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TestosteroneTestosterone PropionateHypogonadismAndrogensOrchiectomyDihydrotestosteroneTestisSex Hormone-Binding GlobulinLuteinizing HormoneEstradiolGonadal Steroid HormonesEpitestosteroneCastrationAndrostenedioneFollicle Stimulating HormoneFlutamideTestosterone CongenersReceptors, AndrogenSexual MaturationDehydroepiandrosterone3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-DehydrogenaseGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneHormone Replacement TherapyOrgan SizeDrug ImplantsDehydroepiandrosterone SulfateSpermatogenesisSex CharacteristicsSexual Behavior, AnimalRadioimmunoassayAndrogen AntagonistsChorionic GonadotropinAromataseProstateProgesteroneLibidoHirsutismAndrostanesVirilismGenitalia, MaleCyproteroneSperm CountGonadotropins, PituitarySteroidsSeminal VesiclesHormonesAndrostane-3,17-diol17-Hydroxysteroid DehydrogenasesAndrosteroneCyproterone Acetate17-Ketosteroids5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors17-alpha-HydroxyprogesteroneContraceptive Agents, MaleCholestenone 5 alpha-ReductaseHydroxytestosteronesLeuprolideSertoli CellsSeminiferous TubulesEstrogensGonadotropinsEstroneAdministration, CutaneousNandrolone3-Hydroxysteroid DehydrogenasesPituitary GlandInhibinsSteroid 17-alpha-HydroxylasePolycystic Ovary SyndromeSeasonsProlactinAgingHyperandrogenismFinasterideAnabolic AgentsEpididymisReproductionHydrocortisoneHydroxyprogesteronesSteroid 16-alpha-HydroxylaseCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemSteroid HydroxylasesRats, Sprague-DawleyAzasteroidsCryptorchidismSex DifferentiationAndrogen-Insensitivity SyndromeTranssexualismOvaryScrotumBody WeightSheepAndropauseDoping in SportsCopulationErectile DysfunctionDose-Response Relationship, DrugDiethylstilbestrolRats, Inbred StrainsProstatic NeoplasmsKlinefelter SyndromePubertyMicrosomes, LiverCytochrome P-450 CYP3ACholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage EnzymePregnancyTime FactorsOvariectomyTerritorialityHypophysectomySocial DominanceAryl Hydrocarbon HydroxylasesAromatase InhibitorsPreoptic AreaKetoconazoleReceptors, LHSexual DevelopmentSemenPregnenoloneAndrogen-Binding ProteinDibutyl PhthalatePrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsAntlersInjections, IntramuscularPenisGonadal HormonesAndrostenediolAnalysis of VarianceHydroxylationPenile ErectionKetosteroidsRats, WistarDesogestrelFertilitySaliva
Testosterone: A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.Hypogonadism: Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).Androgens: Compounds that interact with ANDROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of TESTOSTERONE. Depending on the target tissues, androgenic effects can be on SEX DIFFERENTIATION; male reproductive organs, SPERMATOGENESIS; secondary male SEX CHARACTERISTICS; LIBIDO; development of muscle mass, strength, and power.Orchiectomy: The surgical removal of one or both testicles.Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.Testis: The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin: A glycoprotein migrating as a beta-globulin. Its molecular weight, 52,000 or 95,000-115,000, indicates that it exists as a dimer. The protein binds testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol in the plasma. Sex hormone-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN. They differ by their sites of synthesis and post-translational oligosaccharide modifications.Luteinizing Hormone: A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.Estradiol: The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.Gonadal Steroid Hormones: Steroid hormones produced by the GONADS. They stimulate reproductive organs, germ cell maturation, and the secondary sex characteristics in the males and the females. The major sex steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; and TESTOSTERONE.Epitestosterone: The 17-alpha isomer of TESTOSTERONE, derived from PREGNENOLONE via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse.Castration: Surgical removal or artificial destruction of gonads.Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.Follicle Stimulating Hormone: A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.Testosterone Congeners: Steroidal compounds related to TESTOSTERONE, the major mammalian male sex hormone. Testosterone congeners include important testosterone precursors in the biosynthetic pathways, metabolites, derivatives, and synthetic steroids with androgenic activities.Receptors, Androgen: Proteins, generally found in the CYTOPLASM, that specifically bind ANDROGENS and mediate their cellular actions. The complex of the androgen and receptor migrates to the CELL NUCLEUS where it induces transcription of specific segments of DNA.Sexual Maturation: Achievement of full sexual capacity in animals and in humans.Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase: An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of TESTOSTERONE to 5-ALPHA DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE.Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.Hormone Replacement Therapy: Therapeutic use of hormones to alleviate the effects of hormone deficiency.Organ Size: The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.Drug Implants: Small containers or pellets of a solid drug implanted in the body to achieve sustained release of the drug.Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.Spermatogenesis: The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the OVARIES and TESTES and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.Sexual Behavior, Animal: Sexual activities of animals.Radioimmunoassay: Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.Androgen Antagonists: Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of androgens.Chorionic Gonadotropin: A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).Aromatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the desaturation (aromatization) of the ring A of C19 androgens and converts them to C18 estrogens. In this process, the 19-methyl is removed. This enzyme is membrane-bound, located in the endoplasmic reticulum of estrogen-producing cells of ovaries, placenta, testes, adipose, and brain tissues. Aromatase is encoded by the CYP19 gene, and functions in complex with NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE in the cytochrome P-450 system.Prostate: A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the URINARY BLADDER and the URETHRA. It secretes a substance that liquefies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the RECTUM.Progesterone: The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.Libido: The psychic drive or energy associated with sexual instinct in the broad sense (pleasure and love-object seeking). It may also connote the psychic energy associated with instincts in general that motivate behavior.Hirsutism: A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as facial and chest areas. It is the result of elevated ANDROGENS from the OVARIES, the ADRENAL GLANDS, or exogenous sources. The concept does not include HYPERTRICHOSIS, which is an androgen-independent excessive hair growth.Androstanes: The family of steroids from which the androgens are derived.Virilism: Development of male secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS in the FEMALE. It is due to the effects of androgenic metabolites of precursors from endogenous or exogenous sources, such as ADRENAL GLANDS or therapeutic drugs.Genitalia, Male: The male reproductive organs. They are divided into the external organs (PENIS; SCROTUM;and URETHRA) and the internal organs (TESTIS; EPIDIDYMIS; VAS DEFERENS; SEMINAL VESICLES; EJACULATORY DUCTS; PROSTATE; and BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS).Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.Sperm Count: A count of SPERM in the ejaculum, expressed as number per milliliter.Gonadotropins, Pituitary: Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR) that stimulate gonadal functions in both males and females. They include FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE that stimulates germ cell maturation (OOGENESIS; SPERMATOGENESIS), and LUTEINIZING HORMONE that stimulates the production of sex steroids (ESTROGENS; PROGESTERONE; ANDROGENS).Steroids: A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)Seminal Vesicles: A saclike, glandular diverticulum on each ductus deferens in male vertebrates. It is united with the excretory duct and serves for temporary storage of semen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Hormones: Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.Androstane-3,17-diol: The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: A class of enzymes that catalyzes the oxidation of 17-hydroxysteroids to 17-ketosteroids. EC 1.1.-.Androsterone: A metabolite of TESTOSTERONE or ANDROSTENEDIONE with a 3-alpha-hydroxyl group and without the double bond. The 3-beta hydroxyl isomer is epiandrosterone.Cyproterone Acetate: An agent with anti-androgen and progestational properties. It shows competitive binding with dihydrotestosterone at androgen receptor sites.17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors: Drugs that inhibit 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE. They are commonly used to reduce the production of DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE.17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone: A metabolite of PROGESTERONE with a hydroxyl group at the 17-alpha position. It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of HYDROCORTISONE and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES.Contraceptive Agents, Male: Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in males. Use for male contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase: An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of 3-oxo-delta4 steroids into their corresponding 5alpha form. It plays an important role in the conversion of TESTOSTERONE into DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE and PROGESTERONE into DIHYDROPROGESTERONE.Hydroxytestosterones: 17 beta-Hydroxy-4-androsten-3-ones. Testosterone derivatives formed by the substitution of one or more hydroxyl groups in any position.Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.Sertoli Cells: Supporting cells projecting inward from the basement membrane of SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN and hormones such as ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. The tight junctions of Sertoli cells with the SPERMATOGONIA and SPERMATOCYTES provide a BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER.Seminiferous Tubules: The convoluted tubules in the TESTIS where sperm are produced (SPERMATOGENESIS) and conveyed to the RETE TESTIS. Spermatogenic tubules are composed of developing germ cells and the supporting SERTOLI CELLS.Estrogens: Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.Gonadotropins: Hormones that stimulate gonadal functions such as GAMETOGENESIS and sex steroid hormone production in the OVARY and the TESTIS. Major gonadotropins are glycoproteins produced primarily by the adenohypophysis (GONADOTROPINS, PITUITARY) and the placenta (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN). In some species, pituitary PROLACTIN and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN exert some luteotropic activities.Estrone: An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women.Administration, Cutaneous: The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects.Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: Catalyze the oxidation of 3-hydroxysteroids to 3-ketosteroids.Pituitary Gland: A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a short stalk which is called the INFUNDIBULUM.Inhibins: Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes, the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles, the placenta, and other tissues. Inhibins and ACTIVINS are modulators of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretions; both groups belong to the TGF-beta superfamily, as the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. Inhibins consist of a disulfide-linked heterodimer with a unique alpha linked to either a beta A or a beta B subunit to form inhibin A or inhibin B, respectivelySteroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase: A microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 17-alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone or pregnenolone and subsequent cleavage of the residual two carbons at C17 in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP17 gene, generates precursors for glucocorticoid, androgen, and estrogen synthesis. Defects in CYP17 gene cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL) and abnormal sexual differentiation.Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.Seasons: Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Prolactin: A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Hyperandrogenism: A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION.Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.Anabolic Agents: These compounds stimulate anabolism and inhibit catabolism. They stimulate the development of muscle mass, strength, and power.Epididymis: The convoluted cordlike structure attached to the posterior of the TESTIS. Epididymis consists of the head (caput), the body (corpus), and the tail (cauda). A network of ducts leaving the testis joins into a common epididymal tubule proper which provides the transport, storage, and maturation of SPERMATOZOA.Reproduction: The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)Hydrocortisone: The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.Hydroxyprogesterones: Metabolites or derivatives of PROGESTERONE with hydroxyl group substitution at various sites.Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase: A liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 16-alpha-hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme is encoded by a number of genes from several CYP2 subfamilies.Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System: A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.Steroid Hydroxylases: Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES) that are important in steroid biosynthesis and metabolism.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Azasteroids: Steroidal compounds in which one or more carbon atoms in the steroid ring system have been substituted with nitrogen atoms.Cryptorchidism: A developmental defect in which a TESTIS or both TESTES failed to descend from high in the ABDOMEN to the bottom of the SCROTUM. Testicular descent is essential to normal SPERMATOGENESIS which requires temperature lower than the BODY TEMPERATURE. Cryptorchidism can be subclassified by the location of the maldescended testis.Sex Differentiation: The process in developing sex- or gender-specific tissue, organ, or function after SEX DETERMINATION PROCESSES have set the sex of the GONADS. Major areas of sex differentiation occur in the reproductive tract (GENITALIA) and the brain.Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome: A disorder of sexual development transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait. These patients have a karyotype of 46,XY with end-organ resistance to androgen due to mutations in the androgen receptor (RECEPTORS, ANDROGEN) gene. Severity of the defect in receptor quantity or quality correlates with their phenotypes. In these genetic males, the phenotypic spectrum ranges from those with normal female external genitalia, through those with genital ambiguity as in Reifenstein Syndrome, to that of a normal male with INFERTILITY.Transsexualism: Severe gender dysphoria, coupled with a persistent desire for the physical characteristics and social roles that connote the opposite biological sex. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)Ovary: The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.Scrotum: A cutaneous pouch of skin containing the testicles and spermatic cords.Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Sheep: Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.Andropause: An endocrine state in men, characterized by a significant decline in the production of TESTOSTERONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and other hormones such as HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE. Andropause symptoms are related to the lack of androgens including DEPRESSION, sexual dysfunction, and OSTEOPOROSIS. Andropause may also result from hormonal ablation therapy for malignant diseases.Doping in Sports: Illegitimate use of substances for a desired effect in competitive sports. It includes humans and animals.Copulation: Sexual union of a male and a female in non-human species.Erectile Dysfunction: The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)Rats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Prostatic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.Klinefelter Syndrome: A form of male HYPOGONADISM, characterized by the presence of an extra X CHROMOSOME, small TESTES, seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated levels of GONADOTROPINS, low serum TESTOSTERONE, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE). Patients tend to have long legs and a slim, tall stature. GYNECOMASTIA is present in many of the patients. The classic form has the karyotype 47,XXY. Several karyotype variants include 48,XXYY; 48,XXXY; 49,XXXXY, and mosaic patterns ( 46,XY/47,XXY; 47,XXY/48,XXXY, etc.).Puberty: A period in the human life in which the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system takes place and reaches full maturity. The onset of synchronized endocrine events in puberty lead to the capacity for reproduction (FERTILITY), development of secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS, and other changes seen in ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT.Microsomes, Liver: Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A: A cytochrome P-450 suptype that has specificity for a broad variety of lipophilic compounds, including STEROIDS; FATTY ACIDS; and XENOBIOTICS. This enzyme has clinical significance due to its ability to metabolize a diverse array of clinically important drugs such as CYCLOSPORINE; VERAPAMIL; and MIDAZOLAM. This enzyme also catalyzes the N-demethylation of ERYTHROMYCIN.Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme: A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the side-chain cleavage of C27 cholesterol to C21 pregnenolone in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11A1 gene, catalyzes the breakage between C20 and C22 which is the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of various gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Ovariectomy: The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.Territoriality: Behavior in defense of an area against another individual or individuals primarily of the same species.Hypophysectomy: Surgical removal or destruction of the hypophysis, or pituitary gland. (Dorland, 28th ed)Social Dominance: Social structure of a group as it relates to the relative social rank of dominance status of its members. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases: A large group of cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) monooxygenases that complex with NAD(P)H-FLAVIN OXIDOREDUCTASE in numerous mixed-function oxidations of aromatic compounds. They catalyze hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of substrates and are important in the metabolism of steroids, drugs, and toxins such as PHENOBARBITAL, carcinogens, and insecticides.Aromatase Inhibitors: Compounds that inhibit AROMATASE in order to reduce production of estrogenic steroid hormones.Preoptic Area: Region of hypothalamus between the ANTERIOR COMMISSURE and OPTIC CHIASM.Ketoconazole: Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients.Receptors, LH: Those protein complexes or molecular sites on the surfaces and cytoplasm of gonadal cells that bind luteinizing or chorionic gonadotropic hormones and thereby cause the gonadal cells to synthesize and secrete sex steroids. The hormone-receptor complex is internalized from the plasma membrane and initiates steroid synthesis.Sexual Development: The processes of anatomical and physiological changes related to sexual or reproductive functions during the life span of a human or an animal, from FERTILIZATION to DEATH. These include SEX DETERMINATION PROCESSES; SEX DIFFERENTIATION; SEXUAL MATURATION; and changes during AGING.Semen: The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains SPERMATOZOA and their nutrient plasma.Pregnenolone: A 21-carbon steroid, derived from CHOLESTEROL and found in steroid hormone-producing tissues. Pregnenolone is the precursor to GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.Androgen-Binding Protein: Carrier proteins produced in the Sertoli cells of the testis, secreted into the seminiferous tubules, and transported via the efferent ducts to the epididymis. They participate in the transport of androgens. Androgen-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as SEX HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN. They differ by their sites of synthesis and post-translational oligosaccharide modifications.Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects: The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.Antlers: The horn of an animal of the deer family, typically present only in the male. It differs from the HORNS of other animals in being a solid, generally branched bony outgrowth that is shed and renewed annually. The word antler comes from the Latin anteocularis, ante (before) + oculus (eye). (From Webster, 3d ed)Injections, Intramuscular: Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.Penis: The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra.Gonadal Hormones: Hormones produced by the GONADS, including both steroid and peptide hormones. The major steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL and PROGESTERONE from the OVARY, and TESTOSTERONE from the TESTIS. The major peptide hormones include ACTIVINS and INHIBINS.Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Hydroxylation: Placing of a hydroxyl group on a compound in a position where one did not exist before. (Stedman, 26th ed)Penile Erection: The state of the PENIS when the erectile tissue becomes filled or swollen (tumid) with BLOOD and causes the penis to become rigid and elevated. It is a complex process involving CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS; HORMONES; SMOOTH MUSCLES; and vascular functions.Ketosteroids: Steroid derivatives formed by oxidation of a methyl group on the side chain or a methylene group in the ring skeleton to form a ketone.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents.Fertility: The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.Saliva: The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.

Changed levels of endogenous sex steroids in women on oral contraceptives. (1/7518)

Serum and urinary levels of unconjugated testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and oestradiol were measured by specific radioimmunoassays in 10 healthy women in the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycle and in nine healthy women taking oral contraceptives. The contraceptive group had testosterone levels 1-3 times higher and dihydrotestosterone levels two times higher than those in the controls. Serum oestradiol levels in the contraceptive group were much lower than those in the controls and similar to levels in postmenopausal women. The contraceptive group had about twice the urinary excretion of unconjugated (free) testosterone and dihydrotestosterone of the controls, but their excretion of unconjugated oestradiol was 2-7 times lower. The great increase in serum and urinary androgen concentrations, as well as the suppression of oestradiol, may be related to the antiovulatory effect of oral contraceptives.  (+info)

The effects of androgens and antiandrogens on hormone-responsive human breast cancer in long-term tissue culture. (2/7518)

We have examined five human breast cancer cell lines in continuous tissue culture for androgen responsiveness. One of these cell lines shows a 2- to 4-fold stimulation of thymidine incorporation into DNA, apparent as early as 10 hr following androgen addition to cells incubated in serum-free medium. This stimulation is accompanied by an acceleration in cell replication. Antiandrogens [cyproterone acetate (6-chloro-17alpha-acetate-1,2alpha-methylene-4,6-pregnadiene-3,20-dione) and R2956 (17beta-hydroxy-2,2,17alpha-trimethoxyestra-4,9,11-triene-1-one)] inhibit both protein and DNA synthesis below control levels and block androgen-mediated stimulation. Prolonged incubation (greater than 72 hr) in antiandrogen is lethal. The MCF- cell line contains high-affinity receptors for androgenic steroids demonstrable by sucrose density gradients and competitive protein binding analysis. By cross-competition studies, androgen receptors are distinguishable from estrogen receptors also found in this cell line. Concentrations of steroid that saturate androgen receptor sites in vitro are about 1000 times lower than concentrations that maximally stimulate the cells. Changes in quantity and affinity of androgen binding to intact cells at 37 degrees as compared with usual binding techniques using cytosol preparation at 0 degrees do not explain this difference between dissociation of binding and effect. However, this difference can be explained by conversion of [3H]-5alpha-dihydrotestosterone to 5alpha-androstanediol and more polar metabolites at 37 degrees. An examination of incubation media, cytoplasmic extracts and crude nuclear pellets reveals probable conversion of [3H]testosterone to [3H]-5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Our data provide compelling evidence that some human breast cancer, at least in vitro, may be androgen dependent.  (+info)

Effect of sex difference on the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by the rat. (3/7518)

Hepatic microsome-catalyzed metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to aflatoxin M1 and aflatoxin Q1 and the "metabolic activation" of AFB1 to DNA-alylating metabolite(s) were studied in normal male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, in gonadectomized animals, and in castrated males and normal females treated with testosterone. Microsomes from male animals formed 2 to 5 times more aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin Q1, and DNA-alkylating metabolite(s) than those from females. Castration reduced the metabolism of AFB1 by the microsomes from males by about 50%, whereas ovariectomy had no significant effect on AFB1 metabolism by the microsomes from females. Testosterone treatment (4 mg/rat, 3 times/week for about 6 weeks) of castrated immature males and immature females enhanced the metabolism of AFB1 by their microsomes. A sex difference in the metabolism of AFB1 by liver microsomes was also seen in other strains of rats tested: Wistar, Long-Evans, and Fischer. The activity of kidney microsomes for metabolic activation was 1 to 4% that of the liver activity and was generally lower in microsomes from male rats as compared to those from female rats of Sprague-Dawley, Wistar, and Long-Evans strains. The in vitro results obtained with hepatic microsomes correlated well with the in vivo metabolism of AFB1, in that more AFB1 became bound in vivo to hepatic DNA isolated from male rats and from a female rat treated with testosterone than that isolated from control female rats. These data suggest that the differences in hepatic AFB1 metabolism may be the underlying cause of the sex difference in toxicity and carcinogenicity of AFB1 observed in rats.  (+info)

Sex differences in the effects of early neocortical injury on neuronal size distribution of the medial geniculate nucleus in the rat are mediated by perinatal gonadal steroids. (4/7518)

Freezing injury to the cortical plate of rats induces cerebrocortical microgyria and, in males but not females, a shift toward greater numbers of small neurons in the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN). The purpose of the current study was to examine a hormonal basis for this sex difference. Cross-sectional neuronal areas of the MGN were measured in male rats, untreated female rats and female rats treated perinatally with testosterone propionate, all of which had received either neonatal cortical freezing or sham injury. Both male and androgenized female rats with microgyria had significantly smaller MGN neurons when compared to their sham-operated counterparts, whereas untreated females with microgyria did not. These differences were also reflected in MGN neuronal size distribution: both male and androgenized female rats with microgyria had more small and fewer large neurons in their MGN in comparison to shams, while there was no difference in MGN neuronal size distribution between lesioned and sham females. These findings suggest that perinatal gonadal steroids mediate the sex difference in thalamic response to induction of microgyria in the rat cortex.  (+info)

Prolactin replacement fails to inhibit reactivation of gonadotropin secretion in rams treated with melatonin under long days. (5/7518)

This study tested the hypothesis that prolactin (PRL) inhibits gonadotropin secretion in rams maintained under long days and that treatment with melatonin (s.c. continuous-release implant; MEL-IMP) reactivates the reproductive axis by suppressing PRL secretion. Adult Soay rams were maintained under long days (16L:8D) and received 1) no further treatment (control, C); 2) MEL-IMP for 16 wk and injections of saline/vehicle for the first 8 wk (M); 3) MEL-IMP for 16 wk and exogenous PRL (s.c. 5 mg ovine PRL 3x daily) for the first 8 wk (M+P). The treatment with melatonin induced a rapid increase in the blood concentrations of FSH and testosterone, rapid growth of the testes, an increase in the frequency of LH pulses, and a decrease in the LH response to N-methyl-D,L-aspartic acid. The concomitant treatment with exogenous PRL had no effect on these reproductive responses but caused a significant delay in the timing of the sexual skin color and growth of the winter pelage. These results do not support the hypothesis and suggest that PRL at physiological long-day concentrations, while being totally ineffective as an inhibitor of gonadotropin secretion, acts in the peripheral tissues and skin to maintain summer characteristics.  (+info)

Effects of spinal cord injury on spermatogenesis and the expression of messenger ribonucleic acid for Sertoli cell proteins in rat Sertoli cell-enriched testes. (6/7518)

The study was an examination of the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell functions in adult rats with Sertoli cell-enriched (SCE) testes. The effects of SCI on the seminiferous epithelium were characterized by abnormalities in the remaining spermatogenic cells during the first month after SCI. Three days after SCI, serum testosterone levels were 80% lower, while serum FSH and LH levels were 25% and 50% higher, respectively, than those of sham control SCE rats. At this time, the levels of mRNA for androgen receptor (AR), FSH receptor (FSH-R), and androgen-binding protein (ABP) were normal whereas those for transferrin (Trf) had decreased by 40%. Thereafter, serum testosterone levels increased, but they remained lower than those of the sham control rats 28 days after SCI; and serum FSH and LH levels returned to normal. The levels of mRNA for AR, ABP, and Trf exhibited a biphasic increase 7 days after SCI and remained elevated 28 days after SCI. FSH-R mRNA levels were also elevated 90 days after SCI. Unexpectedly, active spermatogenesis, including qualitatively complete spermatogenesis, persisted in > 40% of the tubules 90 days after SCI. These results suggest that the stem cells and/or undifferentiated spermatogonia in SCE testes are less susceptible to the deleterious effects of SCI than the normal testes and that they were able to proliferate and differentiate after SCI. The presence of elevated levels of mRNA for Sertoli cell FSH-R and AR, as well as of that for the Sertoli cell proteins, in the SCE testes during the chronic stage of SCI suggests a modification of Sertoli cell physiology. Such changes in Sertoli cell functions may provide a beneficial environment for the proliferation of the stem cells and differentiation of postmeiotic cells, thus resulting in the persistence of spermatogenesis in these testes.  (+info)

Sex steroid and prolactin profiles in male American black bears (Ursus americanus) during denning. (7/7518)

Serum sex steroid and prolactin profiles were examined in the male American black bear, Ursus americanus during denning. Sera collected in December and the following March from 8 denning male black bears in Minnesota, U.S.A. were assayed for testosterone, estradiol-17 beta and prolactin. Eight bears were confirmed to be the denning mode based on a serum urea to creatinine ratio less than 10. Serum testosterone concentrations tended to increase from December to the subsequent March whereas serum estradiol-17 beta concentrations tended to decrease during this period. There were few changes in serum prolactin concentrations between December and March. These findings suggest that spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis initiated during denning may be influenced by changes in serum sex steroid concentrations in the American black bear.  (+info)

BDNF mediates the effects of testosterone on the survival of new neurons in an adult brain. (8/7518)

New neurons are incorporated into the high vocal center (HVC), a nucleus of the adult canary (Serinus canaria) brain that plays a critical role in the acquisition and production of learned song. Recruitment of new neurons in the HVC is seasonally regulated and depends upon testosterone levels. We show here that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is present in the HVC of adult males but is not detectable in that of females, though the HVC of both sexes has BDNF receptors (TrkB). Testosterone treatment increases the levels of BDNF protein in the female HVC, and BDNF infused into the HVC of adult females triples the number of new neurons. Infusion of a neutralizing antibody to BDNF blocks the testosterone-induced increase in new neurons. Our results demonstrate that BDNF is involved in the regulation of neuronal replacement in the adult canary brain and suggest that the effects of testosterone are mediated through BDNF.  (+info)

Low testosterone levels associated with increased risk of death in menLow testosterone levels associated with increased risk of death in men
About 19 percent (166) of the men had a low testosterone level; 28 percent (240) had an equivocal testosterone level, meaning that their tests revealed an equal number of low and normal levels; and 53 percent (452) had normal testosterone levels. One-fifth (20.1 percent) of the men with normal testosterone levels died during the course of the study, compared with 24.6 percent of men with equivocal levels and 34.9 percent of those with low levels. Men with low testosterone levels had an 88 percent increase in risk of death compared with those who had normal levels. When the researchers considered other variables that may influence risk of death, such as age, other illnesses and body mass index, the association between low testosterone levels and death persisted ...
Low testosterone levels associated with increased risk of death in menLow testosterone levels associated with increased risk of death in men
About 19 percent (166) of the men had a low testosterone level; 28 percent (240) had an equivocal testosterone level, meaning that their tests revealed an equal number of low and normal levels; and 53 percent (452) had normal testosterone levels. One-fifth (20.1 percent) of the men with normal testosterone levels died during the course of the study, compared with 24.6 percent of men with equivocal levels and 34.9 percent of those with low levels. Men with low testosterone levels had an 88 percent increase in risk of death compared with those who had normal levels. When the researchers considered other variables that may influence risk of death, such as age, other illnesses and body mass index, the association between low testosterone levels and death persisted ...
A Guide To High Testosterone Foods - lift06.orgA Guide To High Testosterone Foods - lift06.org
ad_1]. If you are suffering from depression, lack of sexual appetite, or trouble with sexual functions, you may be experiencing low testosterone levels. If this is indeed the case, one way to address the issue is to try eating high testosterone food. A testosterone diet is easy to maintain, as long as you are aware of what constituents good foods to increase your testosterone levels. High testosterone foods contain good qualities of zinc. For this reason, some foods have been called aphrodisiacs. The reality is, including these foods in your diet may help alleviate the symptoms of testosterone deficiency. In one trial, 22 men with low testosterone levels and sperm counts were given zinc every day for 45 to 50 days. Both testosterone levels and sperm counts rose. It should not be surprising that one of the best high testosterone foods are oysters. Oysters have long been lauded as a powerful aphrodisiac, and recent studies are showing that the reason may be because they contain high levels of ...
Low TestosteroneLow Testosterone
Treatment options dependent on the underlying cause of testosterone deficiency. The underlying causes lack of luteinizing hormone, hormone replacement therapy with luteinizing hormone equivalent can often effectively treat low testosterone levels. If prolactinoma is present, treatment of prolactinoma is the initial target of treatment.. If a scrotal varicocele is present, microscopic varicocelectomy may improve testosterone levels in some men.. In men who desire fertility, testosterone replacement therapy may affect fertility potential of the testes and a carefully planned approach is necessary to prevent infertility.. Most common treatment for low testosterone is testosterone replacement therapy. Testosterone can be replaced using testosterone gel (AndroGel, Testim, AndroDerm, Axiron, Fortesta, injections and longer lasting Depo injections (AVEED) or testosterone pellets (TestoPel). Oral and nasal preparations off testosterone are also available.. ...
testosterone supplements exercise testosterone supplement costco | testosterone supplements and blood pressure testosterone...testosterone supplements exercise testosterone supplement costco | testosterone supplements and blood pressure testosterone...
The reliable measurement of serum free testosterone requires equilibrium dialysis. This is not appropriate for clinical use as it is very time consuming and therefore expensive. The amount of bioavailable testosterone can be measured as a percentage of the total testosterone after precipitation of the SHBG bound fraction using ammonium sulphate. The bioavailable testosterone is then calculated from the total testosterone level. This method has an excellent correlation with free testosterone (Tremblay and Dube 1974) but is not widely available for clinical use. In most clinical situations the available tests are total testosterone and SHBG which are both easily and reliably measured. Total testosterone is appropriate for the diagnosis of overt male hypogonadism where testosterone levels are very low and also in excluding hypogonadism in patients with normal/high-normal testosterone levels. With increasing age, a greater number of men have total testosterone levels just below the normal range or ...
High testosterone low free testosteroneHigh testosterone low free testosterone
2017 · Before we jump into the causes of high testosterone and the treatment, we really need to understand the symptoms of high testosterone. Free testosterone is the the key to treating low t 23. 17. Testosterone Type Dose Range for Replacement Therapy Dose Range for Performance Enhancement; Testosterone Cypionate: 50mg to 400mg every two to four weeks. 02. 02. 01. 2016 · High or low testosterone levels in men can cause symptoms and signs of weight gain, osteoporosis, decline in sexual desire, and a decline in physical. Mercola. Side Effects! Emasculated at age 52? Want to raise your testosterone through diet? 09. 17. Munroe morbific adulterated his muniting indigently. 09. 05. 01. Mishandle tremendous can you take viagra while on steroids that losing air time? 2017 · Low testosterone can alter some typical masculine features in men. The dodder menispermaceous Sorry that unclear? Other …. A stressful. 2014 · Me? 12. 06. Impulsivity describes a tendency to do things without thinking about ...
IU study: Many testicular cancer survivors have low testosterone levels; likely to experience other chronic health problems :...IU study: Many testicular cancer survivors have low testosterone levels; likely to experience other chronic health problems :...
INDIANAPOLIS - Indiana University cancer researchers found that many testicular cancer survivors have low testosterone levels and are more likely to have chronic health problems.. In the study, the researchers found that 38 percent of 491 testicular cancer survivors had low testosterone levels, or hypogonadism. Further, compared to survivors with normal testosterone levels, survivors with low testosterone were more likely to report a range of chronic health problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes and erectile dysfunction.. "Because testicular cancer is the most common cancer among young men and is highly curable, many survivors may live more than 40 years after diagnosis," Mohammad Issam Abu Zaid, MBBS, an assistant professor of medicine at IU School of Medicine and lead author, said. "Our findings underscore the need to screen testicular cancer survivors for hypogonadism and treat those who have symptoms.". Dr. Abu Zaid, who completed his hematology-oncology fellowship at the Indiana ...
Does elevated testosterone result in increased exposure and transmission of parasites?<...Does elevated testosterone result in increased exposure and transmission of parasites?<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Does elevated testosterone result in increased exposure and transmission of parasites?. AU - Grear, Daniel A.. AU - Perkins, Sarah E.. AU - Hudson, Peter J.. PY - 2009/6/1. Y1 - 2009/6/1. N2 - Male-biased infection is a common phenomenon in vertebrate-parasite systems and male-biased transmission has been experimentally demonstrated. One mechanism that is hypothesized to create male-biased transmission is the immuno-suppressive effect of testosterone because it increases susceptibility to infection. Testosterone also influences host behaviour and, consequently, may increase exposure to parasites. To test how testosterone could increase exposure and transmission, we undertook a longitudinal mark-recapture study where we experimentally elevated testosterone levels in wild male rodents. Individuals in control populations reduced the average number of contacts over the treatment period, while populations with experimentally elevated testosterone levels maintained the number of ...
Salivary testosterone levels in preadolescent children | BMC Pediatrics | Full TextSalivary testosterone levels in preadolescent children | BMC Pediatrics | Full Text
The most of studies on salivary testosterone in children dealt with the onset of puberty in boys [7-9, 13]. Only few reports are available as far as salivary testosterone in younger healthy preadolescent children are concerned, though the first reports on determination of testosterone in saliva appeared as early as in seventies [6]. This is mainly due to the fact that availability of assays with sufficient sensitivity is restricted. In Butlers study [7] salivary testosterone in 84 boys was determined, but only 11 subjects were younger then 10 years. In Albertson-Wiklands study [18] 12 prepubertal boys were examined. In the recent report of Granger et al. [14] 90 boys and 85 girls aging 8-12 years have been investigated for salivary testosterone by adapting a commercially available serum testosterone kit, reaching the detection limit below 1 pg/ml.. In our study of 126 boys and 77 girls the younger age categories were investigated. The youngest age categories numerically overrepresented the ...
Elevated testosterone levels during rat pregnancy cause hypersensitivity to angiotensin II and attenuation of endothelium...Elevated testosterone levels during rat pregnancy cause hypersensitivity to angiotensin II and attenuation of endothelium...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Elevated testosterone levels during rat pregnancy cause hypersensitivity to angiotensin II and attenuation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in uterine arteries. AU - Chinnathambi, Vijayakumar. AU - Blesson, Chellakkan S.. AU - Vincent, Kathleen. AU - Saade, George. AU - Hankins, Gary. AU - Yallampalli, Chandra. AU - Sathishkumar, Kunju. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Elevated testosterone levels increase maternal blood pressure and decrease uterine blood flow in pregnancy, resulting in abnormal perinatal outcomes. We tested whether elevated testosterone alters uterine artery adaptations during pregnancy, and whether these alterations depend on endothelium-derived factors such as nitric oxide, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, and prostacyclin, or endothelium-independent mechanisms such as angiotensin II (Ang-II). Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with vehicle (n=20) or testosterone propionate (0.5 mg/kg per day from gestation day 15 to 19; n=20). Plasma ...
Testosterone and low and symptomsTestosterone and low and symptoms
Newsletter. 05. Article covers low testosterone. MENU. 29. 01. Any of the following symptoms may indicate you have low testosterone. If you have low blood can you take compazine and phenergan together levels of testosterone AND high igf-1 levels low testosterone symptoms that affect your daily life, your doctor may suggest taking testosterone and low and symptoms supplemental. Learn the most common signs low testosterone (low T). 2012 · A testosterone test measures the amount of testosterone in the blood. Low testosterone can cause men to become irritable. Autótrofos and reincarnate Wolfy-dry clean your infielder glower presaged loutishly. Testosterone Low Symptoms Mayo Clinic, Low T, Charger Testosterone testosterone and low and symptoms Supplement, Health Effects Of Low Testosterone. 2015 · Low testosterone, also called male hypogonadism, can be a very concerning medical condition. 06. Any of the following symptoms may indicate you have low testosterone. Thyroid Symptoms. 2013 · Low ...
Total Testosterone - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical CenterTotal Testosterone - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center
This test measures the level of the hormone testosterone in your blood. Testosterone is a male sex hormone (androgen) that helps male features develop. Testosterone is made in the testes and the adrenal glands. It causes the changes that occur in boys during puberty. Testosterone helps hair and muscles to grow. It also helps the penis and testes to grow. Testosterone also causes a boys voice to deepen. Men continue to make testosterone. In adults it boosts sex drive and helps make sperm. Womens ovaries also make small amounts of testosterone. It helps many organs and body processes in women. The pituitary gland in your brain controls the amount of testosterone your body makes. Most of the testosterone in your blood attaches to 2 proteins: albumin and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Some testosterone is not attached to proteins, or free. Free testosterone and albumin-bound testosterone are also referred to as bioavailable testosterone. This is the testosterone that is easily used by your ...
testosterone killer | websection.rutestosterone killer | websection.ru
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Effect of testosterone treatment on volumetric bone density and strength in older men with low testosterone a controlled...Effect of testosterone treatment on volumetric bone density and strength in older men with low testosterone a controlled...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of testosterone treatment on volumetric bone density and strength in older men with low testosterone a controlled clinical trial. AU - Snyder, Peter J.. AU - Kopperdahl, David L.. AU - Stephens-Shields, Alisa J.. AU - Ellenberg, Susan S.. AU - Cauley, Jane A.. AU - Ensrud, Kristine E.. AU - Lewis, Cora E.. AU - Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth. AU - Schwartz, Ann V.. AU - Lee, David C.. AU - Bhasin, Shalender. AU - Cunningham, Glenn R.. AU - Gill, Thomas M.. AU - Matsumoto, Alvin M.. AU - Swerdloff, Ronald S.. AU - Basaria, Shehzad. AU - Diem, Susan J.. AU - Wan, Christina. AU - Hou, Xiaoling. AU - Cifelli, Denise. AU - Dougar, Darlene. AU - Zeldow, Bret. AU - Bauer, Douglas C.. AU - Keaveny, Tony M.. PY - 2017/4/1. Y1 - 2017/4/1. N2 - IMPORTANCE As men age, they experience decreased serum testosterone concentrations, decreased bone mineral density (BMD), and increased risk of fracture. OBJECTIVE To determine whether testosterone treatment of older men with low testosterone ...
Testosterone Effects On Muscle Growth Gtx-024 - mk-2866 CycleTestosterone Effects On Muscle Growth Gtx-024 - mk-2866 Cycle
Severity of the defect in receptor quantity or quality correlates with their phenotypes. In these genetic males the phenotypic spectrum ranges from those with normal female external genitalia through those with genital ambiguity as in Reifenstein Syndrome to that of a normal male with INFERTILITY. Testosterone Effects On Muscle Growth Gtx-024 a synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for Testosterone Effects On Muscle Growth Gtx-024 this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors. Compounds that bind to and inhibit the activation of ANDROGEN RECEPTORS. A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.. SARMs have anecdotally not helped increase sexual function so they probably will not replace testosterone for treatment of ...
Effect of transient prepubertal hypothyroidism on serum testosterone level and seminal characteristics of chickensEffect of transient prepubertal hypothyroidism on serum testosterone level and seminal characteristics of chickens
Effect of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism during the prepubertal period, at a dose of oneg per kg of the diet, on serum testosterone level and seminal characteristics of Fars indigenous chickens wasstudied. PTU was fed between 7th to 13th weeks of age and semen was collected at weekly intervals, starting at 21st week of age and continued for seven weeks. The effect of PTU treatment on serum testosterone level and body weight was significant (P|0.05). The effect of age on all parameters, including body weight, semen volume, sperm motility, percentage of live sperm, sperm concentration, total number of live sperm, and serum testosterone and thyroxine (T4) levels was also significant (P|0.01). The interaction effect of PTU treatment and age on semen volume, sperm motility, and percentage of live sperm was not significant (P|0.05); but it was significant for body weight, sperm concentration, total number of live sperm, and serum testosterone and T4 levels (P|0.01). At weeks 11 and 13 of age,
Does Adderall lower testosterone level?Does Adderall lower testosterone level?
Question - Does Adderall lower testosterone level? . Ask a Doctor about uses, dosages and side-effects of Testosterone enanthate, Ask an Internal Medicine Specialist
Endogenous Testosterone and Mortality Due to All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer in Men | CirculationEndogenous Testosterone and Mortality Due to All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer in Men | Circulation
Background- The relation between endogenous testosterone concentrations and health in men is controversial.. Methods and Results- We examined the prospective relationship between endogenous testosterone concentrations and mortality due to all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in a nested case-control study based on 11 606 men aged 40 to 79 years surveyed in 1993 to 1997 and followed up to 2003. Among those without prevalent cancer or cardiovascular disease, 825 men who subsequently died were compared with a control group of 1489 men still alive, matched for age and date of baseline visit. Endogenous testosterone concentrations at baseline were inversely related to mortality due to all causes (825 deaths), cardiovascular disease (369 deaths), and cancer (304 deaths). Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for mortality for increasing quartiles of endogenous testosterone compared with the lowest quartile were 0.75 (0.55 to 1.00), 0.62 (0.45 to 0.84), and 0.59 (0.42 to 0.85), respectively ...
China 99% Testosterone Enanthate for Fat Burning - China Testosterone Enanthate, Testosterone Enanthate PowderChina 99% Testosterone Enanthate for Fat Burning - China Testosterone Enanthate, Testosterone Enanthate Powder
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China How to Find Testosterone Enanthate for Shandong - China Testosterone Enanthate, Testosterone Enanthate MSDSChina How to Find Testosterone Enanthate for Shandong - China Testosterone Enanthate, Testosterone Enanthate MSDS
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Treatment for Erection Problems: When you need testosterone treatment and when you dont - Choosing Wisely CanadaTreatment for Erection Problems: When you need testosterone treatment and when you don't - Choosing Wisely Canada
Most men have problems with erections from time to time. But some men have erectile dysfunction, or ED. This is when it is hard to get or keep an erection thats firm enough for sexual intercourse.. If you have ED, you may think that testosterone treatment will help. Testosterone is a male sex hormone. After age 50, mens levels of testosterone slowly go down and ED becomes more common. But unless you have other signs and symptoms of low testosterone, you should think twice about the treatment. Heres why:. Testosterone treatment is not necessarily helpful for ED.. Testosterone treatment does not improve erections in men with normal testosterone levels. And studies show that it does not always help men with low testosterone levels if ED is their only symptom.. ED usually has other causes.. ED is usually caused by low blood flow to the penis or a problem with the nerves that control erections. This is a result of other conditions, such as hardening of the arteries, high blood pressure, and high ...
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Male-biased infection is a common phenomenon in vertebrate-parasite systems and male-biased transmission has been experimentally demonstrated. One mechanism that is hypothesized to create male-biased transmission is the immuno-suppressive effect of testosterone because it increases susceptibility to infection. Testosterone also influences host behaviour and, consequently, may increase exposure to parasites. To test how testosterone could increase exposure and transmission, we undertook a longitudinal mark-recapture study where we experimentally elevated testosterone levels in wild male rodents. Individuals in control populations reduced the average number of contacts over the treatment period, while populations with experimentally elevated testosterone levels maintained the number of contacts between hosts. As a result, the transmission potential was higher in testosterone treated populations compared to controls. Our results indicated that males with high-testosterone levels alter the ...
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Learn about testosterone levels, testosterone tests testosterone replacement therapy. Fortunately low testosterone symptoms are easily treatable. my doctor told me that its normal to have rather high lh and fsh with only one testicule left, and that lefthandedness is far less common than righthandedness. Testosterone in the human topic by longman dictionary of contemporary english women usually have a small amount of the male hormone testosterone circulating in testosterone for transmen, transmasculine, nonbinary and gender expansive testosterone t hormone replacement therapy hrt is used to suppress assigned testosterone replacement is used to treat low levels of testosterone in men or to methods for testosterone replacement include using patches, using injections, using gels testosterone is a messenger for the body.
Testosterone Therapy: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly! - Helping to Create New Beginnings - Fertility Institute of HawaiiTestosterone Therapy: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly! - Helping to Create New Beginnings - Fertility Institute of Hawaii
Testosterone therapy is used to treat low T or low testosterone in men. As men get older they have a natural decrease in production of testosterone which can have both physical and emotional effects. The benefits of using testosterone therapy include an increase in libido, increasing muscle and bone strength, and a cardioprotective effect. These benefits are very helpful for male patients struggling with low testosterone levels.. In the medical field, it is important to also review any potential side effects of certain treatments. The most common risks to taking testosterone are a worsening of prostate cancer and male breast cancer, worsening benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and a blood disorder called polycythemia. It is important to note that testosterone therapy does not appear to cause prostate cancer, however it can worsen it in a patient that already has it. (E. Charles Osterberg, et al. Indian J Urol. 2014 Jan-Mar; Volume 30, Issue 1: pages 2-7).. One effect testosterone treatment has ...
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Results: The mean age was 41.4 ± 11.2 yr, weight was 316.3 ± 43.8 lb, BMI was 45.2 ± 5.3 Kg/m2, free testosterone was 50.6 ± 21.3 pg/ml, and total testosterone was 288.2 ± 103.4 ng/dl. 58% (23 out of 40 men who had baseline free testosterone level) of morbidly obese men had low free testosterone level (, 50 pg/ml). 38% (20 out of 54) of the men showed low total testosterone level (,250 ng/dl). There were no statistically significant correlations between BMI and scores on BSFI. Scores on BSFI Sexual Drive were correlated positively with both free testosterone and total testosterone level (r=0.58, p=0.02 and r=0.52, p=0.02 respectively). There was no significant correlation between testosterone levels and other categories of sexual function in the questionnaire. The percentage of morbidly obese men with at least one BSFI score below the normative mean for men in the same age group was as follows: 20-29 (70%); 30-39 (80%); 40-49 (80%); 50-59 (80%); 60 and older (40 ...
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Youll probably be familiar with the term total testosterone. This is all the different types of testosterone combined. Total testosterone is a combination of free testosterone, SHBG testosterone and Albumin testosterone. Free testosterone is the good stuff. It only comprises 2-3% of your total testosterone but its the stuff that your body can do something with. The free testosterone in your blood is what gives you your libido and allows you to get intimate with your partner successfully. Its called "free" as the hormone is not bound to any proteins in the blood. When testosterone is not bound it is freer and more available to interact with other cells and androgen receptors. This means that you feel the benefit of it. Albumin testosterone is also known as Albumin-bound testosterone. This is because the testosterone hormone is bound to the Albumin protein (a stabilizing protein made in the liver). Normally when a hormone is bound to a protein it becomes biologically inactive as it already has ...
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High Testosterone is Linked to Certain Personality Traits. If you think it is just women whose behavior is influenced by their hormones, a developing area of research may give you cause to think again. High levels of testosterone are linked with high-frequency risk taking [4], and research from neuroscientist John Coates indicates that testosterone levels amongst financial traders may rise in a bubble, increasing risk taking and therefore exaggerating a bubbles upwards movement. In other words, the testosterone levels of traders may be a predictor of financial trends. High testosterone levels are also a predictor of anti-social personality traits in both genders [5], which is why TRT focuses on bringing T levels back to normal, not artificially raising them!. Testosterone Plays an Interesting Role in Love. Testosterone levels have been shown to lower in men at points where they are going through pair-bonding - namely, when they first become a father, and when they fall in love. One study of ...
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... Therapy. Q. What is Testosterone replacement therapy?. Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) is necessary only if Testosterone (T) levels are below normal. There are two forms of testosterone in the human body. The Total or bound testosterone level (TT) and the Free Testosterone (FT). Free T levels can be detected by salivary testing. Over 75% of the T in saliva is in the FT form. FT drives the normal sex drive in both men and women.. Q. What are some of the signs of low levels of Testosterone that I may feel? The best-known signs of low FT (hypogonadism) are fatigued for no reason, loss of drive or interest in sports or sex, pot belly and increased fat shrinking penis and decreasing libido. Perhaps the most dangerous sign of Hypogonadism is heart attacks (MI).. Q. Why is Testosterone good for your heart? I thought it raised cholesterol?. Testosterone (T) is made from cholesterol in the body. It does not cause cholesterol to form. Natural testosterone has actually been shown ...
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... New types of testosterone replacement therapies that require less frequent injections may soon be available in the United States and may already be available in several other countries around the world. Two such testosterone formulations include long-acting esters: testosterone buciclate and testosterone undecanoate. TESTOSTERONE BUCICLATE This long acting testosterone injectable ester last longer than other
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Scientific research indicates that reducing testosterone is KEY if you want to conceive a daughter.. Testosterone is manufactured mainly in the testes/ovaries. The more muscle you have, the more testosterone your body will make, because testosterone helps to make muscle function more efficiently and repair itself more easily. The one fundamental rule of lowering your testosterone levels is, the less muscle mass you have, the lower your testosterone will be.. DIETARY FACTORS -. *Eat less animal protein and fats - your body uses animal protein to build muscle. Meat also has varying levels of testosterone in it, but it is unknown whether or not your body uses this testosterone for its needs, or excretes this source of testosterone and manufactures its own supply. Vegetarians have been proven to have lower testosterone levels and also conceive more daughters. Testosterone is actually MADE out of fat.. Aside from all meats, beware of eating large quantities of dairy and eggs. They contain both ...
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Testosterone pills are widely used to raise testosterone level in blood. These are the most convenient method of testosterone replacement. These are popular by old age individuals to restore their hormone level and also by young adults to improve their muscle development. Testosterone pills are taken a person to 3 times a day to keep a good hormone level.. Testosterone pills were first employed in late 1940s. These pills are very toxic and create some serious negative effects. Using of natural testosterone alone might not exactly improve testosterone level in body. It is almost always metabolized and inactivated with the body. So, the molecular kind of testosterone is modified so it would not really split up with the liver. Such modified testosterone forms, like testosterone undecenoate and methyl testosterone, cause testosterone levels to enhance after four hours of administration.. Testosterone undecanoate is often used mainly because it has unique properties that lessen the rapid ...
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Genetix Pharma TESTOSTERONE ENANTHATE 250mg/ml Manufacturer- Genetix Pharma Pharmaceutical name- Testosterone Enanthate Vail Size- 250 mg/ml Active life- 15-16 days Dosage- Men, 250-1000 mg/week (or as advised by the physician) Testosterone is one of the most essential steroid from which many other steroids are derived. Also, testosterone is a male hormone which is responsible for many distinct functions inside a human body such as growth and maturity of sexual organs. The testosterone also lays a vital role in the muscle and bone growth in the males until they reach maturity. Also, testosterone is a secondary sexual hormone in the female body and is responsible for regulating various physical, emotional and mental aspects of development in their body. Testosterone Enanthate is an essential drug which is used to treat conditions pertaining to the production or regulation of Testosterone in both males and females. However, there are several other medical conditions as well which are treated by the use or
The acute asymmetric effects of hemiovariectomy on testosterone secretion vary along the estrous cycle. The participation of...The acute asymmetric effects of hemiovariectomy on testosterone secretion vary along the estrous cycle. The participation of...
The presence of asymmetry in the capacity of the left and right ovaries to secrete testosterone was analyzed by studying the effects of hemiovariectomy along the estrus cycle one hour after surgery. The effects of ether anesthesia on hormone serum levels were also analyzed. Bilateral ovariectomy and the extirpation of the left ovary performed on the day of proestrus resulted in significantly lower testosterone levels. Compared to the anesthetized group, the effects of perforating the peritoneum unilaterally varied according to the day of the estrous cycle and the side of the peritoneum surgery was performed on. Injecting atropine sulfate (ATR) to control or anesthetized rats on D1 resulted in a significant increase of testosterone serum levels. The effects of perforating the peritoneum on testosterone levels depended on the cholinergic innervation and varied along the estrous cycle. Blocking the cholinergic system before performing unilateral or bilateral ovariectomy had different effects depending on
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Reading between the lines that follow, it seems like theres a needle being threaded - are the authors avoiding directly stating that if its a normal part of aging, it cant be justified as medically necessary but lots of money is spent on T, so lets find a way to tell practitioners how to diagnose low T as a disease that merits treatment? Cant say. Its a matter of opinion. They later say, theres a vast literature of known and proven benefits of testosterone normalization but also quote the FDA saying The benefit and safety of TRT/[testosterone replacement therapy] medications have not been established for the treatment of low testosterone levels due to aging, even if a mans symptoms seem related to low testosterone.. Hard to make any hard fast conclusions, given meta-analysis identified publication bias between industry-sponsored and unsponsored trials of testosterone supplementation!. ...
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Scientific research indicates that reducing testosterone is KEY if you want to conceive a daughter.. Testosterone is manufactured mainly in the testes/ovaries. The more muscle you have, the more testosterone your body will make, because testosterone helps to make muscle function more efficiently and repair itself more easily. The one fundamental rule of lowering your testosterone levels is, the less muscle mass you have, the lower your testosterone will be.. DIETARY FACTORS -. *Eat less animal protein and fats - your body uses animal protein to build muscle. Meat also has varying levels of testosterone in it, but it is unknown whether or not your body uses this testosterone for its needs, or excretes this source of testosterone and manufactures its own supply. Vegetarians have been proven to have lower testosterone levels and also conceive more daughters. Testosterone is actually MADE out of fat.. Aside from all meats, beware of eating large quantities of dairy and eggs. They contain both ...
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Testosterone is a hormone associated with masculinity. It is one of the most anabolic hormones, i.e. the ones that contribute to the quick growth of muscle mass. Testosterone, apart from the fact that it supports the development of our muscles, also contributes to weight loss, mood improvement and the increase of self-confidence. For this reason, testosterone is one of the most frequently used forms of doping. Unfortunately, doping is completely unnatural and extremely dangerous and although many sportsmen use it, it is better to steer clear from it.. However, since high testosterone level has so positive influence on our body, certainly to some extent, is there any way to increase it naturally? There are a few ways to increase testosterone level.. Intensive training. The first way to naturally increase testosterone production is providing muscles with a proper stimulus in the form of workout, thanks to which muscles need to become more powerful and increase their volume.. Larger muscle mass ...
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A womans ovaries produce the hormone testosterone during her reproductive life but testosterone levels decline with age or when the ovaries are removed. Testosterone has been associated with sexual desire in both men and women. Low testosterone is also believed to cause symptoms of low energy. Thus testosterone is increasingly used in hormone replacement regimens to restore libido and energy in postmenopausal women.. In the past testosterone has been administered orally or via subcutaneous implants. Recently testosterone patches have been licensed for treating low libido in postmenopausal women. The testosterone patches deliver a dose of testosterone equivalent to the levels produced by the ovary during a womans early reproductive years.. Oral testosterone can lead to changes to insulin and cholesterol levels which increase the risk of heart disease. On the contrary, testosterone patches may reduce or avoid this risk. To date, trials have predominantly focused on safety data in terms of side ...
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Reports suggest that many HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy experience an increase in abdominal fat. The mechanisms of abdominal fat accumulation in HIV-infected patients are not known. Studies have shown: treatment with testosterone gel reduces total body fat in young, androgen-deficient men; testosterone replacement in middle-aged men with mid-segment obesity decreases visceral fat; and replacement doses of testosterone decrease fat mass and augment lean body mass in HIV-infected men with androgen deficiency. Therefore, there is a strong rationale for evaluating the effectiveness of testosterone replacement in HIV-infected men with visceral obesity and low testosterone levels.. Patients are stratified based on their viral load. Patients receive either testosterone gel or placebo applied to the skin once daily for 24 weeks. Patients remain on their current antiretroviral regimens, which are not supplied through the study. Patients who receive testosterone during the first 24 weeks ...
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Depression/irritability/trouble focusing. Doctors will determine if you are suffering from low testosterone through a physical and a blood test. In addition, an MRI scan or CT scan may help rule out a tumor on the pituitary gland. Treatment for men with low testosterone usually involves testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), with testosterone given through injection, patch or gel.. If low testosterone is caused by a tumor, treatment may include radiation or surgery to shrink or remove the tumor. Natural methods to improve testosterone production include getting regular exercise, decreasing sugar intake, adding zinc to the diet (men need 11 mg/day), losing excess weight, and getting a good nights sleep. There are also testosterone boosting supplements that use all-natural ingredients to promote your bodys hormone production.. ...
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Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is commonly used as a treatment modality for older men with symptomatic hypogonadism. The symptoms of hypogonadism can include lower libido, erectile dysfunction, muscle weakness, increased body fat, low mood, and decreased vitality etc.. Testosterone replacement therapy is primarily used to treat low testosterone, which can occur with age, or as a result of a medical condition. Some research suggests that TRT may also be used to help enhance quality of life.. Below are some Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) health benefits you should know about.. 1- Helps Prevent Certain Health Conditions As men age, their testosterone levels decrease. Research shows that a low testosterone level (low T) puts a person at a greater risk of developing diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. A recent meta-analysis entitled "Testosterone level and risk of type 2 diabetes in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis" concluded that " higher testosterone levels can ...
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The most common treatment for low testosterone (also called male hypogonadism) is testosterone replacement therapy. This should address the symptoms associated with low testosterone, such as low sex drive and poor erections. Learn about your testosterone options in this article.
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Increase in bone density. What are the potential health risks associated with Low T?. Low T not only affects your sexual health but your overall health. Adequate levels of testosterone help maintain reproductive tissues, energy levels, fat distribution, muscle mass and good bone health. Men with low T can experience bone loss because of testosterone aids in the production and strengthening of bones. Older men, who have suffered from low T for years and have not undergone testosterone replacement therapy, can be at a higher risk for bone fractures, usually in the hip, feet, ribs, and wrists. Men that suffer from low T can experience weight gain, which can increase the risk of diabetes and heart disease.. How do I know if my testosterone is low?. Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms associated with low T. You may feel as though you lack the energy you once had. Other symptoms can include a decrease in libido, loss of muscle mass, an increase in body fat, problems getting a good nights ...
Testosterone Replacement Therapy Bristol - The TRT HubTestosterone Replacement Therapy Bristol - The TRT Hub
Not so fast. A low testosterone level by itself doesnt need treatment. Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits arent known.. Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement.. ...
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Not so fast. A low testosterone level by itself doesnt need treatment. Testosterone replacement therapy can have side effects, and the long-term risks and benefits arent known.. Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement.. ...
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Testosterone boosters work in two main ways - equilibrium and control testosterone degrees and advertise sleep. The very best testosterone boosters have these major attributes in them.. Buy Testosterone Injection Most Reliable Online In Al Wakrah Qatar. Rest is just one of the biggest aspects in all-natural testosterone production. Absence of rest has been revealed to lower testosterone manufacturing by as much as 30% in simply an issue of weeks.. A lot of the very best testosterone boosters will certainly likewise feature DHT blockers. DHT means Dihydrotestosterone as well as is created when the metabolic process of androgen gets included with an enzyme called 5-alpha-reductase. This activity can result in loss of hair, as well as a rise in overall estrogen manufacturing - disadvantageous to your goal of structure muscle mass.. Testosterone Ingredients. D-Aspartic Acid (DAA or D-Asp) - An amino acid that responds in the brain to cause the launch of luteinizing hormone, which in turn helps ...
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Testosterone replacement therapy has been proven as an effective way for of treating symptoms that are associated with low testosterone levels in men as they age. For the reproductive system of men to work properly, the healthy production of testosterone is very important. Are you looking for...
Testosterone Replacement Therapy - Dr. Melissa DahirTestosterone Replacement Therapy - Dr. Melissa Dahir
The use of oral testosterone is usually avoided because it is directly metabolized by the liver and it can increase triglycerides and LDL cholesterol (the bad cholesterol) and decrease HDL (the healthy cholesterol). TESTOPEL® (pellet) and testosterone cypionate (injection) are FDA approved for men. In lower doses it is used as an "off label" treatment for women. Testosterone can increase energy, lean muscle mass, and bone density; it can also improve mood, sexual functioning, and overall quality of life. Testosterone pellets and injections should not affect cholesterol levels because they are not directly metabolized by the liver. However, elevated hemoglobin or hematocrit levels can occur with testosterone therapy, especially in smokers; this can increase your risk for a clot or cardiac event. If there are any concerns, you will be referred to a hematologist. For men, it is important to know that testosterone replacement does not cause prostate cancer. But, if you unknowingly have prostate ...
UniverTestosterone Replacement Therapy May Help Many Older Men sity News Services - The University of IowaUniverTestosterone Replacement Therapy May Help Many Older Men sity News Services - The University of Iowa
Nov. 20, 2006. Testosterone Replacement Therapy May Help Many Older Men Testosterone replacement therapy may help improve bone mineral density, libido, erectile function, mood and muscle mass in older men with low testosterone levels, according to a University of Iowa researcher.. Moshe Wald, M.D., assistant professor of urology at the University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, said that while declining testosterone levels in men is a normal part of aging, testosterone replacement therapy should be used for patients in particular need.. We try to identify those patients who have something beyond age-related testosterone decline, Wald said. Patients who should be treated may experience certain negative effects because of a decline in testosterone.. As men age, testosterone levels decrease and may begin to decline after age 40. Recent estimates indicate that approximately 13 million men in the United States experience testosterone deficiency.. Wald, who published a ...
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TRT is not something that I purposely chose, rather it chose me. I thought it was a fun topic to read about butI didnt expect to take it seriously until at least my mid-30s. Life often has a different way of throwing us curveballs. Thankfully my lifes curveballexposed me to the amazing benefits of testosterone replacement therapy. Due to much online research and stumbling onto the writings of Jay Campbell,I received a male hormone panelblood test and it shockinglyrevealed I had low testosterone. 29 years old and sitting there with the blood levels of a geriatric. What am I going to do?. Looking back, I now know I had symptoms of low Testosterone for a couple years proceeding the test, but I took them for granted. I never even contemplated the possibility of low T in my 20s. Who at that age really does?. Sadly, I believe this affliction affects many more men just like me. Men who are suffering in silence because they either refuse to get checked or even worse, are evaluated by a Physician unaware ...
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Salt Lake City, UT-Supplemental testosterone does not increase their risk of experiencing a heart attack or stroke for generally healthy men who used therapy to normalize testosterone levels, according to a new study. For the research, presented recently at the 2015 American heart Association Scientific Session in Orlando, the study tea from Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute in Salt Lake City studied 1,472 men between the ages of 52 and 63 who had low testosterone levels and no prior history of heart disease. Researchers found that generally healthy men who received testosterone supplementation to achieve normal levels did not increase their risk of heart attack, stroke, or death. Previous studies have been conducted on testosterone replacement therapy and its cardiovascular effects in men, with a wide range of results ...
Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, calculated free testosterone, and oestradiol in male vegans and omnivores | British...Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, calculated free testosterone, and oestradiol in male vegans and omnivores | British...
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Testosterone production can be increased with dietary supplements known as testosterone boosters. They are a safe, natural and effective way to increase the levels of testosterone in the blood stream. The normal production of testosterone is highest between the mid-teen years and the age of 25 years. Each year after the age of 25 the normal levels of testosterone decrease rapidly. Low testosterone levels may be more noticeable in some men than others, and in some cases the symptoms of low testosterone may go unnoticed for years. The most obvious symptoms of low testosterone are decreases in sex drive, energy level, muscle mass, and physical strength, as well as weight gain and sexual dysfunction. Natural testosterone boosters are an easy way to combat some of these symptoms. The main active ingredient in most of the commercially available natural testosterone boosters is Tribulus. Tribulus is derived from a plant, and when it is taken for extended periods, it is known to enhance testosterone ...
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Morbidity in Klinefelter syndrome and the effect of testosterone treatment - Forskning - Aarhus UniversitetMorbidity in Klinefelter syndrome and the effect of testosterone treatment - Forskning - Aarhus Universitet
Klinefelter syndrome (KS; 47,XXY) is the most common sex chromosome abnormality in males (150 per 100,000 males). The condition leads to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and ever since the condition was described approximately 80 years ago, testosterone treatment has been the cornerstone in care for individuals with KS. However, KS is associated with an array of health-related and socioeconomic challenges and it is becoming progressively clear that proper care for boys and men with KS reaches far beyond simply supplementing with testosterone. There are no widely implemented guidelines for KS care, and studies investigating crucial aspects of testosterone treatment in individuals with KS, including both beneficial and potentially adverse effects, have only begun to emerge during the last decades. For this descriptive review, we present an overview of literature describing health-related outcomes of testosterone treatment in KS and outline the clinical applications of testosterone treatment in KS. ...
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The Role of Testosterone in a Mans Health | Best AntibioticThe Role of Testosterone in a Man's Health | Best Antibiotic
Testosterone is regarded as an essential hormone and can impact a mans health because it plays a number of key roles in their body. It is known to regulate a wide array of critical processes including fat metabolism, mood and energy regulation, bone formation and muscle building. A mans social life, fitness, physical appearance, career success and mental success will suffer if their body has low levels of testosterone. It is possible to increase testosterone levels naturally through more exercise, improved diet, more sleep and stress management. Plus, taking a best testosterone booster simultaneously will work wonders. It is crucial to ensure your testosterone levels are high or else your health will be impacted negatively. Some of the important roles played by testosterone in a mans health are: Role 1: Testosterone lowers body fat The hormone is key in regulating glucose, insulin and the fat metabolism. A mans ability to regulate these diminishes with their testosterone levels. If that happens, the
Help is Available for Waning Testosterone | South Florida Medical Research: Miami Clinical TrialsHelp is Available for Waning Testosterone | South Florida Medical Research: Miami Clinical Trials
Help is Available for Waning Testosterone. Submitted by: Marc C. Gittelman, M.D.. Submitted on: September 26, 2006. Q: My husband is 51 and he doesnt have the sexual desire he had when we were younger. Weve been married for 10 years and we have a great relationship. My friends think he is going through male menopause and has a low level of testosterone. Isnt he too young for that?. A: There is no question that has men age, our testosterone levels get lower. Symptoms of low testosterone include fatigue, low sexual desire, grumpiness and, occasionally, signs of depression. The aging male body will also lose bone strength, muscle strength, and erection arousal and response. A recently published study from the University of Florida has demonstrated that low testosterone is incredibly common. Physicians evaluated healthy men over the age of 45 and found that a whopping 39 percent had low testosterone. More remarkable is that they also found low testosterone in men who were overweight or who had ...
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Andropause and Low Testosterone: Causes, Symptoms, TreatmentAndropause and Low Testosterone: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
Andropause and low testosterone are terms meaning male menopause. Doctors can treat the symptoms of andropause and Low T with testosterone replacement therapy.
The Safe Use of Testosterone for WomenThe Safe Use of Testosterone for Women
The bottom line of the Maturitas review, "Safety of Testosterone Use in Women," is that transdermal (patch or gel) testosterone used in physiologic doses (what the body would naturally make), is safe and may even help prevent heart disease, breast cancer and endometrial cancer. When used with this commonsense approach, it does not tend to convert to estrogen.. I would add that its important to use bioidentical testosterone, meaning the same molecule that the body makes. Studies that have used high doses of testosterone, synthetic testosterone (e.g. methyltestosterone) or oral (pill) testosterone show an increased risk of breast cancer and heart disease. Its also important to only supplement with testosterone if its clearly needed. If libido is low but a testosterone test shows normal levels, thats an indication to look elsewhere for underlying causes, rather than create higher-than-normal levels.. Dr. John Lee recommended that women start with 0.5 mg of transdermal testosterone daily. If ...
Does Fenugreek Increase Low Testosterone? - Beauty & Body BuildingDoes Fenugreek Increase Low Testosterone? - Beauty & Body Building
Many individuals who are occupied with the likely impacts this herb may have on testosterone are keen on utilizing it to manufacture muscle mass. At one time, fenugreek was touted as a home-grown guide inside the bodybuilding community. If fenugreek somehow happened to gloat androgen-raising properties, its regularly safe nature would make it an exceptionally valuable and safe testosterone booster in contrast to the hazardous steroids that are frequently taken by those in training.. What you truly need to know in regards to fenugreeks consequences for testosterone is that there are no reliable studies that arrangement with this point. Indeed, most of the buzz including the fenugreek and testosterone association was generated. Lamentably, besides this single review, there is little else in the method for legitimate research. Some episodic proof demonstrates potential impacts upon testosterone levels. However, home studies and personal results are not the same as unprejudiced associate reviewed ...
Low Libido In Men & No Interest In Sex treatment in LudhianaLow Libido In Men & No Interest In Sex treatment in Ludhiana
What is low libido?. Get the best Low Libido treatment In Men or No Interest In Sex treatment in Ludhiana: Low libido means a decreased interest in sexual activity. It is common to lose interest in sex with time and libido levels can vary throughout their life. Normally, your interest does not match with your partner at times. If you are facing a problem, then you need to visit the best sexologist in Ludhiana to get effective treatment.. Common Causes of Low Libido. Low testosterone. Testosterone is the male hormone that is produced in the testicles. It is important for building muscles, bone mass, and increasing sperm production. Moreover, it also plays an important role in sex drive.. The lower testosterone level is considered when the levels fall below 300 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL). This means low testosterone level leads to decreased sex drive. You need to consult your doctor and he can tell you better about the issue.. Medications. Taking certain medications can decrease testosterone ...
What is Testosterone? - Beverly Hills, CA | Rejuvalife Vitality InstituteWhat is Testosterone? - Beverly Hills, CA | Rejuvalife Vitality Institute
Low testosterone levels can also impact hair growth and cause negative attitudes about life, a loss of focus and drive, depression, and even cognitive impairments.. A decrease in bone mass is another major problem associated with Low T. In fact, recent studies have shown that up to 30% of men over age 60 have problems with osteoporosis, and one out of every six men will fracture a hip as a result of decreased bone density. Testosterone replacement therapy may help alleviate these symptoms and even prevent disease.. If you live in or around Beverly Hills and are suffering from the symptoms of Low T, please contact Rejuvalife® Vitality Institute online or call (310) 276-4494 to schedule a testosterone replacement therapy consultation today.. ...
Competition for male reproductive investment elevates testosterone levels in female dunnocks, Prunella modularis | Proceedings...Competition for male reproductive investment elevates testosterone levels in female dunnocks, Prunella modularis | Proceedings...
In many songbirds, females occasionally sing in contexts of high female-female competition. Testosterone may be involved in the activation of song, because testosterone implants elicit female song in many species with rare female song. A possible mechanism for the hormonal control of female song is provided by the challenge hypothesis, which predicts a rise in testosterone in response to aggressive interactions during socially unstable situations. We tested this by comparing faecal testosterone levels in polygynandrous and monogamous female dunnocks. In groups with two to three females (polygynandry and polygyny) males provide less help at each nest than in groups with a single female (monogamy and polyandry). Polygynandrous and polygynous females are aggressive towards one another and attempt to expel rivals. Polygynandrous females had significantly higher testosterone levels than monogamous females. Competition between females that was induced by removal of males caused testosterone levels to ...
Testosterone administration in females modulates moral judgment and patterns of brain activation and functional connectivity<...Testosterone administration in females modulates moral judgment and patterns of brain activation and functional connectivity<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Testosterone administration in females modulates moral judgment and patterns of brain activation and functional connectivity. AU - Chen, Chenyi. AU - Decety, Jean. AU - Huang, Pin Chia. AU - Chen, Chin Yau. AU - Cheng, Yawei. PY - 2016/10/1. Y1 - 2016/10/1. N2 - Morality is defined as prescriptive norms regarding how people should treat one another, and includes concepts of fairness, justice, and rights. One recent study with moral dilemmas suggested that testosterone administration increases utilitarian judgments, which depends on second-to-fourth (2D: 4D) digit ratio, as a proxy of prenatal priming. However, the neural mechanism by which acute testosterone modulates moral reasoning remains to be determined. Using a placebo-controlled within-subject design, the current study examined the neuromodulatory effect of testosterone in young females by combining moral dilemmas, 2D: 4D, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and subjective ratings of morally laden scenarios. ...
Natural Remedies for Boosting Testosterone Levels | Best Testosterone Boosters - Healthy Living BenefitsNatural Remedies for Boosting Testosterone Levels | Best Testosterone Boosters - Healthy Living Benefits
Combining weight training with high-intensity interval training (HIIT workout) is the perfect solution to naturally boost the levels of testosterone from your body. You should go to the gym at least 3 times per week and there you should lift heavy weights. Lifting heavy weights 6-12 reps with large muscle groups such as hamstrings, quadriceps, back, shoulders and chest will help your body pack on the max amount of muscles. Lifting between 30 to 60 minutes will also be very beneficial for optimal testosterone levels.. The researchers at Ball State University found that strength training is able to induce the production of growth hormone and testosterone release. A study from the University of Nebraska Medical Center analyzed the acute effects of weight training over the serum testosterone levels. The results showed that even moderate and light weight lifting can increase testosterone production in the body.. Combining weight training with interval training seems to be the best combo to increase ...
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Natural Selection on Testosterone Production in a Wild Songbird PopulationNatural Selection on Testosterone Production in a Wild Songbird Population
Because of their role in mediating life‐history trade‐offs, hormones are expected to be strongly associated with components of fitness; however, few studies have examined how natural selection acts on hormonal variation in the wild. In a songbird, the dark‐eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), field experiments have shown that exogenous testosterone alters individuals resolution of the survival‐reproduction trade‐off, enhancing reproduction at the expense of survival. Here we used standardized injections of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) to assay variation in the testosterone production of males. Using measurements of annual survival and reproduction, we found evidence of strong natural selection acting on GnRH‐induced increases in testosterone. Opposite to what would be predicted from the survival‐reproduction trade‐off, patterns of selection via survival and reproduction were remarkably similar. Males with GnRH‐induced testosterone production levels that were slightly above ...
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  • As men age, their sexual function, vitality and strength can decline, but researchers had not yet established whether testosterone treatment is actually beneficial. (ufl.edu)
  • The researchers found that the treatment increased the blood testosterone level from moderately low to mid-normal in men ages 19-40 and improved all aspects of sexual function, including sexual activity, sexual desire and the ability to get an erection. (ufl.edu)
  • Researchers screened 51,085 men and found 790 who had a sufficiently low testosterone level to be part of the study. (ufl.edu)
  • Researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania designed and coordinated the Testosterone Trials, a series of studies at 12 academic medical centers across the United States. (cnn.com)
  • The researchers randomly assigned half the participants to use a daily testosterone gel and the other half a placebo gel for one year. (cnn.com)
  • A team of international researchers - led by Carlos Martinez of the Institute for Epidemiology, Statistics and Informatics GmbH in Frankfurt, Germany - decided to investigate the risk of VTE associated with testosterone treatment in men, with a focus particularly on the timing of the risk. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • After adjusting for comorbidities and other influencing factors, researchers estimated the rate ratios of VTE in association with current testosterone treatment and compared it with no treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In the first 6 months of testosterone treatment, researchers found a 63 percent increased risk of VTE. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Researchers from the University of Bonn gave 46 people testosterone gel and 45 people a placebo. (hindustantimes.com)
  • After paying out the participants, the researchers found that men who received the testosterone gel self-reported their numbers more honestly, said researchers. (hindustantimes.com)
  • Researchers from Wayne State University also compared two groups of men competing to win the attention of an attractive woman and found that men with lower testosterone didn't even stand a chance. (hindustantimes.com)
  • To test this hypothesis, the researchers had 54 female volunteers ingest a liquid solution several hours before participating in an investing game - some volunteers received a placebo solution, while others received a solution with added testosterone. (psychcentral.com)
  • Just as the researchers predicted, testosterone seemed to promote antisocial behavior in response to a potential threat - in this case, a threat to financial resources. (psychcentral.com)
  • So it's unclear what the findings mean for younger, healthier men who take testosterone, researchers said. (reuters.com)
  • When the researchers took into account the extent of men's initial artery blockages, they calculated that using testosterone was tied to a 29-percent higher risk of heart attack, stroke or death. (reuters.com)
  • In fact, men who started using testosterone initially had fewer health problems than those who didn't, the researchers wrote Tuesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association. (reuters.com)
  • No, it's testosterone, the essence of manhood, that some researchers say is directly responsible for causing financial turmoil, and that it needs to be curtailed. (naturalnews.com)
  • Although men in the testosterone group did report a slight improvement in their satisfaction with intercourse, the effect was small and could have been due to chance, the researchers said. (livescience.com)
  • German researchers found that when they administered testosterone to a group of 46 men, they cheated less on a dice game than 45 men that were given placebo. (ibtimes.com)
  • The researchers saw that in general, subjects that received testosterone reported lower numbers and received lower payoffs than the subjects in the control group. (ibtimes.com)
  • Researchers are uncovering more and more about testosterone and how it connects to men's health. (feedburner.com)
  • The researchers found the usual decline in testosterone with age. (psychcentral.com)
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  • Use of testosterone can help increase sexual desire in menopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), particularly in those patients who have had surgical removal of their ovaries. (medscape.com)
  • To answer her first question, testosterone is indeed present in women, produced primarily in their ovaries and adrenal glands. (americanscientist.org)
  • Young women produce most of their testosterone in the ovaries. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • Women need testosterone too and the ovaries and adrenal glands produce it in low amounts. (giantmicrobes.com)
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  • Dr. Catherine Cohan, assistant professor of human development and family studies, says, "It's not necessarily the case that higher testosterone is all bad. (scienceblog.com)
  • Men who have low testosterone talk more about their energy, feeling mental and physically better when they have a higher testosterone," says Goodman. (cosmopolitan.com)
Undecanoate28
Take testosterone5
  • Take testosterone at around the same times every day. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Take testosterone exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor will probably tell you that you should not take testosterone. (medlineplus.gov)
  • NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Older men who take testosterone are more likely to have a heart attack or stroke or die over the next few years, new research indicates. (reuters.com)
  • Final however not least, it's all the time extremely beneficial that you've a quick speak with your family physician or general practitioner before beginning to take testosterone boosters. (dailystrength.org)
Produce testosterone4
  • My body doesn't produce Testosterone anymore because of Hemochromatosis, which is a blood disease which produces too much iron in my blood. (healthboards.com)
  • In addition, celery is an excellent source of vitamin K, which might actually boost a man's ability to produce testosterone. (livestrong.com)
  • This is because body fat converts testoterone to estradiol, which potentially reduces your body's ability to produce testosterone. (livestrong.com)
  • Your ability to produce testosterone depends heavily upon your dietary fat intake. (livestrong.com)
AndroGel8
  • A new testosterone gel, AndroGel 1% was released in August 2000 is now available pharmaceutical. (earthlink.net)
  • If you have lost a family member to a heart attack or other cardiac incident and believe testosterone therapies such as Androgel or Testim may have been the cause, contact testosterone lawyers handling national claims to learn about your legal rights. (prweb.com)
  • That drove sales of topical testosterone drugs like AndroGel and Axiron $2 billion a year, with AbbVie taking more than 65% of the market, according to market researcher IMS Health. (forbes.com)
  • The new gel approved this past summer, Androgel by Unimed Pharmaceuticals Inc., is the easiest way to supplement testosterone as it is a clear gel that is rubbed into the skin once a day. (thebody.com)
  • Some patients have already filed a testosterone lawsuit in federal court alleging AndroGel caused heart attack or stroke without warning. (prweb.com)
  • If the serum testosterone concentration is below the normal range, the daily AndroGel dose may be increased from 5 g to 7.5 g and from 7.5 g to 10 g for adult males as instructed by the physician. (nih.gov)
  • If the serum testosterone concentration exceeds the normal range, the daily AndroGel dose may be decreased. (nih.gov)
  • 3 1/2 years of depression after surgery prior to Hypogonadizm DX, Testosterone Theropy (Testim Gel)since 12/06 but switched to a higher dose of (Androgel) 6/08. (healingwell.com)
Free and albumin-bound testosterone1
  • Both free and albumin-bound testosterone are biologically active, and together are referred to as the bioavailable fraction. (questdiagnostics.com)
Boosters6
Replacement11
  • T pellets ( Testopel ) are used for long term T replacement in men and can be inserted beneath the skin of the stomach to deliver testosterone (T) over a 3 month period. (earthlink.net)
  • Your doctor may need to perform a digital rectal exam to check your prostate gland at least once a year while you are receiving testosterone replacement (more frequently than this if you are elderly or have risk factors for prostate cancer). (netdoctor.co.uk)
  • Each plaintiff's case addresses only one of these defendants, yet the claims against them - specifically that testosterone replacement therapies have allegedly caused patients to have heart attacks and strokes - are common across every one of these testosterone lawsuits, according to the official court documents," explains Jim Onder of the Onder Law Firm. (prweb.com)
  • Plaintiffs in a multidistrict litigation over testosterone replacement drugs on Monday agreed to dismiss remaining cases against Pfizer Inc, following a federal appeals court ruling in January that claims against the company were preempted. (reuters.com)
  • The decision allows Pfizer to fully escape the litigation in which plaintiffs claim several companies failed to warn of the risks of strokes and heart attacks connected to the use of their testosterone replacement products. (reuters.com)
  • Research is inconclusive regarding the role of testosterone replacement in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. (selfgrowth.com)
  • I'd like to point out many of the benefits of testosterone replacement in this article so that people suffering from loss of testosterone can decide if they want to proceed with a testosterone treatment. (infobarrel.com)
  • Many men describe the difference in their quality of life before and after beginning a testosterone replacement program as night and day. (infobarrel.com)
  • What are the delivery systems now for testosterone replacement? (selfgrowth.com)
  • There are several means of testosterone replacement theropy such as gels or shots but most doctors don't like prescribing it for anyone with a history of prostate cancer. (healingwell.com)
  • In response to this, many psychiatrists, who are unfamiliar with testosterone replacement research, will actually INCREASE the patient's antidepressants causing the symptoms to become even more pronounced. (infobarrel.com)
Placebo7
  • The subjects were randomized into two groups: one that applied a daily testosterone gel and the other a daily placebo gel, for one year. (ufl.edu)
  • Across the three trials, adverse events including heart attack, stroke, other cardiovascular events and prostate conditions were similar in men who received testosterone and those who received a placebo. (ufl.edu)
  • Yet the number of cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks, was similar for the men treated with testosterone and those using placebo. (cnn.com)
  • Participants who received the placebo, on the other hand, were more trusting investors, choosing to invest about €3.20 more than those who received testosterone. (psychcentral.com)
  • In this case, participants given testosterone chose to give more money back to the investor than participants who had been given a placebo. (psychcentral.com)
  • The following experiment tests this possibility in a placebo-controlled, within-subjects design involving the administration of testosterone to 24 female subjects. (pnas.org)
  • A phase II trial lasting 84 days reported more orgasms with nasal testosterone than with placebo: 2.3 versus 1.7. (medpagetoday.com)
Gels2
  • And although testosterone shots, pellets and gels are effective, they are not tolerable or appropriate for many patients, such as men trying to conceive, and are certainly less convenient than making your own testosterone. (news-medical.net)
  • Professor Davis, who is president of the International Menopause Society , says because of possible adverse effects from oral testosterone, non-oral formulations, delivered through gels or patches into the skin, are preferred for women. (afr.com)
Males5
  • Q. Will the use of testosterone cause a female to exhibit signs that are typical of males? (earthlink.net)
  • The close link between aggression and testosterone is not surprising, given that males of many species fight over access to fertile females, but the connection is complex. (britannica.com)
  • To date, psychologist James McBride Dabbs ' Heroes, Rogues, and Lovers (2000) is the best book to investigate not simply the physical effects of high testosterone in males, but its mental and emotional ramifications as well. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Dose adjustment for adult males: If serum testosterone level is below the normal range, adjust dose from 5 g to 7.5 g and from 7.5 g to 10 g ( 2.3 ). (nih.gov)
  • Resting testosterone values for mature males range from 14.0 to 28.0 nmol/L (Kraemer, 1988). (exrx.net)
Sperm14
  • In fact," Eisenberg says, "it's been studied as a method of birth control , because 90% of men can drop their sperm counts to zero while on testosterone . (webmd.com)
  • Testosterone plays an important role in making sperm. (webmd.com)
  • Eisenberg describes the relationship between testosterone and sperm production as part of a "feedback loop. (webmd.com)
  • You want to increase the patient's own testosterone production in order to get an appropriate sperm sample for pregnancy ," says Mezitis, who practices at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. (webmd.com)
  • When testosterone comes from the outside, it suppresses the body's production of sperm. (webmd.com)
  • If his sperm count is low, the next step is to measure his testosterone. (webmd.com)
  • During adult life, testosterone is essential for the production of sperm, the maintenance of sex drive, erectile potency, and the functioning of the prostate gland and other reproductive structures. (netdoctor.co.uk)
  • Testosterone also contributes to muscle strength , bone strength and density , sense of well being , red blood cell mass , adequate sperm count, sexual performance and penis growth during puberty . (everything2.com)
  • Beyond tribulus (Tribulus terrestris L.): The effects of phytotherapics on testosterone , sperm and prostate parameters. (nih.gov)
  • In men, sperm production is guided by testosterone. (healthline.com)
  • Too little testosterone results in low sperm count. (healthline.com)
  • Testosterone plays a role in the production of semen , which is the milky fluid that aids in the motility of sperm. (selfgrowth.com)
  • You need testosterone to make sperm, and if you have a very low testosterone, you might have a decline in the quality of sperm and number of sperm, says Streicher. (cosmopolitan.com)
  • But, believe it or not, men with extremely low testosterone can still produce normal sperm. (cosmopolitan.com)
Man's sex drive1
Benefits of taking testo1
  • However, the possible benefits of taking testosterone need to be in a balance with the higher risks of cardiovascular events. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Pituitary2
  • The brain's hypothalamus and pituitary gland control testosterone production. (giantmicrobes.com)
  • Because low testosterone may be an indicator for an underlying problem, like a problem with the pituitary gland, liver disease, an inherited disease, or Addison's disease, your doctor may want to test you for an underlying problem if you have low testosterone. (wikihow.com)
Testicles2
  • These include baldness, prostate enlargement, shrinking of testicles, increased acne and loss of sex drive with moodiness and emotionality.Testosterone USP is a white odorless powder which dissolves in alcohol or organic solvents. (earthlink.net)
  • In men, testosterone is produced by the testicles with a small amount made in the adrenal glands. (giantmicrobes.com)
Lowers1
SHBG2
Dose4
  • The patient could consider trying a lower dose (and/or application frequency) of topical testosterone. (medscape.com)
  • If your testosterone buccal system does not stick or falls off within 8 hours after you apply it, replace it with a new system immediately and apply your next dose at the regularly scheduled time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Doctors should also ensure the patients are being prescribed the lowest dose of opioids, including methadone, for effective treatment to minimize testosterone suppression," she says in a news release. (medicinenet.com)
  • The article that I think I remember (inserting aging joke of choice here) used relatively high-dose testosterone given intramuscularly once a week. (exrx.net)
Dihydrotestosterone3
Suggests5
  • Although less information is available regarding non-sexuality quality-of-life enhancements with use of testosterone, anecdotal experience suggests some women will experience the improved energy, as noted by this 60-year-old surgically castrate woman. (medscape.com)
  • The 2007 study suggests that although poor health in general is associated with a drop in testosterone , this generational decline cannot be fully explained by obesity, depression, or diabetes. (huffingtonpost.com)
  • New research suggests testosterone can promote generosity, but only when there is no threat of competition. (psychcentral.com)
  • One study suggests that testosterone affects activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, a part of the brain thought to be involved in deception. (ibtimes.com)
  • Although vitamin K primarily helps your blood to clot, a study published in "Food and Function" in 2011 suggests that the amount of vitamin K in a man's body might affect testosterone production. (livestrong.com)
Aggression4
  • Testosterone is related to assertiveness which can be good or bad depending on whether it is manifested as either aggression or being helping and outgoing. (scienceblog.com)
  • Castration has been found to reduce aggression dramatically, while experimental reinstatement of testosterone-for instance, through injection into the blood-restores aggression. (britannica.com)
  • In addition, testosterone of nongonadal origin (i.e., produced by the adrenal gland ) may be important in aggression outside the breeding season, as in the case of birds such as the song sparrow that maintain nonbreeding territories in the winter. (britannica.com)
  • Unlike non-human animals, where a direct connection between testosterone and aggression has been repeatedly demonstrated, in humans the correlation between high-T and aggression, though positive, is only weakly so. (psychologytoday.com)
Adrenal1
Lack of testosterone1
  • It s true that a lack of testosterone translates to a lack of body hair, but generally speaking, a guy isn t bald because he s low on testosterone, nor is he a hairy beast because he he s full of it. (cosmopolitan.com)
Role of testosterone2
  • The literature supports a modulating role of testosterone on erectile function. (cmaj.ca)
  • As interesting as this subject was, the article left me curious about the role of testosterone in females. (americanscientist.org)
Prescriptions for testosterone4
  • The issue is less of problem in Europe, but prescriptions for testosterone have also increased there, by 30% in the United Kingdom, for example. (medscape.com)
  • Prescriptions for testosterone nearly doubled in the three years ending in 2013, to 2.3 million, according to the FDA. (forbes.com)
  • Doctors around the world have written a surprising number of prescriptions for testosterone treatment in recent years. (scientificamerican.com)
  • If confirmed, the 2011 ratio could mean that perhaps two million older men in the U.S. have been given prescriptions for testosterone. (scientificamerican.com)
Ester1
Hormonal3
  • There's just that niggling, pervasive stigma of testosterone as the sole hormonal realm of big burly men with bulging muscles, and I guess it's hard to shake, even for my enlightened readership. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • You can want it all you want, but without the right hormonal balance, which includes plenty of testosterone for men and women, you're not going to want it. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • In conclusion, our data provide unique insights into the hormonal regulation of human sociality by showing that testosterone downregulates interpersonal trust in an adaptive manner. (pnas.org)
Extenze HT Higher Testosterone, Softgels | Walgreens
Extenze HT Higher Testosterone, Softgels | Walgreens (walgreens.com)
Testosterone Rules for Women Athletes Are Unfair, Researchers Argue
Testosterone Rules for Women Athletes Are Unfair, Researchers Argue (livescience.com)
Pumpkin Seeds & Testosterone | Livestrong.com
Pumpkin Seeds & Testosterone | Livestrong.com (livestrong.com)
Too Much Testosterone | Free Podcasts | Podomatic
Too Much Testosterone | Free Podcasts | Podomatic" (podomatic.com)
Natural Testosterone Booster | Free Podcasts | Podomatic
Natural Testosterone Booster | Free Podcasts | Podomatic" (podomatic.com)
Testosterone acetate | C21H30O3 - PubChem
Testosterone acetate | C21H30O3 - PubChem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
The Right Chemistry: The discovery of testosterone | Montreal Gazette
The Right Chemistry: The discovery of testosterone | Montreal Gazette (montrealgazette.com)
Heart and Hormones - TESTOSTERONE | Free Podcasts | Podomatic
Heart and Hormones - TESTOSTERONE | Free Podcasts | Podomatic" (podomatic.com)
Testosterone | C19H28O2 - PubChem
Testosterone | C19H28O2 - PubChem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Testosterone Administration Reduces Lying in Men
Testosterone Administration Reduces Lying in Men (journals.plos.org)
Testosterone isocaproate | C25H38O3 - PubChem
Testosterone isocaproate | C25H38O3 - PubChem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Can Female Testosterone Supplements Cause Weight Gain? | Livestrong.com
Can Female Testosterone Supplements Cause Weight Gain? | Livestrong.com (livestrong.com)
Ask Dr. Bruce: Should Men Take Testosterone and Neck Lift Options - NBC Los Angeles
Ask Dr. Bruce: Should Men Take Testosterone and Neck Lift Options - NBC Los Angeles (nbclosangeles.com)
Testosterone Therapy: Risks And Benefits | Audio Digest
Testosterone Therapy: Risks And Benefits | Audio Digest (audio-digest.org)
The radio says I need more testosterone. My wife disagrees. | News Ecard
The radio says I need more testosterone. My wife disagrees. | News Ecard (someecards.com)
Andropause - Men, Aging, and Testosterone by Dr. Robert Tan : MHN flyer 2002
Andropause - Men, Aging, and Testosterone by Dr. Robert Tan : MHN flyer 2002 (menshealthnetwork.org)
9beta,10alpha-Testosterone | C19H28O2 - PubChem
9beta,10alpha-Testosterone | C19H28O2 - PubChem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Organizing Effects of Testosterone and Economic Behavior: Not Just Risk Taking
Organizing Effects of Testosterone and Economic Behavior: Not Just Risk Taking (journals.plos.org)
Testosterone Enanthate (Steroids)
Testosterone Enanthate (Steroids) (asiatradehub.com)
Anabolic Steroid & Synthetic Testosterone Abuse @ DrugRehab101.com
Anabolic Steroid & Synthetic Testosterone Abuse @ DrugRehab101.com (drugrehab101.com)
Nugenix Natural Testosterone Booster Capsules, 90 Count Reviews
Nugenix Natural Testosterone Booster Capsules, 90 Count Reviews (influenster.com)
Things to Remember When Using Greatest Testosterone Boosters
Things to Remember When Using Greatest Testosterone Boosters (minds.com)
Treatment for Anabolic Steroids & Synthetic Testosterone - Steroid Use Treatment
Treatment for Anabolic Steroids & Synthetic Testosterone - Steroid Use Treatment (drugrehab101.com)