Tibial fractures are broken bones in the tibia, the largest bone in the lower leg.
Fractures in which there is an external wound communicating with the break of the bone.
The physiological restoration of bone tissue and function after a fracture. It includes BONY CALLUS formation and normal replacement of bone tissue.
The use of nails that are inserted into bone cavities in order to keep fractured bones together.
Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.
The use of metallic devices inserted into or through bone to hold a fracture in a set position and alignment while it heals.
Breaks in bones.
External devices which hold wires or pins that are placed through one or both cortices of bone in order to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment. These devices allow easy access to wounds, adjustment during the course of healing, and more functional use of the limbs involved.
The use of internal devices (metal plates, nails, rods, etc.) to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment.
Fractures of the femur.
A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).
Rods of bone, metal, or other material used for fixation of the fragments or ends of fractured bones.
A bone fixation technique using an external fixator (FIXATORS, EXTERNAL) for lengthening limbs, correcting pseudarthroses and other deformities, and assisting the healing of otherwise hopeless traumatic or pathological fractures and infections, such as chronic osteomyelitis. The method was devised by the Russian orthopedic surgeon Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov (1921-1992). (From Bull Hosp Jt Dis 1992 Summer;52(1):1)
A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Broken bones in the vertebral column.
Implantable fracture fixation devices attached to bone fragments with screws to bridge the fracture gap and shield the fracture site from stress as bone heals. (UMDNS, 1999)
The bony deposit formed between and around the broken ends of BONE FRACTURES during normal healing.
Union of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty or abnormal position. If two bones parallel to one another unite by osseous tissue, the result is a crossunion. (From Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 4th ed)
Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.
Radius fractures are breaks in the radius bone of the forearm.
The shaft of long bones.
Fractures occurring as a result of disease of a bone or from some undiscoverable cause, and not due to trauma. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Invasion of the site of trauma by pathogenic microorganisms.
Fractures due to the strain caused by repetitive exercise. They are thought to arise from a combination of MUSCLE FATIGUE and bone failure, and occur in situations where BONE REMODELING predominates over repair. The most common sites of stress fractures are the METATARSUS; FIBULA; TIBIA; and FEMORAL NECK.
Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.
Fractures of the larger bone of the forearm.
Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE.
The removal of foreign material and devitalized or contaminated tissue from or adjacent to a traumatic or infected lesion until surrounding healthy tissue is exposed. (Dorland, 27th ed)
The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.
Specialized devices used in ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY to repair bone fractures.
The bone of the lower leg lateral to and smaller than the tibia. In proportion to its length, it is the most slender of the long bones.
Rib fractures are breaks in one or more of the 12 pairs of bones that make up the rib cage.
Fractures of the skull which may result from penetrating or nonpenetrating head injuries or rarely BONE DISEASES (see also FRACTURES, SPONTANEOUS). Skull fractures may be classified by location (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE, BASILAR), radiographic appearance (e.g., linear), or based upon cranial integrity (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE, DEPRESSED).
Tongues of skin and subcutaneous tissue, sometimes including muscle, cut away from the underlying parts but often still attached at one end. They retain their own microvasculature which is also transferred to the new site. They are often used in plastic surgery for filling a defect in a neighboring region.
Dressings made of fiberglass, plastic, or bandage impregnated with plaster of paris used for immobilization of various parts of the body in cases of fractures, dislocations, and infected wounds. In comparison with plaster casts, casts made of fiberglass or plastic are lightweight, radiolucent, able to withstand moisture, and less rigid.
Fractures of the lower jaw.
Systems for assessing, classifying, and coding injuries. These systems are used in medical records, surveillance systems, and state and national registries to aid in the collection and reporting of trauma.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Classification system for assessing impact injury severity developed and published by the American Association for Automotive Medicine. It is the system of choice for coding single injuries and is the foundation for methods assessing multiple injuries or for assessing cumulative effects of more than one injury. These include Maximum AIS (MAIS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and Probability of Death Score (PODS).
Devices which are used in the treatment of orthopedic injuries and diseases.
An anatomic severity scale based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and developed specifically to score multiple traumatic injuries. It has been used as a predictor of mortality.
Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.
Rapid swelling, increased tension, pain, and ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior tibial compartment of the leg, often following excessive PHYSICAL EXERTION.
Procedures that avoid use of open, invasive surgery in favor of closed or local surgery. These generally involve use of laparoscopic devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or similar device.
Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone and bone marrow, typically caused by bacteria or fungi.
The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site.
Crumbling or smashing of cancellous BONE by forces acting parallel to the long axis of bone. It is applied particularly to vertebral body fractures (SPINAL FRACTURES). (Blauvelt and Nelson, A Manual of Orthopedic Terminology, 1994, p4)
Fractures of the articular surface of a bone.
Layers of connective tissue of variable thickness. The superficial fascia is found immediately below the skin; the deep fascia invests MUSCLES, nerves, and other organs.
The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
The removal of a limb or other appendage or outgrowth of the body. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.
Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Fractures of the bones in the orbit, which include parts of the frontal, ethmoidal, lacrimal, and sphenoid bones and the maxilla and zygoma.
Fracture of the lower end of the radius in which the lower fragment is displaced posteriorly.
The duration of a surgical procedure in hours and minutes.
Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.
Accidents on streets, roads, and highways involving drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or vehicles. Traffic accidents refer to AUTOMOBILES (passenger cars, buses, and trucks), BICYCLING, and MOTORCYCLES but not OFF-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES; RAILROADS nor snowmobiles.
The physical state of supporting an applied load. This often refers to the weight-bearing bones or joints that support the body's weight, especially those in the spine, hip, knee, and foot.
A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.
A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.
Fractures around joint replacement prosthetics or implants. They can occur intraoperatively or postoperatively.
The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Injuries to the wrist or the wrist joint.
Steel wires, often threaded through the skin, soft tissues, and bone, used to fix broken bones. Kirschner wires or apparatus also includes the application of traction to the healing bones through the wires.
Fractures of the upper jaw.

Fractures of the tibia. Can their outcome be predicted? (1/693)

We have carried out a prospective study to determine whether the basic descriptive criteria and classifications of diaphyseal fractures of the tibia determine prognosis, as is widely believed. A number of systems which are readily available were used, with outcome being determined by standard measurements including fracture union, the need for secondary surgery and the incidence of infection. Many validated functional outcomes were also used. The Tscherne classification of closed fractures proved to be slightly more predictive of outcome than the others, but our findings indicate that such systems have little predictive value.  (+info)

Treatment of tibial bone defects with the Ilizarov circular external fixator in high-velocity gunshot wounds. (2/693)

One of the applications for circular external fixators is the treatment of large-bone defects which may be difficult to manage with conventional methods. Successful results have been reported with the use of circular external fixators, particularly in the treatment of infected tibial pseudoarthroses and those with bone loss. In this study, a total of 43 cases with tibial bone defects (18 infected) as a result of high-velocity gun-shot injuries were treated with circular external fixators between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 1995. The mean follow-up period was 50 months (range: 28-98 months) after the removal of the Ilizarov device. Satisfactory union was obtained in 40 cases without any major complication or additional surgical intervention, in spite of the large and in some cases infected defects. We conclude that this is a safe method for the treatment of infected or noninfected tibial bone defects.  (+info)

Case report. Post-traumatic tibial recurvatum: resolution with growth. (3/693)

The outcome of proximal tibial fractures in children is often complicated by the development of malalignment. Progressive valgus deformity is frequently seen, but is known to correct spontaneously in a high proportion of cases; however, recurvatum of the tibia usually requires surgical intervention. We present a child with a proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture who developed increasing tibial recurvatum which corrected spontaneously.  (+info)

Percutaneous autologous bone marrow grafting on the site of tibial delayed union. (4/693)

Six months after injury, 150 mL of autogenous bone marrow was applied percutaneously at the site of delayed union to stimulate the healing of a tibial delayed union fracture in a 44 year-old man. Five months following the procedure, the fracture gaps and bone defects were completely filled with callus, the external fixator was removed, and the patient started using normal leg loading.  (+info)

Enhancement of osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo by a novel osteoblast differentiation promoting compound, TAK-778. (5/693)

TAK-778 [(2R,4S)-(-)-N-(4-diethoxyphosphorylmethylphenyl)-1,2,4, 5-tetrahydro-4-methyl-7, 8-methylenedioxy-5-oxo-3-benzothiepin-2-carboxyamide; mw 505.53], a novel osteoblast differentiation promoting compound, was characterized in vitro and in vivo models. TAK-778 at doses of 10(-6) M and higher promoted potently bone-like nodule formation in the presence of dexamethasone in rat bone marrow stromal cell culture. This was accompanied by increases in cellular alkaline phosphatase activity, soluble collagen release, and osteocalcin secretion. Under the culture conditions, TAK-778 also stimulated the secretion of transforming growth factor-beta and insulin-like growth factor-I, indicating that TAK-778 may exert regulatory effects on osteoblast differentiation via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. Furthermore, the in vivo osteogenic potential of TAK-778 was studied in bony defect and osteotomy animal models, using sustained release microcapsules consisted of a biodegradable polymer, poly (dl-lactic/glycolic) acid (PLGA). Single local injection of TAK-778/PLGA-microcapsules (PLGA-MC) (0.2-5 mg/site) to rat skull defects resulted in a dose-dependent increase in new bone area within the defects after 4 weeks. When the pellet containing TAK-778/PLGA-MC (4 mg/pellet) was packed into place to fill the tibial segmental defect in rabbit, this pellet induced osseous union within 2 months, whereas the placebo pellet did not. In addition, single local application of TAK-778/PLGA-MC (10 mg/site) to rabbit tibial osteotomy site enhanced callus formation accompanied by an increase in breaking force after 30 days. These results reveal for the first time that a nonendogenous chemical compound promotes potently osteogenesis in vitro and enhances new bone formation during skeletal regeneration and bone repair in vivo and should be useful for the stimulation of fracture healing.  (+info)

Nonunion of tibial stress fractures in patients with deformed arthritic knees. Treatment using modular total knee arthroplasty. (6/693)

In two years we treated four women with ununited stress fractures of their proximal tibial diaphyses. They all had arthritis and valgus deformity. The stress fractures had been treated elsewhere by non-operative means in three patients and by open reduction and internal fixation in one, but had failed to unite. After treatment with a modular total knee prosthesis with a long tibial stem extension, all the fractures united. A modular total knee prosthesis is suitable for the rare and difficult problem of ununited tibial stress fractures in patients with deformed arthritic knees since it corrects the deformity and the adverse biomechanics at the fracture site, stabilises the fracture and treats the arthritis.  (+info)

Correction of genu recurvatum by the Ilizarov method. (7/693)

The Ilizarov apparatus was used to carry out opening-wedge callotasis of the proximal tibia in ten patients who had suffered premature asymmetrical closure of the proximal tibial physis and subsequent genu recurvatum. In four knees, the genu recurvatum was entirely due to osseous deformity, whereas in six it was associated with capsuloligamentous abnormality. Preoperatively, the angle of recurvatum averaged 19.6 degrees (15 to 26), the angle of tilt of the tibial plateau, 76.6 degrees (62 to 90), and the ipsilateral limb shortening, 2.7 cm (0.5 to 8.7). The average time for correction was 49 days (23 to 85). The average duration of external fixation was 150 days (88 to 210). Three patients suffered complications including patella infera, pin-track infection and transient peroneal nerve palsy. At a mean follow-up of 4.4 years, all patients, except one, had achieved an excellent or good radiological and functional outcome.  (+info)

Transcranial doppler detection of fat emboli. (8/693)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The fat embolism syndrome (FES) is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of pulmonary and neurological symptoms as well as skin and mucosal petechiae in the setting of long-bone fractures or their surgical repair. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood, and effective treatments are lacking. We present 5 patients with long-bone fractures in whom in vivo microembolism was detected by transcranial Doppler. METHODS: Five patients with long-bone fractures were monitored with transcranial Doppler for microembolic signals (MESs) after trauma. Two patients also had intraoperative monitoring. A TC-2020 instrument equipped with MES detection software was used. Detected signals were saved for subsequent review. Selected signals satisfied criteria defined previously and were categorized as large or small. RESULTS: Cerebral microembolism was detected in all 5 patients and was transient, resolving within 4 days of injury. Intraoperative monitoring revealed an increase in MESs during intramedullary nail insertion. The characteristics of MESs after injury varied among patients, with large signals being more frequent in the only patient with a patent foramen ovale. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral microembolism after long-bone fractures can be detected in vivo and monitored over time. These findings may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.  (+info)

Tibial fractures are breaks or fractures in the tibia, which is the larger of the two bones in the lower leg. The tibia is located between the knee and ankle and is responsible for supporting the weight of the body. Tibial fractures can occur as a result of trauma, such as a fall or a car accident, or as a complication of osteoporosis or other bone diseases. Symptoms of a tibial fracture may include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty bearing weight on the affected leg. Treatment for tibial fractures may include immobilization with a cast or brace, surgery to repair the fracture, and physical therapy to help the bone heal and regain strength.

In the medical field, "Fractures, Open" refers to a type of bone fracture where the broken bone pierces through the skin and soft tissues, creating an open wound. This type of fracture is also known as an "open fracture" or a "compound fracture." Open fractures are more serious than closed fractures (also known as simple fractures) because they are at a higher risk of infection and have a longer healing time. The broken bone can damage the surrounding tissues, including nerves, blood vessels, and muscles, which can lead to complications such as nerve damage, blood loss, and infection. Treatment for open fractures typically involves cleaning and debriding the wound to remove any debris or foreign objects, followed by stabilization of the bone with a cast or surgery. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to prevent infection. In severe cases, amputation may be necessary to prevent the spread of infection or to save the patient's life.

In the medical field, "Fractures, Closed" refers to a type of bone injury where the bone is broken but the skin remains intact and there is no open wound or bleeding. This type of fracture is also known as a "closed fracture" or a "simple fracture." Closed fractures can be caused by a variety of factors, including falls, accidents, sports injuries, and even some medical conditions such as osteoporosis. Symptoms of a closed fracture may include pain, swelling, tenderness, and difficulty moving the affected area. Treatment for closed fractures typically involves immobilizing the affected bone with a cast or brace to allow it to heal properly. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to realign the broken bone and ensure proper healing. It is important to seek medical attention for a suspected closed fracture to prevent complications and ensure proper treatment.

Fractures, bone refer to a break or crack in a bone that occurs due to trauma or injury. Fractures can be classified based on their severity, location, and type. There are several types of bone fractures, including: 1. Simple fractures: These are clean breaks in the bone with no displacement of the broken ends. 2. Compound fractures: These are breaks in the bone that involve the skin and/or soft tissues surrounding the bone. 3. Comminuted fractures: These are fractures in which the bone is broken into multiple pieces. 4. Stress fractures: These are small cracks in the bone that occur due to repetitive stress or overuse. 5. Open fractures: These are fractures in which the broken bone pierces through the skin. 6. Closed fractures: These are fractures in which the broken bone is contained within the skin. The treatment for bone fractures depends on the severity and location of the fracture, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), casting, surgery, or physical therapy.

Femoral fractures are breaks or fractures that occur in the femur, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. The femur is located in the thigh and is responsible for supporting the weight of the body and facilitating movement of the lower limbs. Femoral fractures can occur as a result of a direct blow to the thigh, a fall from a height, or a severe impact during a motor vehicle accident. They can also occur as a complication of osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more susceptible to fractures. Femoral fractures can be classified based on their location, severity, and the presence of any associated injuries. Some common types of femoral fractures include: 1. Intertrochanteric fractures: These occur in the region between the greater and lesser trochanters, which are bony projections on the femur. 2. Subtrochanteric fractures: These occur below the greater trochanter and are often associated with a high risk of complications. 3. Femoral neck fractures: These occur at the junction between the shaft and the neck of the femur and are often associated with a high risk of complications, including nonunion and avascular necrosis. 4. Shaft fractures: These occur in the middle of the femur and can be caused by a direct blow or a fall from a height. Femoral fractures can be treated with a variety of methods, including surgery, casting, and physical therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the fracture, the patient's overall health, and the presence of any associated injuries. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to realign the bones and stabilize the fracture, while in other cases, casting or physical therapy may be sufficient for proper healing.

In the medical field, "Fractures, Ununited" refers to a condition where a bone that has been broken has not healed properly, resulting in the two broken ends of the bone remaining separated. This can occur due to a variety of factors, including inadequate treatment, poor bone quality, or underlying medical conditions that affect the healing process. Ununited fractures can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility in the affected area. In some cases, they can also lead to complications such as infection, deformity, and chronic pain. Treatment options for ununited fractures may include surgery to realign and stabilize the bone, physical therapy to improve range of motion and strength, and pain management to alleviate discomfort. The specific treatment approach will depend on the severity and location of the fracture, as well as the overall health of the patient.

A hip fracture is a type of bone fracture that occurs in the hip joint, which is the ball-and-socket joint where the femur (thigh bone) meets the pelvis. Hip fractures are typically caused by a fall or other type of trauma, and they are most common in older adults, particularly those who are osteoporotic or have other conditions that weaken the bones. There are two main types of hip fractures: intracapsular fractures and extracapsular fractures. Intracapsular fractures occur within the joint capsule, while extracapsular fractures occur outside of the joint capsule. Both types of fractures can be very serious and can lead to complications such as infection, blood clots, and difficulty walking. Treatment for hip fractures typically involves surgery to repair the fracture and stabilize the joint. In some cases, nonsurgical treatment may be appropriate, particularly for older adults who are not good candidates for surgery. After treatment, physical therapy is often recommended to help patients regain strength and mobility in the affected leg.

In the medical field, "bone nails" typically refer to a type of internal fixation device used in orthopedic surgery to stabilize fractures or other injuries to long bones. Bone nails are typically made of metal and are inserted into the bone through a small incision, where they are used to hold the broken bone fragments in place while they heal. There are several types of bone nails, including intramedullary nails, which are inserted into the center of the bone, and external fixators, which are attached to the bone on the outside. Bone nails are commonly used to treat fractures of the femur, tibia, and humerus, as well as other long bones in the body. The use of bone nails can help to reduce the risk of complications associated with open fractures, such as infection, and can also help to speed up the healing process. However, as with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with the use of bone nails, and patients should discuss these with their healthcare provider before undergoing the procedure.

In the medical field, "fractures, comminuted" refers to a type of bone fracture where the bone is broken into multiple pieces or fragments. This type of fracture is often caused by a severe impact or force, such as a fall from a great height or a car accident. Comminuted fractures can be more difficult to treat than other types of fractures because the bone fragments are often misaligned or displaced, making it harder to set the bone properly. In addition, comminuted fractures may take longer to heal and may be more prone to complications such as infection or nonunion (where the bone fails to heal properly). Treatment for comminuted fractures typically involves surgery to realign and stabilize the bone fragments using plates, screws, or other hardware. Physical therapy may also be necessary to help the patient regain strength and mobility in the affected area.

Spinal fractures refer to a break or crack in one or more of the bones that make up the spine, also known as vertebrae. These fractures can occur in the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions of the spine and can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, degenerative conditions, and tumors. Spinal fractures can be classified into several types, including compression fractures, burst fractures, andChance fractures. Compression fractures occur when the vertebrae are compressed, causing the bone to collapse. Burst fractures occur when the vertebrae are crushed, resulting in a "burst" or "explosion" of the bone. Chance fractures occur when the vertebrae are twisted or bent, causing a crack or fracture to occur. Spinal fractures can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, numbness, weakness, and difficulty moving. In severe cases, spinal fractures can lead to paralysis or even death if the spinal cord is damaged. Treatment for spinal fractures depends on the severity of the injury and may include rest, physical therapy, pain management, and surgery.

In the medical field, bone plates are surgical implants used to stabilize and repair fractures or other injuries to bones. They are typically made of metal, such as titanium or stainless steel, and are designed to fit precisely onto the bone to provide support and promote healing. Bone plates are usually secured to the bone using screws, pins, or other types of fixation devices. They can be used to treat a wide range of bone injuries, including fractures, dislocations, and osteotomies (surgical cuts made in bones to realign them). The use of bone plates has revolutionized the treatment of bone injuries, allowing for faster and more accurate healing, and reducing the risk of complications such as nonunion (failure of the bone to heal) or malunion (healing of the bone in the wrong position).

A bony callus is a hard, dense mass of bone tissue that forms on the surface of a bone in response to injury or healing. It is a natural process that occurs when the bone is broken or damaged, and new bone tissue is laid down to repair the injury. The bony callus helps to stabilize the bone and prevent further damage, and it eventually fades away as the bone heals completely. Bony calluses can also form on the ends of long bones, such as the femur or tibia, in response to repetitive stress or overuse. They are typically asymptomatic and do not require treatment unless they cause pain or interfere with normal function.

In the medical field, "Fractures, Malunited" refers to a type of bone injury where a bone has been broken and has not healed properly, resulting in an incorrect alignment or position of the bone fragments. This can occur when the bone fails to heal in the correct position due to various factors such as improper immobilization, lack of blood supply to the bone, or underlying medical conditions. Malunited fractures can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility in the affected area. They can also lead to long-term complications such as arthritis, joint stiffness, and reduced function. Treatment options for malunited fractures may include surgery to realign the bone fragments and stabilize the area, physical therapy to improve range of motion and strength, and pain management to alleviate discomfort.

Osteoporotic fractures refer to bone fractures that occur as a result of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by low bone density and increased bone fragility. Osteoporosis is a common condition, particularly in older adults, and can lead to an increased risk of fractures, particularly in the spine, hip, and wrist. Osteoporotic fractures can be caused by a variety of factors, including falls, trauma, and normal daily activities. They can be debilitating and can significantly impact a person's quality of life. Treatment for osteoporotic fractures may include medications to increase bone density, physical therapy, and surgery, depending on the severity and location of the fracture.

Radius fractures are a type of bone fracture that occurs in the radius bone, which is one of the two bones in the forearm. The radius bone is located on the lateral (thumb) side of the forearm and extends from the elbow to the wrist. Radius fractures can occur as a result of a direct blow to the forearm, a fall onto an outstretched hand, or a twisting injury. The severity of the fracture can vary, ranging from a simple crack in the bone to a complete break that involves the joint. Treatment for radius fractures depends on the severity of the injury. Simple fractures may be treated with a cast or splint, while more complex fractures may require surgery to repair the bone. In some cases, physical therapy may be necessary to help the affected arm regain strength and range of motion. Overall, radius fractures are a common injury that can have a significant impact on a person's ability to perform daily activities. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for a successful recovery.

In the medical field, "Fractures, Spontaneous" refers to a type of bone fracture that occurs without any external force or trauma. These fractures are also known as spontaneous or stress fractures and are typically caused by repetitive stress or overuse on a particular bone. Spontaneous fractures are more common in older adults, especially those with osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more susceptible to fractures. Other risk factors for spontaneous fractures include prolonged bed rest, certain medications, and medical conditions such as hyperparathyroidism or Paget's disease. Symptoms of spontaneous fractures may include pain, swelling, tenderness, and difficulty moving the affected area. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. Treatment for spontaneous fractures depends on the severity of the fracture and the underlying cause. In some cases, rest and immobilization may be sufficient for the bone to heal on its own. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the fracture and stabilize the bone.

A wound infection is an infection that occurs in a cut, scrape, or surgical incision. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other microorganisms that enter the body through the wound. Symptoms of a wound infection may include redness, swelling, warmth, pain, pus, and a foul odor. If left untreated, a wound infection can lead to serious complications, such as sepsis, which is a life-threatening condition that can cause organ failure and even death. Treatment for a wound infection typically involves antibiotics, wound cleaning and dressing changes, and in some cases, surgery. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have a wound infection to prevent further complications.

In the medical field, "Fractures, Stress" refers to a type of injury that occurs when the bone is subjected to excessive stress beyond its ability to withstand it, resulting in microcracks or tiny fractures in the bone. These microcracks can occur without any apparent trauma or injury, and are often referred to as stress fractures. Stress fractures are common in athletes and people who engage in repetitive or high-impact activities, such as long-distance running or weightlifting. They can also occur in people who have weakened bones due to age, osteoporosis, or other medical conditions. Symptoms of stress fractures may include pain and tenderness in the affected area, swelling, and difficulty with weight-bearing activities. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical imaging (such as X-rays or bone scans), and a thorough medical history. Treatment for stress fractures typically involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) to reduce pain and inflammation. In some cases, a cast or brace may be necessary to immobilize the affected area. More severe cases may require surgery to repair the fracture. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you may have a stress fracture, as untreated stress fractures can lead to more serious complications.

Femoral neck fractures are a type of bone fracture that occurs in the upper part of the femur, or thigh bone, near the hip joint. The femoral neck is a curved, narrow section of bone that connects the shaft of the femur to the ball-shaped head of the femur, which fits into the hip socket. Femoral neck fractures are typically caused by a fall or a direct blow to the hip, and they are more common in older adults, especially women, due to the thinning and weakening of bone that occurs with age. Femoral neck fractures can be classified into several types based on their location and severity, including simple fractures, comminuted fractures, and displaced fractures. Treatment options for femoral neck fractures may include non-surgical management, such as bed rest and pain medication, or surgical intervention, such as internal fixation with screws or pins, or replacement of the femoral neck with a prosthetic device. The choice of treatment depends on the age and overall health of the patient, as well as the type and severity of the fracture.

Ulna fractures are breaks or fractures in the ulna bone, which is one of the two bones in the forearm. The ulna is located on the side of the forearm, next to the radius bone. Ulna fractures can occur as a result of a direct blow to the forearm, a fall onto an outstretched hand, or a twisting injury to the forearm. Ulna fractures can be classified based on their location and severity. Simple ulna fractures involve a single break in the bone, while complex ulna fractures involve multiple breaks or a displacement of the broken bone. Ulna fractures can also be classified as transverse, oblique, or spiral, depending on the direction of the fracture line. Treatment for ulna fractures depends on the severity of the fracture and the patient's overall health. Simple ulna fractures may be treated with a cast or splint, while more complex fractures may require surgery to realign and stabilize the bone. Physical therapy may also be recommended to help the patient regain strength and range of motion in the affected arm.

Compartment syndrome is a medical condition that occurs when there is increased pressure within a closed space, or compartment, within the body. This pressure can cause damage to the nerves, blood vessels, and muscles within the compartment, leading to a range of symptoms and complications. There are several types of compartment syndrome, including: 1. Acute compartment syndrome: This type of compartment syndrome occurs suddenly, often as a result of trauma or surgery. It can cause severe pain, swelling, and muscle weakness, and if left untreated, can lead to permanent damage or loss of function. 2. Chronic compartment syndrome: This type of compartment syndrome occurs gradually over time, often as a result of repetitive strain or injury. It can cause ongoing pain, swelling, and muscle weakness, and can be difficult to diagnose and treat. 3. Neurogenic compartment syndrome: This type of compartment syndrome occurs when there is increased pressure within a compartment that contains nerves. It can cause numbness, tingling, and weakness in the affected area, and can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, surgery, or underlying medical conditions. Compartment syndrome can be a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Treatment typically involves relieving the pressure within the affected compartment, either through surgery or other medical interventions.,。

Debridement is a medical procedure that involves the removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue from a wound or surgical site. This can be done using various techniques, such as surgical incision, irrigation with saline or other solutions, or the use of specialized tools or enzymes. The goal of debridement is to remove any material that may be hindering the healing process or increasing the risk of infection. By removing this debris, the body can better respond to the injury and promote the growth of healthy tissue. Debridement is often performed in a hospital or clinic setting by a healthcare professional, such as a doctor, nurse, or wound care specialist. It may be used in a variety of medical situations, including the treatment of burns, ulcers, surgical wounds, and infections.

In the medical field, bone screws are a type of orthopedic implant used to stabilize and secure bones during surgery. They are typically made of metal and are designed to be inserted into the bone to provide support and hold the bone in place while it heals. Bone screws are commonly used in orthopedic procedures such as fracture repair, joint replacement, and spinal surgery. They are usually inserted using a specialized surgical tool, and may be secured with a plate or other type of fixation device to provide additional stability. There are many different types of bone screws, including cortical screws, cancellous screws, and pedicle screws, which are used in different parts of the body and for different types of procedures. The specific type of bone screw used will depend on the location and severity of the injury or condition being treated, as well as the surgeon's preference and experience.

Rib fractures are breaks or cracks in one or more of the 12 pairs of ribs that make up the rib cage. They can occur as a result of direct trauma, such as a car accident or a fall, or from indirect trauma, such as a sports injury or a coughing fit. Rib fractures can be classified as either stable or unstable. Stable fractures involve only a crack in the bone, while unstable fractures involve a complete break or displacement of the bone. Stable fractures typically heal on their own within a few weeks to a few months, while unstable fractures may require medical intervention, such as surgery or casting, to promote healing and prevent complications. Symptoms of rib fractures may include pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty breathing, and a limited ability to move the affected area. Treatment for rib fractures may involve pain management, rest, and physical therapy to promote healing and prevent complications such as pneumonia or deep vein thrombosis. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or stabilize the fracture.

Skull fractures are breaks or cracks in the bones of the skull. They can occur as a result of a blow to the head, such as in a car accident or sports injury, or from a fall or other type of trauma. Skull fractures can be classified as either linear or depressed. Linear fractures are cracks in the skull that do not cause the bone to or collapse. Depressed fractures, on the other hand, cause the bone to or collapse, potentially causing damage to the brain or other structures within the skull. Skull fractures can be treated with surgery or conservative measures, depending on the severity of the injury and the location of the fracture.

In the medical field, "Casts, Surgical" refers to a type of medical device used to immobilize and support a broken or injured bone or joint. Surgical casts are typically made of a plaster-like material and are applied by a healthcare professional in a hospital or clinic setting. They are designed to provide stability and protection to the affected area while the bone heals. Surgical casts may also be used to hold organs in place during surgery or to provide support for soft tissues. They are typically removed by a healthcare professional once the bone has healed.

Mandibular fractures refer to breaks or cracks in the mandible, which is the lower jawbone. These fractures can occur as a result of trauma, such as a blow to the face, or as a complication of other medical conditions, such as osteoporosis or cancer. Mandibular fractures can be classified based on their location, the number of fractures, and the displacement of the broken pieces. Some common types of mandibular fractures include: 1. Condylar fracture: This type of fracture involves the condyle, which is the rounded end of the mandible that articulates with the temporal bone of the skull. 2. Fracture of the angle of the mandible: This type of fracture involves the area where the ramus (the vertical part of the mandible) meets the body (the horizontal part). 3. Fracture of the body of the mandible: This type of fracture involves the central part of the mandible. 4. Fracture of the symphysis: This type of fracture involves the joint that connects the two halves of the mandible. Mandibular fractures can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, swelling, difficulty speaking or chewing, and difficulty opening or closing the mouth. Treatment for mandibular fractures may involve conservative measures, such as the use of a splint or a mouthguard, or surgical intervention, such as the use of plates and screws to stabilize the broken pieces.

The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) is a standardized system used to assess the severity of injuries sustained by individuals in accidents or trauma. It was developed in the 1970s by a group of researchers led by Frank B. Mosteller and is widely used in emergency medicine, trauma care, and insurance industries. The AIS system assigns a numerical value (ranging from 1 to 6) to each body region based on the severity of the injury. The body regions include the head and neck, face, chest, abdomen, pelvis, upper extremities, and lower extremities. The numerical value represents the severity of the injury, with 1 indicating a minor injury and 6 indicating a critical or fatal injury. The AIS system is used to calculate an Injury Severity Score (ISS), which is a measure of the overall severity of an individual's injuries. The ISS is calculated by adding the AIS values for the three most severely injured body regions. The ISS is a widely used tool for assessing the severity of trauma and for comparing the outcomes of different trauma patients. Overall, the AIS system provides a standardized and objective way to assess the severity of injuries, which is important for medical decision-making, research, and insurance purposes.

Tooth fractures refer to the partial or complete breakage of the hard outer layer of a tooth, known as the enamel. Tooth fractures can occur as a result of trauma, such as a blow to the face, or from excessive force applied to the tooth during biting or chewing. There are several types of tooth fractures, including: 1. Fractures of the enamel: These occur when the outer layer of the tooth is broken, but the underlying dentin and pulp are not affected. 2. Fractures of the dentin: These occur when the dentin, the layer of tooth beneath the enamel, is broken. 3. Fractures of the pulp: These occur when the innermost layer of the tooth, the pulp, is damaged. 4. Complete tooth fractures: These occur when the entire tooth is broken into two or more pieces. Tooth fractures can cause pain, sensitivity, and difficulty chewing or speaking. Treatment options depend on the severity of the fracture and may include filling the tooth, root canal therapy, or extraction and replacement with a dental implant or bridge.

Anterior Compartment Syndrome (ACS) is a medical condition that occurs when there is increased pressure within the muscles and connective tissues of the anterior compartment of the lower leg. This pressure can cause damage to the nerves, blood vessels, and muscles in the affected area, leading to a range of symptoms and complications. The anterior compartment of the lower leg includes the tibialis anterior muscle, extensor hallucis longus muscle, extensor digitorum longus muscle, and fibularis longus muscle. When these muscles become inflamed or injured, they can cause an increase in pressure within the compartment, leading to ACS. Symptoms of ACS may include pain, swelling, numbness, tingling, and difficulty moving the affected foot and ankle. If left untreated, ACS can lead to permanent damage to the nerves and muscles in the affected area, as well as the development of compartment syndrome, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Treatment for ACS typically involves the use of medications to reduce inflammation and pain, as well as physical therapy to help restore strength and mobility to the affected muscles. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve the pressure within the compartment and prevent further damage.

Osteomyelitis is a type of bone infection that occurs when bacteria enter the bone and cause inflammation and damage to the bone tissue. It can affect any bone in the body, but it is most commonly seen in the long bones of the arms and legs, as well as in the spine and pelvis. Osteomyelitis can be acute or chronic, and it can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial infections, fungal infections, and viral infections. It can also be caused by traumatic injuries, such as fractures or punctures, or by medical procedures, such as surgery or the insertion of a catheter. Symptoms of osteomyelitis may include fever, chills, fatigue, and pain in the affected bone. In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all until the infection has progressed significantly. Treatment for osteomyelitis typically involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or to drain abscesses. Physical therapy may also be recommended to help restore strength and mobility to the affected bone.

Bone transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a piece of healthy bone is taken from one part of the body and transplanted to another part of the body where there is a deficiency or damage to the bone. The transplanted bone can be used to replace a missing bone, to repair a broken bone, or to stabilize a bone that is at risk of breaking. There are several types of bone transplantation, including autografts, allografts, and synthetic bone grafts. Autografts involve taking bone from one part of the body and transplanting it to another part of the body. Allografts involve taking bone from a donor and transplanting it to the recipient. Synthetic bone grafts are made from materials such as ceramics or polymers and are used when there is not enough healthy bone available for transplantation. Bone transplantation is typically performed under general anesthesia and may require a hospital stay for several days. After the procedure, the transplanted bone will need time to heal and integrate with the surrounding tissue. Physical therapy may be recommended to help the patient regain strength and mobility in the affected area.

In the medical field, "Fractures, Compression" refers to a type of bone fracture where the bone is compressed or crushed, typically as a result of a strong force applied to the bone. This type of fracture is also known as a "compression fracture" or a "compression-type fracture." Compression fractures are most commonly seen in the spine, particularly in the vertebrae of the lumbar region (lower back). They can occur as a result of osteoporosis, which weakens the bones and makes them more susceptible to fractures, or as a result of trauma, such as a sudden impact or a fall. Symptoms of a compression fracture may include back pain, stiffness, and difficulty standing or walking. In some cases, the fracture may cause a loss of height or a deformity in the spine. Treatment for compression fractures may include rest, pain management, and physical therapy. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the fracture or stabilize the spine.

Intra-articular fractures are fractures that occur within a joint, typically involving the articular surface of one or more bones. These fractures can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, osteoporosis, and certain medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Intra-articular fractures can be classified based on the location of the fracture within the joint. For example, a fracture that occurs on the articular surface of the femur is called a femoral neck fracture, while a fracture that occurs on the articular surface of the tibia is called a tibial plateau fracture. Intra-articular fractures can be treated with a variety of methods, depending on the severity of the fracture and the location of the joint involved. Treatment options may include conservative methods such as immobilization and physical therapy, or surgical methods such as open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or arthroscopic surgery. The goal of treatment is to restore the function of the joint and prevent complications such as arthritis and joint stiffness.

Postoperative complications are adverse events that occur after a surgical procedure. They can range from minor issues, such as bruising or discomfort, to more serious problems, such as infection, bleeding, or organ damage. Postoperative complications can occur for a variety of reasons, including surgical errors, anesthesia errors, infections, allergic reactions to medications, and underlying medical conditions. They can also be caused by factors such as poor nutrition, dehydration, and smoking. Postoperative complications can have serious consequences for patients, including prolonged hospital stays, additional surgeries, and even death. Therefore, it is important for healthcare providers to take steps to prevent postoperative complications and to promptly recognize and treat them if they do occur.

Amputation is a surgical procedure in which a body part, such as a limb, toe, finger, or digit, is removed completely or partially. This is typically done to remove a diseased or damaged body part that cannot be repaired or that is causing significant pain or other health problems. Amputations can be performed for a variety of reasons, including: - Trauma: Injuries from accidents or violence can cause severe damage to a limb that requires amputation to save the patient's life or prevent further harm. - Cancer: Tumors or other types of cancer can spread to a limb and cause it to become infected or unable to function properly. In these cases, amputation may be necessary to remove the cancerous tissue and prevent it from spreading further. - Nerve damage: In some cases, nerve damage can cause a limb to become paralyzed or lose sensation. In these cases, amputation may be necessary to prevent further damage or to improve the patient's quality of life. - Congenital defects: Some people are born with birth defects that affect their limbs or digits. In these cases, amputation may be necessary to improve the patient's mobility or to prevent further complications. Amputations can be performed using a variety of techniques, including open surgery, endoscopic surgery, and robotic surgery. The type of procedure used will depend on the location and severity of the amputation, as well as the patient's overall health and medical history. After the procedure, the patient will typically need to undergo physical therapy to help them regain strength and mobility in their remaining limbs.

Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by a decrease in bone density and strength, making bones more fragile and prone to fractures. It is a common condition, particularly in older adults, and can affect both men and women. In osteoporosis, the bones become porous and brittle, which can lead to fractures even with minor trauma or falls. The most common sites for osteoporosis-related fractures are the spine, hip, and wrist. Osteoporosis is often diagnosed through a bone density test, which measures the amount of bone mineral density in the hip and spine. Risk factors for osteoporosis include age, gender, family history, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain medical conditions such as thyroid disease or rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment for osteoporosis typically involves medications to increase bone density and reduce the risk of fractures, as well as lifestyle changes such as regular exercise and a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D.

Surgical wound infection is an infection that occurs in the surgical site after a surgical procedure. It is caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi that enter the body through the incision or other surgical opening. The infection can cause redness, swelling, pain, warmth, and pus or drainage from the wound. In severe cases, it can lead to fever, chills, and sepsis, which is a life-threatening condition. Surgical wound infections can be prevented by following proper surgical techniques, using antibiotics when necessary, and keeping the wound clean and dry. If a surgical wound infection does occur, it is important to seek medical attention promptly to prevent complications and ensure proper treatment.

Orbital fractures are injuries to the bones of the eye socket, also known as the orbit. These fractures can occur as a result of trauma, such as a blow to the face, and can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the eye. There are several types of orbital fractures, including: 1. Blowout fractures: These occur when the bone of the orbit is pushed inwards, causing the eye to sink into the socket. 2. Comminuted fractures: These occur when the bone is broken into multiple pieces. 3. Zygomatic fractures: These occur when the cheekbone is broken. 4. Nasal fractures: These occur when the nose is broken and the bone enters the orbit. Orbital fractures can cause serious complications if not treated properly, including vision loss, double vision, and damage to the nerves that control eye movement. Treatment may involve surgery to repair the fracture and realign the bones, as well as medications to manage pain and swelling.

A Colles' fracture is a type of broken bone in the wrist that occurs when the hand is bent back and the wrist is forced to bend forward. It is named after the Swiss physician Friedrich Colles, who first described the injury in 1814. The fracture typically involves the distal radius, which is the larger bone on the thumb side of the wrist, and may also involve the surrounding ligaments and tendons. It is a common injury, particularly in older adults, and can result in pain, swelling, and limited mobility of the wrist and hand. Treatment typically involves immobilization of the wrist with a cast or brace, and may also include physical therapy to help restore strength and range of motion. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the fracture and restore proper alignment of the wrist.

In the medical field, "Accidents, Traffic" typically refers to injuries or illnesses that result from being involved in a motor vehicle accident. These injuries can range from minor cuts and bruises to more serious injuries such as broken bones, head trauma, and spinal cord injuries. Traffic accidents can also result in fatalities, which are considered a type of sudden unexpected death (SUD). Medical professionals who treat patients injured in traffic accidents may include emergency room doctors, trauma surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, and rehabilitation specialists. In addition to providing medical treatment, these professionals may also work with insurance companies, legal representatives, and other stakeholders to ensure that patients receive the appropriate care and compensation for their injuries. Preventing traffic accidents is also an important aspect of medical practice, as it can help reduce the number of injuries and fatalities on the road. This may involve educating the public about safe driving practices, advocating for safer road designs and infrastructure, and promoting the use of seat belts and other safety devices.

Periprosthetic fractures are fractures that occur around a prosthetic joint, such as a hip or knee replacement. These fractures can occur as a result of normal wear and tear on the prosthetic joint, or they can occur as a result of trauma or other factors. Periprosthetic fractures can be a serious complication of prosthetic joint replacement and may require surgical intervention to repair. They are more common in older adults and in patients with osteoporosis or other bone diseases.

Bone density is a measure of the amount of bone mineral content (BMC) in a specific area of the body, usually expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). It is an important indicator of bone health and strength, and is commonly used to diagnose and monitor osteoporosis, a condition characterized by low bone density and increased risk of fractures. Bone density is typically measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which involves passing two low-energy X-ray beams through the body and measuring the amount of X-ray energy absorbed by the bones. The difference in the amount of energy absorbed by the bones at different energies is used to calculate bone density. Normal bone density is considered to be within a certain range, and bone density measurements below this range are considered to be low or osteoporotic. Low bone density is a risk factor for fractures, particularly of the spine, hip, and wrist. Treatment for low bone density may include lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise and a healthy diet, as well as medications to increase bone density or prevent further bone loss.

Wrist injuries refer to any type of damage or trauma that affects the wrist joint or the surrounding soft tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and muscles. These injuries can range from minor sprains and strains to more severe fractures, dislocations, and nerve damage. Some common types of wrist injuries include: 1. Sprains: A sprain occurs when the ligaments that connect the bones in the wrist are stretched or torn. This can happen when the wrist is twisted or bent beyond its normal range of motion. 2. Strains: A strain occurs when the muscles or tendons in the wrist are stretched or torn. This can happen when the wrist is subjected to sudden or excessive force. 3. Fractures: A fracture is a break in one or more of the bones in the wrist. This can happen when the wrist is subjected to a significant amount of force, such as in a fall or a car accident. 4. Dislocations: A dislocation occurs when one or more of the bones in the wrist are forced out of their normal position. This can happen when the wrist is subjected to a significant amount of force, such as in a fall or a car accident. 5. Nerve damage: Nerve damage in the wrist can occur when the nerves that control movement and sensation in the hand are damaged or compressed. This can happen due to a variety of factors, including repetitive motion, trauma, or compression from a tumor or cyst. Treatment for wrist injuries depends on the severity of the injury and the underlying cause. In some cases, rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) may be sufficient to promote healing. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged bones or tissues. Physical therapy may also be recommended to help restore range of motion and strength to the wrist.

In the medical field, bone wires are thin, flexible wires made of metal or other materials that are used to stabilize and reinforce broken bones. They are typically inserted into the bone through a small incision and secured in place using screws or other devices. Bone wires are commonly used in orthopedic surgery to treat fractures, particularly in areas of the body where the bone is difficult to access or where there is a risk of nerve or blood vessel damage. They can also be used to treat other conditions, such as osteoporosis, where the bone is weak and prone to fractures.

Maxillary fractures refer to fractures or breaks in the maxilla bone, which is the upper jawbone. The maxilla is a complex bone that supports the upper teeth and forms the upper part of the face. It is also involved in the formation of the nasal cavity and the roof of the mouth. Maxillary fractures can occur as a result of trauma, such as a blow to the face, or as a complication of other medical conditions, such as osteoporosis or tumors. Symptoms of a maxillary fracture may include pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty opening the mouth, and changes in the appearance of the face. Diagnosis of a maxillary fracture typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and imaging studies, such as X-rays or CT scans. Treatment options for maxillary fractures may include conservative measures, such as pain management and the use of a splint, or surgical intervention, such as the use of plates and screws to stabilize the bone. The specific treatment approach will depend on the severity and location of the fracture, as well as the overall health of the patient.

... fracture Subtle tibial plateau fracture on an AP X ray of the knee Lipohemarthrosis due to a tibial plateau fracture A tibial ... Type V = Bicondylar tibial plateau fracture, Consists of a split fracture of the medial and lateral tibial plateau. It is ... Schatzker classification for tibial plateau fracture:[citation needed] Type I = Lateral Tibial plateau fracture without ... Represent 6% of all tibial plateau fractures. Type II = Lateral tibial plateau fracture with depression, This is a combined ...
Thus it is the most commonly fractured long bone in the body. Patients with tibial shaft fractures present with pain and ... Tibia shaft fractures are the most common long bone fractures. They account for approximately 4% of the fractures seen in the ... are highly sensitive and specific for tibial shaft fractures. Two systems of fracture classification are commonly used to aid ... "Tibial shaft fractures in adults". www.uptodate.com. Retrieved 2017-10-01. Busse, Jason W.; Morton, Emily; Lacchetti, Christina ...
Tibial tuberosity fractures are infrequent fractures, most common in adolescents. In running and jumping movements, extreme ... 1], KneeHipPain (1998) Cipriano (2002), p 356 Lau & Ramachandran (2006) "Tibial Tubercle Fractures". Archived from the original ... ISBN 0-7817-3552-1. Lau, Kelvin; Ramachandran, Manoj (2006). "Tibial Tubercle Fracture". eMedicine. Retrieved 31 December 2008 ... The tuberosity of the tibia or tibial tuberosity or tibial tubercle is an elevation on the proximal, anterior aspect of the ...
Pilon fracture Tibial plateau fracture Tibia shaft fracture Bumper fracture - a fracture of the lateral tibial plateau caused ... an avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial condyle Gosselin fracture - a fractures of the tibial plafond into anterior and ... Volkmann's fracture or Earle's fracture, a fracture of the postero-lateral rim of the distal fibula. A tib-fib fracture is a ... In 78% of cases, a fracture of the fibula is associated with a tibial fracture. Since the fibula is smaller and weaker than the ...
Patella fracture Crus fracture Tibia fracture Pilon fracture Tibial plateau fracture Bumper fracture - a fracture of the ... Spinal fracture Cervical fracture Fracture of C1, including Jefferson fracture Fracture of C2, including Hangman's fracture ... of the spine Rib fracture Sternal fracture Shoulder fracture Clavicle fracture Scapular fracture Arm fracture Humerus fracture ... Skull fracture Basilar skull fracture Blowout fracture - a fracture of the walls or floor of the orbit Mandibular fracture ...
Dunbar JS, Owen HF, Nogrady MB, McLeese R (September 1964). "Obscure tibial fracture of infants -- the toddler's fracture". J ... fractures. Mellick LB, Milker L, Egsieker E (October 1999). "Childhood accidental spiral tibial (CAST) fractures". Pediatr ... A new terminology has been proposed, which defines toddler's fracture as a subset of childhood accidental spiral tibial (CAST) ... Toddler's fractures are bone fractures of the distal (lower) part of the shin bone (tibia) in toddlers (aged 9 months-3 years) ...
The fracture on the tibial tuberosity can be a complete or incomplete break.[citation needed] Type I: A small fragment is ... Research suggests that Osgood-Schlatter's disease also increases the risk of tibial fractures. It's possible that the rapid ... Baltaci H., Ozer V., Tunay B. (2004). "Rehabilitation of avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity". Knee Surgery, Sports ... This is usually at the ligament-bone junction of the patellar ligament and the tibial tuberosity. The tibial tuberosity is a ...
"Tibial pilon fractures: which method of treatment?". Injury. 41 (11): 1183-90. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2010.08.041. PMID 20870227 ... A pilon fracture, is a fracture of the distal part of the tibia, involving its articular surface at the ankle joint. Pilon ... Pilon fractures are rare, comprising 3 to 10 percent of all fractures of the tibia and 1 percent of all lower extremity ... Ankle fracture Mandi, DM; Belin, RP; Banks, J; Barrett, B (Apr 2012). "Pilon fractures". Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and ...
Tibial Plateau Fractures at eMedicine APLEY AG (August 1956). "Fractures of the lateral tibial condyle treated by skeletal ... A bumper fracture is a fracture of the lateral tibial plateau caused by the bumper of a car coming into contact with the outer ... of tibial plateau fractures. Fracture of the neck of the fibula may also be found, and associated injury to the medial ... This causes the lateral part of the distal femur and the lateral tibial plateau to come into contact, compressing the tibial ...
In tibial fractures, accelerated bone turnover allows the union of interfaces to occur typically within six months, compared to ... Paradis, G R; Kelly, P J (1975-03-01). "Blood flow and mineral deposition in canine tibial fractures". The Journal of Bone and ... which can be caused by injuries such as fractures and burns, afflictions such as acute paralysis and arthritis, bone movement ... "Quantitative histological evaluation of early fracture healing of cortical bones immobilized by stainless steel and composite ...
Reuss, BL; Cole, JD (2007). "Effect of delayed treatment on open tibial shaft fractures". Am J. Orthop. 36 (4): 215-20. PMID ... "The Timing of Formal Treatment and Its Effect on Open Tibial Shaft Fracture Infection and Nonunion Rate." Faculty Investigator ...
It was later revealed that he suffered a tibial plateau fracture in his left leg. He underwent surgery the next day and was ... Bergman, Jeremy (October 8, 2017). "J.J. Watt out for the season with tibial plateau fracture". NFL.com. Archived from the ... Wilson, Aaron (October 8, 2017). "Texans' J.J. Watt suffers tibial plateau fracture". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the ... Despite battling a groin injury and a fractured left hand, Watt started all 16 games in 2015 making 76 tackles, an NFL-leading ...
Weber, Martin (2004). "Trimalleolar Fractures with Impaction of the Posteromedial Tibial Plafond: Implications for Talar ... A trimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus, the medial malleolus, and the distal ... The trimalleolar fracture is also known as cotton fracture. Surgical repair using open reduction and internal fixation is ... "Results of Ankle Fractures with Involvement of the Posterior Tibial Margin". The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and ...
It can be fractured along with the tibial tuberosity. It has been used as a source for bone grafts. The peroneal nerve runs ... "An en bloc avulsion fracture of tibial tuberosity and Gerdy's tubercle in an adolescent basketball player: A case report". Knee ...
Open fractures take longer to heal, and infection will delay union. For tibial fractures union is generally achieved after ... This is particularly relevant for open fractures. For open comminuted fractures of the tibial plateau the use of circular ... "Treatment of complex tibial fractures in children with the taylor spatial frame". Orthopedics. 31 (10). PMID 19226013. ... "Cost implications of the physiotherapy management of complex tibial fractures treated with circular frames". Strategies Trauma ...
Leg compartment syndrome is found in 2% to 9% of tibial fractures. It is strongly related to fractures involving the tibial ... It is most commonly due to physical trauma such as a bone fracture (up to 75% of cases) or crush injury, but it can also be ... Acute compartment syndrome occurs in about 3% of those who have a midshaft fracture of the forearm. Rates in other areas of the ... The most common cause of acute compartment syndrome is fracture of a bone, most commonly the tibia. There is no difference ...
Whilst tibial fractures are the most common long bone fractures, it is malrotation of the femur which can cause the most ... "Functional Impact of Tibial Malrotation Following Intramedullary Nailing of Tibial Shaft Fractures". The Journal of Bone and ... This torsional error is a major problem for femoral and tibial fractures, and occurs in 17 to 35% of patients who receive these ... Malrotation of the femur in the setting of a mid-shaft fracture has an impact on the axis of the entire leg, which shifts the ...
"External Fixation versus Unreamed Tibial Intramedullary Nailing for Open Tibial Fractures: A Meta-analysis of Randomized ... An open fracture, also called a compound fracture, is a type of bone fracture (broken bone) that has an open wound in the skin ... Infection rates for Gustilo Grade I fractures is 1.4%, followed by 3.6% for Grade II fractures, 22.7% for Grade IIIA fractures ... The severity of open fractures can vary. For diagnosing and classifying open fractures, Gustilo-Anderson open fracture ...
Lesions in the tibial plateau, hip, ankle, and wrist are often missed. In a tibial plateau fracture, any disruption of the ... which is consistent with the presence of proximal tibial fracture. a b Figure 9: Proximal metaphyseal fatigue fracture of the ... as in scaphoid fracture). Of the three types of occult fractures mentioned above, the latter two, fatigue fracture secondary to ... Common sites are the lateral tibial plateau (the Segond fracture), the spinal tuberosity of the tibia resulting from anterior ...
He suffered from tibial plateau fractures and ACL tears in both knees. Hall returned to training on trampolines during summer ...
At a median 14 years after tibial nailing of isolated tibial fractures, patients' function is comparable to population norms, ... Lefaivre, K. A.; Guy, P.; Chan, H.; Blachut, P. A. (2008). "Long-Term Follow-up of Tibial Shaft Fractures Treated with ... IM nails have long been used to treat fractures of long bones of the body. Gerhard Küntscher is credited with the first use of ... Prior to that, treatment of such fractures was limited to traction or plaster, both of which required long periods of ...
Tillaux-Chaput fracture: A fracture of the posterolateral tibial epiphysis. Prior to Chaput's description, Paul Jules Tillaux ... Les fractures malléolaires du cou-de-pied et les accidents du travail, 1907 - Malleolar fractures of the instep and work- ... fracture at Who Named It Most widely held works by Henri Chaput OCLC WorldCat (Articles with short description, Short ... Étude expérimentale et clinique sur le mécanisme des fractures de la rotule, 1888 - Experimental and clinical study on ...
Greening missed the next fourteen weeks with a tibial fracture. In total, she appeared in nine league games with six starts as ...
She said that she competed in the Olympics with a tibial stress fracture. Additionally, she fell on her head during her beam ...
PMID 10113049 "Rupture of the posterior tibial tendon associated with closed ankle fracture." (June 1991) Foot and Ankle. PMID ... PMID 22735279 "Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of tibial eminence fractures in adults."(July 2006) Journal of Knee ... After treating large numbers of metatarsal foot fractures on the island he became known for diagnosing the "Vineyard fracture ... "The Vineyard Fracture". The New Yorker Magazine. No. August 2006. The New Yorker Magazine. Retrieved 3 October 2016. Swanson, ...
On February 15, goalkeeper Aljaž Ivačič underwent successful surgery to repair a left tibial stress fracture. He is expected to ... "Timbers goalkeeper Aljaž Ivačič undergoes successful surgery to repair left tibial fracture". Timbers.com. February 15, 2019. ...
The tibial cartilage does not mature enough to ossify (turn into bone). This leaves the growth plate prone to fracture, ... Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a metabolic disease of young poultry that affects the growth of bone and cartilage. Often ... List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions "Tibial Dyschondroplasia". PoultryDMV. AnimalDMV LLC. ...
Waiting delays care an average of 7 days, and longer for tibial plateau and calcaneal fractures. Operating immediately ... Fracture blisters occur on skin overlying a fractured bone, and fractures complicated by the development of overlying blisters ... 43 Fracture blisters are tense vesicles or bullae that arise on markedly swollen skin directly overlying a fracture. Fracture ... A fracture blister typically occurs near fractures where the skin has little subcutaneous tissue between it and bone. These ...
"Clinical management of tibial fractures by using type II linear external skeletal fixator in cattle" (PDF). thepharmajournal. ...
"Re-evaluation of low intensity pulsed ultrasound in treatment of tibial fractures (TRUST): randomized clinical trial". BMJ. 355 ... Evidence as of 2023 was insufficient to justify its use to prevent non healing of bone fractures. Tentative evidence supports ... Low intensity pulsed ultrasound has been proposed as a therapy to support bone healing after fractures, osteomies, or delayed ... Leighton, R.; Watson, J.T; Giannoudis, P.; Papakostidis, C.; Harrison, A.; Steen, R.G. (May 2017). "Healing of fracture ...
Anterior tibial stress fractures elicit focal tenderness on the anterior tibial crest, while posterior medial stress fractures ... When compared to other stress fractures, anterior tibial fractures are more likely to progress to complete fracture of the ... Previous stress fractures have been identified as a risk factor. Along with history of stress fractures, a narrow tibial shaft ... Stress fractures can be described as small cracks in the bone, or hairline fractures. Stress fractures of the foot are ...
... fracture Subtle tibial plateau fracture on an AP X ray of the knee Lipohemarthrosis due to a tibial plateau fracture A tibial ... Type V = Bicondylar tibial plateau fracture, Consists of a split fracture of the medial and lateral tibial plateau. It is ... Schatzker classification for tibial plateau fracture:[citation needed] Type I = Lateral Tibial plateau fracture without ... Represent 6% of all tibial plateau fractures. Type II = Lateral tibial plateau fracture with depression, This is a combined ...
... tibial fractures essentially remain unresolved; they are among the most challenging fractures to be treated by an orthopedic ... Fractures of the tibia and the fibula are the subject of ongoing controversy and discussion. Despite newer innovations in ... Diaphyseal tibial fracture. Gustilo grade 3A midshaft open tibial fracture in 25-year-old man. External fixator was applied. ... Predictors of secondary procedures in a tibial fracture are an open fracture, a transverse fracture, and a postoperative ...
A tibial fracture is when you either partially or completely break your shinbone. ... Supracondylar Femoral Fracture Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Tennis Elbow Throwing Injuries Elbow Tibial Fractures Toenail Care Torn ... Tibial fractures can be caused by:. *Falls or impacts that give the shinbone more force than it can sustain. Fractures can ... Tibial fractures need to be treated quickly or the leg may not heal properly. If you suspect you have a fractured tibia, seek ...
Management strategies for bone loss in tibial shaft fractures.. Segmental tibial defects. Comparing conventional and Ilizarov ... See: Tibial Non Unions. - Discussion:. - up to 60% of high energy open tibial will fail to heal by 20 weeks, and therefore MD ... Bone Grafting for Tibial Fracture. Bone Grafting for Tibial Fracture. - ... The timing of flap coverage, bone-grafting, and intramedullary nailing in patients who have a fracture of the tibial shaft with ...
... tibial/injuries/surgery,tibial fractures/surgery/radiography,treatment outcome ... Keywords : Casts, surgical, fracture fixation, internal/methods, knee joint, menisci, tibial/injuries/surgery, tibial fractures ... underwent surgical treatment for 41 tibial plateau fractures. Final evaluations included 37 patients (38 knees). Fractures were ... Objectives: This study was designed to determine surgical indications in tibial plateau fractures and to evaluate the effect of ...
One-hundred nineteen patients with tibial fractures due to gunshot injury were treated with Ilizarov and Girgin external ... There were 19 type-I, 52 type-II, 48 type-III open fractures. The mean follow-up time was 15.7 (8.5-44) months. Fractures ... In cases with open tibial fractures due to gunshot injury, external fixator are advantages in view of infection, when compared ... Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the fracture demographics: Data from a tertiary care hospital in Turkey By: Turgut, Ali; Arlı, ...
A tibial fracture can occur anywhere along the bone, and can range from small cracks to a full break that allows the bone to ... A tibial fracture can occur anywhere along the bone, and can range from small cracks to a full break that allows the bone to ... Home / Specialties / Fracture Care / Conditions & Treatment / Tibial Fractures Tibial Fractures. This condition is a break in ...
This is a break of the shinbone. Thats the larger of the two bones in the lower leg. Tibias are strong bones that support most of your bodys weight.
... Overview. This condition is a fracture of a portion of the tibia, also called the shin bone, in ... The tibial spine is most often fractured from severe injury or trauma to the knee that places severe stress on the ACL. This ... The most common symptom of a tibial spine fracture is acute pain in the front or center of the knee. Patients may also notice ... The tibial spine is a specialized ridge of bone in the tibia where the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) attaches. This ligament ...
Tibial stress fracture in a young professional football player. ... stress fracture, tibial stress fracture, Ultrasound by Paolo ... Tibial Stress Fracture. Posted on 23 October 2016. by Paolo Minafra Today a show you the case of a young football player that ... The tibia is the most common site of a stress fracture in the lower body, especially in young athletes. Dont forget that ... a gross irregularity of the cortical tibial surface was evident with intense periostal hypervascularity. ...
Segmental Tibial Fractures. July 22, 2020. by Data Trace Editor - Segmental tibial fractures treated with interlocking nails. A ... Percutaneous Reduction During Intramedullary Nailing in Comminuted Tibial Shaft Fractures. - Segmental Tibial Fractures: An ... Segmental tibial fractures: an assessment of procedures in 27 cases. - Segmental Tibia Fractures: a Prospective Evaluation. - [ ... Segmental tibia fractures: a critical retrospective analysis of 49 cases]. - Tibial Unreamed Intramedullary Nailing Using ...
... open tibial shaft fractures was introduced as a topic. The focus of the earlier journal was evaluating these fractures and the ... What is an open tibial shaft fracture? The tibia refers to your shin bone in the lower leg. Open tells us the bone has ... It is the second part of a two-part series on open tibial shaft fractures. In the first part (published in the January 2010 ... Open Tibial Shaft Fractures: II. Definitive Management and Limb Salvage. In Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic ...
AlterG use is available by appointment throughout the week and weekend, please call to make an appointment ...
What is tibial fracture repair surgery, and why does my pet need it?. Tibial fracture repair surgery is a procedure performed ... Caring for Your Pet After Tibial Fracture Repair Surgery. Anesthesia may take 24 to 48 hours to wear off.. *Your pet may be ... Tibial Fracture Repair Surgery. Before surgery, our veterinary team will perform a thorough pre-surgical examination to ensure ... Complications from a tibial fracture repair surgery are rare. If your pet experiences these issues after surgery, please ...
The use of three-dimensional models in tibial plateau fractures Authors. * J A Joubert Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences ... tibial plateau fracture classification, 3D CT images, 3D-printed models Abstract. Background: To compare three-dimensional (3D ... Method: The sample comprised the 20 CT scans of patients with tibial plateau fractures available in the radiology archive of Dr ... images in terms of the reliability of the classification of tibial plateau fractures using the Hohl and Moore and the Schatzker ...
Patellar, tibial, and fibular fractures. In: Eiff MP, Hatch RL, Higgins MK, eds. Fracture Management for Primary Care and ... If you have a severe fracture, or if your tendon is torn, you will need surgery to repair the injuries. ... You may have only to limit, not stop, your activity if you have a very minor fracture. ...
Stress Fracture of Foot. *Systemic Chondromalacia. *Tibia and Fibula Fractures. *Tibial Fracture ... Hand and wrist conditions including arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, Dupuytrens contracture, and fractures or sprains, with ...
25 - WEBINAR - Complex Elbow Fracture Dislocations: Trans-Olecranon Fracture Dislocations and Monteggia Variants (CME available ... Fracture Night occurs the first three Wednesdaysw of the month. These are interactive, case-based discussions led by various ... The OTA Fracturebook: Current Practice of Trauma and Fracture Management will be the new official textbook of the OTA. This ... Upcoming Webinars (requires separate registration from Fracture Night): *Sept. 27 - WEBINAR - Principles in the Management of ...
External Fixators, Intramedullary Nailing, Open Fracture, Tibial Fracture Abstract. Background: The treatment of open fractures ... Keeling JJ, Gwinn DE, Tintle SM, Andersen RC,McGuigan FX. Short-term outcomes of severe opne wartime tibial fractures treated ... Inan M,Halici M,Ayan I,Tuncel M,Karaoglu S. Treatment of type IIIA open fractures of tibial shaft with Ilizarov external ... Treatment of open tibial shaft fractures using tightly fitted interlocking nailing.Int Orthop.2006; 30(5):333-7. ...
Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fracture: What Predicts Infection? This study aims to identify the factors associated with a greater ... Current Strategies in Managing Geriatric Hip Fractures Managing hip fractures in the elderly presents challenges and comes with ... risk for infection among patients with bicondylar tibia plateau fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation.. ...
Tibial shaft fractures are one of the most common fractures in young. The risk of fractures increases up to 37.5% [2]. ... Regarding the treatment of diaphyseal tibial fractures, tibial nailing has become the standard care [4]. Tibial nail is ... Due to the latest implant design, tibial IMIL has become the choice for the treatment of tibial shaft fractures. Anterior knee ... For the treatment of diaphyseal tibial fractures, tibial nailing has become the standard care, intramedullary nail act as an ...
Tibial Fracture ... View other providers who treat Leg Fracture Below Knee (incl. ... View other providers who treat Foot and Ankle Fracture and Dislocation Treatment ... View other providers who treat Hand and Wrist Fracture and Dislocation Treatment ... View other providers who treat Hip Fracture and-or Dislocation Treatment, Closed ...
Internal screw fixation of the fractured navicular bone was needed along with K-wire insertion to hold the normal anatomy of ... This case report highlights the orthopaedic knowledge needed to not only recognize this rare fracture-dislocation pattern but ... He had a palpable dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery.. Initial plain X-rays of the foot evaluated by orthopaedics ... This was described as a navicular body fracture, either isolated or with additional fractures, dislocations, and/or fracture ...
Segond fracture - an avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial condyle. *Gosselin fracture - a fractures of the tibial plafond ... Spinal fracture *Cervical fracture *Fracture of C1, including Jefferson fracture. *Fracture of C2, including Hangmans fracture ... Arm fracture *Humerus fracture (fracture of upper arm) *Supracondylar fracture. *Holstein-Lewis fracture - a fracture of the ... a) closed fracture (b) open fracture (c) transverse fracture (d) spiral fracture (e) comminuted fracture (f) impacted fracture ...
The procedure for evaluation and management of open fractures is best described as a set of principles that has evolved over ... The outcome of tibial diaphyseal fractures in the elderly. Bone Joint J. 2013 Sep. 95-B (9):1255-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... An open tibia fracture with bone loss. A tibial nail was placed and the wound was managed with negative pressure wound therapy ... The timing of flap coverage, bone-grafting, and intramedullary nailing in patients who have a fracture of the tibial shaft with ...
Open tibial shaft fractures requiring flap coverage: the impact of orthoplastic reconstruction on outcomes. - Dr Khalid Al- ...
Distal tibial fractures. Product Features. *Pneumatic quick-pump liner encompasses the forefoot, ankle, and leg for complete ...
To investigate whether an acute fixation protocol for high-energy tibial plateau frac ... tibial plateau fracture, OTA/AO 41 fracture, Schatzker IV/V/VI, ORIF, acute, delayed, wound complications, operative costs. ... tibial plateau fracture, OTA/AO 41 fracture, Schatzker IV/V/VI, ORIF, acute, delayed, wound complications, operative costs ... Locked Plating versus Nailing for Proximal Tibia Fractures: A Multicenter RCT * The Use of Vancomycin Powder in Tibial Plateau ...
Pathologic Fractures. *Peroneal Tendon Dysfunction. *Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction. *Scapular Dyskinesis. *Shoulder ...
  • A tibial plateau fracture is a break of the upper part of the tibia (shinbone) that involves the knee joint. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tibial plateau fractures typically presents with knee effusion, swelling of the knee or fragmentation of the tibia which leads to loss of its normal structural appearance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fractures of the tibia and the fibula are the subject of ongoing controversy and discussion. (medscape.com)
  • Although gray zones have been resolved, no consensus has been reached on the optimal management of diaphyseal fractures of the tibia. (medscape.com)
  • The optimal treatment of a tibia fracture stems from an analysis of the natural history of the fracture. (medscape.com)
  • The nutrient artery to the tibia (see the image below) arises from the posterior tibial artery, which enters the tibia at the posterolateral cortex distal to the origin of the soleus at the oblique line of the tibia. (medscape.com)
  • Tibia fractures may happen at the same time as a fracture of the fibula, which is the long, thin bone that runs along the tibia to connect to the knee. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • If you suspect you have a fractured tibia, seek medical help right away. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • Make sure your healthcare provider knows exactly what happened when your leg was injured, and tell them if you had any other injuries at the same time that your tibia was fractured. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • This condition is a fracture of a portion of the tibia, also called the shin bone, in the knee joint. (michiganortho.com)
  • The tibial spine is a specialized ridge of bone in the tibia where the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) attaches. (michiganortho.com)
  • The tibia is the most common site of a stress fracture in the lower body, especially in young athletes. (coachingultrasound.com)
  • Tibial fracture repair surgery is a procedure performed to treat fractures or breaks in the tibia, which is the larger bone located in the lower leg. (anicira.org)
  • Tibia is exposed to frequent injury there by being the most commonly fractured long bone. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Fractures of the tibia are among the most serious long bone fractures,because of their potential for nonunion, malunion and propensity for their open injury [3]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Gerhad kuntscher developed his v-shaped nail and a cloverleaf nail in 1940s later on it was widely used to treat fracture shaft of tibia. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • For example, the tibia has a long medial aspect that is subcutaneous, and therefore, it is "easier" for trauma to the lower leg to expose the bone and fracture site. (medscape.com)
  • La fracture était le traumatisme ostéo-articulaire le plus courant : avec 509 cas (49,8 %), la fracture du tibia représentait la plus forte proportion. (who.int)
  • Fractures of the TIBIA. (bvsalud.org)
  • This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged dynamic ultrasound , dynamic ultrasound examination , hypervascularity , MRI , msk , musculoskeletal mri , paolo minafra , stress fracture , tibial stress fracture , Ultrasound by Paolo Minafra . (coachingultrasound.com)
  • A stress fracture occurs when the dose of stress exceeds the bone's capacity to adapt. (medscape.com)
  • He had a palpable dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery. (hindawi.com)
  • [ 10 ] The nerve lies beneath the flexor retinaculum between merging tendons and vessels, which have an anterior to posterior progression of tibialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum tendon, posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus tendon (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The tibialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum tendon, posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus tendon at the ankle level. (medscape.com)
  • The advent of plaster and the design of functional casts revolutionized the management of tibial fractures. (medscape.com)
  • As compared to transpatellar approach for intramedullary interlocking nail insertion, medial parapatellar incision is more preferred in the management of tibial shaft fracture [3,11,12]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Low energy fractures are commonly seen in older females due to osteoporotic bone changes and are typically depressed fractures. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Edwin Smith papyrus (an ancient Egyptian treatise on trauma surgery from the 17th century BCE) contained references to the management of long-bone fractures with splints and bandages. (medscape.com)
  • In an open fracture, the bone breaks through the skin, or a wound is deep enough that the bone can be seen through it. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • In a closed fracture, the bone is broken but the skin is not broken. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • Open fractures, the kind where the bone can be seen after the break occurs, need to be treated as emergencies. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • Fractures can happen when the bone receives enough force to snap or twist. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • A related injury in athletes is an avulsion fracture, a kind of fracture where a piece of bone gets pulled away from the rest of the bone. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • During this exam, they will look at your leg and press on the injured area to find out if the bone is fractured and what kind of break it is. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • Some fractures can be diagnosed with a physical exam alone, but in these cases your healthcare provider still might want to do imaging tests to take pictures of the bone and figure out the best treatment for you. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • A tibial fracture can occur anywhere along the bone, and can range from small cracks to a full break that allows the bone to separate. (orthoatlanta.com)
  • Open tells us the bone has fractured severely enough to come through the muscle and fascia and out through the skin. (tracksidephysio.com)
  • During surgery, the veterinarian will make an incision near the fracture site and use tools to bring the broken bone back in a more normal alignment. (anicira.org)
  • In the USA Hansen-street nail was introduced in 1947 this was solid diamond shaped nail designed to resist fracture rotation by its compression fit within the cancellous bone. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Internal screw fixation of the fractured navicular bone was needed along with K-wire insertion to hold the normal anatomy of the talonavicular joint reduced. (hindawi.com)
  • A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx , F x , or # ) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture . (wikipedia.org)
  • [1] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta , where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture . (wikipedia.org)
  • Other complications may include non-union, where the fractured bone fails to heal, or malunion, where the fractured bone heals in a deformed manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • One form of malunion is the malrotation of a bone, which is especially common after femoral and tibial fractures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stages in Fracture Repair: The healing of a bone fracture follows a series of progressive steps: (a) A fracture hematoma forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The natural process of healing a fracture starts when the injured bone and surrounding tissues bleed, forming a fracture hematoma . (wikipedia.org)
  • A fracture is a break in a bone. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Most fractures result from a single, significant force applied to normal bone. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pathologic fractures occur when mild or minimal force fractures an area of bone weakened by a disorder (eg, osteoporosis, cancer, infection, bone cyst). (msdmanuals.com)
  • A hematoma forms at the fracture site, and a small amount of bone in the distal fracture fragments is resorbed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If a fracture line is not evident initially (eg, in some nondisplaced fractures), one typically becomes evident about 1 week after the injury as this small amount of bone is resorbed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The reparative phase ends with clinical union of the fracture (ie, when there is no pain at fracture site, the injured extremity can be used without pain, and clinical examination detects no bone movement). (msdmanuals.com)
  • In 1970 Gorsse and Kemfe developed nail with interlocking screw, which expanded the indication of nailing more proximal, distal and unstable fractures. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Systematic review of the literature was conducted on the following databases: PubMed and VHL from 2000 to 2013 aiming to compare Intramedullary Nailing (IM Nailing), External Fixation (EF), and EF followed by IM Nailing in the treatment of open fractures of the tibial shaft. (imed.pub)
  • Risk factors for deep infection in secondary intramedullary nailing after external fixation for open tibial fractures.Injury. (imed.pub)
  • An Acute Fixation Protocol for High-Energy Tibial Plateau Fr. (lww.com)
  • To investigate whether an acute fixation protocol for high-energy tibial plateau fractures increases the rate of wound complications. (lww.com)
  • One hundred thirty-four patients with high-energy tibial plateau fractures (OTA/AO 41B/C [Schatzker VI/V/VI]) treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). (lww.com)
  • An acute ORIF protocol for high-energy tibial plateau fractures decreased time to fixation and lowered operative costs without increasing the risk of wound complications or reoperations. (lww.com)
  • Postoperative anteroposterior radiograph of varus knee that underwent a closing wedge high tibial osteotomy with internal fixation. (medscape.com)
  • The ability to treat tibial shaft fracture by conservative or operative means depends on what is often termed the natural history of the fracture. (medscape.com)
  • It is the second part of a two-part series on open tibial shaft fractures. (tracksidephysio.com)
  • In the first part (published in the January 2010 Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (JAAOS)), open tibial shaft fractures was introduced as a topic. (tracksidephysio.com)
  • What is an open tibial shaft fracture? (tracksidephysio.com)
  • Although surgeons will benefit from the detailed discussion of each of these topics, patients and family members who are dealing with open tibial shaft fractures will be searching for information and answers they might find here. (tracksidephysio.com)
  • The treatment of open fractures of the tibial shaft is often a dilemma since it requires particular caution and individual assistance for each case. (imed.pub)
  • Wani N,Baba A,Kangoo K,Mir M. Role of early Ilizarov ring fixator in the difinitive management of type II, IIIA and IIIB open tibial shaft fractures. (imed.pub)
  • Tibial shaft fractures are one of the most common fractures in young. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Recently, due to the latest implant design interlocking intramedullary nailing has become the treatment of choice for tibial shaft fractures. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Traditionally, the starting point for intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fracture has established via ínfrapatellar approach either by splitting the patellar tendon or dissecting just adjacent to patellar tendon .Nailing in semiextended position using medial patellar approach has recently gained significant attention [9]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Fractures of the tibial shaft and plateau may lead to subsequent lower extremity malalignment. (medscape.com)
  • Most clinicians accept less than 10° of angulation in tibial shaft fractures. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment of open fractures of the tibial shaft with the use of interlocking nailing without reaming. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dall´Oca C,Christodoulidis A,Bortolazzi R,Bortolozzi P,Lavini F. Treatment of 103 displaced tibial diaphyseal fractures with a radiolucent unilateral external fixator.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. (imed.pub)
  • Direct inoculation of the tissue is a basic issue in the pathophysiology of open fracture management. (medscape.com)
  • In cases with open tibial fractures due to gunshot injury, external fixator are advantages in view of infection, when compared with other stabilizer materials, particularly with intramedullary nailing. (aott.org.tr)
  • For the treatment of diaphyseal tibial fractures, tibial nailing has become the standard care, intramedullary nail act as an internal splint [4]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Tibial nail is advantageous in its intramedullary position, sharing physiologic loads and allowing weight bearing of affected extremity immediately after placement. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Due to the tibial plateau's proximity to important vascular (i.e. arteries, veins) and neurological (i.e. nerves such as peroneal and tibial) structures, injuries to these may occur upon fracture. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, most of these fractures occur from motor vehicle accidents or falls. (wikipedia.org)
  • The knee anatomy provides insight into predicting why certain fracture patterns occur more often than others. (wikipedia.org)
  • Partial or complete ligamentous ruptures occur in 15-45%, meniscal lesions in about 5-37% of all tibial plateau fractures. (wikipedia.org)
  • The delayed unions and nonunions that occur in these fractures are themselves a separate problem covered extensively in the literature and in academic forums. (medscape.com)
  • Tibial fractures can occur due to trauma, such as a fall, accident, or athletic injury. (anicira.org)
  • Open fractures pose some unique risks beyond those encountered with similar closed fractures that may occur with similar amounts of force. (medscape.com)
  • If you have a severe fracture, or if your tendon is torn, you will need surgery to repair the injuries. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This includes Osgood-Schlatter disease , an apophysis resulting from repetitive quadriceps contraction through the patellar tendon at its insertion upon the skeletally immature tibial tubercle. (medscape.com)
  • This was described as a navicular body fracture, either isolated or with additional fractures, dislocations, and/or fracture dislocations of the foot [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The commonest musculoskeletal injury was fracture: tibial fracture with 509 cases (49.8%) comprised the largest proportion. (who.int)
  • High energy fractures are commonly the result of motor vehicle accidents, falls or sports related injuries. (wikipedia.org)
  • In all injuries to the tibial plateau radiographs (commonly called x-rays) are imperative. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, diaphyseal tibial injuries are prone not only to infection and nonunion in the long term but also to significantly increased morbidity caused by polytrauma and associated injuries in the acute setting. (medscape.com)
  • Knowledge of the relevant anatomy is essential for recognizing and planning management of both the diaphyseal tibial fracture and the soft-tissue injuries that could be associated with it. (medscape.com)
  • Broad coverage for gram-positive organisms with the addition of gram-negative coverage for higher-grade injuries has become the most common choice for initiation of antibiotic therapy after an open fracture. (medscape.com)
  • One-hundred nineteen patients with tibial fractures due to gunshot injury were treated with Ilizarov and Girgin external fixators. (aott.org.tr)
  • Fractures treated with Ilizarov and Girgin external fixators healed on an average of 5.2 (2.5-28) and 5.96 (3.5-14), respectively. (aott.org.tr)
  • Some factors that influence the natural history of tibial fractures include the location and extent of displacement, comminution, soft-tissue injury, and contamination. (medscape.com)
  • The tibial spine is most often fractured from severe injury or trauma to the knee that places severe stress on the ACL. (michiganortho.com)
  • If the open fracture was caused by penetrating trauma, direct injury to major neurovascular structures may be more likely, thereby affecting the prognosis for limb function. (medscape.com)
  • Objectives: This study was designed to determine surgical indications in tibial plateau fractures and to evaluate the effect of surgical treatment on the outcome. (aott.org.tr)
  • range 18 to 75 years) underwent surgical treatment for 41 tibial plateau fractures. (aott.org.tr)
  • Would you like to learn more about the latest options available for surgical treatment of open tibial fractures? (tracksidephysio.com)
  • To compare three-dimensional (3D) printed models with 3D computed tomography (CT) images in terms of the reliability of the classification of tibial plateau fractures using the Hohl and Moore and the Schatzker classification systems, and whether there was any influence on surgical management. (saoj.org.za)
  • Naique SB, Pearse M, Nachanhal J. Management of severe open tibial fractures:the need for combined orthopaedic and plastic surgical treatment inspecialist centers. (imed.pub)
  • Conservative management was more likely to fail in fractures that had a residual fracture gap or an intact fibula than in others. (medscape.com)
  • A cuboid fracture and a fracture of the proximal metaphysis of the third metatarsal were also identified, along with a small fracture of the lateral aspect of the anterior process of the calcaneus. (hindawi.com)
  • The OTA Fracturebook: Current Practice of Trauma and Fracture Management will be the new official textbook of the OTA. (ota.org)
  • citation needed] Fractures of the tibial plateau are caused by a varus (inwardly angulating) or valgus (outwardly angulating) force combined with axial loading or weight bearing on knee. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common symptom of a tibial spine fracture is acute pain in the front or center of the knee. (michiganortho.com)
  • The most common treatment option for a less severe fracture is immobilization of the leg in a brace or cast with the knee slightly bent for several weeks. (michiganortho.com)
  • The presence of the hinge joints at the knee and ankle allow to no adjustment of the rotatory deformity after fracture requiring during correction of reduction [1]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Leg Fracture Above Knee (incl. (sharecare.com)
  • Most of the complications occurred at the fractures treated with Girgin external fixator. (aott.org.tr)
  • Current Strategies in Managing Geriatric Hip Fractures Managing hip fractures in the elderly presents challenges and comes with an increased risk for complications. (medscape.com)
  • Some fractures may lead to serious complications including a condition known as compartment syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
  • [5] Complications of fractures may be classified into three broad groups, depending upon their time of occurrence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immediate complications - occurs at the time of the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Early complications - occurring in the initial few days after the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Late complications - occurring a long time after the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Serious complications of fractures are unusual but may threaten life or limb viability or cause permanent limb dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Risk of complications is high with open fractures (which predispose to infection) and with fractures that disrupt blood vessels, tissue perfusion, and/or nerves. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Closed fractures that do not involve blood vessels or nerves, particularly those that are quickly reduced, are least likely to result in serious complications. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A combination of posterior tibial nerve block, saphenous nerve block , superficial peroneal nerve block , deep peroneal nerve block , and sural nerve block results in complete block of sensory perception beneath the ankle, as shown in the image below. (medscape.com)
  • The areas to anesthetize include a line along the anterior ankle for the superficial peroneal nerve (blue line), the deep peroneal nerve (red star), the saphenous nerve (pink star), the sural nerve (green arrow), and the posterior tibial nerve (orange arrow). (medscape.com)
  • At the level of ankle, the posterior tibial nerve can be found midway between the medial malleolus and the heel. (medscape.com)
  • Computed tomography scans are not always necessary but are sometimes critical for evaluating degree of fracture and determining a treatment plan that would not be possible with plain radiographs. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is time to remove this kind of dogma from one's thinking and to individualize the treatment of these fractures. (medscape.com)
  • The focus of the earlier journal was evaluating these fractures and the initial treatment taking care of the open wound. (tracksidephysio.com)
  • Hand and wrist conditions including arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, Dupuytren's contracture, and fractures or sprains, with treatment options such as surgery or physical therapy. (healthgrades.com)
  • Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses. (medscape.com)
  • Staging treatment for complex tibial metaphyseal fractures with external fixator]. (bvsalud.org)
  • Damage to adjacent structures such as nerves, muscles or blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots (for spine fractures), or cranial contents (for skull fractures) may cause other specific signs and symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • This explains how 60% of plateau fractures involve the lateral plateau, 15% medial plateau, 25% bicondylar lesions. (wikipedia.org)
  • A computerized tomography (CT) scan was ordered by orthopaedic surgery, confirming a comminuted lateral navicular fracture with navicular medial dislocation on the talar. (hindawi.com)
  • Medial and lateral plantar nerves after branching from the posterior tibial nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Cutaneous innervation by the medial and lateral branches of the posterior tibial nerve. (medscape.com)
  • The tibial condyle is crushed or split by the opposing femoral condyle, which remains intact. (wikipedia.org)
  • Work currently is being performed to generate articular cartilage in vitro with the ultimate goal of resurfacing a femoral condyle or tibial plateau. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] enabled surgeons to treat open diaphyseal tibial fractures with some prospect of avoiding amputation. (medscape.com)
  • Open fractures need to be cleaned and treated right away, since they have a risk of infection. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • There were 19 type-I, 52 type-II, 48 type-III open fractures. (aott.org.tr)
  • The procedure for evaluation and management of open fractures is best described as a set of principles that has evolved over time, often in relation to advances in wartime care of military personnel. (medscape.com)
  • Adjuncts to the care of open fractures have evolved and often involve delivery of antibiotics or metabolically important substances to the local fracture environment. (medscape.com)
  • The risk of a fracture being open is related to the amount of soft-tissue coverage in that region of the body and to the amount of energy imparted to that region. (medscape.com)
  • Mosheiff R. Open fractures. (medscape.com)
  • The principles and practice of open fracture care, 2018. (medscape.com)
  • Appropriate coverage of the wound and splinting of the fracture are performed in conjunction with initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy and tetanus prophylaxis. (medscape.com)
  • This may be applied shortly after the fracture occurs, or during the healing process. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • Fracture Night occurs the first three Wednesdaysw of the month. (ota.org)
  • What is tibial fracture repair surgery, and why does my pet need it? (anicira.org)
  • [ 8 , 9 ] The posterior tibial nerve arises from the sciatic nerve and courses down the posterior thigh and posteromedial lower leg, as shown in the image below. (medscape.com)
  • The downside of reaming is that it increases the risk of infection and can lead to nonunion (failure of the fracture to close). (tracksidephysio.com)
  • The sample comprised the 20 CT scans of patients with tibial plateau fractures available in the radiology archive of Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital (Ga-Rankuwa). (saoj.org.za)
  • Nov. 29 - WEBINAR - Failed IT Fractures: What's Best for Patients? (ota.org)
  • Initial plain X-rays of the foot evaluated by orthopaedics demonstrated a navicular fracture with a medial dislocation of the navicular on the talus (Figures 1(a) and 1(b) ). (hindawi.com)
  • This case report highlights the orthopaedic knowledge needed to not only recognize this rare fracture-dislocation pattern but to also treat it promptly when encountered. (hindawi.com)
  • The radiology report of the foot was "negative for fracture or dislocation. (hindawi.com)
  • A serious complication of tibial plateau fractures is compartment syndrome in which swelling causes compression of the nerves and blood vessels inside the leg and may ultimately lead to necrosis or cell death of the leg tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • A thorough assessment of the fracture type and pattern and then correlating it with the natural history of a similar fracture type permits achievement of the best functional outcomes for each individual patient. (medscape.com)
  • It is composed of six condyle fracture types classified by fracture pattern and fragment anatomy. (wikipedia.org)