Telomere. Medical search

A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs.

Maintenance of TELOMERE length. During DNA REPLICATION, chromosome ends loose some of their telomere sequence (TELOMERE SHORTENING.) Various cellular mechanism are involved in repairing, extending, and recapping the telomere ends.

An essential ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that adds telomeric DNA to the ends of eukaryotic CHROMOSOMES.

Proteins that specifically bind to TELOMERES. Proteins in this class include those that perform functions such as telomere capping, telomere maintenance and telomere stabilization.

A ubiquitously expressed telomere-binding protein that is present at TELOMERES throughout the CELL CYCLE. It is a suppressor of telomere elongation and may be involved in stabilization of telomere length. It is structurally different from TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING PROTEIN 2 in that it contains acidic N-terminal amino acid residues.

A ubiquitously expressed telomere-binding protein that is present at TELOMERES throughout the cell cycle. It is a suppressor of telomere elongation and may be involved in stabilization of telomere length. It is structurally different from TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING PROTEIN 1 in that it contains basic N-terminal amino acid residues.

The decrease in the cell's ability to proliferate with the passing of time. Each cell is programmed for a certain number of cell divisions and at the end of that time proliferation halts. The cell enters a quiescent state after which it experiences CELL DEATH via the process of APOPTOSIS.

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

A predominantly X-linked recessive syndrome characterized by a triad of reticular skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and leukoplakia of mucous membranes. Oral and dental abnormalities may also be present. Complications are a predisposition to malignancy and bone marrow involvement with pancytopenia. (from Int J Paediatr Dent 2000 Dec;10(4):328-34) The X-linked form is also known as Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome and involves the gene which encodes a highly conserved protein called dyskerin.

A group of telomere associated proteins that interact with TRF1 PROTEIN, contain ANKYRIN REPEATS and have poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity.

Higher-order DNA and RNA structures formed from guanine-rich sequences. They are formed around a core of at least 2 stacked tetrads of hydrogen-bonded GUANINE bases. They can be formed from one two or four separate strands of DNA (or RNA) and can display a wide variety of topologies, which are a consequence of various combinations of strand direction, length, and sequence. (From Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(19):5402-15)

A genus of ciliate protozoa having a unique cursorial type of locomotion.

An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.

Structures within the nucleus of fungal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.

An increased tendency of the GENOME to acquire MUTATIONS when various processes involved in maintaining and replicating the genome are dysfunctional.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A genus of ciliate protozoa having a dorsoventrally flattened body with widely spaced rows of short bristle-like cilia on the dorsal surface.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A set of nuclear proteins in SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE that are required for the transcriptional repression of the silent mating type loci. They mediate the formation of silenced CHROMATIN and repress both transcription and recombination at other loci as well. They are comprised of 4 non-homologous, interacting proteins, Sir1p, Sir2p, Sir3p, and Sir4p. Sir2p, an NAD-dependent HISTONE DEACETYLASE, is the founding member of the family of SIRTUINS.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the exonucleolytic cleavage of DNA. It includes members of the class EC 3.1.11 that produce 5'-phosphomonoesters as cleavage products.

Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE). Normally 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry the hereditary information of the individual.

Immunologically detectable substances found in the CELL NUCLEUS.

Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

Changes in the organism associated with senescence, occurring at an accelerated rate.

The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

A DNA-binding protein that mediates DNA REPAIR of double strand breaks, and HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION.

The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.

A family of structurally-related DNA helicases that play an essential role in the maintenance of genome integrity. RecQ helicases were originally discovered in E COLI and are highly conserved across both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Genetic mutations that result in loss of RecQ helicase activity gives rise to disorders that are associated with CANCER predisposition and premature aging.

The loss of some TELOMERE sequence during DNA REPLICATION of the first several base pairs of a linear DNA molecule; or from DNA DAMAGE. Cells have various mechanisms to restore length (TELOMERE HOMEOSTASIS.) Telomere shortening is involved in the progression of CELL AGING.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

An energy dependent process following the crosslinking of B CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS by multivalent ligands (bivalent anti-antibodies, LECTINS or ANTIGENS), on the B-cell surface. The crosslinked ligand-antigen receptor complexes collect in patches which flow to and aggregate at one pole of the cell to form a large mass - the cap. The caps may then be endocytosed or shed into the environment.

Analysis of genomic integrity and p53-dependent G1 checkpoint in telomerase-induced extended-life-span human fibroblasts. (1/4834)

Life span determination in normal human cells may be regulated by nucleoprotein structures called telomeres, the physical ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeres have been shown to be essential for chromosome stability and function and to shorten with each cell division in normal human cells in culture and with age in vivo. Reversal of telomere shortening by the forced expression of telomerase in normal cells has been shown to elongate telomeres and extend the replicative life span (H. Vaziri and S. Benchimol, Curr. Biol. 8:279-282, 1998; A. G. Bodnar et al., Science 279:349-352, 1998). Extension of the life span as a consequence of the functional inactivation of p53 is frequently associated with loss of genomic stability. Analysis of telomerase-induced extended-life-span fibroblast (TIELF) cells by G banding and spectral karyotyping indicated that forced extension of the life span by telomerase led to the transient formation of aberrant structures, which were subsequently resolved in higher passages. However, the p53-dependent G1 checkpoint was intact as assessed by functional activation of p53 protein in response to ionizing radiation and subsequent p53-mediated induction of p21(Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1). TIELF cells were not tumorigenic and had a normal DNA strand break rejoining activity and normal radiosensitivity in response to ionizing radiation. (+info)

A telomere-independent senescence mechanism is the sole barrier to Syrian hamster cell immortalization. (2/4834)

Reactivation of telomerase and stabilization of telomeres occur simultaneously during human cell immortalization in vitro and the vast majority of human cancers possess high levels of telomerase activity. Telomerase repression in human somatic cells may therefore have evolved as a powerful resistance mechanism against immortalization, clonal evolution and malignant progression. The comparative ease with which rodent cells immortalize in vitro suggests that they have less stringent controls over replicative senescence than human cells. Here, we report that Syrian hamster dermal fibroblasts possess substantial levels of telomerase activity throughout their culture life-span, even after growth arrest in senescence. In our studies, telomerase was also detected in uncultured newborn hamster skin, in several adult tissues, and in cultured fibroblasts induced to enter the post-mitotic state irreversibly by serum withdrawal. Transfection of near-senescent dermal fibroblasts with a selectable plasmid vector expressing the SV40 T-antigen gene resulted in high-frequency single-step immortalization without the crisis typically observed during the immortalization of human cells. Collectively, these data provide an explanation for the increased susceptibility of rodent cells to immortalization (and malignant transformation) compared with their human equivalents, and provide evidence for a novel, growth factor-sensitive, mammalian senescence mechanism unrelated to telomere maintenance. (+info)

Telomeric repeats on small polydisperse circular DNA (spcDNA) and genomic instability. (3/4834)

Small polydisperse circular DNA (spcDNA) is a heterogeneous population of extrachromosomal circular molecules present in a large variety of eukaryotic cells. Elevated amounts of total spcDNA are related to endogenous and induced genomic instability in rodent and human cells. We suggested spcDNA as a novel marker for genomic instability, and speculated that spcDNA might serve as a mutator. In this study, we examine the presence of telomeric sequences on spcDNA. We report for the first time the appearance of telomeric repeats in spcDNA molecules (tel-spcDNA) in rodent and human cells. Restriction enzyme analysis indicates that tel-spcDNA molecules harbor mostly, if not exclusively, telomeric repeats. In rodent cells, tel-spcDNA levels are higher in transformed than in normal cells and are enhanced by treatment with carcinogen. Tel-spcDNA is also detected in some human tumors and cell lines, but not in others. We suggest, that its levels in human cells may be primarily related to the amount of the chromosomal telomeric sequences. Tel-spcDNA may serve as a unique mutator, through specific mechanisms related to the telomeric repeats, which distinguish it from the total heterogeneous spcDNA population. It may affect telomere dynamics and genomic instability by clastogenic events, alterations of telomere size and sequestration of telomeric proteins. (+info)

p53- and ATM-dependent apoptosis induced by telomeres lacking TRF2. (4/4834)

Although broken chromosomes can induce apoptosis, natural chromosome ends (telomeres) do not trigger this response. It is shown that this suppression of apoptosis involves the telomeric-repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2). Inhibition of TRF2 resulted in apoptosis in a subset of mammalian cell types. The response was mediated by p53 and the ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) kinase, consistent with activation of a DNA damage checkpoint. Apoptosis was not due to rupture of dicentric chromosomes formed by end-to-end fusion, indicating that telomeres lacking TRF2 directly signal apoptosis, possibly because they resemble damaged DNA. Thus, in some cells, telomere shortening may signal cell death rather than senescence. (+info)

Telomere length dynamics and chromosomal instability in cells derived from telomerase null mice. (5/4834)

To study the effect of continued telomere shortening on chromosome stability, we have analyzed the telomere length of two individual chromosomes (chromosomes 2 and 11) in fibroblasts derived from wild-type mice and from mice lacking the mouse telomerase RNA (mTER) gene using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization. Telomere length at both chromosomes decreased with increasing generations of mTER-/- mice. At the 6th mouse generation, this telomere shortening resulted in significantly shorter chromosome 2 telomeres than the average telomere length of all chromosomes. Interestingly, the most frequent fusions found in mTER-/- cells were homologous fusions involving chromosome 2. Immortal cultures derived from the primary mTER-/- cells showed a dramatic accumulation of fusions and translocations, revealing that continued growth in the absence of telomerase is a potent inducer of chromosomal instability. Chromosomes 2 and 11 were frequently involved in these abnormalities suggesting that, in the absence of telomerase, chromosomal instability is determined in part by chromosome-specific telomere length. At various points during the growth of the immortal mTER-/- cells, telomere length was stabilized in a chromosome-specific man-ner. This telomere-maintenance in the absence of telomerase could provide the basis for the ability of mTER-/- cells to grow indefinitely and form tumors. (+info)

Telomere loss in somatic cells of Drosophila causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (6/4834)

Checkpoint mechanisms that respond to DNA damage in the mitotic cell cycle are necessary to maintain the fidelity of chromosome transmission. These mechanisms must be able to distinguish the normal telomeres of linear chromosomes from double-strand break damage. However, on several occasions, Drosophila chromosomes that lack their normal telomeric DNA have been recovered, raising the issue of whether Drosophila is able to distinguish telomeric termini from nontelomeric breaks. We used site-specific recombination on a dispensable chromosome to induce the formation of a dicentric chromosome and an acentric, telomere-bearing, chromosome fragment in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. The acentric fragment is lost when cells divide and the dicentric breaks, transmitting a chromosome that has lost a telomere to each daughter cell. In the eye imaginal disc, cells with a newly broken chromosome initially experience mitotic arrest and then undergo apoptosis when cells are induced to divide as the eye differentiates. Therefore, Drosophila cells can detect and respond to a single broken chromosome. It follows that transmissible chromosomes lacking normal telomeric DNA nonetheless must possess functional telomeres. We conclude that Drosophila telomeres can be established and maintained by a mechanism that does not rely on the terminal DNA sequence. (+info)

Telomere shortening in mTR-/- embryos is associated with failure to close the neural tube. (7/4834)

Mice genetically deficient for the telomerase RNA (mTR) can be propagated for only a limited number of generations. In particular, mTR-/- mice of a mixed C57BL6/129Sv genetic background are infertile at the sixth generation and show serious hematopoietic defects. Here, we show that a percentage of mTR-/- embryos do not develop normally and fail to close the neural tube, preferentially at the forebrain and midbrain. The penetrance of this defect increases with the generation number, with 30% of the mTR-/- embryos from the fifth generation showing the phenotype. Moreover, mTR-/- kindreds in a pure C57BL6 background are only viable up to the fourth generation and also show defects in the closing of the neural tube. Cells derived from mTR-/- embryos that fail to close the neural tube have significantly shorter telomeres and decreased viability than their mTR-/- littermates with a closed neural tube, suggesting that the neural tube defect is a consequence of the loss of telomere function. The fact that the main defect detected in mTR-/- embryos is in the closing of the neural tube, suggests that this developmental process is among the most sensitive to telomere loss and chromosomal instability. (+info)

Generation and characterization of human smooth muscle cell lines derived from atherosclerotic plaque. (8/4834)

The study of atherogenesis in humans has been restricted by the limited availability and brief in vitro life span of plaque smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We describe plaque SMC lines with extended life spans generated by the expression of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 E6 and E7 genes, which has been shown to extend the life span of normal adult human aortic SMCs. Resulting cell lines (pdSMC1A and 2) demonstrated at least 10-fold increases in life span; pdSMC1A became immortal. The SMC identity of both pdSMC lines was confirmed by SM22 mRNA expression. pdSMC2 were generally diploid but with various structural and numerical alterations; pdSMC1A demonstrated several chromosomal abnormalities, most commonly -Y, +7, -13, anomalies previously reported in both primary pdSMCs and atherosclerotic tissue. Confluent pdSMC2 appeared grossly similar to HPV-16 E6/E7-expressing normal adult aortic SMCs (AASMCs), exhibiting typical SMC morphology/growth patterns; pdSMC1A displayed irregular cell shape/organization with numerous mitotic figures. Dedifferentiation to a synthetic/proliferative phenotype has been hypothesized as a critical step in atherogenesis, because rat neonatal SMCs and adult intimal SMCs exhibit similar gene expression patterns. To confirm that our pdSMC lines likewise express this apparent plaque phenotype, osteopontin, platelet-derived growth factor B, and elastin mRNA levels were determined in pdSMC1A, pdSMC2, and AASMCs. However, no significant increases in osteopontin or platelet-derived growth factor B expression levels were observed in either pdSMC compared with AASMCs. pdSMC2 alone expressed high levels of elastin mRNA. Lower levels of SM22 mRNA in pdSMC1A suggested greater dedifferentiation and/or additional population doublings in pdSMC1A relative to pdSMC2. Both pdSMC lines (particularly 1A) demonstrated high message levels for matrix Gla protein, previously reported to be highly expressed by human neointimal SMCs in vitro. These results describe 2 novel plaque cell lines exhibiting various features of plaque SMC biology; pdSMC2 may represent an earlier plaque SMC phenotype, whereas pdSMC1A may be representative of cells comprising an advanced atherosclerotic lesion. (+info)

longest telomeres. Telomeres also exist as a possible drug target. While telomeres serve a vital function in humans, telomerase ... Although leukocyte telomeres shorten with age, sperm telomeres lengthen with age. Shorter telomeres are theorized to impose ... These function in both telomere maintenance and capping. Telomeres form large loop structures called telomere loops, or T-loops ... At the very end of the T-loop, the single-stranded telomere DNA is held onto a region of double-stranded DNA by the telomere ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere

... , also known as protelomerase, is an enzyme found in bacteria which contain linear plasmids. In order to ... Telomere resolvase then cuts the structure and reforms the hairpin turns, forming two new, identical linear plasmids. Shi, Ke; ... Huang, Wai Mun; Aihara, Hideki (2013). "An enzyme-catalyzed multistep DNA refolding mechanism in hairpin telomere formation". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere_resolvase

A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome. Telomere may also refer to: Telomere ( ... Telomerization This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Telomere. If an internal link led you here, ... insect morphology), a type of genital clasper Telomere resolvase, an enzyme found in bacteria which contain linear plasmids. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere_(disambiguation)

A mega-telomere (also known as an ultra-long telomere or a class III telomere), is an extremely long telomere sequence that ... Telomeres are identified by telomere arrays. A telomere array is a unique arrangement of telomeres within a sample (cell, ... Telomere shortening). While the chromosomes in most eukaryotic organisms are capped with telomeres, mega-telomeres are only ... Like regular telomeres, mega-telomeres are made of a repetitive sequence of DNA and associated proteins, and are located on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega-telomere

... s not present may cause the exposed telomeres to undergo a DNA repair response, having mistakenly ... Telomere-binding proteins can generate a T-loop to protect chromosome ends. TRFs are double-stranded proteins which are known ... Telomere-binding proteins function to generate a T-loop, which is a specialized loop structure to cap the telomeric ends. ... By targeting the telomere-binding proteins which serve to protect the ends, it may prove fruitful in future drug therapy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere-binding_protein

A telomere (pl.; telomeres or telomeron), literally "end piece", is a term in insect morphology, and refers to a type of " ... The telomere may have sensilla.[citation needed] Present in higher insect orders from Orthoptera to Hymenoptera. In adult ... insects of these orders, genital claspers may develop in two segments, a proximal basimere and a distal telomere. v t e ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere_(insect_morphology)

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RIF1 gene. RIF1 and RIF2 cap the chromosome ends ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 2, Telomere- ... "Entrez Gene: RIF1 RAP1 interacting factor homolog (yeast)". Ribeyre C, Shore D (2012). "Anticheckpoint pathways at telomeres in ... Xu L, Blackburn EH (December 2004). "Human Rif1 protein binds aberrant telomeres and aligns along anaphase midzone microtubules ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere-associated_protein_RIF1

Importantly, because telomeres are highly repetitive, invasion between or within telomeres is not limited by the requirement ... The main alternative lengthening mechanism for telomeres is a type of homologous recombination called Break-induced Telomere ... this mechanism is used to extend telomeres. Because telomeres are by nature repetitive, matching sequences are widely available ... Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (also known as "ALT") is a telomerase-independent mechanism by which cancer cells avoid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Lengthening_of_Telomeres

They then used α factor to block cells with induced short telomeres in late G1 phase and measured the change in telomere length ... telomere-shortening every S phase. Measurements of telomere lengths across cell types at various ages suggest that this gradual ... Almost all cancer cells have shortened telomeres. This may seem counter-intuitive, as short telomeres should activate the ATR/ ... cancer cells have short telomeres because they progress through an intermediate stage of telomere shortening-caused by division ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomeres_in_the_cell_cycle

"Telomere-to-Telomere". NHGRI. Retrieved 2022-08-16. Nurk S, Koren S, Rhie A, Rautiainen M, Bzikadze AV, Mikheenko A, et al. ( ... In 2022, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) Consortium published the first completely assembled reference genome (version T2T-CHM13 ... It presents gaps mostly in areas concerning telomeres, centromeres and long repetitive sequences, being the biggest gap along ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_genome

Again, it can be presumed that a reduction in TERC results in aberrant telomere maintenance and thus shortened telomeres. Those ... the telomere, during development. Telomeres are placed by telomerase on both ends of linear chromosomes as a way to protect ... Dyskeratosis congenita is a disorder of poor telomere maintenance mainly due to a number of gene mutations that give rise to ... March 2010). "Telomere elongation in induced pluripotent stem cells from dyskeratosis congenita patients". Nature. 464 (7286): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyskeratosis_congenita

They examined the telomeres and telomerase in women. Their results indicated that doctors could monitor telomere length and ... The Telomere Effect: A Revolutionary Approach to Living Younger, Healthier, Longer. While studying telomeres and the ... Since telomeres shorten with every division of a cell, replenishing these caps is essential to long-term cell growth. Through ... The Telomere Effect: the New Science of Living Younger (2017) "Carmel High graduate named to National Academy of Medicine". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elissa_S._Epel

... end of telomeres. A telomere is a region of repetitive sequences at each end of the chromosomes of most eukaryotes. Telomeres ... Telomerase reverses telomere shortening. Telomerase restores short bits of DNA known as telomeres, which are otherwise ... Cherif H, Tarry JL, Ozanne SE, Hales CN (March 2003). "Ageing and telomeres: a study into organ- and gender-specific telomere ... A comparative biology study of mammalian telomeres indicated that telomere length of some mammalian species correlates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase

Telomeres When telomeres of chromosomes shorten with continued cell divisions, the chromosome ends may also fuse, forming ... Chromosomal inversion Telomeres Cytogenetics Nuclear radiation Intellectual disorders Nussbaum, Robert; McInnes, Roderick; ... Boukamp, Petra; Popp, Susanne; Krunic, Damir (2005-11-01). "Telomere-Dependent Chromosomal Instability". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicentric_chromosome

Telomere is a mysterious terrorist organization that is behind the attacks on The Bund. Katie Maurice A female vampire who ... It is later revealed that he is a mole for Telomere. The Eight Elite consists of the best hunters in the Earth Clan. Each ... Hysterica had a habit of referring to her slaves as "Pigs." In the anime, she worked for Telomere, but still tried to contact ... In the anime, it is heavily suggested one or all of them are controlling Telomere, a terrorist group created to kill Mina. Also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Dance_in_the_Vampire_Bund_characters

Located in Madrid, it provides telomere diagnostics, based on a technology, known as TAT (Telomere Analysis Technology) as well ... even when telomeres are short. Therefore, alterations in telomere length have great potential as a biomarker in cancer. ... Length of Telomeres, and the Role of Experiential Avoidance and Compassion Prenatal Undernutrition and Leukocyte Telomere ... Many studies link long telomeres and a slower rate of telomere shortening with greater longevity. For example, research done on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_Length

Gomes, Nuno M. V.; Shay, Jerry W.; Wright, Woodring E. (2010). "Telomere biology in Metazoa". FEBS Letters. 584 (17): 3741-3751 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_jellyfish

Telomere Cairns, John (1975). "Mutation selection and the natural history of cancer". Nature. 255 (5505): 197-200. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immortal_DNA_strand_hypothesis

"Entrez Gene: POT1 POT1 protection of telomeres 1 homolog (S. pombe)". Bauman P, Carolyn P (2010). "Pot1 and telomere ... POT1 is required for telomere protection because it allows for telomere inhibition of DNA damage response factors. The protein ... that binds to the TTAGGG repeats of telomeres, regulating telomere length and protecting chromosome ends from illegitimate ... Protection of telomeres protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POT1 gene. This gene is a member of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POT1

i.e., telomere length variation); epigenomics/epigenetics, organismal and corresponding cell specific transcriptomic regulating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_biology

In 1999 it was reported that telomeres, which cap the end of chromosomes, terminate in a lariat-like structure termed a T-loop ... Griffith, J. D.; Comeau, L.; Rosenfield, S.; Stansel, R. M.; Bianchi, A.; Moss, H.; De Lange, T. (1999). "Mammalian telomeres ... Greider, C. W. (1999). "Telomeres do D-loop-T-loop". Cell. 97 (4): 419-422. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80750-3. PMID 10338204. ... Maestroni L, Matmati S, Coulon S (2017). "Solving the Telomere Replication Problem". Genes. 8 (2): E55. doi:10.3390/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-loop

January 2014). "Enhanced telomere rejuvenation in pluripotent cells reprogrammed via nuclear transfer relative to induced ... Thus, reprogramming leads to the restoration of embryonic telomere length, and hence increases the potential number of cell ... It was found that reprogramming leads to telomere lengthening and subsequent shortening after their differentiation back into ... West MD, Vaziri H (July 2010). "Back to immortality: the restoration of embryonic telomere length during induced pluripotency ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_stem_cells

Author of The Telomere (1995). Professor Thomas Burton Loram Kirkwood CBE (1951-) Dr James Brown (1975-)Elected to membership ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Society_for_Research_on_Ageing

The study was halted early, after telomere attrition was reduced in all 12 patients who could be evaluated. 12 of 27 patients ... A 2016 phase I/II prospective study orally administered 800 mg per day to 27 patients with telomere diseases. The primary ... May 2016). "Danazol Treatment for Telomere Diseases". The New England Journal of Medicine. 374 (20): 1922-1931. doi:10.1056/ ... efficacy endpoint was a 20% reduction in the annual rate of telomere attrition measured. Toxic effects formed the primary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danazol

When that chromosome subsequently replicates it forms two sister chromatids which both lack a telomere. Since telomeres appear ... Since the two resulting chromatids lack telomeres, when they replicate the BFB cycle will repeat, and will continue every ... The BFB cycle begins when the end region of a chromosome, called its telomere, breaks off. ... Murnane, John P. (2012). "Telomere dysfunction and chromosome instability". Mutation Research. 730 (1-2): 28-36. doi:10.1016/j. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakage-fusion-bridge_cycle

Telomeres are regions of repetitive DNA at the end of a chromosome, which provide protection from chromosomal deterioration ... Most of the highly repetitive DNA is found in centromeres and telomeres (see above) and most of it is functional although some ... The genome also contains telomere sequences and centromeres as expected. Much of the repetitive DNA seen in other eukaryotes ... Recent studies have shown that telomeres function to aid in its own stability. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-coding_DNA

In plants, the telomere sequence is conserved, which implies that this strategy can be utilized to successfully construct ... Yu, W.; Lamb, J. C.; Han, F.; Birchler, J. A. (2006). "Telomere-mediated chromosomal truncation in maize". Proceedings of the ... A minichromosome is a small chromatin-like structure resembling a chromosome and consisting of centromeres, telomeres and ... The minimum constituent parts of a chromosome (centromere, telomeres, and DNA replication sequences) are assembled by using ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minichromosome

Another example related to aging is the Telomere theory. Telomere theory proposes that telomeres shorten with repeated cell ... However, there is still the question whether telomere length causes these diseases or if the diseases cause shortened telomeres ... Telomere shortening is common in somatic cells. However, germ line and stem cells prevent the end replication problem with the ... The trade-off exists as the cell benefits from telomerase which prevents permanent growth arrest but telomere shortening is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagonistic_pleiotropy_hypothesis

Telomeres form the terminal region of mammalian chromosomes and are essential for stability and aging and play central roles in ... Telomeres have been long considered transcriptionally inert DNA-protein complexes until it was shown in the late 2000s that ... These ncRNAs are heterogeneous in length, transcribed from several sub-telomeric loci and physically localise to telomeres. ... Blasco MA (October 2007). "Telomere length, stem cells and aging". Nature Chemical Biology. 3 (10): 640-649. doi:10.1038/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_non-coding_RNA

Telomere loss can be lethal for many cells, but in the few that are able to restore the expression of telomerase can bring ... Telomeres - which are a protective 'cap' at the end of DNA molecules - normally shorten in each replication cycle. In certain ... However, telomere degeneration can also induce tumorigenesis in other cells. The key difference is the presence of a functional ... Telomere shortening and p53 expression is a key mechanism to prevent uncontrolled replication and tumor development because ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_instability

Studying telomeres, the structures that protect the ends of chromosomes, has become a key issue in biology. In recent years, ... Telomeres, the repetitive sequences of DNA at the ends of linear chromosomes, have an important function: They protect ... Researchers have shown that it is possible to extend the life of mice by generating hyper-long telomeres, without using any ... For the first time, researchers have found a link between long telomeres and an increased risk for colorectal cancer, according ...

https://www.news-medical.net/medical/search?q=Telomere&t=all&page=2

Whether telomere length is a marker of biological aging or a cause of it remains to be seen. But limiting. the factors that are ... Special structures called telomeres keep a close eye on the damage that accumulates in our cells and signal when it is time for ... Once telomere length reaches a particular cut-off point, the cell becomes senescent, meaning that it can no longer divide and ... Telomeres are stretches of DNA and proteins at the ends of our chromosomes. Each time a cell divides, these stretches naturally ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318764?utm_source=Sailthru%20Email&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=dedicated&utm_content=2020-09-13&apid=34683687

... therapies to curb telomere shortening may prevent dementia. ... Study results suggest that if telomere length determines aging ... Cancer researchers are studying the impact of telomere loss on cancer risk. It appears that telomere shortening may be a ... "If telomere shortening is truly an important part of the pathogenetic process of aging and not simply some sort of marker of ... Telomere length (TL) is likely influenced by genetic factors, as well as by factors such as smoking, diet, and physical ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/767966

In this process, the telomere itself shortens with each cell division and can consequently be t … ... Telomeres are structures of tandem TTAGGG repeats that are found at the ends of chromosomes and preserve genomic DNA by serving ... Telomere shortening and changes in the levels of telomerase, the enzyme that maintains telomeres, occur in the context of ... Telomeres, early-life stress and mental illness Adv Psychosom Med. 2015;34:92-108. doi: 10.1159/000369088. Epub 2015 Mar 30. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25832516/

Get Big Think for Your Business. Enable transformation and drive culture at your company with lessons from the biggest thinkers in the world ...

https://bigthink.com/tag/telomeres/

Read stories, features and news related to telomere. ... Researchers at Duke University studied the telomeres - the tip ... Shortly after the therapy, the aged cells started dividing and had longer telomeres. ... Scientists discovered that having children significantly shortened telomeres (genetic markers of aging). ...

https://www.zmescience.com/tag/telomere/

Telomeres are a protective nucleoprotein structure at each chromosome end. Telomeres naturally shorten with age. The telomere ... Telomere Mean and Standard Deviation (Surplus) (TELO_A) Data File: TELO_A.xpt First Published: November 2014. Last Revised: ... It is important to note that there is wide variance in telomere length measures across labs and types of assays. While they ... While comparisons across studies of telomere length in base pairs are commonly done, it is not highly accurate. ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/1999-2000/TELO_A.htm

List of Publications - arranged by topics. In the following lists the publications are arranged according to their contents. If you want to read the papers, go to publication index and select the corresponding year. There you can find the relevant pdfs.. ...

https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak14/ipmb/phazb/pubwitopic/pubtopic13.html

Could telomeres provide an answer to questions like "How long will I live?" or "Will I get cancer?" What are telomeres? ... Tell Me More about Telomeres. Researchers, journalists, and inquiring minds want to know more about telomeres, which seem to ... Telomeres are structures at the ends of chromosomes that contain repetitive stretches Read More , ...

https://blogs.cdc.gov/genomics/tag/telomeres/

Their joint work led them to realize that TERRA actually accumulates at all telomeres, but at long telomeres it is rapidly ... Telomeres protect the ends of our chromosomes, much like the plastic cap at the end of a shoelace that prevents the lace from ... When a telomere accidentally gets cut short early in a cells lifetime, it needs to be fixed so that the cell doesnt become ... Therefore, telomere shortening is a double-edged sword and has to be carefully regulated to strike a balance between ageing and ...

https://www.uni-mainz.de/presse/aktuell/2048_ENG_HTML.php

... Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. ... BACKGROUND: Telomere length (TL) in surrogate tissues may be influenced by environmental exposures. OBJECTIVE: We aim to ... Relative telomere length (RTL) was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Linear regression modeling evaluated the ... Lifetime Pesticide Use and Telomere Shortening among Male Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. - ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/article/lifetime-pesticide-use-and-telomere-shortening-among-male-pesticide-applicator

... understanding and potentially treating human diseases caused by mutations in genes that control both the ribosome and telomere. ... The findings show a clear genetic link between components of ribosome biogenesis pathway and telomere length, mapping a new ... Telomeres are the physical ends of chromosomes and they shorten with age in most cells. Accelerated shortening of telomeres is ... CNIO researchers obtain the first mice born with hyper-long telomeres. Mice with hyper-long telomeres live, on average, 13% ...

https://www.brightsurf.com/news/article/122019499826/telomere-research-at-marshall-published-in-nature-communications.html

The Telomere blog clearly explains why most of disease can be explained by telomere erosion ... In the telomere blog, we learn that most research assumes everything ages at the same rate but a simple thought experiment ... In this weeks exosome blog, we review the possible impact of MSC exosomes on aging…in the telomere blog, we review a case of a ... This weeks archives: I address the common question "what is the difference between stem cells and exosomes?…..The telomere blog ...

https://www.rechargebiomedical.com/tag/telomere/

Common variants near TERC are associated with mean telomere length ... Individuals are born with telomeres of certain length and in many cells telomeres shorten as the cells divide and age. Telomere ... Gene Variant Associated with Telomere Length a Target for Life Extension Treatment. April 7, 2017. February 10, 2010. by Brian ... "In this study what we found was that those individuals carrying a particular genetic variant had shorter telomeres i.e. looked ...

https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2010/02/gene-variant-associated-with-telomere.html

... Publication. Date: 17th April 2021 | Source: ...

https://nanoporetech.com/resource-centre/telomere-telomere-gapless-chromosomes-banana-using-nanopore-sequencing

Telomere length is an important biomarker in a number of diseases, including male infertility. A decreased telomere length has ... Several studies reported shortening of sperm telomeres associated with infertility. Thus, sperm telomere length can be used as ... Offsprings leukocyte telomere length, paternal age, and telomere elongation in sperm. PLoS Genet. 4(e37)2008.PubMed/NCBI View ... Divergence of sperm and leukocyte age-dependent telomere dynamics: Implications for male-driven evolution of telomere length in ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/wasj.2020.31/abstract

Infants have long telomeres and adults have shorter telomeres. As we age, our telomeres get shorter and shorter. With each ... Telomere shortening with age would resume (the cellular clock would start again) and telomere length would be lost as the cells ... Telomeres represent the internal cellular clocks. Seen in the figure, telomeres are at the ends of all chromosomes (marked in ... There telomeres stop shortening and remain at a constant length. Without the shortening of telomeres (without the clock running ...

https://www.scq.ubc.ca/targeting-telomeres-and-cancer-for-dummi%D3%99s/

Shortened Telomeres Predict Cancer. A study following 792 persons for 13 years showed that shortened telomeres predict cancer. ... Telomeres are the caps at the end of chromosomes that protect the DNA between cell divisions. Initially all of the patients of ... anti-aging drugs, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, elongate telomeres, life expectancy, lifestyle changes, modified RNA, ...

https://nethealthbook.com/news/tag/elongate-telomeres/

They seem to have two classes of telomeres: long telomeres that do not shorten with increasing age and shorter telomeres that ... Telomeres are a piece of DNA at the end of chromosomes, and they protect the other DNA. In many species shortening of telomere ... Els Atema discovered that telomeres of great tits differ from telomeres in humans and other bird species. ... In great tits we used the shorter telomeres as measurement for ageing. We found that great tits that are most successful in ...

https://www.rug.nl/about-ug/latest-news/events/promoties/?hfId=116246

Martínez P, Blasco MA (2017). Telomere-driven diseases and telomere-targeting therapies. J Cell Biol 216, 875-887. CNIO ... Progressive shortening of telomeres associated with organism ageing leads to ageing. When telomeres are altered, adult stem ... Testing telomerase gene therapy in telomere syndromes and age-related diseases.. *Role of telomerase and telomeres in adult ... Telomeres and Telomerase Group - Fundación Humanismo y Ciencia. María A. Blasco Group Leader. T +34 917328032 (Ext 3400) ...

https://www.cnio.es/en/research-innovation/scientific-programmes/molecular-oncology-programme/telomeres-and-telomerase-group/

Telomere length shortens with age. Progressive shortening of our telomeres leads to cell death or transformation into cancer, ... Telomere length shortens with age. Progressive shortening of our telomeres leads to cell death or transformation into cancer, ... Republishing "Telomeres: Cap It All Off with Diet". × Terms You may republish this material online or in print under our ... no wonder lifelong low cholesterol levels have been related to longer telomeres and a smaller proportion of short telomeres-in ...

https://nutritionfacts.org/video/telomeres-cap-it-all-off-with-diet/

Somatic cells generally do not maintain telomere sequences, and these cells become senescent in adults as telomeres shorten to ... We show that somatic telomere maintenance is different in asexual and sexual animals. Asexual animals maintain telomere length ... Here we study the telomere biology of planarian flatworms with apparently limitless regenerative capacity fueled by a ... Asexual adult planarian stem cells appear to maintain telomere length over evolutionary timescales without passage through a ...

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PNAS..109.4209T

Telomere and telomere expression data used in the manuscript. (1) Cross sectional and (2) longitudinal data on frillneck ... lizards telomere length in relation to sex, age, survival and temporal change in telomere length. (3) Telomere length (TL) in ... that is lizards with short initial telomeres were subjected to reduced telomere attrition rates compared to lizards with long ... Data from: Curvilinear telomere length dynamics in a squamate reptile. Ujvari, Beata, Deakin University ...

https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.1n1kc

AA grant support: NIH: Human Telomere Genetics R01AG20132; Telomeres & Vascular Aging, R01AG21593; Leukocyte Telomere Dynamics ... Telomere length, telomere-related genes, and breast cancer risk: the breast cancer health disparities study. Genes Chromosomes ... Genetics of leukocyte telomere length and its role in atherosclerosis. Mutat Res 2012;730:68-74. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.05. ... Telomere length in white blood cell DNA and lung cancer: a pooled analysis of three prospective cohorts. Cancer Res 2014;74: ...

https://jmg.bmj.com/content/52/3/157.full

In the present work, the protective effect of catalpol against AS via inhibiting oxidative stress, DNA damage, and telomere ... telomere function, and related DNA damage at least partly through activating the PGC-1,i,α,/i,/TERT pathway. Moreover, ... which is the new link between mitochondria and telomere, was involved in the protective effects of catalpol. Further, by using ... Telomere length is considered as a biomarker of chronological aging [39]. TERT is a key enzyme in regulating telomere length. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2018/2876350/

HOAP is a telomere-binding protein that has a conserved role in Drosophila, but it also needs to evolve quickly to restrict ... 2004) HP1 controls telomere capping, telomere elongation, and telomere silencing by two different mechanisms in Drosophila ... Telomeres: Change and HOAP for the best. HOAP is a telomere-binding protein that has a conserved role in Drosophila, but it ... regulated HTT expression and telomere length. The telomeres in flies carrying the D. yakuba variant did not have the genetic ...

https://elifesciences.org/articles/64945

Here we examine the impact of telomere length changes on Arabidopsis thaliana responses to three contrasting abiotic ... Telomere length has been implicated in the organismal response to stress, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. ... We report that telomere length in wild type and short telomere mutants is resistant to abiotic stress, while elongated ... Telomere length has been implicated in the organismal response to stress, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-505927/v1

OR long telomere and multiple beta-1 HPV seronegativity = 0.02, 95% CI=0.002- 0.17; OR=0.27 long telomere and multiple beta-1 ... Association between telomere length and SCC, stratified by HPV status, was examined using logistic regression and, odds ratios ... infection and telomere length have both been associated with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We examined the ... for whom data was available on telomere length and a) beta-HPV serology (135 cases and 201 controls), b) beta-HPV DNA in ...

https://dermatology.cdlib.org/uc/item/6622j8dq

https://www.coralcoe.org.au/crs_event/telomere-regulation-from-cell-to-tissue-homeostasis

Seminars and Events at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) and Vienna Biocenter (VBC).

https://www.imp.ac.at/calendar/event/telomeres-and-their-protein-protein-interaction/

Scientists now know that many factors - including physical exercise , sleep , depression , and certain gene mutations - are associated with reduced telomere length, and, by extension, can lead to premature biological aging. (medicalnewstoday.com)
TERC gene mutations lead to telomerase dysfunction, impaired maintenance of telomeres, and reduced telomere length. (medlineplus.gov)

Studying telomeres, the structures that protect the ends of chromosomes, has become a key issue in biology. (news-medical.net)
Researchers at the Institute of Molecular Biology and Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have further uncovered the secrets of telomeres, the caps that protect the ends of our chromosomes. (news-medical.net)
Telomeres, the repetitive sequences of DNA at the ends of linear chromosomes, have an important function: They protect vulnerable chromosome ends from molecular attack. (news-medical.net)
Telomeres are stretches of DNA and proteins at the ends of our chromosomes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Telomeres are structures of tandem TTAGGG repeats that are found at the ends of chromosomes and preserve genomic DNA by serving as a disposable buffer to protect DNA termini during chromosome replication. (nih.gov)
Telomeres protect the ends of our chromosomes, much like the plastic cap at the end of a shoelace that prevents the lace from unravelling. (uni-mainz.de)
however, telomeres and TERRA are found across all organisms with linear chromosomes. (uni-mainz.de)
What we studied are structures called telomeres which are parts of one's chromosomes. (nextbigfuture.com)
Telomeres are the caps at the end of chromosomes that protect the DNA between cell divisions. (nethealthbook.com)
Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes located at the ends of chromosomes and are essential for chromosome protection and genomic stability. (cnio.es)
Telomeres are specialized structures that 'cap' and protect the ends of linear chromosomes. (elifesciences.org)
Losing telomeres leads to harmful anomalies, such as chromosomes fusing together: these structures are therefore conserved in all organisms with linear chromosomes, including (but not limited to) all animals, plants, insects and fungi ( de Lange, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
Telomeres are random repeat DNA sequences that form a protective cap in the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Telomeres consist of repetitive nucleoprotein tracts of sequence (TTAGGG)n that cap the ends of linear chromosomes. (researchsquare.com)
It's very important to make sure that our chromosomes don't get damaged to prevent diseases like cancer, and telomeres come to the rescue in this regard. (hackyourgut.com)
Telomeres are little protective caps on the ends of chromosomes that prevent deterioration or fusion of frayed ends of DNA. (hackyourgut.com)
In light of the importance of telomeres in tissue regeneration, aging, and cancer, the authors decided to analyze the changes that occur in these protective structures of the chromosomes during the "in vivo" reprogramming process, which leads to de-differentiation of the tissues. (bioquicknews.com)
Telomeres are highly regulated and dynamic complexes that protect the genomic DNA and prevent the end of linear chromosomes from being misrecognized as a broken DNA. (imrpress.com)
Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase capable of compensating telomere attrition by adding telomere repeats to the ends of chromosomes. (imrpress.com)
Telomeres are short stretches of DNA are the ends of chromosomes and are essential for fidelity of genetic information during cell division. (2minutemedicine.com)
The chromosomes of the DNA have ends that are called telomeres. (healthymoneyvine.com)
The Nobel winner says keeping telomeres - the ends of our chromosomes - in prime condition can stave off diseases associated with ageing. (healthymoneyvine.com)
Telomeres are repetitive ribonucleoprotein complexes present at ends of chromosomes. (healthymoneyvine.com)
Telomerase maintains structures called telomeres, which are composed of repeated segments of DNA found at the ends of chromosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
Telomeres protect chromosomes from abnormally sticking together or breaking down (degrading). (medlineplus.gov)
Telomerase counteracts the shortening of telomeres by adding small repeated segments of DNA to the ends of chromosomes each time the cell divides. (medlineplus.gov)
Telomeres are sequences of DNA on the ends of chromosomes that protect chromosomes from sticking to each other or tangling, which could cause irregularities in normal DNA functions. (asu.edu)
As cells replicate, telomeres shorten at the end of chromosomes, which correlates to senescence or cellular aging. (asu.edu)
Telomeres are small structures that protect the ends of your chromosomes. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)
How the ends of chromosomes, called "telomeres", contribute to maintaining DNA health. (cmrijeansforgenes.org.au)
For example, recent data suggest that the lengths of telomeres, the DNA sequences at the ends of our chromosomes that shorten with aging, might be associated with COPD. (medlineplus.gov)

Telomeres naturally shorten with age. (cdc.gov)
Emerging evidence indicates that telomeres shorten with exposure to psychosocial stress (including early-life stress) and perhaps in association with some psychiatric disorders. (nih.gov)
However, telomere shortening is also a defense mechanism against cancer because highly proliferative cells can only divide when their telomeres do not shorten. (uni-mainz.de)
Individuals are born with telomeres of certain length and in many cells telomeres shorten as the cells divide and age. (nextbigfuture.com)
Somatic cells generally do not maintain telomere sequences, and these cells become senescent in adults as telomeres shorten to a critical length. (harvard.edu)
So, each time our DNA replicates and our cells divide, our telomeres shorten a little bit. (hackyourgut.com)
As our cells divide more and we get older, our telomeres shorten. (hackyourgut.com)
Due to the end replication problem, telomeres of somatic cells shorten with each cell division, inducing cell senescence. (imrpress.com)
Telomeres shorten each time a cell divides, and when they become too short, cell division stops. (healthymoneyvine.com)

But limiting the factors that are negatively associated with telomere length is likely to contribute to a more youthful biological age. (medicalnewstoday.com)
European children, particularly those from Finland ( P = 0.041) and from Sweden ( P = 0.001), had shorter telomeres than children from the U.S.A. Paternal age ( P = 0.019) was positively associated with telomere length. (researchsquare.com)

For the first time, researchers have found a link between long telomeres and an increased risk for colorectal cancer, according to research presented at the American Association for Cancer Research. (news-medical.net)
Researchers have shown that it is possible to extend the life of mice by generating hyper-long telomeres, without using any gene modifying technologies. (news-medical.net)
When they discovered that the pattern of cyclic TERRA accumulation was different between short and long telomeres, they knew they were on to something and joined forces for this project. (uni-mainz.de)
Their joint work led them to realize that TERRA actually accumulates at all telomeres, but at long telomeres it is rapidly removed with the help of proteins Rat1 and RNase H2. (uni-mainz.de)
These proteins bind preferentially to the long telomeres and ensure that TERRA is removed, but they are not present at the critically short telomeres, which means that TERRA remains for a longer time. (uni-mainz.de)
The great thing about stem cells is that they express telomerase, so they tend to maintain long telomeres. (hackyourgut.com)
Telomere length can be considered as an indicator of an organism's somatic state, long telomeres reflecting higher energy investment in self-maintenance. (elsevier.com)
Mice have long telomeres and senesce just fine. (cdc.gov)

Shortly after the therapy, the aged cells started dividing and had longer telomeres. (zmescience.com)
Thus, sperm telomere length can be used as biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of male infertility, since fertile males have longer telomeres and the length decreases with age. (spandidos-publications.com)
HLA-DR4/4 or HLA-DR4/X children had significantly longer telomeres compared to children with HLA-DR3/3 or HLA-DR3/9 haplogenotypes ( P = 0.008). (researchsquare.com)
In addition, paternal age is positively correlated with longer telomeres 5 . (researchsquare.com)
Additionally, cells that are born directly from stem cells likely have longer telomeres than cells that aren't, based on the simple fact that they're one cell division away from exposure to high levels of telomerase. (hackyourgut.com)
On one hand, foods including fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes that contains a high amount of these compounds are associated with longer telomeres. (lifelength.com)
These two micronutrients are associated with longer telomeres since they are known to be key compounds for maintenance of DNA stability. (lifelength.com)

This, said Dr. Honig, could be because of variations at birth, differences in the rate of telomere attrition during life, environmental influences affecting aging such as diet and exercise, and the presence of other diseases. (medscape.com)
Each copy of the minor allele of rs12696304 was associated with an ~75-base-pair reduction in mean telomere length, equivalent to ~3.6 years of age-related telomere-length attrition. (nextbigfuture.com)
Importantly, our longitudinal analyses revealed a positive relationship between initial TL and telomere attrition rate within individual lizards, that is lizards with short initial telomeres were subjected to reduced telomere attrition rates compared to lizards with long initial TL. (datadryad.org)
Background Telomere attrition is a novel risk element for cardiovascular disease. (exposed-skin-care.net)
2 3 Chronic diseases may accelerate this process leading to premature telomere attrition. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Each cell division causes progressive attrition (around 50-200 bp of the telomeres) and is part of determining the lifespan of cells 2 . (researchsquare.com)
however, in young children 7 and young adults (around 30 years), telomeres are longer in women than in men, although the attrition rate is higher in women 8 . (researchsquare.com)
Thus, during the first 20 years of life, telomere attrition may be accelerated in subjects with HLA-DR4 + 10 . (researchsquare.com)
Several mechanisms may contribute to the attrition of telomeres, but there is only one known mechanism in healthy individuals, beyond embryogenesis, that counteracts the shortening of telomeres. (researchsquare.com)
In aged primary T cells, mitochondrial stress contributes to telomere attrition measured by a novel imaging flow cytometry assay. (ox.ac.uk)
While autophagy has been found to control mitochondrial damage, no link has been made to telomere attrition. (ox.ac.uk)
In contrast, mitochondrial stress can contribute to telomere attrition and vice versa. (ox.ac.uk)

Biron-Shental T, Wiser A, Hershko-Klement A, Markovitch O, Amiel A and Berkovitch A: Sub-fertile sperm cells exemplify telomere dysfunction. (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, oxidative stress and aging were considered to be the major causes of inflammation, DNA damage, and telomere dysfunction and shortening [ 2 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Critical telomere shortening in the absence of telomerase in late generation Terc -/- mice (G3 Terc -/- ) or loss of telomere capping due to abrogation of the DNA repair/telomere binding protein Ku86 (Ku86 -/- mice) results in telomere dysfunction and organismal premature aging. (elsevier.com)
In addition, the data presented in this study support the view that telomere dysfunction induces a robust compensatory response to rescue impaired germ cell function through the induction of survival signals related to the PI3-kinase pathway, as well as by the coordinated upregulation of transcripts that are essential for mammalian spermatogenesis. (elsevier.com)
Telomere dysfunction accurately predicts clinical outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, even in patients with early stage disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Here we assessed the ability of high-resolution single telomere length analysis (STELA), combined with an experimentally derived definition of telomere dysfunction, to predict the clinical outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). (ox.ac.uk)
In keeping with this finding, telomere dysfunction was the dominant variable in multivariate analysis. (ox.ac.uk)
Taken together, this study provides compelling evidence for the use of high-resolution telomere length analysis coupled with a definition of telomere dysfunction in the prognostic assessment of CLL. (ox.ac.uk)
Alterations or removal of individual shelterin components would lead to telomere uncapping and telomere dysfunction, resulting in cellular senescence and transformation to a malignant state. (imrpress.com)
Telomere shortening, low autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction have been shown to underpin cell senescence. (ox.ac.uk)
Telomerase reactivation following telomere dysfunction yields murine prostate tumors with bone metastases. (bvsalud.org)
To determine the role of telomere dysfunction and telomerase reactivation in generating pro-oncogenic genomic events and in carcinoma progression, an inducible telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTert) allele was crossed onto a prostate cancer -prone mouse model null for Pten and p53 tumor suppressors. (bvsalud.org)
Constitutive telomerase deficiency and associated telomere dysfunction constrained cancer progression. (bvsalud.org)
In contrast, telomerase reactivation in the setting of telomere dysfunction alleviated intratumoral DNA -damage signaling and generated aggressive cancers with rearranged genomes and new tumor biological properties ( bone metastases ). (bvsalud.org)
Thus, telomerase reactivation in tumor cells experiencing telomere dysfunction enables full malignant progression and provides a mechanism for acquisition of cancer -relevant genomic events endowing new tumor biological capabilities. (bvsalud.org)

July 23, 2012 - Shortening of leukocyte telomeres, the extreme ends of chromosomal DNA, is associated with risks for dementia and mortality, and may be a marker of biological aging, according to a new study. (medscape.com)
Socioeconomic status, health behavior, and leukocyte telomere length in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. (cdc.gov)
We conducted genome-wide association analyses of mean leukocyte telomere length in 2,917 individuals, with follow-up replication in 9,492 individuals. (nextbigfuture.com)
A previous study indicated that leukocyte telomere length is shortened in AS patients [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
The aim of this study is to assess baseline mean leukocyte telomere length (TL) as a potential predictive factor for chemotherapy toxicity and a prognostic marker for long-term outcome in early breast cancer (BC) patients. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)

The results suggest that if telomere length is a determinant of aging, it might be possible to develop agents that prevent telomere shortening, and this might decrease the incidence of age-related dementia, said lead author Lawrence S. Honig, MD, PhD, from the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and professor of clinical neurology, at Columbia University, New York City. (medscape.com)
If telomere shortening is truly an important part of the pathogenetic process of aging and not simply some sort of marker of aging, then we might imagine that intervening in that shortening process might somehow cause people to be biologically younger at a given age. (medscape.com)
It appears that telomere shortening may be a necessary biological process in cancer prevention. (medscape.com)
So, what if it were possible to treat them by acting on the causes of ageing or, more specifically, by acting on the shortening of telomeres, the structures. (news-medical.net)
Researchers have detected a link between alcohol consumption, cancer and aging that starts at the cellular level with telomere shortening. (news-medical.net)
The result of this is a progressive shortening of the telomere DNA stretch with every round of cell division. (medicalnewstoday.com)
With progressive telomere shortening comes cell senescence. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Telomere shortening and changes in the levels of telomerase, the enzyme that maintains telomeres, occur in the context of certain somatic diseases and in response to selected physical stressors. (nih.gov)
These discoveries suggest that telomere shortening might be a useful biomarker for the overall stress response of an organism to various pathogenic conditions. (nih.gov)
The possibility that telomere shortening can be slowed or reversed by psychiatric and psychosocial interventions could represent an opportunity for developing novel preventative and therapeutic approaches. (nih.gov)
Telomere shortening and reduced cell division are considered a hallmark of ageing and likely contribute to the ageing process. (uni-mainz.de)
Therefore, telomere shortening is a double-edged sword and has to be carefully regulated to strike a balance between ageing and cancer prevention. (uni-mainz.de)
Lifetime Pesticide Use and Telomere Shortening among Male Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. (greenmedinfo.com)
A decreased telomere length has been reported in several diseases and telomere shortening may occur due to aging, decreased telomerase activity, oxidative stress or cell division. (spandidos-publications.com)
Sperm telomere shortening is associated with male infertility through several mechanisms, including the apoptosis of spermatozoa, decreased motility, low sperm count, incorrect chromosomal pairing and movement during meiosis, and failed fertilization. (spandidos-publications.com)
Several studies reported shortening of sperm telomeres associated with infertility. (spandidos-publications.com)
Progressive shortening of telomeres associated with organism ageing leads to ageing. (cnio.es)
In the present work, the protective effect of catalpol against AS via inhibiting oxidative stress, DNA damage, and telomere shortening was found in LDLr −/− mice. (hindawi.com)
Decrease baseline eGFRCKD-EPI (and all other actions of kidney function) expected more rapid telomere shortening (10.8 [95% CI 4.3-17.3] decrease in base pairs over 5 years for each and every 5 ml/min/1.73 m2 lesser eGFRCKD-EPI). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Conclusions In individuals with CHD reduced kidney function is definitely associated with i) shorter baseline telomere size and ii) more rapid telomere shortening over 5 years however these associations are entirely explained by older age. (exposed-skin-care.net)
1] The part of Rivaroxaban telomeres is to prevent chromosome ends from being identified as double strand breaks in DNA thus limiting chromosome shortening and recombination. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Clinical studies possess reported that individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) may have shorter telomere size and accelerated telomere shortening compared with the general human population. (exposed-skin-care.net)
8] [9] Within this study we aimed to test the association of six different measures of kidney function with telomere length and telomere shortening over 5 years. (exposed-skin-care.net)
On the other hand, a diet that consists of saturated fats, alcohol, sugary drinks and that includes high consumption of processed meat will very likely lead to greater telomere shortening. (lifelength.com)
The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, induced by these fatty-acids, can reduce telomere shortening as they decrease the oxidative damage of the DNA. (lifelength.com)
Telomere shortening within the CD8+ subset could be prevented in vitro by treatment with a ROS scavenger. (ox.ac.uk)
The shortening of human telomeres has two opposing effects during cancer development. (healthymoneyvine.com)
On the one hand, telomere shortening can exert a tumour-suppressive effect through the proliferation arrest induced by activating the kinases ATM and ATR at unprotected chromosome ends. (healthymoneyvine.com)
v) People with cancer have severe shortening of their telomeres, the protein 'ends' of the DNA strands which keep the DNA strands in place. (canceractive.com)
A shortening of telomeres usually signals ageing and a reduced life-span. (canceractive.com)
Also, there is shortening of telomere length associated with HIV infection. (aginghiv.org)
The p53 gene may have an additional function of signaling cell growth arrest in response to telomere shortening, which occurs with repeated cellular divisions and ultimately threatens chromosomal stability. (elsevier.com)
Furthermore, most stem cells are quiescent, and telomere shortening normally only occurs with cell division. (asiatox.org)

Telomeres are at the nexus between the two, so understanding how they are maintained is really important', said Brian Luke, Professor at the JGU Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology and Adjunct Director at IMB. (uni-mainz.de)
Role of telomerase and telomeres in adult stem cell biology and in nuclear reprogramming of differentiated cells to iPS cells. (cnio.es)
Here we study the telomere biology of planarian flatworms with apparently limitless regenerative capacity fueled by a population of highly proliferative adult stem cells. (harvard.edu)
With the changing emphasis from genetic to epigenetic understandings of pathology (including telomere biology), with the use of gene delivery systems (including viral delivery systems), and with the use of cell-based therapies (including stem cell therapies), a fatalistic view of age-related disease is no longer a reasonable clinical default nor an appropriate clinical research paradigm. (lidsen.com)
Precedence will be given to papers describing fundamental interventions, including interventions that affect cell senescence, patterns of gene expression, telomere biology, stem cell biology, and other innovative, 21st century interventions, especially if the focus is on clinical applications, ongoing clinical trials, or animal trials preparatory to phase 1 human clinical trials. (lidsen.com)
Thus, it is important to understand the telomere biology so as to deal with normal physiologic processes such as apoptosis, aging and senescence and tumor development. (healthymoneyvine.com)
Our studies of telomere biology and DNA replication led us unexpectedly to identify how lethal replication stress induces cell death specifically during mitosis through a pathway of cohesion fatigue and non-canonical telomere deprotection. (cmrijeansforgenes.org.au)
Following this, she then served from 2008-2011 in a postdoctoral training in telomere biology and single-molecule imaging at the University of Pittsburgh. (ncsu.edu)
Updates on the biology and management of dyskeratosis congenita and related telomere biology disorders. (medscape.com)

In this process, the telomere itself shortens with each cell division and can consequently be thought of as a cellular 'clock', reflecting the age of a cell and the time until senescence. (nih.gov)
We already knew that short telomeres play a key role in determining the onset of cellular senescence, but we didn't really understand which features of short telomeres were important. (uni-mainz.de)
Telomere length is closely associated with cell senescence [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, it is found that mitochondria and telomere link contributes to the induction of cancer cell senescence and PGC-1 α is the key molecule to link oxidative stress and telomere function [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
With natural ageing DNA polymerase is not able to fully replicate the 3′ end of linear DNA resulting Rivaroxaban in an obligate and progressive loss of telomere repeats with each cell division - eventually resulting in cellular senescence or apoptosis. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Telomere length (TL) has been associated with cellular longevity and is thought to play an important role in cellular aging and senescence. (2minutemedicine.com)
Telomerase activity is necessary for the stabilization of telomeres, which function to overcome cellular senescence and are linked to unlimited cell proliferation. (elsevier.com)

This ability plays a key role in lengthening and maintaining telomeres, as HTTs typically get inserted at chromosome-ends ( Casacuberta, 2017 ), but they can also cause genome instability if these sequences replicate without control. (elifesciences.org)
Telomeres prevent the loss of coding sequences and hinder major chromosomal rearrangements 1 . (researchsquare.com)
Some cell types, such as lymphocytes, are capable of activating telomerase, an enzyme that can elongate telomere sequences and thereby modulate cellular lifespan. (researchsquare.com)

In most sexually reproducing animals, replication and maintenance of telomeres occurs in the germ line and during early development in embryogenesis through the use of telomerase. (harvard.edu)
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the protein subunit of telomerase, maintains telomere ends during DNA replication by catalyzing the addition of short telomere repeats [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition to this role, telomeres function to protect the ends of DNA during the process of DNA replication. (hackyourgut.com)
Fortunately, there's an enzyme called telomerase that can re-lengthen telomeres that are shortened during DNA replication. (hackyourgut.com)
Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) cancers achieve immortality by reelongating their telomeres in the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle through a specialized break-induced replication (BIR) pathway (1, 2). (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)
We identified that telomere-loops (t-loops) function specifically to regulate ATM activity at human and mouse telomeres and collaborated with the Boulton Lab from the Crick Institute to identify how t-loops are resolved during S-phase to enable telomere replication. (cmrijeansforgenes.org.au)
2020. Structurally distinct telomere-binding proteins in Ustilago maydis execute non-overlapping functions in telomere replication, recombination, and protection. . (cornell.edu)

Her research focuses on single-molecule experimental investigations of the structure-function relationships that govern the maintenance of telomeres. (ncsu.edu)

The variants identified lies near a gene called TERC which is already known to play an important role in maintaining telomere length. (nextbigfuture.com)

Sep 22, 2022 Telomere vesicles retained the Rad51 recombination factor that enabled telomere fusion with T-cell chromosome ends lengthening them by an average of 3,000 base pairs. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)

On the other hand, loss of telomere protection can lead to telomere crisis, which is a state of extensive genome instability that can promote cancer progression. (healthymoneyvine.com)

In addition, the DNA in Drosophila telomeres is wrapped around proteins decorated with a specific mark recognized by Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1 for short) to ensure that they remain in their compacted form. (elifesciences.org)
Given the critical role of telomeres, it is intriguing that flies have evolved a protective mechanism that involves parasitic elements and factors like HOAP and HipHop, which are two of the fastest evolving proteins in Drosophila ( Saint-Leandre and Levine, 2020 ). (elifesciences.org)
Telomeres are essentially made out of the same building blocks as DNA, but they don't actually contain blueprint information that's translated in to the proteins that make you. (hackyourgut.com)
Human telomeres are associated with the shelterin complex which consists of six telomere-associated proteins that specifically bind to telomeric DNA. (imrpress.com)
Another complex of multifunctional proteins, named non-shelterin complex, is thought to prevent telomere degradation and facilitate telomerase-based telomere elongation. (imrpress.com)
In this review, we will summarize the characteristics of telomeres and telomerase in lymphoid malignancies and discuss the role of telomere-associated proteins in these entities. (imrpress.com)
It takes two crews of proteins to keep the telomeres in fine fettle, as Kim et al. (rupress.org)
TRF1 and TRF2 are just two of the proteins that ensure that a cell's telomeres remain long and structurally sound. (rupress.org)
Another protein, TIN2, links up with both molecules and with other proteins to form complexes that help maintain the telomeres. (rupress.org)
2015. Telomere DNA recognition in Saccharomycotina yeast: potential lessons for the co-evolution of ssDNA and dsDNA-binding proteins and their target sites. . (cornell.edu)
The goal of her current research is to use two highly innovative and complementary single-molecule imaging techniques (atomic force microscopy and fluorescence imaging) together with quantum dot labeled proteins to investigate the effects of DNA damage on the conformational and dynamic properties of telomeric DNA structure and telomere binding proteins. (ncsu.edu)

Likewise, a systematic review published in the September 2017 issue of the Journal of Psychiatric Research also shows an association between adversity during childhood - including violence, institutionalization, and poverty - and shorter telomeres. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Vitamin D - A scientific article published in 2017 in the "Journal of Nutrition" concluded that those individuals with low Vitamin D had shorter telomeres than those whose levels were adequate. (lifelength.com)
Research Gate dated January 2017 published this telomeres information article " Telomeres in cancer: Tumour suppression and genome instability . (healthymoneyvine.com)
2017. Telomere recombination pathways: tales of several unhappy marriages. . (cornell.edu)

This mechanism ensures the subsequent repair of the short telomere, which is crucial for the cell to survive and keep dividing. (uni-mainz.de)
Short telomere length is a predictor of heart disease, aging and cancer. (healthymoneyvine.com)

In healthy subjects, HLA-DRB1*04 alleles have been shown to be associated with shorter telomeres in CD4 + T-cells, although the difference in telomere length between HLA-DR4 + and HLA-DR4 − subjects was not identified at birth. (researchsquare.com)
This difference in telomere length coupled with the more rapid rate of cell division in cancer cells makes the inhibition of telomerase a stylish potential breast cancer therapeutic target. (asiatox.org)

Cancer researchers are studying the impact of telomere loss on cancer risk. (medscape.com)

We identified an association with telomere length on 3q26 (rs12696304, combined P = 3.72 × 10−14) at a locus that includes TERC, which encodes the telomerase RNA component. (nextbigfuture.com)

Telomere length (TL) is likely influenced by genetic factors, as well as by factors such as smoking, diet, and physical activity, the researchers write. (medscape.com)
Scientists discovered that having children significantly shortened telomeres (genetic markers of aging). (zmescience.com)
In this study what we found was that those individuals carrying a particular genetic variant had shorter telomeres i.e. looked biologically older. (nextbigfuture.com)
The telomeres in flies carrying the D. yakuba variant did not have the genetic marks recognized by HP1 and recruited much less of this protein. (elifesciences.org)
These telomeres are responsible for protecting the genetic data. (healthymoneyvine.com)
Dr. Jay Sarthy is a hematologist-oncologist who specializes in pediatric bone marrow transplantation for children with blood cancers and rare genetic conditions, such as telomere syndromes. (seattlechildrens.org)
Genetic mutations and telomere length may influence the course of the ILD and be associated with a worse prognosis. (medscape.com)

Special structures called telomeres keep a close eye on the damage that accumulates in our cells and signal when it is time for them to retire. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The telomere capping complex CST has an unusual stoichiometry, makes multipartite interaction with G-Tails, and unfolds higher-order G-tail structures. (cornell.edu)

Researchers, journalists, and inquiring minds want to know more about telomeres, which seem to hold clues to human aging and age-related diseases. (cdc.gov)
Alternatively genetically susceptible people may age even faster when exposed to proven 'bad' environments for telomeres like smoking, obesity or lack of exercise - and end up several years biologically older or succumbing to more age-related diseases. (nextbigfuture.com)
Telomere length is an important biomarker in a number of diseases, including male infertility. (spandidos-publications.com)
Generating mouse models to validate telomeres and telomerase as therapeutic targets for cancer and age-related diseases. (cnio.es)
Testing telomerase gene therapy in telomere syndromes and age-related diseases. (cnio.es)
Telomere length exhibits disease-specific patterns in different autoimmune diseases 2 , 14 , 15 . (researchsquare.com)
In this current study, we examined cross-sectional associations among social-demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and relative telomere length (RTL) in peripheral blood leukocytes, as well as longitudinal relationships among major chronic diseases, weight gain, and RTL, among 12,792 Mexican Americans aged 20 to 85 years in the Mano-A-Mano, a Mexican American Cohort. (tmc.edu)
Research suggests that control of the telomere length has the potential to treat many diseases linked to aging. (lisatamati.com)

2018. Single telomere length analysis in Ustilago maydis, a high-resolution tool for examining fungal telomere length distribution and C-strand 5'-end processing. . (cornell.edu)

In this regard, telomeres and their response to both somatic and psychiatric illness could serve as a unifying stress-response biomarker that crosses the brain/body distinction that is often made in medicine. (nih.gov)
Keywords: kidney CKD telomere Intro Telomere size is a novel biomarker of physiologic age and cardiovascular risk. (exposed-skin-care.net)
We already know that the telomere length is a key biomarker of our tissue renewal capacity and therefore an important indicator of our aging process. (lifelength.com)
We shall also request access to physiological biomarker, biological age (telomere length) and polygenic risk score (26211) data (for asthma). (ukbiobank.ac.uk)

Objective -To measure telomere length and telomerase activity in naturally occurring canine mammary gland tumors. (avma.org)

Adults with post-traumatic stress disorder and a history of childhood trauma had significantly shorter telomere length than those with PTSD but without childhood trauma, in a study by researchers at. (news-medical.net)
Shorter telomere length in leukocytes has been reported in subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to controls, although shorter telomere length was not associated with the duration of T1D 16 . (researchsquare.com)

Relative telomere length (RTL) was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. (greenmedinfo.com)
Relative telomere length (RTL), parameters of retinal microvascular function, CVD circulatory markers and blood pressure (BP) were measured in all individuals. (aston.ac.uk)
Our novel assay is a sensitive assay to measure relative telomere length in primary cells and has revealed ROS as a contributing factor to the decline in telomere length. (ox.ac.uk)

BOTTOM LINE Telomere length decreases with age. (aginghiv.org)

Mutations affecting telomere or any component of telomerase enzyme result in disorders such as dyskeratosis congenita, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and leukemias. (healthymoneyvine.com)

During the "in vivo" reprogramming process, cellular telomeres are extended due to an increase in endogenous telomerase. (bioquicknews.com)
We have found that when you induce cell de-differentiation in an adult organism, the telomeres become longer, which is consistent with cellular rejuvenation," explains Dr. María A. Blasco, head of the CNIO Telomeres and Telomerase Group and leader of this research. (bioquicknews.com)
The role of prenatal environmental pollution exposure on neonatal telomere length and its predisposition to cellular aging is unknown. (2minutemedicine.com)
Telomeres help in maintaining the cellular health, inbuilt cellular mechanisms, metabolism and normal cell cycle. (healthymoneyvine.com)
Alterations in telomere length are indicative of cellular aging and, possibly, neurodegeneration. (cdc.gov)

HOAP is a telomere-binding protein that has a conserved role in Drosophila , but it also needs to evolve quickly to restrict telomeric retrotransposons. (elifesciences.org)

Telomeres are a protective nucleoprotein structure at each chromosome end. (cdc.gov)

We show that somatic telomere maintenance is different in asexual and sexual animals. (harvard.edu)
The adaptations we observe demonstrate indefinite somatic telomerase activity in proliferating stem cells during regeneration or reproduction by fission, and establish planarians as a pertinent model for studying telomere structure, function, and maintenance. (harvard.edu)
Early-life is a period of intense investment in somatic growth and in physiological maturation but how this is reflected in telomere length remains unclear. (elsevier.com)
Depending on environmental conditions, our data suggest links between somatic growth, physiological maturation and body maintenance parameters (positive with oxidative stress and negative with telomere length) in nestlings. (elsevier.com)

It allows one to come up with mostly reproducible and more informative numbers as to the average telomere repeat length. (medscape.com)
Telomerase inhibition as an anticancer approach The average telomere length in breast cancer cells is usually well below that of normal cells. (asiatox.org)

Patients with severe COVID-19 disease have significantly shorter telomeres, according to a study conducted by researchers at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre in collaboration with the. (news-medical.net)
For example, a recent study published in the journal Pediatrics demonstrates that children who had lost their fathers had significantly shorter telomeres. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Telomeres in mammary gland tumors were slightly shorter than in normal tissue specimens, but telomere length could not be directly compared between groups, because mean age of dogs was significantly different between groups. (avma.org)
Age was negatively correlated with telomere length in control dogs but was not significantly correlated with length in affected dogs. (avma.org)
Estimated telomere length was not significantly different with respect to any IA ( P = 0.377), IAA-first ( P = 0.248), GADA-first ( P = 0.248) or T1D ( P = 0.861). (researchsquare.com)
Results Telomeres length of T helper, T cytotoxic, natural killer and B cells increased significantly by over 20 following HBOT. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)
Telomeres shortened significantly over the 21 days between the baseline and final sample, independent of sex, mass, size and hatching order. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)

While comparisons across studies of telomere length in base pairs are commonly done, it is not highly accurate. (cdc.gov)

These results suggest that telomere length has no major impact on the risk for IA, the first step to develop T1D. (researchsquare.com)

When telomeres are altered, adult stem cells have a maimed regenerative capacity. (cnio.es)
Asexual adult planarian stem cells appear to maintain telomere length over evolutionary timescales without passage through a germ-line stage. (harvard.edu)
Upregulation of PGC-1 α in aortic smooth muscle cells can enhance the telomere function and reduce DNA damage to inhibit AS [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
As traditional methods for measuring telomere length are low throughput or unsuitable for the analysis of cell subtypes within a mixed population of primary cells, we have developed a novel sensitive flow-FISH assay using the imaging flow cytometer. (ox.ac.uk)
The current study found that prenatal environmental pollution exposure was linked to decreased telomere length measured in cord blood and placental cells. (2minutemedicine.com)
An increase of 5 μg/m3 increment in PM 2.5 exposure was associated with 8.8% (95%CI, −14.1%to −3.1%) and 13.2% (95%CI, −19.3%to −6.7%) decreased telomere length in cord blood and placental cells respectively. (2minutemedicine.com)
In most cells, telomeres become progressively shorter as the cell divides. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the TERC gene reduce or eliminate the function of telomerase, which allows telomeres to become abnormally short as cells divide. (medlineplus.gov)
The shortened telomeres likely trigger cells that divide rapidly, such as cells that line the inside of the lungs, to stop dividing or to die prematurely. (medlineplus.gov)
Cells that divide rapidly are especially vulnerable to the effects of shortened telomeres. (medlineplus.gov)
Integral to this process is telomerase, which is an enzyme that repairs telomeres and is present in various cells in the human body, especially during human growth and development. (asu.edu)
Previous studies have shown that around 85 of cancer cells upregulate the telomerase enzyme through a different mechanism to lengthen telomeres. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)
Thus, there are antigen -specific populations of T cells whose ageing fate decisions are based on telomere vesicle transfer upon initial contact with APCs. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)
This prompted us to consider whether the enzyme telomerase, responsible for adding new telomeres to chromosomal ends, may be affected by the p53 status of normal and malignant cells. (elsevier.com)
While normal, proliferating telomerase-positive stem cells may also initially be affected, their telomeres are well above the critically short length that induces a DNA damage/growth arrest mechanism. (asiatox.org)
Since most breast cancer cells have very short telomeres, treatment with telomerase inhibitors should lead to growth arrest and cell death. (asiatox.org)
We age because our telomeres get shorter and our cells age. (lisatamati.com)
Every time our cells divide, our telomeres get shorter and our cells age. (lisatamati.com)
The DNA Reprogramming recodes the original Divine eight-cell blueprint with the 5D affirmations given for each chakra, as well as capping the two strand DNA with telomere, a protein-like substance that will hold this new belief permanently within the original Divine eight-cells. (acoustichealth.com)

Asexual animals maintain telomere length somatically during reproduction by fission or when regeneration is induced by amputation, whereas sexual animals only achieve telomere elongation through sexual reproduction. (harvard.edu)

Marilyn Vine brings you telomeres information on how to lengthen them to aid in longevity. (healthymoneyvine.com)
More than 2,500 tumour genomes of 36 types of cancer were analysed and the team found DNA mutations pointing to one of the two known mechanisms to lengthen telomeres in 13 of the cases . (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)

Dysfunctional telomeres are important contributing factors in aging and tumorigenesis. (ncsu.edu)
Dysfunctional telomeres and dyskeratosis congenita. (medscape.com)
Mason PJ, Wilson DB, Bessler M. Dyskeratosis congenita -- a disease of dysfunctional telomere maintenance. (medscape.com)

2010. Rap1 in Candida albicans: an unusual structural organization and a critical function in suppressing telomere recombination. . (cornell.edu)

These findings suggest a possible correlation between epigenetic modifications, telomere length alteration, and neurodegeneration because of the presence of factors in serum after WF exposure that may cause extra-pulmonary effects as well as the translocation of potentially neurotoxic metals associated with WF to the central nervous system (CNS). (cdc.gov)

Over a cell's lifetime, telomeres get gradually shorter with each cell division and therefore the protective cap becomes less and less effective. (uni-mainz.de)
This study also shows that activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1 α )/telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) pathway, which is the new link between mitochondria and telomere, was involved in the protective effects of catalpol. (hindawi.com)
A secret, affecting telomeres--the protective tip of the human chromosome that controls cell life. (bublish.com)

PDF file related to telomere lengthening in humans, and natural product telomerase activators, written by Phillip A Micans, MS, PharmB 44-208-123-2106 iasantiaging-systems.com Menu . (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)

Telomere length can be used to indicate an individual's biological age (which is different from chronological age). (medicalnewstoday.com)

With a team of researchers from China and Saudi Arabia, Koenig studied the telomere lengths of Chinese Muslims which are key indicators of age and well-being. (thefederalist.com)

Reverse transcriptase at bacterial telomeres. (cornell.edu)

Further, by using PGC-1 α or TERT siRNA in oxLDL-treated macrophages, it is proved that catalpol reduced oxidative stress, telomere function, and related DNA damage at least partly through activating the PGC-1 α /TERT pathway. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy5

Organisms3

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes21

Information Science2

Analysis of genomic integrity and p53-dependent G1 checkpoint in telomerase-induced extended-life-span human fibroblasts. (1/4834)

A telomere-independent senescence mechanism is the sole barrier to Syrian hamster cell immortalization. (2/4834)

Telomeric repeats on small polydisperse circular DNA (spcDNA) and genomic instability. (3/4834)

p53- and ATM-dependent apoptosis induced by telomeres lacking TRF2. (4/4834)

Telomere length dynamics and chromosomal instability in cells derived from telomerase null mice. (5/4834)

Telomere loss in somatic cells of Drosophila causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (6/4834)

Telomere shortening in mTR-/- embryos is associated with failure to close the neural tube. (7/4834)

Generation and characterization of human smooth muscle cell lines derived from atherosclerotic plaque. (8/4834)

Telomere

Telomere Homeostasis

Telomerase

Telomere-Binding Proteins

Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1

Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2

Cell Aging

In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence

Dyskeratosis Congenita

Tankyrases

G-Quadruplexes

Oxytricha

Chromosomal Instability

Chromosomes, Fungal

Leukocytes

DNA-Binding Proteins

Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

DNA Damage

Genomic Instability

Mutation

Chromosomes

Aging

RNA

Euplotes

Blotting, Southern

DNA

Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

DNA, Fungal

Base Sequence

Exodeoxyribonucleases

Chromosomes, Human

Antigens, Nuclear

Chromosome Aberrations

Recombination, Genetic

Aging, Premature

DNA Replication

Molecular Sequence Data

Cell Cycle Proteins

Rad52 DNA Repair and Recombination Protein

DNA Repair

RecQ Helicases

Telomere Shortening

Cell Division

Immunologic Capping

Analysis of genomic integrity and p53-dependent G1 checkpoint in telomerase-induced extended-life-span human fibroblasts. (1/4834)

A telomere-independent senescence mechanism is the sole barrier to Syrian hamster cell immortalization. (2/4834)

Telomeric repeats on small polydisperse circular DNA (spcDNA) and genomic instability. (3/4834)

p53- and ATM-dependent apoptosis induced by telomeres lacking TRF2. (4/4834)

Telomere length dynamics and chromosomal instability in cells derived from telomerase null mice. (5/4834)

Telomere loss in somatic cells of Drosophila causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (6/4834)

Telomere shortening in mTR-/- embryos is associated with failure to close the neural tube. (7/4834)

Generation and characterization of human smooth muscle cell lines derived from atherosclerotic plaque. (8/4834)

Types, stability, and phenotypic consequences of chromosome rearrangements leading to interstitial telomeric sequences. |...

Prostate Cancer Cell Telomere Length Variability and Stromal Cell Telomere Length as Prognostic Markers for Metastasis and...

S. Mirkin - Mechanisms of genome instability mediated by interstitial telomeric sequences - At the Intersection of DNA...

Healing of Euchromatic Chromosome Breaks by Efficient de novo Telomere Addition in Drosophila melanogaster | Genetics

Analysis of telomere length and function in radiosensitive mouse and human cells in response to DNA-PKcs inhibition | Genome...

Longer leukocyte telomere length is associated with smaller hippocampal volume among non-demented APOE ε3/ε3 subjects

Brunel University Research Archive: Telomere elongation in the breast cancer cell line 21NT after treatment with an epigenetic...

A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Locus on Chromosome 14q21 as a Predictor of Leukocyte Telomere Length and as a...

Leicester Research Archive: Investigation of epigenetic alterations related to telomere maintenance in human cells

Positive and negative regulation of telomerase access to the telomere | Journal of Cell Science

Cdc13p: A Single-Strand Telomeric DNA-Binding Protein with a Dual Role in Yeast Telomere Maintenance | Science

Aging | Cell cycle-dependent and -independent telomere shortening accompanies murine brain aging - Figure

Aging | Cell cycle-dependent and -independent telomere shortening accompanies murine brain aging - Figure

Computel: computation of mean telomere length from whole-genome next-generation sequencing data.

Telomerase update -arguments for and against using telomere extender supplements - AGINGSCIENCES™ - Anti-Aging Firewalls™

Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and newborn telomere length | BMC Medicine | Full Text

The paradox of longer sperm telomeres in older mens testes: a birth-cohort effect caused by transgenerational telomere erosion...

Telomere Shortening Accompanies Increased Cell Cycle Activity during Serial Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells |...

G-quadruplex ligand SYUIQ-5 induces autophagy by telomere damage and TRF2 delocalization in cancer cells | Molecular Cancer...

Papel de los Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) en la biología del telómero y en pluripotencia mediado por la proteína...

Recombination at mammalian telomeres: an alternative mechanism for telomere protection and elongation. - Department of Oncology

Genes | Free Full-Text | Solving the Telomere Replication Problem

Do Telomeres Adapt to Physiological Stress? Exploring the Effect of Exercise on Telomere Length and Telomere-Related Proteins |...

Telomerase reverse transcriptase-dependent telomere equilibration mitigates tissue dysfunction in mTert heterozygotes | Disease...

December, 2015 | gaba-receptor.com

Telomeric Repeat-Containing RNA (TERRA) and Telomerase Are Components of Telomeres During Mammalian Gametogenesis. | IRIS UNIPV