedentistry.com)
The teeth most frequently removed for this purpose are the bicuspids, located between the cuspids or eyeteeth (which are positioned directly under the eyes) and the molars, the largest teeth in the back of the mouth. (drhopect.com)

If your child has fallen the upper incisor front teeth can easily turn pink or grey due to stagnant dried up blood in these teeth. (stlawrencedentistry.com)

When your puppy first begins to get permanent teeth, check carefully to be sure the baby teeth come out as the new teeth come in. (iams.ca)
Retained teeth can cause the permanent teeth to be crooked. (iams.ca)
Once your permanent teeth come in, they need to last you a lifetime. (eugeneorthodontics.com)
It preserves healthy baby teeth whose function is to save space for the permanent teeth when they are ready to come in. (eugeneorthodontics.com)

tooth extraction or tooth repair. (vetinfo.com)
Tooth repair will involve the extraction of the nerve (root canal therapy) and then the tooth will be restored. (vetinfo.com)
If the tooth is not treated and an infection occurs, root canal therapy may not be possible and the extraction of the tooth may be the only solution. (vetinfo.com)
Without treatment, pulp infection can cause severe pain or cause a tooth abscess, which often necessitates tooth extraction. (mydavidsondental.com)
It has always been our practice philosophy that tooth extraction be an absolute last resort and this is still the way that we would advise anybody. (skinandsmiles.com)
When necessary, using procedures like tooth extraction can help turn an unappealing, dysfunctional bite problem into a beautiful smile. (drhopect.com)

Leaving a broken tooth untreated can lead to complications, as the infection from the tooth may spread to the jaw bones and then to the internal organs of the dog. (vetinfo.com)
In these cases the problem is usually a soft-tissue infection of the gum surrounding the unerupted wisdom tooth. (skinandsmiles.com)

It is important to determine if the pulp of the tooth has been exposed. (vetinfo.com)
When the pulp of the tooth is exposed, there will be a small dark spot (a hole) exposed on the surface of the tooth. (vetinfo.com)
If the pulp of the tooth is not exposed, vets don't recommend any treatment. (vetinfo.com)
These polyps are made of cementum in both species, but in human teeth, the protrusions are located on the outside of the root, while in whales the nodule is located on the inside of the pulp chamber. (wikipedia.org)
The tooth pulp comprises the nerves, blood vessels and connective tissues, and plays an important role during the eruption in developing the surrounding hard layers of the tooth. (mydavidsondental.com)
The tooth pulp runs from the tooth crown to the tip of the root. (mydavidsondental.com)
However, after the tooth fully forms, it can survive independent of the pulp. (mydavidsondental.com)
A person will need a root canal treatment if the pulp chamber of the tooth becomes infected or inflamed. (mydavidsondental.com)

Coloured compounds from these sources are adsorbed into acquired dental pellicle or directly onto the surface of the tooth causing a stain to appear. (wikipedia.org)
Sometimes called cuspids,these teeth are shaped like points(cusps) and are used for tearing and grasping food Like human teeth, whale teeth have polyp-like protrusions located on the root surface of the tooth. (wikipedia.org)

Moreover, unlike dental implants, the regenerated teeth develop the periodontal ligaments that tie normal teeth to the supporting bone and the nerve fibers that give sensitivity to chewing pressure and other stresses. (nextbigfuture.com)
Teeth are not made of bone, but rather of multiple tissues of varying density and hardness. (wikipedia.org)
In most teleost fish, however, the teeth are attached to the outer surface of the bone, while in lizards they are attached to the inner surface of the jaw by one side. (wikipedia.org)
Because continuing bone growth depends on the forces generated by teeth when we bite or chew, bone near a missing tooth socket will tend to diminish over time. (drhopect.com)
If there's insufficient bone during orthodontic treatment, it may result in gum recession and root exposure - not only damaging to the teeth themselves but also to a person's smile appearance. (drhopect.com)

Weak teeth can create a lot of oral problems, which is why it is a good idea to consider cosmetic dentistry. (mydavidsondental.com)

If you would like more information on orthodontic teeth extractions, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation. (drhopect.com)

This will damage your teeth, causing sensitivity and making them more vulnerable to staining. (healthmedisforlife.info)

Normal tooth eruption at about six months is known as teething and can be painful. (wikipedia.org)
Normally occurring when the jaw doesn't have adequate space for normal tooth eruption, teeth coming in later put pressure on other teeth, causing them to develop improperly. (drhopect.com)

If the mother has taken tetracycline during their pregnancy the child's teeth can come out dark. (stlawrencedentistry.com)
Similarly, using medications containing iron in pregnancy can also stain a child's teeth. (stlawrencedentistry.com)
There are several outside factors (extrinsic) which can stain your child's teeth. (stlawrencedentistry.com)
If your child's teeth are more porous then staining from food debris will more easily penetrate the tooth. (stlawrencedentistry.com)
Keeping your (or your child's baby) teeth clean establishes a routine. (eugeneorthodontics.com)
It happens when the child's teeth come into contact with sugary foods and drinks often and for long periods of time. (methuendentist.com)
If a child's baby teeth are healthy, it is more likely his adult teeth will be healthy too. (methuendentist.com)
Decayed and crooked teeth also can affect your child's self-esteem. (methuendentist.com)
The American Dental Association recommends that you brush your child's teeth until she is at least six years old. (methuendentist.com)
After your child's first tooth comes in, he should not be allowed to breastfeed constantly or fall asleep while breastfeeding. (methuendentist.com)

This can cause you to get dentures sooner in life and be more likely to end up with loose teeth. (reviewnaturalcures.com)

Here are a few benefits of getting whiter teeth. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
First, if you are struggling with your confidence level because of your teeth, then getting whiter teeth can help you shine. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
Getting whiter teeth is a great way to get the confidence you deserve and need. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
Second, whiter teeth are usually healthier and stronger. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
The processes used to get whiter teeth can help you strengthen your teeth and help your mouth feel healthier. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
We all want to look our best when the camera is on and if your pictures don't show off your teeth, then getting whiter teeth can help. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
One of the ways you can get whiter teeth is to use strips, trays, toothpaste, or mouthwashes. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
Toothpaste and mouthwashes will clean the teeth, but will not necessarily make them whiter than they already are. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
Your final choice for whiter teeth is to see a professional, but this is not the best choice either. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
Getting whiter teeth can give you the missing self-esteem you need and can help you to feel much better about being seen in public. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
A few dental visits will easily make your teeth whiter. (healthmedisforlife.info)

The fluorescence intensity of the dentin increases with tooth age. (osapublishing.org)

Contingent upon the sort of tooth brightening system you pick the value ranges from a ten dollars for a container of brightening toothpaste to up to $600.00 for in-office laser teeth brightening. (diet2x.com)
Although not the easiest way, it's nonetheless effective to whiten your teeth if you simply brush it using appropriate toothpaste after you drink or eat. (patriotsborderalliance.com)
Teeth whitening toothpaste is really not much different from regular toothpaste. (healthmedisforlife.info)

You should always have dental repairs, such as cavities or gum disease treated before you embark on a tooth whitening treatment. (healthmedisforlife.info)
This is because crooked teeth make dental cleaning difficult and hence increase your risk of tooth cavities and gum disease. (healthywayoflife.net)

The teeth of mammals have deep roots, and this pattern is also found in some fish, and in crocodilians. (wikipedia.org)

Can a Root Canal Procedure Save My Tooth? (mydavidsondental.com)
Laser treatment is the fastest procedure available for teeth whitening. (healthmedisforlife.info)
In this cosmetic dental procedure, a tooth-colored resin applied to your teeth reshapes them. (healthywayoflife.net)
They require shaving of your teeth before bonding of the veneers, and this is hence an invasive procedure. (healthywayoflife.net)

[1] Tooth whitening can be achieved by either changing the intrinsic colour or by removing and controlling the formation of extrinsic stains. (wikipedia.org)
The combination of intrinsic colour and the presence of extrinsic stains on the tooth surface influence the colour and thus the overall appearance of teeth. (wikipedia.org)
[1] In essence, tooth whitening primarily targets those intrinsic stains in which cannot be removed through mechanics such as a debridement (clean) or prophylaxis , in the dental office. (wikipedia.org)
This is quite effective in removing stubborn stains on your teeth, especially for those due to smoking and coffee. (patriotsborderalliance.com)
This article can help you whiten your teeth and see what is the best method of teeth whitening in case of stains. (healthmedisforlife.info)
Rub an orange peel's back side onto your teeth to help whiten them and remove stains. (healthmedisforlife.info)
This stains the teeth yellow-brown due to to prolonged exposure to acidic chlorine ions. (stlawrencedentistry.com)

The water pH overwhelms the buffering capacity of saliva and teeth can break down. (stlawrencedentistry.com)
Their cone-shaped teeth, non-acidic saliva, and low-sugar diets all help protect them from this nasty ailment. (iams.ca)

The veneers can also fix broken, stained, and chipped teeth. (healthywayoflife.net)

[8] Although usually virtually invisible on the tooth surface, plaque may become stained by chromogenic bacteria such as Actinomyces species. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria in the mouth change the sugar in foods and drinks into acid that attacks the teeth. (methuendentist.com)

Make this a paste you can use to brush your teeth and remove any plaque. (patriotsborderalliance.com)
Utilize baking soda to brush your teeth. (healthmedisforlife.info)

While hard foods and chew toys can help keep teeth clean, you need to get your pet used to regular tooth-brushing. (iams.ca)
In fact, because crooked teeth can make it difficult to properly chew food, digestion can also ultimately be affected by crooked teeth. (averyandmeadows.com)

Why do you Need to Know How to Whiten Teeth? (reviewnaturalcures.com)
If your teeth are yellowish or brown, then knowing how to whiten teeth is very important. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
You can use one of the many ways for how to whiten teeth to get stronger and healthier teeth that will give you more confidence. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
You could go with the home method for how to whiten teeth . (reviewnaturalcures.com)
It is supposed to help whiten your teeth, but there is no proof to back it up. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
This product is recommended by most dentists and will help naturally whiten your teeth in about 6 days. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
How to whiten teeth is easy if you use the right system. (reviewnaturalcures.com)
They are a great many effective ways to whiten your teeth at home. (patriotsborderalliance.com)
To whiten your teeth using this method, you'll need persistence and sometimes difficult depending on where you are but it certainly helps. (patriotsborderalliance.com)
In addition to hydrogen peroxide, baking soda is also a great substance you can find in your kitchen that can whiten your teeth. (patriotsborderalliance.com)
Swishing the oil around your mouth for around ten minutes daily can effectively whiten your teeth. (healthmedisforlife.info)
This method can whiten your teeth all the way up to eight shades. (healthmedisforlife.info)
Lemons and oranges give you Vitamin C, but they can also whiten your teeth. (healthmedisforlife.info)
Try organic coconut oil to help whiten your teeth. (healthmedisforlife.info)

On the basis of the fluorometric investigations, it appears that a complex of cross-linked collagen with hydroxyapatite is a possible fluorescing compound within the tooth tissue. (osapublishing.org)
Observed fluorescence anisotropy in the tooth tissue suggests heterogeneous structure of the fluorescing compound. (osapublishing.org)

You can remove the braces while eating, brushing, and flossing, and you can still enjoy your favorite food and thoroughly clean your teeth. (healthywayoflife.net)
The headgear is used to move the teeth and is attached to the braces inside the mouth, especially in cases when jaw alignment is crucial in tooth straightening. (healthywayoflife.net)
Getting braces is no excuse to let up on your thorough oral health routine: You need to take good care of your teeth before, during, and after braces to benefit completely from the gains you get from newly straightened teeth. (eugeneorthodontics.com)
If you do not take special care of your teeth during the months or years that you have braces, you risk irreversible damage to your teeth. (eugeneorthodontics.com)
Crowding also makes it difficult to realign teeth with braces because there's simply not enough room for sufficient movement to take place. (drhopect.com)

Use organic coconut oil for natural teeth whitening. (healthmedisforlife.info)
While these fixes can go a long way toward maintaining your quality of life, they cannot compare to your natural teeth. (eugeneorthodontics.com)

The teeth whitening mixtures that your dentists has access to are much more effective than what you can find at your local drug store. (healthmedisforlife.info)
The friendly dentists at Dental365 are ready to help you or your loved one with any injury such as a knocked-out tooth. (godental365.com)

A tooth can break if decayed and weakened, but it may also fracture if it is completely healthy, due to increased pressure. (vetinfo.com)

Regular brushing and professional cleaning can keep your dog's teeth healthy and gleaming. (iams.ca)

If your dog displays symptoms of tooth pain you should take a look at his teeth, and establish if he has a broken tooth, a decayed tooth or other more severe problems. (vetinfo.com)
The multiple logistic regression showed that older adults' demographic variables, health behaviours, BMI, tooth number and chewing pain were significantly associated with frailty. (bmj.com)
If you are experiencing tooth pain, visit the dental office as soon as possible to have your mouth examined. (mydavidsondental.com)
Removing teeth is often considered a good option in the short term when people present with severe pain. (skinandsmiles.com)
Dental Damage and Jaw Pain - Often crooked teeth cause people to put too much pressure or unnatural wear and tear on the teeth and supporting muscles in the jaw. (averyandmeadows.com)
This can lead to an increased risk of dental damage, such as chipped or cracked teeth, as well as jaw pain or TMJ/TMD . (averyandmeadows.com)
If a child has tooth pain, she may have trouble eating. (methuendentist.com)

However, these symptoms are not the same for everyone - some people may show no symptoms, yet need to undergo a root canal treatment to prevent additional damage and save the tooth. (mydavidsondental.com)

Teeth grinding, also known as Bruxism is the grinding, clenching, or gnashing of the teeth, whether awake or sleeping. (morrindental.com.au)

Tooth discolouration and staining is primarily due to two sources of stain: intrinsic and extrinsic (see Figure 2). (wikipedia.org)
On the other hand, if you regularly drink beverages that can stain your teeth, it's better to use a straw. (patriotsborderalliance.com)
Try to avoid beverages that can stain teeth if you want them to stay beautifully white. (healthmedisforlife.info)
Some formulations may actually stain or discolor teeth. (healthmedisforlife.info)
If dental brushing and flossing are not adequate than a residue of plaque can be left on the teeth which ultimately can cause a yellow stain. (stlawrencedentistry.com)
The fissures of molar teeth are the weakest part of the teeth and easily stain black. (stlawrencedentistry.com)

In many reptiles and fish, teeth are attached to the palate or to the floor of the mouth, forming additional rows inside those on the jaws proper. (wikipedia.org)
You won't accomplish a full mouth of white teeth utilizing brightening strips. (diet2x.com)
The inside teeth will be more difficult, as your dog may resist opening his mouth, but eventually you'll be able to brush the inside and outside surfaces of all the teeth. (iams.ca)
Digestion problems - Believe it or not, the problems of crooked teeth go beyond the mouth alone. (averyandmeadows.com)
Not just any tooth can be removed, however - we must first conduct a careful analysis to determine which can be removed to facilitate optimum movement of the remaining teeth without disrupting normal mouth function or affecting appearance. (drhopect.com)

Why are baby teeth important? (methuendentist.com)
Baby teeth hold space in the jaw for the adult teeth. (methuendentist.com)

When the adult teeth arrive there may be spots visible on the teeth that were created on the tooth buds at the time of the sickness. (stlawrencedentistry.com)
When it's time for the adult teeth to come in, there may not be enough room for them. (methuendentist.com)
This may cause adult teeth to be crowded and crooked. (methuendentist.com)

Being naturally acidic, it breaks down plaque effectively leaving your teeth white. (patriotsborderalliance.com)

The solution may then be to consider the removal of some of the teeth to create enough space for orthodontic treatment. (drhopect.com)

[1] For whitening treatment to be successful, dental professionals should correctly diagnose the type, intensity and location of the tooth discolouration . (wikipedia.org)

A Japanese group, led by cell biologist Takashi Tsuji of Tokyo University of Science in Noda, Chiba Prefecture, focused on tooth germs, the embryonic tissues that develop into teeth. (nextbigfuture.com)
The cellular tissues that ultimately become teeth originate from the embryonic germ layer, the ectoderm. (wikipedia.org)
Study of a tooth plate of a fossil of the extinct fish Romundina stellina showed that the teeth and scales were made of the same tissues, also found in mammal teeth, lending support to the theory that teeth evolved as a modification of scales. (wikipedia.org)

With increasing age, teeth tend to be darker in shade. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy43

Organisms2

Diseases51

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment72

Phenomena and Processes20

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture24

Health Care7

Developmental expression patterns of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Bax, and Bak in teeth. (1/1158)

Australopithecus garhi: a new species of early hominid from Ethiopia. (2/1158)

Clinical trial of three 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching products. (3/1158)

Blastogenic response of human lymphocytes to oral bacterial antigens: comparison of individuals with periodontal disease to normal and edentulous subjects. (4/1158)

Immunohistological distributions of fibronectin, tenascin, type I, III and IV collagens, and laminin during tooth development and degeneration in fetuses of minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata. (5/1158)

Cbfa1 is required for epithelial-mesenchymal interactions regulating tooth development in mice. (6/1158)

An mtDNA analysis in ancient Basque populations: implications for haplogroup V as a marker for a major paleolithic expansion from southwestern europe. (7/1158)

Expression of Wnt signalling pathway genes during tooth development. (8/1158)

Tooth

Tooth Loss

Tooth Germ

Tooth, Deciduous

Tooth Crown

Tooth Root

Tooth Eruption

Tooth, Supernumerary

Tooth Abnormalities

Tooth Wear

Tooth Extraction

Tooth, Nonvital

Molar

Tooth, Impacted

Tooth Discoloration

Tooth, Unerupted

Incisor

Odontogenesis

Tooth Cervix

Dental Enamel

Tooth Exfoliation

Tooth Avulsion

Fused Teeth

Cuspid

Tooth Diseases

Tooth Calcification

Bicuspid

Tooth Ankylosis

Dental Pulp

Tooth Erosion

Tooth Socket

Tooth Replantation

Maxilla

Dentin

Tooth Resorption

Dental Caries

Dentition

Root Canal Therapy

Odontometry

Mandible

Tooth Demineralization

Dentition, Permanent

Dental Restoration, Permanent

Anodontia

Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic

Periodontal Ligament

Alveolar Process

Age Determination by Teeth

Dental Cementum

Odontoblasts

Ameloblasts

Dental Pulp Cavity

Dental Pulp Necrosis

Tooth Remineralization

Dental Models

Radiography, Panoramic

Periapical Periodontitis

Dental Stress Analysis

Paleodontology

Dental Cavity Preparation

Jaw, Edentulous, Partially

Composite Resins

Dental Enamel Proteins

Dental Enamel Hypoplasia

Diastema

Dental Occlusion

Enamel Organ

Oral Hygiene

Dental Bonding

Molar, Third

Post and Core Technique

Pulpectomy

Mouth, Edentulous

Dental Materials

Periodontium

Dental Papilla

Periodontal Diseases

DMF Index

Dental Restoration Failure

Root Canal Filling Materials