Tissue distribution. Medical search

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Elimination occurs as a result of metabolic processes in the kidney, liver, saliva, sweat, intestine, heart, brain, or other site.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A family of proteins involved in the transport of organic cations. They play an important role in the elimination of a variety of endogenous substances, xenobiotics, and their metabolites from the body.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

Any of the large interior organs in any one of the three great cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A species of PERCIFORMES commonly used in saline aquaculture.

The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.

Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A large stout-bodied, sometimes anadromous, TROUT found in still and flowing waters of the Pacific coast from southern California to Alaska. It has a greenish back, a whitish belly, and pink, red, or lavender stripes on the sides, with usually a sprinkling of black dots. It is highly regarded as a sport and food fish. Its former name was Salmo gairdneri. The sea-run rainbow trouts are often called steelheads. Redband trouts refer to interior populations of rainbows.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Unstable isotopes of gallium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ga atoms with atomic weights 63-68, 70 and 72-76 are radioactive gallium isotopes.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

A trans-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature. The compound is used as an oral suntanning agent and as a food and drug coloring agent. Oral ingestion of the compound causes canthaxanthin retinopathy.

An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.

Specialized tissues that are components of the lymphatic system. They provide fixed locations within the body where a variety of LYMPHOCYTES can form, mature and multiply. The lymphoid tissues are connected by a network of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The spontaneous transformation of a nuclide into one or more different nuclides, accompanied by either the emission of particles from the nucleus, nuclear capture or ejection of orbital electrons, or fission. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Organs and other anatomical structures of non-human vertebrate and invertebrate animals.

Paired respiratory organs of fishes and some amphibians that are analogous to lungs. They are richly supplied with blood vessels by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly with the environment.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

An organic cation transporter found in kidney. It is localized to the basal lateral membrane and is likely to be involved in the renal secretion of organic cations.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).

Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, atomic number 85, and atomic weight 210. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

The portion of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT between the PYLORUS of the STOMACH and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE. It is divisible into three portions: the DUODENUM, the JEJUNUM, and the ILEUM.

Proteins involved in the transport of organic anions. They play an important role in the elimination of a variety of endogenous substances, xenobiotics and their metabolites from the body.

A genus of pufferfish commonly used for research.

Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Proteins obtained from species of fish (FISHES).

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.

Scandium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.

A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the ADRENAL CORTEX producing STEROIDS and the ADRENAL MEDULLA producing NEUROTRANSMITTERS.

Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Deposits of ADIPOSE TISSUE throughout the body. The pattern of fat deposits in the body regions is an indicator of health status. Excess ABDOMINAL FAT increases health risks more than excess fat around the hips or thighs, therefore, WAIST-HIP RATIO is often used to determine health risks.

The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.

N(6)-(2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine. An unusual amino acid, not a dipeptide, which has been found in proteins of cooked foods. It is formed in food that is heated or treated with alkali. Has been implicated in nephrocytomegalia in rats.

Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.

Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. It contains a hemagglutinin.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Unstable isotopes of zinc that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Zn atoms with atomic weights 60-63, 65, 69, 71, and 72 are radioactive zinc isotopes.

Components of a cell.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

A plant species in the genus SAMBUCUS, known for the elderberry fruit. The plant is also a source of Sambucus nigra lectins and ribosome-inactivating protein.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Delivery of substances through VENIPUNCTURE into the VEINS.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

Dynamic and kinetic mechanisms of exogenous chemical and DRUG LIBERATION; ABSORPTION; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; elimination; and DRUG TOXICITY as a function of dosage, and rate of METABOLISM. LADMER, ADME and ADMET are abbreviations for liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicology.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

An indole derivative effective in schizophrenia and other psychoses and possibly useful in the treatment of the aggressive type of undersocialized conduct disorder. Molindone has much lower affinity for D2 receptors than most antipsychotic agents and has a relatively low affinity for D1 receptors. It has only low to moderate affinity for cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Some electrophysiologic data from animals indicate that molindone has certain characteristics that resemble those of CLOZAPINE. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p283)

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Arctiin (LIGNANS) is in the seed.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Unstable isotopes of fluorine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. F atoms with atomic weights 17, 18, and 20-22 are radioactive fluorine isotopes.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.

The buttercup plant family of the order Ranunculales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. The leaves are usually alternate and stalkless. The flowers usually have two to five free sepals and may be radially symmetrical or irregular.

Relating to the size of solids.

An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of the DUODENUM.

All the organs involved in reproduction and the formation and release of URINE. It includes the kidneys, ureters, BLADDER; URETHRA, and the organs of reproduction - ovaries, UTERUS; FALLOPIAN TUBES; VAGINA; and CLITORIS in women and the testes; SEMINAL VESICLES; PROSTATE; seminal ducts; and PENIS in men.

Serum globulins with high molecular weight. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

Chemical substances that are foreign to the biological system. They include naturally occurring compounds, drugs, environmental agents, carcinogens, insecticides, etc.

A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the opposite direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

BIRDS of the large family Psittacidae, widely distributed in tropical regions and having a distinctive stout, curved hooked bill. The family includes LOVEBIRDS; AMAZON PARROTS; conures; PARAKEETS; and many other kinds of parrots.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

An aldehyde oxidoreductase expressed predominantly in the LIVER; LUNGS; and KIDNEY. It catalyzes the oxidation of a variety of organic aldehydes and N-heterocyclic compounds to CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, and also oxidizes quinoline and pyridine derivatives. The enzyme utilizes molybdenum cofactor and FAD as cofactors.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Common name for an order (Anguilliformes) of voracious, elongate, snakelike teleost fishes.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

A species of the genus MACACA which typically lives near the coast in tidal creeks and mangrove swamps primarily on the islands of the Malay peninsula.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the same direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.

Inorganic compounds that contain fluorine as an integral part of the molecule.

The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.

Unstable isotopes of indium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. In atoms with atomic weights 106-112, 113m, 114, and 116-124 are radioactive indium isotopes.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

A freshwater fish used as an experimental organism and for food. This genus of the family Cichlidae (CICHLIDS) inhabits Central and South America (one species extends north into Texas), West Indies, Africa, Madagascar, Syria, and coastal India.

Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.

The degree of similarity between sequences. Studies of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY provide useful information about the genetic relatedness of genes, gene products, and species.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

The various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and delivered to the target tissue.

Measurement of radioactivity in the entire human body.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of negatively charged molecules (anions) across a biological membrane.

Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A 170-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. It serves as an ATP-dependent efflux pump for a variety of chemicals, including many ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of this glycoprotein is associated with multidrug resistance (see DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE).

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS that induce a dispersion of undissolved material throughout a liquid.

A family of proteins involved in the transport of monocarboxylic acids such as LACTIC ACID and PYRUVIC ACID across cellular membranes.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

The largest family of cell surface receptors involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They share a common structure and signal through HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS.

Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.

A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Cell surface receptors that bind CORTICOTROPIN; (ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone) with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes. Pharmacology suggests there may be multiple ACTH receptors. An ACTH receptor has been cloned and belongs to a subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. In addition to the adrenal cortex, ACTH receptors are found in the brain and immune systems.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using an immunosorbent containing the homologous antigen or antibody.

The parts of the gene sequence that carry out the different functions of the GENES.

Fatty tissue under the SKIN through out the body.

A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.82, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

Ductless glands that secrete HORMONES directly into the BLOOD CIRCULATION. These hormones influence the METABOLISM and other functions of cells in the body.

The convoluted cordlike structure attached to the posterior of the TESTIS. Epididymis consists of the head (caput), the body (corpus), and the tail (cauda). A network of ducts leaving the testis joins into a common epididymal tubule proper which provides the transport, storage, and maturation of SPERMATOZOA.

Separation of shoot and floral identity in Arabidopsis. (1/18708)

The overall morphology of an Arabidopsis plant depends on the behaviour of its meristems. Meristems derived from the shoot apex can develop into either shoots or flowers. The distinction between these alternative fates requires separation between the function of floral meristem identity genes and the function of an antagonistic group of genes, which includes TERMINAL FLOWER 1. We show that the activities of these genes are restricted to separate domains of the shoot apex by different mechanisms. Meristem identity genes, such as LEAFY, APETALA 1 and CAULIFLOWER, prevent TERMINAL FLOWER 1 transcription in floral meristems on the apex periphery. TERMINAL FLOWER 1, in turn, can inhibit the activity of meristem identity genes at the centre of the shoot apex in two ways; first by delaying their upregulation, and second, by preventing the meristem from responding to LEAFY or APETALA 1. We suggest that the wild-type pattern of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 and floral meristem identity gene expression depends on the relative timing of their upregulation. (+info)

Novel regulation of the homeotic gene Scr associated with a crustacean leg-to-maxilliped appendage transformation. (2/18708)

Homeotic genes are known to be involved in patterning morphological structures along the antero-posterior axis of insects and vertebrates. Because of their important roles in development, changes in the function and expression patterns of homeotic genes may have played a major role in the evolution of different body plans. For example, it has been proposed that during the evolution of several crustacean lineages, changes in the expression patterns of the homeotic genes Ultrabithorax and abdominal-A have played a role in transformation of the anterior thoracic appendages into mouthparts termed maxillipeds. This homeotic-like transformation is recapitulated at the late stages of the direct embryonic development of the crustacean Porcellio scaber (Oniscidea, Isopoda). Interestingly, this morphological change is associated with apparent novelties both in the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the Porcellio scaber ortholog of the Drosophila homeotic gene, Sex combs reduced (Scr). Specifically, we find that Scr mRNA is present in the second maxillary segment and the first pair of thoracic legs (T1) in early embryos, whereas protein accumulates only in the second maxillae. In later stages, however, high levels of SCR appear in the T1 legs, which correlates temporally with the transformation of these appendages into maxillipeds. Our observations provide further insight into the process of the homeotic leg-to-maxilliped transformation in the evolution of crustaceans and suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for this process in this group of arthropods. (+info)

Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila giant protein: cis element positioning provides an alternative means of interpreting an effector gradient. (3/18708)

Early developmental patterning of the Drosophila embryo is driven by the activities of a diverse set of maternally and zygotically derived transcription factors, including repressors encoded by gap genes such as Kruppel, knirps, giant and the mesoderm-specific snail. The mechanism of repression by gap transcription factors is not well understood at a molecular level. Initial characterization of these transcription factors suggests that they act as short-range repressors, interfering with the activity of enhancer or promoter elements 50 to 100 bp away. To better understand the molecular mechanism of short-range repression, we have investigated the properties of the Giant gap protein. We tested the ability of endogenous Giant to repress when bound close to the transcriptional initiation site and found that Giant effectively represses a heterologous promoter when binding sites are located at -55 bp with respect to the start of transcription. Consistent with its role as a short-range repressor, as the binding sites are moved to more distal locations, repression is diminished. Rather than exhibiting a sharp 'step-function' drop-off in activity, however, repression is progressively restricted to areas of highest Giant concentration. Less than a two-fold difference in Giant protein concentration is sufficient to determine a change in transcriptional status of a target gene. This effect demonstrates that Giant protein gradients can be differentially interpreted by target promoters, depending on the exact location of the Giant binding sites within the gene. Thus, in addition to binding site affinity and number, cis element positioning within a promoter can affect the response of a gene to a repressor gradient. We also demonstrate that a chimeric Gal4-Giant protein lacking the basic/zipper domain can specifically repress reporter genes, suggesting that the Giant effector domain is an autonomous repression domain. (+info)

A Wnt5a pathway underlies outgrowth of multiple structures in the vertebrate embryo. (4/18708)

Morphogenesis depends on the precise control of basic cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. Wnt5a may regulate these processes since it is expressed in a gradient at the caudal end of the growing embryo during gastrulation, and later in the distal-most aspect of several structures that extend from the body. A loss-of-function mutation of Wnt5a leads to an inability to extend the A-P axis due to a progressive reduction in the size of caudal structures. In the limbs, truncation of the proximal skeleton and absence of distal digits correlates with reduced proliferation of putative progenitor cells within the progress zone. However, expression of progress zone markers, and several genes implicated in distal outgrowth and patterning including Distalless, Hoxd and Fgf family members was not altered. Taken together with the outgrowth defects observed in the developing face, ears and genitals, our data indicates that Wnt5a regulates a pathway common to many structures whose development requires extension from the primary body axis. The reduced number of proliferating cells in both the progress zone and the primitive streak mesoderm suggests that one function of Wnt5a is to regulate the proliferation of progenitor cells. (+info)

The homeobox gene Pitx2: mediator of asymmetric left-right signaling in vertebrate heart and gut looping. (5/18708)

Left-right asymmetry in vertebrates is controlled by activities emanating from the left lateral plate. How these signals get transmitted to the forming organs is not known. A candidate mediator in mouse, frog and zebrafish embryos is the homeobox gene Pitx2. It is asymmetrically expressed in the left lateral plate mesoderm, tubular heart and early gut tube. Localized Pitx2 expression continues when these organs undergo asymmetric looping morphogenesis. Ectopic expression of Xnr1 in the right lateral plate induces Pitx2 transcription in Xenopus. Misexpression of Pitx2 affects situs and morphology of organs. These experiments suggest a role for Pitx2 in promoting looping of the linear heart and gut. (+info)

Mrj encodes a DnaJ-related co-chaperone that is essential for murine placental development. (6/18708)

We have identified a novel gene in a gene trap screen that encodes a protein related to the DnaJ co-chaperone in E. coli. The gene, named Mrj (mammalian relative of DnaJ) was expressed throughout development in both the embryo and placenta. Within the placenta, expression was particularly high in trophoblast giant cells but moderate levels were also observed in trophoblast cells of the chorion at embryonic day 8.5, and later in the labyrinth which arises from the attachment of the chorion to the allantois (a process called chorioallantoic fusion). Insertion of the ROSAbetageo gene trap vector into the Mrj gene created a null allele. Homozygous Mrj mutants died at mid-gestation due to a failure of chorioallantoic fusion at embryonic day 8.5, which precluded formation of the mature placenta. At embryonic day 8.5, the chorion in mutants was morphologically normal and expressed the cell adhesion molecule beta4 integrin that is known to be required for chorioallantoic fusion. However, expression of the chorionic trophoblast-specific transcription factor genes Err2 and Gcm1 was significantly reduced. The mutants showed no abnormal phenotypes in other trophoblast cell types or in the embryo proper. This study indicates a previously unsuspected role for chaperone proteins in placental development and represents the first genetic analysis of DnaJ-related protein function in higher eukaryotes. Based on a survey of EST databases representing different mouse tissues and embryonic stages, there are 40 or more DnaJ-related genes in mammals. In addition to Mrj, at least two of these genes are also expressed in the developing mouse placenta. The specificity of the developmental defect in Mrj mutants suggests that each of these genes may have unique tissue and cellular activities. (+info)

Requirement of a novel gene, Xin, in cardiac morphogenesis. (7/18708)

A novel gene, Xin, from chick (cXin) and mouse (mXin) embryonic hearts, may be required for cardiac morphogenesis and looping. Both cloned cDNAs have a single open reading frame, encoding proteins with 2,562 and 1,677 amino acids for cXin and mXin, respectively. The derived amino acid sequences share 46% similarity. The overall domain structures of the predicted cXin and mXin proteins, including proline-rich regions, 16 amino acid repeats, DNA-binding domains, SH3-binding motifs and nuclear localization signals, are highly conserved. Northern blot analyses detect a single message of 8.9 and 5.8 kilo base (kb) from both cardiac and skeletal muscle of chick and mouse, respectively. In situ hybridization reveals that the cXin gene is specifically expressed in cardiac progenitor cells of chick embryos as early as stage 8, prior to heart tube formation. cXin continues to be expressed in the myocardium of developing hearts. By stage 15, cXin expression is also detected in the myotomes of developing somites. Immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that the mXin protein is colocalized with N-cadherin and connexin-43 in the intercalated discs of adult mouse hearts. Incubation of stage 6 chick embryos with cXin antisense oligonucleotides results in abnormal cardiac morphogenesis and an alteration of cardiac looping. The myocardium of the affected hearts becomes thickened and tends to form multiple invaginations into the heart cavity. This abnormal cellular process may account in part for the abnormal looping. cXin expression can be induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in explants of anterior medial mesoendoderm from stage 6 chick embryos, a tissue that is normally non-cardiogenic. This induction occurs following the BMP-mediated induction of two cardiac-restricted transcription factors, Nkx2.5 and MEF2C. Furthermore, either MEF2C or Nkx2.5 can transactivate a luciferase reporter driven by the mXin promoter in mouse fibroblasts. These results suggest that Xin may participate in a BMP-Nkx2.5-MEF2C pathway to control cardiac morphogenesis and looping. (+info)

Regulation of body length and male tail ray pattern formation of Caenorhabditis elegans by a member of TGF-beta family. (8/18708)

We have identified a new member of the TGF-beta superfamily, CET-1, from Caenorhabditis elegans, which is expressed in the ventral nerve cord and other neurons. cet-1 null mutants have shortened bodies and male tail abnormal phenotype resembling sma mutants, suggesting cet-1, sma-2, sma-3 and sma-4 share a common pathway. Overexpression experiments demonstrated that cet-1 function requires wild-type sma genes. Interestingly, CET-1 appears to affect body length in a dose-dependent manner. Heterozygotes for cet-1 displayed body lengths ranging between null mutant and wild type, and overexpression of CET-1 in wild-type worms elongated body length close to lon mutants. In male sensory ray patterning, lack of cet-1 function results in ray fusions. Epistasis analysis revealed that mab-21 lies downstream and is negatively regulated by the cet-1/sma pathway in the male tail. Our results show that cet-1 controls diverse biological processes during C. elegans development probably through different target genes. (+info)

Tissue distribution[edit]. The liver is the main site of transferrin synthesis but other tissues and organs, including the ... Ritchie RF, Palomaki GE, Neveux LM, Navolotskaia O, Ledue TB, Craig WY (1999). "Reference distributions for the negative acute- ... role of transferrin is to deliver iron from absorption centers in the duodenum and white blood cell macrophages to all tissues ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferrin

Tissue distribution[edit]. Elastin serves an important function in arteries as a medium for pressure wave propagation to help ... Elastin is a highly elastic protein in connective tissue and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after ... Tissue specific variants of elastin are produced by alternative splicing of the tropoelastin gene. There are at least 11 known ... In the body, elastin is usually associated with other proteins in connective tissues. Elastic fiber in the body is a mixture of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin

Tissue distribution[edit]. LAG-3 is expressed on activated T cells,[11] natural killer cells,[6] B cells[12] and plasmacytoid ... Huard B, Gaulard P, Faure F, Hercend T, Triebel F (January 1, 1994). "Cellular expression and tissue distribution of the human ... Cai XF, Tao Z, Yan ZQ, Yang SL, Gong Y (Apr 2003). "Molecular cloning, characterisation and tissue-specific expression of human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAG3

Tissue distribution[edit]. GDF11 is expressed in many tissues, including skeletal muscle, pancreas, kidney, nervous system, and ... It has been reported that GDF11 is down-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissue, compared with surrounding tissue, and pancreatic ... the expression of GDF11 was significantly higher compared with normal tissue (56). The classification of the patient cohort in ... and stimulates adiponectin secretion from white adipose tissue by direct action on adipocytes, while repairing neurogenesis in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF11

Tissue distribution, localization and dynamics[edit]. Investigating the tissue distribution of the citron isoforms with and ... Di Cunto F, Calautti E, Hsiao J, Ong L, Topley G, Turco E, Dotto GP (Nov 1998). "Citron rho-interacting kinase, a novel tissue- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIT_

Tissue distribution[edit]. Ferroportin is found on the basolateral membranes of intestinal epithelia of mammals, including:[11] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroportin

Tissue distribution[edit]. GLUT1 expression occurs in almost all tissues, with the degree of expression typically correlating ... In the adult it is expressed at highest levels in erythrocytes and also in the endothelial cells of barrier tissues such as the ... The glucose transporter of erythrocytes (called GLUT1 to distinguish it from related glucose transporters in other tissues) is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUT1

Tissue distribution[edit]. The CD8 co-receptor is predominantly expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T cells, but can also be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD8

Tissue distribution and function[edit]. 5-HT1B receptors are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-HT1B_receptor

Tissue distribution[edit]. The gene is expressed in the lysosomes of all organs and tissues.[8] Cystinosin has also been found ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTNS_

Structure and tissue distribution[edit]. The gene for LAMP2 has 9 coding exons and 2 alternate last exons, 9a and 9b.[6] When ... Kazakova MH, Staykov DG, Koev IG, Kitov BD, Sarafian VS (2014-09-01). "A comparative study of LAMPs and YKL-40 tissue ... Aumüller G, Renneberg H, Hasilik A (February 1997). "Distribution and subcellular localization of a lysosome-associated protein ... "Differential expression of the lysosome-associated membrane proteins in normal human tissues". Archives of Biochemistry and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAMP2

Tissue distribution and isoforms[edit]. CD44 is expressed in a large number of mammalian cell types. The standard isoform, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD44

Internal distribution. Main article: Vascular tissue. Vascular plants differ from other plants in that nutrients are ... or reproductive tissues, with more primitive plants lacking some tissue types.[69] ... depending on the hardiness of the tissue. At freezing temperatures, water in the intercellular spaces of plant tissue freezes ... Distribution. Plants are distributed almost worldwide. While they inhabit a multitude of biomes and ecoregions, few can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant

Soft tissue inflammation and pain.. As per bufexamac. Flurbiprofen. Comes in sodium salt and free acid forms; fairly insoluble ... Volume of distribution = 9-12 L/kg; half-life = 2.2-2.7 hours.. Moderate-severe pain.. As per codeine. ... Musculoskeletal disorders; soft-tissue disorders; sore throat.. As per diclofenac. Bromfenac. Comes in free acid form; ... Musculoskeletal pain and soft tissue injuries.. As per bufexamac. Fenbufen. Comes as free acid; fairly insoluble in most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algesic

Production and distribution in the grass plant[edit]. Figure 3. Neotyphodium coenophialum hyphae in tall fescue leaf tissue. ... Justus, M; Witte, L; Hartmann, T (1997). "Levels and tissue distribution of loline alkaloids in endophyte-infected Festuca ... suggests regulation of in planta loline distributions, providing greater protection of newly grown or embryonic tissues against ... The lolines are produced at levels, however, that can exceed 10 mg/g grass tissue (ranging from 2-20,000 µg/g[1][16]), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loline_alkaloids

Jaspars LH, Vos W, Aust G, Van Lier RA, Hamann J (Apr 2001). "Tissue distribution of the human CD97 EGF-TM7 receptor". Tissue ... Eichler W, Hamann J, Aust G (Nov 1997). "Expression characteristics of the human CD97 antigen". Tissue Antigens. 50 (5): 429-38 ... Cell and Tissue Research. 324 (1): 139-47. doi:10.1007/s00441-005-0103-2. PMID 16408199.. ... In brain tissue, CD97 is undetectable in normal white matter, and expression of CD55 is fairly restricted to the endothelium. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD97

Conditioning plant tissues associated with oviposition. Distribution and habitat[edit]. Habitats range from caves to rainforest ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adephaga

Tissue distributionEdit. Human storage of thiamine is about 25 to 30 mg, with the greatest concentrations in skeletal muscle, ... has been identified in rat serum and is believed to be a hormone-regulated carrier protein important for tissue distribution of ... Uptake of thiamine by cells of the blood and other tissues occurs via active transport and passive diffusion.[10] About 80% of ... Calcium and magnesium have been shown to affect the distribution of thiamine in the body and magnesium deficiency has been ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamin

Species, tissue, and subcellular distributionEdit. P-gp is expressed primarily in certain cell types in the liver, pancreas, ... Regulating the distribution and bioavailability of drugs *Increased intestinal expression of P-glycoprotein can reduce the ... and/or activity in various tissues (e.g. the liver, gut and heart) appears to be small. Although polymorphisms and haplotypes ... "Cellular localization of the multidrug-resistance gene product P-glycoprotein in normal human tissues". Proceedings of the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-glycoprotein

Tissue distributionEdit. Cells expressing CD34 (CD34+ cell) are normally found in the umbilical cord and bone marrow as ... tissue homeostasis. • positive regulation of vasculogenesis. • endothelium development. • regulation of immune response. • ... The presence of CD34 on non-hematopoietic cells in various tissues has been linked to progenitor and adult stem cell phenotypes ... as well as cells in soft tissue tumors like DFSP, GIST, SFT, HPC, and to some degree in MPNSTs, etc. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD34

Tissue distributionEdit. EAAT3 is expressed on the plasma membrane of neurons, specifically on the dendrites and axon terminals ... Bar-Peled O, Ben-Hur H, Biegon A, Groner Y, Dewhurst S, Furuta A, Rothstein JD (1997). "Distribution of glutamate transporter ... Noorlander CW, de Graan PN, Nikkels PG, Schrama LH, Visser GH (2004). "Distribution of glutamate transporters in the human ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory_amino_acid_transporter_3

"Characterization and distribution of HLA-B*5002 in a Spanish population sample". Tissue Antigens. 52 (2): 183-6. doi:10.1111/j. ... Tissue Antigens. 75 (4): 291-455. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01466.x. PMC 2848993. PMID 20356336. derived from IMGT/HLA Balas ... Tissue Antigens. 61 (5): 403-7. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00062.x. PMID 12753660. External link in ,title= (help). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-B50

This haplotype has a similar distribution as A34-B56. These haplotypes indicate that long range/oversees migrations were taking ... Tissue Antigens. 11 (2): 96-112. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1978.tb01233.x. PMID 77067. Allele Query Form IMGT/HLA - European ... Bioinformatics Institute Middleton D, Menchaca L, Rood H, Komerofsky R (2003). "New allele frequency database". Tissue Antigens ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A34

Scar Tissue. "American Inks With Rep for Distribution of Select Titles". Billboard Magazine November 5, 1994. November 5, 1994 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Boyle_(record_producer)

"New technology for deep light distribution in tissue for phototherapy". Cancer Journal. 8 (2): 154-63. doi:10.1097/00130404- ... allows deeper tissue penetration. (Tissue is much more transparent at longer wavelengths (~700-850 nm). Longer wavelengths ... In air and tissue, molecular oxygen (O2) occurs in a triplet state, whereas almost all other molecules are in a singlet state. ... Tissue penetration by light at this wavelength is 50% greater than that achieved for Photofrin (λmax. = 630 nm).[5] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodynamic_therapy

... tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of the prepronociceptin gene". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... The N/OFQ-NOP system is found in central and peripheral nervous tissue, where it is well placed to modulate nociception, or the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nociceptin

Finch T, Lawlor E, Borton M, Barnes C, McNamara S, O'Riordan J, McCann S, Darke C (1997). "Distribution of HLA-A, B and DR ... Schipper R, Schreuder G, D'Amaro J, Oudshoorn M (1996). "HLA gene and haplotype frequencies in Dutch blood donors". Tissue ... MacKie RM, Dick HM (February 1979). "A study of HLA antigen distribution in families with atopic dermatitis". Allergy. 34 (1): ... November 1979). "Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with HLA-DRw3". Tissue Antigens. 14 (5): 449-52. doi:10.1111/j.1399- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA_A1-B8_haplotype

The first distribution appears to have a Western distribution that introgresses into Europe as a result of the Post-neolithic ... 2006). "HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 polymorphism defined by sequence-based typing of the Han population in Northern China". Tissue ... Hong W, Fu Y, Chen S, Wang F, Ren X, Xu A (2005). "Distributions of HLA class I alleles and haplotypes in Northern Han Chinese ... 2006). "Allelic distribution of HLA class I genes in the Tibetan ethnic population of China". Int. J. Immunogenet. 33 (6): 439- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A33

tissue distribution Ca2+/Na+. selectivity heteromeric associated subunits other associated proteins ... Later, TRP channels were found in vertebrates where they are ubiquitously expressed in many cell types and tissues. There are ... particularly in pancreatic tissue where TRPV1 is highly expressed.[14] The TRPV1 agonist capsaicin, found in chili peppers, has ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV

A variety of distributions are possible. In some cases, hair loss is gradual, without symptoms, and is unnoticed for long ... It can be caused by a diverse group of rare disorders that destroy the hair follicle, replace it with scar tissue, and cause ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarring_hair_loss

"Detritus can be broadly defined as any form of non-living organic matter, including different types of plant tissue (e.g. leaf ... distribution, or biomass in the trophic levels. For example, predators eating herbivores indirectly influence the control and ... Many of the Earth's elements and minerals (or mineral nutrients) are contained within the tissues and diets of organisms. Hence ... litter, dead wood, aquatic macrophytes, algae), animal tissue (carrion), dead microbes, faeces (manure, dung, faecal pellets, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web

Furthermore, most tissues (with the notable exception of liver and kidneys) cannot remove the phosphate added by hexokinase. ... These algorithms compute an estimate of the likely distribution of annihilation events that led to the measured data, based on ... The emitted positron travels in tissue for a short distance (typically less than 1 mm, but dependent on the isotope[34]), ... The uptake of the drug, the tissues in which it concentrates, and its eventual elimination, can be monitored far more quickly ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PET_scan

The arrangement of veins (the vascular tissue). These three tissue systems typically form a regular organization at the ... Of these, angiosperms have the greatest diversity.[25] Within these the major veins function as the support and distribution ... Both are embedded in a dense parenchyma tissue, called the sheath, which usually includes some structural collenchyma tissue. ... or chlorenchyma tissue called the mesophyll (Greek for "middle leaf"). This assimilation tissue is the primary location of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline

Hazelton's veterinary pathologist sent tissue samples from dead animals to the United States Army Medical Research Institute of ... although the uneven distribution of cases was causing serious shortfalls in some areas.[189] On 28 January 2015, the WHO ... Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution.[1] Prevention includes ... An electron microscopist from USAMRIID discovered filoviruses similar in appearance to Ebola in the tissue samples sent from ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

Distribution[edit]. At the beginning of the Paleolithic, hominins were found primarily in eastern Africa, east of the Great ... "The expensive-tissue hypothesis" (PDF). Current Anthropology. 36: 199. doi:10.1086/204350 ... Gavashelishvili, A.; Tarkhnishvili, D. (2016). "Biomes and human distribution during the last ice age". Global Ecology and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic

... the follicle can break into the deeper layers of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue and cause the formation of deep nodules.[1] ... described as discrete slightly raised scars in a linear distribution similar to a tram track). The latter is thought to be ... whereas keloid scars can form scar tissue outside of these borders.[32] Keloid scars from acne occur more often in men and ... skin discoloration and connective tissue damage from the accumulation of homogentisic acid).[35] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

Its tissue distribution and biologic actions were further investigated over the following decades.[1] The eleven-amino-acid ... The original discovery of Substance P (SP) was in 1931 by Ulf von Euler and John H. Gaddum as a tissue extract that caused ... The above processes are part and parcel to tissue integrity and repair. Substance P has been known to stimulate cell growth in ... Elevation of serum, plasma, or tissue SP and/or its receptor (NK1R) has been associated with many diseases: sickle cell crisis; ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P

Once the shell is penetrated, the prey dies almost instantaneously, its muscles relax, and the soft tissues are easy for the ... 4 Distribution and habitat. *5 Behaviour and ecology *5.1 Feeding. *5.2 Locomotion ... The skin consists of a thin outer epidermis with mucous cells and sensory cells, and a connective tissue dermis consisting ... Extensive connective tissue lattices support the respiratory muscles and allow them to expand the respiratory chamber.[37] The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda

Siminovitch L, McCulloch EA, Till JE (1963). "The distribution of colony-forming cells among spleen colonies". Journal of ... stem cells in adult bone marrow and other tissues". Leukemia 21 (5): 860-7. PMID 17344915. ... "Stem-cell therapy shows promise for horse soft-tissue injury, disease". DVM Newsmagazine. Vaadatud 2013-10-21 ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tüvirakud

Histology is the study of the structures of biological tissues by light microscopy, electron microscopy and ... justice - concerns the distribution of scarce health resources, and the decision of who gets what treatment (fairness and ... the knowledge of what happens at the cellular and molecular level in the tissues being stitched arises through science. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical

The order of priority of photosynthate distribution is probably: first to apical growth and new needle formation, then to buds ... Form of nitrogen affected both the total amount and relative composition of the soluble nitrogen in white spruce tissues ( ... The concentrations of nutrient in plant tissues depend on many factors, including growing conditions. Interpretation of ... influenced by the distribution of photosynthate from its needles and the hormonal gradients controlled by the apical meristems ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coniferous_forest

In some parts of the geographical distribution of STARI, Lyme disease is quite rare (e.g., Arkansas), so people in these ... where Borrelia avoids being killed by the immune system by resembling normal parts of the body's tissues.[98][99] ... Many of the signs and symptoms of Lyme disease are a consequence of the immune response to spirochete in those tissues.[41] ... Biopsy and confirmation of Borrelia cells in myocardial tissue may be used in specific cases but are usually not done because ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

... and is produced in a tissue-selective manner based on expression of 5α-reductase.[111] Tissues in which DHT forms at a high ... feminine changes in fat mass and distribution, and reduced penile length and testicular size.[74] In addition, antiandrogens ... stimulating cell division and tissue growth.[13] In accordance, therapeutic modalities that reduce androgen signaling in the ... and because DHT is important as an endogenous androgen only in select tissues, 5α-reductase inhibitors have minimal side ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiandrogen

This is because the virus has an affinity for the placenta and other highly vascular tissues. The fetus has only a one in ten ... as Lassa fever may affect spatial clustering of the disease by limiting the understanding of the incidence and distribution of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever

Distribution organizations. Several organizations exist that help to give and receive wheelchair equipment. Organizations that ... the parts of the body that are the most at risk for tissue breakdown include the ischial tuberosities, coccyx, sacrum and ... Most recently, pressure imaging (or pressure mapping) is used to help determine each individual's pressure distribution to ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelchair

Initially, moving organisms such as sharks and hagfish, scavenge the soft tissues at a rapid rate over a period of months, and ... These vary from size, to coloration, to distribution, but they all share a similar hunting style. They use a suction technique ... These vibrations are received through fatty tissues in the jaw, which is then rerouted into the ear-bone and into the brain ... "Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) Facts - Distribution - In the Zoo". World Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Retrieved 5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale

Global reptile distribution (excluding birds) Because some reptiles are more closely related to birds than they are to other ... Morphological and cellular aspects of tail and limb regeneration in lizards a model system with implications for tissue ... via connective tissue) to the rest of the viscera. By using a series of special muscles (roughly equivalent to a diaphragm), ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptile

CTLM images show hemoglobin distribution in a tissue and can detect areas of Angiogenesis surrounding malignant tumors, that ... The technology uses laser in the same way computed tomography uses X-Rays, these beams travel through tissue and suffer ... to detect angiogenesis in the breast tissue. It is optical molecular imaging for hemoglobin both oxygenated and deoxygenated. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computed_tomography_laser_mammography

First, an infected tissue sample is taken from the patient. Then an oligonucleotide complementary to the suspected pathogen's ... Preparing DNA probes for one species and performing FISH with this probe allows one to visualize the distribution of this ... The tissue sample is chemically treated in order to make the cell membranes permeable to the fluorescently tagged ... If a patient is infected with a suspected pathogen, bacteria, from the patient's tissues or fluids, are typically grown on agar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization

Roberts, JC; Reavill, C; East, SZ; Harrison, PJ; Patel, S; Routledge, C; Leslie, RA (2002). "The distribution of 5-HT(6) ... "Characterization of 125I-SB-258585 binding to human recombinant and native 5-HT6 receptors in rat, pig and human brain tissue" ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SB-258,585

Soft tissue laceration[edit]. Facial nerve branches. Facial nerve should be examined for any potential damage when buccal ... Zadik Y, Levin L (February 2009). "Does a free-of-charge distribution of boil-and-bite mouthguards to young adult amateur ... The layers of tissue that make up the tooth are clearly visible, with the pink pulp standing out against the paler dentine and ... Soft tissues injuries are presented commonly in association with dental trauma. Areas normally affected are lips, buccal mucosa ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_trauma

Distribution and habitat[edit]. Fire corals are found on reefs in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans and the Caribbean ... The zooxanthellae live inside the tissues of the coral, and provide the coral with food, which they produce through ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_coral

Rogers DJ, Wilson AJ, Hay SI, Graham AJ (2006). The global distribution of yellow fever and dengue. Adv. Parasitol. Advances in ... A French team developed the French neurotropic vaccine (FNV), which was extracted from mouse brain tissue. Since this vaccine ... Programmes for distribution of mosquito nets for use in homes are providing reductions in cases of both malaria and yellow ... reduced tissue damage in the liver and spleen, prevented hepatocellular steatosis, and normalised levels of alanine ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever

DistributionEdit. Amaranthaceae is a widespread and cosmopolitan family from the tropics to cool temperate regions. The ... Idioblasts are found in the tissues. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenopodiaceae

... such as frozen tissue collections, requiring new collecting and preservation techniques are added to the existing holdings.[74] ... enabling analyses of distribution shifts due to climate changes, land use changes and others.[80] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_Museum

This, in turn, required stronger soft-tissue connections between head and torso, including muscles and ligaments connecting the ... umlambo and Umzantsia amazana from high latitude Gondwana setting indicate that the tetrapods enjoyed a global distribution by ... connected to the torso by muscle and other soft-tissue connections. The result is the appearance of the neck. This feature ... in which oxygenated blood from the lungs and de-oxygenated blood from the respiring tissues enters by separate atria, and is ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod

Other selective pressures, including diet, can also dramatically impact dental anatomy.[38] The spatial distribution of tools ... "Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39 million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia". Nature. 466 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_habilis

Habitat and distribution[edit]. Fruit bodies of Mycena chlorophos are found in forests, where they grow in groups on woody ... Clamp connections are present in the hyphae of all tissues.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycena_chlorophos

Because bone is a dynamic tissue that is remodeled over time, and because different parts of the skeleton are laid down at ... Bazarsad posits several reasons for this distribution of cribra orbitalia: adults may have lower rates of cribra orbitalia than ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioarchaeology

Kuhlmann J., Rietbrock N., Schnieders B. (1978) Tissue Distribution of Cardiac Glycosides. In: Bodem G., Dengler H.J. (eds) ... Fischer, C.S., Sjoerdsma, A., Johnson, R.: The tissue distribution and excretion of radioactive digitoxin. Circulation 5, 496- ... Doherty, J.E., Perkins, W.H.: Tissue concentration and turnover of tritiated digoxin in dogs. Am. J. Cardiol. 17, 47-52 (1966) ... Bine, R., Friedman, M., Byers, S.O., Bland, C.: The deposition of digitoxin in the tissues of the rat after parenteral ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-66904-0_10

In this chapter, we review the components and tissue distribution of this previously unknown but ubiquitous and complex ECS ... Endocannabinoid System Components: Overview and Tissue Distribution.. Joshi N1, Onaivi ES2. ... The distribution and function of the components of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the central nervous system (CNS) and ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=31332731

Occurrence and tissue distribution of porcine circovirus type 2 identified by immunohistochemistry in danish finishing pigs at ... Accordingly, the occurrence and tissue distribution of PCV2 was examined in Danish finishing pigs at the time of slaughter. ... One or more tissues of 61% of the pigs were positive for PCV2 antigen. Up to 78% of the pigs had mild lymphoid depletion, ... corresponding to the morphology and distribution of FDCs. This observation may be interpreted to suggest that PCV2 may interact ...

https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/occurrence-tissue-distribution-porcine-circovirus-type-2-identified-immunohistochemistry-danish-fini/

Distribution of clusterin in Alzheimer brain tissue.. McGeer PL1, Kawamata T, Walker DG. ... and normal human brain tissue and compared with the distributions of vitronectin, protectin and the complement membrane attack ... The immunohistochemical distribution of clusterin (SP40,40, SGP-2) was determined in Alzheimer disease (AD) ... and residual serum in normal tissue, but only antibodies to clusterin and vitronectin strongly stained amyloid deposits in ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1378350?dopt=Abstract

... tissue distribution include Synthesis and Bioconjugation of Thiol-Reactive Reagents for the Creation of Site-Selectively ... The Use of Ex Vivo Whole-organ Imaging and Quantitative Tissue Histology to Determine the Bio-distribution of Fluorescently ... Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in ... A Tissue Clearing Method for Three-Dimensional Imaging of Adipose Tissue, Development and Functional Characterization of ...

https://www.jove.com/keyword/tissue+distribution

... and traditional wet tissue distribution studies are used in the drug development process to determine the distribution and ... Why conduct a tissue distribution/QWBA study? Tissue distribution/QWBA studies answer the following questions:. *Does my drug ... Tissue Distribution Studies. Drug tissue distribution is a complex process dependent on a long list of parameters that affect ... Quantitative Tissue Distribution and QWBA Services. Whether you choose QWBA or tissue dissection methods, quantitative tissue ...

https://www.criver.com/products-services/lab-sciences/dmpk/tissue-distribution-qwba

Freezing biopsy tissue before fixation preserved the anatomy of this structure, demonstrating that it is part of the submucosa ... We observed similar structures in numerous tissues that are subject to intermittent or rhythmic compression, including the ... and mechanical functioning of many or all tissues and organs. In sum, we describe the anatomy and histology of a previously ... the peri-bronchial and peri-arterial soft tissues, and fascia. These anatomic structures may be important in cancer metastasis ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-23062-6?error=cookies_not_supported&code=c0668cbf-6123-4bac-918f-6b683cff5818

LIVER TISSUE PROCUREMENT AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (LTPADS) NIH Guide, Volume 26, Number 38, November 21, 1997 RFP AVAILABLE: NIH ... has a requirement for the continuation of the Liver Tissue Procurement and Distribution System (LTPADS) as a network of three ... These tissue and cells would otherwise be discarded or be obtainable to most researchers who are not a part of a liver ... This project is designed to procure, preserve and deliver liver tissue and cells from a variety of end-stage liver diseases to ...

https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not97-235.html

... body weight in order to determine EDB tissue distribution. The animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, or 72 hours ... The pattern of EDB distribution in the tissues as determined in this study is completely consistent with earlier studies of the ... body weight in order to determine EDB tissue distribution. The animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, or 72 hours ... Kidneys recorded 286.64, 236.52, 247.79, 73.45, 14.66, and 10.47 micrograms EDB/gram (microg/g) of tissue at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/00164422.html

announced an exclusive distribution and licensing agreement for the human spine market with SpineSmith Partners, LP (Austin, ... Tissue Genesis Signs Exclusive Distribution and License Agreement with SpineSmith. Thursday, November 8, 2007 General News ... 7 Tissue Genesis, Inc. announced anexclusive distribution and licensing agreement for the human spine market withSpineSmith ... Tissue Genesis will shareSpineSmiths revenues from procedures and sales using Tissue Genesistherapeutic cell technologies, ...

http://www.medindia.net/health-press-release/Tissue-Genesis-Signs-Exclusive-Distribution-and-License-Agreement-with-SpineSmith-6885-1.htm

... cGMP-compliant stem cells from donor tissue for therapeutic use and commercial distribution. ... Allele Receives Tissue Bank License for Manufacturing and Distribution of cGMP-compliant iPSCs ... cGMP-compliant stem cells from donor tissue for therapeutic use and commercial distribution. ... All tissues and cells are processed in a state-of-the-art cleanroom to satisfy FDA requirements for Phase III clinical trials ...

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180409005300/en/Allele-Receives-Tissue-Bank-License-Manufacturing-Distribution

A study was undertaken to determine the tissue distribution of uniformly radiocarbon-labeled ethylene-dibromide (106934) in ... Tissue Distribution of C-14-Labeled Ethylene Dibromide in the Guinea Pig.. ... A study was undertaken to determine the tissue distribution of uniformly radiocarbon-labeled ethylene-dibromide (106934) in ... indicating a direct correlation between tissue levels and target organ toxicity. The principal route of excretion was via the ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/00052579.html

To define tissue deficits we used the mean for the healthy subjects (presumed "ideal") for a given tissue (FFMI, FMI and BMCI) ... Other protein rich tissue such as bone organic matrix may also be lost, although a differential pattern of loss of BMC was not ... The distribution of the FFMI deficit in the hidden loss group (related to the healthy subject "ideal") was similar in the arm ... DXA has been used to compare peripheral and central distribution of body composition,12,13 to quantify the effects of growth ...

https://thorax.bmj.com/content/58/10/885

... Head Neck. 1999 Mar;21(2):146-53. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0347( ... Methods: We evaluated the tissue oxygenation status with a polarographic needle electrode system in 37 patients with ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10091983/?dopt=Abstract

At that time there was great hope that three measurable tissue... ... At that time there was great hope that three measurable tissue ... Differentiation of Gliomas Using Tissue Parameters and a Three-dimensional Density Distribution Model. ... Differentiation of Gliomas Using Tissue Parameters and a Three-dimensional Density Distribution Model. In: Higer H.P., Bielke G ... Komiyama M, Yagura H, Baba M, Yasui T, Hakuba A, Nishimura S, Inoue Y (1986) MR imaging: possibility of tissue characterization ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-74993-3_46

... Shuaishuai Wang,1,2 Zheng ... S. P. Lin, P. M. Chu, S. Y. Tsai, M. H. Wu, and Y. C. Hou, "Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of resveratrol, emodin and ... D. Wang, Y. Xu, and W. Liu, "Tissue distribution and excretion of resveratrol in rat after oral administration of Polygonum ... X. Vitrac, A. Desmoulière, B. Brouillaud et al., "Distribution of [14C]-trans-resveratrol, a cancer chemopreventive polyphenol ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/joph/2017/4052094/ref/

... Shuaishuai Wang,1,2 Zheng ... S. P. Lin, P. M. Chu, S. Y. Tsai, M. H. Wu, and Y. C. Hou, "Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of resveratrol, emodin and ... The aim of the present study was to investigate the tissue distribution of parent resveratrol and its main three metabolites in ... D. Wang, Y. Xu, and W. Liu, "Tissue distribution and excretion of resveratrol in rat after oral administration of Polygonum ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/joph/2017/4052094/

"Tissue Distribution" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Tissue Distribution" was a major or minor ... tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios. ... "Tissue Distribution" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Tissue Distribution" by people in Profiles. ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Tissue%20Distribution

Human trks: molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and expression of extracellular domain immunoadhesins. DL Shelton, J ... Human trks: molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and expression of extracellular domain immunoadhesins ... Human trks: molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and expression of extracellular domain immunoadhesins ... Human trks: molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and expression of extracellular domain immunoadhesins ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/15/1/477?ijkey=d5e280a2f8ac6ca7de8d93d2c50cea0e65fdb09f&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Researchers from UCLA and the University of Western Australia have developed a new way of visualizing the distribution of ... Researchers develop new way of visualizing distribution of cholesterol in cells, tissues. *Download PDF Copy ... We would like to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of cholesterol movement in cells and tissues, said Jiang, a ... University of Western Australia have developed a new way of visualizing the distribution of cholesterol in cells and tissues. ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20170321/Researchers-develop-new-way-of-visualizing-distribution-of-cholesterol-in-cells-tissues.aspx

Few direct comparisons have been made of the distribution of labelled antigens in normal and immune animals, and no work seems ... THE distribution of radioactively labelled antigens in animal tissues has been studied extensively. Most of the work has been ... Distribution of Radioiodinated, Acetone-killed Brucella abortus in the Tissues of Normal and Immune Mice. *D. SULITZEANU1. ... SULITZEANU, D. Distribution of Radioiodinated, Acetone-killed Brucella abortus in the Tissues of Normal and Immune Mice. Nature ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/181495a0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=0b65ddcd-965b-444b-bbbc-6d8f48c9b0b5

Here, we characterize the spatial distribution of efavirenz (EFV) within suspected reservoir tissues of a primate model using a ... Response was calibrated by EFV standards on blank tissue, with a limit of detection of 180 attomole/voxel (57 fg/mm3 tissue). ... EFV concentration was lowest (167 pg/g tissue) in the basal ganglia, increasing to approximately two-fold in most other tissues ... Serial sections of tissue were utilized to validate MSI results by LC-MS, and stained to correlate observed EFV response with ...

http://natap.org/2015/CROI/croi_151.htm

... Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 ... In most other tissues such as brain, testis and parotid gland, the ratio of synthase/hydrolase activity was 0.7-1.6. However, ... 270, 23823-23827). The anandamide hydrolase and synthase activities were examined with various rat tissues. Rat liver showed ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9295166/?dopt=Abstract

More than 85% of the activity extracted from these tissues, except the liver, was parent rotenone. Elimination from whole body ... The highest concentrations of rotenone residues (% dose/g tissue) were in the hepatobiliary system, bile, intestine, and in ... and major tissue depots conformed to simple first-order kinetics; the estimated half-life from whole body was 68.5 h. Branchial ... heart, lateral line swimming muscle, and posterior kidney; tissues that are highly dependent on oxidative metabolism. Although ...

https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70006833

To test this hypothesis an interspecies comparison of the tissue distribution of $sup 35$S-labeled WR-2721 was carried out in ... Data originally obtained in studies using the mouse and rat indicated that the tissue distribution of WR-2721 was possibly more ... Deficient deposition of WR- 2721 in tumor tissue has recently been demonstrated and this is thought to be a major reason for ... Results suggest that the surface area and body weight exert equal effects on the tissue concentration of WR-2721. The results ...

https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc879199/

2006). Postmortem tissue distribution of atomoxetine following fatal and nonfatal doses - three case reports. Journal of ... Postmortem tissue distribution of atomoxetine following fatal and nonfatal doses - three case reports. ... Postmortem tissue distribution of atomoxetine following fatal and nonfatal doses - three case reports ...

https://www.rti.org/publication/postmortem-tissue-distribution-atomoxetine-following-fatal-and-nonfatal-doses-three-case

Distribution of cathepsin L in human umbilical cord tissues.. [Tomasz Gogiel, Małgorzata Wolańska, Zofia Galewska, Piotr ... Distribution of the activity and expression of mature cathepsin L within the umbilical cord probably results from distinctions ... The effect of cysteine protease inhibitors showed similar distribution as in the case of the active enzyme, being the highest ... Differential enzyme action seems to contribute to tissue-specific collagen turnover within the umbilical cord cells, especially ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/28787468

Brain uptake, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution in the rat of neurotoxic N-butylbenzenesulfonamide.. [Ganesh Kumar, ... These data suggest rapid elimination and uptake into tissue; however, NBBS was not accumulated by any of the tissues studied (i ... The pharmacokinetics, cerebrovascular permeability, and tissue distribution of the neurotoxic plasticizer N- ... liver, kidney, muscle, adipose tissue, and brain). Given the critical interest in NBBS neurotoxicity, the brain uptake of [(13) ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/17369196

Repeated dose tissue distribution studies, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME), metabolite. ... This document provides guidance on circumstances when repeated dose tissue distribution studies should be considered. It ...

http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/regulation/general/general_content_000963.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058002956e

Biochemical Fractionation of Brain Tissue for Studies of Receptor Distribution and Trafficking. Current Protocols in ... UNIT 1.16 Biochemical Fractionation of Brain Tissue for Studies of Receptor Distribution and Trafficking. ... The method is efficient in that only small amounts of tissue, such as might be obtained from a small region of a rodent brain, ... This unit presents a technique for analysis of brain tissue which relies on differential centrifugation to separate proteins ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0471142301.ns0116s42/abstract

Serum adipokines and adipose tissue distribution in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. (frontiersin.org)
Although elevated body mass index (BMI) has been associated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer, the importance of adipose tissue distribution is not well understood. (aacrjournals.org)
Moreover, given racial differences in adipose tissue distribution, we examined whether race modified these associations. (aacrjournals.org)
If confirmed in future studies, these results suggest that adipose tissue distribution differences may contribute to prostate cancer racial disparity. (aacrjournals.org)
Abdominal and pelvic adipose tissue distribution and risk of prostate cancer recurrence after radiation therapy. (physiciansweekly.com)

This project is designed to procure, preserve and deliver liver tissue and cells from a variety of end-stage liver diseases to researchers. (nih.gov)
These tissue and cells would otherwise be discarded or be obtainable to most researchers who are not a part of a liver transplant center. (nih.gov)
The LTPADS is also designed to make normal liver tissue and cells available for research when such livers are found to be unsuitable for liver transplantation. (nih.gov)
Organs containing the greatest concentration of radioactivity per unit weight (kidneys, liver, adrenals, pancreas, and spleen) were the same organs in which pathologic changes have been reported by other investigators, indicating a direct correlation between tissue levels and target organ toxicity. (cdc.gov)
More than 85% of the activity extracted from these tissues, except the liver, was parent rotenone. (usgs.gov)
GSHPx-GI mRNA was readily detected in human liver and colon, and occasionally in human breast samples, but not other human tissues including kidney, heart, lung, placenta, or uterus. (unboundmedicine.com)
In rodent tissues, GSHPx-GI mRNA is only detected in the gastrointestinal tract, and not in other tissues including liver. (unboundmedicine.com)
Method validation entailed the use of a mussel tissue reference material (RM) certified for most of the analytes of interest, spike recovery experiments and, for some analytes , a caprine liver secondary RM . (rsc.org)
The radioactivity concentration in tissues involved in elimination was greater than that in blood with the highest concentration in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and urinary bladder/contents and lowest level in brains. (aspetjournals.org)
Using a quantitative and sensitive reverse transcription (RT)-competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, we determined the distribution and relative mRNA expression of the four PPARs (α, β, γ1, and γ2) and liver X receptor-α (LXRα) in the main tissues implicated in lipid metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)
PPARα and LXRα were mainly expressed in liver, while PPARγ1 predominated in adipose tissue and large intestine. (diabetesjournals.org)
The radioactivity detected by tissue excision or quantitative whole-body autoradiography was highest in adrenal gland, mammary tissue, lungs, kidneys, liver, and placenta. (aspetjournals.org)
Tissue analysis showed that ZD6474 is extensively distributed to tissues, with liver and lung accumulating concentrations of 212 μg/g (∼450 μM) and 161 μg/g (∼340 μM), respectively. (aspetjournals.org)
From a large amount of collected data on the distribution of drugs from blood, plasma or serum to tissue (brain, fat, heart, kidney, lung, liver, muscle and skin) at steady-state concentration in rats, it is shown that the three datasets of data can be combined. (bl.uk)
The highest initial concentrations of unchanged styrene were found in adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, and brain. (eurekamag.com)
The levels in the kidneys, lungs, pancreas, and liver far exceeded those in subcutaneous adipose tissue. (eurekamag.com)
The concentration of unmetabolized styrene seemed to increase exponentially with the dose in subcutaneous adipose tissue, liver, kidneys, lungs, and brain. (eurekamag.com)
This raises the interesting prospect of having differential modes of regulating intercellular channels within a given tissue and, at least in the case of liver, a given cell. (rupress.org)
Preliminary results are reported for the light intensity distribution in liver and a computer analysis gives a value for "∂" the total absorption coefficient. (spie.org)
By 144 h postdose, radioactivity was undetectable in all tissues/fluids except liver (undetectable at 336 h) and adrenal gland tissues (undetectable at 672 h). (asm.org)
For example, fluconazole concentrations in brain tissue have been shown to be similar to those in plasma in a study in patients with cerebral tumors ( 5 ), while the amphotericin B distribution in autopsy samples was variable, with higher levels of accumulation in liver and spleen than brain ( 6 ). (asm.org)

Brain uptake, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution in the rat of neurotoxic N-butylbenzenesulfonamide. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The pharmacokinetics, cerebrovascular permeability, and tissue distribution of the neurotoxic plasticizer N-butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) were determined in rats. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Here, an UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and applied to study the pharmacokinetics, distribution and excretion of isoalantolactone and alantolactone, which are two main active sesquiterpene lactones in Radix Inulae, in Sprague-Dawley rats following oral administration of total Radix Inulae extract. (mdpi.com)
Li, X. Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution and Excretion of Isoalantolactone and Alantolactone in Rats after Oral Administration of Radix Inulae Extract. (mdpi.com)
Those methods were then applied to the pharmacokinetics (PK), tissue distribution and plasma protein binding (PPB) studies of SM-1. (medworm.com)
In the studies presented here, the pharmacokinetics of ZD6474 was determined in plasma and tissues of MCF-7 tumor-bearing nude mice following single p.o. doses at 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg. (aspetjournals.org)
Qu, H. Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution Kinetics of Puerarin in Rats Using Indirect Competitive ELISA. (preprints.org)
We studied the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution kinetics of PUE in Sprague-Dawley rats following intraperitoneal administration of three concentrations. (preprints.org)

Doherty, J.E., Perkins, W.H.: Tissue concentration and turnover of tritiated digoxin in dogs. (springer.com)
EFV concentration was lowest (167 pg/g tissue) in the basal ganglia, increasing to approximately two-fold in most other tissues (cerebrum, lymph nodes, spleen, testes, and most GALT), and highest in rectal tissue (3.6 fold). (natap.org)
Results suggest that the surface area and body weight exert equal effects on the tissue concentration of WR-2721. (unt.edu)
The matrix used for the analysis was CHCA, at a concentration of 15 mg/mL in acetonitrile/water/TFA (50:50/0.1, v:v:v). The frozen tissue samples on microscopic slides were thawed in a desiccator under vacuum for about two hours. (waters.com)
The cytosolic concentration, Mr, and isoforms of cyclophilin (CyP), a specific cytosolic binding protein for cyclosporin A (CsA), were determined in normal and neoplastic human tissues as well as tissues from species of diverse phylogeny. (jimmunol.org)
CyP concentration in colon adenocarcinomas was twofold to threefold greater than that found in adjacent normal tissue. (jimmunol.org)
The most striking finding was the significantly higher concentration of estradiol per g of tissue in the malignant tissues than in the nonmalignant tissues. (aacrjournals.org)
No correlation was found between the estradiol receptor content and endogenous concentration and subcellular distribution of estradiol. (aacrjournals.org)
No difference in the estrone tissue concentration was found between malignant and nonmalignant tissues. (aacrjournals.org)
As plasma TG and HDL-CHOL are negatively correlated, the associations between obesity, the regional distribution of body fat, plasma TG levels, and plasma lipoprotein concentration and composition were studied in a sample of 76 premenopausal women (52 obese and 24 non-obese). (unboundmedicine.com)
The relationship of exposure and tissue concentration of parent chemical and metabolites over prolonged exposure is a critical issue for chronic toxicities mediated by metabolite(s) rather than parent chemical alone. (biomedsearch.com)
In unhealthy (ischemic) tissue, the extracellular potassium concentration , [K] 0 , is elevated. (omicsonline.org)
Mercury concentrations were strongly positively correlated (r 2 ≥ 0.95) among internal tissues and with blood Hg concentration. (usgs.gov)
Styrene glycol reached its maximum concentration within 1 h in most tissues. (eurekamag.com)
Although much research has focused on Wolbachia germline concentration and transmission, a number of studies have convincingly demonstrated that Wolbachia are present in a broad array of larval and adult somatic tissues. (biologists.org)
The results with myocardium were consistent with those of others: the total tissue concentration of K + was greater than that of Na + of Cl - In Purkinje tissue, the total tissue concentration of K + was relatively low, while that of Na + and of Cl - was high. (ahajournals.org)
The concentration-time course and the absolute concentration obtained in tissues may be markedly different from those obtained in the bloodstream ( 3 , 4 ). (asm.org)

however, concentrations varied significantly among different tissue types. (jimmunol.org)
In this study, the concentrations of naturally occurring lanthanide elements, as well as Sc , were measured in human placental tissues, consisting of ∼160 samples each of placenta body, membrane , and umbilical cord, for evaluation of possible maternal and fetal exposure to these metals. (rsc.org)
The endogenous concentrations and subcellular distribution of estrone and estradiol were measured in malignant and nonmalignant human breast tissue from pre- and postmenopausal women. (aacrjournals.org)
The tissue concentrations of estradiol in pre- and postmenopausal women were similar despite the large differences in the peripheral plasma levels. (aacrjournals.org)
At equal concentrations of the estradiol receptor, concentrations and subcellular distribution of the estrogens are different in both tissues. (aacrjournals.org)
may affect blood concentrations of endogenous ouabain and which function the cardiotonic binding protein may have in modulating ouabain effects, the effect of physical exercise on endogenous ouabain was studied and the tissue distribution of its binding protein was investigated. (nii.ac.jp)
EGF receptor concentrations were determined by Scatchard analyses in the membrane fraction of the tissues. (spandidos-publications.com)
Feather Hg concentrations were consistently higher than those of internal tissues and represented an important route of Hg elimination. (usgs.gov)
Mercury concentrations of secondary feathers were moderately correlated (r 2 = 0.82-0.93) with internal tissues. (usgs.gov)
Cellular resting and action potentials and total tissue concentrations of K + , Na + , and Cl - were measured in canine myocardial and Purkinje tissues. (ahajournals.org)
These data suggest that isavuconazole penetrates most tissues rapidly, reaches a steady state in most or all tissues/fluids within 14 days, does not accumulate in tissues/fluids over time, and achieves potentially efficacious concentrations in the brain. (asm.org)

These assessments deliver the information you need to understand the relationship between the distribution and accumulation of your compound and/or its metabolites, shine a light on tissue-specific activity, and identify potential toxicity. (criver.com)
This label free imaging technique is ideally suited for detecting and localizing the intra-organ distribution of drugs and metabolites. (criver.com)
establish a time course of drug and metabolites in blood and tissue). (criver.com)
Resveratrol and its three metabolites can be detected in the ocular tissues after oral administration. (hindawi.com)
MALDI Imaging was used to asses tissue distribution of xanthohumol and its metabolites in rats after repeated oral administration. (waters.com)
Tissue distribution and urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites in C57BL6 mice following subchronic exposure to arsenate in drinking water. (biomedsearch.com)
In this study, dose-dependency in tissue distribution and urinary excretion for inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites was assessed in female C57Bl/6 mice exposed to 0, 0.5, 2, 10 or 50 ppm arsenic (as arsenate, AsV) in their drinking water for 12 weeks. (biomedsearch.com)
1. The distribution of vitamin D and its metabolites in human tissues has been studied by the combined use of radioactive cholecalciferol and biological assays of antiricketic activity in tissue extracts. (portlandpress.com)
unchanged vitamin D and various metabolites were detected subsequently in all tissues examined. (portlandpress.com)
A primary objective of the present investigation was to determine the tissue distribution of styrene, styrene glycol, and more polar metabolites in mice at different times (0.5-5 h) after the intraperitoneal administration of styrene (3.3 mmol/kg). (eurekamag.com)
However, when the dose was increased, the more polar metabolites occurred at relatively lower levels in all tissues except brain. (eurekamag.com)
Conjugates of the isoflavones daidzein and genistein are major metabolites in all embryonic organs within the dry seed and in seedling roots, hypocotyl, and cotyledon tissues at all times after germination. (plantphysiol.org)

Charles River has experience in conducting single and repeated dose radiolabeled tissue distribution studies using either tissue dissection or quantitative whole-body autoradiography (QWBA) methods to meet the sensitivity and specificity required for a comprehensive ADME program . (criver.com)
Tissue distribution of radioactivity in rats was measured using quantitative whole-body autoradiography. (aspetjournals.org)
Tissue distribution data were obtained by quantitative whole-body autoradiography. (ovid.com)
Quantitative whole-body autoradiography was used to assess the distribution and tissue penetration of isavuconazole in rats following single and repeated oral-dose administration of radiolabeled isavuconazonium sulfate, the prodrug of isavuconazole. (asm.org)

After a single oral administration, radioactivity distributed quickly in rats with C max at 1 h for most tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
After a single dose of [ 14 C]dasatinib to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at gestation day 18, radioactivity was extensively distributed in maternal tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
Compared with maternal tissues, a relatively low level of radioactivity was detected in fetal tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
To investigate this we tested whether tissue:plasma partition coefficients (PCs) of radioactivity are correlated with muscle:plasma PCs. (ovid.com)
The relationships between PCs of radioactivity in muscle and those in other tissues were investigated in 25 tissues for 20 structurally unrelated drug candidates. (ovid.com)
Following a single-dose administration of radiolabeled isavuconazonium sulfate (labeled on the active moiety), radioactivity was detectable within 1 h postdose in 56 of 65 tissue/fluid specimens. (asm.org)

In the high-dose (80 mg/kg) and medium-dose (40 mg/kg) groups, the kinetic profile of PUE in blood and kidney samples showed two absorption peaks, while that of the other tissues showed only one peak. (preprints.org)
Full-length cDNA gene of sodium-dependent dicarboxylate co-transporter protein 1 (SDCT1) is cloned from normal human kidney tissue and inserted into EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) expression vector along with N-terminal and C-terminal truncated SDCT1 genes, so to construct the eukaryotic expression vectors of EGFP/SDCT1 fusion proteins, which are transfected into human renal tubular epithelial cells (HKC). (springer.com)

Another aim was to determine the dose dependence of the metabolite pattern of styrene in the different tissues. (eurekamag.com)
Initially T. gondii multiplies rapidly inside cells of different tissues and organs in the form of tachyzoites. (asm.org)

QWBA provides a quantitative measure of distribution and the high-resolution digital image obtained from a phosphor image can be enlarged to provide greater depth and detail of distribution in the tissues or organs of interest. (criver.com)
Does my drug distribute or accumulate in specific tissues or organs? (criver.com)
These anatomic structures may be important in cancer metastasis, edema, fibrosis, and mechanical functioning of many or all tissues and organs. (nature.com)
CollPlant is a regenerative medicine company focused on 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs, medical aesthetics, and on developing and commercializing tissue repair products for orthobiologics, and advanced wound care markets. (medindia.net)
Our flagship rhCollagen BioInk product line is ideal for 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. (medindia.net)
The distribution of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and their conjugates in developing soybean ( Glycine max L.) seedling organs and in root and seed exudates has been examined. (plantphysiol.org)
Therefore, in healthy individuals the persistence of T. gondii cysts in tissues and organs does not represent a cause for concern. (asm.org)

To test this hypothesis an interspecies comparison of the tissue distribution of $sup 35$S-labeled WR-2721 was carried out in normal mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs at 15 and 30 minutes after intravenous administration. (unt.edu)
Determine the ocular distribution of orally administered multifunctional antioxidants (MFAOs) along with their monofunctional and parent analogs in the eyes of rats and determine whether the molecular attributes of these compounds can be correlated with their ocular distribution. (arvojournals.org)
The distribution, metabolism, and elimination of [ 14 C]apixaban were investigated in male, female, pregnant, and lactating rats after single oral doses. (aspetjournals.org)
In summary, tissue distribution of apixaban in rats was extensive but with limited transfer to fetal and brain tissues and extensive secretion into rat milk with the parent drug as the major component. (aspetjournals.org)
The action of EGF is mediated by specific EGF receptors (EFG-R). In the present study, we investigated distribution of EGF receptors during various physiological stages of mammary glands, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary tumors in rats and human breast cancer samples. (spandidos-publications.com)
The objectives of the current study were to investigate the lacteal secretion and maternal/fetal distribution of [ 14 C]dasatinib in rats after p.o. administration. (aspetjournals.org)

tissues that are highly dependent on oxidative metabolism. (usgs.gov)
The broad tissue and phylogenetic distribution of CyP, its highly conserved structure, and its increased content after mitogenic stimulation suggest a fundamental role in cellular metabolism. (jimmunol.org)
The plasma clearance, tissue distribution and metabolism of hyaluronic acid were studied with a high average molecular weight [3H]acetyl-labelled hyaluronic acid synthesized in synovial cell cultures. (portlandpress.com)
These data indicate that pharmacokinetic models for arsenic metabolism and disposition need to include mechanisms for organ-specific accumulation of some arsenicals and that urinary metabolite profiles are not necessarily reflective of target tissue dosimetry. (biomedsearch.com)
Primary leaf tissues undergo a programmed shift from isoflavonoid to flavonoid metabolism 3 days after germination and become largely predominated by glycosides of the flavonols kampferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin by 5 days. (plantphysiol.org)

We believe stem cells to be the next frontier in spine surgeryand the Tissue Genesis cell isolation system rapidly processes a smallquantity of a patient's own fat tissue to produce large quantities of cells,including adult stem cells and microvascular cells. (medindia.net)
In summary, the results demonstrate that NBBS distributes rapidly to tissues, including brain. (sigmaaldrich.com)
SM-1 rapidly distributed to all tissues, with the highest distribution in the lung and less in the brain and muscle. (medworm.com)
Research utilizing human tissue is poised for novel and clinically relevant discoveries as a result of the rapidly expanding spectrum of sophisticated techniques and approaches to tissue analysis that are currently available. (nih.gov)

Komiyama M, Yagura H, Baba M, Yasui T, Hakuba A, Nishimura S, Inoue Y (1986) MR imaging: possibility of tissue characterization of brain tumors using T1 and T2 values. (springer.com)
In: Higer H.P., Bielke G. (eds) Tissue Characterization in MR Imaging. (springer.com)
TY - JOUR T1 - Expression, characterization, and tissue distribution of a new cellular selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, GSHPx-GI. (unboundmedicine.com)
Liu, X. Molecular Characterization, Tissue Distribution and Expression, and Potential Antiviral Effects of TRIM32 in the Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). (mdpi.com)

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (pCLE) is an in vivo imaging technology that provides real-time histologic assessment of tissue structures during endoscopy, generally after intravenous injection of fluorescein. (nature.com)
C-E ) Bile duct tissue removed at the time of Whipple surgery was frozen and ex vivo pCLE performed, demonstrating persistence of the reticular pattern. (nature.com)
Localization of a drug molecule's distribution in its targeted tissue provides very important in vivo biological information. (waters.com)
Therefore this approach is sub-optimal for studies focusing on the nature and distribution of mucins and mucus in vivo . (jove.com)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an established method for the in vivo quantification of fat tissue. (bmj.com)
The utility of x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning in predicting carcass tissue distribution and fat partitioning in vivo in terminal sire sheep was examined using data from 160 lambs representing combinations of 3 breeds (Charollais, Suffolk, and Texel), 3 genetic lines, and both sexes. (unl.edu)
To explore the question of what is decisive for arthritogenicity, we have determined the chemical composition and tissue distribution as well as the arthritogenic capacity in vivo and resistance to lysozyme in vitro of cell walls isolated from three strains of Lactobacillus casei and one strain of Lactobacillus fermentum . (asm.org)

Whether you choose QWBA or tissue dissection methods, quantitative tissue distribution studies are an essential component of ADME analysis. (criver.com)
Results to date suggest that quantitative structure activity relation (QSAR) studies that correlate the ocular levels of MFAOs and their analogs with in silico MOE calculated molecular parameters have merit in helping us understand the distribution of these drugs in the eye. (arvojournals.org)
Bioassays confirmed that the quantitative estimate of levels of vCJD prion accumulation provided by PMCA are indicative of vCJD infectivity levels in tissues. (cdc.gov)
Quantitative Analysis of Quantity and Distribution of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Surrounding the Left Atrium in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Effect of Recurrence After Ablation. (biomedsearch.com)

Tissue distribution and drug excretion of apixaban are consistent with those for a moderately permeable drug that is a substrate for P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein efflux transporters. (aspetjournals.org)

Deficient deposition of WR- 2721 in tumor tissue has recently been demonstrated and this is thought to be a major reason for the preferential protection of normal tissues by the drug. (unt.edu)
Evaluation of the ability of the fluorescence imaging to determine the tumor volume and, more specifically, the boundaries of tumor tissues which will be analyzed by the pathologist. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Histological Study of the (Intravenously Injected) ICG Distribution in Tumor Bearing Breasts and in Axillary Pieces of Dissection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Detecting of the fluorescence in between benign and malignant tissue by near infra-red imaging with a camera dictated to identify the margin of the tumor, and Histological detection of indocyanine green distribution in tumor bearing breasts and in axillary pieces of dissection and the detection of tumor cells in lymphe nodes. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Healthy tissue, as well as our investigated tumor samples, show the appearance of ALT-associated PML bodies, whereas no telomeres with heterogeneous size and exceptionally long telomeres could be detected in healthy tissue. (tu-darmstadt.de)
The results of preliminary studies suggest that fluorescent analogs of cobalamin may be a useful tool in therapeutic breast operations to define tumor margins and to distinguish neoplastic breast tissue from healthy breast tissue. (spie.org)
Tumor levels ranged from 27 to 71 μg/g at C max levels across the three dose ranges, and ZD6474 was distributed to all of the tissues in a dose-dependent manner. (aspetjournals.org)

THE distribution of radioactively labelled antigens in animal tissues has been studied extensively. (nature.com)

Drug tissue distribution is a complex process dependent on a long list of parameters that affect the delivery, retention, and removal of a drug into and out of biological tissues. (criver.com)
Traditionally, autoradiography and fluorescence spectroscopy have been used for molecular imaging of biological tissues. (waters.com)
The study of such biological interactions usually involves histological methods for tissue collection and staining. (jove.com)

However, very few chloroplasts were observed in leaf tissues of rubescent, etiolated, and albino, except that some stomata cells were distributed with relatively rich chloroplasts (Figures 2B-E). Surprisingly chloroplast distribution pattern in petioles of all 4 mutants was similar to the wild type (Figures 2G-J). (nih.gov)

The extracellular matrix components show specific distribution patterns within various structures of the umbilical cord, among which Wharton's jelly is especially collagen-rich tissue. (sigmaaldrich.com)
One factor in this apparently paradoxical sex distribution may be the differing patterns of fat deposition adjacent to the upper airway in men and women. (bmj.com)
Using this reliable technique, pO 2 measurements in the normal breast and in fibrocystic disease resulted in oxygenation patterns which were characteristic for normal, adequately supplied tissues. (aacrjournals.org)
This study explored whether common rules exist for the distribution patterns across tissues in tissue distribution studies. (ovid.com)

We found that PPARγ2 mRNA was a minor isoform, even in adipose tissue, thus causing question of its role in humans. (diabetesjournals.org)
PPARβ mRNA was present in all the tissues tested at low levels. (diabetesjournals.org)
Molecular cloning, functional expression, and mRNA tissue distribution of the human 5-hydroxytryptamine2B receptor. (aspetjournals.org)
Based on distribution studies of 5-HT2B receptor mRNA, human uterus cDNA libraries were constructed and screened, resulting in the isolation of several full-length cDNA clones. (aspetjournals.org)
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies revealed human 5-HT2B receptor mRNA to be expressed in many tissues, including the central nervous system. (aspetjournals.org)

Most of these studies did not detect the vCJD agent outside the nervous system (central, peripheral, and autonomic) and lymphoid tissues. (cdc.gov)
Persistent infection led to a disruption of the normal immunodominance hierarchy of CD8 T-cell responses seen following acute infection and dramatically altered the tissue distribution of LCMV-specific CD8 T cells in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. (asm.org)

WAT extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which plays a pivotal role in adipogenesis ( 4 ) and tissue architecture ( 5 ), is crucial to accommodate obesity-induced cellular alterations ( 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
We report simulation of experimental data for heterogeneous distribution of extracellular potassium , by developing and applying a mathematical model formulated by incorporating a Luo-Rudy representation of the cell membrane current into the bidomain model of the cardiac tissue . (omicsonline.org)

studied propagation in ischemic tissue experimentally. (omicsonline.org)
experiment using a mathematical model by incorporating a Luo-Rudy representation of the cell membrane current with the bidomain model of the cardiac tissue, and to examine propagation of potassium from a normal to an ischemic region. (omicsonline.org)

Repeated dose tissue distribution studies are designed for compounds with a long half-life in the tissues compared to plasma, drugs intended for a site specific targeted delivery system, incomplete elimination or unanticipated organ toxicity. (criver.com)

Here, we characterize the spatial distribution of efavirenz (EFV) within suspected reservoir tissues of a primate model using a novel approach to mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). (natap.org)
Canalicular Network Morphology is the Major Determinant of the Spatial Distribution of Mass Density in Human Bone Tissue - Evidence by Means of Synchrotron Radiation Phase-Contrast Nano-CT. (insa-lyon.fr)

Findings: Suvorexant was detected and quantitated in the body fluids and tissues of three autopsy cases. (omicsonline.org)
Consequently, the risk of human exposure to these nonessential elements is rising, and the ability to measure the lanthanides in human tissues and body fluids is gaining in importance. (rsc.org)

Florescent labeling of AAV capsids aids in understanding the physical barriers associated with AAV mediated retinal gene delivery and to track the progressive steps of vector distribution, surface recognition and transduction at the cellular and molecular levels. (arvojournals.org)
Because the descriptors used in the LFERs can be calculated from structure, distribution coefficients for air to blood or tissue for VOCs and for blood/plasma/serum to tissue for VOCs and drugs can be predicted directly from the molecular structures of the VOCs and drugs. (bl.uk)

Fibrosis, attributed to excessive deposition of ECM proteins, is a ubiquitous tissue response to an unresolved chronic inflammation ( 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
CONCLUSIONS There are differences in neck fat deposition between the sexes which, together with the greater overall soft tissue loading on the airway in men, may be factors in the sex distribution of SAHS. (bmj.com)
Although there is a clear relationship between overall neck size and airway obstruction in men, 3 there is still controversy about the significance of the precise anatomical distribution of fat deposition in the neck. (bmj.com)

Distribution of clusterin in Alzheimer brain tissue. (nih.gov)
The immunohistochemical distribution of clusterin (SP40,40, SGP-2) was determined in Alzheimer disease (AD) and normal human brain tissue and compared with the distributions of vitronectin, protectin and the complement membrane attack complex (MAC). (nih.gov)
Reservoir tissues (GALT, lymph nodes, brain, testes) were removed at necropsy from an uninfected rhesus macaque dosed orally to steady-state with EFV. (natap.org)
In most other tissues such as brain, testis and parotid gland, the ratio of synthase/hydrolase activity was 0.7-1.6. (nih.gov)
In order to visualize myelin sheaths and astroglia in a rat brain sagittal tissue section (shown above), the specimen was immunofluorescently labeled with mouse anti-myelin BP and rabbit anti-GFAP primary antibodies followed by goat anti-mouse and anti-rabbit secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 and Alexa Fluor 568, respectively. (microscopyu.com)
In summary, dasatinib was extensively distributed in maternal tissues and secreted into milk, but its penetration into the adult brain was limited. (aspetjournals.org)
This paper presents (1) an improved hierarchical method for segmenting the component tissue regions in fast spin echo T2 and PD images of the brain of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients, and (2) a methodology to characterize the disease utilizing the distributions of standardized T2 and PD intensities in the segmented tissue regions. (spie.org)
The segmentation method imposes a feedback-like procedure on our previously developed hierarchical brain tissue segmentation method. (spie.org)
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute on Aging (NIA), and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) recognize that human Brain Tissue Repositories (BTR) can contribute to the advancement of many aspects of research in addiction, developmental disorders, mental illness, neurological diseases, and aging. (nih.gov)
The NIMH, NICHD, NIDA, NIA, and NINDS are evaluating approaches to synergize the collection of human brain tissues important for research into diseases of the central nervous system. (nih.gov)
The objective of most existing biorepositories is to systematically collect, store, catalog, preserve, and distribute human brain tissues to qualified scientific investigators. (nih.gov)
In order to facilitate collaborative research and increase the ability of Brain Tissue Repositories to serve a diverse set of constituents, the participating Institutes are exploring approaches to extend and enhance these resources, including collaborations and partnerships with other governmental and non-governmental organizations and groups. (nih.gov)
The NIH is also seeking information from individuals, groups, and organizations on best practices to develop and manage a coordinated network and/or centralized Brain Tissue Repository. (nih.gov)
During Toxoplasma gondii infection, a fraction of the multiplying parasites, the tachyzoites, converts into bradyzoites, a dormant stage, which form tissue cysts localized mainly in brain, heart, and skeletal muscles that persist for several years after infection. (asm.org)
Tissue cysts can persist for several years in the brain, the heart, and the skeletal muscle of individuals who had been previously infected with T. gondii ( 34 , 46 , 49 ). (asm.org)
This thesis investigates the use of automated image analysis to quantify peptide analogue distribution in mouse brain tissue. (dtu.dk)
The work demonstrates the use of automated image analysis based on image registration to quantify LSFM data of the peptide brain distribution following peripheral administration. (dtu.dk)
Pharmacological factors (drug formulations, route of administration), physiological factors (inflammation, underlying disease, the blood-brain barrier), and lipophilicity are determinants of the penetration of drugs in tissues ( 3 ). (asm.org)

These results confirm that body composition was altered in RA and AS, affecting distinct soft tissue compartments. (frontiersin.org)
Platelets contain growth factors which are responsible for stimulating tissue generation and repair, including soft tissue repair, bone regeneration, development of new blood vessels, and stimulation of the healing process. (medindia.net)
CollPlant's unique Vergenix line of rhCollagen products includes a soft tissue repair matrix for treating tendinopathy and a wound repair matrix to promote a rapid optimal healing of acute and chronic wounds. (medindia.net)
Compared with men, a greater proportion of total body soft tissue in normal women is fat and obesity is more frequent in women. (bmj.com)
The preliminary goal of the thesis was to assess the frequency distribution of the activation of telomerase and of the ALT-mechanism in the major soft tissue sarcomas subtypes, which had been genetically well characterized in preceding studies. (tu-darmstadt.de)
In order to assess ALT in human soft tissue sarcoma subtypes by combined telomere uorescence in situ hybridization and PML immunouorescence, confocal laser scanning microscope was used. (tu-darmstadt.de)
This study contributed to the understanding of the frequency distribution of telomere maintenance mechanisms in soft tissue sarcoma subgroups and whether these mechanisms are associated with specic chromosomal imbalances. (tu-darmstadt.de)
The study demonstrates that the occurrence of the telomere maintenance mechanism is characteristic for the subtype of soft tissue sarcoma. (tu-darmstadt.de)
The frequency of the marker for the ALT mechanism depends on the subtype of soft tissue sarcoma. (tu-darmstadt.de)

F ) Unstained frozen tissue of submucosa of a bile duct imaged by fluorescent microscopy, showing the reticular pattern in this layer of bile duct wall. (nature.com)
10 μm cryosections of snap frozen tissue were discretized into 10-4 mm3 voxels, resolving 100 μm features, and analyzed using an infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) source coupled to a Thermo Q-Exactive mass spectrometer. (natap.org)
Unfixed frozen tissue samples embedded in Optimal Cutting Temperature medium (OCT) can be used to study natural distribution and glycosylation of secreted mucus. (jove.com)
If using snap-frozen tissue (tissue that was frozen in liquid nitrogen), allow the tissue to warm up to -20 °C by placing it in a cryo-microtome chamber. (jove.com)

We detected AAV at a higher level mainly in the lymphatic tissues and ileum, which suggests that AAV may invade the host through Peyer's patches in the ileum and infect immune cells. (deepdyve.com)

Pre-existing tissue pools of vitamin D can, in some circumstances, invalidate the use of radioactively labelled cholecalciferol to trace the pattern of body distribution. (portlandpress.com)

Methods to accurately evaluate ARV biodistribution within tissues are needed to design effective HIV therapy and eradication strategies. (natap.org)
The two most commonly used histological methods for tissue collection and preservation in the clinic and in research laboratories are: formalin fixation followed by paraffin embedding, and tissue freezing, followed by embedding in cryo-protectant media. (jove.com)
However, during the paraffin embedding process a number of epitopes become altered and in order to study these epitopes, tissue sections have to be further processed with one of many epitope retrieval methods 13 . (jove.com)
Therefore frozen tissues sections do not require any additional processing prior to staining and can be readily analyzed using immunohistochemistry methods. (jove.com)
As a results, the proposed methods were demonstrated to be accurate, precise and stable for the analysis of the SM-1 in plasma and tissue samples. (medworm.com)
In parallel, this requires the development of objective and sensitive methods enhancing the diagnostic algorithm and reliably measuring alterations in affected muscle tissue over time to prove effectiveness and validity of therapeutic interventions. (frontiersin.org)
Recruitment of relevant subjects, including methods of outreach and education to encourage tissue donation. (nih.gov)

Once a drug enters the systemic circulation, distribution is commonly uneven due to the differences in blood perfusion, plasma protein and tissue binding, pH, rate of blood flow, partition characteristics and more. (criver.com)
This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. (harvard.edu)
In this study, we used in vitro amplification of prions by protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) to estimate distribution and level of the vCJD agent in 21 tissues from 4 patients who died of clinical vCJD and from 1 asymptomatic person with vCJD. (cdc.gov)
A key event in the pathogenesis of TSEs is the conversion of the normal cellular prion protein (PrP C , encoded by the PRNP gene) into an abnormal disease-associated isoform (PrP Sc ) in tissues of infected animals. (cdc.gov)
Western blots of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vJCD) proteinase K-resistant prions (PrP res ) analyzed by protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) in tissues of clinical and asymptomatic patients. (cdc.gov)
4. Metabolically produced 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is also taken up from the blood into many tissues, probably by protein-binding. (portlandpress.com)
Sequence and tissue distribution of a second protein of hepatic gap junctions, Cx26, as deduced from its cDNA. (rupress.org)
Notably, this is not the same as the presence of Myf5 protein, which is involved in the development of many tissues. (wikipedia.org)

The different duration of the cardiac and central effects of digitalis preparations may be caused by different élimination rates of both tissue compartments. (springer.com)
Cellular distribution of phosphodiesterase isoforms in rat cardiac tissue. (ahajournals.org)
Starting with computer simulation of unipolar stimulation of cardiac tissue, we reproduced results of the passive bidomain model, and also simulated the space-clamped Luo Rudy model. (omicsonline.org)
High [K] 0 is believed to predispose cardiac tissue to break excitation (Roth and Patel) [ 1 ], which in turn plays an important role in re-entry induction and defibrillation. (omicsonline.org)

Distribution of the activity and expression of mature cathepsin L within the umbilical cord probably results from distinctions in the proenzyme activation process. (sigmaaldrich.com)
However, little is known regarding their tissue distribution and relative expression in humans. (diabetesjournals.org)
Obesity and NIDDM were not associated with change in PPARs and LXRα expression in adipose tissue. (diabetesjournals.org)
These results indicated that obesity is not associated with alteration in PPAR gene expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans. (diabetesjournals.org)
So far, the expression of cGKI alpha and beta isoforms has not been evaluated in human penile erectile tissue. (lu.se)
Expression of cGKI alpha and beta isoforms in relation to smooth muscle alpha-actin, cGMP, and eNOS in human penile erectile tissue. (lu.se)
Conclusions: We report differences in expression of the BM molecules, laminin and collagen type IV, in normal and degenerative cartilaginous tissues from adult humans and goats. (harvard.edu)

However, the exact organ distribution is not known. (waters.com)
Our products address indications for the diverse fields of organ and tissue repair, and are ushering in a new era in regenerative medicine. (medindia.net)
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) or brown fat makes up the adipose organ together with white adipose tissue (or white fat). (wikipedia.org)

Freezing biopsy tissue before fixation preserved the anatomy of this structure, demonstrating that it is part of the submucosa and a previously unappreciated fluid-filled interstitial space, draining to lymph nodes and supported by a complex network of thick collagen bundles. (nature.com)
Differential enzyme action seems to contribute to tissue-specific collagen turnover within the umbilical cord cells, especially those of Wharton's jelly. (sigmaaldrich.com)
RESULTS Fibrosis amount, distribution and collagen types (I, III, and VI) present distinct characteristics in lean and obese subjects and with WAT depots localization (subcutaneous or omental). (diabetesjournals.org)
This tissue contained calcium phosphate, collagen, and interconnected cells. (materialstoday.com)
Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence and distribution of 2 basement membrane (BM) molecules, laminin and collagen type IV, in healthy and degenerative cartilage tissues. (harvard.edu)
Nonpathological fibrocartilaginous tissues from the goat, including the menisci and the enthesis, were also positive for both laminin and collagen type IV pericellularly. (harvard.edu)
In degenerated fibrocartilage, including intervertebral disc, as in degenerated hyaline cartilage only collagen type IV was found pericellularly around chondrocytes but with less intense staining than in non-degenerated tissue. (harvard.edu)
In degenerative tissues laminin is depleted from the pericellular matrix before collagen type IV. (harvard.edu)

Cyclophilin: distribution and variant properties in normal and neoplastic tissues. (jimmunol.org)
CyP from all normal and neoplastic human tissues examined had an apparent Mr of 17,000 determined by gel filtration HPLC. (jimmunol.org)

Easy accessibility to advanced technologies, government initiatives for screening cancer patients, favourable reimbursement scenario for pathology diagnostic tests, increasing healthcare expenditure, and high-quality infrastructure for hospitals and clinical laboratories in this region are the major factors driving the growth of the tissue diagnostic market in North America. (express-press-release.net)

The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios. (harvard.edu)
Dr. Haibo Jiang, a study co-author, noted that NanoSIMS imaging provides unique insights into cholesterol distribution on the plasma membrane and future studies will make it possible to assess mechanisms by which cells dispose of excess cholesterol. (news-medical.net)
Predictive LFER equations for blood/plasma/serum to tissue for a large number of drugs, has been achieved and their predictive capability has been assessed. (bl.uk)
Overall, the present study demonstrates that muscle:plasma PCs are indicative of the overall tissue distribution of drug-related material, as they are well correlated with tissue:plasma PCs in most other tissues. (ovid.com)
The plasma and tissue distribution kinetic characteristics following a single injection of PUE (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) were calculated using a non-compartment model. (preprints.org)
Considerable variability in the relative distribution of antifungal agents in plasma and various tissues has been observed. (asm.org)

Results for basic compounds: in most tissues, slope factors appeared to be higher than for acidic/neutral compounds. (ovid.com)

At that time there was great hope that three measurable tissue parameters, T1 and T2 relaxation times and proton density, would provide better specificity than other imaging modalities. (springer.com)
While image quality has improved remarkably, results of studies investigating the value of MR tissue parameters have been contradictory. (springer.com)
Pedrosa P., Jungke M., Grigat M., Higer H.P., Meindl S., Bielke G. (1990) Differentiation of Gliomas Using Tissue Parameters and a Three-dimensional Density Distribution Model. (springer.com)
Intensity histograms and their parameters (peak height, peak location, and 25 th , 50 th and 75 th percentile values) are computed for both T2 and PD images within each tissue region. (spie.org)

The measuring procedure encompasses a computerized electrode movement in the tissue which avoids significant compression artifacts and allows routine measurement in human tumors before, during, and after treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
A device is under development allowing the measurement of light intensity and temperature distributions in tissue. (spie.org)

ICG Distribution Using NIF Imaging After IV Injection of ICG in Benign and Malignant Breast Cancer Tissue. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Detecting the fluorescence in between benign and malignant tissue by a microscope with a filter for near ifra-red at a good wave length of ICG. (clinicaltrials.gov)

This document provides guidance on circumstances when repeated dose tissue distribution studies should be considered. (europa.eu)

A single dose tissue distribution study provides information for designing toxicology and pharmacology experiments and for interpreting the results of these studies. (criver.com)
Serial sections of tissue were utilized to validate MSI results by LC-MS, and stained to correlate observed EFV response with tissue morphology (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (CD3 staining). (natap.org)
The experiment results demonstrate that the size distribution and refractive index of the scatters of the top layer can be determined by measuring and analyzing the differential signal of the parallel and perpendicular components from a two-layer tissue phantom. (osapublishing.org)
The Armstrong strain of LCMV is cleared by 8 days postinfection (p.i.), while LCMV Cl-13 infection results in viremia that can last up to 3 months, with virus persisting in some tissues indefinitely. (asm.org)
Results show that chloroplasts of leaf color mutants exhibited abnormal morphology and distribution. (nih.gov)
Results from hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that in wild type, chloroplasts densely was distributed in various layers of palisade and spongy mesophyll tissues, and a few chloroplasts existed in the stomata cells in the epidermis (Figure 2A). (nih.gov)

Additional locations include a global division in Munich, Germany as well as several subsidiaries and distribution centers throughout, among others, Europe - Middle East - Africa (EMEA). (medindia.net)

Microscopical detection of indocyanine green in breast tissue. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Breast tissue expanders continue to remain increasingly preferred and highly popular clinical option among the customers. (express-press-release.net)
In comparison with human uterine tissues, which we have reported previously, human breast tissue "handles" estrogenic hormones differently from human uterine tissue. (aacrjournals.org)
The cellular sequestration and gross distribution of fluorescent cobalamin bioconjugates in breast tissue is being examined by epifluorescence microscopy. (spie.org)

Antibodies to all four proteins showed staining of dystrophic neurites and neuropil threads in AD tissue, and residual serum in normal tissue, but only antibodies to clusterin and vitronectin strongly stained amyloid deposits in senile plaques. (nih.gov)
Few direct comparisons have been made of the distribution of labelled antigens in normal and immune animals, and no work seems to have been done along these lines with a killed bacterial antigen. (nature.com)
Pre-irradiation intravenous administration of the radioprotective drug S- 2-[3-aminopropylamino]ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) has potential value in radiotherapy because it doubles the radiation resistance of normal mouse tissues while affording only minimal protection to tumors. (unt.edu)
The effect of the increased visceral adipose tissue on cardiovascular risk is presumably attenuated by the favorable cardiometabolic profile in women with RA, as suggested by the normal HOMA-IR and atherogenic index. (frontiersin.org)
The distribution of each compound is being evaluated in proliferative and non-proliferative tissue, i.e. normal tissue and breast carcinoma. (spie.org)
Design: Normal and degenerated tissues were obtained from goats and humans, including articular knee cartilage, the intervertebral disc, and meniscus. (harvard.edu)
Normal tissue was also obtained from patella-tibial enthesis in goats. (harvard.edu)
Considering the size, the optical property of tumors and their difference from surrounding normal tissue, a two-layer tissue configuration model for LITT is set up, and then energy distribution in the configuration is simulated with Monte Carlo method. (cnki.com.cn)

Cathepsin L activity and anti-papain inhibitory effect of cysteine protease inhibitors were quantified in extracts of separated umbilical cord tissues using fluorogenic substrates. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Multivariable logistic regression examined the association between BMI categories and tertiles of waist circumference (WC), visceral fat area (VFA), and periprostatic adipose tissue area (PPAT) with high-grade prostate cancer risk (Gleason score ≥7 vs. ≤6). (aacrjournals.org)
Although breed-line-sex combination significantly affected fit of the regression for some tissue distribution variables, the values predicted were changed only trivially. (unl.edu)
Linear regression analysis was performed for each tissue. (ovid.com)
Slope factors for the regression ranged from 0.2 (blood) to 3.8 (Harderian gland) and were correlated with neutral lipid contents in tissues. (ovid.com)

Tissue sections can be analyzed by immunohistochemistry using fluorescence or chromogenic detection. (jove.com)

Tissue distribution of 14C-labeled ethylene dibromide in the guinea pig. (cdc.gov)
Male Hartley-guinea-pigs were exposed to ethylene-dibromide (EDB) (106934) as a single intraperitoneal injection of 30 milligrams/kilogram (mg/kg) body weight in order to determine EDB tissue distribution. (cdc.gov)
A study was undertaken to determine the tissue distribution of uniformly radiocarbon-labeled ethylene-dibromide (106934) in guinea pigs following intraperitoneal administration. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy48

Organisms29

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs76

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment45

Phenomena and Processes52

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Health Care1

Separation of shoot and floral identity in Arabidopsis. (1/18708)

Novel regulation of the homeotic gene Scr associated with a crustacean leg-to-maxilliped appendage transformation. (2/18708)

Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila giant protein: cis element positioning provides an alternative means of interpreting an effector gradient. (3/18708)

A Wnt5a pathway underlies outgrowth of multiple structures in the vertebrate embryo. (4/18708)

The homeobox gene Pitx2: mediator of asymmetric left-right signaling in vertebrate heart and gut looping. (5/18708)

Mrj encodes a DnaJ-related co-chaperone that is essential for murine placental development. (6/18708)

Requirement of a novel gene, Xin, in cardiac morphogenesis. (7/18708)

Regulation of body length and male tail ray pattern formation of Caenorhabditis elegans by a member of TGF-beta family. (8/18708)

No images available that match "tissue distribution"

Tissue Distribution

Organ Specificity

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Cloning, Molecular

DNA, Complementary

Base Sequence

RNA, Messenger

Liver

Kidney

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Blotting, Northern

Metabolic Clearance Rate

Injections, Intravenous

Brain

Sequence Alignment

Spleen

Half-Life

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Isoenzymes

Iodine Radioisotopes

Carbon Radioisotopes

Alternative Splicing

Protein Isoforms

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Testis

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Carrier Proteins

Gene Expression

Species Specificity

In Situ Hybridization

Area Under Curve

Recombinant Proteins

Cell Line

Gene Library

Administration, Oral

Rats, Inbred Strains

Immunohistochemistry

Lung

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Organic Cation Transport Proteins

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Brain Chemistry

Viscera

Rabbits

Sea Bream

Autoradiography

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Membrane Proteins

Adipose Tissue

Drug Carriers

DNA Primers

Gene Expression Regulation

Oncorhynchus mykiss

DNA

Phylogeny

Molecular Weight

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Gallium Radioisotopes

Biotransformation

Canthaxanthin

Bile

Lymphoid Tissue

Rats, Wistar

Kinetics

Radioactivity

Myocardium

Cattle

Fetus

Animal Structures

Gills

Blotting, Western

Intestines

Swine

Organic Cation Transporter 1

Chromosome Mapping

Digestive System

Astatine