Tidal volume. Medical search

The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.

Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).

The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

Mechanical devices used to produce or assist pulmonary ventilation.

A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange.

The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.

The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)

Lung damage that is caused by the adverse effects of PULMONARY VENTILATOR usage. The high frequency and tidal volumes produced by a mechanical ventilator can cause alveolar disruption and PULMONARY EDEMA.

That part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT or the air within the respiratory tract that does not exchange OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE with pulmonary capillary blood.

Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle.

A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Volume of circulating BLOOD. It is the sum of the PLASMA VOLUME and ERYTHROCYTE VOLUME.

The force per unit area that the air exerts on any surface in contact with it. Primarily used for articles pertaining to air pressure within a closed environment.

The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.

The number of times an organism breathes with the lungs (RESPIRATION) per unit time, usually per minute.

Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmonary function testing, it is the ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow.

A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

The act of BREATHING in.

Injury following pressure changes; includes injury to the eustachian tube, ear drum, lung and stomach.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Damage to any compartment of the lung caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents which characteristically elicit inflammatory reaction. These inflammatory reactions can either be acute and dominated by NEUTROPHILS, or chronic and dominated by LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES.

RESPIRATORY MUSCLE contraction during INHALATION. The work is accomplished in three phases: LUNG COMPLIANCE work, that required to expand the LUNGS against its elastic forces; tissue resistance work, that required to overcome the viscosity of the lung and chest wall structures; and AIRWAY RESISTANCE work, that required to overcome airway resistance during the movement of air into the lungs. Work of breathing does not refer to expiration, which is entirely a passive process caused by elastic recoil of the lung and chest cage. (Guyton, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 8th ed, p406)

Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.

The volume of air remaining in the LUNGS at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the RESIDUAL VOLUME and the EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. Common abbreviation is FRC.

Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Recording of change in the size of a part as modified by the circulation in it.

Measurement of the volume of gas in the lungs, including that which is trapped in poorly communicating air spaces. It is of particular use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.

A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.

A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).

The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.

A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Physiological processes and properties of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.

The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia.

Ventilatory support system using frequencies from 60-900 cycles/min or more. Three types of systems have been distinguished on the basis of rates, volumes, and the system used. They are high frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV); HIGH-FREQUENCY JET VENTILATION; (HFJV); and high-frequency oscillation (HFO).

Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Continuous recording of the carbon dioxide content of expired air.

Techniques for effecting the transition of the respiratory-failure patient from mechanical ventilation to spontaneous ventilation, while meeting the criteria that tidal volume be above a given threshold (greater than 5 ml/kg), respiratory frequency be below a given count (less than 30 breaths/min), and oxygen partial pressure be above a given threshold (PaO2 greater than 50mm Hg). Weaning studies focus on finding methods to monitor and predict the outcome of mechanical ventilator weaning as well as finding ventilatory support techniques which will facilitate successful weaning. Present methods include intermittent mandatory ventilation, intermittent positive pressure ventilation, and mandatory minute volume ventilation.

The amount of BLOOD pumped out of the HEART per beat, not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time). It is calculated as the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.

Stretch receptors found in the bronchi and bronchioles. Pulmonary stretch receptors are sensors for a reflex which stops inspiration. In humans, the reflex is protective and is probably not activated during normal respiration.

The upper part of the trunk between the NECK and the ABDOMEN. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Volume of PLASMA in the circulation. It is usually measured by INDICATOR DILUTION TECHNIQUES.

Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.

The maximum volume of air that can be inspired after reaching the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the TIDAL VOLUME and the INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. Common abbreviation is IC.

A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.

Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.

Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

Measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung.

The interruption or removal of any part of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. Vagotomy may be performed for research or for therapeutic purposes.

Recording changes in electrical impedance between electrodes placed on opposite sides of a part of the body, as a measure of volume changes in the path of the current. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

The act of BREATHING out.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.

Cells specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptor cells may monitor external stimuli, as in TASTE and OLFACTION, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE in the blood.

All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.

The volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration. It is the equivalent to each of the following sums: VITAL CAPACITY plus RESIDUAL VOLUME; INSPIRATORY CAPACITY plus FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY; TIDAL VOLUME plus INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME plus functional residual capacity; or tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME plus residual volume.

The extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. Common abbreviation is ERV.

Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

Volume of circulating ERYTHROCYTES . It is usually measured by RADIOISOTOPE DILUTION TECHNIQUE.

The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).

The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.

Irregular HEART RATE caused by abnormal function of the SINOATRIAL NODE. It is characterized by a greater than 10% change between the maximum and the minimum sinus cycle length or 120 milliseconds.

Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.

Substances and drugs that lower the SURFACE TENSION of the mucoid layer lining the PULMONARY ALVEOLI.

Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.

The motor nerve of the diaphragm. The phrenic nerve fibers originate in the cervical spinal column (mostly C4) and travel through the cervical plexus to the diaphragm.

The outer margins of the thorax containing SKIN, deep FASCIA; THORACIC VERTEBRAE; RIBS; STERNUM; and MUSCLES.

Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.

Method for determining the circulating blood volume by introducing a known quantity of foreign substance into the blood and determining its concentration some minutes later when thorough mixing has occurred. From these two values the blood volume can be calculated by dividing the quantity of injected material by its concentration in the blood at the time of uniform mixing. Generally expressed as cubic centimeters or liters per kilogram of body weight.

Helium. A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Timing the acquisition of imaging data to specific points in the breathing cycle to minimize image blurring and other motion artifacts. The images are used diagnostically and also interventionally to coordinate radiation treatment beam on/off cycles to protect healthy tissues when they move into the beam field during different times in the breathing cycle.

A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or esophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anesthesia are better airway control, minimal anesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems.

Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.

Mechanical ventilation delivered to match the patient's efforts in breathing as detected by the interactive ventilation device.

The process of converting analog data such as continually measured voltage to discrete, digital form.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

The restoration to life or consciousness of one apparently dead. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Narrowing of the caliber of the BRONCHI, physiologically or as a result of pharmacological intervention.

A subspecialty of Pediatrics concerned with the newborn infant.

Complete or severe weakness of the muscles of respiration. This condition may be associated with MOTOR NEURON DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; injury to the PHRENIC NERVE; and other disorders.

The rate of airflow measured during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination.

Application of positive pressure to the inspiratory phase when the patient has an artificial airway in place and is connected to a ventilator.

Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

The posture of an individual lying face down.

Absence of air in the entire or part of a lung, such as an incompletely inflated neonate lung or a collapsed adult lung. Pulmonary atelectasis can be caused by airway obstruction, lung compression, fibrotic contraction, or other factors.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

Surgical incision of the trachea.

Application of positive pressure to the inspiratory phase of spontaneous respiration.

Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. (from Stedman, 25th ed)

Artificial respiration (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) using an oxygenated fluid.

Non-therapeutic positive end-expiratory pressure occurring frequently in patients with severe airway obstruction. It can appear with or without the administration of external positive end-expiratory pressure (POSITIVE-PRESSURE RESPIRATION). It presents an important load on the inspiratory muscles which are operating at a mechanical disadvantage due to hyperinflation. Auto-PEEP may cause profound hypotension that should be treated by intravascular volume expansion, increasing the time for expiration, and/or changing from assist mode to intermittent mandatory ventilation mode. (From Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1127)

A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.

The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Devices that cause a liquid or solid to be converted into an aerosol (spray) or a vapor. It is used in drug administration by inhalation, humidification of ambient air, and in certain analytical instruments.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Difficult or labored breathing.

The ratio of alveolar ventilation to simultaneous alveolar capillary blood flow in any part of the lung. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Body ventilators that assist ventilation by applying intermittent subatmospheric pressure around the thorax, abdomen, or airway and periodically expand the chest wall and inflate the lungs. They are relatively simple to operate and do not require tracheostomy. These devices include the tank ventilators ("iron lung"), Portalung, Pneumowrap, and chest cuirass ("tortoise shell").

Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.

The posture of an individual lying face up.

An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.

Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.

The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.

The act of blowing a powder, vapor, or gas into any body cavity for experimental, diagnostic, or therapeutic purposes.

A small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The carotid body, which is richly supplied with fenestrated capillaries, senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control.

An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.

Part of the brain located in the MEDULLA OBLONGATA and PONS. It receives neural, chemical and hormonal signals, and controls the rate and depth of respiratory movements of the DIAPHRAGM and other respiratory muscles.

Techniques for administering artificial respiration without the need for INTRATRACHEAL INTUBATION.

Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.

Respiratory support system used primarily with rates of about 100 to 200/min with volumes of from about one to three times predicted anatomic dead space. Used to treat respiratory failure and maintain ventilation under severe circumstances.

Therapy whose basic objective is to restore the volume and composition of the body fluids to normal with respect to WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. Fluids may be administered intravenously, orally, by intermittent gavage, or by HYPODERMOCLYSIS.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.

Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.

Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib, and contract during inspiration or respiration. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.

Advanced and highly specialized care provided to medical or surgical patients whose conditions are life-threatening and require comprehensive care and constant monitoring. It is usually administered in specially equipped units of a health care facility.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.

The position or attitude of the body.

An infant during the first month after birth.

A type of impedance plethysmography in which bioelectrical impedance is measured between electrodes positioned around the neck and around the lower thorax. It is used principally to calculate stroke volume and cardiac volume, but it is also related to myocardial contractility, thoracic fluid content, and circulation to the extremities.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about.

A family of cell-surface proteins found on ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS. B7 antigens are ligands for specific cell surface receptor subtypes found on T-CELLS. They play an immunomodulatory role by stimulating or inhibiting the T-CELL activation process.

The volume of air remaining in the LUNGS at the end of a maximal expiration. Common abbreviation is RV.

A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)

Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Devices intended to replace non-functioning organs. They may be temporary or permanent. Since they are intended always to function as the natural organs they are replacing, they should be differentiated from PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS and specific types of prostheses which, though also replacements for body parts, are frequently cosmetic (EYE, ARTIFICIAL) as well as functional (ARTIFICIAL LIMBS).

Health care provided to a critically ill patient during a medical emergency or crisis.

Barriers used to separate and remove PARTICULATE MATTER from air.

Care of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities associated with the cardiopulmonary system. It includes the therapeutic use of medical gases and their administrative apparatus, environmental control systems, humidification, aerosols, ventilatory support, bronchopulmonary drainage and exercise, respiratory rehabilitation, assistance with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and maintenance of natural, artificial, and mechanical airways.

Surgical formation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, or the opening so created.

The airflow rate measured during the first liter expired after the first 200 ml have been exhausted during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviations are MEFR, FEF 200-1200, and FEF 0.2-1.2.

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.

Breathing responses to small inspiratory threshold loads in humans. (1/1287)

To investiage the effect of inspiratory threshold load (ITL) on breathing, all previous work studied loads that were much greater than would be encountered under pathophysiological conditions. We hypothesized that mild ITL from 2.5 to 20 cmH2O is sufficient to modify control and sensation of breathing. The study was performed in healthy subjects. The results demonstrated that with mild ITL 1) inspiratory difficulty sensation could be perceived at an ITL of 2.5 cmH2O; 2) tidal volume increased without change in breathing frequency, resulting in hyperpnea; and 3) although additional time was required for inspiratory pressure to attain the threshold before inspiratory flow was initiated, the total inspiratory muscle contraction time remained constant. This resulted in shortening of the available time for inspiratory flow, so that the tidal volume was maintained or increased by significant increase in mean inspiratory flow. On the basis of computer simulation, we conclude that the mild ITL is sufficient to increase breathing sensation and alter breathing control, presumably aiming at maintaining a certain level of ventilation but minimizing the energy consumption of the inspiratory muscles. (+info)

Capsaicin-sensitive C-fiber-mediated protective responses in ozone inhalation in rats. (2/1287)

To assess the role of lung sensory C fibers during and after inhalation of 1 part/million ozone for 8 h, we compared breathing pattern responses and epithelial injury-inflammation-repair in rats depleted of C fibers by systemic administration of capsaicin as neonates and in vehicle-treated control animals. Capsaicin-treated rats did not develop ozone-induced rapid, shallow breathing. Capsaicin-treated rats showed more severe necrosis in the nasal cavity and greater inflammation throughout the respiratory tract than did control rats exposed to ozone. Incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (a marker of DNA synthesis associated with proliferation) into terminal bronchiolar epithelial cells was not significantly affected by capsaicin treatment in rats exposed to ozone. However, when normalized to the degree of epithelial necrosis present in each rat studied, there was less 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling in the terminal bronchioles of capsaicin-treated rats. These observations suggest that the ozone-induced release of neuropeptides does not measurably contribute to airway inflammation but may play a role in modulating basal and reparative airway epithelial cell proliferation. (+info)

Breathing patterns during slow and fast ramp exercise in man. (3/1287)

Breathing frequency (fb), tidal volume (VT), and respiratory timing during slow (SR, 8 W min-1) and fast (FR, 65 W min-1) ramp exercise to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer was examined in seven healthy male subjects. Expiratory ventilation (VE), pulmonary gas exchange (VO2 and VCO2) and end-tidal gas tensions (PET,O2 and PET,CO2) were determined using breath-by-breath techniques. Arterialized venous blood was sampled from a dorsal hand vein at 2 min intervals during SR and 30 s intervals during FR and analysed for arterial plasma PCO2 (PaCO2). PET,CO2 increased with increasing work rates (WRs) below the ventilatory threshold (VT); at WRs > or = 90% VO2,max, PET,CO2 was reduced (P < 0.05) below 0 W values in SR but not in FR.fb and VT were similar for SR and FR at all submaximal WRs, resulting in a similar VE. At exhaustion VE was similar but fb was higher (P < 0.05) and VT was lower (P < 0.05) in SR (fb, 51 +/- 10 breaths min-1; VT, 2590 +/- 590 ml) than in FR (fb, 42 +/- 8 breaths min-1; VT, 3050 +/- 470 ml). The time of expiration (TE) decreased with increasing WR, but there was no difference between SR and FR. The time of inspiration (TI) decreased at exercise intensities > or = VT; at exhaustion, TI was shorter (P < 0.05) during SR (0.512 +/- 0.097 s) than during FR (0.753 +/- 0.100 s). The TI to total breath duration (TI/TTot) and the inspiratory flow (VT/TI) were similar during SR and FR at all submaximal exercise intensities; at VO2,max, TI/TTot was lower (P < 0.05) and VT/TI was higher (P < 0.05) during SR (TI/TTot, 0.473 +/- 0.030; VT/TI, 5.092 +/- 0.377 l s-1) than during FR (TI/TTot, 0.567 +/- 0.050; VT/TI, 4.117 +/- 0.635 l s-1). These results suggest that during progressive exercise, breathing pattern and respiratory timing may be determined, at least at submaximal work rates, independently of alveolar and arterial PCO2. (+info)

Vital capacity and tidal volume preoxygenation with a mouthpiece. (4/1287)

We have measured oxygen wash-in in 20 volunteers undergoing preoxygenation with a face mask, mouthpiece alone and a mouthpiece with a noseclip, in a crossover study. Tidal volume breathing and maximal deep breath techniques were studied with each type of equipment. When tidal volume breathing was used, the face mask and mouthpiece with noseclip were comparable, but the mouthpiece alone achieved a lower end-expiratory oxygen concentration than the two other methods after 3 min (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01), and after 5 min (P < 0.05 in each case). Conversely, during preoxygenation with vital capacity breaths, the mouthpiece and mouthpiece with noseclip were comparable, and both were more effective than the face mask (P < 0.001). In a second study, 20 patients who had undergone preoxygenation before induction of anaesthesia were asked later if they would have preferred the face mask or mouthpiece for this procedure. Significantly more patients (14 of 18 who expressed a preference) favoured the mouthpiece (P < 0.05; confidence limits 0.56-0.92). (+info)

Compensatory alveolar growth normalizes gas-exchange function in immature dogs after pneumonectomy. (5/1287)

To determine the extent and sources of adaptive response in gas-exchange to major lung resection during somatic maturation, immature male foxhounds underwent right pneumonectomy (R-Pnx, n = 5) or right thoracotomy without pneumonectomy (Sham, n = 6) at 2 mo of age. One year after surgery, exercise capacity and pulmonary gas-exchange were determined during treadmill exercise. Lung diffusing capacity (DL) and cardiac output were measured by a rebreathing technique. In animals after R-Pnx, maximal O2 uptake, lung volume, arterial blood gases, and DL during exercise were completely normal. Postmortem morphometric analysis 18 mo after R-Pnx (n = 3) showed a vigorous compensatory increase in alveolar septal tissue volume involving all cellular compartments of the septum compared with the control lung; as a result, alveolar-capillary surface areas and DL estimated by morphometry were restored to normal. In both groups, estimates of DL by the morphometric method agreed closely with estimates obtained by the physiological method during peak exercise. These data show that extensive lung resection in immature dogs stimulates a vigorous compensatory growth of alveolar tissue in excess of maturational lung growth, resulting in complete normalization of aerobic capacity and gas-exchange function at maturity. (+info)

Expiratory time determined by individual anxiety levels in humans. (6/1287)

We have previously found that individual anxiety levels influence respiratory rates in physical load and mental stress (Y. Masaoka and I. Homma. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 27: 153-159, 1997). On the basis of that study, in the present study we investigated the metabolic outputs during tests and analyzed the respiratory timing relationship between inspiration and expiration, taking into account individual anxiety levels. Disregarding anxiety levels, there were correlations between O2 consumption (VO2) and minute ventilation (VE) and between VO2 and tidal volume in the physical load test, but no correlations were observed in the noxious audio stimulation test. There was a volume-based increase in respiratory patterns in physical load; however, VE increased not only for the adjustment of metabolic needs but also for individual mental factors; anxiety participated in this increase. In the high-anxiety group, the VE-to-VO2 ratio, indicating ventilatory efficiency, increased in both tests. In the high-anxiety group, increases in respiratory rate contributed to a VE increase, and there were negative correlations between expiratory time and anxiety scores in both tests. In an awake state, the higher neural structure may dominantly affect the mechanism of respiratory rhythm generation. We focus on the relationship between expiratory time and anxiety and show diagrams of respiratory output, allowing for individual personality. (+info)

Evaluation of pulmonary resistance and maximal expiratory flow measurements during exercise in humans. (7/1287)

To evaluate methods used to document changes in airway function during and after exercise, we studied nine subjects with exercise-induced asthma and five subjects without asthma. Airway function was assessed from measurements of pulmonary resistance (RL) and forced expiratory vital capacity maneuvers. In the asthmatic subjects, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) fell 24 +/- 14% and RL increased 176 +/- 153% after exercise, whereas normal subjects experienced no change in airway function (RL -3 +/- 8% and FEV1 -4 +/- 5%). During exercise, there was a tendency for FEV1 to increase in the asthmatic subjects but not in the normal subjects. RL, however, showed a slight increase during exercise in both groups. Changes in lung volumes encountered during exercise were small and had no consistent effect on RL. The small increases in RL during exercise could be explained by the nonlinearity of the pressure-flow relationship and the increased tidal breathing flows associated with exercise. In the asthmatic subjects, a deep inspiration (DI) caused a small, significant, transient decrease in RL 15 min after exercise. There was no change in RL in response to DI during exercise in either asthmatic or nonasthmatic subjects. When percent changes in RL and FEV1 during and after exercise were compared, there was close agreement between the two measurements of change in airway function. In the groups of normal and mildly asthmatic subjects, we conclude that changes in lung volume and DIs had no influence on RL during exercise. Increases in tidal breathing flows had only minor influence on measurements of RL during exercise. Furthermore, changes in RL and in FEV1 produce equivalent indexes of the variations in airway function during and after exercise. (+info)

Dyspnoea, peripheral airway involvement and respiratory muscle effort in patients with type I diabetes mellitus under good metabolic control. (8/1287)

Dyspnoea and pulmonary dysfunction have recently been associated with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The putative role of altered pulmonary mechanics and of performance of inspiratory muscles in inducing dyspnoea has not been yet assessed in Type I diabetes. To better focus on this topic we evaluated nine patients with Type I diabetes mellitus, aged 19 to 48 years with good and stable metabolic control, without a history of smoking and microvascular complications, alongside a group of 14 healthy control subjects. In each subject, pulmonary volumes, static and dynamic compliance, pleural pressure swings (Pplsw), maximal inspiratory pressures (Pplsn), Pplsw(%Pplsn), a measure of respiratory muscle effort, and tension-time index [TTI=TI/TTOTxPplsw(%Pplsn)] were measured (TI=inspiratory time;TTOT=total time of the respiratory cycle). All subjects were studied at baseline and during hypoxic rebreathing. Patients had normal pulmonary volumes. During hypoxic rebreathing, a normal change in respiratory muscle effort [DeltaPplsw(%Pplsn)/DeltaSaO2] and DeltaTTI/DeltaSaO2, and a lower change in tidal volume versus change in oxygen saturation [DeltaVT(% vital capacity)/DeltaSaO2], resulted in a higher ratio of respiratory effort to tidal volume [Pplsw(%Pplsn)/VT(% vital capacity)], a measure of neuroventilatory dissociation of the respiratory pump. Hypoxic dyspnoea, assessed by a modified Borg scale, showed a greater rate of rise (DeltaBorg/DeltaSaO2) and a greater increase for a given level of respiratory effort in patients. Moreover, neuroventilatory dissociation related to the expression of peripheral airway involvement, as assessed in terms of low dynamic compliance, and to concurrent change in dyspnoea sensation. Patients with Type I diabetes mellitus under good metabolic control and with normal lung volumes may have abnormal peripheral airway function. The latter is thought to be responsible for the association between dyspnoea sensation and neuroventilatory dissociation. (+info)

Tidal Dynamics Volume I: Theory and Analysis of Tidal Forces; Volume II Extreme Tidal Peaks and Coastal Flooding. 3rd ed. West ... "Tide Predictions & Data Tidal Current Predictions and Data Data Access Problems FAQ - Tide Predictions and Data". National ... have been called perigean spring tides and generally increase the normal tidal range by a couple of inches. The Ash Wednesday ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perigean_spring_tide

Influence of tidal volume on the distribution of gas between the lungs and the stomach in the nonintubated patient receiving ... Effects of smaller tidal volumes during basic life support: good ventilation, less risk? Resuscitation 1999: 43:25-29. Dörges V ... Manual resuscitators have no built-in tidal volume control - the amount of air used to force-inflate the lungs during each ... It was also found that when guideline-excessive tidal volumes were delivered, changes in blood flow were observed that were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bag_valve_mask

Brochard LJ (November 2009). "Tidal volume during acute lung injury: let the patient choose?". Intensive Care Medicine. 35 (11 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurally_adjusted_ventilatory_assist

Endurance training typically results in an increase in tidal volume. Muscles involved in respiration, including the diaphragm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_adaptation

Low tidal volumes (Vt) may cause a permitted rise in blood carbon dioxide levels and collapse of alveoli because of their ... Previously, mechanical ventilation aimed to achieve tidal volumes (Vt) of 12-15 ml/kg (where the weight is ideal body weight ... A shunt is perfusion without ventilation within a lung region.[citation needed] Low tidal volume ventilation was the primary ... Malhotra A (2007). "Low-tidal-volume ventilation in the acute respiratory distress syndrome". N Engl J Med. 357 (11): 1113-20. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_respiratory_distress_syndrome

"Stellar Tidal Streams in Spiral Galaxies of the Local Volume". Retrieved 2012-07-21. Paudel, Sanjaya; Duc, Pierre-Alain; Côté, ... The influence of tidal interactions, ram pressure stripping, and accreting gas envelopes". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 553: 1741- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4216

"Stellar Tidal Streams in Spiral Galaxies of the Local Volume". Retrieved 2012-07-21. Chung, A.; Van Gorkom, J.H.; Kenney, J.F.P ... being the remnants of a much smaller galaxy that has been torn apart by NGC 4651's tidal forces, something that explains why ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4651

IMPLEMENTATION When treating atelectasis - Therapy should be volume-oriented 2. Tidal volumes(VT) must be measured 3. VT goals ... When treating atelectasis, IPPB is only useful in the treatment of atelectasis if the volume delivered exceeds those volumes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_positive_pressure_breathing

Tidal volumes ≤ 1 ml/Kg are used during HFJV. This combination of small tidal volumes delivered for very short periods of time ... HFOV generates very low tidal volumes that are generally less than the dead space of the lung. Tidal volume is dependent on ... inspiratory time will all increase tidal volume and eliminate CO2. Increasing the tidal volume will also tend to increase the ... Increasing the % Inspiratory Time will also increase the volume of gas moved or tidal volume. Decreasing the frequency, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-frequency_ventilation

... and remove from the lungs tidal volume aliquots of conditioned perfluorocarbon (PFC). One research group led by Thomas H. ... it is possible to maintain better control of respiratory variables such as liquid functional residual capacity and tidal volume ... Conventional mechanical ventilation delivers tidal volume breaths on top of it. This mode of liquid ventilation currently seems ... In order to correctly and effectively conduct PLV, it is essential to properly dose a patient to a specific lung volume (10-15 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_breathing

Administered intravenously, doxapram stimulates an increase in tidal volume, and respiratory rate. Doxapram stimulates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxapram

The liquid ventilator is always volume-controlled because the specified tidal volume of PFC must be accurately delivered and ... R. Robert; P. Micheau; S. Cyr; O. Lesur; J.P. Praud; H. Wallti (2005). "A prototype of volume-controlled tidal liquid ... R. Robert; P. Micheau; H. Walti (2009). "Optimal expiratory volume profile in tidal liquid ventilation under steady state ... the pump generates a positive driving pressure in the trachea to ensure the PFC insertion of the tidal volume. During the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_ventilator

... is the physiological dead space volume and V t {\displaystyle V_{t}} is the tidal volume; P a CO 2 {\displaystyle P_{a\,{\ce { ... Because the total tidal volume ( V T {\displaystyle V_{T}} ) is made up of V A + V d {\displaystyle V_{A}+V_{d}} (alveolar ... This is given as a ratio of dead space to tidal volume. It differs from anatomical dead space as measured by Fowler's method as ... The Bohr equation is used to quantify the ratio of physiological dead space to the total tidal volume, and gives an indication ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_equation

Open lung ventilationn - Open lung ventilation is a ventilatory strategy that combines small tidal volumes (to lessen alveolar ... This may be reduced by using smaller tidal volumes. During positive pressure ventilation, atelectatic regions will inflate, ... A 2018 systematic review by The Cochrane Collaboration provided evidence that low tidal volume ventilation reduced post ... Alveolar overdistension is mitigated by using small tidal volumes, maintaining a low plateau pressure, and most effectively by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilator-associated_lung_injury

This allows much better ventilation, with improved tidal volume, and increased blood oxygenation. Positive pressure ventilation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flail_chest

Dual-control modes are pressure controlled modes with an exhaled tidal volume target. They work on a breath-by-breath basis and ... Assist/control A/C CMV Volume assist/control Volume control Volume limited ventilation Volume controlled ventilation Controlled ... The ventilator will attempt to deliver the set tidal volume utilizing whatever pressure is required to reach its setting. A ... Names such as: volume control ventilation, and volume cycled ventilation in modern usage refer to the Assist Control mode. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_mandatory_ventilation

Inhalational anesthetics elicit bronchodilation, an increase in respiratory rate, and reduced tidal volume. The net effect is ... Respiratory rate and inspiratory volume will also effect the promptness of anesthesia onset, as will the extent of pulmonary ... and patient respiratory rate and inspiratory volume. For gases that have minimal tissue solubility, termination of anesthesia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_anaesthetic

Suggested management includes ARDS goals; low tidal volume ventilation (6-8 mL/kg), low FiO2, and relatively high PEEP. PaO2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_donation

For those with respiratory failure, tracheal intubation with low tidal volume improves survival rates. Corticosteroids have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospirosis

If inspiration starts with a preset tidal volume and inspiratory flow, then the control variable is volume. If neither is true ... Pressure-regulated volume control is an IMV based mode. Pressure-regulated volume control utilizes pressure-limited, volume- ... SIMV Volume Control Plus (Covidien PB 840):[citation needed] The operator sets the tidal volume but not the inspiratory flow. ... mandatory delivery of the preset tidal volume will occur until the minute volume is achieved. The method for monitoring whether ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modes_of_mechanical_ventilation

In addition, N3G has been found to reduce tidal volume but not respiratory rate. Unlike norbuprenorphine, but similarly to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide

STP is most apparent in tidal volume or the amplitude of phrenic neural output. STD is a temporary jump in respiratory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxic_ventilatory_response

... with a tidal volume ranging from 1.2-1.5 L (0.26-0.33 imp gal; 0.32-0.40 US gal). The tidal volume is seen to double resulting ... The red blood cell count per unit volume in the ostrich is about 40% of that of a human; however, the red blood cells of the ... It provides birds with a large residual volume, allowing them to breathe much more slowly and deeply than a mammal of the same ... The advantage of this thick barrier may be protection from damage by large volumes of blood flow in times of activity, such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_ostrich

As an example, a patient who has a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/min and an average tidal volume of 250 mL/breath has an RSBI ... The RSBI is defined as the ratio of respiratory frequency to tidal volume (f/VT). People on a ventilator who cannot tolerate ... A RSBI score of less than 65 indicating a relatively low respiratory rate compared to tidal volume is generally considered as ... low tidal volume), and will therefore have a high RSBI. R S B I = f V T {\displaystyle RSBI={\frac {f}{V_{T}}}} Measurement is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_shallow_breathing_index

... a low tidal volume ventilation and needs specialized ventilators only available in critical care units. Ihra G, Gockner G, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percutaneous_transtracheal_ventilation

The low tidal volume aims to minimize alveolar overdistention and the PEEP minimizes cyclic atelectasis. Working in tandem the ... Open lung ventilation is a strategy that is utilized by several modes of mechanical ventilation to combine low tidal volume and ... Villar J, Kacmarek RM, Pérez-Méndez L, Aguirre-Jaime A (2006). "A high positive end-expiratory pressure, low tidal volume ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_lung_ventilation

It used to be the most common complication of mechanical ventilation but can usually be avoided by limiting tidal volume and ... Ventilator induced lung injury is often associated with high tidal volumes (Vt). Patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy ... and contributory factors probably include tidal volume, positive end-expiratory pressure and respiratory rate. There is no ... Barotraumas of ascent are also caused when the free change of volume of the gas in a closed space in contact with the diver is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barotrauma

It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. It is approximately equal to ... Lung volumes and lung capacities refer to the volume of air associated with different phases of the respiratory cycle. Lung ... volumes are directly measured, whereas lung capacities are inferred from volumes. The vital capacity can be used to help ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital_capacity

If there is a change in the mechanical properties of the lung/thorax and patient effort, the delivered tidal volume will be ... With support from the ventilator, the patient also regulates his own respiratory rate and tidal volume. In Pressure Support, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_support_ventilation

"Abdominal volume contribution to tidal volume as an early indicator of respiratory impairment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy". ... Abdominal volume change is defined as the volume swept by the abdominal wall. Optoelectronic plethysmography can be used ... From OEP it is thus possible to obtain volume variations of the entire chest wall and its different compartments. The chest ... Aliverti A, Stevenson N, Dellacà RL, Lo Mauro A, Pedotti A, Calverley PM (2004). "Regional chest wall volumes during exercise ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optoelectronic_plethysmography

Volume 2: Raptors to lapwings. Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. pp. 470-80. ISBN 978-0-19-553069-8.. ... They also visit freshwater lagoons in the vicinity, river and tidal pools, the edges of lakes and irrigated farmland. In ... Gould, John (1865). Handbook to The birds of Australia, Volume 2. self. pp. 290-92.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brolga

Volume (thermodynamics). *Thermodynamic equilibrium. *Thermal equilibrium. *Thermodynamic temperature. *Isolated system. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanojoule

They were kept in a tidal pool with a sea-gate at the Izu Mito Sea Paradise. Another, unsuccessful, attempt was made by the U.S ... The throat pleats extend from the mouth to the navel and allow the mouth to expand to a large volume for more efficient capture ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale

Kidd, I. G. Posidonius: The Translation of the Fragments, Volume III *^ a b Diogenes Laërtius, The Lives and Opinions of ... He wrote that daily tides are related to the Moon's orbit, while tidal heights vary with the cycles of the Moon, and he ... The History of Cartography, Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean, 1987, pp ... His history of the period 146 - 88 BCE is said to have filled 52 volumes.[18] His Histories continue the account of the rise ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posidonius

Each ditty drives along a tidal wave of filthy sound, an effortless drone featuring the crispest slices of guitar sound since ... their full array of throbbings, pulsings, yowlings, reverbs, triple echoes and sheer whiplash volume. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacemen_3

Ethanol has a smaller energy density than that of gasoline; this means it takes more fuel (volume and mass) to produce the same ... Ethanol has roughly one-third lower energy content per unit of volume compared to gasoline. This is partly counteracted by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuels

Tidal volume (TV)[edit]. Tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled or exhaled normally at rest. ... Tidal volume: that volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing (TV indicates a subdivision of the lung ... Tidal volume: that volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing (VT indicates a subdivision of the lung ... a flow-volume loop, which graphically depicts the rate of airflow on the Y-axis and the total volume inspired or expired on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_expiratory_volume

Lung Protective Ventilator Strategy utilising 5-8 mls/kg tidal volumes for mechanically ventilated patients to avoid volutrauma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surviving_Sepsis_Campaign

Cherry Blossoms lining the Tidal Basin in Washington, D.C.. Tijuca Forest, in Rio de Janeiro, has also been considered to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_forest

Tamagne, Florence (2004). A History of Homosexuality in Europe Berlin, London, Paris, 1919-1939: Volume 1, Algora. ISBN 0-585- ... Tidal Time Publishing. ISBN 978-0997146707. .. ... CS1: long volume value. *All articles with dead external links ... Documentation of these relationships is possible by a large volume of letters written between women. Whether the relationship ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbians

a b c d e f g h Mader, Charles L., 1999, "Modeling the 1958 Lituya Bay Mega-Tsunami", Science of Tsunami Hazards, Volume 17, ... It is a T-shaped bay with a width of 2 miles (3 km) and a length of 7 miles (11 km).[10] Lituya Bay is an ice-scoured tidal ... The debris released was estimated by the study as being between 5 and 10 times the volume of the initial rockfall, a bulking ... ratio 4). This additional volume would explain the large changes in the underwater shape of the sea floor in the bay, and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Lituya_Bay_megatsunami

... as its tidal volume would have been less than its dead-space volume, so that stale air was not expelled but was sucked back ... Estimates of its tidal volume - the amount of air moved into or out of the lungs in a single breath - depend on the type of ... the volume of air exchanged with each breath) of Plateosaurus, which when expressed as a ratio of air volume per body weight at ... the dead-space volume of a 30-ton specimen would be about 184 liters. This is the total volume of the mouth, trachea and air ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_sacs

The necessary extensive flue gas cleaning may be performed on the syngas instead of the much larger volume of flue gas after ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasification

Smaller volume than equivalent Li-ion. Extremely expensive due to silver. Very high energy density. Very high drain capable. ... However, when "jump starting" a car, the high current can cause the rapid release of large volumes of hydrogen, which can be ... active material may be lost due to physical changes of volume, further limiting the number of times the battery can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_

... with a tidal volume ranging from 1.2-1.5 L (0.26-0.33 imp gal; 0.32-0.40 US gal).[62][65] The tidal volume is seen to double ... The red blood cell count per unit volume in the ostrich is about 40% of that of a human; however, the red blood cells of the ... It provides birds with a large residual volume, allowing them to breathe much more slowly and deeply than a mammal of the same ... The advantage of this thick barrier may be protection from damage by large volumes of blood flow in times of activity, such as ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_ostrich

Kimbark, E.W., Direct current transmission, volume 1, Wiley Interscience, 1971.. *Cory, B.J., Adamson, C., Ainsworth, J.D., ... IEEE Transactions on Volume 4, Issue 1, Jan. 1989 Page(s):794-799 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current

... which suggests that anything that happens in a volume of spacetime can be described by data on the boundary of that volume.[176 ... Before that happens, they will have been torn apart by the growing tidal forces in a process sometimes referred to as ... object must be contained in a volume with a radius of 0.02 light-years to cause the motions of those stars.[141] Since then, ... The ergosphere of a black hole is a volume whose inner boundary is the black hole's oblate spheroid event horizon and a pumpkin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole?site=new-jersey-car-insurance-rate-increase

... is distinct from the diurnal flux of tidal power and the steady gyre of ocean currents. Wave-power generation is not ... "Wave energy devices with compressible volumes". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and ... The world's first marine energy test facility was established in 2003 to kick start the development of a wave and tidal energy ... Based in Orkney, Scotland, the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) has supported the deployment of more wave and tidal energy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_energy

Hegel, G. W. F. (2014). Hegel's Philosophy of Nature: Volume II. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317852506.. ... causing massive earthquakes and tidal waves. Others predicted that Elenin would collide with Earth on October 16. Scientists ... Byrne, Joseph Patrick (2008). Encyclopedia of Pestilence, Pandemics, and Plagues, Volume 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dates_predicted_for_apocalyptic_events

... is a small triangular tidal inlet in the west side of the River Dart estuary in England. It is near Dartmouth, ... According to "The place-names of Devon", by J E B Gover, A Mawer and F M Stenton, volume 1 page 321, the etymology is uncertain ... The second element comes from Anglo-Saxon flēot = "estuary, tidal creek". One possibility is Anglo-Saxon Wēala flēot = "the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfleet_Creek

The Indus is one of the few rivers in the world to exhibit a tidal bore. The Indus system is largely fed by the snows and ... G.P. Malalasekera (1 September 2003), Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, Volume 1, Asian Educational Services, ISBN 978-81-2061- ... The Zanskar River, which flows into the Indus in Ladakh, has a greater volume of water than the Indus itself before that point. ... "Sanskrit sindu-/Sindhu- and Old Iranian hindu-/Hindu-", in Mary Boyce; Ilya Gershevitch (eds.), W. B. Henning memorial volume ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_river

The Canadian Coast Guard publishes the List of Lights, Buoys and Fog Signals in four volumes which are updated periodically ... Each volume of the Light List contains aids to navigation in geographic order from north to south along the Atlantic coast, ... The United States Coast Guard Light List is published annually in 7 volumes. It covers the entire coastline of the United ... Some nations, including the United Kingdom and the United States, publish lists that cover the whole world in many volumes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_List

Tidal evolution in the Neptune-Triton system,journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics,volume=219,issue=1-2,pages=L23-L26,bibcode= ... volume=137,issue=5,pages=4322-4329,bibcode=2009AJ....137.4322J,doi=10.1088/0004-6256/137/5/4322,pmc=,pmid=,ref=harv}},/ref,,ref ...

https://ms.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khas:MobileDiff/4641949

so they are often much older than more massive blue giants.[6] The BHB takes its name from the prominent horizontal grouping of stars seen on colour-magnitude diagrams for older clusters, where core helium burning stars of the same age are found at a variety of temperatures with roughly the same luminosity. These stars also evolve through the core helium burning stage at constant luminosity, first increasing in temperature then decreasing again as they move toward the AGB. However, at the blue end of the horizontal branch, it forms a "blue tail" of stars with lower luminosity, and occasionally a "blue hook" of even hotter stars.[7] There are other highly evolved hot stars not generally referred to as blue giants: Wolf-Rayet stars, highly luminous and distinguished by their extreme temperatures and prominent helium and nitrogen emission lines; post-AGB stars forming planetary nebulae, similar to Wolf-Rayet stars but smaller and less massive; blue stragglers, uncommon luminous blue stars observed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_giant

This is in contrast to the mammalian system, in which the direction of airflow in the lung is tidal, reversing between ... volume) ampong prisyun (pressure). Ustung dagdaga'ne ing karaklan at bawasan ne ing prisyun, masipsip ing angin palub kareng ... Aliwa iti king sistema kareng mammal, nung nukarin king misusumangid a direksyon (tidal) ing agus ning angin, a babaligtad neng ...

https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baga

United Nations Treaty Series volume 49 *^ Mark Axworthy, London: Arms and Armour, 1995, Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed ... One of the most notable air bombardments was Operation Tidal Wave - the attack on the oil fields of Ploiești on 1 August 1943. ... American B-24 Liberator flying over a burning oil refinery at Ploiești, as part of Operation Tidal Wave on 1 August 1943. Due ... American Military Institute, 1996, The Journal of Military History, Volume 60, p. 720 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II

Heptner, V. G. ; Nasimovich, A. A. ; Bannikov, A. G. ; Hoffman, R. S. (1988) Mammals of the Soviet Union, Volume I, Washington ... "Evidence of environmental change since the earliest medieval period from the inter-tidal zone of Galway Bay". Ir Nat J. 33: 83- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Deer

He concluded that tidal forces (the tidal lag or "friction") caused by the Earth's rotation and the forces acting upon it by ... In A.E.J. Engel; Harold L. James; B.F. Leonard (eds.). Petrologic studies: a volume to honor of A.F. Buddington. Boulder, CO: ... Tidal drag due to the gravitational force the Moon (and the Sun) exerts on the crust of the Earth[31] ... Moore, George W. (1973). "Westward Tidal Lag as the Driving Force of Plate Tectonics". Geology. 1 (3): 99-100. Bibcode:1973Geo ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics

In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) The Families and Genera of Vascular ... since the roots of the mangrove trees reduce the speed of flow of tidal currents and trap water-borne sediment, reducing the ... The largest tree by volume is believed to be a giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) known as the General Sherman Tree in ... Only the trunk is used in the calculation and the volume is estimated to be 1,487 m3 (52,500 cu ft).[168] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree

In a healthy, young human adult, tidal volume is approximately 500 ml per inspiration or 7 ml/kg of body mass. Tidal volume ... Tidal volume (symbol VT or TV) is the volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during a normal breath. ... Tidal volume is measured in milliliters and ventilation volumes are estimated based on a patients ideal body mass. Measurement ... Ventilator-induced lung injury such as ALI/ARDS can be caused by ventilation with very large tidal volumes in normal lungs, as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_volume

Tidal volume is the amount of air thats displaced during a standard inhalation or exhalation. If a persons tidal volume is ... A persons IC is composed of the tidal volume plus the extra volume of air, known as inspiratory reserve volume. Tidal volume ... Tidal volume is the amount of air normally breathed into and out of the lungs. Tidal volume, simply stated, is the amount of ... VC is equal to tidal volume plus expiratory reserve volume plus inspiratory reserve volume. VC is used as a measure of the ...

https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-tidal-volume.htm

https://kdhx.org/events/music/other/bruiser-queen-tidal-volume

The increase in VdS per 100 ml increase in tidal volume (Vt) was 3.7 ml for CO2 and 3.3 for O2. As VdS increased, VdA also ... 9271807 - Effects of peep on respiratory mechanics are tidal volume and frequency dependent.. 1782647 - Electrocardiographic ... Title: Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases Volume: 56 ISSN: 0025-7931 ISO Abbreviation: Respiration ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Tidal-volume-change-gas-mixing/2635347.html

... the discrepancy between monitored tidal volume and set tidal volume ranged from 15 to 260 mL when the respiratory rate was 5 ... We recorded tidal volume using the monitoring devices on the ventilators and calculated the discrepancy from the set tidal ... Patients were paralyzed and received flow-triggered volume-controlled ventilation with a tidal volume of 10 mL/kg. In random ... Exhaled tidal volume overestimation in mechanically ventilated patients with large cardiogenic oscillation.. Imanaka H1, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15241100?dopt=Abstract

"Tidal Volume" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Tidal Volume" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Tidal Volume" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Tidal Volume" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Tidal Volume". ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Tidal%20Volume

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... tidal volume and stroke volume were computed as valley-to-peak values of the RVS and CVS, respectively. The difference in the ... we use the EIT technique to simultaneously measure two global variables of tidal volume and stroke volume. Time-varying ... tidal volume data between EIT and mechanical ventilator was within ± 20 ml from six pigs. The difference in the stroke volume ... The respiratory volume signal (RVS) and cardiac volume signal (CVS) were extracted from reconstructed time-difference EIT ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-68139-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=b9b167ab-5c77-4a03-ba96-6c639f2fe8a3

Volume 11, Number 10-October 2005 About the Cover. Of Tidal Waves and Human Frailty Downloads ... Potter P. Of Tidal Waves and Human Frailty. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2005;11(10):1653-1654. doi:10.3201/eid1110.ac1110.. ... Potter P. Of Tidal Waves and Human Frailty. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11(10):1653-1654. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1110.ac1110 ... Potter, P. (2005). Of Tidal Waves and Human Frailty. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11(10), 1653-1654. https://dx.doi.org/ ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/10/ac-1110_article

Methods A hypoxaemia (partial oxygen tension of arterial blood (PaO2) = 40-60 mmHg) model was developed by low tidal volume ... induces hippocampal neuronal cell injury under low tidal volume hypoxic conditions in guinea-pigs. Authors. *. Tomoko Somekawa- ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01566.x/full

... tidal volume was 9-11 mL/kg of predicted body weight (PBW) and PEEP , or =5 cm H2O. In the Pflex/LTV group, tidal volume was 5- ... strategy with a PEEP level set on day 1 above Pflex and a low tidal volume compared with a strategy with a higher tidal volume ... It has been shown in a two-center study that high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and low tidal volume (LTV) improved ... High positive end-expiratory pressure, low tidal volume ventilatory strategy in persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16557151?dopt=Abstract

... and tidal volume (V (t)) were measured and the breathing frequency-to-tidal volume ratio (f/V (t)) was calculated; ... Title: Neurocritical care Volume: 9 ISSN: 1541-6933 ISO Abbreviation: Neurocrit Care Publication Date: 2008 ... the expired minute volume (VE), breathing frequency (f), ... Tidal Volume*. Ventilator Weaning / methods*. From MEDLINE®/ ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/prediction-extubation-success-postoperative-neurosurgical/18250977.html

Acupressure Improves the Weaning Indices of Tidal Volumes and Rapid Shallow Breathing Index in Stable Coma Patients Receiving ... tidal volume; : minute ventilation; Cdyn: dynamic lung compliance; : rapid shallow breathing index.. ... Acupressure Improves the Weaning Indices of Tidal Volumes and Rapid Shallow Breathing Index in Stable Coma Patients Receiving ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2013/723128/tab2/

Normally, an individuals tidal volume is about A. 1-2 mL/1b. B. 3-4 mL/1b. C. 5-6 mL/1b. D. 7-8 mL/1b.. ... BiologyCardiopulmonary Anatomy & PhysiologyNormally, an individuals tidal volume is about A. 1-2 mL/1b. B. 3-4 mL/1b. C. 5-6 ... 2 - 8. Normally, an individuals tidal volume is...Ch. 2 - 9. A rapid and shallow ventilator pattern is...Ch. 2 - Assuming that ... If a patient weighs 175 pounds and has a tidal...Ch. 2 - 15. Lung compliance study Part /: If a patient...Ch. 2 - 16. If a ...

https://www.bartleby.com/solution-answer/chapter-2-problem-8rq-cardiopulmonary-anatomy-and-physiology-7th-edition/9781337794909/8-normally-an-individuals-tidal-volume-is-about-a-1-2-ml1b-b-3-4-ml1b-c-5-6-ml1b-d-7-8/6ab07700-6664-11e9-8385-02ee952b546e

... mechanical ventilation with a lower tidal volume than is traditionally used results in decreased mortality and increases the ... Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory ... with ventilation with a lower tidal volume, which involved an initial tidal volume of 6 ml per kilogram of predicted body ... mortality was lower in the group treated with lower tidal volumes than in the group treated with traditional tidal volumes ( ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10793162/?dopt=Abstract

The Defence of Tidal Volume by Asthmatic Athletes during Endurance Running. W Freeman, MGL Nute, C Williams ... The Defence of Tidal Volume by Asthmatic Athletes during Endurance Running Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to ...

http://www.clinsci.org/content/75/s19/3P.1

air trapping, neonates, pulmonary function, tidal flow/volume loops, tidal pressure/volume loops, total pulmonary resistance ... Tidal Pressure/Volume and Flow/Volume Respiratory Loop Patterns in Human Neonates A. D. Milner ; A. D. Milner ... 1. Tidal pressure/volume and flow/volume respiratory loops were constructed from records obtained during 98 studies on 48 ... A. D. Milner, R. A. Saunders, I. E. Hopkin; Tidal Pressure/Volume and Flow/Volume Respiratory Loop Patterns in Human Neonates. ...

https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/54/3/257/71173/Tidal-Pressure-Volume-and-Flow-Volume-Respiratory

When Zach Sullentrup and his bandmates formed Tidal Volume, the members were students at DeSmet Jesuit high school, and the ... too varied and too loose to fit into the frame that Tidal Volume had created. "Im a big fan of pop and rock music, and Tidal ... Tidal Volumes Zach Sullentrup Releases His First Solo Album, Debt Sounds By Christian Schaeffer ... While Tidal Volume still performs and records, Sullentrup, the bands singer, guitarist and songwriter, is about to release his ...

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High tidal volumes also decrease venous return and reduce cardiac output.. What is tidal lung capacity?. Tidal volume is the ... How does COPD affect tidal volume?. Tidal volume (Vt) is able to expand, since inspiratory volume (IC) remains constant. In ... What does high tidal volume mean?. Tidal volume is a measure of the amount of air a person inhales during a normal breath. ... What happens when tidal volume increases?. During exercise, tidal volume increases as the depth of breathing increases and the ...

https://afrolatinconnection.com/qa/question-what-is-a-good-tidal-volume.html

Use of low tidal volume ventilation (6 mL/kg) is well-established for ARDS (1), but there is less evidence for its use in non- ... Review: Lower rather than higher tidal volume benefits ventilated patients without ARDS. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:JC4. doi: ... Review: Lower rather than higher tidal volume benefits ventilated patients without ARDS Nicholas S. Hill, MD ... Association between use of lung-protective ventilation with lower tidal volumes and clinical outcomes among patients without ...

https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/1666738/review-lower-rather-than-higher-tidal-volume-benefits-ventilated-patients?searchresult=1

Abstract 290: Low Minute Ventilation Volume During CPR Disturbs the Relationship between End-Tidal CO2 and Coronary Perfusion ... Abstract 290: Low Minute Ventilation Volume During CPR Disturbs the Relationship between End-Tidal CO2 and Coronary Perfusion ... Abstract 290: Low Minute Ventilation Volume During CPR Disturbs the Relationship between End-Tidal CO2 and Coronary Perfusion ... Abstract 290: Low Minute Ventilation Volume During CPR Disturbs the Relationship between End-Tidal CO2 and Coronary Perfusion ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/128/Suppl_22/A290

In this quantitative systematic review we assessed the effects of ventilation with smaller tidal volume (Vt) on morbidity and ... Ventilation with Smaller Tidal Volumes: A Quantitative Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. ...

https://insights.ovid.com/asag/200407000/00000539-200407000-00039

The tidal forces in very close binary systems can be strong enough to rip matter from one star to the other, once the tidal ... Other Tidal Effects. Tidal forces exist between any two bodies. The effect stretches the bodies along the line between their ... This is the nature of tidal forces. The Moon has a greater tidal effect because the fractional change in distance from the near ... Consider (Figure) in Tidal Forces. This diagram represents the tidal forces for spring tides. Sketch a similar diagram for neap ...

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-osuniversityphysics/chapter/13-7-tidal-forces/

Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory ... Association of High Tidal Volume with Postpneumonectomy Failure Evans R. Fernández Pérez, M.D.; Mark T. Keegan, M.B.M.R.C.P.I. ... Association of High Tidal Volume with Postpneumonectomy Failure You will receive an email whenever this article is corrected, ... Association of High Tidal Volume with Postpneumonectomy Failure. Anesthesiology 4 2007, Vol.106, 876. doi:10.1097/01.anes. ...

http://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1923262

Three new species of free-living nematodes from inter-tidal sediments in southern New Zealand. in Nematology ... Three new species of free-living nematodes from inter-tidal sediments in southern New Zealand. in Nematology ...

https://brill.com/abstract/journals/nemy/10/5/article-p743_12.xml

... and tidal hyperinflation can lead to ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). We investigated the effects of a low tidal volume ( ... Lower tidal volume strategy (≈3 ml/kg) combined with extracorporeal CO2 removal versus conventional protective ventilation (6 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23306584/?dopt=Abstract

... that automatically and continuously varies the delivered tidal volume based on patient compliance and/or other monitored ... This disclosure describes systems and methods for ventilating a patient with a tidal volume that adjusts based on patient ... If the tidal volume needs to be changed, the tidal volume module 118 calculates an adjusted tidal volume based at least on the ... The tidal volume module 118 determines an adjusted tidal volume and sends the adjusted tidal volume along with the instruction ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2013033419A1/en

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network trial of lower tidal volumes compared with traditional tidal volumes for ... Lower tidal volume ventilation and plasma cytokine markers of inflammation in patients with acute lung injury*. ... Patients were randomized to a 6 mL/kg or a 12 mL/kg tidal volume strategy that has been previously described. ... Low tidal volume ventilation is associated with a more rapid attenuation of the inflammatory response. ...

https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00003246-200501000-00001

Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory ... Tidal Volume in Patients With Normal Lungs during General Anesthesia: Lower the Better?. Anesthesiology 5 2011, Vol.114, 1011- ... Tidal Volumes during General Anesthesia: Size Does Matter!. Adaptive Support Ventilation May Deliver Unwanted Respiratory Rate- ... Sundar S, Novack V, Jervis K, Bender SP, Lerner A, Panzica P, Mahmood F, Malhotra A, Talmor D: Influence of low tidal volume ...

http://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=2034869

The tidal volume of the combined trachea and oropharynx was 4.1 (2.0-4.9) mL/kg, which was 14 (12-21) % of the tidal volume ... The tidal volume of the oropharynx only was 2.3 (1.3-2.7) mL/kg, which was 9 (7-10) % of the tidal volume measured during ... this is considered a poor proxy for the tidal volumes administered.2 As inappropriate tidal volumes given at birth increase the ... despite them receiving apparently large tidal volumes. Further studies are needed before a range of larger tidal volumes can be ...

https://fn.bmj.com/content/100/1/F43

Ventilator-induced lung injury such as ALI/ARDS can be caused by ventilation with very large tidal volumes in normal lungs, as well as ventilation with moderate or small volumes in previously injured lungs, and research shows that the incidence of ALI increases with higher tidal volume settings in nonneurologically-impaired patients. (wikipedia.org)
There is a possibility that limiting tidal volume to patients with ARDS may be beneficial. (wisegeek.com)
It has been shown in a two-center study that high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and low tidal volume (LTV) improved outcome in ARDS. (nih.gov)
We similarly hypothesized that a ventilatory strategy based on PEEP above the lower inflection point of the pressure volume curve of the respiratory system (Pflex) set on day 1 with a low tidal volume would result in improved outcome in patients with severe and persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). (nih.gov)
A mechanical ventilation strategy with a PEEP level set on day 1 above Pflex and a low tidal volume compared with a strategy with a higher tidal volume and relatively low PEEP has a beneficial impact on outcome in patients with severe and persistent ARDS. (nih.gov)
For patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), target the recommended tidal volume of 6-8 mL/kg predicted body weight (PBW). (afrolatinconnection.com)
Use of low tidal volume ventilation (6 mL/kg) is well-established for ARDS (1), but there is less evidence for its use in non-ARDS respiratory failure. (annals.org)
The systematic analysis of 20 studies (2822 patients) by Serpa Neto and colleagues found lower incidences of ARDS, pulmonary infection, atelectasis, and mortality when lower tidal volumes were used in patients without ARDS. (annals.org)
We investigated the effects of a low tidal volume (V(T)) strategy (V(T) ≈ 3 ml/kg/predicted body weight [PBW]) using pumpless extracorporeal lung assist in established ARDS. (nih.gov)
Hough, Catherine L. 2018-04-01 00:00:00 PurposeLow tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) reduces mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. (deepdyve.com)
QUESTION: In patients with acute lung injury or the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), does mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volumes improve clinical outcomes? (bmj.com)
This study by the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network supports the use of low tidal volumes in acute lung injury and ARDS, and is consistent with a previous trial. (bmj.com)
Limiting tidal volume (V T ) in patients with ARDS may not be achieved once patient-triggered breaths occur. (rcjournal.com)
Pressure support with guaranteed volume could be tested in patients with ARDS. (rcjournal.com)
In the year 2000, a landmark study comparing lower tidal volume (VT) values (6 ml/kg PBW) with higher VT values (12 ml/kg PBW) in ARDS patients was undertaken by the ARDS Net group (3). (hamilton-medical.com)
Setting your tidal volume anywhere less than or equal to 10 is probably fine in the patients without ARDS/Lung issues. (reviewsinem.com)
The purpose of this study is to evaluate a proposed mechanism of benefit for neuromuscular blockers in the treatment of ARDS: occult high-VT breaths during low tidal volume ventilation. (petalnet.org)

Similarly A 2018 systematic review by The Cochrane Collaboration provided evidence that low tidal volume ventilation reduced post operative pneumonia and reduced the requirement for both invasive and non invasive ventilation after surgery Initial settings of mechanical ventilation: Protective lung Ventilation strategies should be applied with VT 6ml/kg to 8ml/kg with RR = 12 to 20 and an average starting target minute ventilation of 7 l/min. (wikipedia.org)
Hypoventilation could be detected by continuous monitoring of tidal volume and minute ventilation from non-intubated patients with respiratory depression in post anesthesia care unit (PACU) and general ward. (nature.com)
Minute ventilation is the tidal volume times the respiratory rate, usually, 500 mL × 12 breaths/min = 6000 mL/min. (afrolatinconnection.com)
Increasing respiratory rate or tidal volume will increase minute ventilation. (afrolatinconnection.com)
Coefficient of variation of V T was greater for low f and volume control-mandatory minute ventilation and pressure control modes. (rcjournal.com)
At rest a normal person moves approximately a volume of 450 mL with each breath at a rate of 10 breathsmin so the minute ventilation is approximately 4500 mLmin. (kyloo.net)
Plateau and driving pressure were lower and respiratory rate was higher in the low tidal volume group than in the intermediate tidal volume group, while minute ventilation and PEEP did not differ significantly between groups. (reviewsinem.com)

High positive end-expiratory pressure, low tidal volume ventilatory strategy in persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome. (nih.gov)
Traditional approaches to mechanical ventilation use tidal volumes of 10 to 15 ml per kilogram of body weight and may cause stretch-induced lung injury in patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. (nih.gov)
In patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation with a lower tidal volume than is traditionally used results in decreased mortality and increases the number of days without ventilator use. (nih.gov)
Association between use of lung-protective ventilation with lower tidal volumes and clinical outcomes among patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis. (annals.org)
In this quantitative systematic review we assessed the effects of ventilation with smaller tidal volume (Vt) on morbidity and mortality in patients aged 16 yr or older affected by acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. (ovid.com)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by damage to the lung caused by various insults, including ventilation itself, and tidal hyperinflation can lead to ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). (nih.gov)
Timing of low tidal volume ventilation and intensive care unit mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome. (deepdyve.com)
and the acute respiratory distress syndrome1 ventilation use tidal volumes of 10 to 15 ml per kilo- is approximately 40 to 50 percent.2-4 Al- gram of body weight and may cause stretch-induced though substantial progress has been made lung injury in patients with acute lung injury and the in elucidating the mechanisms of acute lung injury,5 acute respiratory distress syndrome. (healthdrugpdf.com)
We therefore there has been little progress in developing effective conducted a trial to determine whether ventilation with lower tidal volumes would improve the clinical Traditional approaches to mechanical ventilation use tidal volumes of 10 to 15 ml per kilogram of body Methods weight.6 These volumes are larger than those in nor- acute respiratory distress syndrome were enrolled ina multicenter, randomized trial. (healthdrugpdf.com)
Lung regional metabolic activity and gas volume changes induced by tidal ventilation in patients with acute lung injury. (docphin.com)
Bellani G, Guerra L, Musch G, Zanella A, Patroniti N, Mauri T, Messa C, Pesenti A. Lung regional metabolic activity and gas volume changes induced by tidal ventilation in patients with acute lung injury. (docphin.com)
Low tidal volume ventilation reduced mortality in patients with acute lung injury. (journalfeed.org)
This was a RCT of low vs. traditional tidal volume ventilation in 861 patients with acute lung injury. (journalfeed.org)
Mechanical ventilation of patients with acute lung injury with a low tidal volume (6mL/kg based on ideal body weight vs. 12mL/kg) reduced mortality. (journalfeed.org)

Protective lung volumes apply 6ml/kg to 8ml/kg with a rate high enough for proper alveolar ventilation but does not create or aggravate intrinsic peep Protective Lung Ventilation Strategies apply. (wikipedia.org)
In the Pflex/LTV group, tidal volume was 5-8 mL/kg PBW and PEEP was set on day 1 at Pflex + 2 cm H2O. (nih.gov)
All patients were on the assist/control mode of a volume ventilator without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and tidal volume (V(T)) of 7 ml, 11 ml, and 14 ml/kg body weight were used in each patient in a random manner while oxygen dynamics were monitored. (elsevier.com)

Short-term large tidal volume mechanical ventilation during anesthesia has been associated with worsening pulmonary inflammatory response in experimental animal models. (asahq.org)
Brief, large tidal volume ventilation initiates lung injury and a systemic response in fetal sheep. (semanticscholar.org)

The Endotracheal Tube ETT Depth and Tidal Volume Calculator estimates depth of optimal ETT placement and target tidal volume by height. (kyloo.net)
With pressure support ventilation, the lowest level of pressure support was used to reach the target tidal volume with a minimum of 5 cm H2O. (reviewsinem.com)

Tidal volume plays a significant role during mechanical ventilation to ensure adequate ventilation without causing trauma to the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
After calibrating the volume signals using the mechanical ventilator and the invasive transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) method, tidal volume and stroke volume were computed as valley-to-peak values of the RVS and CVS, respectively. (nature.com)
The difference in the tidal volume data between EIT and mechanical ventilator was within ± 20 ml from six pigs. (nature.com)
Methods A hypoxaemia (partial oxygen tension of arterial blood (PaO 2 ) = 40-60 mmHg) model was developed by low tidal volume mechanical ventilation in guinea-pigs. (wiley.com)
2. Values obtained for standard pulmonary mechanical measurements and thoracic gas volume were similar to those of other workers. (portlandpress.com)
Choi G, Wolthuis EK, Bresser P, Levi M, van der Poll T, Dzoljic M, Vroom MB, Schultz MJ: Mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volumes and positive end-expiratory pressure prevents alveolar coagulation in patients without lung injury. (asahq.org)
High tidal volume mechanical ventilation (HTVMV) leads to pulmonary edema from increased endothelial permeability. (biomedcentral.com)
In this in vivo mouse model, high tidal volume mechanical ventilation caused pulmonary edema and lung tissue infiltration with white blood cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Guenther and Taut in their comments on our article that the best way to express tidal volume would have been as mlkg of predicted body weight BW but unfortunately in the first study of mechanical ventilation in 1998 we did not record height and were therefore unable to calculate predicted BW. (kyloo.net)
Traditionally, mechanical ventilation has been provided by controlling the pressure or volume of air delivered by these machines (ventilators). (isrctn.com)
Here, we are comparing the effects of the lower end of what is considered a normal tidal volume (4-5 ml/kg) to those of a higher normal tidal volume (7-8 ml/kg) delivered by mechanical ventilation to premature babies. (isrctn.com)
Those in group 1 are given the lower normal tidal volume of air (4-5 ml/kg) via mechanical ventilation. (isrctn.com)
HILO Trial - A comparative pilot study of HIgh versus LOw tidal volume for mechanical ventilation in very low birth weight preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome. (isrctn.com)
The time to achieve a 25% reduction in peak pressure in very premature babies receiving mechanical breathing support using volume-targeted ventilation is less using high normal tidal volume (7-8 ml/kg) as compared to low normal tidal volume (4-5 ml/kg). (isrctn.com)

Exhaled tidal volume overestimation in mechanically ventilated patients with large cardiogenic oscillation. (nih.gov)
In mechanically ventilated patients with large cardiogenic oscillation, exhaled tidal volume is overestimated on at least one model of ventilator. (nih.gov)
High tidal volumes in mechanically ventilated patients increas. (mysciencework.com)
High tidal volumes in mechanically ventilated patients increase organ dysfunction after cardiac surgery. (mysciencework.com)

Tidal volume (symbol VT or TV) is the volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during a normal breath. (wikipedia.org)
Tidal volume, simply stated, is the amount of air that is displaced during a standard inhalation or exhalation, in other words, the amount of air breathed in during a normal breath. (wisegeek.com)
Tidal volume is a measure of the amount of air a person inhales during a normal breath. (afrolatinconnection.com)
The control variable describes how the ventilator manages pressure, volume, and flow during a breath. (rcjournal.com)
the volume of air that is inspired or expired in a single breath during regular breathing. (thefreedictionary.com)
VT Tidal Volume mLkg VT is the volume of air inspiredexpired with each breath. (kyloo.net)
The tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired in a normal breath. (bartleby.com)
The tidal volume refers to the amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled during a normal breath. (nextstepmcat.com)
The volume controlled ventilation works by controlling the amount of air/oxygen delivered at each breath (tidal volume). (isrctn.com)

Tidal volume is the amount of air normally breathed into and out of the lungs. (wisegeek.com)
If an individual were to inhale as deeply as he or she could, the volume of air held in the lungs would be termed inspiratory capacity (IC). (wisegeek.com)
VC is used as a measure of the potential volume of air that would flow into and out of the lungs if they were stressed to maximum capacity. (wisegeek.com)
Residual volume describes any lung volume that does not benefit breathing or gas exchange, such as dead space between the alveoli in the lungs. (wisegeek.com)
Tidal volume is the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle. (afrolatinconnection.com)
Lung capacities It is the maximum volume of air the lungs can accommodate or sum of all volume compartments or volume of air in lungs after maximum inspiration. (afrolatinconnection.com)
We tested whether pre-existing inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure would modify cytokine/chemokine response in newborn rat lungs to high tidal volume ventilation (HTVV). (ovid.com)
Total lung capacity: the volume in the lungs at maximal inflation, the sum of VC and RV. (wikimili.com)
Spirometry generates pneumotachographs, which are charts that plot the volume and flow of air coming in and out of the lungs from one inhalation and one exhalation. (wikipedia.org)
Lung compliance is measured as a change in the volume of lungs per unit change in the pressure. (bartleby.com)
It determines the capacity of the lungs to accommodate the volume of air in liters for each centimeter change in the pressure of water. (bartleby.com)
The low tidal volume is necessary to protect the lungs against any damage because the compliance has decreased. (bartleby.com)
Measurement of lung volumes provides a tool for understanding normal function of the lungs as well as disease states. (vernier.com)
This is important as, although lower tidal volumes can prevent the lungs from being damaged, they can also make the baby work harder at their breathing than they should. (isrctn.com)
When normal lungs are ventilated with large tidal volumes (VT) and end-inspired pressures (Pei), surfactant is depleted and pulmonary edema develops. (northwestern.edu)

Exhalation, similar to inhalation, consists of the standard tidal volume as well as the potential for an expiratory resolve volume (ERV). (wisegeek.com)
One group is ventilated with a standard tidal volume of 10 ml/kg. (isrctn.com)

We agree with Dr. Neustein that the absence of reliable data on airway pressures and tidal volumes during one-lung ventilation is a major limitation of our study. (asahq.org)
In 10 preterm infants, delta pressures, tidal volumes and leak were measured during ventilation 2 min before (mask ventilation) and 2 min after intubation (endotracheal ventilation). (bmj.com)
BACKGROUND Excessive peak inspiratory pressures (PIP) and high tidal volumes (Vt) during manual ventilation can be detrimental to the neonatal lung. (semanticscholar.org)
During the first 3 days of ventilation, tidal volumes and airway pressures were significantly different among the groups. (reviewsinem.com)

abstract = "The effects of altering tidal volume (V(T)) on oxygen dynamics were monitored in eight injured patients and eight cirrhotic patients. (elsevier.com)

Total pulmonary resistance was computed at five separate levels in the breathing cycle and results were expressed graphically as tidal resistance profiles by plotting total pulmonary resistance against percentage tidal volume above functional residual capacity. (portlandpress.com)
3. The technique appeared to be particularly useful in identifying air trapping and also demonstrated that total pulmonary resistance is open to misinterpretation when measured only at the mid-tidal-volume level, as is the present convention. (portlandpress.com)
Traditional preset tidal volumes higher than 10 ml/kg have been proved to be associated with increased risk of pulmonary barotrauma and should be avoided. (afrolatinconnection.com)
Tidal Volume (TV) post-process obtained with electrical impedance tomography on a group of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. (upc.edu)
To assess the relationship between gas volume changes induced by tidal ventilation and pulmonary metabolic activity in patients with ALI. (docphin.com)

Enrollment was stopped early due to obvious mortality benefit in the low tidal volume group. (journalfeed.org)

The mean tidal volume values obtained with pneumotach and TIE4sys on the second group of COPD patients (M:4) were: 0.798±0.395 L and 0.732±0.327 L. The mean of the differences was 0.066±0.114L. The differences of determinations estimated with pneumotach and TIE4sys can be attributed to changes of anthropometric characteristics like subscapular skinfold. (upc.edu)

Volume control (VC) ventilation implies a preset tidal volume (V T ) and inspiratory flow waveform. (rcjournal.com)

Measurement of tidal volume can be affected (usually overestimated) by leaks in the breathing circuit or the introduction of additional gas, for example during the introduction of nebulized drugs. (wikipedia.org)
Results: In all test lung models, exhaled tidal volume measured at the airway decreased markedly with decreasing lung compliance, but measurement at the ventilator showed minimal change. (harvard.edu)
Future studies of tidal volume measurement accuracy in mechanically ventilated children should control for the degree of ETT leakage. (harvard.edu)
Measurement of tidal volume. (kyloo.net)
Unless otherwise specified, volume qualifiers indicate the volume inspired from RV at the point of measurement. (wikimili.com)

We therefore conducted a trial to determine whether ventilation with lower tidal volumes would improve the clinical outcomes in these patients. (nih.gov)
Ventilation minute volumes should therefore be monitored, and hypoventilation avoided, to prevent clinical misinterpretation of ETCO 2 values. (ahajournals.org)
You will correlate lung volumes with a variety of clinical scenarios. (vernier.com)
Correlate lung volumes with clinical conditions. (vernier.com)
However, the tidal volume delivered by ventilators in clinical practice varies considerably, from 4-8ml/kg. (isrctn.com)

This defines the baseline sea level and here we consider only the much smaller tidal bulge measured from that baseline sea level. (lumenlearning.com)

Therefore, respiratory tract volumes were measured in lambs and tidal volumes were compared in preterm infants before and after intubation. (bmj.com)
In preterm infants, inspiratory (11.1 (7.9-22.6) mL/kg vs 5.8 (3.9-9.6) mL/kg (p=0.01)) and expiratory (8.3 (6.8-15.4) mL/kg vs 4.9 (3.9-9.6) mL/kg (p=0.02)) tidal volumes were significantly larger during mask ventilation compared with endotracheal ventilation. (bmj.com)
In preterm lambs, we demonstrated that pressurisation of the oropharynx and trachea can account for part of the measured tidal volumes differences. (bmj.com)
Although a tidal volume range of 4-8 mL/kg is currently suggested for neonatal ventilation at birth, 5 there is little evidence indicating what tidal volumes are safe in preterm infants. (bmj.com)
The recommended range is based on spontaneously breathing preterm infants on continuous positive airway pressure 6 and intubated infants in the neonatal intensive care unit receiving volume-guaranteed ventilation. (bmj.com)
Impact of delivered tidal volume on the occurrence of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants during positive pressure ventilation in the delivery room. (allthingsneonatal.com)
Once a preterm infant is admitted to the NICU we start volume targeted ventilation from the start. (allthingsneonatal.com)
To our knowledge, there are no data comparing nasal CPAP devices in their ability to recruit lung volume in preterm neonates. (aappublications.org)

Our study design did not allow us to determine the mechanism of the observed interaction between the intraoperative tidal volume and fluid administration. (asahq.org)
Fernández-Pérez ER, Keegan MT, Brown DR, Hubmayr RD, Gajic O: Intraoperative tidal volume as a risk factor for respiratory failure after pneumonectomy. (asahq.org)

VC is equal to tidal volume plus expiratory reserve volume plus inspiratory reserve volume. (wisegeek.com)

tilation with a higher airway pressure to maintain tidal volume (4). (taylorfrancis.com)
The key to which is if the resulting peak airway pressure exceeds 30cmH 2 O, then the tidal volume must be reduced and the duty intensive care specialist consulted. (health.nz)
The trial compared mal subjects at rest (range, 7 to 8 ml per kilogram), traditional ventilation treatment, which involved an but they are frequently necessary to achieve normal initial tidal volume of 12 ml per kilogram of predicted values for the partial pressure of arterial carbon diox- body weight and an airway pressure measured after ide and pH. (healthdrugpdf.com)
To determine whether lung volume changes and breathing pattern parameters differ among 3 devices for delivery of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in premature infants. (aappublications.org)

The prediction of extubation success of postoperative neurosurgical patients using frequency-tidal volume ratios. (biomedsearch.com)
Is tidal volume affected by frequency of breathing? (afrolatinconnection.com)
We examined the effect of the interventions on a large data set using hourly tidal volumes, a far greater frequency of sampling than achieved in most ventilation studies. (bmj.com)

Objectives Low tidal volume (TVe) ventilation improves outcomes for ventilated patients, and the majority of clinicians state they implement it. (bmj.com)

Introduction: The objective of this laboratory study was to measure the effect of decreased lung compliance and endotracheal tube (ETT) leakage on measured exhaled tidal volume at the airway and at the ventilator, in a research study with a test lung. (harvard.edu)
Option (d) states that when lung compliance decreases, there is an increase in the ventilation rate and decrease in the tidal volume. (bartleby.com)
The tidal volume decreases with a decrease in compliance. (bartleby.com)
Option (a) states that there will only be an increase in the ventilation rate when the lung compliance decreases but the tidal volume also decreases. (bartleby.com)

When Zach Sullentrup and his bandmates formed Tidal Volume, the members were students at DeSmet Jesuit high school, and the songs didn't exactly hide that fact. (riverfronttimes.com)
What does high tidal volume mean? (afrolatinconnection.com)
High tidal volumes also decrease venous return and reduce cardiac output. (afrolatinconnection.com)
2,3 Despite some controversies, corresponding human data support the hypothesis that even brief exposure to high-tidal-volume ventilation influences the inflammatory and coagulation response in the lung. (asahq.org)
the use of measured body weight can inadvertently lead to the use of high tidal volume ventilation. (bmj.com)
High in comparison with low tidal volume ventilation aggravates oxidative stress-induced lung injury. (semanticscholar.org)
This study investigates the influence of low versus high tidal volume (V(t)) on oxidative stress-induced lung injury. (semanticscholar.org)
Among those factors, hypothermia and lower cerebral oxygen saturation during delivery room resuscitation and high tidal volumes delivered during respiratory support are associated with increased risk of severe neurologic injury. (frontiersin.org)
The Edmonton group led by Dr. Schmolzer has had several papers examined in these blogs and on this occasion I am reviewing an important paper that really is a follow-up study to a previous one looking at the impact of high tidal volume delivery after birth. (allthingsneonatal.com)
Rates of volume support after admission were slightly higher in the high volume group but inotrope usage appears to be not significantly different. (allthingsneonatal.com)
In patients with ALI managed with relatively high end-expiratory pressure, metabolic activity of aerated regions was associated with both plateau pressure and regional Vt normalized by end-expiratory lung gas volume, whereas no association was found between cyclic recruitment-derecruitment and increased metabolic activity. (docphin.com)
The study would involve randomising the babies to low tidal volume (4-5 ml/kg) or high tidal volume (7-8 ml/kg) at birth using volume guarantee mode of ventilation. (isrctn.com)
High V(T) caused a rise in minute volume, as one would predict, and a fall in respiratory rate in both groups. (elsevier.com)

What these results say to me is that despite having lower oxygen saturations and cerebral oxygen saturation at various time points in the first 25 minutes of life the infants seem to be better off given that HR was lower in those given higher volumes despite similar FiO2. (allthingsneonatal.com)

6 mL/kg was significantly increased with spontaneous breaths patient-triggered by pressure support (OR 19.36, 95% CI 12.37-30.65) and significantly reduced in APRV (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26-0.72) and pressure support with guaranteed volume mode. (rcjournal.com)
The HTVMV group received a tidal volume of 25 ml/kg and 33 breaths/minute for 4 hours. (biomedcentral.com)

Low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) is one of the interventions specifically designed to prevent ventilator-associated conditions (VAC). (afrolatinconnection.com)

Critically ill patients in the intensive care unit have even a lower tidal volume of 8 mlkg. (kyloo.net)
and Arthur Wheeler, M.D., Vanderbilt University, Nash- ventilation with a lower tidal volume than is tradition- ville) assumes responsibility for the overall content and integrity of themanuscript. (healthdrugpdf.com)

Both pressure-control ventilation (PCV) and volume-assured pressure support ventilation are associated with less patient WOB than the constant flow pattern commonly used during volume-control ventilation (VCV). (rcjournal.com)
Patients assigned to the low tidal volume group started at a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg predicted body weight (PBW) and received either volume-controlled or pressure support ventilation. (reviewsinem.com)

4-6 In our study, postoperative respiratory failure in the group of patients receiving larger tidal volume was observed during surgery as short as 244 min (25% interquartile range). (asahq.org)

Objective Upper airway distention during mask ventilation could reduce gas volumes entering the lung compared with ventilation via an endotracheal tube. (bmj.com)

We recorded tidal volume using the monitoring devices on the ventilators and calculated the discrepancy from the set tidal volume. (nih.gov)
Using 3 ventilators (Hamilton Veolar, Hamilton Galileo, and Dräger Evita 2 dura), we tested volume-control ventilation with a constant flow pattern (VCV-CF), volume-control ventilation with a decelerating flow (VCV-DF), and pressure-control ventilation (PCV). (rcjournal.com)
Some new advances in the technology means that there are now better ventilators that can deliver more accurate tidal volumes than before. (isrctn.com)

Stroke volume and cardiac output are key indicators of hemodynamically-unstable patients in operating room (OR), intensive care unit (ICU), and emergency room (ER). (nature.com)
Tidal volumes of more than 10 ml/kg are risk factors for organ failure and prolonged intensive care unit stay after cardiac surgery. (mysciencework.com)

It calls particular attention to the 'Throat of Kraken', a topographic constriction between two main basins of Kraken, through which tidal currents may be quite strong: analogy is drawn to the Corryvreckan in Scotland, and the Strait of Gibraltar. (arizona.edu)

Other terms regarding lung capacity are residual volume and total lung capacity. (wisegeek.com)
Total lung capacity, as its name suggests, is the vital capacity plus the residual volume. (wisegeek.com)
Four standard lung volumes, namely, tidal (TV), inspiratory reserve (IRV), expiratory reserve (ERV), and residual volumes (RV) are described in the literature. (afrolatinconnection.com)
Functional residual capacity (FRC), the resting lung volume at end expiration, is the only "static" lung volume that can be readily assessed in non-cooperative infants and very young children. (bmj.com)
The functional alterations of the respiratory system are expressed by a decrease in the functional residual capacity (FRC) and a shift of the respiratory system pressure-volume curve down and to the right. (ebrary.net)

Lung volume may be negatively affected by scoliosis. (wisegeek.com)
It contracts and increases lung volume , hence decreasing pressure. (wisegeek.com)
During breathing, the diaphragm muscle contracts and increases lung volume, decreasing pressure at the same time. (wisegeek.com)
Measurements of lung volume are relevant for assessing lung growth and development and for interpreting volume dependent lung function parameters. (bmj.com)
the large VT was chosen to match Pei and end-spired lung volume. (northwestern.edu)
These advantages did not result from differences in Pei, end-inspiratory lung volume, or preload (Ppwtm). (northwestern.edu)
After lung recruitment to standardize volume history, changes in lung volume (ΔV L ) were assessed at nasal CPAP of 8, 6, 4, and 0 cm H 2 O using calibrated direct current-coupled respiratory inductance plethysmography. (aappublications.org)
Although a nasal cannula is able to recruit lung volume, it does so at the cost of increased respiratory effort and F io 2 . (aappublications.org)
Our main objective was to compare changes in lung volume (ΔV L ) and breathing pattern parameters with 3 nasal CPAP devices that are currently used clinically in premature infants. (aappublications.org)

Metabolic activity of normally aerated lung was positively correlated both with plateau pressure, showing a pronounced increase above 26 to 27 cm H(2)O, and with regional Vt normalized by end-expiratory lung gas volume. (docphin.com)
If the plateau pressure exceeded 25 cm H2O, tidal volume was decreased in increments of 1 mL/kg PBW per hour. (reviewsinem.com)

Conclusions During neonatal mask ventilation, distention of the upper respiratory tract contributes to the tidal volumes measured and should be taken into account when targeting tidal volumes during mask ventilation. (bmj.com)
Manual ventilation devices in neonatal resuscitation: tidal volume and positive pressure-provision. (semanticscholar.org)

Tidal scour can be determined by looking at the change in bathymetry over time. (wikipedia.org)
Bathymetry of tidal channels is determined using multi-beam sonar or LiDAR. (wikipedia.org)
By comparing cross-sections of channel bathymetry over several years and at various distances in the tidal channel, the amount of tidal scour can be quantified. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy16

Organisms4

Diseases27

Chemicals and Drugs10

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment77

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care8

Breathing responses to small inspiratory threshold loads in humans. (1/1287)

Capsaicin-sensitive C-fiber-mediated protective responses in ozone inhalation in rats. (2/1287)

Breathing patterns during slow and fast ramp exercise in man. (3/1287)

Vital capacity and tidal volume preoxygenation with a mouthpiece. (4/1287)

Compensatory alveolar growth normalizes gas-exchange function in immature dogs after pneumonectomy. (5/1287)

Expiratory time determined by individual anxiety levels in humans. (6/1287)

Evaluation of pulmonary resistance and maximal expiratory flow measurements during exercise in humans. (7/1287)

Dyspnoea, peripheral airway involvement and respiratory muscle effort in patients with type I diabetes mellitus under good metabolic control. (8/1287)

Tidal Volume

Respiration, Artificial

Respiratory Mechanics

Respiration

Ventilators, Mechanical

Positive-Pressure Respiration

Pulmonary Ventilation

Lung Compliance

Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury

Respiratory Dead Space

Lung Volume Measurements

Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult

Carbon Dioxide

Blood Volume

Air Pressure

Pulmonary Gas Exchange

Respiratory Rate

Airway Resistance

Hypercapnia

Inhalation

Barotrauma

Lung

Lung Injury

Work of Breathing

Respiratory Function Tests

Functional Residual Capacity

Blood Gas Analysis

Oxygen

Plethysmography

Plethysmography, Whole Body

Respiratory Muscles

Hyperventilation

Acute Lung Injury

Diaphragm

Pressure

Respiratory Physiological Phenomena

Partial Pressure

Intubation, Intratracheal

High-Frequency Ventilation

Respiratory Insufficiency

Capnography

Ventilator Weaning

Stroke Volume

Pulmonary Stretch Receptors

Thorax

Plasma Volume

Pulmonary Alveoli

Inspiratory Capacity

Apnea

Forced Expiratory Volume

Lung Diseases

Equipment Design

Spirometry

Vagotomy

Plethysmography, Impedance

Anesthesia

Exhalation

Time Factors

Pulmonary Edema

Hemodynamics

Anesthesia, General

Chemoreceptor Cells

Manikins

Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid

Total Lung Capacity

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

Oxygen Consumption

Erythrocyte Volume

Cardiac Output

Vital Capacity

Arrhythmia, Sinus

Aerosols

Pulmonary Surfactants

Anoxia

Phrenic Nerve

Thoracic Wall

Lung Diseases, Obstructive

Blood Volume Determination

Helium