AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Tobacco Smoke PollutionSmokeAir PollutionTobaccoAir PollutantsTobacco IndustryAir Pollution, IndoorCotinineSmokingWater PollutionTobacco, SmokelessEnvironmental ExposureParticulate MatterEnvironmental PollutionPlants, ToxicNitrogen DioxideEnvironmental MonitoringTobacco Use DisorderSulfur DioxideVehicle EmissionsTobacco ProductsTobacco Use CessationNicotineRespiratory Tract DiseasesTobacco Mosaic VirusOzoneInhalation ExposureEpidemiological MonitoringMaternal ExposureSmoking CessationRestaurantsPolycyclic Hydrocarbons, AromaticCitiesCarbon MonoxidePrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsParticle SizeNitrosaminesTobacco UseWater Pollution, ChemicalUrban HealthRisk FactorsAsthmaAdvertising as TopicHousingAcroleinPublic PolicyRespiration DisordersWorkplacePregnancyLung NeoplasmsCarcinogensCookingVentilationWoodEnvironmental HealthHeatingGanglionic StimulantsTarsLungRespiratory SoundsOccupational ExposureAtmosphere Exposure ChambersBenzo(a)pyreneDNA AdductsCross-Sectional StudiesPrevalenceMarketingUnited StatesSeasonsOxidants, PhotochemicalFiresQuestionnairesUrban PopulationPublic FacilitiesLobbyingWeatherMetals, HeavyCoalSocial Control PoliciesBiological MarkersInfant, NewbornAminobiphenyl CompoundsPublic HealthCohort StudiesLeukoplakiaNitrogen OxidesCaliforniaSmogGovernment RegulationPlants, Genetically ModifiedMotor VehiclesRisk AssessmentCase-Control StudiesTaxesSmoke-Free PolicyIndustryWater PollutantsCarcinogens, EnvironmentalEpidemiologic StudiesTime FactorsWater Pollutants, ChemicalLogistic ModelsMortalityEnvironmental PollutantsChinaOdds RatioCommercePolandPolycyclic CompoundsFossil FuelsConfounding Factors (Epidemiology)Regression AnalysisDustSootEnvironmental IllnessPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructivePublic RelationsSoil PollutantsAcid RainRiversHealth PolicyIncinerationSocioeconomic FactorsAir Pollutants, OccupationalLung DiseasesLinear ModelsTobacco Use Cessation ProductsChild WelfareAutomobilesCzech RepublicModels, TheoreticalResidence CharacteristicsIndustrial WasteAir MovementsPeak Expiratory Flow RateParentsGlutathione TransferaseSex FactorsArylamine N-AcetyltransferaseProduct PackagingNicotinic AgonistsCytochrome P-450 CYP1A1Organizational PolicyHealth SurveysRespiratory Function TestsCarboxyhemoglobinSalivaEnergy-Generating ResourcesHazardous SubstancesGasesPlant LeavesIndiaMeteorological ConceptsHealth PromotionRespiratory SystemProduct LabelingWater MicrobiologyOxidative StressRiskAge FactorsGlutathione S-Transferase piCausalityConfidence IntervalsCoughBronchiPoisson Distribution7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxideBronchitis
Tobacco Smoke Pollution: Contamination of the air by tobacco smoke.SmokeAir Pollution: The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.Tobacco: A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.Air Pollutants: Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.Tobacco Industry: The aggregate business enterprise of agriculture, manufacture, and distribution related to tobacco and tobacco-derived products.Air Pollution, Indoor: The contamination of indoor air.Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.Water Pollution: Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)Tobacco, Smokeless: Powdered or cut pieces of leaves of NICOTIANA TABACUM which are inhaled through the nose, chewed, or stored in cheek pouches. It includes any product of tobacco that is not smoked.Environmental Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.Particulate Matter: Particles of any solid substance, generally under 30 microns in size, often noted as PM30. There is special concern with PM1 which can get down to PULMONARY ALVEOLI and induce MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION and PHAGOCYTOSIS leading to FOREIGN BODY REACTION and LUNG DISEASES.Environmental Pollution: Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.Plants, Toxic: Plants or plant parts which are harmful to man or other animals.Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.Environmental Monitoring: The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.Tobacco Use Disorder: Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.Vehicle Emissions: Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Tobacco Products: Substances and products derived from NICOTIANA TABACUM.Tobacco Use Cessation: Ending the TOBACCO habits of smoking, chewing, or snuff use.Nicotine: Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.Respiratory Tract DiseasesTobacco Mosaic Virus: The type species of TOBAMOVIRUS which causes mosaic disease of tobacco. Transmission occurs by mechanical inoculation.Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).Inhalation Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.Epidemiological Monitoring: Collection, analysis, and interpretation of data about the frequency, distribution, and consequences of disease or health conditions, for use in the planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs.Maternal Exposure: Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure.Smoking Cessation: Discontinuation of the habit of smoking, the inhaling and exhaling of tobacco smoke.RestaurantsPolycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic: A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)Cities: A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center.Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects: The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.Particle Size: Relating to the size of solids.Nitrosamines: A class of compounds that contain a -NH2 and a -NO radical. Many members of this group have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.Tobacco Use: Use of TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L) and TOBACCO PRODUCTS.Water Pollution, Chemical: Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.Urban Health: The status of health in urban populations.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Asthma: A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).Advertising as Topic: The act or practice of calling public attention to a product, service, need, etc., especially by paid announcements in newspapers, magazines, on radio, or on television. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Housing: Living facilities for humans.AcroleinPublic Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions.Respiration Disorders: Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.Workplace: Place or physical location of work or employment.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Lung Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.Carcinogens: Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.Cooking: The art or practice of preparing food. It includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various diseases.Ventilation: Supplying a building or house, their rooms and corridors, with fresh air. The controlling of the environment thus may be in public or domestic sites and in medical or non-medical locales. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Wood: A product of hard secondary xylem composed of CELLULOSE, hemicellulose, and LIGNANS, that is under the bark of trees and shrubs. It is used in construction and as a source of CHARCOAL and many other products.Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.Heating: The application of heat to raise the temperature of the environment, ambient or local, or the systems for accomplishing this effect. It is distinguished from HEAT, the physical property and principle of physics.Ganglionic Stimulants: Agents that mimic neural transmission by stimulation of the nicotinic receptors on postganglionic autonomic neurons. Drugs that indirectly augment ganglionic transmission by increasing the release or slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine or by non-nicotinic effects on postganglionic neurons are not included here nor are the nonspecific cholinergic agonists.Tars: Viscous materials composed of complex, high-molecular-weight compounds derived from the distillation of petroleum or the destructive distillation of wood or coal. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Respiratory Sounds: Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.Occupational Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.Atmosphere Exposure Chambers: Experimental devices used in inhalation studies in which a person or animal is either partially or completely immersed in a chemically controlled atmosphere.Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.DNA Adducts: The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Marketing: Activity involved in transfer of goods from producer to consumer or in the exchange of services.United StatesSeasons: Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Oxidants, Photochemical: Compounds that accept electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction. The reaction is induced by or accelerated by exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of visible or ultraviolet light.FiresQuestionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Urban Population: The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.Public Facilities: An area of recreation or hygiene for use by the public.Lobbying: A process whereby representatives of a particular interest group attempt to influence governmental decision makers to accept the policy desires of the lobbying organization.Weather: The state of the ATMOSPHERE over minutes to months.Metals, Heavy: Metals with high specific gravity, typically larger than 5. They have complex spectra, form colored salts and double salts, have a low electrode potential, are mainly amphoteric, yield weak bases and weak acids, and are oxidizing or reducing agents (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Coal: A natural fuel formed by partial decomposition of vegetable matter under certain environmental conditions.Social Control Policies: Decisions for determining and guiding present and future objectives from among alternatives.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Aminobiphenyl Compounds: Biphenyl compounds substituted in any position by one or more amino groups. Permitted are any substituents except fused rings.Public Health: Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Leukoplakia: A white patch lesion found on a MUCOUS MEMBRANE that cannot be scraped off. Leukoplakia is generally considered a precancerous condition, however its appearance may also result from a variety of HEREDITARY DISEASES.Nitrogen Oxides: Inorganic oxides that contain nitrogen.CaliforniaSmog: A mixture of smoke and fog polluting the atmosphere. (Dorland, 27th ed)Government Regulation: Exercise of governmental authority to control conduct.Plants, Genetically Modified: PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.Motor Vehicles: AUTOMOBILES, trucks, buses, or similar engine-driven conveyances. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Taxes: Governmental levies on property, inheritance, gifts, etc.Smoke-Free Policy: Prohibition against tobacco smoking in specific areas to control TOBACCO SMOKE POLLUTION.Industry: Any enterprise centered on the processing, assembly, production, or marketing of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise, in a particular field often named after its principal product. Examples include the automobile, fishing, music, publishing, insurance, and textile industries.Water Pollutants: Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.Carcinogens, Environmental: Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.Epidemiologic Studies: Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesized causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; and CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Water Pollutants, Chemical: Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Mortality: All deaths reported in a given population.Environmental Pollutants: Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.China: A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.Commerce: The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)PolandPolycyclic Compounds: Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.Fossil Fuels: Any combustible hydrocarbon deposit formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.Confounding Factors (Epidemiology): Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effect of exposure or risk is distorted because of its association with other factors influencing the outcome of the study.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Dust: Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Soot: A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDROCARBONS, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke. It is the product of incomplete combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in low oxygen conditions. It is sometimes called lampblack or carbon black and is used in INK, in rubber tires, and to prepare CARBON NANOTUBES.Environmental Illness: A polysymptomatic condition believed by clinical ecologists to result from immune dysregulation induced by common foods, allergens, and chemicals, resulting in various physical and mental disorders. The medical community has remained largely skeptical of the existence of this "disease", given the plethora of symptoms attributed to environmental illness, the lack of reproducible laboratory abnormalities, and the use of unproven therapies to treat the condition. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive: A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.Public Relations: Relations of an individual, association, organization, hospital, or corporation with the publics which it must take into consideration in carrying out its functions. Publics may include consumers, patients, pressure groups, departments, etc.Soil Pollutants: Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.Acid Rain: Acidic water usually pH 2.5 to 4.5, which poisons the ecosystem and adversely affects plants, fishes, and mammals. It is caused by industrial pollutants, mainly sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted into the atmosphere and returning to earth in the form of acidic rain water.Rivers: Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).Health Policy: Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.Incineration: High temperature destruction of waste by burning with subsequent reduction to ashes or conversion to an inert mass.Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Air Pollutants, Occupational: Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.Lung Diseases: Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.Linear Models: Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.Tobacco Use Cessation Products: Items used to aid in ending a TOBACCO habit.Child Welfare: Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the child.Automobiles: A usually four-wheeled automotive vehicle designed for passenger transportation and commonly propelled by an internal-combustion engine using a volatile fuel. (Webster, 1973)Czech Republic: Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.Models, Theoretical: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Residence Characteristics: Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.Industrial Waste: Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.Air Movements: The motion of air currents.Peak Expiratory Flow Rate: Measurement of the maximum rate of airflow attained during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviations are PEFR and PFR.Parents: Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent.Glutathione Transferase: A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from ACETYL-COA to arylamines. It can also catalyze acetyl transfer between arylamines without COENZYME A and has a wide specificity for aromatic amines, including SEROTONIN. However, arylamine N-acetyltransferase should not be confused with the enzyme ARYLALKYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE which is also referred to as SEROTONIN ACETYLTRANSFERASE.Product Packaging: Form in which product is processed or wrapped and labeled. PRODUCT LABELING is also available.Nicotinic Agonists: Drugs that bind to and activate nicotinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC). Nicotinic agonists act at postganglionic nicotinic receptors, at neuroeffector junctions in the peripheral nervous system, and at nicotinic receptors in the central nervous system. Agents that function as neuromuscular depolarizing blocking agents are included here because they activate nicotinic receptors, although they are used clinically to block nicotinic transmission.Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1: A liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase capable of biotransforming xenobiotics such as polycyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons into carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds. They have been found in mammals and fish. This enzyme, encoded by CYP1A1 gene, can be measured by using ethoxyresorufin as a substrate for the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity.Organizational Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by an organization, institution, university, society, etc., from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions and positions on matters of public interest or social concern. It does not include internal policy relating to organization and administration within the corporate body, for which ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION is available.Health Surveys: A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.Respiratory Function Tests: Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.CarboxyhemoglobinSaliva: The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.Energy-Generating Resources: Materials or phenomena which can provide energy directly or via conversion.Hazardous Substances: Elements, compounds, mixtures, or solutions that are considered severely harmful to human health and the environment. They include substances that are toxic, corrosive, flammable, or explosive.Gases: The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Plant Leaves: Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)IndiaMeteorological Concepts: The atmospheric properties, characteristics and other atmospheric phenomena especially pertaining to WEATHER or CLIMATE.Health Promotion: Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.Respiratory System: The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about.Product Labeling: Use of written, printed, or graphic materials upon or accompanying a product or its container or wrapper. It includes purpose, effect, description, directions, hazards, warnings, and other relevant information.Water Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.Oxidative Stress: A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).Risk: The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Glutathione S-Transferase pi: A glutathione transferase that catalyzes the conjugation of electrophilic substrates to GLUTATHIONE. This enzyme has been shown to provide cellular protection against redox-mediated damage by FREE RADICALS.Causality: The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Causes are termed necessary when they must always precede an effect and sufficient when they initiate or produce an effect. Any of several factors may be associated with the potential disease causation or outcome, including predisposing factors, enabling factors, precipitating factors, reinforcing factors, and risk factors.Confidence Intervals: A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.Cough: A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.Bronchi: The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.Poisson Distribution: A distribution function used to describe the occurrence of rare events or to describe the sampling distribution of isolated counts in a continuum of time or space.7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.Bronchitis: Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.

The effect of cotinine or cigarette smoke co-administration on the formation of O6-methylguanine adducts in the lung and liver of A/J mice treated with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) (1/2289)

4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a tobacco-specific nitrosamine, induces lung adenomas in A/J mice, following a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. However, inhalation of tobacco smoke has not induced or promoted tumors in these mice. NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis is thought to involve O6-methylguanine (O6MeG) formation, leading to GC-->AT transitional mispairing and an activation of the K-ras proto-oncogene in the A/J mouse. NNK can be metabolized by several different cytochromes P450, resulting in a number of metabolites. Formation of the promutagenic DNA adduct O6MeG is believed to require metabolic activation of NNK by cytochrome P450-mediated alpha-hydroxylation of the methylene group adjacent to the N-nitroso nitrogen to yield the unstable intermediate, methanediazohydroxide. Nicotine, cotinine (the major metabolite of nicotine), and aqueous cigarette tar extract (ACTE) have all been shown to effectively inhibit metabolic activation of NNK to its mutagenic form, most likely due to competitive inhibition of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in alpha-hydroxylation of NNK. The objective of the current study was to monitor the effects of cotinine and cigarette smoke (CS) on the formation of O6MeG in target tissues of mice during the acute phase of NNK treatment. To test the effect of cotinine, mature female A/J mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of NNK (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, or 10 mumole/mouse) with cotinine administered at a total dose of 50 mumole/mouse in 3 separate i.p. injections, administered 30 min before, immediately after, and 30 min after NNK treatment. To test the effect of whole smoke exposure on NNK-related O6MeG formation, mice were exposed to smoke generated from Kentucky 1R4F reference cigarettes at 0, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8 mg wet total particulate matter/liter (WTPM/L) for 2 h, with a single i.p. injection of NNK (0, 3.75, or 7.5 mumole/mouse) midway through the exposure. Cigarette smoke alone failed to yield detectable levels of O6MeG. The number of O6MeG adducts following i.p. injection of NNK was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in both lung and liver by cotinine and by cigarette smoke exposure. Our results demonstrate that NNK-induced O6MeG DNA adducts in A/J mice are significantly reduced when NNK is administered together with either cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, or the parental complex mixture, cigarette smoke.  (+info)

Evaluation of passive smoking by measuring urinary trans, trans-muconic acid and exhaled carbon monoxide levels. (2/2289)

No method has yet been established to evaluate the exposure to tobacco smoke in passive smoking (PS). We therefore conducted a study on the possibility that the levels of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid (MA) and the exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) could be indices of the passive exposure to tobacco smoke. The moderate correlation was observed between urinary MA levels and the number of consumed cigarettes per day in smokers. The mean urinary MA level of the PS (+) group was significantly higher than that with the PS (-) group. Among the PS (+) group, the mean MA level in the urine obtained in the afternoon was higher than that obtained in the morning. A high correlation was observed between the exhaled CO levels and the number of consumed cigarettes per day in smokers. Like the urinary MA level, the mean exhaled CO level in the PS (+) group, too, gave a significantly higher level than in the PS (-) group. Because the biological half life of MA (7.5 +/- 0.85 h) was longer than that of CO (3.0 +/- 0.36 h), the measurement of urinary MA level is recommended for evaluating the exposure of passive smoking. The measurement of exhaled CO levels is useful only for chain smokers and nonsmokers with PS just before measurement.  (+info)

The role of domestic factors and day-care attendance on lung function of primary school children. (3/2289)

The results of studies examining the relationship of domestic factors to lung function are contradictory. We therefore examined the independent effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), the presence of a cat, type of heating and cooking used in the home and day-care attendance on lung function after controlling for socioeconomic status (SES). Nine hundred and eighty-nine children from 18 Montreal schools were studied between April 1990 and November 1992. Information on the child's health and exposure to domestic factors was collected by questionnaire. Spirometry was performed at school. The data were analysed by multiple linear regression with percent predicted FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC as dependent variables. In the overall sample (both sexes combined), cat in the home (regression coefficient, beta = -1.15, 95% confidence interval, CI: -2.26-(-)0.05) and electric baseboard units (beta = -1.26, 95% CI: -2.39-(-)0.13) were independently associated with a lower FEV1/FVC, while day-care attendance (beta = -2.05, 95% CI: -3.71-(-)0.40) significantly reduced FEV1. Household ETS was significantly associated with increasing level of FVC (beta = 2.86, 95% CI: +0.55 to +5.17). In boys but not girls, household ETS (beta = -2.13, 95% CI: -4.07-(-)0.19) and the presence of a cat (beta = -2.19, 95% CI: -3.94-(-)0.45) were associated with lower FEV1/FVC. By contrast, day-care attendance was associated with lower FEV1 (beta = -2.92, 95% CI: -5.27-(-)0.56) and FEV1/FVC (beta = -1.53, 95% CI: -2.73-(-)0.33) in girls only. In conclusion, the results provide evidence that domestic factors and day-care attendance primarily affected airway caliber and gender differences were apparent in the effects of these factors.  (+info)

Passive smoking and the risk of coronary heart disease--a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. (4/2289)

BACKGROUND: The effect of passive smoking on the risk of coronary heart disease is controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of the risk of coronary heart disease associated with passive smoking among nonsmokers. METHODS: We searched the Medline and Dissertation Abstracts Online data bases and reviewed citations in relevant articles to identify 18 epidemiologic (10 cohort and 8 case-control) studies that met prestated inclusion criteria. Information on the designs of the studies, the characteristics of the study subjects, exposure and outcome measures, control for potential confounding factors, and risk estimates was abstracted independently by three investigators using a standardized protocol. RESULTS: Overall, nonsmokers exposed to environmental smoke had a relative risk of coronary heart disease of 1.25 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.17 to 1.32) as compared with nonsmokers not exposed to smoke. Passive smoking was consistently associated with an increased relative risk of coronary heart disease in cohort studies (relative risk, 1.21; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.14 to 1.30), in case-control studies (relative risk, 1.51; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.26 to 1.81), in men (relative risk, 1.22; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.35), in women (relative risk, 1.24; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.34), and in those exposed to smoking at home (relative risk, 1.17; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.24) or in the workplace (relative risk, 1.11; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.23). A significant dose-response relation was identified, with respective relative risks of 1.23 and 1.31 for nonsmokers who were exposed to the smoke of 1 to 19 cigarettes per day and those who were exposed to the smoke of 20 or more cigarettes per day, as compared with nonsmokers not exposed to smoke (P=0.006 for linear trend). CONCLUSIONS: Passive smoking is associated with a small increase in the risk of coronary heart disease. Given the high prevalence of cigarette smoking, the public health consequences of passive smoking with regard to coronary heart disease may be important.  (+info)

Double exposure. Environmental tobacco smoke. (5/2289)

One study after another is finding strong associations between a variety of human illness and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). A 1986 report by the U.S. Surgeon General concluded that ETS is a cause of disease, including lung cancer, in healthy nonsmokers. Other reports have documented causal associations between ETS and lower respiratory tract infections, middle ear disease and exacerbation of asthma in children, heart disease, retardation of fetal growth, sudden infant death syndrome, and nasal sinus cancer. However, the findings from many of these studies remain controversial. A number of scientists remain skeptical about the association between ETS and serious illness in nonsmokers, charging that scientific journals either fail to publish pro-tobacco findings and meta-analyses or disregard those that are published. They also claim that many epidemiological studies declare causal associations based on marginal odds ratios.  (+info)

Health effects of passive smoking-10: Summary of effects of parental smoking on the respiratory health of children and implications for research. (6/2289)

BACKGROUND: Two recent reviews have assessed the effect of parental smoking on respiratory disease in children. METHODS: The results of the systematic quantitative review published as a series in Thorax are summarised and brought up to date by considering papers appearing on Embase or Medline up to June 1998. The findings are compared with those of the review published recently by the Californian Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Areas requiring further research are identified. RESULTS: Overall there is a very consistent picture with odds ratios for respiratory illnesses and symptoms and middle ear disease of between 1.2 and 1.6 for either parent smoking, the odds usually being higher in pre-school than in school aged children. For sudden infant death syndrome the odds ratio for maternal smoking is about 2. Significant effects from paternal smoking suggest a role for postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Recent publications do not lead us to alter the conclusions of our earlier reviews. While essentially narrative rather than systematic and quantitative, the findings of the Californian EPA review are broadly similar. In addition they have reviewed studies of the effects of environmental tobacco smoke on children with cystic fibrosis and conclude from the limited evidence that there is a strong case for a relationship between parental smoking and admissions to hospital. They also review data from adults of the effects of acute exposure to environmental tobacco smoke under laboratory conditions which suggest acute effects on spirometric parameters rather than on bronchial hyperresponsiveness. It seems likely that such effects are also present in children. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial benefits to children would arise if parents stopped smoking after birth, even if the mother smoked during pregnancy. Policies need to be developed which reduce smoking amongst parents and protect infants and young children from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The weight of evidence is such that new prevalence studies are no longer justified. What are needed are studies which allow comparison of the effects of critical periods of exposure to cigarette smoke, particularly in utero, early infancy, and later childhood. Where longitudinal studies are carried out they should be analysed to look at the way in which changes in exposure are related to changes in outcome. Better still would be studies demonstrating reversibility of adverse effects, especially in asthmatic subjects or children with cystic fibrosis.  (+info)

Urinary cotinine and exposure to parental smoking in a population of children with asthma. (7/2289)

BACKGROUND: Studies of the effects of tobacco smoke often rely on reported exposure to cigarette smoke, a measure that is subject to bias. We describe here the relationship between parental smoking exposure as assessed by urinary cotinine excretion and lung function in children with asthma. METHODS: We studied 90 children 4-14 years of age, who reported a confirmed diagnosis or symptoms of asthma. In each child, we assessed baseline pulmonary function (spirometry) and bronchial responsiveness to carbachol stimulation. Urinary cotinine was measured by HPLC with ultraviolet detection. RESULTS: Urinary cotinine concentrations in the children were significantly correlated (P <0.001) with the number of cigarettes the parents, especially the mothers, smoked. Bronchial responsiveness to carbachol (but not spirometry test results) was correlated (P <0.03) with urinary cotinine in the children. CONCLUSION: Passive smoke exposure increases the bronchial responsiveness to carbachol in asthmatic children.  (+info)

Ischemic stroke risk and passive exposure to spouses' cigarette smoking. Melbourne Stroke Risk Factor Study (MERFS) Group. (8/2289)

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between ischemic stroke risk and passive exposure to cigarette smoking. METHODS: Risk factors among 452 hospitalized cases of first-episode ischemic stroke were compared with 452 age- and sex-matched "neighbor-hood" controls. RESULTS: The risk of stroke was twice as high for subjects whose spouses smoked as for those whose spouses did not smoke (95% confidence interval = 1.3, 3.1), after adjustment for the subject's own smoking, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and education level. These results were confirmed when analysis was limited to those who never smoked. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that spousal smoking may be a significant risk factor for ischemic stroke.  (+info)

Active and Passive Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Cervical Intraepitheli by Ann L. Coker, Allison J. Rosenberg et al."Active and Passive Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Cervical Intraepitheli" by Ann L. Coker, Allison J. Rosenberg et al.
This case-control analysis presents odds ratios for active and passive cigarette smoke exposure and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of levels II and III (CIN II and CIN III) while controlling for confounders. From 1987 to 1988, 103 biopsy-conformed incident cases of CIN II or III and 268 controls with normal cervical cytology were enrolled. Seventy % of cases were cigarette smokers, while only 30% of controls had ever smoked. The adjusted odds ratio for current cigarette smoking was 3.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.7-7.0). The following confounders were included in logistic regression models: age, race, education, number of sex partners, contraceptive use, sexually transmitted disease history, and Pap smear history. The risk of CIN II/III increased with increasing years of cigarette smoking and with increasing pack-years of exposure. Smoking was associated more strongly with CIN III than CIN II. The effect of passive cigarette smoke exposure was explored separately for smokers and nonsmokers and was
Effect of in utero and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke on the developmental expression of pulmonary...Effect of in utero and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke on the developmental expression of pulmonary...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of in utero and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke on the developmental expression of pulmonary cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. AU - Lee, Chanhung Z.. AU - Royce, Fred H.. AU - Denison, Michael S.. AU - Pinkerton, Kent E. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - Pulmonary cytochrome P450 monooxygenases metabolize xenobiotic chemicals, including those found in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Exposure to ETS beginning at birth has been shown to induce the P450 CYP1A1 by seven days of life. The effects of perinatal exposure to ETS of the rat lung on the expression of CYP1A1,1B1, 2B1, and NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase were measured using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Timed pregnant dams and their pups were exposed to aged and diluted sidestream cigarette smoke (ADSS) as a surrogate for ETS for four hours/ day from gestational day 5 through postnatal day 21. For all genes analyzed, mRNA could be detected in the fetal lung ...
WHO | Second-hand tobacco smokeWHO | Second-hand tobacco smoke
Involuntary (or passive) smoking is the exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) which is a mixture of exhaled mainstream smoke and side stream smoke released from a smouldering cigarette or other smoking device (cigar, pipe, bidi, etc.) and diluted with ambient air. Second-hand tobacco smoke is also referred to as "environmental" tobacco smoke (ETS). Involuntary smoking involves inhaling carcinogens and other toxic components that are present in second-hand tobacco smoke.. Article 8 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, adopted by all WHO Member States in May 2003, reads:. ...
Secondhand Tobacco Smoke (Environmental Tobacco Smoke) - Cancer-Causing Substances - National Cancer InstituteSecondhand Tobacco Smoke (Environmental Tobacco Smoke) - Cancer-Causing Substances - National Cancer Institute
Learn about secondhand tobacco smoke, which can raise your risk of lung cancer. Secondhand tobacco smoke is the combination of the smoke given off by a burning tobacco product and the smoke exhaled by a smoker. Also called environmental tobacco smoke, involuntary smoke, and passive smoke.
Second hand smoke and COPD: lessons from animal studies | Frontiers Research TopicSecond hand smoke and COPD: lessons from animal studies | Frontiers Research Topic
Cigarette smoke exposure is the key initiator of chronic inflammation, alveolar destruction, and the loss of alveolar blood vessels that lead to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which is comprised of emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is the major risk factor for non-smokers to develop emphysema. While the first-hand smoke is directly inhaled by smokers, passive smoking occurs when non-smokers are involuntary exposed to environmental tobacco smoke also known as second hand smoke (SHS). SHS is a mixture of 2 forms of smoke that come from burning tobacco: side stream smoke (smoke that comes from the end of a lit cigarette, pipe, or cigar) and mainstream smoke (smoke that is exhaled by a smoker). These two types of smoke have basically the same composition, however in SHS many toxic components are more concentrated than in first-hand smoke, therefore more hazardous for peoples health. Several pathological events have been implicated in the
Prevalence of second hand smoke exposure among adults in Bulawayo, ZimbabwePrevalence of second hand smoke exposure among adults in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Introduction: Annually, hundred thousands of people worldwide die as a result of second hand smoke (SHS) exposure. There is no safe exposure level to SHS yet in Bulawayo, smokers have been observed smoking without restraint thus exposing non-smokers to SHS. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence and contributing factors of SHS exposure among adults in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted and participants were randomly selected from residents who visited the 13 municipal revenue halls. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Home SHS exposure prevalence was 22% and females were 2.11 times more likely than males to be exposed at home. Prevalence of SHS exposure in public transportation, health facilities, educational and food premises was 40.9%, 26.3%, 42,9% and 36.8% respectively. Conclusion: SHS exposure in Bulawayo was high and there ...
Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure | SpringerLinkSecond-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure | SpringerLink
This chapter will address extensively the detrimental effects of second-hand tobacco smoke exposure, beginning with a discussion on the relationship between active and passive smoking. The risk to...
Second Hand SmokeSecond Hand Smoke
A second hand smoke is the inhalation of smoke from the smoke exhaled by the smoker. Avoiding this might be too difficult since the number of smokers in the country exceeded ...
Second Hand Smoke | Ask Dr SearsSecond Hand Smoke | Ask Dr Sears
The smoke residue on clothes will probably not penetrate into the lungs like actual second hand smoke can. But, as you have experienced, the smoke odor from the residue on clothes can also hit you like a ton of bricks and will irritate the nasal passages and eyes. This irritation can make a person more susceptible to infections. It will be important for your husband to use a "smoking jacket" that he can take off after smoking. ...
Underground Condos, Second Hand Smoke Dangers, and Other News Items - Nature Community - MOTHER EARTH NEWSUnderground Condos, Second Hand Smoke Dangers, and Other News Items - Nature Community - MOTHER EARTH NEWS
Underground condos in Utah and a Japanese study outlining second hand smoke dangers were among the news items covered in this installment of a regular feature.
Drug test detects second hand smoke 2014 - Muscle Advance - Jul 1, 2017Drug test detects second hand smoke 2014 - Muscle Advance - Jul 1, 2017
Drug test detects second hand smoke 2014 - Comments on: Will Hill blames latest positive test on .... Sports nutritionals. Muscle Advance Weight Gainer with 810 Calories, 52g Protein, 94g Carbs Per-Serving.
Anti-tobacco, anti-second hand smoke synonyms, Anti-tobacco, anti-second hand smoke antonyms - FreeThesaurus.comAnti-tobacco, anti-second hand smoke synonyms, Anti-tobacco, anti-second hand smoke antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Synonyms for Anti-tobacco, anti-second hand smoke in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for Anti-tobacco, anti-second hand smoke. 1 synonym for blue ribbon: cordon bleu. What are synonyms for Anti-tobacco, anti-second hand smoke?
Feline Lymphoma and Secondhand Cigarette Smoke - PoCFeline Lymphoma and Secondhand Cigarette Smoke - PoC
Good morning everyone...Today Id like to talk about a study conducted in 2002 concerning feline lymphoma and secondhand cigarette smoke. The information gathered back then by scientists at Tufts School of Veterinary Medicine and the University of Massachusetts in a study called Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Risk of Malignant Lymphoma in Pet Cats showed a direct link to secondhand smoke and pet cats developing the cancer.. The findings of this study was published in the August, 2002 issue of American Journal of Epidemiology, show that cats who live with secondhand smoke are twice as susceptible. Increased feline lymphoma rates may even be as much as 65% greater than a cat living in a smoke-free environment. Figures for a cat living for 5 years in a tobacco smoking home increased to 3x the risk for developing lymphoma. When there are two smokers in a home the rate rises to 4x as likely.. Dogs living in a smoking home have a 60% risk of developing lung cancer.. The study was conducted at the ...
Respiratory Therapy Cave: Pinheads smoke in front of asthmatic childrenRespiratory Therapy Cave: Pinheads smoke in front of asthmatic children
The study consisted of 290 children with persistent asthma, 28% of whom were exposed to smoke in the house, and 19% who were exposed to smoke outside the house. All the children were educated on the dangers of second hand smoke, and were educated about avoiding their asthma triggers -- especially second hand smoke. Of the children whose exposure to second hand smoke decreased, "fewer hospitalizations and emergency department visits were reported in the 12 months prior to the second interview compared to the 12 months prior to the first interview. Additionally, these children were 48% less likely to experience an episode of poor asthma control ...
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and ischaemic heart disease: an evaluation of the evidence | The BMJEnvironmental tobacco smoke exposure and ischaemic heart disease: an evaluation of the evidence | The BMJ
We carried out five sets of analyses using published data. Firstly, we conducted a meta-analysis of the studies of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (or passive smoking) and ischaemic heart disease.18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 We identified relevant studies through Medline (MeSH terms: smoking, tobacco smoke pollution), by scanning the reference lists of each study and of review articles, and by discussion with colleagues. All the studies used spouses smoking as an objective measure of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (non-smokers who live with smokers have greater exposure both inside and outside the home13 37). We extracted data on non-fatal infarction or death from ischaemic heart disease in never smokers according to whether their spouses currently smoked or had never smoked, excluding data on ex-smoker spouses where possible. We calculated the average of the relative risk estimates, adjusted for age and sex, of the studies, each weighted by the ...
Health impacts of exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) amongst a highly exposed workforce: survey of London casino workers | BMC...Health impacts of exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) amongst a highly exposed workforce: survey of London casino workers | BMC...
Casino workers are exposed to high levels of secondhand smoke (SHS) at work, yet remain at risk of being excluded from smoke-free legislation around the world. If the prime motivation for smoke-free legislation is the protection of workers, then a workforce experiencing ill-health associated with SHS exposure should not be excluded from legislation. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of respiratory and sensory irritation symptoms among a sample of casino workers, to identify any association between the reporting of symptoms and exposure to SHS at work, and to compare the prevalence of symptoms with that in other workers exposed to SHS. A postal questionnaire survey of 1568 casino workers in London. Using multivariate analysis we identified predictors of respiratory and sensory irritation symptoms. 559 workers responded to the questionnaire (response of 36%). 91% of casino workers reported the presence of one or more sensory irritation symptoms in the previous four weeks, while the figure was
Second Hand Smoke and Cancer Risk for Pets | petMDSecond Hand Smoke and Cancer Risk for Pets | petMD
Do you smoke? Have you thought about the adverse effect the habit is probably having on your pets health? Research shows just how dangerous second and third hand smoke is to the animals who live with us.
Third Hand Smoke a New Concern for Hotel Properties - CleanCoreThird Hand Smoke a New Concern for Hotel Properties - CleanCore
If you have not heard of third hand smoke before, rest assured you are not alone. But now that you have, the question hotel administrators and housekeeping departments must ask themselves is how to deal with this problem. In many cases, they may be dealing with it already. Because many of the hotel readers of this publication are "green focused," it is quite possible they have already taken steps to eliminate smoking in their properties entirely.. However, for those that still allow smoking in specific guest rooms or specific areas, effective and through cleaning of these areas where smoking is allowed is your best defense. The following are some ways to help eliminate or at least significantly minimize the amount of third hand smoke that accumulates in carpet, fabrics, and other touchable surfaces through cleaning:. Set up a cleaning schedule: Because we know that carpet, rugs and fabrics will absorb third hand smoke, set up a cleaning schedule for these areas based on room usage…not on so ...
Exposure of the US population to environmental tobacco smoke: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988...Exposure of the US population to environmental tobacco smoke: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988...
The high proportion of the population with detectable serum cotinine levels indicates widespread exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the US population. Both the home and workplace environments significantly contribute to environmental tobacco smoke exposure in the United States.
Biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure.Biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
Author(s): Benowitz, NL | Abstract: Biomarkers are desirable for quantitating human exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and for predicting potential health risks for exposed individuals. A number of biomarkers of ETS have been proposed. At present cotinine, measured in blood, saliva, or urine, appears to be the most specific and the most sensitive biomarker. In nonsmokers with significant exposure to ETS, cotinine levels in the body are derived primarily from tobacco smoke, can be measured with extremely high sensitivity, and reflect exposure to a variety of types of cigarettes independent of machine-determined yield. Under conditions of sustained exposure to ETS (i.e., over hours or days), cotinine levels reflect exposure to other components of ETS. Supporting the validity of cotinine as a biomarker, cotinine levels have been positively correlated to the risks of some ETS-related health complications in children who are not cigarette smokers.
Does the introduction of comprehensive smoke-free legislation lead to a decrease in population smoking prevalence?Does the introduction of comprehensive smoke-free legislation lead to a decrease in population smoking prevalence?
The introduction of comprehensive smoke-free legislation has increased the rate at which smoking prevalence was declining in some locations, but in the majority of jurisdictions had no measureable impact on existing trends in smoking prevalence.
How to minimize childrens environmental tobacco smoke exposure : An intervention study in a child health service settingHow to minimize children's environmental tobacco smoke exposure : An intervention study in a child health service setting
Adverse health effects in children caused by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are well known. Children are primarily exposed by their parents smoking in their homes. A comprehensive evidence base shows that parental smoking during pregnancy and ETS exposure in early childhood are associated with an increased risk for a range of adverse health problems. Child Health Care nurses, who meet nearly all families in Sweden with children aged 0-6 years, have thus an important role in tobacco preventive work in order to support parents in their ambitions to protect their children from ETS exposure.. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop, test and evaluate a new model for tobacco preventive work in Child Health Care (CHC) with special focus on areas with a high prevalence of parental smoking. In a first step CHC nurses and parents views on tobacco preventive work were analysed in two studies based on questionnaires.. The intervention was performed during the second step, based on the results ...
Dose-dependent Effects of Second-hand Smoke on Vascular Function - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govDose-dependent Effects of Second-hand Smoke on Vascular Function - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Second-hand smoke remains a significant public health threat. Despite evidence to suggest that secondhand smoke contributes to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, little is known about the dose-dependent vascular effects of brief secondhand smoke exposure at low doses commonly encountered in the community. This study will investigate the acute vascular effects and dose-dependent biological mechanisms of secondhand smoke on endothelial function and oxidative stress ...
4 Precautions To Stop Second Hand Smoke During Pregnancy4 Precautions To Stop Second Hand Smoke During Pregnancy
It is quite an established fact that smoking is injurious to health. But did you know that secondhand smoke, also known as passive smoke is equally generous? Read to know
A longitudinal study of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children: Parental self reports versus age dependent biomarkers...A longitudinal study of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children: Parental self reports versus age dependent biomarkers...
Results of this study show that measurement of cotinine levels was useful not only for quantifying ETS exposure but also for categorizing the children exposed to smoking, and non-smoking mothers (categorized further in exposed to other smokers, and non-exposed). Furthermore, as a whole, a decrease in the percentage of non exposed children to tobacco smoke and an increase in the percentage of children with a small-medium ETS exposure have been documented during the 4-year follow-up period. Conversely, the very high exposure found at birth (measuring cotinine in cord blood) and coming from the direct feto-placental passage of high amount of tobacco smoke from heavy smoker mothers disappeared.. The moderate linear relationship between results of maternal self-reporting and urinary cotinine in the 4 year olds was useful to distinguish between the presence or absence of smoking mothers, in agreement with other studies [15-17, 24]. On the basis of these results, different authors [25, 26] have ...
Passive Cigarette Smoke May Cause Dental Cavities in Children - 2003-03-11 | Voice of America - EnglishPassive Cigarette Smoke May Cause Dental Cavities in Children - 2003-03-11 | Voice of America - English
Cigarette smoking is known to cause dental problems in adults. Now a new study shows that breathing in passive smoke, also known as environmental tobacco smoke, may cause more cavities in children. Carol Pearson has the story. NATURAL SOUND, DENTIST PREPARING TO EXAMINE YOUNG BOY DENTIST Let?s see that big smile of yours there. This little boy wont feel like smiling if hes told he has a cavity. If he spends time around cigarette smoke, hes a lot more likely to have a cavity, according to a new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Noreen Mdege - Interdisciplinary Global Development Centre, University of YorkNoreen Mdege - Interdisciplinary Global Development Centre, University of York
Research Database. Noreens research focuses on tobacco use, second hand smoke (SHS) exposure and alcohol consumption with an emphasis on low and middle income countries (LMICs). She investigates individual-level and population-level health perspectives and approaches with a focus on specific populations such as HIV positive and TB patients. She investigate the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco use or second hand smoke exposure in specific populations (e.g. HIV positive and TB patients) or settings; their determinants; their impact on health outcomes; interventions to address these behaviours/ exposures; and the impact of those interventions both on the behaviours/exposure and treatment outcomes (TB/ HIV treatment outcomes) including mortality. She is co-investigator (Co-I) on an ongoing project addressing smoking, alcohol misuse and medication adherence among TB patients in South Africa; another on addressing tobacco use, alcohol use, poor diet and physical inactivity among people with severe ...
And Neither Does Second Hand SmokeAnd Neither Does Second Hand Smoke
An IARC-coordinated International collaborative case-control study was aimed at investigating the relationship between exposure to ETS and to other environmental and occupational risk factors and the risk of lung cancer in subjects who have never smoked tobacco. A total of 650 cases and 1542 controls have been enrolled in 12 centres in seven European countries. Information on exposure to occupational carcinogens, urban air pollution, background radiation and dietary habits, as well as lifelong exposure to ETS, has been collected by personal interview of cases and controls. Self-reported (non-)smoking status was confirmed by interviews of relatives. The relative risk (RR) of lung cancer risk was 1.16 (95% CI 0.93-1.44) for exposure to ETS from the spouse, 1.17 (95% CI 0.94-1.45) for workplace ETS exposure and 1.14 (0.88-1.47) for combined spousal and workplace exposure. Several quantitative indicators of ETS showed a dose-response relationship with lung cancer risk; RRs were higher for squamous ...
Bronchitis Erkrankung - Chronic Bronchitis Prevention - Protect YourselfBronchitis Erkrankung - Chronic Bronchitis Prevention - Protect Yourself
Second hand or passive smoke is also associated with health risks in both children and adults. This environmental tobacco smoke contains a complex mixture of over 4000 chemicals, many toxic and about 40 proven to cause cancer in humans. The EPA estimates that environmental tobaccos smoke causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer and about 37,000 coronary heart disease deaths in nonsmokers each year. Children, exposed to secondhand smoke before and after birth, are at a greater risk of developing high blood pressure, cleft pallets and lips, childhood leukemia, attention deficit disorder and childhood wheezing. Besides Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), second hand smoke is also associated with an increase in acute lower respiratory tract infections, asthma, chronic respiratory symptoms and middle ear infections in children. Adults experience an increased risk of lung cancer, nasal sinus cancer, heart disease mortality, acute and chronic coronary heart disease morbidity and eye and nasal ...
Bronchitis Erkrankung | Chronic Bronchitis Prevention - Protect YourselfBronchitis Erkrankung | Chronic Bronchitis Prevention - Protect Yourself
Second hand or passive smoke is also associated with health risks in both children and adults. This environmental tobacco smoke contains a complex mixture of over 4000 chemicals, many toxic and about 40 proven to cause cancer in humans. The EPA estimates that environmental tobaccos smoke causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer and about 37,000 coronary heart disease deaths in nonsmokers each year. Children, exposed to secondhand smoke before and after birth, are at a greater risk of developing high blood pressure, cleft pallets and lips, childhood leukemia, attention deficit disorder and childhood wheezing. Besides Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), second hand smoke is also associated with an increase in acute lower respiratory tract infections, asthma, chronic respiratory symptoms and middle ear infections in children. Adults experience an increased risk of lung cancer, nasal sinus cancer, heart disease mortality, acute and chronic coronary heart disease morbidity and eye and nasal ...
Cold Pneumonia Bronchitis - Whats Good For Bronchitis?Cold Pneumonia Bronchitis - What's Good For Bronchitis?
Second hand or passive smoke is also associated with health risks in both children and adults. This environmental tobacco smoke contains a complex mixture of over 4000 chemicals, many toxic and about 40 proven to cause cancer in humans. The EPA estimates that environmental tobaccos smoke causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer and about 37,000 coronary heart disease deaths in nonsmokers each year. Children, exposed to secondhand smoke before and after birth, are at a greater risk of developing high blood pressure, cleft pallets and lips, childhood leukemia, attention deficit disorder and childhood wheezing. Besides Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), second hand smoke is also associated with an increase in acute lower respiratory tract infections, asthma, chronic respiratory symptoms and middle ear infections in children. Adults experience an increased risk of lung cancer, nasal sinus cancer, heart disease mortality, acute and chronic coronary heart disease morbidity and eye and nasal ...
Bronchitis Caused and Understanding When BronchitisBronchitis Caused and Understanding When Bronchitis
Second hand or passive smoke is also associated with health risks in both children and adults. This environmental tobacco smoke contains a complex mixture of over 4000 chemicals, many toxic and about 40 proven to cause cancer in humans. The EPA estimates that environmental tobaccos smoke causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer and about 37,000 coronary heart disease deaths in nonsmokers each year. Children, exposed to secondhand smoke before and after birth, are at a greater risk of developing high blood pressure, cleft pallets and lips, childhood leukemia, attention deficit disorder and childhood wheezing. Besides Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), second hand smoke is also associated with an increase in acute lower respiratory tract infections, asthma, chronic respiratory symptoms and middle ear infections in children. Adults experience an increased risk of lung cancer, nasal sinus cancer, heart disease mortality, acute and chronic coronary heart disease morbidity and eye and nasal ...
Forums - Home Remedies for BronchitisForums - Home Remedies for Bronchitis
Second hand or passive smoke is also associated with health risks in both children and adults. This environmental tobacco smoke contains a complex mixture of over 4000 chemicals, many toxic and about 40 proven to cause cancer in humans. The EPA estimates that environmental tobaccos smoke causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer and about 37,000 coronary heart disease deaths in nonsmokers each year. Children, exposed to secondhand smoke before and after birth, are at a greater risk of developing high blood pressure, cleft pallets and lips, childhood leukemia, attention deficit disorder and childhood wheezing. Besides Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), second hand smoke is also associated with an increase in acute lower respiratory tract infections, asthma, chronic respiratory symptoms and middle ear infections in children. Adults experience an increased risk of lung cancer, nasal sinus cancer, heart disease mortality, acute and chronic coronary heart disease morbidity and eye and nasal ...
Smoking - Dangerous for your HeartSmoking - Dangerous for your Heart
Second hand or passive smoke is also associated with health risks in both children and adults. This environmental tobacco smoke contains a complex mixture of over 4000 chemicals, many toxic and about 40 proven to cause cancer in humans. The EPA estimates that environmental tobaccos smoke causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer and about 37,000 coronary heart disease deaths in nonsmokers each year. Children, exposed to secondhand smoke before and after birth, are at a greater risk of developing high blood pressure, cleft pallets and lips, childhood leukemia, attention deficit disorder and childhood wheezing. Besides Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), second hand smoke is also associated with an increase in acute lower respiratory tract infections, asthma, chronic respiratory symptoms and middle ear infections in children. Adults experience an increased risk of lung cancer, nasal sinus cancer, heart disease mortality, acute and chronic coronary heart disease morbidity and eye and nasal ...
Second Hand Smoke in Community Associations - Orlando SentinelSecond Hand Smoke in Community Associations - Orlando Sentinel
Blog sponsored by Becker & Poliakoff Secondhand smoke, means smoke emitted from lighted, smoldering, or burning tobacco when the smoker is not inhaling; smoke emitted at the mouthpiece during puff drawing; and smoke exhaled by the smoker. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has...
Tobacco TidbitsTobacco Tidbits
UPdate spring 2005. Researchers in New Zealand recently concluded the largest ever study on mortality due to second hand smoke. The study found 15% more deaths in people who had never smoked but were exposed to secondhand smoke at home, compared with people who had never smoked who lived in a smoke-free household. The study was based on census data from two different periods. Because of the unparalleled sample size of the study, the results strengthen the case that exposure to secondhand smoke leads to illness and death. Surprisingly, few studies have examined the link between exposure to secondhand smoke and mortality. The results of the New Zealand study are consistent with the largest previous study of the subject. The study is summarized in the British Medical Journal, April 2004 ...
PRIME PubMed | Parental smoking behavior and passive smoke exposure in children with asthmPRIME PubMed | Parental smoking behavior and passive smoke exposure in children with asthm
PubMed journal article Parental smoking behavior and passive smoke exposure in children with asthm were found in PRIME PubMed. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android
Environmental tobacco smoke: Experimental facts and societal issues<...Environmental tobacco smoke: Experimental facts and societal issues<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Environmental tobacco smoke. T2 - Experimental facts and societal issues. AU - Witschi, H.. AU - Pinkerton, Kent E. AU - Coggins, R. E.. AU - Penn, A.. AU - Gori, G. B.. PY - 1995. Y1 - 1995. N2 - Involuntary exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in public or in working places is considered to be a serious risk to human health. This symposium addressed several issues of toxicological interest that are associated with exposure to ETS. Epidemiologic evidence obtained in human studies suggests that passive smoking increases the risk of developing lung cancer in nonsmokers and favors the development of respiratory tract infections in children. Comparatively few data are available from animal studies that provide experimental support of the observations. Exposure of pregnant or neonate rats to cigarette sidestream smoke (SS) affects developmental patterns of drug metabolizing enzymes that may persist up to 90 days. In young roosters, SS accelerates the development of ...
Menthol | Feline DocsMenthol | Feline Docs
If you are a smoker, then you have probably been told by many people to stop smoking. Get ready to add two more to the list: your veterinarian and your cat!. Cats that live in smoking households are unwilling victims of second hand smoke. Second hand smoke has long been suspected of causing respiratory disease and lung cancer (and other cancers) in cats. Few studies are available, however, a 2002 study by Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine showed that cats living in smoking households were twice a likely to develop feline lymphoma (a type of cancer).. In addition, in smoking households, smoke particles land and cover exposed surfaces, including the cats. These particles (and more picked up through contact) are swallowed by cats during grooming, causing an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma, a deadly oral cancer. Basically, you are covering your cat in cancer-causing particles.. Lastly, cats that swallow tobacco products can be poisoned by nicotine. Menthol is especially ...
Effect of smoke-free workplaces on smoking behaviour: systematic review | The BMJEffect of smoke-free workplaces on smoking behaviour: systematic review | The BMJ
Passive smoking is linked with cancer, heart disease, respiratory illness 1 2 and is the leading source of indoor airpollution.3 In the United States, passive smoking has been linked to the deaths of at least 53 000 non-smokers each year, about one non-smoker for each eight smokers that tobacco kills. 2 4 By August 2001, 234 US communities had enacted local ordinances that required all workplaces to be completely smoke-free (185 communities included restaurants; American Nonsmokers Rights Foundation, local ordinance database), and many businesses implemented voluntary policies creating smoke-free workplaces. By 1998-9,69% of US workers employed indoors outside the home had smoke-free workplaces.5. Smoke-free workplaces not only protect non-smokers, they also create an environment that encourages smokers to cut back6 or quit. Since as early as the 1980s the tobacco industry has recognised that smoke-free workplaces have a major effect on cigaretteconsumption.7 In 1992 Phillip Morris Tobacco ...
Prenatal exposure to second hand smoke and adverse perinatal outcomes | Evidence-Based NursingPrenatal exposure to second hand smoke and adverse perinatal outcomes | Evidence-Based Nursing
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
Beyond Asthma: Secondhand Smoke Linked to ADHD, Dyslexia | Child Mind InstituteBeyond Asthma: Secondhand Smoke Linked to ADHD, Dyslexia | Child Mind Institute
Everyone knows that secondhand smoke is bad for everyone, in particular kids, who can go on to develop serious physical ailments because of exposure to nicotine and tobacco products. But a new study suggests that the brains of young people are also vulnerable to the assaults of secondhand smoke, and that a smoky home can have lasting neurodevelopmental effects.. The researchers, who published their results in Pediatrics, write that "more than twofold-increased rates were observed in parent-reported childhood neurobehavioral disorders" in kids exposed to secondhand smoke at home compared with kids who hadnt been exposed. The disorders with elevated risk include ADHD, disruptive behavior disorders, and learning disorders. They also found, according to a report in the Los Angeles Times, that secondhand smoke exposure was linked to a 50% greater probability that children would develop two or more of these illnesses.. The researchers caution that they have not identified a concrete causal ...
Medical Xpress - second hand smokeMedical Xpress - second hand smoke
Medical Xpress is a web-based medical and health news service that features the most comprehensive coverage in the fields of neuroscience, cardiology, cancer, HIV/AIDS, psychology, psychiatry, dentistry, genetics, diseases and conditions, medications and more.
Penn & Teller - Season 1 Episode 5, Second Hand Smoke/Baby Bullshit | SHOWTIMEPenn & Teller - Season 1 Episode 5, Second Hand Smoke/Baby Bullshit | SHOWTIME
Watch previews, find out ways to watch, go behind the scenes, and more of Season 1 Episode 5 of the SHOWTIME Original Series Penn & Teller.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure Causes Bronchial Hyperreactivity via Transcriptionally Upregulated Endothelin and 5-hydroxytryptamine...Secondhand Smoke Exposure Causes Bronchial Hyperreactivity via Transcriptionally Upregulated Endothelin and 5-hydroxytryptamine...
article{733304be-b795-4682-8916-cd1774ecdcab, abstract = {Cigarette smoke exposure is strongly associated with airway hyperreactivity (AHR) which is the main characteristic seen in asthma. The intracellular MAPK signaling pathways are suggested to be associated with the airway damage to the AHR. In the present study, we hypothesize that secondhand cigarette smoke (SHS) exposure upregulates the bronchial contractile receptors via activation of the Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway.}, articleno = {e44170}, author = {Cao, Lei and Zhang, Yaping and Cao, Yong-Xiao and Edvinsson, Lars and Xu, Cang-Bao}, issn = {1932-6203}, language = {eng}, number = {8}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, series = {PLoS ONE}, title = {Secondhand Smoke Exposure Causes Bronchial Hyperreactivity via Transcriptionally Upregulated Endothelin and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A Receptors.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044170}, volume = {7}, year = {2012 ...
Gene defects in young present serious risk from environmental tobacco smokeGene defects in young present serious risk from environmental tobacco smoke
The researchers found that Scottish children who have either of the two defects in the GST genes are more susceptible to asthma associated with environmental tobacco smoke exposure than those with more intact GST status.. The researchers also found that teenagers with asthma had 15% lower peak flows if they had one of the GST gene defects and were exposed to tobacco smoke, compared to asthmatic teenagers with intact gene status.. "There is a risk that these children and teenagers, naturally unaware of their susceptible status resulting from this gene defect, could be undergoing a silent, long-standing decline in lung function over the years," said Dr Mukhopadhyay.. "This can lead to greater risk of chronic obstructive lung disease, or COPD, in later life.". Scotland has the highest prevalence of teenage asthma in the world. Scots also have the highest death rate in the UK for COPD, a disease that results in numerous hospital admissions and one death every two hours in the Scottish ...
The Rest of the Story: Tobacco News Analysis and Commentary: New Anti-Smoking Advertisement Suggests that Secondhand Smoke...The Rest of the Story: Tobacco News Analysis and Commentary: New Anti-Smoking Advertisement Suggests that Secondhand Smoke...
This is very misleading, because it suggests that there is no way to avoid exposure to secondhand smoke. It seems to me that this is a dangerous message, because it tells the public that it is futile to even try to avoid exposure to secondhand smoke. The truth is that the public should be warned to try to avoid secondhand smoke exposure. And it is largely possible to avoid such exposure, especially when workplaces are smoke-free. While it is true that the vapor phase of secondhand smoke is not visible, I find that it is usually quite easy to smell secondhand smoke and know that it is there. In fact, I can usually detect the instant a smoker lights up in an environment, even if that person is located in a remote area of a room, far away from me. I dont see the point in trying to make people believe that it is pointless to even try to avoid secondhand smoke exposure ...
Secondhand smoke exposure increases odds of hospital asthma readmission fo... ( A new study shows that exposure to s...)Secondhand smoke exposure increases odds of hospital asthma readmission fo... ( A new study shows that exposure to s...)
Health, ...A new study shows that exposure to secondhand smoke at home or in the ...The study published in the journal Pediatrics raises the poss...To determine tobacco exposure the researchers at Cincinnati Children... The ability to measure serum and salivary cotinine levels presents th...,Secondhand,smoke,exposure,increases,odds,of,hospital,asthma,readmission,for,children,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current medical news,latest medicine news
Better Asthma Outcomes: Lowering Tobacco Smoke Exposure - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govBetter Asthma Outcomes: Lowering Tobacco Smoke Exposure - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
BACKGROUND:. Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure increases asthma morbidity in children. Efforts to reduce exposure have had mixed results. This study is a randomized controlled trial of an exposure reduction intervention, with objective feedback to parents on the childs exposure based on urine cotinine measurement, and counseling tailored to the childs specific exposure sources/locations and parental readiness to take specific actions to reduce exposure from each source/location. This trial involves 350 SHS-exposed children with persistent asthma, 3-12 years of age, receiving care from the Kaiser Health Care Program in Northern California. Primary outcomes over the 18 months of follow-up will be asthma acute care utilization and urine cotinine/creatine ratio. Changes in controller medication adherence will be evaluated using a pharmacy-based dispensing index.. DESIGN NARRATIVE:. Primary objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a behaviorally-based, cotinine-feedback-and-monitoring program ...
Supplementary Material for: Effects of in utero and Postnatal Exposure to Secondhand Smoke on Lung Function by Gender and...Supplementary Material for: Effects of in utero and Postnatal Exposure to Secondhand Smoke on Lung Function by Gender and...
Supplementary Material for: Effects of in utero and Postnatal Exposure to Secondhand Smoke on Lung Function by Gender and Asthma Status: The Seven Northeastern Cities (SNEC) Study
BronchitisBronchitis
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Allergy - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaAllergy - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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अकुपेसनल् चिकित्सा - विकिपिडियाअकुपेसनल् चिकित्सा - विकिपिडिया
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseChronic obstructive pulmonary disease
HempHemp
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肺癌 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书肺癌 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
AmmoniaAmmonia
List of IARC Group 1 carcinogensList of IARC Group 1 carcinogens
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Multiple chemical sensitivityMultiple chemical sensitivity
Rak pluća - ВикипедијаRak pluća - Википедија
Life expectancyLife expectancy
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Asthma - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaAsthma - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Tobacco Smoke PollutionSmokeAir PollutionTobaccoAir PollutantsTobacco IndustryAir Pollution, IndoorCotinineSmokingWater PollutionTobacco, SmokelessEnvironmental ExposureParticulate MatterEnvironmental PollutionPlants, ToxicNitrogen DioxideEnvironmental MonitoringTobacco Use DisorderSulfur DioxideVehicle EmissionsTobacco ProductsTobacco Use CessationNicotineRespiratory Tract DiseasesTobacco Mosaic VirusOzoneInhalation ExposureEpidemiological MonitoringMaternal ExposureSmoking CessationRestaurantsPolycyclic Hydrocarbons, AromaticCitiesCarbon MonoxidePrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsParticle SizeNitrosaminesTobacco UseWater Pollution, ChemicalUrban HealthRisk FactorsAsthmaAdvertising as TopicHousingAcroleinPublic PolicyRespiration DisordersWorkplacePregnancyLung NeoplasmsCarcinogensCookingVentilationWoodEnvironmental HealthHeatingGanglionic StimulantsTarsLungRespiratory SoundsOccupational ExposureAtmosphere Exposure ChambersBenzo(a)pyreneDNA AdductsCross-Sectional StudiesPrevalenceMarketingUnited StatesSeasonsOxidants, PhotochemicalFiresQuestionnairesUrban PopulationPublic FacilitiesLobbyingWeatherMetals, HeavyCoalSocial Control PoliciesBiological MarkersInfant, NewbornAminobiphenyl CompoundsPublic HealthCohort StudiesLeukoplakiaNitrogen OxidesCaliforniaSmogGovernment RegulationPlants, Genetically ModifiedMotor VehiclesRisk AssessmentCase-Control StudiesTaxesSmoke-Free PolicyIndustryWater PollutantsCarcinogens, EnvironmentalEpidemiologic StudiesTime FactorsWater Pollutants, ChemicalLogistic ModelsMortalityEnvironmental PollutantsChinaOdds RatioCommercePolandPolycyclic CompoundsFossil FuelsConfounding Factors (Epidemiology)Regression AnalysisDustSootEnvironmental IllnessPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructivePublic RelationsSoil PollutantsAcid RainRiversHealth PolicyIncinerationSocioeconomic FactorsAir Pollutants, OccupationalLung DiseasesLinear ModelsTobacco Use Cessation ProductsChild WelfareAutomobilesCzech RepublicModels, TheoreticalResidence CharacteristicsIndustrial WasteAir MovementsPeak Expiratory Flow RateParentsGlutathione TransferaseSex FactorsArylamine N-AcetyltransferaseProduct PackagingNicotinic AgonistsCytochrome P-450 CYP1A1Organizational PolicyHealth SurveysRespiratory Function TestsCarboxyhemoglobinSalivaEnergy-Generating ResourcesHazardous SubstancesGasesPlant LeavesIndiaMeteorological ConceptsHealth PromotionRespiratory SystemProduct LabelingWater MicrobiologyOxidative StressRiskAge FactorsGlutathione S-Transferase piCausalityConfidence IntervalsCoughBronchiPoisson Distribution7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxideBronchitis
Exposure of the US population to environmental tobacco smoke: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988...Exposure of the US population to environmental tobacco smoke: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988...
Effect of smoke-free workplaces on smoking behaviour: systematic review | The BMJEffect of smoke-free workplaces on smoking behaviour: systematic review | The BMJ
Browsing Publications by Subject Tobacco Smoke PollutionBrowsing Publications by Subject "Tobacco Smoke Pollution"
Tobacco Smoke Pollution - Phenotypes | CTDTobacco Smoke Pollution - Phenotypes | CTD
Browsing Technical documents by Subject Tobacco Smoke PollutionBrowsing Technical documents by Subject "Tobacco Smoke Pollution"
Pollution like diluted smoke : Tobacco ReporterPollution like diluted smoke : Tobacco Reporter
Smoke-Free Air Laws and Asthma Prevalence, Symptoms, and Severity Among Nonsmoking Youth | Allergy, Tobacco and Air Pollution |...Smoke-Free Air Laws and Asthma Prevalence, Symptoms, and Severity Among Nonsmoking Youth | Allergy, Tobacco and Air Pollution |...
When smokers quit: exposure to nicotine and carcinogens persists from thirdhand smoke pollution | Tobacco ControlWhen smokers quit: exposure to nicotine and carcinogens persists from thirdhand smoke pollution | Tobacco Control
When smokers move out and non-smokers move in: residential thirdhand smoke pollution and exposure | Tobacco ControlWhen smokers move out and non-smokers move in: residential thirdhand smoke pollution and exposure | Tobacco Control
Disparities in exposure to tobacco smoke pollution at Romanian worksites Disparities in exposure to tobacco smoke pollution at Romanian worksites
Tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysisTobacco smoke, indoor air pollution and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Subject: Smoking and Tobacco Smoke Pollution - Reports of the Surgeon General - Profiles in Science Search ResultsSubject: Smoking and Tobacco Smoke Pollution - Reports of the Surgeon General - Profiles in Science Search Results
Format: Text / Subject: Tobacco Smoke Pollution and Smoking - Reports of the Surgeon General - Profiles in Science Search...Format: Text / Subject: Tobacco Smoke Pollution and Smoking - Reports of the Surgeon General - Profiles in Science Search...
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Environmental and occupational respiratory diseases - 1049. Impacts of air pollution and enviornmental tobacco smoking on the...Environmental and occupational respiratory diseases - 1049. Impacts of air pollution and enviornmental tobacco smoking on the...
Vaping and COPD: Is it okay or can it cause more problems?Vaping and COPD: Is it okay or can it cause more problems?
Tobacco Induced Diseases - Keyword tobacco smoke pollution Tobacco Induced Diseases - Keyword tobacco smoke pollution
WHO HQ Library catalog › Results of search for su:{Tobacco smoke pollution.}WHO HQ Library catalog › Results of search for 'su:{Tobacco smoke pollution.}'
WHO HQ Library catalog › Results of search for su:{Tobacco smoke pollution.}WHO HQ Library catalog › Results of search for 'su:{Tobacco smoke pollution.}'
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20037402 - Childrens exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: using diverse exposure metrics...NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20037402 - Children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: using diverse exposure metrics...
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20023970 - Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk factors for heart disease among...NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20023970 - Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk factors for heart disease among...
Results matching category of Smoking & Tobacco Use and topic of air pollution | Page 1 of 0 | Data | Centers for Disease...Results matching category of Smoking & Tobacco Use and topic of air pollution | Page 1 of 0 | Data | Centers for Disease...
Healthier You Magazine August 2012 by OurWeekly - issuuHealthier You Magazine August 2012 by OurWeekly - issuu
Asthma - familydoctor.orgAsthma - familydoctor.org
Asthma in Kids - familydoctor.orgAsthma in Kids - familydoctor.org
Indoor Air Pollution: MedlinePlusIndoor Air Pollution: MedlinePlus
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317761.phphttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317761.php
Secondhand smoke exposure in adulthood and risk of lung cancer among never smokers: a pooled analysis of two large studies. -...Secondhand smoke exposure in adulthood and risk of lung cancer among never smokers: a pooled analysis of two large studies. -...
News media outreach and newspaper coverage of tobacco control. - PubMed - NCBINews media outreach and newspaper coverage of tobacco control. - PubMed - NCBI
The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality | Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) | US EPAThe Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality | Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) | US EPA
Exposure to indoor air pollution, tobacco smoke early in life increases risk of respiratory illness in childrenExposure to indoor air pollution, tobacco smoke early in life increases risk of respiratory illness in children
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Tobacco Smoke PollutionSmokeAir PollutionTobaccoAir PollutantsTobacco IndustryAir Pollution, IndoorCotinineSmokingWater PollutionTobacco, SmokelessEnvironmental ExposureParticulate MatterEnvironmental PollutionPlants, ToxicNitrogen DioxideEnvironmental MonitoringTobacco Use DisorderSulfur DioxideVehicle EmissionsTobacco ProductsTobacco Use CessationNicotineRespiratory Tract DiseasesTobacco Mosaic VirusOzoneInhalation ExposureEpidemiological MonitoringMaternal ExposureSmoking CessationRestaurantsPolycyclic Hydrocarbons, AromaticCitiesCarbon MonoxidePrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsParticle SizeNitrosaminesTobacco UseWater Pollution, ChemicalUrban HealthRisk FactorsAsthmaAdvertising as TopicHousingAcroleinPublic PolicyRespiration DisordersWorkplacePregnancyLung NeoplasmsCarcinogensCookingVentilationWoodEnvironmental HealthHeatingGanglionic StimulantsTarsLungRespiratory SoundsOccupational ExposureAtmosphere Exposure ChambersBenzo(a)pyreneDNA AdductsCross-Sectional StudiesPrevalenceMarketingUnited StatesSeasonsOxidants, PhotochemicalFiresQuestionnairesUrban PopulationPublic FacilitiesLobbyingWeatherMetals, HeavyCoalSocial Control PoliciesBiological MarkersInfant, NewbornAminobiphenyl CompoundsPublic HealthCohort StudiesLeukoplakiaNitrogen OxidesCaliforniaSmogGovernment RegulationPlants, Genetically ModifiedMotor VehiclesRisk AssessmentCase-Control StudiesTaxesSmoke-Free PolicyIndustryWater PollutantsCarcinogens, EnvironmentalEpidemiologic StudiesTime FactorsWater Pollutants, ChemicalLogistic ModelsMortalityEnvironmental PollutantsChinaOdds RatioCommercePolandPolycyclic CompoundsFossil FuelsConfounding Factors (Epidemiology)Regression AnalysisDustSootEnvironmental IllnessPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructivePublic RelationsSoil PollutantsAcid RainRiversHealth PolicyIncinerationSocioeconomic FactorsAir Pollutants, OccupationalLung DiseasesLinear ModelsTobacco Use Cessation ProductsChild WelfareAutomobilesCzech RepublicModels, TheoreticalResidence CharacteristicsIndustrial WasteAir MovementsPeak Expiratory Flow RateParentsGlutathione TransferaseSex FactorsArylamine N-AcetyltransferaseProduct PackagingNicotinic AgonistsCytochrome P-450 CYP1A1Organizational PolicyHealth SurveysRespiratory Function TestsCarboxyhemoglobinSalivaEnergy-Generating ResourcesHazardous SubstancesGasesPlant LeavesIndiaMeteorological ConceptsHealth PromotionRespiratory SystemProduct LabelingWater MicrobiologyOxidative StressRiskAge FactorsGlutathione S-Transferase piCausalityConfidence IntervalsCoughBronchiPoisson Distribution7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxideBronchitis
SecondhandIndoorSmokersCigaretteCotininePassivePreventable cause of deCessationCigarettesWorkplacesLegislationControlRiskEnvironmental tobacco smokeRespiratoryOutdoor pollutionIrritantsSymptomsPollenRadonFumesUnited Nations ESources of indoor air polluPrevalenceExposuresIncreases the riskOutcomesCigarette smokeIndoorsSystematic reviewEnvironmental pollutionHarmsGasesParticlesHouseholdCentersHealthChemicalInfectionsThirdhandSubstanceSignificantlyChronicPesticidesAdverseQuestionnaires
Secondhand8
Indoor1
Smokers3
Cigarette2
Cotinine4
Passive1
Preventable cause of de1
Cessation1
  • 19 There are many potential elements of such a programme, including increased taxes, legislation on smoke-free workplaces and public places, mass media education programmes, youth access laws, school based programmes, community programmes, and cessation assistance. (bmj.com)
Cigarettes1
Workplaces7
  • To quantify the effects of smoke-free workplaces on smoking in employees and compare these effects to those achieved through tax increases. (bmj.com)
  • American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation, local ordinance database), and many businesses implemented voluntary policies creating smoke-free workplaces. (bmj.com)
  • By 1998-9,69% of US workers employed indoors outside the home had smoke-free workplaces. (bmj.com)
  • Since as early as the 1980s the tobacco industry has recognised that smoke-free workplaces have a major effect on cigaretteconsumption. (bmj.com)
  • 7 In 1992 Phillip Morris Tobacco Company privately estimated that if all workplaces were smoke-free, total consumption would drop about 10%, through a combination of quitting and cutting down. (bmj.com)
  • Intervention Comprehensive smoke-free legislation that prohibits smoking in virtually all enclosed public places and workplaces, including bars, restaurants, and cafes. (bmj.com)
  • On 26 March 2006 comprehensive legislation was implemented in Scotland to prohibit smoking in virtually all enclosed public places and workplaces, including bars, restaurants, and cafes. (bmj.com)
Legislation1
  • 11 These immediate effects on the cardiovascular system provide a plausible explanation for the observed reductions in hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction in areas in the United States and Italy after implementation of smoke-free legislation. (bmj.com)
Control1
  • A quantitative comparison of the effects of these interventions would enable public health policy makers to make maximum use of the (usually limited) funds available for tobacco control. (bmj.com)
Risk1
Environmental tobacco smoke3
Respiratory21
Outdoor pollution3
Irritants2
Symptoms8
Pollen2
Radon1
Fumes2
United Nations E1
Sources of indoor air pollu3
Prevalence3
Exposures4
Increases the risk3
Outcomes4
  • We found substantial evidence that tobacco smoking is positively associated with TB, regardless of the specific TB outcomes. (harvard.edu)
  • The purpose of this review was to summarize existing epidemiological evidence of the association between quantitative estimates of indoor air pollution and all-day personal exposure with adverse birth outcomes including fetal growth, prematurity and miscarriage. (mdpi.com)
  • There has been a lot of evidence suggesting a link between air pollution and pregnancy outcomes in general, particularly the risk of a premature birth and a low weight baby," said Tom Clemens , a lecturer at the University of Edinburgh who has researched the subject and was not involved in the study. (nytimes.com)
  • METHODS: Logistic regressions were estimated for a variety of smoking outcomes, controlling for individual demographic characteristics, state economic characteristics, and state, year, and month fixed effects, using data on 1380 bartenders from the 1992-2007 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey combined with data on SCIALs from ImpacTeen. (cdc.gov)
Cigarette smoke13
Indoors2
Systematic review1
Environmental pollution2
Harms2
Gases3
Particles7
Household4
Centers2
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 2006. (aaem.pl)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Global Tobacco Surveillance System. (aaem.pl)
Health34
  • Environmental tobacco smoke (‎ETS)‎ poses a significant risk to health. (who.int)
  • The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. (aaem.pl)
  • Office on Smoking and Health and United States. (nih.gov)
  • National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health and United States. (nih.gov)
  • Towards a smoke-free health service : report of a seminar, London, UK, on World's 2nd No-Tobacco Day, 31 May 1989. (who.int)
  • Towards a smoke-free health service : the 2nd report : report of a seminar, London, UK, 1 October 1991. (who.int)
  • Towards a smoke-free health service : the 3rd report : report of a seminar, London, UK, 24 May 1993. (who.int)
  • Effects of smoking on the fetus, neonate, and child : proceedings of a symposium held on 9-11 July 1990 at the Ciba Foundation and sponsored by the UK Department of Health / edited by David Poswillo and Eva Alberman. (who.int)
  • When the scientific community was focused on research into the adverse health effects of active smoking, the industry's focus was on creating a false dichotomy in that area. (wordpress.com)
  • Following the advice given will not necessarily provide complete protection in all situations or against all health hazards that may be caused by indoor air pollution. (epa.gov)
  • While pollutant levels from individual sources may not pose a significant health risk by themselves, most homes have more than one source that contributes to indoor air pollution. (epa.gov)
  • Tobacco-Free MO - Greater St. Louis Coalition is hosting its 4th annual trivia night at DePaul Health Center in the May Community Center. (wordpress.com)
  • Measuring and valuing the health impacts of pollution are very complex and available methods of economic analysis are often rudimentary. (environmental-expert.com)
  • Infants born to women exposed to high levels of air pollution in the week before delivery are more likely to be admitted to a newborn intensive care unit (NICU), suggests an analysis by researchers at the National Institutes of Health. (news-medical.net)
  • The benefits of living in a walkable neighborhood could be diminished by increased exposure to traffic-related air pollution, suggests a study led by St. Michael's Hospital and ICES, a non-profit research institute that uses population-based health information to produce knowledge on a broad range of health care issues. (news-medical.net)
  • A new study soon to appear in the Journal of Public Health suggests that air pollution and living in apartment buildings may be associated with an increased risk for dangerous conditions like heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. (news-medical.net)
  • Indoor air pollution can pose a serious health threat. (cdc.gov)
  • 1. Smoking-Health aspects. (nap.edu)
  • A new study published on Monday adds to growing evidence of the negative health effects of air pollution on pregnant women and their fetuses. (nytimes.com)
  • Nevertheless, outside experts agreed that the findings add to the growing body of evidence about the negative effect of air pollution on the health of pregnant women and their fetuses. (nytimes.com)
  • Health concerns about air pollution have grown rapidly in China over the past decade. (nytimes.com)
  • in other words, researchers used statistical techniques that attempted to allow for the adverse health effects of this exposure when estimating the risk from air pollution. (tobaccoinaustralia.org.au)
  • It also called for better prevention, mainly by tackling smoking, and more 'timely and accurate' diagnosis, including routine lung health and allergy tests. (tobacco.org)
  • At Hardin Memorial Health, although we have long been smoke-free, we recently had to tighten policies. (tobacco.org)
  • As of October 2007, Law 3309, which mandates 100% smoke-free environments in Guatemala, has been approved by the Congress's Health Commission and is still pending discussion in Congress for its approval. (aacrjournals.org)
  • A quantitative comparison of the effects of these interventions would enable public health policy makers to make maximum use of the (usually limited) funds available for tobacco control. (bmj.com)
  • Introduction: annually, many people die due to being exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) which they experience at a number of premises that include health institutions. (who.int)
  • Indoor air pollution can pose a health risk. (aafa.org)
  • The latest studies on human exposure to indoor pollution, released today by the European Commission at its Joint Research Centre (JRC) facilities in Ispra (Italy), reveal that indoor environments pose their own threats to health and, in some cases, can be at least twice as polluting as outdoor environments. (innovations-report.com)
  • According to European Research Commissioner Philippe Busquin: "Traffic and smog are of course major causes of pollution, and we are studying and analysing their impact on human health. (innovations-report.com)
  • INTRODUCTION: Smoking is recognized today as one of the major health problems worldwide. (usp.br)
  • And stopping smoking will have benefits for both your health and others. (cancerresearchuk.org)
  • Such laws may nonetheless be an important public health tool for reducing secondhand smoke. (cdc.gov)
  • A 2004 series of monographs released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a part of the World Health Organisation, summarized research from the 1960s onwards about the carcinogenicity of tobacco on various laboratory animals. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical3
Infections1
  • Since the 1960s, the animal most used in testing the carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke has been the Syrian Golden Hamster due to its resistance to pulmonary infections and the infrequency with which it spontaneously develops pulmonary tumors. (wikipedia.org)
Thirdhand2
Substance1
  • This study indicates that prenatal exposure to air pollution impacts development of self-regulation and as such may underlie the development of many childhood psychopathologies that derive from deficits in self-regulation, such as ADHD, OCD, substance use disorders, and eating disorders," says Margolis. (junkscience.com)
Significantly3
Chronic1
Pesticides1
  • NIEHS currently funds research projects that look at how exposure to pesticides, pollution, and other contaminants, alone and in combination with specific genes, affects neurodegeneration. (nih.gov)
Adverse1
Questionnaires1
  • We collected information prospectively on smoking status and exposure to secondhand smoke based on questionnaires and biochemical findings from all patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome to nine Scottish hospitals during the 10-month period preceding the passage of the legislation and during the same period the next year. (nih.gov)
Vaping and COPD: Is it okay or can it cause more problems?
Vaping and COPD: Is it okay or can it cause more problems? (medicalnewstoday.com)
Healthier You Magazine August 2012 by OurWeekly - issuu
Healthier You Magazine August 2012 by OurWeekly - issuu (issuu.com)
Asthma - familydoctor.org
Asthma - familydoctor.org (familydoctor.org)
Asthma in Kids - familydoctor.org
Asthma in Kids - familydoctor.org (familydoctor.org)
Https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317761.php
Https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317761.php (medicalnewstoday.com)
Indoor Air Pollution: MedlinePlus
Indoor Air Pollution: MedlinePlus (medlineplus.gov)
The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality | Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) | US EPA
The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality | Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) | US EPA (epa.gov)
Hay fever: causes, symptoms and treatments
Hay fever: causes, symptoms and treatments (netdoctor.co.uk)
Clean Air Month in Puerto Rico and Identifying Sources of Indoor Pollution | WebWire
Clean Air Month in Puerto Rico and Identifying Sources of Indoor Pollution | WebWire (webwire.com)
Here's How Asthma and Allergies are Related | KATU
Here's How Asthma and Allergies are Related | KATU (katu.com)
Browsing Publications by Subject Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Browsing Publications by Subject "Tobacco Smoke Pollution" (extranet.who.int)
3 Ways to Reduce Eczema Itching - wikiHow
3 Ways to Reduce Eczema Itching - wikiHow (wikihow.com)
Browsing Technical documents by Subject Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Browsing Technical documents by Subject "Tobacco Smoke Pollution" (extranet.who.int)
Let's Win the Battle Against Hay Fever | HubPages
Let's Win the Battle Against Hay Fever | HubPages (hubpages.com)
Improve Patient Outcomes Through Lung Cancer Awareness
Improve Patient Outcomes Through Lung Cancer Awareness (aapc.com)
Front Matter | Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction | The National Academies Press
Front Matter | Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction | The National Academies Press (nap.edu)
Trips Can Bring Fresh Air To Lung Illness Sufferers - tribunedigital-chicagotribune
Trips Can Bring Fresh Air To Lung Illness Sufferers - tribunedigital-chicagotribune (articles.chicagotribune.com)
Sore Throat: Treatment, Causes, Diagnosis, Symptoms & More
Sore Throat: Treatment, Causes, Diagnosis, Symptoms & More (healthline.com)
Lung cancer symptoms: Hoarseness could reveal your risk of the disease | Express.co.uk
Lung cancer symptoms: Hoarseness could reveal your risk of the disease | Express.co.uk (express.co.uk)
A tobacco industry study of airline cabin air quality: dropping inconvenient findings | Tobacco Control
A tobacco industry study of airline cabin air quality: dropping inconvenient findings | Tobacco Control (tobaccocontrol.bmj.com)