Thyrotropin
A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Thyrotropin stimulates THYROID GLAND by increasing the iodide transport, synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). Thyrotropin consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH; LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Receptors, Thyrotropin
Cell surface proteins that bind pituitary THYROTROPIN (also named thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH) and trigger intracellular changes of the target cells. TSH receptors are present in the nervous system and on target cells in the thyroid gland. Autoantibodies to TSH receptors are implicated in thyroid diseases such as GRAVES DISEASE and Hashimoto disease (THYROIDITIS, AUTOIMMUNE).
Thyroid Gland
A highly vascularized endocrine gland consisting of two lobes joined by a thin band of tissue with one lobe on each side of the TRACHEA. It secretes THYROID HORMONES from the follicular cells and CALCITONIN from the parafollicular cells thereby regulating METABOLISM and CALCIUM level in blood, respectively.
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
A tripeptide that stimulates the release of THYROTROPIN and PROLACTIN. It is synthesized by the neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, TRH (was called TRF) stimulates the release of TSH and PRL from the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.
Thyroxine
The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Thyrotropin Alfa
A highly purified recombinant glycoprotein form of human THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE, produced by recombinant DNA technology comprising two non-covalently linked subunits, an alpha subunit of 92 amino acid residues containing two N-linked glycosylation sites, and a beta subunit of 118 residues containing one N-linked glycosylation site. The amino acid sequence of thyrotropin alfa is identical to that of human pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone.
Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating
Graves Disease
A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).
Triiodothyronine
A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.
Congenital Hypothyroidism
A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.
Thyrotropin, beta Subunit
Thyroid Hormones
Radioimmunoassay
Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.
Iodine
Triiodothyronine, Reverse
Iodide Peroxidase
Pituitary Hormones, Anterior
Cyclic AMP
Exophthalmos
Goiter
Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).
Pituitary Gland
Pituitary Gland, Anterior
Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
Propylthiouracil
Immunoassay
Graves Ophthalmopathy
Thyrotoxicosis
A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.
Prolactin
A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.
Harderian Gland
Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit
The alpha chain of pituitary glycoprotein hormones (THYROTROPIN; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; LUTEINIZING HORMONE) and the placental CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Within a species, the alpha subunits of these four hormones are identical; the distinct functional characteristics of these glycoprotein hormones are determined by the unique beta subunits. Both subunits, the non-covalently bound heterodimers, are required for full biologic activity.
Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Cell surface receptors that bind thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Activated TRH receptors in the anterior pituitary stimulate the release of thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH); TRH receptors on neurons mediate neurotransmission by TRH.
Thyroxine-Binding Proteins
Carbimazole
Thyroiditis, Autoimmune
Inflammatory disease of the THYROID GLAND due to autoimmune responses leading to lymphocytic infiltration of the gland. It is characterized by the presence of circulating thyroid antigen-specific T-CELLS and thyroid AUTOANTIBODIES. The clinical signs can range from HYPOTHYROIDISM to THYROTOXICOSIS depending on the type of autoimmune thyroiditis.
Antithyroid Agents
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid
Autoantibodies
Myxedema
A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.
Iodine Radioisotopes
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.
Goiter, Nodular
Methimazole
Potassium Iodide
Transcription Factor Pit-1
Growth Hormone
Thyroiditis
Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes.
Adenylate Cyclase
Euthyroid Sick Syndromes
Conditions of abnormal THYROID HORMONES release in patients with apparently normal THYROID GLAND during severe systemic illness, physical TRAUMA, and psychiatric disturbances. It can be caused by the loss of endogenous hypothalamic input or by exogenous drug effects. The most common abnormality results in low T3 THYROID HORMONE with progressive decrease in THYROXINE; (T4) and TSH. Elevated T4 with normal T3 may be seen in diseases in which THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN synthesis and release are increased.
Cattle
Receptors, Cell Surface
Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.
Hypopituitarism
Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.
Sodium Iodide
Microchemistry
Bucladesine
Thyroiditis, Subacute
Cell Membrane
CHO Cells
Chorionic Gonadotropin
A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).
Reference Values
Ablation Techniques
Luteinizing Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Dogs
Receptors, LH
Those protein complexes or molecular sites on the surfaces and cytoplasm of gonadal cells that bind luteinizing or chorionic gonadotropic hormones and thereby cause the gonadal cells to synthesize and secrete sex steroids. The hormone-receptor complex is internalized from the plasma membrane and initiates steroid synthesis.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Measurement of serum TSH in the investigation of patients presenting with thyroid enlargement. (1/2714)
In otherwise euthyroid patients presenting with thyroid enlargement, reduction in serum thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations measured in a sensitive assay may be a marker of thyroid autonomy and may therefore indicate a benign underlying pathology. We investigated prospectively a cohort of 467 subjects presenting consecutively to our thyroid clinic with nodular or diffuse enlargement of the thyroid. Subjects were divided into those with normal (0.4-5.5 mU/l), low but detectable (0.1-0.39 mU/l) or undetectable (< 0.1 mU/l) serum TSH concentrations. The final pathological diagnosis was defined by fine-needle aspiration cytology and clinical follow-up of at least 2 years or by fine-needle aspiration cytology and histology following surgical treatment. Serum TSH concentrations below normal were found in 75 patients (16.1%), those with low serum TSH results having higher mean free T4 concentrations, were older and were more likely to be female. In those with undetectable serum TSH, no patient had a diagnosis of thyroid neoplasia and in those with low but detectable TSH, thyroid neoplasms were diagnosed in two patients (3.4%). In those with normal serum TSH, 12.0% had a final diagnosis of thyroid neoplasm (p = 0.013). Overall, thyroid malignancy was found in one patient (1.3%) of those with a serum TSH measurement below the normal range and 6.9% of those with normal serum TSH (p < 0.06). Reduction in serum TSH at presentation may identify a group which requires less intensive investigation and follow-up than those without biochemical evidence of thyroid autonomy. (+info)Growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 infusion synchronizes growth hormone, thyrotrophin and prolactin release in prolonged critical illness. (2/2714)
OBJECTIVE: During prolonged critical illness, nocturnal pulsatile secretion of GH, TSH and prolactin (PRL) is uniformly reduced but remains responsive to the continuous infusion of GH secretagogues and TRH. Whether such (pertinent) secretagogues would synchronize pituitary secretion of GH, TSH and/or PRL is not known. DESIGN AND METHODS: We explored temporal coupling among GH, TSH and PRL release by calculating cross-correlation among GH, TSH and PRL serum concentration profiles in 86 time series obtained from prolonged critically ill patients by nocturnal blood sampling every 20 min for 9 h during 21-h infusions of either placebo (n=22), GHRH (1 microg/kg/h; n=10), GH-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2; 1 microg/kg/h; n=28), TRH (1 microg/kg/h; n=8) or combinations of these agonists (n=8). RESULTS: The normal synchrony among GH, TSH and PRL was absent during placebo delivery. Infusion of GHRP-2, but not GHRH or TRH, markedly synchronized serum profiles of GH, TSH and PRL (all P< or =0.007). After addition of GHRH and TRH to the infusion of GHRP-2, only the synchrony between GH and PRL was maintained (P=0.003 for GHRH + GHRP-2 and P=0.006 for TRH + GHRH + GHRP-2), and was more marked than with GHRP-2 infusion alone (P=0.0006 by ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS: The nocturnal GH, TSH and PRL secretory patterns during prolonged critical illness are herewith further characterized to include loss of synchrony among GH, TSH and PRL release. The synchronizing effect of an exogenous GHRP-2 drive, but not of GHRH or TRH, suggests that the presumed endogenous GHRP-like ligand may participate in the orchestration of coordinated anterior pituitary hormone release. (+info)Insulin and TSH promote growth in size of PC Cl3 rat thyroid cells, possibly via a pathway different from DNA synthesis: comparison with FRTL-5 cells. (3/2714)
In the rat thyroid cell lines PC Cl3, FRTL- 5 and WRT, proliferation is mainly regulated by insulin or IGF, and TSH. However, the mechanism regulating cell mass doubling prior to division is still unknown. Our laboratory has shown that in dog thyroid cells insulin promotes growth in size while TSH in the presence of insulin triggers DNA replication. In the absence of insulin, TSH has no effect on cell growth. In this report we investigated insulin action on both cell mass and DNA synthesis and its modulation by TSH and insulin in PC Cl3 and FRTL-5 cells. In PC Cl3 cells, insulin activated not only DNA synthesis but also protein synthesis and accumulation. Although TSH potentiated the stimulation of DNA synthesis induced by insulin, enhancement of protein synthesis by both agents was additive. All TSH effects were reproduced by forskolin. Similar effects were also obtained in FRTL-5 cells. This suggests that insulin and TSH, via cAMP, modulate both growth in size and DNA replication in these cell lines. Lovastatin, which blocks 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, decreased the induction of DNA synthesis, but not of protein synthesis induced by insulin or TSH in PC Cl3 cells. In FRTL-5 cells, lovastatin reduced protein and DNA synthesis stimulated by insulin but not TSH-induced protein synthesis. Taking these data together, we propose that insulin and/or TSH both modulate cell mass doubling and DNA synthesis in these cell lines, presumably via different pathways, and that there are at least two pathways which regulate growth in size in FRTL-5 thyroid cells: one triggered by insulin, which is lovastatin sensitive, and the other activated by TSH, which is not sensitive to lovastatin. (+info)Development of a thyroid function strategy for general practice. (4/2714)
A study was carried out to investigate a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) frontline strategy that could potentially result in a more straightforward interpretation of thyroid function tests, a reduction in the number of inappropriate referrals to medical outpatients, an improvement in the 'turnaround time' of results, and a reduction in the number of unnecessary tests carried out, thereby reducing costs. (+info)Polarized targeting of epithelial cell proteins in thyrocytes and MDCK cells. (5/2714)
Polarized trafficking signals may be interpreted differently in different cell types. In this study, we have compared the polarized trafficking of different proteins expressed endogenously in primary porcine thyroid epithelial cells to similar proteins expressed in MDCK cells. As in MDCK cells, NH4Cl treatment of filter-grown thyrocytes caused mis-sorted soluble proteins to exhibit enhanced secretion to the apical medium. In independent studies, thrombospondin 1 (a thyroid basolaterally secreted protein) was secreted basolaterally from MDCK cells. Likewise, the 5'-deiodinase (a thyroid basolateral membrane protein) encoded by the DIO1 gene was also distributed basolaterally in transfected MDCK cells. Consistent with previous reports, when the secretion of human growth hormone (an unglycosylated regulated secretory protein) was examined from transfected MDCK cells, the release was nonpolarized. However, transfected thyrocytes secreted growth hormone apically in a manner dependent upon zinc addition. Moreover, two additional regulated secretory proteins expressed in thyrocytes, thyroglobulin (the major endogenous glycoprotein) and parathyroid hormone (an unglycosylated protein expressed transiently), were secreted apically even in the absence of zinc. We hypothesize that while cellular mechanisms for interpreting polarity signals are generally similar between thyrocytes and MDCK cells, thyrocytes allow for specialized packaging of regulated secretory proteins for apical delivery, which does not require glycosylation but may involve availability of certain ions as well as appropriate intracellular compartmentation. (+info)Biological activities of tyrosine-containing somatostatin analogs on inhibition of secretion of thyrotropin and growth hormone. (6/2714)
The following five tyrosine-containing analogs of somatostatin (GIF) were synthesized by the solid-phase method: Tyr-GIF: [Tyr6]-GIF; [Tyr7]-GIF; [Tyr8]-GIF; [Tyr11]-GIF. These analogs except [Tyr8]-GIF were demonstrated to possess almost the same potency to inhibit thyrotropin release stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone as that of synthesized GIF in vivo. [Tyr8]-GIF had potencies less than 0.5% of GIF. They also had the activity to inhibit Nembutal-induced growth hormone rise. The structure-activity relationship and availability of these analogs for radioimmunoassay were discussed. (+info)Reverse triiodothyronine, thyroid hormone, and thyrotrophin concentrations in placental cord blood. (7/2714)
Reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), and thyrotrophin (TSH) were measured in sera from placental cord blood in an unselected series of 272 deliveries. In this series the concentrations of rT3 (mean 3.33 nmol/l, 95% confidence limits 1.6--7.0 nmol/l), were log normally distributed and did not overlap the adult normal range (0.11--0.44 nmol/l). There were no correlations between the cord blood concentrations of rT3, T3, T4, and TSH. The cord serum rT3 concentration was not influenced by maturity, birth-weight, or neonatal risk factors, whereas these factors did affect the concentrations of T3, T4, AND TBG. There is no arteriovenous rT3 concentration difference across the placenta, therefore the cord rT3 reflects the systemic rT3 concentration in the baby at birth. As rT3 in the neonate largely, if not entirely, derives from thyroxine from the fetal thyroid, measurement of the cord rT3 concentration may be a good immediate screening test for neonatal hypothyroidism. (+info)Central hypothyroidism associated with retinoid X receptor-selective ligands. (8/2714)
BACKGROUND: The occurrence of symptomatic central hypothyroidism (characterized by low serum thyrotropin and thyroxine concentrations) in a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma during therapy with the retinoid X receptor-selective ligand bexarotene led us to hypothesize that such ligands could reversibly suppress thyrotropin production by a thyroid hormone-independent mechanism and thus cause central hypothyroidism. METHODS: We evaluated thyroid function in 27 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma who were enrolled in trials of high-dose oral bexarotene at one institution. In addition, we evaluated the in vitro effect of triiodothyronine, 9-cis-retinoic acid, and the retinoid X receptor-selective ligand LGD346 on the activity of the thyrotropin beta-subunit gene promoter. RESULTS: The mean serum thyrotropin concentration declined from 2.2 mU per liter at base line to 0.05 mU per liter during treatment with bexarotene (P<0.001), and the mean serum free thyroxine concentration declined from 1.0 ng per deciliter (12.9 pmol per liter) at base line to 0.45 ng per deciliter (5.8 pmol per liter) (P<0.001) during treatment. The degree of suppression of thyrotropin secretion tended to be greater in patients treated with higher doses of bexarotene (>300 mg per square meter of body-surface area per day) and in those with a history of treatment with interferon alfa. Nineteen patients had symptoms or signs of hypothyroidism, particularly fatigue and cold intolerance. The symptoms improved after the initiation of thyroxine therapy, and all patients became euthyroid after treatment with bexarotene was stopped. In vitro, LGD346 suppressed the activity of the thyrotropin beta-subunit gene promoter in thyrotrophs by as much as 50 percent, an effect similar to that of triiodothyronine and 9-cis-retinoic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Hypothyroidism may develop in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma who are treated with high-dose bexarotene, most likely because the retinoid X receptor-selective ligand suppresses thyrotropin secretion. (+info)
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Plus it
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Receptors11
- There are two thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors, thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRH1) which has been found in a number of species including rat, mouse and human [ PMID: 2175902 , PMID: 1377915 , PMID: 8395824 ] and thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (TRH2) which has, only been found in rodents [ PMID: 9822707 , PMID: 11181534 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors -- similarities and differences. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Regulator of G protein signaling 4 suppresses basal and thyrotropin releasing-hormone (TRH)-stimulated signaling by two mouse TRH receptors, TRH-R(1) and TRH-R(2). (ebi.ac.uk)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors activate phospholipase C by coupling to the guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins Gq and G11. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) regulates various physiological activities through activation of receptors expressed in a broad range of cells in the central nervous system. (nih.gov)
- Cell surface receptors that bind thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. (bioportfolio.com)
- The thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) belongs to a subgroup of G protein-coupled receptors comprising the TSHR, the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, and the lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor. (aspetjournals.org)
- In rat paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) neurons, activation of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) receptors enhances neuronal excitability via concurrent decrease in a GIRK-like conductance and opening of a cannabinoid receptor-sensitive transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)-like conductance. (physiology.org)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH) and its receptors are widely distributed throughout the hippocampus. (sid.ir)
- 4. Gershengorn MC, Osman R. (1996) Molecular and cellular biology of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors. (guidetopharmacology.org)
- 8. Itadani H, Nakamura T, Itoh J, Iwaasa H, Kanatani A, Borkowski J, Ihara M, Ohta M. (1998) Cloning and characterization of a new subtype of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Releasing Hormone58
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, also known as thyroliberin (TRH) stimulates the synthesis and release of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the anterior pituitary [ PMID: 4982117 , PMID: 4985794 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
- The identity of chemical and hormonal properties of the thyrotropin releasing hormone and pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline amide. (ebi.ac.uk)
- In vivo evaluation by differential pulse voltammetry of the effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on dopaminergic and serotoninergic synaptic activity in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of the rat. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Expression cloning of a cDNA encoding the mouse pituitary thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Cloning and expression of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor from GH3 rat anterior pituitary cells. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Molecular cloning of a functional human thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel subtype of rat thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor. (ebi.ac.uk)
- The G alpha q and G alpha 11 proteins couple the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor to phospholipase C in GH3 rat pituitary cells. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a hypophysiotropic hormone produced by neurons in the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin from the anterior pituitary. (wikipedia.org)
- thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor thyroid-stimulating hormone hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid axis hypothalamic-pituitary-prolactin axis Zhang J, Watanabe Y, Yamada S, Urayama A, Kimura R (2002). (wikipedia.org)
- Not to be confused with Thyrotropin-releasing hormone or Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor . (wikipedia.org)
- This gene encodes a member of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone family. (nih.gov)
- Cleavage of the encoded proprotein releases mature thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which is a tripeptide hypothalamic regulatory hormone. (nih.gov)
- The human proprotein contains six thyrotropin-releasing hormone tripeptides. (nih.gov)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is involved in the regulation and release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, as well as prolactin. (nih.gov)
- Cancer-related fatigue, inflammation and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. (nih.gov)
- To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcome until 2 years of age in children who participated in a multicenter antenatal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) trial to improve respiratory outcome and to lower mortality. (aappublications.org)
- In the present study, we investigated the functional and cellular effects of the neuropeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the spontaneously active ferret geniculate slice. (jneurosci.org)
- Whereas thyrotropin releasing hormone is rapidly and extensively degraded by plasma of adult rats, no appreciable loss of biological or immunological activity is caused by plasma from rats 4 or 16 days old. (sciencemag.org)
- The plasma of neonatal rats does not appear to contain an inhibitor of thyrotropin releasing hormone peptidase or a peptidase with altered substrate affinity. (sciencemag.org)
- The development of an active peptidase in rat plasma suggests a physiological role for inactivation of thyrotropin releasing hormone. (sciencemag.org)
- The thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-immune system homeostatic hypothesis. (biomedsearch.com)
- Decades of research have established that the biological functions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) extend far beyond its role as a regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. (biomedsearch.com)
- The thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) hypothesis of homeostatic regulation: implications for TRH-based therapeutics. (biomedsearch.com)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the neuroaxis: therapeutic effects reflect physiological functions and molecular actions. (biomedsearch.com)
- A sensitive and specific radioimmnunoassay has been used to measure the distribution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in rat brain. (sciencemag.org)
- Metabolically stable and centrally acting thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogues were designed by replacing the central histidine with substituted pyridinium moieties. (nih.gov)
- How does thyrotropin releasing hormone travel from the hypothalamus to wherever it needs to be? (healthtap.com)
- High concentrations of p-Glu-His-Pro-NH2 (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) occur in rat prostate. (biomedsearch.com)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) immunoreactivity occurs in high concentration within the rat prostate. (biomedsearch.com)
- Early treatment with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) at high doses improves neurologic recovery from experimental spinal injury in cats. (neurology.org)
- Patients are randomized to receive antenatal thyrotropin-releasing hormone or placebo. (bioportfolio.com)
- Patients receive thyrotropin-releasing hormone or placebo intravenously over 20 minutes every 8 hours for 4 doses. (bioportfolio.com)
- L-type calcium channels and MAP kinase contribute to thyrotropin-releasing hormone induced depolarization in thalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons. (physiology.org)
- Depletion of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) gene expression resulted in augmented tau and glycosynthetase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), in contrast, TRH administration resulted in decreases of 75% in GSK-3β and 90% in Tau phosphorylation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. (iospress.com)
- Abstract We report in the present study the effect of intrathecal treatment with antisense oligonucleotides complementary to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) receptor mRNA on the pressor response to intrathecal administration of TRH and on resting arterial blood pressure in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). (ahajournals.org)
- To investigate the influence of cholinergic pathways on somatostatin (SS) tone in type I diabetes mellitus, we studied the effect of the muscarinic receptor antagonist pirenzepine ([PZP] 100 mg orally) on spontaneous nocturnal growth hormone (GH) and thyrotropin (TSH) secretion and on their response to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in the morning in a group of nine insulin-dependent diabetic patients with poor diabetic control. (cun.es)
- The effects of iontophoretically applied thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on cat retinal brisk-sustained (X) and brisk-transient (Y) ganglion cells were studied in the intact eye in vivo . (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone deficiency is a rare condition in which the hypothalamus does not produce adequate amounts of a hormone called thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone deficiency is caused by a mutation or change in a gene that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- The main symptoms seen in thyrotropin-releasing hormone deficiency are due to hypothyroidism. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone deficiency is diagnosed by measuring the hormone levels in the body. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- Following organizations serve the condition "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone deficiency" for support, advocacy or research. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- Finding the right clinical trial for Thyrotropin-releasing hormone deficiency can be challenging. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- The terms "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone deficiency" returned 4 free, full-text research articles on human participants. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- Isolated idiopathic central hypothyroidism in an adult, possibly caused by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) deficiency. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- former name for thyrotropin-releasing hormone . (thefreedictionary.com)
- A canine and feline pituitary-thyroid function test based on thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation of endogenous thyrotropin is described. (avmi.net)
- The field of hair growth and hair restoration has introduced a new player to its lineup: TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone). (ushairtransplant.com)
- It's been shown that Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) is one of the crucial elements involved in the hair follicle growth cycle. (ushairtransplant.com)
- Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone is very closely situated to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. (ushairtransplant.com)
- Scientists have decided to study whether human hair follicle functions are also modulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone, because it's been found in human tissue. (ushairtransplant.com)
- They found stimulation of organ-cultured hair growth with thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates hair follicle elongation, prolongs the hair growth cycle phase (anagen), and antagonizes its termination by TGF-beta2. (ushairtransplant.com)
- So, we can conclude from the study that thyrotropin-releasing hormone operates as a legitimate potent hair-growth stimulator. (ushairtransplant.com)
- It's proven to be an ideal discovery tool for identifying functions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone are hair follicles. (ushairtransplant.com)
- 1987) Measurement of changes in cellular calcium metabolism in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. (guidetopharmacology.org)
- 1987) Measurement of lipid turnover in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. (guidetopharmacology.org)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a neuromodulator and possibly a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, was shown in a prior study of young normal volunteers to attenuate the memory impairment induced by the anticholinergic drug scopolamine. (elsevier.com)
TSHR7
- Graves' disease (GD) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, and thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSHR) is a major autoantigen in this condition. (frontiersin.org)
- Thyroid autoantigens, such as thyroglobulin (Tg), thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSHR), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and NIS have increased immunogenicity when they are iodinated, and glycosylated. (frontiersin.org)
- Glycosylation of the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) has been shown to be essential for correct protein folding and for cell-surface targeting. (aspetjournals.org)
- Thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) and Graves' disease (GD) have an autoimmune pathogenesis, possibly related to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). (bmj.com)
- 1, 2 The orbital autoantigen has not been conclusively identified, but a logical candidate is the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), since TAO is frequently associated with Graves' disease (GD) and indeed with patients having highest titres of TRAB. (bmj.com)
- Introduction: Activating mutations in thyrotropin receptor ( TSHR ) have been previously described in the context of non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism (familial or sporadic) and thyroid adenomas. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- In two siblings suffering from congenital hypothyroidism we identified a homozygous missence mutation Ala579Val in transmembrane helix 5 of the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) gene which motivated us to investigate molecular details of this mutation. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Recombinant human16
- Radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants after preparation with recombinant human thyrotropin in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: results of an international, randomized, controlled study. (semanticscholar.org)
- A single recombinant human thyrotropin-stimulated serum thyroglobulin measurement predicts differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastases three to five years later. (semanticscholar.org)
- Recombinant human thyrotropin-stimulated serum thyroglobulin combined with neck ultrasonography has the highest sensitivity in monitoring differentiated thyroid carcinoma. (semanticscholar.org)
- Management of papillary and follicular (differentiated) thyroid cancer: new paradigms using recombinant human thyrotropin. (semanticscholar.org)
- Diagnostic use of recombinant human thyrotropin in patients with thyroid carcinoma (phase I/II study). (semanticscholar.org)
- To assess the effects of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) aided radioiodine treatment for non-toxic multinodular goitre. (cochrane.org)
- Ma C, Xie J, Chen S, Su Q, Wang H. Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) aided radioiodine treatment for non-toxic multinodular goitre. (cochrane.org)
- Assessment of recombinant human thyrotropin application in following-up patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma]. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- In order to perform it, it is necessary to raise the level of endogenous tiroid-stimulating hormon (TSH), which can be achieved by L-thyroxine withdrawal for 3-5 weeks or administration of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) without requiring the discontinuation of thyroid hormone therapy. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Another therapeutic approach to prepare for radiation uses injections of technologically created (recombinant) human thyroid -stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH) to avoid the symptoms of a malfunctioning thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), which are caused by thyroid hormone withdrawal. (cochrane.org)
- The duration of the intervention (injections of recombinant human thyrotropin) was two days in all trials. (cochrane.org)
- We found no statistically significant differences between recombinant human thyrotropin and thyroid hormone withdrawal treatment in terms of successful reduction of thyroid remnants or cancer cells but significant benefits in radiation exposure to blood and bone marrow. (cochrane.org)
- Recombinant human thyrotropin versus thyroid hormone withdrawal in an Asian population. (physiciansweekly.com)
- To prepare for radioactive iodine therapy in post total thyroidectomy patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC), either thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) or administration of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) can be performed. (physiciansweekly.com)
- Comparison of 2 doses of recombinant human thyrotropin for thyroid function testing in healthy and suspected hypothyroid dogs. (uzh.ch)
- BACKGROUND: Various protocols using different doses of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) in TSH stimulation testing have been described. (uzh.ch)
Anterior pituitary1
- Its presence in the anterior pituitary gland may be involved in mediating the paracrine signaling feedback inhibition of thyrotropin along the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. (wikipedia.org)
Stimulation1
- Detection of residual and recurrent thyroid carcinoma requires long- term monitoring of patients with serum thyroglobulin measurement and radioiodine scanning during temporary thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation. (elsevier.com)
Secretion1
- Pharmacology - Thyrotropin increases iodine uptake by the thyroid gland and increases the production and secretion of thyroid hormones. (elephantcare.org)
Alfa17
- Thyrotropin alfa injection is a form of human thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). (drugs.com)
- Thyrotropin alfa is also used with radioactive iodine to remove any remaining diseased thyroid tissue in patients with thyroid cancer who have had most or all of their thyroid gland removed. (drugs.com)
- Thyrotropin alfa is to be given only by or under the immediate supervision of your doctor. (drugs.com)
- Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to thyrotropin alfa or any other medicines. (drugs.com)
- Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of thyrotropin alfa injection in children younger than 16 years of age. (drugs.com)
- Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of thyrotropin alfa injection in the elderly. (drugs.com)
- However, elderly patients are more likely to have arrhythmia or heart problems which may require caution in patients receiving thyrotropin alfa. (drugs.com)
- The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of thyrotropin alfa. (drugs.com)
- Before receiving thyrotropin alfa, make sure you understand all the risks and benefits. (drugs.com)
- A nurse or other trained health professional will give you thyrotropin alfa in a hospital or cancer treatment center. (drugs.com)
- Thyrotropin alfa is given as a shot into a muscle of the buttocks. (drugs.com)
- For your doctor to properly treat your medical condition, you must receive 2 doses of thyrotropin alfa . (drugs.com)
- It is very important that your doctor check you closely while you are receiving thyrotropin alfa. (drugs.com)
- The purpose of this study is to determine [for patients with previously treated well-differentiated thyroid cancer and evidence of residual disease based on serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level] whether positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) fusion scanning performed after recombinant TSH (rTSH, thyrotropin alfa for injection) will be more sensitive for the detection of disease sites than PET-CT scanning without rTSH. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Ablation with low-dose radioiodine and thyrotropin alfa in thyroid cancer. (semanticscholar.org)
- thyrotropin alfa a recombinant form of thyrotropin used as a diagnostic adjunct in serum thyroglobulin testing in followup of patients with thyroid cancer. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The medicines below all contain the following active ingredient(s): thyrotropin alfa. (healthdirect.gov.au)
Thyroxine4
- The thyrotropin receptor (or TSH receptor) is a receptor (and associated protein) that responds to thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as "thyrotropin") and stimulates the production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). (wikipedia.org)
- For patients receiving thyroid replacements, sensitive thyrotropin assays and a wide spectrum of thyroxine doses make dose adjustments a precise and seemingly easy matter. (acpjc.org)
- In patients with suppressed thyrotropin levels receiving thyroxine supplementation, the dose should be reduced whenever possible. (acpjc.org)
- It has been suggested that the thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)) stimulution test may be helpful in confirming a diagnosis of feline hyperthyroidism when the serum total thyroxine (T4) concentration is equivocal. (avmi.net)
Stimulates3
- A tripeptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of thyrotropin. (dictionary.com)
- A tripeptide that stimulates the release of THYROTROPIN and PROLACTIN. (bioportfolio.com)
- Donnini D et al F. Thyrotropin stimulates production of procoagulant and vasodilative factors in human aortic endothelial cells. (bmj.com)
Thyroglobulin3
- Which is the best predictor of thyroid cancer: thyrotropin, thyroglobulin or their ratio? (springer.com)
- AIM: To investigate the role of thyroglobulin (Tg), thyrotropin (TSH) and the TSH:Tg, Tg:TSH ratio in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer. (springer.com)
- McLeod DS, Cooper DS, Ladenson PW, et al, 2014 Prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer in relation to serum thyrotropin and thyroglobulin antibody status at time of diagnosis. (springer.com)
Hypothalamus1
- a small peptide hormone, produced by the hypothalamus, that controls the release of thyrotropin by the pituitary. (dictionary.com)
Value of thyrotropin1
- Prospective study of the spontaneous course of subclinical hypothyroidism: prognostic value of thyrotropin, thyroid reserve, and thyroid antibodies. (nih.gov)
Patients4
- Background Hypothyroidism has a higher prevalence in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients 1 and thyrotropin (TSH) receptor is widely expressed in human tissues 2 , included the skin 3 and the aorta 4 . (bmj.com)
- In humans, TSH is contraindicated in patients with coronary thrombosis, hypersensitive to bovine thyrotropin, or with untreated Addison's disease. (elephantcare.org)
- It is not known, however, if small and slow changes of calcium and/or parathyroid hormone (PTH) within the physiological range influence the serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormones in healthy subjects or patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). (lu.se)
- Ladenson, PW 1999, ' Strategies for thyrotropin use to monitor patients with treated thyroid carcinoma ', Thyroid , vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 429-433. (elsevier.com)
Human2
- Unlike thyrotropin, thyroid-stimulating antibodies do not activate phospholipase C in human thyroid slices. (jci.org)
- The effects of thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and of thyrotropin (TSH) were compared, on the generation of cyclic AMP and inositol phosphates (InsP), in human thyroid slices incubated in vitro, and on the Rapoport cyclic AMP bioassay. (jci.org)
Metabolism2
- The Natural Way To Increase Metabolism And Promote Weight Loss TRH's helps the thyroid gland produce thyrotropin. (antiaging-systems.com)
- The hormone in question is thyrotropin, the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that manages to activate seasonal sensing and regulate metabolism without any confusion. (medicaldaily.com)
Hormones2
- Commercially available thyrotropin is available as a lyophilized powder for reconstitution and is practically free of any adrenocorticotropic, somatotropic, go-nadotropic and posterior pituitary hormones. (elephantcare.org)
- Amide determinations have been carried out, with a newly developed g.l.c. method, on thyrotropin hormones prepared by isoelectric focusing. (mysciencework.com)
Regulates2
- Thyrotropin (TSH) regulates triiodothyronine (T3) production in the unicellular Tetrahymena. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Thyrotropin (TSH) regulates thyroid cell proliferation and function through cAMP-mediated signaling pathways that activate protein kinase A (PKA) and Epac/Rap1. (aspetjournals.org)
Molecular1
- Thyrotropin is a glycoprotein and has a molecular weight of approximately 28,000 - 30,000. (elephantcare.org)
Cloning1
- Cloning and Sequencing of Feline Thyrotropin (fTSH): Heterodimeric and Yoked Constructs. (avmi.net)
RTSH1
- Recombinant thyrotropin (rTSH) permits these studies to be performed without the morbidity associated with withdrawal of thyroid hormone therapy. (elsevier.com)
Hypothyroidism1
- The aim of this study was to investigate the blood concentration of thyrotropin (TSH) observed at neonatal screening of infants with DS and its possible association with development of hypothyroidism during childhood. (diva-portal.org)
Assay1
- The authors used a common thyrotropin reference range of 0.45-4.49 mIU/L for all cohorts except for the Whickham Survey (in which authors used a reference range of 0.5-5.9 mIU/L because the first-generation thyrotropin assay used in that study yields consistently higher levels than measurements of current assays). (acc.org)
Neonatal2
- De International Society for Neonatal Screening (ISNS) heeft eerder goede ervaringen opgedaan met het laten bereiden van referentiematerialen in filtreerpapierbloed en het overreden van fabrikanten om deze materialen te gebruiken als maatstaf. (openrepository.com)
- Detection of thyrotropin binding inhibitory activity in neonatal blood" by Rosalind S. Brown, Ronald L. Bellisario et al. (umassmed.edu)