Temperance Movement
Effect of alcohol abstinence on blood pressure: assessment by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. (1/469)
Several studies have shown that cessation of alcohol drinking reduces blood pressure (BP). However, attempts to reproduce these findings by ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) have shown inconsistent results. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 1 month of proven abstinence from alcohol on the 24-hour BP profile in heavy alcohol drinkers. Forty-two men who were heavy drinkers (>100 g of pure ethanol per day) were consecutively admitted to a general ward for voluntary alcohol detoxification. On the day of admission, they received a total dose of 2 g/kg of ethanol diluted in orange juice in 5 divided doses, and a 24-hour ABPM was performed. A new 24-hour BP monitoring in the same environmental conditions was performed after 1 month of proven alcohol abstinence while the subjects were receiving the same amount of fluid but without the addition of alcohol. After 1 month of proven alcohol abstinence, BP and heart rate (HR) significantly decreased. The reduction was 7.2 mm Hg for 24-hour systolic BP (SBP) (95% CI, 4.5 to 9.9), 6.6 mm Hg for 24-hour diastolic BP (DBP) (95% CI, 4.2 to 9.0), and 7.9 bpm for HR (95% CI, 5.1 to 10.7). The proportion of alcoholic patients considered hypertensive on the basis of 24-hour BP criteria (daytime SBP >/=135 mm Hg or daytime DBP >/=85 mm Hg) fell from 42% during alcohol drinking to 12% after 1 month of complete abstinence. Abstinence did not modify either the long-term BP variability, assessed by SD of 24-hour BP, or its circadian profile. We conclude that abstinence in heavy alcohol drinkers significantly reduces BP assessed by 24-hour ABPM and that this reduction is clinically relevant. These results show that heavy alcohol consumption has an important effect on BP, and thus cessation of alcohol consumption must be recommended as a priority for hypertensive alcohol drinkers. (+info)Effect of preoperative abstinence on poor postoperative outcome in alcohol misusers: randomised controlled trial. (2/469)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of preoperative abstinence on postoperative outcome in alcohol misusers with no symptoms who were drinking the equivalent of at least 60 g ethanol/day. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Copenhagen, Denmark. SUBJECTS: 42 alcoholic patients without liver disease admitted for elective colorectal surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Withdrawal from alcohol consumption for 1 month before operation (disulfiram controlled) compared with continuous drinking. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative complications requiring treatment within the first month after surgery. Perioperative immunosuppression measured by delayed type hypersensitivity; myocardial ischaemia and arrhythmias measured by Holter tape recording; episodes of hypoxaemia measured by pulse oximetry. Response to stress during the operation were assessed by heart rate, blood pressure, serum concentration of cortisol, and plasma concentrations of glucose, interleukin 6, and catecholamines. RESULTS: The intervention group developed significantly fewer postoperative complications than the continuous drinkers (31% v 74%, P=0.02). Delayed type hypersensitivity responses were better in the intervention group before (37 mm2 v 12 mm2, P=0.04), but not after surgery (3 mm2 v 3 mm2). Development of postoperative myocardial ischaemia (23% v 85%) and arrhythmias (33% v 86%) on the second postoperative day as well as nightly hypoxaemic episodes (4 v 18 on the second postoperative night) occurred significantly less often in the intervention group. Surgical stress responses were lower in the intervention group (P+info)Five-year outcome in alcohol dependence. A naturalistic study of 850 patients in Catalonia. (3/469)
A prospective, multicentre study was designed to evaluate the impact of a treatment programme in alcohol-dependent patients (n = 850). Drinking status and measures related to quality of life such as morbidity, mortality, alcohol-related problems, and psychological and social functioning were assessed 5 years from the initial contact with the patient. Five years after the initial visit, drinking status followed a bimodal distribution: 371 patients (43.6%) were found to be abstinent, 323 (38%) were heavy drinkers, and only 55 (6.5%) were controlled drinkers. A total of 65 (7.6%) patients died during the study, 33 (3.9%) patients were lost to follow-up and three (0.3%) patients were not collaborative. Differences in health-related issues were identified for each of the drinking status categories. Abstinent patients presented with significantly better outcomes than controlled and heavy drinkers on most medical, socio-economic and psychological measures. Heavy drinkers showed significantly worse outcomes than controlled drinkers. (+info)Craving and relapse measurement in alcoholism. (4/469)
This paper attempts to summarize the measurement of craving with four different craving instruments and to relate this to definitions and measurement of relapse. The definitions of relapse may vary between studies and researchers, but are usually well defined. Five commonly used methods to measure relapse are: (1) quantity/frequency of drinking; (2) cumulative duration of abstinence (CDA); (3) post-withdrawal abstinent period; (4) stable recovery period; (5) the time line follow-back method. The definition of craving is much less clear and is mostly described as an emotional-motivational state or as obsessive-compulsive behaviour. Four self-rating instruments are briefly discussed and compared: the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale, OCDS, the Lubeck Craving Scale, LCRR, the Alcohol Craving Questionnaire, ACQ-Now-SF-R, and ordinal scales (e.g. visual analogue, Likert, or verbal descriptive scales). These instruments measure different aspects or dimensions of craving over different periods. The different dimensions measured suggest that there is still a need to conceptualize a standard interpretation of the word craving. There is a need also to measure an emotional-motivational dimension, a cognitive-behavioural dimension, expectancies, and effects on positive and negative reinforcement with different instruments or with one multidimensional instrument. It is suggested that different patients are expected to have different craving profiles. (+info)Hypoperfusion of the cerebellum and aging effects on cerebral cortex blood flow in abstinent alcoholics: a SPECT study. (5/469)
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated hypotheses concerning alcoholism, aging, and the relationship between cerebral hypoperfusion and residual deficits in the functioning of cerebellar and neocortical brain systems. METHODS: The participants were 10 healthy abstinent alcoholics (9 men, 1 woman) and 12 nonalcoholic controls (10 men, 2 women) ranging in age from 35 to 67 years. Cerebral blood flow was observed through the use of regionally specific computer-derived quantitative analysis of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion images. Cerebellar perfusion was measured and compared with cerebral cortex perfusion in age-equivalent subgroups of alcoholics and controls (under 55 years; 55 years and over). RESULTS: In abstinent alcoholics under age 55, cerebellar perfusion ratios were significantly reduced compared with the controls. In alcoholics and nonalcoholic controls 55 years old and older, this relationship was reversed, probably as a result of diminished cortical perfusion with aging in the alcoholics and of cerebellar decline in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support hypotheses that the residual effects of alcoholism include cerebellar brain abnormalities and that aging combined with long-term alcoholism leads to cerebral cortical decline. (+info)Rapid recovery from cognitive deficits in abstinent alcoholics: a controlled test-retest study. (6/469)
The pattern of cognitive deficits and their time-dependent recovery were investigated in a cohort of 49 male alcohol-dependent patients using a repeated measurement design with 49 healthy male controls matched for age, education, and marital status. We combined parts of the Halstead Reitan Battery and the Wechsler Memory Scale with tests that are widely used in German-speaking countries. Patients were tested in the first week (T1) and 5 weeks later (T2) at the end of the in-patient treatment programme. Matched controls were tested also at T1 and T2, which enabled us to take learning effects into account. At T1, the patients showed distinct cognitive deficits on 5 of 12 neuropsychological parameters (perceptual-motor speed, verbal short-term memory, verbal knowledge, non-verbal reasoning, spatial imagination). At T2, significant improvements had occurred in four of the five dysfunctional domains with a significant difference remaining in verbal short-term memory. Duration of dependency and length of abstinence prior to testing had no essential effects on neuropsychological functions. Our results provide evidence for the well-established fact that chronic alcoholism has detrimental effects on cognitive performance, but that performance improves with neuropsychological recovery which occurs rapidly within weeks when abstinence is maintained. Cognitive deficits seem to be similar across different studies and cultures. (+info)Plasma endothelin-1 elevation associated with alcohol-induced variant angina. (7/469)
Vasospastic angina as a result of alcohol ingestion has been reported, but the mechanism of alcohol-induced coronary artery spasm is presently unknown. This report presents 2 cases of alcohol-induced variant angina (VA) with elevated levels of plasma endothelin-1 after alcohol ingestion. In case 1, the plasma endothelin-1 concentration was 3.15 pg/ml before drinking (normal <2.30 pg/ml) and increased to 4.09 pg/ml when measured 5 h after alcohol ingestion. After 2 months of abstinence, the plasma endothelin-1 concentration was 2.88 pg/ml and 6 months after abstinence, it decreased to 2.03 pg/ml (normal range). In case 2, the plasma endothelin-1 concentration was 2.44 pg/ml before drinking and increased to 4.36 pg/ml when measured 5 h after alcohol ingestion. After 2 months of abstinence, the plasma endothelin-1 concentration was 3.04 pg/ml and 6 months after abstinence, it decreased to 2.09 pg/ml (normal range). These 2 cases suggest that a relationship may exist between alcohol-induced VA and elevation in the plasma endothelin-1 concentration after alcohol ingestion. (+info)Chronic alcohol consumption increases serum levels of circulating endothelial cell/leucocyte adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1. (8/469)
A group of 30 chronic alcoholics without alcohol-related diseases and 30 controls (teetotallers) were selected to measure serum levels of endothelial adhesion molecules (AMs) (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin). ICAM-1 and E-selectin serum levels were higher in alcoholics, whereas VCAM-1 serum levels were similar in both groups. There was a significant correlation between daily alcohol intake and serum level of ICAM-1 (r = 0.49, P = 0.003) and E-selectin (r = 0.41, P = 0.02). A significant positive correlation between E-selectin and total lifetime dose of ethanol was also observed (r = 0.52, P = 0.003). These changes in serum levels of endothelial AMs of chronic alcoholics may reflect endothelial and/or immune activation, and could interfere with the reactions between immune cells and the endothelium. (+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Temperance Movement" is not a term used in medical definition. The Temperance Movement is a social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. It became prominent during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement was fueled by religious groups, women's Christian temperance unions, and other reformers who believed that alcohol was the root cause of many societal problems, including domestic abuse, poverty, and crime.
However, in a broader health context, "temperance" refers to moderation or self-restraint, particularly in relation to alcohol consumption. It's about drinking alcohol in a responsible manner, not abstaining completely. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting alcohol consumption to no more than one standard drink per day for women and two for men, as excessive drinking can lead to various health problems such as liver disease, heart disease, and mental health disorders.
In the context of medicine and health, "temperance" refers to moderation or self-restraint in the consumption of potentially harmful substances, particularly alcohol. It promotes a balanced lifestyle that avoids excessive habits, such as overeating, substance abuse, or any other activities that could negatively impact one's health.
However, it is important to note that "temperance" itself is not a medical term per se but has been used in various historical and social contexts related to health promotion and disease prevention.
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Woman's Chris5
- One of the leading temperance societies in the US was the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). (dp.la)
- The Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria was founded in 1887 when the 12 existing local branches in Melbourne suburbs and regional Victoria joined together to form a Colonial Union. (womenaustralia.info)
- In 1909 it established Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria Kindergarten in Richmond, with an associated School for Mothers which held lectures by doctors and had visiting nurses. (womenaustralia.info)
- The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was truly a woman-dominated organization established for women, by women, and of women. (thewitness.org)
- In November 1874, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was established in Cleveland, Ohio. (thewitness.org)
Movement8
- The temperance movement of the 1840s saw the birth of secret fraternal orders dedicated to total abstinence and temperance, but served as lodge organizations that offered fraternal benefits to their members. (phoenixmasonry.org)
- It became the model for several other temperance fraternal orders, and created considerable disagreement within the temperance movement as to whether fraternalism and secret ritual were appropriate to the cause. (phoenixmasonry.org)
- The spread of the temperance movement was in response to high alcohol consumption during this period, especially by men, at a time when women had few legal rights and were dependent on the support provided by their husbands. (dp.la)
- The temperance movement, as a powerful organization, upheld the eighteenth Amendment. (thewitness.org)
- Willard, on the way to finding a means of support or an established career, went on to study the temperance movement during the trip to Maine, where she first addressed the crowd on the cause. (thewitness.org)
- EVANSTON, IL - Evanston's Temperance Beer Co. is releasing a new beer in collaboration with Hope For The Day, a nonprofit movement empowering the conversation on proactive suicide prevention and mental health education. (beerinfo.com)
- Just as many did before, The Temperance Movement start their career with an impressive debut album. (sputnikmusic.com)
- Ahnfelt was very much involved in both the temperance issue and the revivalist movement. (lu.se)
Sons of Tempera5
- The Sons of Temperance were founded in New York City in 1842 as a temperance organization that also functioned as a fraternal benefit society. (phoenixmasonry.org)
- The order was a fraternal temperance society, modeled on the 'Sons of Temperance. (phoenixmasonry.org)
- They claimed that their order was better than the Sons of Temperance in that they were not distracted from their primary purpose by offering insurance, and because it admitted women on an equal basis. (phoenixmasonry.org)
- The Worthy Commander is now ready to proceed with the opening exercises of Company of Loyal Crusaders of Parents of the comrades of this Company, Sons of Temperance in good standing and other adults eligible to admission under our rules are invited to remain. (phoenixmasonry.org)
- Spurned on by local chapters of American organizations like the Sons of Temperance, church leaders and suffragettes attempted to sway public opinion away from the sinful nature of spiritous drinks. (thecoast.ca)
Virtue2
- Therefore studiousness is a general virtue, and not a part of temperance. (sacred-texts.com)
- Historically, this was a standard symbol of the virtue temperance, one of the cardinal virtues, representing the dilution of wine with water. (chronocompendium.com)
Fortitude2
- thus fortitude is concerned about dangers of death, and temperance about pleasures of touch. (sacred-texts.com)
- Now noisome pleasures and delights are the concern of temperance rather than of fortitude. (sacred-texts.com)
Abstinence2
- By the 1800s, temperance societies in America were promoting abstinence and working toward legislation aimed to curb drinking. (dp.la)
- Sagittarius is an expansive sign and we often identify Temperance with abstinence. (chronocompendium.com)
Tarot5
- What does the Temperance Tarot card mean? (tarot.com)
- Learn the meaning of the Temperance Tarot card in under a minute! (tarot.com)
- The Temperance is the fourteenth Major Arcana card in the tarot deck, represented by an angel pouring water between two cups. (astrology.com)
- When The Hermit and The Temperance appear together in a tarot card reading, they create a powerful combination that signifies a need for introspection, patience, and balance. (astrology.com)
- In conclusion, The Hermit and The Temperance tarot card combination represents a powerful message of introspection, balance, and harmony. (astrology.com)
Harmony4
- Meaning literally, temperance in the sense of harmony and balance. (paranormality.com)
- The Temperance encourages you to find a sense of balance and harmony in your life, and to practice patience and moderation in all things. (astrology.com)
- When The Temperance and Two of Cups cards appear together in a reading, the message is one of finding balance and harmony within a relationship. (astrology.com)
- Let the states of equilibrium and harmony exist in perfection, and a happy order will prevail throughout heaven and earth, and all things will be nourished and flourish,' 2) and this is merely another explain of the temperance. (taekwondobible.com)
Pleasures1
- for as courage takes on the pains which wisdom and justice find incidental to their ends, so temperance cuts off remorselessly whatever pleasures are inconsistent with these ends. (artofmanliness.com)
WCTU4
- The WCTU furnished "temperance fountains" in some cities to encourage the drinking of water instead of spirits. (dp.la)
- Although temperance associations were present even before the establishment of WCTU, women did not get to represent primary roles, as they were all given to men. (thewitness.org)
- Soon after, a militant and well-organized corporation, the Chicago WCTU, invited her to lead it, where she ended up working as a temperance organizer and speaker for 25 years. (thewitness.org)
- Notwithstanding liquor, tobacco, and different medications, temperance was the power that led the social reforms of WCTU to stay together. (thewitness.org)
Liquor1
- In particular, the pious vicar and temperance zealot opposed the excessive drinking of the Swedish liquor, brännvin: "the biggest obstacle in my attempts to help the people to both a better bodily and spiritual existence", as he expresses it. (lu.se)
Encourages1
- Temperance encourages you to take a calm and measured approach rather than rushing headlong into things. (astrology.com)
Missing ingredients1
- The Temperance card advises you to identify and seek the missing ingredients in your life. (tarot.com)
20th1
- The flow of the Temperance is not currently regulated, but during the early 20th century, dams on Brule Lake, used in conjunction with some limited logging in the region of the Brule River, have modified how much water escapes into either river. (wikipedia.org)
Absence1
- Temperance is about absence, disappearances, and the long-lasting effects of trauma. (theconversation.com)
Moderation2
- Temperance movements began in the late 1700s, initially as movements to encourage moderation in alcohol consumption. (dp.la)
- Temperance, however, really means moderation. (chronocompendium.com)
Temple1
- This order was established in 1845 and was originally known as 'The Marshall Temperance Fraternity,' then the 'Marshall Temple, Sons of Honor,' before adopting its title of 'Templars of Honor and Temperance. (phoenixmasonry.org)
Practice2
- Temperance Alden is a hereditary folk witch with over eighteen years of practice devoted to witchcraft and paganism. (redwheelweiser.com)
- Through the years, she urged everyone, both young and old, to practice temperance and to promote it vigorously. (whiteestate.org)
Alcohol1
- Moderación habitual en la complacencia de una apetito natural, especialmente pero no de modo exclusivo, en el consume de alcohol. (bvsalud.org)
Title1
- Rock and Roll Dreams" is the title track and the first song on the second effort from Charlotte rock 'n' roll zealots Temperance League , but it sounds like the end. (indyweek.com)
Combination3
- One such combination is The Hermit and The Temperance . (astrology.com)
- The Temperance and Two of Cups combination points to the importance of finding that delicate balance. (astrology.com)
- Overall, The Temperance and Two of Cups combination is a powerful message of balance and connection. (astrology.com)
Find6
- You may be feeling lost or unsure of your path, and The Hermit and The Temperance together suggest that seeking out the council of others can help you find the answers you are seeking. (astrology.com)
- When The Temperance card appears in a reading, it is a message to take stock of your situation and find balance in your life. (astrology.com)
- Find the best personal trainers in Temperance at no cost to you. (expertrating.com)
- Post your job free infront of thousands of certified personal trainers and find great talent in Temperance for your fitness business. (expertrating.com)
- Theo, who has been in analysis, insists on a return visit to Temperance, and there they are able - almost serendipitously - to find out what actually happened on that chaotic night. (theconversation.com)
- My boyfriend and I really enjoy going to libertine clubs in Temperance in order to find new couples. (hovemere.com)
Excessive2
- Martialism is a two edged sword/ Used to feel both opponent and self/ How is it we fail to temper our deeds,/ Taekwondo, in truth says its right to avoid/ Action excessive ,' 5) so it is said that the temperance begins from the essence of Martialism up to a Taekwondo technique consistently. (taekwondobible.com)
- On the other hand, Mencius said 'Confucius didn't try an excessive task,' 7) and this also means the temperance with a teaching that it can be applied to principles on how to rule both man's mind and society. (taekwondobible.com)
Means1
- It means, to rule a country, big or small, you have to be reverent attention to business and economy in expenditure, which is a proper balance between what you intend to do and what you can do, namely, the temperance. (taekwondobible.com)
Card4
- The Temperance card is a reference to the soul. (tarot.com)
- Classically female, the woman or angel on the Temperance card is mixing up a blend of subtle energies for the evolution of the personality. (tarot.com)
- The Temperance card reversed suggests that you are in danger of giving up on yourself. (tarot.com)
- The Temperance card is number fourteen of the Major Arcana cards. (astrology.com)
Years2
- Temperance League coalesced about four years ago. (indyweek.com)
- From its earliest years it has also run a children's branch, the Loyal Temperance Union. (womenaustralia.info)
Brilliant2
- Temperance Alden remedies this in her much-needed and brilliant Year of the Witch , where she guides the readers to observe their own land, celestial cycles, seasonal cycles, and even their own biological cycles to inform their magickal year. (redwheelweiser.com)
- 1 New York Times bestselling author Kathy Reichs's twentieth "brilliant" (Louise Penny) thriller featuring forensic anthropologist Temperance Brennan, whose examinations of unidentified bodies ignite a terrifying series of events. (barringtonbooks.com)
Personal12
- ExpertRating offers an online Personal Trainer Certification for people in Temperance, Michigan who would like to become certified fitness trainers. (expertrating.com)
- This fitness certification includes an indepth courseware leading to an online exam.The courseware equips you to undertake the roles and responsibilities of a certified personal trainer and aim for the best personal trainer jobs in Temperance, Michigan. (expertrating.com)
- After acquiring personal trainer certification in Temperance, Michigan status you can put up the certified credentials on your website and brochure. (expertrating.com)
- After acquiring Temperance, Michigan personal trainer certification status it is easier to get a job as a fitness instructor in a gym as you can formally prove your skills with your personal trainer certificate. (expertrating.com)
- An online personal trainer certification in Temperance, Michigan or Temperance, Michigan fitness certification is acquired as soon as you pass the final assessment test. (expertrating.com)
- While studying for a personal trainer certification in Temperance, Michigan you will learn that Certified Personal trainers should always inform the management about activities and practices of other employees in the gym that do not conform to appropriate or acceptable conduct. (expertrating.com)
- After clearing the personal trainer certification in Temperance, Michigan you can keep your clients with you by always training on time every day . (expertrating.com)
- After clearing the Temperance, Michigan personal trainer certification you can keep your clients with you by understanding the client's goals and continually reminding the client that he/she is on the path to achieving the goals . (expertrating.com)
- While studying for a personal trainer certification in Temperance, Michigan you will learn that the personal trainer must not misrepresent or advertise him/herself in any untruthful way with respect to his/her education, skills or experience etc. (expertrating.com)
- This fact is taught during the personal trainer certification in Temperance, Michigan process or Temperance, Michigan fitness certification course. (expertrating.com)
- While studying for a personal trainer certification in Temperance, Michigan you will learn that the Personal trainer must not work in an intoxicated condition or should not be suffering from any communicable diseases while at work. (expertrating.com)
- The Temperance, Michigan Personal trainer should undergo the required blood tests incase of suspicion of any serious communicable disease. (expertrating.com)
Society5
- This order was founded in Utica, New York in 1850 as the 'Knights of Jericho,' a secret fraternal temperance society. (phoenixmasonry.org)
- What the Doctors Say About Beer," a publication from the National Temperance Society. (dp.la)
- 8) I explained somewhat too briefly that temperance is also essential to the matters of both man and society, in order not to evade the point of the whole volume. (taekwondobible.com)
- Although society has changed markedly since Mrs. White lived and wrote, the principles she stressed regarding temperance remain remarkably relevant to contemporary life. (whiteestate.org)
- Jan Steen's painting mirrors Dutch society of his day, which turns out not much different from our own-not only in its lack of decorum and temperance but also in its lax domesticity. (cdc.gov)
Site1
- Temperance will be donating $3 for each 4-pack sold in the Tap Room and 30% of all on-site draft sales will go directly to Hope For The Day. (beerinfo.com)
Work1
- That's why I truly believe in the work that the Things We Don't Say project is committed to doing, and I'm incredibly humbled to participate in such a deserving cause," says Temperance Beer Co.'s Head Brewer Mike VanCamp. (beerinfo.com)
Live2
- Melodic metallers Temperance are going to release their first live DVD 'Maschere - A Night At The Theater' on September 9th on Scarlet Records. (scarletrecords.it)
- I live in Temperance. (hovemere.com)
Beer1
- In its first competition, at just over a year old, Temperance took home a Silver Medal from the 2014 Great American Beer Festival® for Gatecrasher, its English-Style IPA, and then won Gold for the same beer in 2016. (beerinfo.com)
Power1
- At the same time, but for the temperance in your motion you cannot stop exhausting your power without technical efficiency in your technique. (taekwondobible.com)
Promote1
- A bill before Congress- H.R. 5034 -supposedly would promote "temperance and orderly markets" by empowering states to increase regulations. (cei.org)
Proper1
- 1) The temperance is a proper balance between what you intend to do and what you can do. (taekwondobible.com)
Events1
- The trauma the children suffer is the result of the sudden and inexplicable events at Temperance, but they also have had to adapt themselves to living with an already traumatised and emotionally remote mother, and to the departure of their older sister, and mother substitute. (theconversation.com)
Balance1
- This temperance can be said to be a balance between what you intend to do and what you can do. (taekwondobible.com)