Thiram
Dimethyldithiocarbamate
Fungicides, Industrial
Carbofuran
Scabies
Encyclopedias as Topic
Neurotoxicity and behavioral effects of thiram in rats. (1/21)
Eight of 24 female rats fed 66.9 mg/kg-day of thiram developed neurotoxicity. The neurotoxic effects were characterized by ataxia and paralysis of the hind legs. There were demyelination, degeneration of the axis cylinders, and presence of macrophages in the nerve bundle of the sciatic nerve. Degeneration in the ventral horn of the lower lumbar region of the spinal cord was evidenced by chromatolysis of motorneurons, pyknosis, and satellitosis. During a second experiment, 4 of 24 females fed 65.8 mg/kg--day also developed ataxia and paralysis. An additional 9 females showed clasping of the hind feet when picked up by the tail. Nerve conduction could not be measured for one severely ataxic rat and the electromyogram indicated a loss of motor unit function. Histopathology of this rat, along with the others, suggests the peripheral nerve as the primary site of the lesion. Thiram also caused behavioral changes in apparently normal rats. The walking pattern of the hind legs was altered with decreases in stride width and the angle between contralateral steps. These rats required significantly more shock-motivations and cleared a lower height in a jump/climb ability test. An open-field study indicated that thiram caused hyperactivity in the nonataxic rats of both sexes. Three of 24 rats fed 95.8 mg/kg-day of ferbam also developed ataxia or paralysis. (+info)Thiram inhibits angiogenesis and slows the development of experimental tumours in mice. (2/21)
Thiram-tetramethylthiuram disulphide--a chelator of heavy metals, inhibited DNA synthesis and induced apoptosis in cultured bovine capillary endothelial cells. Bovine capillary endothelial cells were 10-60-fold more sensitive to thiram than other cell types. These effects were prevented by addition of antioxidants, indicating involvement of reactive oxygen species. Exogenously added Cu2+ impeded specifically and almost completely the inhibitory effect of thiram for bovine capillary endothelial cells. Moreover, thiram had markedly inhibited human recombinant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase enzymatic activity (85%) in vitro. Moreover, PC12-SOD cells with elevated Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase were less sensitive to thiram treatment than control cells. These data indicate that the effects of thiram are mediated by inhibition of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity. Oral administration of thiram (13-30 microg mouse(-1)), inhibited angiogenesis in CD1 nude mice. Tumour development is known to largely depend on angiogenesis. We found that oral administration of thiram (30 microg) to mice caused significant inhibition of C6 glioma tumour development (60%) and marked reduction (by 3-5-fold) in metastatic growth of Lewis lung carcinoma. The data establish thiram as a potential inhibitor of angiogenesis and raise the possibility for its use as therapy in pathologies in which neovascularisation is involved, including neoplasia. (+info)Investigation of deaths in an area of groundnut plantations in Casamance, South of Senegal after exposure to Carbofuran, Thiram and Benomyl. (3/21)
Between May and October 2000, the Regional Health Office of Kolda Region in the south of Senegal, West Africa, reported an epidemic of an unknown illness characterized by thoracic pain, dyspnea and edemas of limb and face. The epidemic covered a radius of approximately 40 km (24 miles) between the districts of Kolda and Sedhiou in Kolda Region. Cases were mostly men whose age ranged between 12 and 60 years old. Investigation revealed that they had been exposed to pesticides distributed by the government to groundnut farmers. The signs and symptoms suggested intoxication with carbamates, carbofurans, and possibly thiram, contained in the pesticides distributed with the groundnut seeds. Government distribution created an excessive use of pesticides in the farms, and consequently an overexposure of the subjects who handled the seeders, especially young males but also a small proportion of women who worked in the groundnut fields. Many of these subjects, not accustomed to handle pesticides, came to overestimate the quantity of product to fill the seeder. It should be noted that the policy of distribution of pesticides in Senegal, which presents risk of poisoning, was not systematically accompanied by sufficient information on the danger of the products and of certain precautions that should be taken during their use. (+info)Abnormal fertilization is responsible for reduced fecundity following thiram-induced ovulatory delay in the rat. (4/21)
Brief exposure to some pesticides, applied during a sensitive window for the neural regulation of ovulation, will block the preovulatory surge of LH and, thus, delay ovulation. Previously, we have shown that a single i.p. injection of 50 mg/kg of thiram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide that decreases norepinephrine synthesis, on proestrus (1300 h) suppresses the LH surge and delays ovulation for 24 h without altering the number of oocytes released. However, when bred, the treated dams had a decreased litter size and increased postimplantation loss. We hypothesized that the reduced litter size in thiram-delayed rats was a consequence of altered oocyte function arising from intrafollicular oocyte aging. To test this hypothesis, we examined delayed oocytes, zygotes, and 2-cell embryos for evidence of fertilization and polyspermy. In addition, we used confocal laser-scanning microscopy to evaluate and characterize cortical granule localization in oocytes and release in zygotes, because the cortical granule response is a major factor in the normal block to polyspermy. Our results demonstrate that a thiram-induced, 24-h delay in ovulation alters the fertilizability of the released oocyte. Although no apparent morphological differences were observed in the unfertilized mature oocytes released following the thiram-induced delay, the changes observed following breeding include a significant decrease in the percentage of fertilized oocytes, a significant increase in polyspermic zygotes (21%), and a 10-fold increase in the number of supernumerary sperm in the perivitelline space. Importantly, all the polyspermic zygotes exhibited an abnormal pattern of cortical granule exudate, suggestive of a relationship between abnormal cortical reaction and the polyspermy in the delayed zygotes. Because polyspermy is associated with polyploidy, abnormal development, and early embryonic death, the observed polyspermy could explain the abnormal development and decreased litter size that we observed previously following thiram-delayed ovulation. (+info)Photodegradation and flow-injection determination of dithiocarbamate fungicides in natural water with chemiluminescence detection. (5/21)
A simple and rapid flow-injection method is reported for the determination of dithiocarbamate fungicides (maneb, nabam and thiram) based on chemiluminescence detection. The method involves the photodegradation of dithiocarbamate fungicides via UV light in an alkaline medium. Photoproducts are then reacted with luminol in the absence of an oxidant. Linear calibration graphs were obtained in the range 0.01 - 4.0 mg L(-1) for maneb and nabam and 0.05 - 1.0 mg L(-1) for thiram with relative standard deviations (n = 4) in the range 1.0 - 2.6%. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of maneb, nabam and thiram were 10, 8.0 and 5.0 ng mL(-1), respectively, with a sample throughput of 100 h(-1). The method was successfully applied to determine these dithiocarbamate fungicides in spiked natural water samples. (+info)Expression of matrix metalloproteinases during impairment and recovery of the avian growth plate. (6/21)
(+info)Contact allergy to thiurams: multifactorial analysis of clinical surveillance data collected by the IVDK network. (7/21)
(+info)Inhibitory mechanism of novel inhibitors of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase from Haemophilus influenzae. (8/21)
Bacterial UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) catalyzes the transfer of enolpyruvate from phosphoenolphyruvate (PEP) to uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UNAG), which is the first step of bacterial cell wall synthesis. We identified thimerosal, thiram, and ebselen as effective inhibitors of Heamophilus influenzae MurA by screening a chemical library that consisted of a wide range of bioactive compounds. When MurA was preincubated with these inhibitors, their 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) were found to range from 0.1 to 0.7 microM. In particular, thimerosal suppressed the growth of several different Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium at a concentration range of 1-2 microg/ml. These inhibitors covalently modified the cysteine residue near the active site of MurA. This modification changed the open conformation of MurA to a more closed configuration, which may have prevented the necessary conformational change from occurring during the enzyme reaction. (+info)Thiram is not typically considered a medical term, but it is a chemical compound that has been used in some medical and healthcare settings. Thiram is an organic compound that belongs to the class of chemicals known as dithiocarbamates. It is primarily used as a fungicide to prevent fungal growth on crops such as potatoes, beans, and nuts.
In medical contexts, thiram has been used in some topical creams and ointments as an antifungal agent to treat skin conditions like athlete's foot and ringworm. However, its use in medicine is relatively limited due to concerns about its potential toxicity and environmental impact.
It is important to note that the use of thiram in topical medications has declined over time, and it is not commonly used in modern medical practice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for accurate information regarding medical treatments and therapies.
Dimethyldithiocarbamate is a chemical compound with the formula (CH3)2NCS2-. It is a salt or ester of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. This compound is used in various industrial and agricultural applications, such as a fungicide and a corrosion inhibitor.
In medical contexts, dimethyldithiocarbamate compounds have been studied for their potential therapeutic effects. For example, some derivatives of dimethyldithiocarbamate have been shown to have antioxidant properties and may help protect against oxidative stress in the body. Additionally, certain dimethyldithiocarbamate compounds have been investigated for their potential anti-inflammatory effects and may be useful in treating conditions associated with chronic inflammation.
However, it is important to note that dimethyldithiocarbamate compounds can also have toxic effects on the body, particularly at high doses. Therefore, they must be used carefully and under medical supervision if they are to be used for therapeutic purposes.
Industrial fungicides are antimicrobial agents used to prevent, destroy, or inhibit the growth of fungi and their spores in industrial settings. These can include uses in manufacturing processes, packaging materials, textiles, paints, and other industrial products. They work by interfering with the cellular structure or metabolic processes of fungi, thereby preventing their growth or reproduction. Examples of industrial fungicides include:
* Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
* Formaldehyde
* Glutaraldehyde
* Quaternary ammonium compounds
* Peracetic acid
* Chlorhexidine
* Iodophors
It's important to note that some of these fungicides can be harmful or toxic to humans and other organisms, so they must be used with caution and in accordance with safety guidelines.
Carbofuran is a highly toxic systemic pesticide that belongs to the carbamate family. It is used primarily to control insects in soil before planting and on crops after emergence. Carbofuran works by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase, which leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine and results in overstimulation of the nervous system in insects, ultimately causing their death.
In humans, exposure to carbofuran can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, headache, dizziness, visual disturbances, and muscle twitching. In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory failure, convulsions, and even death. Carbofuran is classified as a Category I toxic pesticide by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States, indicating that it is highly hazardous.
Due to its high toxicity and potential for environmental harm, carbofuran has been banned or restricted in many countries around the world. In the United States, the use of carbofuran on food crops was phased out in 2009, and its registration for most uses was canceled in 2010. However, it is still used in some parts of the world for non-food crop applications.
Scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by the infestation of the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis). The female mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin, where it lays its eggs and causes an intensely pruritic (itchy) rash. The rash is often accompanied by small red bumps and blisters, typically found in areas such as the hands, wrists, elbows, armpits, waistline, genitals, and buttocks. Scabies is transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual or through sharing of contaminated items like bedding or clothing. It can affect people of all ages, races, and socioeconomic backgrounds, but it is particularly common in crowded living conditions, nursing homes, and child care facilities. Treatment usually involves topical medications or oral drugs that kill the mites and their eggs, as well as thorough cleaning and laundering of bedding, clothing, and towels to prevent reinfestation.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
In the context of medical definitions, "suspensions" typically refers to a preparation in which solid particles are suspended in a liquid medium. This is commonly used for medications that are administered orally, where the solid particles disperse upon shaking and settle back down when left undisturbed. The solid particles can be made up of various substances such as drugs, nutrients, or other active ingredients, while the liquid medium is often water, oil, or alcohol-based.
It's important to note that "suspensions" in a medical context should not be confused with the term as it relates to pharmacology or physiology, where it may refer to the temporary stopping of a bodily function or the removal of something from a solution through settling or filtration.
Thiram
Dimethyldithiocarbamate
Phomopsis obscurans
Thiuram disulfide
Monsanto
Macrophomina phaseolina
Agriculture in Florida
Spirostomum
Ditylenchus destructor
Spot blotch (wheat)
Seed treatment
List of Masonic abbreviations
Agapanthus africanus
Luwang
Colletotrichum capsici
Hathiram Bhavaji
List of drugs: Tf-Th
List of MeSH codes (D02)
ATC code P03
Strawberry cultivation in California
Rotterdam Convention
List of fungicides
Index of pesticide articles
IARC group 3
Thiram - Wikipedia
Thiram, CAS # 137-26-8 - AccuStandard Europe
Navigating the Thiram Market: Prices, Analysis, and Forecasts - Instantmagazine
Supply Seed dressing Chlorpyrifos + Thiram, Chlorpyrifos + Thiram 25% + 25% DS, , pesticide suppliers
Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards (81-123) | NIOSH | CDC
ORS 634.415 - Rules to insure adequate precautionary measures in use of thiram in reforestation
Identification and Management of Turfgrass Diseases | MU Extension
Non-lethal Deer Deterrents
Protective effect of rutin against thiram-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. | Pestic Biochem...
Disulfiram
EUR-Lex - 32008R1213 - EN - EUR-Lex
Haitians Challenge Monsanto's Influence | Truthout
Chapter 296-62 WAC
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Botrytis - Control of Botrytis Disease of Plants. | Kiwicare
Sanofi Pasteur Biologics Co Product News and Research | CureHunter
Human Gene PIGL (ENST00000225609.10) from GENCODE V44
Gateway on Pesticide Hazards and Safe Pest Management - Beyond Pesticides
Products By Agrovet & Pesticides | Square Pharmaceuticals PLC.
Onion Crop Cultivation Guide | Onion Farming | Indiaagronet
Products By Agrovet & Pesticides | Square Pharmaceuticals PLC.
Garden Guides | How to Stop Squirrels From Eating Siding
SciELO - Summa Phytopathologica, Volume: 48, Issue: 3, Published: 2022
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Indian eggplant ( brinjal ) seeds-#EP1594-White Egg F1 (印度袖珍白圆茄种子)
Jitendra Paliwal | Price Faculty of Engineering | University of Manitoba
Fungicide5
- Thiram is a type of sulfur fungicide. (wikipedia.org)
- Thiram, a widely-used fungicide and insecticide, plays a crucial role in modern agriculture. (instantmagazine.co.uk)
- Thiram is a fungicide that is used to prevent fungal diseases in seeds and crops and also as an animal repellent. (bvsalud.org)
- Photodegradation of the fungicide thiram in aqueous solutions. (ua.pt)
- These seeds are treated with a fungicide (Thiram or Apron XL), do not eat the seeds or feed them to animals. (mrfothergills.com.au)
Ziram1
- To investigate whether carbamate pesticides also induce apoptosis in human T lymphocytes, in the present study Jurkat human T cells were treated in vitro with thiram, maneb, carbaryl or ziram. (researchgate.net)
Cytotoxicity1
- Protective effect of rutin against thiram-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. (bvsalud.org)
Reforestation3
- The Workers' Compensation Board shall as a result of the study direct the Occupational Health Section to promulgate rules and regulations to insure that adequate precautionary measures and procedures are followed during the use of thiram in reforestation operations. (public.law)
- Health hazard evaluation determination report: composite report on thiram for HHE-75-188-353, Challenge Reforestation, Inc., Falls City, Oregon. (cdc.gov)
- A health hazard evaluation determination performed at the Challenge Reforestation tree farm (SIC-0821) facility revealed that the Thiram levels in the breathing zone of tree planters, during the actual planting of Thiram treated trees, were lower than the levels prescribed by the prevailing standards. (cdc.gov)
Mitigate1
- These results suggest that rutin can be used to mitigate thiram -induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes . (bvsalud.org)
Seeds1
- Some of the seeds were coated with a chemical (Thiram) [1] so toxic that the EPA forbids its sale to home gardeners in the U.S.. Monsanto announced its $4 million gift was "to support the reconstruction effort" in Haiti . (truthout.org)
Chemical1
- An alternative is commercially available repellent containing Thiram, a chemical that is highly distasteful to squirrels. (gardenguides.com)
Products2
- Thiram is an essential component of many crop protection products, making it a key input in the agricultural industry. (instantmagazine.co.uk)
- The introduction of new, more efficient production methods or alternative crop protection products could influence Thiram prices. (instantmagazine.co.uk)
Human3
- Thiram has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sun screen and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap. (wikipedia.org)
- We have previously shown that thiram causes oxidative damage in human erythrocytes . (bvsalud.org)
- The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of rutin against thiram -induced damage in human erythrocytes . (bvsalud.org)
Disease2
- Thiram is applied to the seed for disease control and protection against multiple seedborne and soilborne fungi. (panamseed.com)
- Uses Thiram for general seedling disease control and Allegiance for protection against downy mildew. (panamseed.com)
Treatment4
- Treatment of erythrocytes with 0.5 mM thiram for 4 h increased the level of oxidative stress markers, decreased antioxidant power and lowered the activity of antioxidant and membrane bound enzymes . (bvsalud.org)
- However, prior treatment of erythrocytes with rutin (0.5, 1 and 2 mM) for 2 h, followed by 4 h incubation with 0.5 mM thiram , led to a decrease in the level of oxidative stress markers in a rutin concentration-dependent manner. (bvsalud.org)
- Thiram seed treatment is an industry standard with contact activity against multiple seedborne and soilborne fungi in vegetables and sugarbeets. (bayer.us)
- Thiram Liquid is a seed treatment for chickpeas and lupins. (barmac.com.au)
Studies1
- See more studies on Thiram and. (naturalnews.com)
Higher1
- Medical examination of tree planters showed the planters who had been working with Thiram had a higher Thiram blood concentration than those planters with no prior Thiram exposure. (cdc.gov)
Blog1
- In this blog, we will delve into Thiram prices, conduct a price analysis, and provide a forecast for its future pricing trends. (instantmagazine.co.uk)
Highly1
- Thiram is moderately toxic by ingestion, but it is highly toxic if inhaled. (wikipedia.org)
Source1
- Thiram is also used as a sulfur source and secondary accelerator the sulfur vulcanization of rubbers. (wikipedia.org)
Carbendazim1
- We found dermal absorption estimations close to the AOEL reference values for the pesticides carbendazim, mancozeb, thiram and mandipropamide during the study period. (uni-muenchen.de)
Carboxin1
- It is a broad spectrum systemic(Carboxin 17.5%) and contact (Thiram 17.5%) fungicide for the control of both seed and soilborne diseases. (dhanuka.com)
Thiuram disulfide2
- Thiram is the simplest thiuram disulfide and the oxidized dimer of dimethyldithiocarbamate. (wikipedia.org)
- 13. Effect of tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (thiram) in relation to tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens. (nih.gov)
Pesticides1
- Using a portable Raman device, the PIERS substrate can detect a variety of organic substances, such as antiseptics (crystal violet) and pesticides (Carbaryl, Phoxim, and Thiram) with a low limit of detection. (chemistryviews.org)
Inhibitor1
- 10. Hsp90 inhibitor celastrol reinstates growth plate angiogenesis in thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia. (nih.gov)
Pesticide1
- CHARGE: 402(a) (2) the article was a raw agricultural commodity and when shipped, it bore and contained a pesticide chemical, namely, thiram, which is unsafe within the meaning of 408 since no tolerance or exemption from the requirement of a tolerance for such pesticide chemical on shelled corn has been prescribed. (nih.gov)
Abstract1
- 1993. Impairment of reproductive health in women occupationally exposed to thiram [Abstract]. (cdc.gov)
Type1
- Thiram is a type of sulfur fungicide. (wikipedia.org)
Study1
- An open-field study indicated that thiram caused hyperactivity in the nonataxic rats of both sexes. (nih.gov)
Search1
- Your search - thiram - did not match any resources. (muni.cz)
Skin1
- Thiram has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sun screen and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap. (wikipedia.org)
Profile1
- 16. Identification of differentially expressed MiRNAs profile in a thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia. (nih.gov)
Evaluation2
- Health hazard evaluation determination report: composite report on thiram for HHE-75-137-354, The Hoedads, Eugene, Oregon. (cdc.gov)
- A health hazard evaluation determination performed at the Hoedads tree farm (SIC-0821) facility failed to demonstrate the presence of Thiram (137268) in the breathing zone of tree planters. (cdc.gov)
Normal1
- The blood pressure of the workers were normal and none had measurable levels of Thiram in the blood. (cdc.gov)