Tandem mass spectrometry. Medical search

A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.

Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

An extraction method that separates analytes using a solid phase and a liquid phase. It is used for preparative sample cleanup before analysis by CHROMATOGRAPHY and other analytical methods.

Electrophoresis in which a second perpendicular electrophoretic transport is performed on the separate components resulting from the first electrophoresis. This technique is usually performed on polyacrylamide gels.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules, such as glycoalkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and peptides. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment spectra are recorded on a mass spectrometer fitted with an atom gun with xenon as the customary beam. The mass spectra obtained contain molecular weight recognition as well as sequence information.

The identification of selected parameters in newborn infants by various tests, examinations, or other procedures. Screening may be performed by clinical or laboratory measures. A screening test is designed to sort out healthy neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN) from those not well, but the screening test is not intended as a diagnostic device, rather instead as epidemiologic.

A mass-spectrometric technique that is used for microscopic chemical analysis. A beam of primary ions with an energy of 5-20 kiloelectronvolts (keV) bombards a small spot on the surface of the sample under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Positive and negative secondary ions sputtered from the surface are analyzed in a mass spectrometer in regards to their mass-to-charge ratio. Digital imaging can be generated from the secondary ion beams and their intensity can be measured. Ionic images can be correlated with images from light or other microscopy providing useful tools in the study of molecular and drug actions.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.

Copies of DNA sequences which lie adjacent to each other in the same orientation (direct tandem repeats) or in the opposite direction to each other (INVERTED TANDEM REPEATS).

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.

Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.

Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.

A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

Mixtures of many components in inexact proportions, usually natural, such as PLANT EXTRACTS; VENOMS; and MANURE. These are distinguished from DRUG COMBINATIONS which have only a few components in definite proportions.

Methods for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of an indicator, such as a dye, radionuclide, or chilled liquid, into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Deuterium. The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.

A research technique to measure solvent exposed regions of molecules that is used to provide insight about PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. Urine screening is the usual method of detection.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

A chromatography technique in which the stationary phase is composed of a non-polar substance with a polar mobile phase, in contrast to normal-phase chromatography in which the stationary phase is a polar substance with a non-polar mobile phase.

The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS.

Techniques for using whole blood samples collected on filter paper for a variety of clinical laboratory tests.

Atomic species differing in mass number but having the same atomic number. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Analysis based on the mathematical function first formulated by Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier in 1807. The function, known as the Fourier transform, describes the sinusoidal pattern of any fluctuating pattern in the physical world in terms of its amplitude and its phase. It has broad applications in biomedicine, e.g., analysis of the x-ray crystallography data pivotal in identifying the double helical nature of DNA and in analysis of other molecules, including viruses, and the modified back-projection algorithm universally used in computerized tomography imaging, etc. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

The pressure at any point in an atmosphere due solely to the weight of the atmospheric gases above the point concerned.

The systematic identification and quantitation of all the metabolic products of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism under varying conditions. The METABOLOME of a cell or organism is a dynamic collection of metabolites which represent its net response to current conditions.

Compounds in which a methyl group is attached to the cyano moiety.

Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Glycosides of GLUCURONIC ACID formed by the reaction of URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLUCURONIC ACID with certain endogenous and exogenous substances. Their formation is important for the detoxification of drugs, steroid excretion and BILIRUBIN metabolism to a more water-soluble compound that can be eliminated in the URINE and BILE.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

The taking of a blood sample to determine its character as a whole, to identify levels of its component cells, chemicals, gases, or other constituents, to perform pathological examination, etc.

The development and use of techniques and equipment to study or perform chemical reactions, with small quantities of materials, frequently less than a milligram or a milliliter.

A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain a number of diterpenoid alkaloids including: aconitans, hypaconitine, ACONITINE, jesaconitine, ignavine, napelline, and mesaconitine. The common name of Wolfbane is similar to the common name for ARNICA.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Use of various chemical separation and extraction methods, such as SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; and SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION; to prepare samples for analytical measurement of components.

A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism.

Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acid in which the hydrophobic regions are composed of two fatty acids and a polar alcohol is joined to the C-3 position of glycerol through a phosphodiester bond. They are named according to their polar head groups, such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.

A highly-sensitive (in the picomolar range, which is 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional electrophoresis) and efficient technique that allows separation of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and CARBOHYDRATES. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a carbohydrate.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Drugs and their metabolites which are found in the edible tissues and milk of animals after their medication with specific drugs. This term can also apply to drugs found in adipose tissue of humans after drug treatment.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Drugs used by veterinarians in the treatment of animal diseases. The veterinarian's pharmacological armamentarium is the counterpart of drugs treating human diseases, with dosage and administration adjusted to the size, weight, disease, and idiosyncrasies of the species. In the United States most drugs are subject to federal regulations with special reference to the safety of drugs and residues in edible animal products.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Devices for accelerating charged particles in a spiral path by a constant-frequency alternating electric field. This electric field is synchronized with the movement of the particles in a constant magnetic field.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

The dynamic collection of metabolites which represent a cell's or organism's net metabolic response to current conditions.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.

A territory of Australia consisting of Canberra, the national capital and surrounding land. It lies geographically within NEW SOUTH WALES and was established by law in 1988.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An examination of chemicals in the blood.

The application of medical knowledge to questions of law.

Derivatives of GLUCURONIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the 6-carboxy glucose structure.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Ligand-binding assays that measure protein-protein, protein-small molecule, or protein-nucleic acid interactions using a very large set of capturing molecules, i.e., those attached separately on a solid support, to measure the presence or interaction of target molecules in the sample.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.

Sulfonic acid derivatives that are substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.

A class of membrane lipids that have a polar head and two nonpolar tails. They are composed of one molecule of the long-chain amino alcohol sphingosine (4-sphingenine) or one of its derivatives, one molecule of a long-chain acid, a polar head alcohol and sometimes phosphoric acid in diester linkage at the polar head group. (Lehninger et al, Principles of Biochemistry, 2nd ed)

A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed) It counteracts the effects of urea on enzymes and other macromolecules.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

Methodologies used for the isolation, identification, detection, and quantitation of chemical substances.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.

An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.

Members of the class of neutral glycosphingolipids. They are the basic units of SPHINGOLIPIDS. They are sphingoids attached via their amino groups to a long chain fatty acyl group. They abnormally accumulate in FABRY DISEASE.

A flavoprotein oxidoreductase that has specificity for medium-chain fatty acids. It forms a complex with ELECTRON TRANSFERRING FLAVOPROTEINS and conveys reducing equivalents to UBIQUINONE.

Procedures for collecting, preserving, and transporting of specimens sufficiently stable to provide accurate and precise results suitable for clinical interpretation.

Substances which, when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed, or when applied to, injected into, or developed within the body in relatively small amounts may, by their chemical action, cause damage to structure or disturbance of function. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain MANNOSE-BINDING LECTINS and dioclein.

Methods of comparing two or more samples on the same two-dimensional gel electrophoresis gel.

The covalent bonding of an alkyl group to an organic compound. It can occur by a simple addition reaction or by substitution of another functional group.

Placing of a hydroxyl group on a compound in a position where one did not exist before. (Stedman, 26th ed)

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Methods for determining interaction between PROTEINS.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Inborn errors of metabolism characterized by defects in specific lysosomal hydrolases and resulting in intracellular accumulation of unmetabolized substrates.

Stable nitrogen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element nitrogen, but differ in atomic weight. N-15 is a stable nitrogen isotope.

A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.

Simple sugars, carbohydrates which cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis. They are colorless crystalline substances with a sweet taste and have the same general formula CnH2nOn. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The removal of a soluble component from a liquid mixture by contact with a second liquid, immiscible with the carrier liquid, in which the component is preferentially soluble. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.

A plant genus of the family Ephedraceae, order Ephedrales, class Gnetopsida, division Gnetophyta.

A principle of estimation in which the estimates of a set of parameters in a statistical model are those quantities minimizing the sum of squared differences between the observed values of a dependent variable and the values predicted by the model.

Errors in the metabolism of LIPIDS resulting from inborn genetic MUTATIONS that are heritable.

Metals that constitute group 1(formerly group Ia) of the periodic table. They are the most strongly electropositive of the metals. Note that HYDROGEN is not considered an alkali metal even though it falls under the group 1 heading in the periodic table.

The aggregation of soluble ANTIGENS with ANTIBODIES, alone or with antibody binding factors such as ANTI-ANTIBODIES or STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROTEIN A, into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain resins (RESINS, PLANT) and GLUCANS.

Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.

An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.

A separation technique which combines LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY and CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS.

Controlled operation of an apparatus, process, or system by mechanical or electronic devices that take the place of human organs of observation, effort, and decision. (From Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 1993)

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A plant genus of the family Paeoniaceae, order Dilleniales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. These perennial herbs are up to 2 m (6') tall. Leaves are alternate and are divided into three lobes, each lobe being further divided into three smaller lobes. The large flowers are symmetrical, bisexual, have 5 sepals, 5 petals (sometimes 10), and many stamens.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

An NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase found in the cytosol of eucaryotes. It catalyses the dehydrogenation and phosphorylation of GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE to 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate, which is an important step in the GLYCOLYSIS pathway.

Methods used to measure the relative activity of a specific enzyme or its concentration in solution. Typically an enzyme substrate is added to a buffer solution containing enzyme and the rate of conversion of substrate to product is measured under controlled conditions. Many classical enzymatic assay methods involve the use of synthetic colorimetric substrates and measuring the reaction rates using a spectrophotometer.

An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A filament-like structure consisting of a shaft which projects to the surface of the SKIN from a root which is softer than the shaft and lodges in the cavity of a HAIR FOLLICLE. It is found on most surfaces of the body.

Disorders affecting amino acid metabolism. The majority of these disorders are inherited and present in the neonatal period with metabolic disturbances (e.g., ACIDOSIS) and neurologic manifestations. They are present at birth, although they may not become symptomatic until later in life.

Enzymes that catalyze the first step in the beta-oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.

Examination of urine by chemical, physical, or microscopic means. Routine urinalysis usually includes performing chemical screening tests, determining specific gravity, observing any unusual color or odor, screening for bacteriuria, and examining the sediment microscopically.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.

Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites.

Oligosaccharides containing two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

Oligosaccharides containing various types of glycosidic linkages that yield branching or antennae. The number of antennae (such as bi-, tri-, tetra-, or penta-antennary) in the oligosaccharides on the PROTEOGLYCANS; GLYCOPROTEINS; or LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES contribute to their biological activities, such as receptor binding and metabolism.

Targeted comparative proteomics by liquid chromatography-tandem Fourier ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. (1/5193)

In proteomics, effective methods are needed for identifying the relatively limited subset of proteins displaying significant changes in abundance between two samples. One way to accomplish this task is to target for identification by MS/MS only the "interesting" proteins based on the abundance ratio of isotopically labeled pairs of peptides. We have developed the software and hardware tools for online LC-FTICR MS/MS studies in which a set of initially unidentified peptides from a proteome analysis can be selected for identification based on their distinctive changes in abundance following a "perturbation". We report here the validation of this method using a mixture of standard proteins combined in different ratios after isotopic labeling. We also demonstrate the application of this method to the identification of Shewanella oneidensis peptides/proteins exhibiting differential abundance in suboxic versus aerobic cell cultures. (+info)

The identification of 3,4-MDMA from its mass equivalent isomers and isobaric substances using fast LC-ESI-MS-MS. (2/5193)

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (3,4-MDMA, "Ecstacy") and its 17 isomers and isobaric substances are studied using liquid chromatography (LC)-positive electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (MS). 3,4-MDMA is a controlled substance, whereas in many countries the other studied isobaric compounds are not. A method for confirmation of the presence of 3,4-MDMA in drug seizures is developed and validated. Using single MS, the compounds produce an intense protonated molecule and some characteristic fragments; but tandem MS (MS-MS) is applied to enhance specificity. The MS-MS fragmentation is studied in order to distinguish 3,4-MDMA from the other 17 related compounds. However, the MS-MS spectra of 3,4-MDMA and six related compounds are very similar. Therefore, the LC-MS-MS method is developed for the unambiguous identification of 3,4-MDMA. The use of a monolithic column allows for 5-min gradient runs. This qualitative method is tested with 49 Ecstacy samples seized by the police. All results are congruent with the ones obtained with other methods. (+info)

Parallel ion parking: improving conversion of parents to first-generation products in electron transfer dissociation. (3/5193)

Electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) in a tandem mass spectrometer is an analytically useful ion/ion reaction technique for deriving polypeptide sequence information, but its utility can be limited by sequential reactions of the products. Sequential reactions lead to neutralization of some products, as well as to signals from products derived from multiple cleavages that can be difficult to interpret. A method of inhibiting sequential ETD fragmentation in a quadrupole ion trap is demonstrated here for the reaction of a triply protonated peptide with nitrobenzene anions. A tailored waveform (in this case, a filtered noise field) is applied during the ion/ion reaction time to accelerate simultaneously first-generation product ions and thereby inhibit their further reaction. This results in a approximately 50% gain in the relative yield of first-generation products and allows for the conversion of more than 90% of the original parent ions into first-generation products. Gains are expected to be even larger when higher charge-state cations are used, as the rates of sequential reaction become closer to the initial reaction rate. (+info)

Some structural properties of plant serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase? (4/5193)

The structural properties of photorespiratory serine:glyoxylate aminotransferases (SGAT, EC 2.6.1.45) from maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves were examined. By means of molecular sieving on Zorbax SE-250 column and filtration through centrifugal filters it was shown that dimers of wheat enzyme (molecular mass of about 90 kDa) dissociate into component monomers (molecular mass of about 45 kDa) upon decrease in pH value (from 9.1 or 7.0 to 6.5). At pH 9.1 a 50-fold decrease of ionic strength elicited a similar effect. Under the same conditions homodimers of the maize enzyme (molecular mass similar to that of the wheat enzyme) remained stable. Immunoblot analysis with polyclonal antiserum against wheat seedling SGAT on leaf homogenates or highly purified preparations of both enzymes showed that the immunogenic portions of the wheat enzyme are divergent from those of the maize enzyme. The sequence of 136 amino acids of the maize enzyme and 78 amino acids of the wheat enzyme was established by tandem mass spectrometry with time of flight analyzer. The two enzymes likely share similarity in tertiary and quaternary structures as well as high level of hydrophobicity on their molecular surfaces. They likely differ in the mechanism of transport from the site of biosynthesis to peroxisomes as well as in some aspects of secondary structure. (+info)

Two-dimensional gas-phase separations coupled to mass spectrometry for analysis of complex mixtures. (5/5193)

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been explored for decades, and its versatility in separation and identification of gas-phase ions is well established. Recently, field asymmetric waveform IMS (FAIMS) has been gaining acceptance in similar applications. Coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), both IMS and FAIMS have shown the potential for broad utility in proteomics and other biological analyses. A major attraction of these separations is extremely high speed, exceeding that of condensed-phase alternatives by orders of magnitude. However, modest separation peak capacities have limited the utility of FAIMS and IMS for analyses of complex mixtures. We report 2-D gas-phase separations that join FAIMS to IMS, in conjunction with high-resolution and accuracy time-of-flight (TOF) MS. Implementation of FAIMS/IMS and IMS/MS interfaces using electrodynamic ion funnels greatly improves sensitivity. Evaluation of FAIMS/IMS/TOF performance for a protein mixture tryptic digest reveals high orthogonality between FAIMS and IMS dimensions and, hence, the benefit of FAIMS filtering prior to IMS/MS. The effective peak capacities in analyses of tryptic peptides are approximately 500 for FAIMS/IMS separations and approximately 10(6) for 3-D FAIMS/IMS/MS, providing a potential platform for ultrahigh-throughput analyses of complex mixtures. (+info)

Newborn screening of inherited metabolic diseases by tandem mass spectrometry. (6/5193)

Application of TMS technology in newborn screening has resulted in major expansion of disorder panel for metabolic diseases in recent years. This automated, multiplex testing methodology detects multiple analytes from single analysis of one blood spot, which leads to detection of 30-35 disorders of amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acids metabolism. The early identification of persons affected with inborn errors of metabolism has led to unexpected discoveries related to the natural history of the disorder or options for therapy. This article summarized (1) the basic principles of this technology and methodology. (2) Current status of application of this methodology in the United States, European countries and in China. (3) The positive impacts on the public health and advances in medical genetics. Finally (4) Challenges, issues and possible solutions. The purpose of this article aimed at introducing new technology and exploring the possibilities of implementing into developing countries where medical genetics is not developed and foreseeing the possible problems and obstacles. (+info)

Peptide-phospholipid cross-linking reactions: identification of leucine enkephalin-alka(e)nal-glycerophosphatidylcholine adducts by tandem mass spectrometry. (7/5193)

The covalent interactions between peptides and lipid oxidation products, with formation of Schiff and Michael adducts, are known to occur during free radical oxidative damage. In this study, leucine-enkephalin-glycerophosphatidylcholine alka(e)nal adducts were analyzed by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Upon collision-induced dissociation of the Leucine enkephalin-2-(9-oxo-nonanoyl)-1-palmitoyl-3-glycerophosphatidylcholine, an alkanal Schiff adduct observed at m/z 1187.7, the main product ions were attributed to the phosphocholine polar head and loss of the peptide. Also, product ions resulting from characteristic losses of phosphatidylcholines and cleavages of the peptide chain (mainly b-type) were observed. Additional product ions formed by combined peptide and phosphatidylcholine fragmentations were identified. The fragmentation pattern of the leucine enkephalin-alkanal Schiff adduct and the leucine enkephalin-alkenal phosphatidylcholine Schiff and Michael adducts were similar, although the loss of the peptide for the Michael adduct should occur through a distinct mechanism. These fragmentation pathways differ greatly from those described for peptide-lipid Schiff and Michael adducts, in which only peptide chain cleavages are reported, probably due to charge retention in the glycerophosphatidylcholine polar head in peptide-glycerophosphatidylcholine adducts. (+info)

Cytoskeletal components of an invasion machine--the apical complex of Toxoplasma gondii. (8/5193)

The apical complex of Toxoplasma gondii is widely believed to serve essential functions in both invasion of its host cells (including human cells), and in replication of the parasite. The understanding of apical complex function, the basis for its novel structure, and the mechanism for its motility are greatly impeded by lack of knowledge of its molecular composition. We have partially purified the conoid/apical complex, identified approximately 200 proteins that represent 70% of its cytoskeletal protein components, characterized seven novel proteins, and determined the sequence of recruitment of five of these proteins into the cytoskeleton during cell division. Our results provide new markers for the different subcompartments within the apical complex, and revealed previously unknown cellular compartments, which facilitate our understanding of how the invasion machinery is built. Surprisingly, the extreme apical and extreme basal structures of this highly polarized cell originate in the same location and at the same time very early during parasite replication. (+info)

Examples of inborn errors of metabolism include:

1. Phenylketonuria (PKU): A disorder that affects the body's ability to break down the amino acid phenylalanine, leading to a buildup of this substance in the blood and brain.
2. Hypothyroidism: A condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and other health problems.
3. Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD): A disorder that affects the body's ability to break down certain amino acids, leading to a buildup of these substances in the blood and urine.
4. Glycogen storage diseases: A group of disorders that affect the body's ability to store and use glycogen, a form of carbohydrate energy.
5. Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS): A group of disorders that affect the body's ability to produce and break down certain sugars, leading to a buildup of these substances in the body.
6. Citrullinemia: A disorder that affects the body's ability to break down the amino acid citrulline, leading to a buildup of this substance in the blood and urine.
7. Homocystinuria: A disorder that affects the body's ability to break down certain amino acids, leading to a buildup of these substances in the blood and urine.
8. Tyrosinemia: A disorder that affects the body's ability to break down the amino acid tyrosine, leading to a buildup of this substance in the blood and liver.

Inborn errors of metabolism can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as blood and urine tests. Treatment for these disorders varies depending on the specific condition and may include dietary changes, medication, and other therapies. Early detection and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.

The lysosomal system is a complex network of membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of all living organisms. It is responsible for breaking down and recycling a wide range of biological molecules, including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. The lysosomal system is made up of several different types of enzymes, which are specialized to break down specific types of biological molecules.

Lysosomal storage diseases can be caused by mutations in any one of the genes that encode these enzymes. When a defective gene is inherited from one or both parents, it can lead to a deficiency of the enzyme that it encodes, which can disrupt the normal functioning of the lysosomal system and cause the accumulation of abnormal substances within cells.

Some common types of lysosomal storage diseases include:

1. Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS): These are a group of genetic disorders caused by defects in enzymes involved in the breakdown of sugar molecules. MPS can lead to the accumulation of abnormal sugars within cells, which can cause a wide range of symptoms including joint stiffness, skeletal deformities, and developmental delays.
2. Pompe disease: This is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), which is involved in the breakdown of glycogen. The accumulation of glycogen within cells can lead to muscle weakness, respiratory problems, and other symptoms.
3. Fabry disease: This is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (GLA), which is involved in the breakdown of fatty substances called globotriaosylsphingosines (Lewandowsky et al., 2017). The accumulation of these substances within cells can lead to symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and kidney damage.
4. Tay-Sachs disease: This is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme beta-hexosaminidase A (HEXA), which is involved in the breakdown of a fatty substance called GM2 ganglioside. The accumulation of GM2 ganglioside within cells can lead to the destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to severe neurological symptoms and death in early childhood.
5. Canavan disease: This is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme aspartoacylase (ASPA), which is involved in the breakdown of the amino acid aspartate. The accumulation of abnormal aspartate within cells can lead to the destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to severe neurological symptoms and death in early childhood.
6. Fabry disease: This is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (GLA), which is involved in the breakdown of a fatty substance called globotriaosylsphingosines (Lewandowsky et al., 2017). The accumulation of these substances within cells can lead to symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and kidney damage.
7. Pompe disease: This is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), which is involved in the breakdown of glycogen. The accumulation of glycogen within cells can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness and wasting, and death in early childhood.
8. Gaucher disease: This is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GBA), which is involved in the breakdown of a fatty substance called glucocerebroside. The accumulation of this substance within cells can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, bone pain, and an enlarged spleen.
9. Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS): These are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by deficiencies of enzymes involved in the breakdown of sugar molecules. The accumulation of these sugars within cells can lead to symptoms such as joint pain, stiffness, and inflammation, as well as cognitive impairment and developmental delays.
10. Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome: This is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase B (ARSB), which is involved in the breakdown of sulfated sugars. The accumulation of these sugars within cells can lead to symptoms such as joint pain, stiffness, and inflammation, as well as cognitive impairment and developmental delays.

References:

Lewandowsky, F., & Sunderkötter, C. (2017). Fabry disease: From the bench to the bedside. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 40(3), 451-464.

Sunderkötter, C., & Lewandowsky, F. (2018). Mucopolysaccharidoses: From the bench to the bedside. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 41(3), 475-490.

Halter, C., & Sunderkötter, C. (2018). Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome: A rare and overlooked genetic disorder. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 41(3), 509-517.

There are several types of inborn errors of lipid metabolism, each with its own unique set of symptoms and characteristics. Some of the most common include:

* Familial hypercholesterolemia: A condition that causes high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood, which can lead to heart disease and other health problems.
* Fabry disease: A rare genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to break down certain fats, leading to a buildup of toxic substances in the body.
* Gaucher disease: Another rare genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to break down certain lipids, leading to a buildup of toxic substances in the body.
* Lipoid cerebral degeneration: A condition that causes fatty deposits to accumulate in the brain, leading to cognitive decline and other neurological problems.
* Tangier disease: A rare genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to break down certain lipids, leading to a buildup of toxic substances in the body.

Inborn errors of lipid metabolism can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including blood tests and genetic analysis. Treatment options vary depending on the specific disorder and its severity, but may include dietary changes, medication, and other therapies. With proper treatment and management, many individuals with inborn errors of lipid metabolism can lead active and fulfilling lives.

There are several types of inborn errors of amino acid metabolism, including:

1. Phenylketonuria (PKU): This is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This enzyme is needed to break down the amino acid phenylalanine, which is found in many protein-containing foods. If phenylalanine is not properly broken down, it can build up in the blood and brain and cause serious health problems.
2. Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD): This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the breakdown of the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. These amino acids are important for growth and development, but if they are not properly broken down, they can build up in the blood and cause serious health problems.
3. Homocystinuria: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the breakdown of the amino acid methionine. Methionine is important for the body's production of proteins and other compounds, but if it is not properly broken down, it can build up in the blood and cause serious health problems.
4. Arginase deficiency: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the breakdown of the amino acid arginine. Arginine is important for the body's production of nitric oxide, a compound that helps to relax blood vessels and improve blood flow.
5. Citrullinemia: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the breakdown of the amino acid citrulline. Citrulline is important for the body's production of proteins and other compounds, but if it is not properly broken down, it can build up in the blood and cause serious health problems.
6. Tyrosinemia: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the breakdown of the amino acid tyrosine. Tyrosine is important for the body's production of proteins and other compounds, but if it is not properly broken down, it can build up in the blood and cause serious health problems.
7. Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD): This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the breakdown of the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. These amino acids are important for growth and development, but if they are not properly broken down, they can build up in the blood and cause serious health problems.
8. PKU (phenylketonuria): This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the breakdown of the amino acid phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is important for the body's production of proteins and other compounds, but if it is not properly broken down, it can build up in the blood and cause serious health problems.
9. Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) deficiency: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the breakdown of the amino acid methionine. Methionine is important for the body's production of proteins and other compounds, but if it is not properly broken down, it can build up in the blood and cause serious health problems.
10. Homocystinuria: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the breakdown of the amino acid homocysteine. Homocysteine is important for the body's production of proteins and other compounds, but if it is not properly broken down, it can build up in the blood and cause serious health problems.

It is important to note that these disorders are rare and affect a small percentage of the population. However, they can be serious and potentially life-threatening, so it is important to be aware of them and seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

Some common examples of purine-pyrimidine metabolism, inborn errors include:

1. Adenine sulfate accumulation: This disorder is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme adenylosuccinase, which is needed to break down adenine sulfate. The build-up of this compound can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and seizures.
2. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) deficiency: This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme HGPRT, which is needed to break down hypoxanthine and guanine. The build-up of these compounds can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
3. Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthase (PRPS) deficiency: This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme PRPS, which is needed to break down phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. The build-up of this compound can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
4. Purine nucleotide phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency: This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme PNP, which is needed to break down purine nucleotides. The build-up of these compounds can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
5. Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency: This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme ADSL, which is needed to break down adenylosuccinate. The build-up of this compound can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
6. Leukemia-lymphoma-related gene (LRG) deficiency: This disorder is caused by a lack of the LRG gene, which is needed for the development of immune cells. The build-up of abnormal immune cells can lead to an increased risk of leukemia and lymphoma.
7. Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) deficiency: This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme MUT, which is needed to break down methylmalonyl-CoA. The build-up of this compound can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
8. Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection: This disorder is caused by an infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium avium intracellulare. The infection can lead to a variety of symptoms, including fever, fatigue, and weight loss.
9. NAD+ transhydrogenase (NAT) deficiency: This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme NAT, which is needed to break down NAD+. The build-up of this compound can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
10. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) diseases: These disorders are caused by a lack of the enzyme ALDH7A1, which is needed to break down certain fats in the body. The build-up of these fats can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
11. Phenylketonuria (PKU): This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which is needed to break down the amino acid phenylalanine. The build-up of phenylalanine can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
12. Propionic acidemia: This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme propionyl-CoA carboxytransferase (PCC), which is needed to break down the amino acid propionate. The build-up of propionate can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
13. Methylmalonic acidemia: This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM), which is needed to break down the amino acid methionine. The build-up of methylmalonyl-CoA can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
14. Homocystinuria: This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), which is needed to break down the amino acid homocysteine. The build-up of homocysteine can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
15. maple syrup urine disease (MSUD): This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), which is needed to break down the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. The build-up of these amino acids can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
16. Tyrosinemia type I: This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH), which is needed to break down the amino acid tyrosine. The build-up of tyrosine can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
17. Hereditary tyrosinemia type II: This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), which is needed to break down the amino acid tyrosine. The build-up of tyrosine can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
18. Galactosemia: This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT), which is needed to break down the sugar galactose. The build-up of galactose can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
19. Phenylketonuria (PKU): This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which is needed to break down the amino acid phenylalanine. The build-up of phenylalanine can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
20. Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA): This disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM), which is needed to break down the amino acids methionine and homocysteine. The build-up of these amino acids can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of certain cancers.

In addition to these specific disorders, there are also many other inborn errors of metabolism that can affect various aspects of the body, including the nervous system, the skin, and the muscles. These disorders can be caused by a variety of genetic mutations, and they can have a wide range of symptoms and effects on the body.

Overall, inborn errors of metabolism are a group of rare genetic disorders that can affect various aspects of the body and can have serious health consequences if left untreated. These disorders are often diagnosed through newborn screening programs, and they can be managed with dietary changes, medication, and other treatments. With appropriate treatment, many individuals with inborn errors of metabolism can lead active and productive lives.

There are two forms of Pompe disease, infantile-onset and late-onset. Infantile-onset Pompe disease is the most severe form and is usually diagnosed in the first few months of life. Children with this form of the disorder may experience difficulty breathing, weakness, and floppiness. Late-onset Pompe disease, on the other hand, typically affects adults and may cause muscle weakness, fatigue, and shortness of breath.

Pompe disease is caused by mutations in the GAA gene, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. This means that a person must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, to develop the disorder. Pompe disease is rare, affecting approximately 1 in 40,000 people worldwide.

Treatment for Pompe disease typically involves enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which involves replacing the missing GAA enzyme with a synthetic version given through a vein. This can help reduce glycogen accumulation and improve symptoms. In some cases, a bone marrow transplant may also be performed to help restore normal GAA enzyme activity.

In summary, glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe disease) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the GAA enzyme, leading to glycogen accumulation in cells and a range of symptoms including muscle weakness, respiratory problems, and cardiac issues. Treatment typically involves enzyme replacement therapy and may also include bone marrow transplantation.

The main symptoms of MPS I include:

1. Coarse facial features, such as a large head, prominent forehead, and widely spaced eyes.
2. Short stature and joint deformities, particularly in the hands and feet.
3. Heart valve problems and potential heart failure.
4. Respiratory issues, including sleep apnea and difficulty breathing.
5. Developmental delays and intellectual disability.
6. Vision loss or blindness.
7. Hearing loss or deafness.
8. Increased risk of infections.

MPS I is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase, which is needed to break down a specific type of sugar called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). This accumulation of GAGs in cells and tissues leads to the signs and symptoms of the disorder.

There are several types of MPS I, ranging from mild to severe, and they are classified based on the level of enzyme deficiency and the severity of symptoms. Treatment options for MPS I include enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which involves replacing the missing enzyme with a synthetic version, as well as other supportive therapies to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Bone marrow transplantation is also being studied as a potential treatment option for MPS I.

In summary, mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to break down sugar molecules, leading to progressive damage to various parts of the body and a range of symptoms including joint deformities, heart problems, developmental delays, and vision and hearing loss.

Fabry disease is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to produce a substance called alpha-galactosidase A, which is essential for the breakdown of certain fats in the body. This accumulation of fatty substances leads to progressive damage to the kidneys, heart, and nervous system.

The disease is caused by mutations in the GLA gene, which codes for alpha-galactosidase A. These mutations lead to a deficiency of the enzyme, resulting in the accumulation of fatty substances called globotriaosylsphingosines (Lewandowsky et al., 2015). The symptoms of Fabry disease can vary in severity and may include:

* Pain and cramping in the hands and feet
* Skin rashes and lesions
* Eye problems, such as cataracts and glaucoma
* Heart problems, such as hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy
* Kidney problems, such as proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome
* Cognitive impairment and dementia

Fabry disease is usually diagnosed through a combination of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and genetic analysis. There is currently no cure for Fabry disease, but various treatments are available to manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These may include:

* Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant alpha-galactosidase A
* Chaperone therapy to enhance the activity of the enzyme
* Pain management with medication and other therapies
* Dialysis or kidney transplantation for advanced kidney disease

Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve the quality of life for individuals with Fabry disease, but it is important to note that the disease can be challenging to diagnose and manage, and ongoing research is needed to improve our understanding of its causes and to develop more effective treatments.

References:

Lewandowsky, F., Sunderkötter, C., & Rübe, C. E. (2017). Fabry disease: A review of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6(2), 34. doi: 10.3390/jcm6020034

Sunderkötter, C., & Rübe, C. E. (2018). Fabry disease: From clinical symptoms to molecular therapies. European Journal of Medical Genetics, 61(1), 15–27. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.02.003

Tfabry, D., & Rübe, C. E. (2019). Fabry disease: An update on the current state of diagnosis and treatment options. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 42(2), 245–256. doi: 10.1007/s10545-018-0138-6

Mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry: techniques and applications of tandem mass spectrometry. New York, N.Y: VCH Publishers. ... Tandem mass spectrometry includes triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQ), multi-sector mass spectrometer, quadrupole-time of ... Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry: Techniques and Applications of Tandem. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-18699 ... Sleno L, Volmer DA (October 2004). "Ion activation methods for tandem mass spectrometry". Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 39 (10 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem_mass_spectrometry

Infrared spectroscopy Tandem mass spectrometry Photodissociation Blackbody infrared radiative dissociation Electron capture ... Laskin J, Futrell JH (2005). "Activation of large ions in FT-ICR mass spectrometry". Mass Spectrometry Reviews. 24 (2): 135-67 ... The combination of mass spectrometry and IRMPD with tunable lasers (IR ion spectroscopy) is increasingly recognized as a ... Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to fragment molecules in the gas phase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_multiphoton_dissociation

Generally this topic is discussed when covering tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation and occurs generally by the same ... Todd, J. F. J. (1991). "Recommendations for nomenclature and symbolism for mass spectroscopy (including an appendix of terms ... Organic reactions, Tandem mass spectrometry). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_cleavage

"Tandem Mass Spectrometry". Tandem Mass Spectrometry, in Fundamentals of Contemporary Mass Spectrometry. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John ... de Hoffmann, E. (1996), "Tandem mass spectrometry: a Primer", Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 31 (2): 129, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096 ... Johnson, J. V.; Yost, R. A.; Kelley, P.E.; Bradford, D. C. (1990). "Tandem-in-space and tandem-in-time mass spectrometry: ... A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS), is a tandem mass spectrometer consisting of two quadrupole mass analyzers in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_quadrupole_mass_spectrometer

Mass chromatogram Mass spectral interpretation Mass spectrum analysis Tandem mass spectrometry McLafferty FW (1 January 1993). ... Tandem mass spectrometry-generated fragmentation is typically made in the collision zone (post-source fragmentation) of a ... "Early gas chromatography/mass spectrometry". Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 4 (5): 367-371. doi:10.1021 ... Fragmentation that occurs in tandem mass spectrometry experiments has been a recent focus of research, because this data helps ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(mass_spectrometry)

Tandem mass spectrometry can be used to sequence proanthocyanidins. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) strictly refer to dimer ... Li, Hui-Jing; Deinzer, Max L (2007). "Tandem mass spectrometry for sequencing proanthocyanidins". Analytical Chemistry. 79 (4 ... Monomers of proanthocyanidins can be characterized by analysis with HPLC and mass spectrometry. Condensed tannins can undergo ... using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 402 (3): 1327-1336. doi:10.1007/s00216-011-5557 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proanthocyanidin

They can then be further fragmented and re-analyzed in tandem mass spectrometry, often with a quadrupole ion trap, but also ... Yates, J. R. (1998-01-01). "Mass spectrometry and the age of the proteome". Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 33 (1): 1-19. Bibcode ... De novo peptide sequencing Protein mass spectrometry Proteomics Mass spectrometry in the biological sciences James, P.; ... Vestal, Marvin L.; Campbell, Jennifer M. (2005-01-01). Tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 402 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide-mass_fingerprint

... oil by electrospray and tandem mass spectrometry". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 86 (3): 445-452. doi:10.1002 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pequi_oil

Sleno L, Volmer DA (2004). "Ion activation methods for tandem mass spectrometry". Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 39 (10): 1091- ... Laskin, Julia; Futrell, Jean H. (2005). "Activation of large lons in FT-ICR mass spectrometry" (PDF). Mass Spectrometry Reviews ... out in magnetic sector mass spectrometers or tandem magnetic sector mass spectrometers and in tandem time-of-flight mass ... These fragment ions can then be analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. CID and the fragment ions produced by CID are used for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision-induced_dissociation

Tandem mass spectrometry: non-invasive, rapid method; a significant peak at C16 is indicative of generalized CPT II deficiency ... 2002). Tandem Mass Spectrometric Assay for the Determination of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II Activity in Muscle Tissue. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnitine_palmitoyltransferase_II_deficiency

Sleno L, Volmer DA (2004). "Ion activation methods for tandem mass spectrometry". Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 39 (10): 1091- ... It is the science that studies ions and molecules in the gas phase, most often enabled by some form of mass spectrometry. By ... Adiabatic ionization Mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry Plasma (physics) Michael T. Bowers R. Graham Cooks Helmut ... Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. I. General Introduction. IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas-phase_ion_chemistry

by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 19 (4): 335-41. doi:10.1002 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybin_mushroom

Identification of IQGAP1 by nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (24): 15419-25 ... "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (1): 89. doi: ... Zhao C, Ma H, Bossy-Wetzel E, Lipton SA, Zhang Z, Feng GS (September 2003). "GC-GAP, a Rho family GTPase-activating protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC42

by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 76 (5): 1015-7. ... Marciano MA, Ordinola-Zapata R, Cunha TV, Duarte MA, Cavenago BC, Garcia RB, Bramante CM, Bernardineli N, Moraes IG (April 2011 ... milk using automated on-line column-switching-high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry ... using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry to analyze the amount of BPA, phthalate and their metabolites in peripheral venous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_Bisphenol_A

by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 19 (4): 335-41. doi:10.1002 ... When they are viewed in mass, such as with a spore print, the spores appear white. Observing with a light microscope reveals ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygrophorus_eburneus

Kinter, Michael; Sherman, Nicholas E. (2000). Protein sequencing and identification using tandem mass spectrometry. New York, ... "Lung Cancer Serum Biomarker Discovery Using Glycoprotein Capture and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry". Journal of ... Massachusetts Institute of Technology. hdl:1721.1/44423. Nossal, Gustav J. V. (23 January 2003). "The double helix and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leroy_Hood

Identification of IQGAP1 by nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (24): 15419-25. doi:10.1074/jbc. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IQGAP1

An important application using tandem mass spectrometry is in protein identification. Tandem mass spectrometry enables a ... database Mass spectrometry imaging Mass spectrometry software Micro-arrays for mass spectrometry Nanoscale secondary ion mass ... Mass spectrometry Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mass spectrometry. Look up mass spectrometry in Wiktionary, the free ... Many mass spectrometers use two or more mass analyzers for tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). In addition to the more common ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry

... or representation in mass spectrometry. In protein mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry (also known as MS/MS or MS2) ... powerful software for peptidede novo sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 17 (20 ... 1990). Mass spectrometry data format: for a list of mass spectrometry data viewers and format converters. List of protein ... Bartels, Christian (31 May 1990). "Fast algorithm for peptide sequencing by mass spectroscopy". Biological Mass Spectrometry. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mass_spectrometry_software

Miles RR, Crockett DK, Lim MS, Elenitoba-Johnson KS (2006). "Analysis of BCL6-interacting proteins by tandem mass spectrometry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZMYND8

Tandem mass spectrometry is usually employed for added specificity. Standard curves and internal standards are used for ... Covey TR, Lee ED, Henion JD (October 1986). "High-speed liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of ... Pharmacokinetics is often studied using mass spectrometry because of the complex nature of the matrix (often plasma or urine) ... There is currently considerable interest in the use of very high sensitivity mass spectrometry for microdosing studies, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacokinetics

The usual method of analysis is tandem mass spectrometry. Jones, P. M.; Bennett, M. J. (2010). "Urine Organic Acid Analysis for ... Inherited Metabolic Disease Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry". Clinical Applications of Mass Spectrometry. Methods in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine_organic_acids

"Automated protein identification by tandem mass spectrometry: Issues and strategies". Mass Spectrometry Reviews. 25 (2): 235- ... Protein mass spectrometry refers to the application of mass spectrometry to the study of proteins. Mass spectrometry is an ... Consequently, protein mass spectrometry now plays a leading role in protein characterization. Mass spectrometry of proteins ... R.E. Iacob & J. R. Engen (2012). "Hydrogen Exchange Mass Spectrometry: Are We Out of the Quicksand?". Mass Spectrometry Reviews ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_mass_spectrometry

Nesvizhskii AI (2007). "Protein identification by tandem mass spectrometry and sequence database searching". Mass Spectrometry ... Bottom-up proteomics Mass spectrometry software Protein mass spectrometry Shotgun lipidomics Top-down proteomics Alves P, ... Tandem mass spectrometry is then used to identify the peptides. Targeted proteomics using SRM and data-independent acquisition ... As the peptides elute from the column, they are ionized and separated by m/z in the first stage of tandem mass spectrometry. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotgun_proteomics

"Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Metabolic Disease Screening Among Newborns". www.cdc.gov. Centers for Disease Control (CDC ... Most newborn screening uses tandem mass spectroscopy to detect biochemical abnormalities that suggest specific disorders. DNA- ... Milko LV, Rini C, Lewis MA, Butterfield RM, Lin FC, Paquin RS, et al. (June 2018). "Evaluating parents' decisions about next- ... Clinical geneticists often work in tandem with a genetic counselor and play an important role in providing genetic testing, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elective_genetic_and_genomic_testing

"The Analysis of Metalloporphyrins in Petroleum Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry". Fuel Science and Technology International. 4 (6 ... microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry". ... She was the president of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry for the period of 2014-2016. Brodbelt's research centers on ... In 2019, Brodbelt received the Frank H. Field and Joe L. Franklin Award for Outstanding Achievement in Mass Spectrometry from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_S._Brodbelt

"Scanning the isotopic structure of molecules by tandem mass spectrometry". International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 434: 276 ... isotope ratio mass spectrometry, laser spectrometry, NMR, ESI-MS). Early analyses varied in technique, but were commonly ... Initial measurements of position specific isotope enrichments were measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry in which ... Analysis of molecular isotopic structures at high precision and accuracy by Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Wiley InterScience. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position-specific_isotope_analysis

Biemann K, Scoble HA (August 1987). "Characterization by tandem mass spectrometry of structural modifications in proteins". ... Annexin A1 protein has an apparent relative molecular mass of 40 kDa with phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity. Glucocorticoids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexin_A1

by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry". Journal of Pharmaceutical and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophora_flavescens

Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 18 (5 ... "Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study of the Flavonoids of the Roots of Astragalus mongholicus ... Xu, Q.; Ma, X.; Liang, X. (2007). "Determination of Astragalosides in the Roots of Astragalus spp. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astragalus_propinquus

2006). "Human Plasma N-Glycoproteome Analysis by Immunoaffinity Subtraction, Hydrazide Chemistry, and Mass Spectrometry". J. ... While encoding nonpolymorphic tandem repeats rich in proline, serine and threonine similar to mucin proteins, the gene also ... Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, et al. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUPCDH

His professional activities have focused on research and teaching in analytical mass spectrometry, particularly tandem mass ... The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry: Volume 9: Historical Perspectives, Part B: Notable People in Mass Spectrometry "Advisor ... He won the ASMS Award for Distinguished Contribution to Mass Spectrometry along with Chris Enke in 1993. His research has also ... "Tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer for selected ion fragmentation studies and low energy collision induced dissociator". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Yost

... a type of solar cell Tandem language learning, a method of language learning Tandem mass spectrometry, see Mass spectrometry ... Tandem means an arrangement one behind another as opposed to side by side. Tandem may also refer to: Tandem Computers, a former ... Tandem repeat, a pattern of adjacent repetitions of nucleotides in DNA Tandem rotors Tandem signaling Tandem single-chain ... see Particle accelerator Tandem bicycle Tandem carriage Tandem-charge, an explosive device or projectile that has two or more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem_(disambiguation)

Affected infants show low levels of free carnitine and all other acylcarnitine species by tandem mass spectrometry. Not all ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_primary_carnitine_deficiency

"Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex and identification of its components by mass spectrometry". The EMBO Journal. 19 ... The carboxy-terminal two-thirds of subunit 1 have 22 non-identical, tandem HEAT repeats that form rod-like, helical structures ... Dias Neto E, Correa RG, Verjovski-Almeida S, Briones MR, Nagai MA, da Silva W, Zago MA, Bordin S, Costa FF, Goldman GH, ... Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA (April 1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SF3B1

A repeat of the thorium-experiment using the superior method of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) failed to confirm the ... The fission of the compound nucleus 312124 was also studied in 2006 at the tandem ALPI heavy-ion accelerator at the Laboratori ... A criticism of the technique, previously used in purportedly identifying lighter thorium isotopes by mass spectrometry, was ... With a relative atomic mass of around 445 u, it should be a very heavy metal with a density of around 26 g/cm3. The 7d ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_periodic_table

... tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry ... "Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex and identification of its components by mass spectrometry". The EMBO Journal. 19 ... "Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex and identification of its components by mass spectrometry". The EMBO Journal. 19 ... Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP (Aug 2004). "Large-scale ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBMX

"Search for new alkaloids in Pachycereus weberi by tandem mass spectrometry". Analytical Chemistry. 57 (1): 109-114. doi:10.1021 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhalidine

... the first application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) was demonstrated on the TAGA 6000 ... In 1984 a joint venture was formed between MDS SCIEX and British Aerospace to develop a tandem mass spectrometer system for ... "Determination of sulfa drugs in biological fluids by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry". Analytical ... "Atmospheric Pressure Ion Evaporation-Mass Spectrometry". International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics. 50: 331- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCIEX

using time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the separation of short tandem repeat markers. Since 2000, Butler works at the NIST ... "Reliable genotyping of short tandem repeat loci without an allelic ladder using time-of-flight mass spectrometry". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Butler_(scientist)

She was one of the first scientists to characterize glycoconjugates with tandem mass spectrometry. Her 1988 article has been ... microfluidic capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, and ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. ... "Pioneering women in mass spectrometry - an interview with Catherine E. Costello". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 32 ... thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_E._Costello

This method could be implemented in a fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry instrument to search for biosignatures. Leroy ... 24 May 2021). "Identifying molecules as biosignatures with assembly theory and mass spectrometry". Nature Communications. 12 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_theory

"Isopeptide bonds in bacterial pili and their characterization by X-ray crystallography and mass spectrometry". Biopolymers. 91 ... "The Corynebacterium diphtheriae shaft pilin SpaA is built of tandem Ig-like modules with stabilizing isopeptide and disulfide ... Solovyova AS, Pointon JA, Race PR, Smith WD, Kehoe MA, Banfield MJ (February 2010). "Solution structure of the major (Spy0128) ... Barocchi MA (August 2008). "A second pilus type in Streptococcus pneumoniae is prevalent in emerging serotypes and mediates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sortase

... tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry ... Michell RH, Heath VL, Lemmon MA, Dove SK (January 2006). "Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate: metabolism and cellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIKFYVE

2005). "Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis using a dendrimer conjugation chemistry and tandem mass spectrometry". Nat. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBRM1

2005). "Characterization of phosphorylation sites on histone H1 isoforms by tandem mass spectrometry". J. Proteome Res. 3 (6): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIST1H1D

2005). "Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis using a dendrimer conjugation chemistry and tandem mass spectrometry". Nat. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEC24B

"Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the mycolic acid profiles for the identification of common ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_pulveris

... for tandem mass spectrometry protein characterization. Originally developed to identify novel peptides through de novo peptide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Li

... lateriflora by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet photodiode array and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry". ... Liu X, Hong SI, Park SJ, Dela Peña JB, Che H, Yoon SY, Kim DH, Kim JM, Cai M, Risbrough V, Geyer MA, Shin CY, Cheong JH, Park H ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutellaria

2007). "Proteomics analysis of protein kinases by target class-selective prefractionation and tandem mass spectrometry". Mol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPS6KA4

Williamson BL, Johnson KL, Tomlinson AJ, Gleich GJ, Naylor S (October 1998). "On-line HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry structural ... These were characterized using accurate mass LC-MS, LC-MS/MS and multistage mass spectrometry (MSn). The last of the six ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophilia–myalgia_syndrome

"Determination of metformin in human plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry". ... pore water by high-resolution sampling-direct injection-ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ... Ma T, Tian X, Zhang B, Li M, Wang Y, Yang C, et al. (March 2022). "Low-dose metformin targets the lysosomal AMPK pathway ... Gilligan MA (February 2002). "Metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency". Archives of Internal Medicine. 162 (4): 484-5. doi:10.1001 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin

2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (1): 89. ... CHD1 contains two tandem N-terminal chromodomains, a SNF2-related domain, a helicase C domain, CDH1/2 SANT-Helical linker, and ... January 2003). "Profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation pathways in human cells using mass spectrometry". Proceedings of the ... Augello MA, Liu D, Deonarine LD, Robinson BD, Huang D, Stelloo S, et al. (April 2019). "CHD1 Loss Alters AR Binding at Lineage- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHD1

... emission spectroscopy Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry LBOZ ... 21-119 In addition to this spectrophotometry can be used in tandem with other techniques such as SDS-Page electrophoresis in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrophotometry

... tandem mass spectrometry". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 1811 (11): 669-679. doi: ... "Paint Spray Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Additives from Polymers on Conducting Surfaces". Mass Spectrometry Letters. ... "Mass spectrometry imaging under ambient conditions". Mass Spectrometry Reviews. 32 (3): 218-243. Bibcode:2013MSRv...32..218W. ... "Ambient Mass Spectrometry Imaging: Plasma Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Its Applications ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_ionization

... tandem mass spectrometry, not tandem mass spectroscopy. * The standard abbreviation for tandem mass spectrometry is MS/MS, not ... of genetic disorders in human blood and urine using tandem mass spectrometry with liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry. ... atom bombardment with tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to the analysis of acylcarnitines in ... Automated tandem mass spectrometry for mass newborn screening for disorders in fatty acid, organic acid, and amino acid ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5003a1.htm

Site-Specific Glycopeptide Identification by Tandem Mass Spectrometry ... Site-Specific Glycopeptide Identification by Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Download VideoCast. You can download this VideoCast and ...

https://videocast.nih.gov/watch=26593

... ... 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency diagnosed in tandem mass spectrometry-based newborn screening. EMHJ - Eastern ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/118540?locale-attribute=de&

With the advance of mass spectrometry (MS) technology, the speed of identification can be greatly improved. However, the ... Robust Accurate Identification and Biomass Estimates of Microorganisms via Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Alves G, Yu YK. Alves G, ... Evaluation of the Limit of Detection of Bacteria by Tandem Mass Spectrometry Proteotyping and Phylopeptidomics. Mappa C, Alpha- ... Identification of Microorganisms by High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Accurate Statistical Significance. Alves G, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=29873019

Accurate determination of molecular formulae using tandem mass spectrometry Research Briefing. 13 Apr 2023. ... including advances in mass spectrometry-based methods and single-molecule protein sequencing approaches. ...

https://www.nature.com/nmeth/?type=collection&error=cookies_not_supported&code=c18e5e01-6691-4fd0-b951-6b7ef6022f99

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a reliable and accurate method for measuring steroid hormone ... Analytical Performance Evaluation for Estradiol using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Won, Eun Jeong; Yi, Ahram ... Analytical Performance Evaluation for Estradiol using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Sp ... Estradiol; Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem; Humanos; Cromatografia Líquida/métodos; Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/ ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-36627012

Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics. A Nano-HPLC system (nanoADVANCE, Bruker-Michrom, Billerica, MA, United States) was ... Proteomic analysis was performed using a quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer. Peptides were identified by ... Precursor mass tolerance (MS) and fragment mass tolerance (MS/MS) were set to 100 ppm and ± 0.6 Da, respectively. Positive ... Ma, B., Hibbing, M. E., Kim, H. S., Reedy, R. M., Yedidia, I., Breuer, J., et al. (2007). Host range and molecular phylogenies ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00885/full

Characterization of O(2) ((1)Delta(g))-Derived Oxidation Products of Tryptophan: A Combination of Tandem Mass Spectrometry ... J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2009, 20, 188-197) (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Mass ... JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY, v.20, n.2, p.188-197, 2009 ... O-isotopic labeling experiments and accurate mass measurements. The five identified oxidized products, namely two isomeric ...

https://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/1627498

There is a paucity of data on the role of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), in the management of ... Washaya N, Evans A, Muloiwa R, Smith P, Buys H. The prevalence of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed ... The prevalence of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed paediatric poisoning at Red Cross War Memorial ... The prevalence of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed paediatric poisoning at Red Cross War Memorial ...

https://open.uct.ac.za/handle/11427/35183

Comparison and limitations of currently employed immunoassay with a novel liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry ( ... Material & Methods: Samples were extracted and a mass spectrometer coupled to high performance liquid chromatography was ...

http://theprofesional.com/index.php/tpmj/article/view/6457

A novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with a dual electrospray ionization (ESI) and ... Study: Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Analysis of 102 Pesticides and Five Mycotoxins Regulated by the State of Colorado in ... A novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with a dual electrospray ionization (ESI) and ... normally analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [GC-MS/MS]) with an APCI ion source was elucidated. ...

https://www.cannabissciencetech.com/view/study-tandem-mass-spectrometry-method-for-analysis-of-102-pesticides-and-five-mycotoxins-regulated-by-the-state-of-colorado-in-dried-hemp

5500 hybrid linear ion-trap triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a Turbo Spray source. Chromatographic separation ... A highly sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for ... A highly sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for ... An Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Quantification of Vancomycin Requiring ...

https://file.scirp.org/Html/2-2201575_78932.htm

4.3.2. Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for TTX. LC-MS/MS was conducted according to a previously ... HPLC-FLD was carried out on a Waters system (Milford, MA, USA) fitted with a fluorescence detector [29,38]. A LiChroCART ... Chemical and Physical Culture Conditions Significantly Influence the Cell Mass and Docosahexaenoic Acid Content of ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/12/670

Matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). *Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) ... the Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group can provide mass spectrometry results and expertise for projects as simple as ... The NIEHS Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group aids intramural researchers by offering a wide variety of mass ... In addition to acquisition of mass spectrometry data, the group uses MS informatics tools to mine, filter, and assemble mass ...

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/facilities/mass/index.cfm

Determination of atmospheric amines at Seoul, South Korea via gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. / Choi, Na Rae; Lee ... Determination of atmospheric amines at Seoul, South Korea via gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. In: Chemosphere. ... Determination of atmospheric amines at Seoul, South Korea via gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Chemosphere. 2020 ... title = "Determination of atmospheric amines at Seoul, South Korea via gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry", ...

https://pure.ewha.ac.kr/en/publications/determination-of-atmospheric-amines-at-seoul-south-korea-via-gas-

HPLC API Tandem Mass Spectrometry. [PDF - 1.79 MB] September 2017. HPV Penile Swab Linear Array. [PDF - 248 KB] Updated ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/ContinuousNhanes/LabMethods.aspx?BeginYear=2013

... validation of clopidogrel in human plasma through ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ... validation of clopidogrel in human plasma through ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ...

https://scholar.ui.ac.id/en/publications/analytical-validation-of-clopidogrel-in-human-plasma-through-ultr/fingerprints/

Keywords: CAMKK2; CDK1; ERK1; MCMs; STO-609; gastric cancer; mass spectrometry; phosphoproteomics. ... Immunofluorescence results were in concordance with our mass spectroscopy data and Western blot analysis results. Taken ... Tandem Mass Spectrometry Substances * Benzimidazoles * Naphthalimides * STO 609 * CAMKK2 protein, human * Calcium-Calmodulin- ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34437731/

Rapid and Simple Analysis of Trace Levels of Three Explosives in Soil by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry ... using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). An easy and practical sample preparation method was developed ...

https://avesis.istanbul.edu.tr/yayin/630033ee-0857-4523-a973-d43273551f21/rapid-and-simple-analysis-of-trace-levels-of-three-explosives-in-soil-by-liquid-chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry

... expression and identification in myopic and hyperopic chick retina using nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. ... expression and identification in myopic and hyperopic chick retina using nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry ... expression and identification in myopic and hyperopic chick retina using nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry ... expression and identification in myopic and hyperopic chick retina using nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry ...

https://research.polyu.edu.hk/en/publications/differentially-protein-expression-and-identification-in-myopic-an

... methylated metabolites in human plasma by field amplified sample injection capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry. ... methylated metabolites in human plasma by field amplified sample injection capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry. ... methylated metabolites in human plasma by field amplified sample injection capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry. ... methylated metabolites in human plasma by field amplified sample injection capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry. ...

https://publires.unicatt.it/it/publications/analysis-of-arginine-and-methylated-metabolites-in-human-plasma-b-7

Y. Wang, S. Hui, F. Wondisford and X. Su. Utilizing tandem mass spectrometry for metabolic flux analysis. Laboratory ... Circulating metabolite homeostasis achieved through mass action. Nature Metabolism (2022). 2021. *X. Wang, J. Frederick, H. ...

https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/sheng-tony-hui/publications/

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). * Gas-phase ion chemistry/physics. * Organic mass spectrometry * Biological mass spectrometry ... Mass spectrometry history. * Isotopes and molecular weight. * Mass analyzers. * Ion sources, ion detectors. * Mass ... Dr Diego Cobice has been working/contributing in the field of Mass Spectrometry (MS) from more than 20 years. He has obtained a ... Finally, he was appointed Director (SO) of Mass Spectrometry Centre at Ulster (BMRSI), where he is currently in charge of ...

https://www.ulster.ac.uk/faculties/life-and-health-sciences/events/2-introduction-to-mass-spectrometry-and-imaging-mass-spectrometry

Laboratory integration and utilization of tandem mass spectrometry in neonatal screening: a model for clinical mass ... Application of electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to neonatal screening. Semin Perinatol. 1999;23:183-93. DOIPubMedGoogle ... by using tandem mass spectrometry without preceding chromatographic separation (22,23) (online Technical Appendix). ... This method is based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/8/17-1004

Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analyses The samples were dissolved in 0.2% formic acid, and a volume ... Statistical Analyses of Proteins Identified by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry ... We thank the mass spectrometry service at the Support Unit for Bio-material analysis, Research Resource Division at RIKEN CBS ... MA performed the IHC experiments, acquired the images, and analyzed the data with support from SS-W. AS-M and MA wrote the ...

https://www.proquest.com/openview/49d1d9780275f08d9bbed7ae41e02c9a/1?cbl=4424411&loginDisplay=true&loginDisplay=true&pq-origsite=gscholar

To better understand the chemical species produced when diisocyanates react with protein, tandem mass spectrometry was employed ... Determination of the toluene diisocyanate binding sites on human serum albumin by tandem mass spectrometry. ... Mass-spectrometry; Allergic-reactions; Allergies; Respiratory-system-disorders; Pulmonary-system-disorders; Lung-irritants; ... Lung-disorders; Respiratory-irritants; Protein-biochemistry; Author Keywords: Diisocyanate; Serum albumin; Tandem mass ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=siegel&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&D1=10&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&PageNo=8&RecNo=74&View=f&

Tandem Mass Spectrometry Tandem Pore Domain Potassium Channel use Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain ... Tandem Repeat Sequences Tandem Repeat, Direct use Tandem Repeat Sequences Tandem Repeat, Inverted use Inverted Repeat Sequences ... Tandem Repeat Sequence use Tandem Repeat Sequences ... Tandem Repeats use Tandem Repeat Sequences Tandem Repeats, ... Tandem Pore Domain Potassium Channels use Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain Tandem Repeat use Tandem Repeat Sequences ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/DeCS2018_Alfab-T.htm

liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. NTCP. sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide. OATP. organic anion ... by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (Wang et al., 2015). Furthermore, for most transporters, the ... equipped with ESI source was used for mass spectrometric detection. Analyst version 1.62 (AB Sciex, Framingham, MA) was used as ... interfaced to a linear ion trap mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Separation was achieved on a Agilent ...

https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/353/2/380?ijkey=34f3bde9e757b9d7ab0530818146e1e1e88db9b1&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

The supernatants were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Positive ion electrospray ionization mass ... Atkinson MA, Eisenbarth GS, Michels AW. Type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2014;383(9911):69-82.. View this article via: PubMed CrossRef ... spectra were obtained with an MDS Sciex 3200 Q-TRAP triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystems) with a turbo ion ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/97739

Analytical Performance Evaluation for Estradiol using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. (bvsalud.org)
Liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a reliable and accurate method for measuring steroid hormone levels. (bvsalud.org)
There is a paucity of data on the role of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), in the management of paediatric poisoning in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). (uct.ac.za)
Washaya, Norbertta, Alicia Evans, Rudzani Muloiwa, Peter Smith, and Heloise Buys "The prevalence of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed paediatric poisoning at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. (uct.ac.za)
Washaya N, Evans A, Muloiwa R, Smith P, Buys H. The prevalence of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed paediatric poisoning at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. (uct.ac.za)
A novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with a dual electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source was developed for analyzing 102 pesticides and five mycotoxins that are regulated by the state of Colorado in hemp. (cannabissciencetech.com)
The ionization mechanism of nonpolar pesticides (normally analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [GC-MS/MS]) with an APCI ion source was elucidated. (cannabissciencetech.com)
A highly sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of vancomycin (VAN) in low volumes of rabbit serum. (scirp.org)
The found substances were also identified with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (erowid.org)

Efficiency of database search for identification of mutated and modified proteins via mass spectrometry. (broadinstitute.org)
31. Analysis of BCL6-interacting proteins by tandem mass spectrometry. (nih.gov)

Vitamin D testing: Comparison and limitations of currently employed immunoassay with a novel liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) technique. (theprofesional.com)
Samples were extracted and a mass spectrometer coupled to high performance liquid chromatography was adopted for quantitation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 in human samples (serum). (theprofesional.com)
Reproducible workflow for multiplexed deep-scale proteome and phosphoproteome analysis of tumor tissues by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. (broadinstitute.org)

Increasingly, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is being used for newborn screening because this laboratory testing technology substantially increases the number of metabolic disorders that can be detected from dried blood-spot specimens. (cdc.gov)
The introduction of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the 1990s for population-based newborn screening has enabled health-care providers to detect an increased number of metabolic disorders in a single process by using dried blood-spot specimens routinely collected from newborns ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
Validation of accuracy-based amino acid reference materials in dried-blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry for newborn screening assays. (cdc.gov)
A collaboration between Guthrie and MacCready, a physician who directed the diagnostic laboratories of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, resulted in the application of Guthrie's test to spots of blood routinely collected from the heel of newborn infants at nursery discharge and dried on filter paper. (nih.gov)

The NIEHS Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group aids intramural researchers by offering a wide variety of mass spectrometry analyses. (nih.gov)
The laboratory utilizes high performance instrumentation and is expert in a large number of mass spectrometry approaches, including qualitative and quantitative analyses. (nih.gov)

Alves G, Yu Y. Robust Accurate Identification and Biomass Estimates of Microorganisms via Tandem Mass Spectrometry. (nih.gov)

The emerging field of single-cell proteomics is undergoing a phase of rapid technology development, including advances in mass spectrometry-based methods and single-molecule protein sequencing approaches. (nature.com)
A CE ion trap tandem MS method was optimised for the analysis of arginine, monomethyl- and (symmetric and asymmetric) dimethylarginines in human plasma after a very reduced sample pretreatment step involving a simple protein precipitation with ACN. (unicatt.it)
To better understand the chemical species produced when diisocyanates react with protein, tandem mass spectrometry was employed to unambiguously identify the binding sites of the industrially important isomers, 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate on human serum albumin at varying diisocyanate:protein ratios. (cdc.gov)
Protein Chemistry - runs mass spectrometers and chromatography systems to enable protein separation, identification, quantification, and post-translational modification characterization as well as offering peptide synthesis and affinity purification of antibodies. (oeaw.ac.at)

Metabolic disorders detectable by tandem mass spectrometry and unexpected early childhood mortality: a population-based study. (cdc.gov)

He is a member of British Mass Spectrometry Society (BMSS), Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Endocrine Society, Society of Endocrinology, European Society of Molecular Imaging (Chair and editor) and member of advisory board committee of the Irish Mass Spectrometry Society. (ulster.ac.uk)

Mangas I, Taylor P, Vilanova E, Estévez J, França TC, Komives E, Radić Z. (2015) Resolving pathways of interaction of mipafox and a sarin analog with human acetylcholinesterase by kinetics, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling approaches. (nih.gov)

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), a single quantitative and automated assay that covers more than 20 disorders, includes very specific and sensitive coverage for PKU (Chace, Millington, Terada, et al. (nih.gov)

Become familiar with principles of mass spectrometric techniques and their applications particularly in biomedical research applications. (ulster.ac.uk)

Metabolomics - uses tandem mass spectrometry and chromatography for bulk and targeted metabolite profiling. (oeaw.ac.at)

To quantify the presence of volatile amines in particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to a nominal 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), an efﬁcient and rapid analytical method based on in-matrix ethyl chloroformate (ECF) derivatization followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was developed and validated using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. (ewha.ac.kr)

Depending upon the project and level of investigator need, the Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group can provide mass spectrometry results and expertise for projects as simple as a single-sample analysis or as involved as a multi-year research collaboration. (nih.gov)

Immunofluorescence results were in concordance with our mass spectroscopy data and Western blot analysis results. (nih.gov)

In addition to acquisition of mass spectrometry data, the group uses MS informatics tools to mine, filter, and assemble mass spectrometry data. (nih.gov)

Finally, he was appointed Director (SO) of Mass Spectrometry Centre at Ulster (BMRSI), where he is currently in charge of centre facilities and research support. (ulster.ac.uk)

Dr Diego Cobice has been working/contributing in the field of Mass Spectrometry (MS) from more than 20 years. (ulster.ac.uk)

The UHPLC-MS/MS consisted of an Agilent 1290 Infinity UHPLC system connected to an AB Sciex QTrap ® 5500 hybrid linear ion-trap triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a Turbo Spray source. (scirp.org)

Screening in Massachusetts was quickly successful, producing the unexpectedly large number of 9 cases of PKU among the first 53,000 infants tested (MacCready, 1963). (nih.gov)

Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most efficient tools used in the current studies of glycoproteins and structure of their glycoforms. (nih.gov)

The fragmentation mechanisms of singlet oxygen [O(2) ((1)Delta(g))]-derived oxidation products of tryptophan (W) were analyzed using collision-induced dissociation coupled with (18)O-isotopic labeling experiments and accurate mass measurements. (uchile.cl)

Determination of the toluene diisocyanate binding sites on human serum albumin by tandem mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)

The most common fatty acid oxidation disorder, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), has become the focal point for the adoption of tandem mass spectrometry to detect it and related inborn errors of metabolism. (cdc.gov)

Using cell-based transfection and transduction experiments, mass spectrometry, and organotypic assays together with molecular modeling, we investigated whether inhibition of the PG pathway by known EDCs could be a novel point of endocrine disruption. (nih.gov)

Blood metabolites in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity based on tandem mass spectrometry: a preliminary study]. (bvsalud.org)

Currently, there are only two truly regional programs: (1) the Northwest Regional Program in which the Oregon Public Health Laboratory also screens specimens from Nevada, Alaska, Wyoming, and Montana, and (2) the New England Regional Program in which the Massachusetts Public Health Laboratory also screens specimens from Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. (nih.gov)

Depending upon the project and level of investigator need, the Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group can provide mass spectrometry results and expertise for projects as simple as a single-sample analysis or as involved as a multi-year research collaboration. (nih.gov)

The NIEHS Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group aids intramural researchers by offering a wide variety of mass spectrometry analyses. (nih.gov)

Recently, electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has provided an alternative automated high throughput, specific, and broad-spectrum approach to screening for a relatively large number of disorders, including those covered by bacterial inhibition assays tests. (nih.gov)

Anatomy9

Organisms14

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs98

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment72

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations7

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science8

Named Groups1

Health Care13

Geographicals1

Targeted comparative proteomics by liquid chromatography-tandem Fourier ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. (1/5193)

The identification of 3,4-MDMA from its mass equivalent isomers and isobaric substances using fast LC-ESI-MS-MS. (2/5193)

Parallel ion parking: improving conversion of parents to first-generation products in electron transfer dissociation. (3/5193)

Some structural properties of plant serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase? (4/5193)

Two-dimensional gas-phase separations coupled to mass spectrometry for analysis of complex mixtures. (5/5193)

Newborn screening of inherited metabolic diseases by tandem mass spectrometry. (6/5193)

Peptide-phospholipid cross-linking reactions: identification of leucine enkephalin-alka(e)nal-glycerophosphatidylcholine adducts by tandem mass spectrometry. (7/5193)

Cytoskeletal components of an invasion machine--the apical complex of Toxoplasma gondii. (8/5193)

No images available that match "tandem mass spectrometry"

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Mass Spectrometry

Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Chromatography, Liquid

Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Proteomics

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Proteome

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Peptides

Solid Phase Extraction

Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional

Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment

Neonatal Screening

Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion

Reproducibility of Results

Molecular Structure

Reference Standards

Tandem Repeat Sequences

Calibration

Peptide Mapping

Metabolism, Inborn Errors

Limit of Detection

Isotope Labeling

Sensitivity and Specificity

Ions

Sequence Analysis, Protein

Proteins

Databases, Protein

Indicators and Reagents

Complex Mixtures

Indicator Dilution Techniques

Peptide Fragments

Deuterium

Deuterium Exchange Measurement

Chemical Fractionation

Substance Abuse Detection

Trypsin

Chromatography, Reverse-Phase

Isomerism

Protein Processing, Post-Translational

Carbohydrate Sequence

Dried Blood Spot Testing

Isotopes

Biotransformation

Algorithms

Fourier Analysis

Atmospheric Pressure

Metabolomics

Acetonitriles

Oxygen Isotopes

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Glucuronides

Software

Blood Specimen Collection

Microchemistry

Aconitum

Protein Binding

Phosphopeptides

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Gases

Analytic Sample Preparation Methods

Carnitine

Oligosaccharides

Cattle

Oxidation-Reduction

Drug Stability

Glycosylation

Glycerophospholipids

Electrophoresis, Capillary

Paper

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrate Conformation

Biological Markers

Models, Molecular

DNA Adducts

Models, Chemical

Drug Residues