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An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.
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Lasers with a semiconductor diode as the active medium. Diode lasers transform electric energy to light using the same principle as a light-emitting diode (LED), but with internal reflection capability, thus forming a resonator where a stimulated light can reflect back and forth, allowing only a certain wavelength to be emitted. The emission of a given device is determined by the active compound used (e.g., gallium arsenide crystals doped with aluminum or indium). Typical wavelengths are 810, 1,060 and 1,300 nm. (From UMDNS, 2005)
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A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
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Microbial desulfurization of organic sulfur compounds in petroleum. (1/1894)
Sulfur removal from petroleum is important from the standpoint of the global environment because the combustion of sulfur compounds leads to the production of sulfur oxides, which are the source of acid rain. As the regulations for sulfur in fuels become more stringent, the existing chemical desulfurizations are coming inadequate for the "deeper desulfurization" to produce lower-sulfur fuels without new and innovative processes. Biodesulfurization is rising as one of the candidates. Several microorganisms were found to desulfurize dibenzothiophene (DBT), a representative of the organic sulfur compounds in petroleum, forming a sulfur-free compound, 2-hydroxybiphenyl. They are promising as biocatalysts in the microbial desulfurization of petroleum because without assimilation of the carbon content, they remove only sulfur from the heterocyclic compounds which is refractory to conventional chemical desulfurization. Both enzymological and molecular genetic studies are now in progress for the purpose of obtaining improved desulfurization activity of organisms. The genes involved in the sulfur-specific DBT desulfurization were identified and the corresponding enzymes have been investigated. From the practical point of view, it has been proved that the microbial desulfurization proceeds in the presence of high concentrations of hydrocarbons, and more complicated DBT analogs are also desulfurized by the microorganisms. This review outlines the progress in the studies of the microbial desulfurization from the basic and practical point of view. (+info)5-HT2B-receptor antagonist LY-272015 is antihypertensive in DOCA-salt-hypertensive rats. (2/1894)
We previously demonstrated a change in the receptors mediating 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced contraction in arteries of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-hypertensive rats. Specifically, contraction to 5-HT is mediated primarily by 5-HT2A receptors in arteries from normotensive sham rats and by both 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors in arteries from hypertensive rats. We hypothesized that the 5-HT2B receptor may play a role in maintaining the high blood pressure of DOCA-salt-hypertensive rats, and herein we provide data connecting in vitro and in vivo findings. The endothelium-denuded isolated superior mesenteric artery of DOCA-salt rats displayed a marked increase in maximum contraction to the newly available 5-HT2B-receptor agonist BW-723C86 compared with that of arteries from sham rats, confirming that the 5-HT2B receptor plays a greater role in 5-HT-induced contraction in arteries from DOCA-salt rats. In chronically instrumented rats, the 5-HT2B-receptor antagonist LY-272015 (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg iv at 30-min intervals) was given cumulatively 1 time/wk during 4 wk of continued DOCA-salt treatment. LY-272015 did not reduce blood pressure of the sham-treated rats at any time or dose. However, LY-272015 (1.0 and 3. 0 mg/kg) significantly reduced mean blood pressure in a subgroup of week 3 (-20 mmHg) and week 4 DOCA-salt (-40 mmHg) rats that had extremely high blood pressure (mean arterial blood pressure approximately 200 mmHg). Blockade of 5-HT2B receptors by in vivo administration of LY-272015 (3.0 mg/kg) was verified by observing reduced 5-HT-induced contraction in rat stomach fundus, the tissue from which the 5-HT2B receptor was originally cloned. These data support the novel hypothesis that 5-HT2B-receptor expression is induced during the development of DOCA-salt hypertension and contributes to the maintenance of severe blood pressure elevations. (+info)Cleavage of the HER2 ectodomain is a pervanadate-activable process that is inhibited by the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1 in breast cancer cells. (3/1894)
HER2/neu, a Mr 185,000 tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in breast cancer, undergoes proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular domain (ECD). In contrast with other membrane-bound proteins, including growth factor receptors, that are cleaved by a common machinery system, we show that HER2 cleavage is a slow process and is not activated by protein kinase C. Pervanadate, a general inhibitor of protein-tyrosine phosphatases, induces a rapid and potent shedding of HER2 ECD. The shedding of HER2 ECD is inhibited by the broad-spectrum metalloprotease inhibitors EDTA, TAPI-2, and batimastat. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1; an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases that does not inhibit cleavage by the general protein kinase C-dependent shedding machinery, also inhibited HER2 ECD shedding, whereas tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-2 did not. These data suggest that HER2 cleavage is a process regulated by an as-yet-unidentified distinct protease. (+info)Phase I study of intrapleural batimastat (BB-94), a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, in the treatment of malignant pleural effusions. (4/1894)
Tumor cells and associated stromal cells secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), contributing to invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Batimastat (BB-94) is a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor that causes resolution of ascites and/or tumor growth delay in animal models of breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer. We recruited 18 patients with cytologically positive malignant pleural effusions into a Phase I study of intrapleural BB-94. Three patients received single doses of BB-94 at each dose level: 15, 30, 60, 105, 135, and 300 mg/m2. Two patients were retreated with a second course at 60 and 105 mg/m2. BB-94 was detectable in plasma 1 h after intrapleural administration, and peak levels of 20-200 ng/ml occurred after 4 h to 1 week. BB-94 persisted in the plasma for up to 12 weeks, at levels exceeding the IC50s for target MMPs. Peak values were higher, and persistence in the plasma was longer after higher doses of BB-94. The treatment was well tolerated. Toxic effects included low-grade fever for 24-48 h (6 of 18 patients, 33%) and reversible asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes (8 patients, 44%). Toxicity seemed unrelated to BB-94 dose or plasma levels. Sixteen patients evaluable for response required significantly fewer pleural aspirations in the 3 months after BB-94 compared with the 3 months before. Seven patients (44%) required no further pleural aspiration until death/last follow-up. After 1 month, patients treated with 60-300 mg/m2 BB-94 had significantly better dyspnea scores, indicating improved exercise tolerance, compared with baseline scores the day after BB-94. The maximum tolerated intrapleural dose remains to be defined, but it is clear that intrapleural BB-94 is well tolerated, with evidence of local activity. (+info)Limited anti-inflammatory efficacy of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibition in carrageenan-airpouch inflammation. (5/1894)
1. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed at sites of inflammation and is believed to be the major source of inflammation-associated prostaglandin synthesis. Selective inhibition of COX-2 has been suggested to produce anti-inflammatory effects with reduced toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract. We examined the extent to which suppression of COX-2 led to inhibition of various components of inflammation in the carrageenan-airpouch model in the rat. 2. Indomethacin (> or =0.3 mg kg(-1)), nimesulide (> or =3 mg kg(-1)) and the selective COX-2 inhibitor, SC-58125 (> or =0.3 mg kg(-1)), significantly suppressed the production of prostaglandin E2 at the site of inflammation. At higher doses, indomethacin (> or =1 mg kg(-1)) and nimesulide (30 mg kg(-1)), but not SC-58125 (up to 10 mg kg(-1)), significantly inhibited COX-1 activity (as measured by whole blood thromboxane synthesis). 3. All three test drugs significantly reduced the volume of exudate in the airpouch, but only at doses greater than those required for substantial (>90%) suppression of COX-2 activity. Similarly, reduction of leukocyte infiltration was only observed with the doses of indomethacin and nimesulide that caused significant suppression of COX-1 activity. 4. SC-58125 did not significantly affect leukocyte infiltration into the airpouch at any dose tested (up to 10 mg kg(-1)). A second selective COX-2 inhibitor, Dup-697, was also found to suppress exudate PGE2 levels without significant effects on leukocyte infiltration. 5. These results indicate that selective inhibition of COX-2 results in profound suppression of PGE2 synthesis in the carrageenan-airpouch, but does not affect leukocyte infiltration. Exudate volume was only reduced with the highly selective COX-2 inhibitor when a dose far above that necessary for suppression of COX-2 activity was used. Inhibition of leukocyte infiltration was observed with indomethacin and nimesulide, but only at doses that inhibited both COX-1 and COX-2. (+info)Effects of angiogenesis inhibitors on multistage carcinogenesis in mice. (6/1894)
Solid tumors depend on angiogenesis for their growth. In a transgenic mouse model of pancreatic islet cell carcinogenesis (RIP1-Tag2), an angiogenic switch occurs in premalignant lesions, and angiogenesis persists during progression to expansive solid tumors and invasive carcinomas. RIP1-Tag2 mice were treated so as to compare the effects of four angiogenesis inhibitors at three distinct stages of disease progression. AGM-1470, angiostatin, BB-94, and endostatin each produced distinct efficacy profiles in trials aimed at preventing the angiogenic switch in premalignant lesions, intervening in the rapid expansion of small tumors, or inducing the regression of large end-stage cancers. Thus, anti-angiogenic drugs may prove most efficacious when they are targeted to specific stages of cancer. (+info)Marked suppression of T cells by a benzothiophene derivative in patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. (7/1894)
In a search for new anti-autoimmune agents that selectively suppress activation of autoreactive T cells, one such agent, 5-methyl-3-(1-methylethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide (CI-959-A), was found to be effective. This compound, which is known to suppress tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced CD54 expression, inhibited the primary proliferative response of the T cell to antigen (Ag)-presenting cells (APCs) including allogenic dendritic cells (DCs), autologous Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells, and human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T cells. Autoreactive T cells from patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) spontaneously proliferate in vitro, and their activation is reported to be associated with CD54 expression. The spontaneous proliferation of T cells from patients with HAM/TSP was entirely blocked by CI-959-A. However, in this study, the T-cell proliferation in 15 patients with HAM/TSP was found to depend more extensively on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD86 than on CD54 Ags. Since most important APCs for the development of HAM/TSP are DCs and HTLV-I-infected T cells, the effect of CI-959-A on DC generation and on the expression of surface molecules on activated T cells is examined. CI-959-A suppressed recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)- and recombinant interleukin-4-dependent differentiation of DCs from monocytes and inhibited the expression of CD54 and, more extensively, MHC class II and CD86 Ags. CI-959-A showed little toxicity toward lymphoma or HTLV-I-infected T-cell lines or toward monocytes and cultured DCs. These results suggest that CI-959-A might be a potent anti-HAM/TSP agent. (+info)Dorzolamide effect on ocular blood flow. (8/1894)
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of dorzolamide on ocular blood flow in normal and glaucomatous eyes. METHODS: Twenty-six eyes with documented open-angle glaucoma of 26 patients and 13 normal control eyes of 8 age-matched subjects were included in this study. All eyes underwent color Doppler imaging for measuring peak-systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, and resistance index in the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries and the maximal and minimal velocities in the central retinal vein. Eyes were grouped in control and initial and advanced glaucoma categories. Measurements were made in all groups before and after application of topical dorzolamide. Intragroup comparisons between baseline and dorzolamide conditions were made using paired Student's t-test. Intergroup comparisons under baseline conditions between normal and glaucomatous eyes were made by using the one-way ANOVA test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The peak-systolic velocity of the central retinal artery in glaucomatous eyes and the end-diastolic velocity of the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries in all groups were significantly higher after application of dorzolamide. The minimal velocity of the central retinal vein showed significantly higher values after dorzolamide, whereas the maximal velocity remained unchanged. The peak-systolic velocity of the ophthalmic artery in all groups and the peak-systolic velocity of the central retinal artery in normal eyes also remained unchanged. The resistance index was significantly lower in the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries in all groups after dorzolamide. The intraocular pressure was significantly reduced in all groups after dorzolamide. Under baseline conditions normal control eyes and glaucomatous eyes showed differences in various measurements. Peak-systolic velocity was significantly lower in glaucomatous eyes than in normal control eyes with the exception of the ophthalmic artery in the initial glaucoma group. End-diastolic velocity was lower in glaucomatous eyes than in control eyes in both arteries. Maximal and minimal velocities of the central retinal vein were lower in glaucomatous eyes than in normal control eyes. Resistance index was higher in glaucomatous eyes than in normal control eyes in the ophthalmic artery but not in the central retinal artery. CONCLUSIONS: Most hemodynamic parameters of intraocular and periocular vessels improve after application of topical dorzolamide in both normal control and glaucomatous eyes. Dorzolamide should be regarded as a useful drug for treatment of glaucoma not only because it reduces intraocular pressure but also because it improves the ocular blood supply. (+info)
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Thienothiophene
In order of importance, they are: thieno(3,2-b)thiophene, thieno(2,3-b)thiophene, and thieno(3,4-b)thiophene. Other isomers ... Thieno[2,3-b]thiophene CAS RN 250-84-0 b.p. 102 °C at 16 mmHg colorless oil. Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene CAS RN 250-65-7 m.p. 7.0- ... Thieno[2,3-b]thiophene was the first member of the series to be isolated. It was obtained in very low yield upon heating citric ... 2λ4δ2-Thieno[3,4-c]thiophene CAS RN 24976-21-4 not isolated. Cava, Michael P.; Lakshmikantham, M. V. (1975). "Nonclassical ...
Thiopropamine
... and Complete Characterization of Thiophene S-Oxide Dimers and Evidence for Thiophene S-Oxide as an Intermediate in Thiophene ... "Evidence for thiophene-S-oxide as a primary reactive metabolite of thiophene in vivo: formation of a dihydrothiophene sulfoxide ... Thiopropamine is a stimulant drug which is an analogue of amphetamine where the phenyl ring has been replaced by thiophene. It ... Campaigne E, McCarthy WC (September 1954). "3-Substituted Thiophenes. VIII. 3-Thienylalkylamines". Journal of the American ...
Benzothiophene
In addition to benzo[b]thiophene, a second isomer is known: benzo[c]thiophene. Benzothiophene finds use in research as a ... thiophenes, and Thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes". Organic Letters. American Chemical Society (ACS). 13 (15): 4100-4103. doi:10.1021/ ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Cava, Michael P.; Lakshmikantham, M. V. (1975). "Nonclassical Condensed Thiophenes". ... thiophenes". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. American Chemical Society (ACS). 76 (18): 7546-7550. doi:10.1021/jo201081v. ISSN ...
Sulfide (organic)
ThiophenesEdit. Thiophenes are a special class of sulfide-containing heterocyclic compounds. Because of their aromatic ... As a consequence, thiophene exhibits few properties expected for a sulfide - thiophene is non-nucleophilic at sulfur and, in ... Upon hydrogenation, thiophene gives tetrahydrothiophene, C4H8S, which indeed does behave as a typical sulfide. ...
3-Bromothiophene
Unlike 2-bromothiophene, the 3-bromo isomer cannot be prepared directly from thiophene. It can be prepared by debromination of ... 2-Bromothiophene Jonathan Swanston (2006). "Thiophene". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ... 2,3,5-tribromothiophene, which is obtained by bromination of thiophene. ...
2-Bromothiophene
Unlike 3-bromothiophene, the 2-bromo isomer is prepared directly by partial bromination of thiophene. It is a precursor to ... The LD50 is low, 200 - 250 mg/kg (oral, rat). Jonathan Swanston (2006). "Thiophene". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ...
Tetrahydrothiophene
It is the saturated analog of thiophene. It is a volatile, colorless liquid with an intensely unpleasant odor. It is also known ... Tetrahydrofuran Thiophene Armarego WF, Chai CL (2003). "Purification of Organic Chemicals". Purification of Laboratory ... "Thiophene". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a26_793.pub2. Uson R, ...
Tetrahydrofuran
"Thiophene". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a26_793.pub2. Dieter ...
Tellurophenes
By synthesizing thiophene and selenophene analogues, it was found that there was a reduction in the optical band gap as a ... Compared to thiophenes, tellurophenes have been found to have lower optical band gaps, significantly lower LUMO levels, and ... MIDA-capped thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophenes were synthesized through Stille coupling. Crystal structures of DPT-MIDA ... By replacing the pinacolboronate esters with thiophenes, there was no luminescence, indicating that both Te(II) and BPin played ...
Terthiophene
Liu, Y.; Ye, M.; Guo, H. Z.; Zhao, Y. Y.; Guo, D. A. (2002). "New thiophenes from Echinops grijisii". Journal of Asian Natural ... In the most common isomer of terthiophene, two thienyl groups are connected via their 2 positions to a central thiophene, also ... It is an oligomer of the heterocycle thiophene, a shorter oligomer is dithienyl, and the parent polymer is polythiophene. ...
2-Methylthiophene
It can be produced by Wolff-Kishner reduction of thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde. 3-Methylthiophene King, Wm. J.; Nord, F. F. (1949 ... "Thiophene Series. V. Wolff-Kishner Reductions". Journal of Organic Chemistry. 14: 638-42. doi:10.1021/jo01156a016.. ...
Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands
"Palladium-Catalyzed Multiple Arylation of Thiophenes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 124 (19): 5286-5287. doi: ... multiple reactions including the amination of a wide range of aryl halides and triflates as well as the arylation of thiophenes ...
Asymmetric hydrogenation
Urban, S.; Beiring, B.; Ortega, N.; Paul, D.; Glorius, F. (2012). "Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Thiophenes and Benzothiophenes ... The asymmetric hydrogenation of thiophenes and benzothiophenes No heterogeneous catalyst has been commercialized for asymmetric ... of compounds where sulfur is part of the initial unsaturated pi-bonding system so far appears to be limited to thiophenes and ...
Dirk Schulze-Makuch
Heinz, J.; Schulze-Makuch, D. (2020). "Thiophenes on Mars: biotic or abiotic origin?". Astrobiology. 20 (4): 552-561. Maus, D ...
Arsole
Thiophene, a sulfur analog. Simple aromatic rings Varsol, a petroleum distillate with a boiling range of 150-200 °C. Frederick ...
Polythiophene
Polymerization of thiophene can be effected by a solution of ferric chloride in acetonitrile. The kinetics of thiophene ... and urethanes Thiophenes with chiral substituents at the 3 position have been polymerized. Such chiral PTs in principle could ... SCE, whereas unsubstituted thiophene requires an additional 0.2 V. Steric hindrance resulting from branching at the α-carbon of ... Poly(3-(perfluorooctyl)thiophene)s is soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide Oligothiophenes capped at both ends with ...
Phosphorus pentasulfide
With 1,4-diketones the reagent forms thiophenes. It is also used to deoxygenate sulfoxides. The use of P4S10 has been displaced ...
R. Bruce King
V. The desulfurization of thiophene". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82: 4749-4750. doi:10.1021/ja01502a080. King, R. B. (1995). "Thirty ...
List of Schedule I drugs (US)
Thiophene analog of phencyclidine (TCP) 7473 1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]pyrrolidine (TCPy) ...
Katherine Seley-Radtke
Thiophene-expanded guanosine analogues of Gemcitabine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2015;25(19):4274‐4276. Babkov DA, Valuev-Elliston ... Chen, Zhe; Ku, Therese C.; Seley-Radtke, Katherine L. (2015). "Thiophene-expanded guanosine analogues of Gemcitabine". ...
Dicarbonyl
1,4-Diketones are also precursor to furans and thiophenes. The condensation of 1,4-diketones (and related substrates) with ...
Xanthobacter tagetidis
... has the ability to grow on substituted thiophenes. LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de Straininfo of Xanthobacter ... nov., an organism associated with Tagetes species and able to grow on substituted thiophenes". International Journal of ... nov., an organism associated with Tagetes species and able to grow on substituted thiophenes". International Journal of ... "Chemolithoautotrophy and mixotrophy in the thiophene-2-carboxylic acid-utilizing Xanthobacter tagetidis". Archives of ...
Sigma-1 receptor
Oberdorf C, Schepmann D, Vela JM, Diaz JL, Holenz J, Wünsch B (Oct 2008). "Thiophene bioisosteres of spirocyclic sigma receptor ...
Sulfolene
... which can be dehydrobrominated to thiophene-1,1-dioxide with silver carbonate. Thiophene-1,1-dioxide, a highly reactive species ... The synthesis of thiophene-1,1-dioxide". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (7): 1932-1936. doi:10.1021/ja01636a058. ...
2,3-Dihydrothiophene
In contrast, thiophene engages in neither reaction. Dihydrothiophenes contribute to the aroma of the white truffle. The major ...
Mycobacterium bovis
Sensitive to thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide.[citation needed] Initially (after 3-4 weeks), minute dull flakes, ...
Heterocyclic compound
Included are pyridine, thiophene, pyrrole, and furan. Another large class of heterocycles refers to those fused to benzene ... For example, the fused benzene derivatives of pyridine, thiophene, pyrrole, and furan are quinoline, benzothiophene, indole, ... Thienothiophene are the fusion of two thiophene rings. Phosphaphenalenes are a tricyclic phosphorus-containing heterocyclic ...
2,5-Dimethylthiophene
5-Disubstituted Thiophenes". Synthesis. 1982 (12): 1061-1062. doi:10.1055/s-1982-30065. "Document 32012R0872".. ...
Heterocyclic compound
Included are pyridine, thiophene, pyrrole, and furan. Another large class of heterocycles are fused to benzene rings, which for ... Thienothiophene are the fusion of two thiophene rings. Phosphaphenalenes are a tricyclic phosphorus-containing heterocyclic ... pyridine, thiophene, pyrrole, and furan are quinoline, benzothiophene, indole, and benzofuran, respectively. Fusion of two ... "Design and environmentally benign synthesis of novel thiophene appended pyrazole analogues as anti-inflammatory and radical ...
Triiron dodecacarbonyl
Fe3(CO)12 form "ferroles" upon reaction with heterocycles such as thiophenes. Fe3(CO)12 reacts with thiols and disulfides to ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 10010328 - Thiophenes.
Measured and calculated properties of thiophenes are given. Chemical and spectroscopic techniques for analysis of thiophenes ... and uses of thiophenes are discussed in order to provide the setting within which analyses must be performed. ... Measured and calculated properties of thiophenes are given. Chemical and spectroscopic techniques for analysis of thiophenes ... The occurrence, toxicity, and uses of thiophenes are discussed in order to provide the setting within which analyses must be ...
Thiophene - Wikipedia
Oxidation can occur both at sulfur, giving a thiophene S-oxide, as well as at the 2,3-double bond, giving the thiophene 2,3- ... Oxidation of thiophenes may be relevant to the metabolic activation of various thiophene-containing drugs, such as tienilic ... Thiophenes undergo hydrogenolysis to form hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide. Thus, thiophene itself is converted to butane and ... Desulfurization of thiophene with Raney nickel affords butane. When coupled with the easy 2,5-difunctionalization of thiophene ...
Thiophene
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
Thiophene
Damste, J.S.S.; van Dalen, A.C.K.; de Leeuw, J.W.; Schenck, P.A., Identification of homologous series of alkylated thiophenes, ... Damste, J.S.S.; Kock-van Dalen, A.C.; de Leeuw, J.W.; Schenk, P.A., Identification of homologous series of alkylated thiophenes ... 5. Thiophene, furan, and benzene derivatives, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Khim., 1978, 11, 2271-2274. [all data] ... formyl and acetyl groups on retention of substituted furans and thiophenes in capillary GC, Chromatographia, 1992, 34, 9/10, ...
Benzo(c)thiophene - Wikipedia
Benzo[c]thiophene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H6S. The similarly named Benzo[b]thiophene is an isomer ... Benzo[b]thiophene is more stable and far more commonly encountered. Cava, Michael P.; Lakshmikantham, M. V. (1975). " ... "Nonclassical Condensed Thiophenes". Accounts of Chemical Research. 8: 139-44. doi:10.1021/ar50088a005.CS1 maint: uses authors ...
Patent US6608323 - n-type thiophene semiconductors - Google Patents
Introduction of perfluorocarbon chains on the thiophene core affords enhanced thermal stability and volatility, and increased ... Thiophene chemistry and the chemical stability of the thiophene ring hold potential for use of thiophene materials in molecular ... n-Type thiophene semiconductors. US20060186401 *. 14 Sep 2005. 24 Aug 2006. Marks Tobin J. Carbonyl-functionalized thiophene ... n-Type Thiophene Semiconductors. US20090267061 *. 29 Apr 2009. 29 Oct 2009. Marks Tobin J. Carbonyl-Functionalized Thiophene ...
4-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)oxolan-2-one
... thiophene-2-carbonyl)oxolan-2-one
2-diethylaminoethyl 4-(thiophene-2-carbonylamino)benzoate
... thiophene-2-carbonylamino)benzoate
Thiophene-2-carbothioamide | C5H5NS2 - PubChem
Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene 95% | Sigma-Aldrich
... thiophene 95%; CAS Number: 251-41-2; Synonym: 1,4-Dithiapentalene, 1,4-Thiophthene; Linear Formula: C6H4S2; find Sigma-Aldrich- ... Thieno(3,2-b)thiophene (TT) is an electron rich conjugated polymer that has a quinoidal structure with a narrow band gap. It ... Materials Science, Organic and Printed Electronics, Synthetic Tools and Reagents, Thiophene Monomers and Building Blocks ...
Ethyl thiophene-3-carboxylate | C7H8O2S - PubChem
Thiophene and Its Derivatives, Part 2, Volume 44 | Organic Chemistry | Chemistry | Subjects | Wiley
Thiophene-anthranilamides as highly potent and orally available factor Xa inhibitors. - PubMed - NCBI
RCSB PDB - 2H4G: Crystal structure of PTP1B with monocyclic thiophene inhibitor
4-BROMO-3-(CARBOXYMETHOXY)-5-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)THIOPHENE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID. C13 H9 Br O6 S. QZWUMLLRAVGBHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N. Ligand ... Monocyclic thiophenes as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors: Capturing interactions with Asp48.. Wan, Z.K., Lee, J., Xu ... Bicyclic and Tricyclic Thiophenes as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors. (2006) Bioorg Med Chem 14: 2162 ... A series of monocyclic thiophenes was designed and synthesized as PTP1B inhibitors. Guided by X-ray co-crystal structural ...
Infrared laser multiple photon dissociation of thiophene in gas phase | SpringerLink
New Thiophene Monolayer-Protected Copper Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Chemical-Physical Characterization
... thiophene was obtained by dropcasting the monomer thiophene onto germanium crystal and the spectrum of the Cu thiophene-capped ... of the free thiophene (a) and Cu thiophene on protected nanoparticles (b) are compared. The lack of the SH stretching of the ... haloalkyl)thiophenes as key building blocks for functionalized thiophenes and polythiophenes," Angewandte Chemie International ... Synthesis of 3-(6-mercaptohexyl)thiophene. The preparation of the monomer 3-(6-mercaptohexyl)thiophene has been performed ...
Thiophene Derivatives | Spectrum Chemical
Thiophene - Properties | Technology Trends
Thiophene - Properties. Properties. At room temperature, thiophene is a colorless liquid with a mildly pleasant odor ... The high reactivity of thiophene toward sulfonation is the basis for the separation of thiophene from benzene, which are ... reminiscent of benzene, with which thiophene shares some similarities. ...
Alfa Aesar Thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride, 97%
| Fisher Scientific
Shop a large selection of Heteroaromatic compounds products and learn more about Alfa Aesar Thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride, 97 ... 2-Thiophenesulfonyl chloride has been used in the preparation of 2-((trans-2-phenyl cyclopropyl)sulfonyl)thiophene. Solubility ... 2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride,2-thienylsulfonyl chloride,thiophene-2-sulphonyl chloride,2-thiophenesulfonylchloride,2- ... 2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride,2-thienylsulfonyl chloride,thiophene-2-sulphonyl chloride,2-thiophenesulfonylchloride,2- ...
Thiophene-3-malonic acid - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Thiophene-3-malonic acid EC Number:. 244-198-9. EC Name:. Thiophene-3-malonic acid. CAS Number:. 21080-92-2 Molecular formula: ... Thiophene-3-malonic acidThiophene-3-malonic acid. CAS Number:. 21080-92-2. Molecular ... Thiophene-3-malonic acidThiophene-3-malonic acid. CAS Number:. 21080-92-2. Molecular ... Thiophene-3-malonic acid Type:. legal entity composition of the substance. State Form:. solid: particulate/powder. Constituent ...
A Thermochemical Parameters and Theoretical Study of the Chlorinated Compounds of Thiophene
The DFT-based reactivity descriptors were used to elucidate the site selectivity for the chlorination sequence of thiophene. ... sets out to compute thermochemical and geometrical parameters of the complete series of chlorinated isomers of thiophene based ... of chlorobenzene (13.01 ± 0.50 kcal/mol) [26], benzene (19.8 ± 0.2 kcal/mol) [27], thiophene (52.20 kcal/mol) [28], and the for ... at selected temperatures for chlorinated thiophene isomers. in cal/(mol K) and (T) in cal/(mol K). ...
TCI AMERICAS Thieno[3,2-B]Thiophene,1g - 20DA65|T2513-1G - Grainger
Anion-radical formation in the adsorption of thiophene and its derivatives on H-mordenite | SpringerLink
For the first time it has been established that the adsorption of thiophene and its derivatives on H-mordenite provides ... Physical Chemistry Catalysis Thiophene Resonance Parameter Hyperfine Structure These keywords were added by machine and not by ... For the first time it has been established that the adsorption of thiophene and its derivatives on H-mordenite provides ... Anion-radical formation in the adsorption of thiophene and its derivatives on H-mordenite. ...
TCI AMERICAS Benzo[b]thiophene-2-ylboronic Acid,25g - 29KE65|B2893-25G - Grainger
2-heptylcyclopentylidene)amino] thiophene-2-carboxylate
... thiophene-2-carboxylate
Density functional theory study of neutral and oxidized thiophene oligomers (Journal Article) | SciTech Connect
Benzo[B]Thiophene-2-Boronic Acid - DrugBank
1-benzothiophene / 2,3,5-trisubstituted thiophene / Benzenoid / Heteroaromatic compound / Thiophene / Boronic acid / Boronic ... 2,3,5-trisubstituted thiophenes / Benzenoids / Heteroaromatic compounds / Boronic acids / Organic metalloid salts / Organoboron ... Benzo[B]Thiophene-2-Boronic Acid. Accession Number. DB04360 (EXPT00787) Type. Small Molecule. Groups. Experimental. Description ... These are aromatic heterocyclic compound containing the Benzo[b]thiophene ring system.. Kingdom. Organic compounds. Super Class ...
Archive ouverte HAL - Thiophene-based aldehyde derivatives for functionalizable & adhesive semiconducting polymers
Regioselective palladium-catalyzed arylation of 3-carboalkoxy furan and thiophene. | Sigma-Aldrich
DerivativesBenzoCompoundsSynthesis of thiopheneLigandsBenzeneInhibitorsFuranPyrrolePOLYMERSBenzothiophene and dibenzothiophenePolyThienoReactivityAminoSubstituentsHeterocyclicViktor MeyerSolubilityDerivativeSulfurPolymer2017OxidationFuransMethanolElectrochemical methodReactiveChemistrySOLVENTSElectronNanoparticlesMoleculeHydrogenToxicityMONOMERSSuppliersPropertiesMoietiesThermal
Derivatives13
- Thiophene derivatives have been detected at nanomole levels in 3.5 billions year old Martian soil sediments (Murray Formation, Pahrump Hills) by the rover Curiosity at Gale crater (Mars) between 2012 and 2017. (wikipedia.org)
- Electrophilic Sustitution of Thiophene and Its Derivatives (R. Taylor). (wiley.com)
- Thiophene and its derivatives can be found in some natural resources such as petroleum and coal and in several pharmacologically active compounds [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- For the first time it has been established that the adsorption of thiophene and its derivatives on H-mordenite provides individual ESR signals with an hyperfine structure. (springer.com)
- A comparison of the experimental ESR spectra with the calculated magnetic resonance parameters permits to suggest that during the adsorption on HM anion-radicals of thiophene and its derivatives are formed. (springer.com)
- Hossan ASM, Abu-Melha HMA, Al-Omar MA, Amr AE-G. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Pyrimidinone and Oxazinone Derivatives Fused with Thiophene Rings Using 2-Chloro-6-ethoxy-4-acetylpyridine as Starting Material. (mdpi.com)
- Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1,1-dioxoisothiazole and benzo[b]thiophene-1,1-dioxide derivatives as novel inhibit. (nih.gov)
- Physical Properties of Thiophene Derivatives (S. Gronowitz & A. Hornfeldt). (ellibs.com)
- Nucleophilic Substitution of Thiophene Derivatives (D. Spinelli, et al. (ellibs.com)
- Biologically Active Thiophene Derivatives Revisited: 1983 1988 (J. Press). (ellibs.com)
- The purpose of this study was to synthesize a small library of novel thiophene derivatives, and evaluate its parasitic activity, and potential mechanism of action (MOA). (umass.edu)
- Overall, eight thiophene derivatives of 5A were synthesized and purified by silica gel column chromatography. (umass.edu)
- 2, 5-bis(5-Hydroxymethyl-2-thienyl)furan (NSC 652287), is a representative of a series of thiophene derivatives that exhibit potent and selective antitumor activity against several tumor cell lines in the National Cancer Institute Anticancer Drug Screen. (aspetjournals.org)
Benzo8
- Benzo[c]thiophene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H6S. (wikipedia.org)
- The similarly named Benzo[b]thiophene is an isomer with the sulfur in the position adjacent to the benzene ring. (wikipedia.org)
- Benzo[b]thiophene is more stable and far more commonly encountered. (wikipedia.org)
- Benzo[ b ]thiophene heterocycles are important components of many important small molecule pharmaceuticals and drug candidates as well as organic semiconducting materials. (rsc.org)
- Many methods have been developed for the construction of a benzo[ b ]thiophene core via cyclization reaction of alkynes. (rsc.org)
- Here we report an efficient method for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[ b ]thiophenes from 2-alkynyl thioanisoles catalyzed by a gold( I )-IPr hydroxide that is applicable to a wide range of substrates with diverse electronic and steric properties. (rsc.org)
- A novel series of HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors comprising 1,1-dioxoisothiazoles and benzo[b]thiophene-1,1-dioxides were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. (nih.gov)
- α-Oxoketene Dithioacetals Mediated Benzoannelation of Aromatic Heterocycles: an Efficient Regiocontrolled Synthesis of Highly Substituted and Polycyclic Benzo[b]thiophenes. (alfa.com)
Compounds7
- Compounds analogous to thiophene include furan (C4H4O) selenophene (C4H4Se) and pyrrole (C4H4NH), which each vary by the heteroatom in the ring. (wikipedia.org)
- Heating at high temperature (500° to 820 °C) of lacustrine mudstone samples by the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument allowed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the evolved gases and the detection of aromatic and aliphatic molecules including several thiophene compounds. (wikipedia.org)
- The Gewald reaction of PEG-bound cyanoacetic ester, elemental sulfur, DIPEA and carbonyl compounds carried out under microwave irradiation afforded PEG-supported thiophenes, which were acylated and treated with 1% KCN in methanol to give free thiophenes in good yields. (organic-chemistry.org)
- Compounds analogous to thiophene include furan (C 4 H 4 O) and pyrrole (C 4 H 4 NH). (academic.ru)
- The slight variations observed in the pKa values of the thiophene compound compared to the pyrrol analogue revealed that neither of the two hetero atoms in the pyrrol or thiophene rings, of the two compounds, is involved in a hydrogen bond chelation. (scirp.org)
- Development of Thiophene Compounds as Potent Chemotherapies for the Tr" by Felipe Rodriguez, Eva Iniguez et al. (umass.edu)
- We identified three SERMs (one selenophene and two thiophene-core compounds) with potent inhibitory activities (at 3-25 μM) on the motility and development of parasitic stages of H. contortus . (biomedcentral.com)
Synthesis of thiophene4
- The first synthesis of thiophene by Meyer, reported the same year that he made his discovery, involves acetylene and elemental sulfur. (wikipedia.org)
- Here, the synthesis of thiophene based optical ligands, denoted bi-thiophene-vinyl-benzothiazoles (bTVBTs) that can be utilized for selective assignment of tau aggregates in brain tissue with Alzheimers disease (AD) pathology is reported. (diva-portal.org)
- Reflecting their high stabilities, thiophenes arise from many reactions involving sulfur sources and hydrocarbons, especially unsaturated ones, e.g. acetylenes and elemental sulfur, which was the first synthesis of thiophene by Viktor Meyer in the year of its discovery. (academic.ru)
- A novel method for the synthesis of thiophene 1,1-dioxides by oxidation of substituted thiophenes with trifluoroperoxyacetic acid was developed. (springer.com)
Ligands5
- By attaching an azide functional group via a tetraethylene glycol linker to the α-terminal position of a variety of oligothiophenes, thiophene-based ligands that can be utilized for detection of protein aggregates with surface plasmon resonance have been developed. (diva-portal.org)
- In addition, by alteration of the backbone (change of thiophene units), and of adding different side chains functionalities, we have shown that the properties of the amyloid ligands have a huge impact of the binding to different stages or forms of protein aggregates. (diva-portal.org)
- Herein, the solvatochromism of a library of anionic pentameric thiophene-based ligands, as well as their ability to spectrally discriminate Aβ and tau aggregates, were investigated. (diva-portal.org)
- Overall, the results from this study identified distinct solvatochromic and viscosity-dependent behavior of thiophene-based ligands that can be applied as indices to direct the chemical design of improved LCOs for spectral separation of Aβ and tau aggregates in brain tissue sections. (diva-portal.org)
- We foresee that these findings might aid in the chemical design of thiophene-based ligands that are increasingly selective for distinct disease-associated protein aggregates. (diva-portal.org)
Benzene12
- Thiophene was discovered as a contaminant in benzene. (wikipedia.org)
- These reagents are contacted with an oxide catalyst at 500-550 °C. At room temperature, thiophene is a colorless liquid with a mildly pleasant odor reminiscent of benzene, with which thiophene shares some similarities. (wikipedia.org)
- The high reactivity of thiophene toward sulfonation is the basis for the separation of thiophene from benzene, which are difficult to separate by distillation due to their similar boiling points (4 °C difference at ambient pressure). (wikipedia.org)
- Like benzene, thiophene forms an azeotrope with ethanol. (wikipedia.org)
- Thiophene is considered to be aromatic, although theoretical calculations suggest that the degree of aromaticity is less than that of benzene. (wikipedia.org)
- At room temperature, thiophene is a colorless liquid with a mildly pleasant odor reminiscent of benzene , with which thiophene shares some similarities. (primidi.com)
- 4.2 This test method was found applicable for determining thiophene in refined benzene conforming to the specifications described in Specification D2359 and may be applicable toward other grades of benzene if the user has taken the necessary precautions as described in the text. (astm.org)
- 1.1 This test method covers the determination of thiophene in refined benzene in the range from 0.80 to 1.80 mg/kg for the Flame Photometric Detector (FPD), and from 0.14 to 2.61 mg/kg for the Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector (PFPD). (astm.org)
- 1.2 This test method has been found applicable to benzene characteristic of the type described in Specifications D2359 and D4734 and may be applicable to other types or grades of benzene only after the user has demonstrated that the procedure can completely resolve thiophene from the other organic contaminants contained in the sample. (astm.org)
- We examined the thermal crystallization of deposited films made of 2,5-bis(4-biphenylyl)thiophene (BP1T) and 1,4-bis(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)benzene (AC5), which are thiophene/phenylene co-oligomers (TPCOs). (spie.org)
- Related to thiophene are benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene, containing the thiophene ring fused with one and two benzene rings, respectively. (academic.ru)
- Thiophene is considered aromatic, although theoretical calculations suggest that the degree of aromaticity is less than that of benzene. (academic.ru)
Inhibitors3
- Thiophene-anthranilamides as highly potent and orally available factor Xa inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- Investigation of a hit from high-throughput screening identified a series of thiophene-substituted anthranilamides as potent nonamidine fXa inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- A series of monocyclic thiophenes was designed and synthesized as PTP1B inhibitors. (rcsb.org)
Furan1
- Regioselective palladium-catalyzed arylation of 3-carboalkoxy furan and thiophene. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Pyrrole2
- A copolymer comprising 1,4-diketopyrrolo[3,4- c ]pyrrole (DPP) and thieno[3,2- b ]thiophene moieties, PDBT-co-TT, shows high hole mobility of up to 0.94 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in organic thin-film transistors. (wiley.com)
- In this study, we report the development of an enzyme immobilization matrix that displays enhanced electrochemical performance thanks to a novel conductive thin film prepared via in situ electrocopolymerization of pyrrole (Py) and thiophene-grafted chitosan (Th-Ch). This is a simple thin film preparation method that can help overcome aforementioned challenges by providing a uniformly distributed conductive layer on the electrode. (monash.edu)
POLYMERS3
- The polymers based on di-thiophene and benzothiadiazole were applied in photovoltaic devices and the coupling of the alkylthiophene showed no effect on the maximum photovoltaic performance. (spie.org)
- Band-gaps were estimated to be 2 eV for polymers based on di-thiophene and benzothiadiazole and 1.8 eV for polymers based on quarterthiophene and benzothiadiazole. (spie.org)
- Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thiophene−poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT−PSS) was used as the conductive component in a matrix of chemically different insulating polymers to form an array of vapor detectors. (caltech.edu)
Benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene1
- Thus, thiophene itself is converted to butane and H 2 S. More prevalent and more problematic in petroleum are benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene. (academic.ru)
Poly9
- 8. The field effect transistor of claim 7 , where said polythiophene polymer is regioregular, head-to-tail poly-3-C n F 2n+1 -thiophene. (google.co.uk)
- 3-Thiophenecarboxylic acid has been used in the preparation of novel acetylene monomer, required for the synthesis of poly(2-methylbut-2-enyl thiophene-3-carboxylate) and oxazolines and oxazoles. (alfa.com)
- This research describes the preparation and sensor applications of multifunctional monodisperse, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles-embedded poly(styrene)/poly(thiophene) (Fe 3 O 4 -PSt/PTh), core/shell nanoparticles. (mdpi.com)
- Kim, J.H. Preparation of Fe 3 O 4 -Embedded Poly(styrene)/Poly(thiophene) Core/Shell Nanoparticles and Their Hydrogel Patterns for Sensor Applications. (mdpi.com)
- Direct current and alternating current electrical transport properties of regioregular poly[3-(4-alkoxyphenyl)-thiophenes]. (unina.it)
- transport properties of doped and undoped regioregular poly[3-(4-alkoxyphenyl)-thiophenes], where the alkoxy groups are O-(CH2)n-1CH3 with n = 1,4,6, and 8, have been investigated. (unina.it)
- Nucleation and growth mechanisms of poly(thiophene) Part 1. (semanticscholar.org)
- Various poly[3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene]s (POPTs) were prepared either by oxidative polymerisation or by chain-growth Grignard metathesis (GRIM). (epjap.org)
- In this work we present the effect of HiPCO single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) introduction into the conjugated polymer matrix poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) on the structural and thermal stability of these nanocomposites. (epjap.org)
Thieno1
- Thieno(3,2- b )thiophene (TT) is an electron rich conjugated polymer that has a quinoidal structure with a narrow band gap. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Reactivity3
- The DFT-based reactivity descriptors were used to elucidate the site selectivity for the chlorination sequence of thiophene. (hindawi.com)
- Synthesis and reactivity of thiophene palladium and thiophene dipalladium complexes with unsaturated molecules. (docme.ru)
- examples of insertion of CO into thiophene-palladium (II) complexes leading to acylpalladium (II) complexes have been reported.12 In this paper, we wish to present the reactivity of novel thiophene-palladium complexes, in particular their reactions with different molarities of CO and isocyanides. (docme.ru)
Amino1
- We provide independent and unbiased information on manufacturers, prices, production news and consumers for the global and regional (North America, Asia and Europe) market of Ethyl 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate. (reportsnreports.com)
Substituents1
- 7. The field effect transistor of claim 6 , where said polythiophene polymer contains fluoroalkyl substituents attached to the 3-position of the thiophene rings in a regioregular, head-to-tail configuration. (google.co.uk)
Heterocyclic4
- Thiophene is a heterocyclic compound with the formula C4H4S. (wikipedia.org)
- Thiophene (C 4 H 4 S) is a heterocyclic organic compound with a five-membered ring similar to cyclopentadiene with replacement of a -CH 2 - group by sulfur atom [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Thiophene is the heterocyclic compound with the formula C 4 H 4 S. Consisting of a flat five-membered ring, it is aromatic as indicated by its extensive substitution reactions. (academic.ru)
- This new heterocyclic compound was thiophene. (academic.ru)
Viktor Meyer1
- Viktor Meyer was able to isolate thiophene as the actual substance responsible for this reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Solubility1
- The solubility of the polymer based on quarterthiophene and benzothiadiazole was tested with hexyl, 2-ethyl-hexyl and dodecyl as side chains on the thiophene. (spie.org)
Derivative1
- Such thiophene derivative that is often used in medicinal chemistry is the α -chlorothiophene, and there are several examples of marketed drugs containing this moiety such as tioconazole, lornoxicam, and rivaroxaban [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Sulfur3
- Reflecting their high stabilities, thiophenes arise from many reactions involving sulfur sources and hydrocarbons, especially unsaturated ones. (wikipedia.org)
- Specialized thiophenes can be synthesized similarly using Lawesson's reagent as the sulfidizing agent, or via the Gewald reaction, which involves the condensation of two esters in the presence of elemental sulfur. (wikipedia.org)
- Oxidation can occur both at sulfur, giving a thiophene S-oxide, as well as at the 2,3-double bond, giving the thiophene 2,3-epoxide, followed by subsequent NIH shift rearrangement. (wikipedia.org)
Polymer2
- 6. The field effect transistor device of claim 1 wherein said n-type organic semiconducting material is a polythiophene polymer with more than seven conjugated thiophene moieties. (google.co.uk)
- The use of thiophene polymer film as an electrochromic material for display devices is proposed. (ip.com)
20171
- The global market size of 2-Thiophene Acetyl Chloride is $XX million in 2017 with XX CAGR from 2013 to 2017, and it is expected to reach $XX million by the end of 2023 with a CAGR of XX% from 2018 to 2023. (marketpublishers.com)
Oxidation2
- The effect of oxidation on the energetics and structure of thiophene (Th) oligomers is studied with density functional theory at the B3PW91/6-311++G(d,p) level. (osti.gov)
- The effect of the solvent nature on the course of the reaction was studied and optimum conditions for the oxidation of thiophenes containing various functional groups were found. (springer.com)
Furans1
- On the contrary, the formation of furans, with the only exception of C 4 H 8 O, seems to be favoured at oxidizing conditions and relatively high temperatures, although mechanisms similar to those hypothesized for the production of thiophenes can be suggested. (mdpi.com)
Methanol8
- A titanium-based zeolitic thiophene-benzimidazolate framework has been designed for the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from methanol and carbon dioxide. (epa.gov)
- The ' Global and Chinese 2-Thiophene Methanol Industry, 2011-2021 Market Research Report ' is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global 2-Thiophene Methanol industry with a focus on the Chinese market. (marketresearch.com)
- The report provides key statistics on the market status of the 2-Thiophene Methanol manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.Firstly, the report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology. (marketresearch.com)
- Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the global and Chinese total market of 2-Thiophene Methanol industry including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, supply/demand and Chinese import/export. (marketresearch.com)
- The report then estimates 2016-2021 market development trends of 2-Thiophene Methanol industry. (marketresearch.com)
- In the end, the report makes some important proposals for a new project of 2-Thiophene Methanol Industry before evaluating its feasibility. (marketresearch.com)
- Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2011-2021 global and Chinese 2-Thiophene Methanol industry covering all important parameters. (marketresearch.com)
- 5.2 Market Competition of 2-Thiophene Methanol Industry by Country (USA, EU, Japan, Chinese etc. (marketresearch.com)
Electrochemical method1
- polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene (PEDT) was investigated in neutral aqueous solution by electrochemical method. (cnki.com.cn)
Reactive1
- Enclosed functional groups of MP are structural alerts for metabolic activation to reactive intermediates: thiophene ring ( S -oxide and epoxide), pyridine ring (epoxide and p -quinone iminium ion), and alkyl nitrogens (iminium ions). (aspetjournals.org)
Chemistry3
- This contribution sets out to compute thermochemical and geometrical parameters of the complete series of chlorinated isomers of thiophene based on the accurate chemistry model of CBS-QB3. (hindawi.com)
- Medicinal chemistry approaches to minimize the bioactivation potential of thiophenes often include substitution at the α -carbon position to provide a potential site for metabolism. (hindawi.com)
- Jonathan Swanston "Thiophene" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2006. (academic.ru)
SOLVENTS1
- The UV/visible spectra of 3,4-diphenyl thiophene were obtained in various solvents (both polar and non polar). (ajol.info)
Electron2
- Introduction of perfluorocarbon chains on the thiophene core affords enhanced thermal stability and volatility, and increased electron affinity versus the fluorine-free analog 2. (google.co.uk)
- We present a comprehensive study of resonance formation in electron collisions with thiophene. (open.ac.uk)
Nanoparticles1
- The results highlight the importance of the modifications ported to the well-known one-phase synthetic reactions to obtain a clear lack, even after a storage of six months, of any irreversible aggregation that has always characterized chain thiophene-protected metallic nanoparticles. (hindawi.com)
Molecule1
- We developed a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of the thiophene molecule 5A . (umass.edu)
Hydrogen2
- Thiophenes undergo hydrogenolysis to form hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide. (wikipedia.org)
- Mass spectrometric and hydrogen/deuterium exchange analysis of the glutathione adduct produced by rat liver microsomes indicated that the metabolite was most probably a thioether of MP S -oxide substituted in the thiophene ring. (aspetjournals.org)
Toxicity2
- The occurrence, toxicity, and uses of thiophenes are discussed in order to provide the setting within which analyses must be performed. (cdc.gov)
- Thiophene has high potential for bioactivation which in some cases has been linked to toxicity [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
MONOMERS1
- 29 , 30 Motivated by all the above, we selected two isomeric monomers in which a thiophene ring is attached at either the 2‐ or 3‐ position to pyrene at its 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 8‐ positions. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Suppliers1
- 2,2-(thiophene-2,5-diyl)bis[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)]-benzoxazole manufacturers and suppliers with contacts and product range are mentioned in the study. (marketpublishers.com)
Properties3
- Measured and calculated properties of thiophenes are given. (cdc.gov)
- As a consequence of its aromaticity, thiophene does not exhibit the properties seen for conventional sulfides. (wikipedia.org)
- The effects of the number and the position of the chlorine atoms on the properties of the thiophene ring for the chlorothiophenes have been studied theoretically by the CBS-QB3 composite method [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Moieties1
- 3. The field effect transistor device of claim 1 wherein said n-type organic semiconducting material contains about four to about seven conjugated thiophene moieties. (google.co.uk)
Thermal2
- language = {cze}, issn = {0009-2770}, journal = {Chemické listy}, title = {Esters and Nitriles of 2-(3-Acylselenoureido)benzoic and -thiophene-3-carboxylic Acids Thermal Transformations. (muni.cz)
- Thermal behaviour of esters and nitriles of 2-(3-acylselenoureido)benzoic and -thiophene-3-carboxylic acids in solid phase and melt were studied. (muni.cz)