Synovial Membrane
Synovitis
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.
Synovial Fluid
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.
Rheumatoid Nodule
Subcutaneous nodules seen in 20-30% of rheumatoid arthritis patients. They may arise anywhere on the body, but are most frequently found over the bony prominences. The nodules are characterized histologically by dense areas of fibrinoid necrosis with basophilic streaks and granules, surrounded by a palisade of cells, mainly fibroblasts and histiocytes.
Temporomandibular Joint
Membranes
Membrane Lipids
Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.
Cell Membrane
Intracellular Membranes
Membrane Potentials
The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).
Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine
Membranes, Artificial
Arthritis, Reactive
An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN.
Gold Sodium Thiomalate
A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of arthritis.
Cartilage, Articular
Erythrocyte Membrane
Membrane Fluidity
Chondromatosis, Synovial
Rare, benign, chronic, progressive metaplasia in which cartilage is formed in the synovial membranes of joints, tendon sheaths, or bursae. Some of the metaplastic foci can become detached producing loose bodies. When the loose bodies undergo secondary calcification, the condition is called synovial osteochondromatosis.
Arthritis, Experimental
Joints
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Joint Capsule
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Cell Membrane Permeability
Lentivirus Infections
Wrist Joint
Arthritis, Infectious
Basement Membrane
A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.
Cells, Cultured
Goats
Fibroblasts
Immunohistochemistry
Spondylitis, Ankylosing
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome
A symptom complex consisting of pain, muscle tenderness, clicking in the joint, and limitation or alteration of mandibular movement. The symptoms are subjective and manifested primarily in the masticatory muscles rather than the temporomandibular joint itself. Etiologic factors are uncertain but include occlusal dysharmony and psychophysiologic factors.
Arthritis, Psoriatic
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)
Matrix Metalloproteinase 13
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Visna-maedi virus
A species of LENTIVIRUS, subgenus ovine-caprine lentiviruses (LENTIVIRUSES, OVINE-CAPRINE), that can cause chronic pneumonia (maedi), mastitis, arthritis, and encephalomyelitis (visna) in sheep. Maedi is a progressive pneumonia of sheep which is similar to but not the same as jaagsiekte (PULMONARY ADENOMATOSIS, OVINE). Visna is a demyelinating leukoencephalomyelitis of sheep which is similar to but not the same as SCRAPIE.
Membrane Transport Proteins
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein
T-Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.
Rabbits
Gadolinium DTPA
Interleukin-1
A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.
Sialoglycoproteins
Lipid Bilayers
Cartilage
Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
Mitochondrial Membranes
The two lipoprotein layers in the MITOCHONDRION. The outer membrane encloses the entire mitochondrion and contains channels with TRANSPORT PROTEINS to move molecules and ions in and out of the organelle. The inner membrane folds into cristae and contains many ENZYMES important to cell METABOLISM and energy production (MITOCHONDRIAL ATP SYNTHASE).
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
Protein Transport
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Synaptic Membranes
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Culture Techniques
Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.
Antigens, CD
Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.
Base Sequence
Liposomes
Gene Expression
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Protein Binding
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Models, Biological
HLA-DR Antigens
Cell Fractionation
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Collagen
B-Lymphocytes
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Carrier Proteins
Extraembryonic Membranes
The thin layers of tissue that surround the developing embryo. There are four extra-embryonic membranes commonly found in VERTEBRATES, such as REPTILES; BIRDS; and MAMMALS. They are the YOLK SAC, the ALLANTOIS, the AMNION, and the CHORION. These membranes provide protection and means to transport nutrients and wastes.
Lymphocytes
White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Detergents
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
In Situ Hybridization
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Clone Cells
A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Interleukin-6
Phosphatidylcholines
Golgi Apparatus
A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)
Mutation
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Freeze Fracturing
Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Monocytes
Cell Membrane Structures
Potassium
An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
Inflammation
Temperature
Subcellular Fractions
Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Amino Acid Sequence
Biological Transport, Active
Endocytosis
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Microscopy, Confocal
Disease Models, Animal
Cytoplasm
Erythrocytes
Models, Molecular
Binding Sites
Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
Purple Membrane
Functionally and structurally differentiated, purple-pigmented regions of the cytoplasmic membrane of some strains of Halobacterium halobium. The membrane develops under anaerobic conditions and is made almost entirely of the purple pigment BACTERIORHODOPSINS. (From Singleton & Sainsbury Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Ion Channels
Sodium
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis by gene delivery of soluble p75 tumour necrosis factor receptor. (1/3207)
Collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice can be passively transferred to SCID mice with spleen B- and T-lymphocytes. In the present study, we show that infection ex vivo of splenocytes from arthritic DBA/1 mice with a retroviral vector, containing cDNA for the soluble form of human p75 receptor of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-R) before transfer, prevents the development of arthritis, bone erosion and joint inflammation in the SCID recipients. Assessment of IgG subclass levels and studies of synovial histology suggest that down-regulating the effector functions of T helper-type 1 (Th1) cells may, at least in part, explain the inhibition of arthritis in the SCID recipients. In contrast, the transfer of splenocytes infected with mouse TNF-alpha gene construct resulted in exacerbated arthritis and enhancement of IgG2a antibody levels. Intriguingly, infection of splenocytes from arthritic DBA/1 mice with a construct for mouse IL-10 had no modulating effect on the transfer of arthritis. The data suggest that manipulation of the immune system with cytokines, or cytokine inhibitors using gene transfer protocols can be an effective approach to ameliorate arthritis. (+info)Overexpression of human homologs of the bacterial DnaJ chaperone in the synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (2/3207)
OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of the chaperone family of J proteins in the synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis. METHODS: Rabbit antibodies specific for a synthetic peptide (pHSJ1: EAYEVLSDKHKREIYD), representing the most conserved part of all J domains thus far identified--among them the Drosophila tumor suppressor Tid56--were used in immunohistochemical analyses of frozen sections of synovial tissue and immunoblotting of protein extracts of adherent synovial cells. IgG specific for Tid56 was also used. RESULTS: Both antisera predominantly and intensely stained synovial lining cells from RA patients; other cells did not stain or stained only faintly. In immunoblots, anti-pHSJ1 specifically detected several bands with molecular weights of >74 kd (type I), 57-64 kd (type II), 41-48 kd (type III), and < or =36 kd (type IV). The strongest band detected in RA adherent synovial cells was the type II band, whereas in a B cell line, a type I band was prominent. CONCLUSION: Several potentially new members of the J family are described. The type II band represents the human homolog of the Drosophila Tid56 protein and is strongly expressed in RA synovial tissue. (+info)Establishment and characterization of nurse cell-like stromal cell lines from synovial tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (3/3207)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the features of synovial stromal cells established from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to define these cells as nurse cells. METHODS: Synovial nurse-like stromal cell lines (RA-SNCs) were established from patients with RA. These cell lines were examined for morphology, pseudoemperipolesis activity, cell surface markers, and cytokine production. The interaction between these RA-SNCs and a synovial tissue B cell clone was also examined. RESULTS: RA-SNCs had nurse cell activity. They spontaneously produced interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Furthermore, they produced IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha and expressed higher levels of the other cytokines after coculture with the B cell clone. Proliferation and Ig production by the B cell clone were dependent on direct contact with RA-SNCs. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the RA-SNCs were nurse cells. The findings suggest that RA-SNCs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA by producing large amounts of cytokines and maintaining infiltrating lymphocytes. (+info)Serum response elements activate and cAMP responsive elements inhibit expression of transcription factor Egr-1 in synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis patients. (4/3207)
Analyzing the induction kinetics and promoter elements regulating the expression of the transcription factor Egr-1, we found elevated levels of Egr-1-encoding mRNA in synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients when compared to controls. By contrast, synovial lymphocytes and macrophages do not show an elevated Egr-1 transcription. Therefore, the overexpression of Egr-1 may serve as a diagnostic marker to characterize synovial fibroblasts of RA patients. To study the regulatory mechanisms controlling Egr-1 expression we analyzed the function of transcription factor binding sites located in the Egr-1 promoter. Individual transcription factor binding sites within the Egr-1 promoter were specifically mutated and Egr-1 promoter activity was tested using reporter gene constructs. Our experiments demonstrate that serum response elements are the main positive regulators and binding to a cAMP responsive element represents the major negative regulator for Egr-1 expression in synovial fibroblasts. In addition, we functionally defined a new element, which was not yet described in the human Egr-1 promoter and which serves as a second negative regulatory element for Egr-1 expression. Therefore increased serum response factor activity or failure of Egr-1 repressing signals may account for Egr-1 overexpression in RA synovial fibroblasts. (+info)Inhibition of IL-6 and IL-8 induction from cultured rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts by treatment with aurothioglucose. (5/3207)
Gold compounds have long been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, their actions in RA have not been clarified. In this study, we examined the effect of one of the monovalent gold compounds, aurothioglucose (AuTG), on the IL-1-induced production of IL-6, IL-8 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RSF) isolated from three RA patients. IL-6 and IL-8 induction but not GM-CSF induction was inhibited in most of the RSF after pretreatment with AuTG. Since gene expression of these cytokines is known to be under the control of a common transcription factor, NF-kappaB, the effect of AuTG on the cellular localization of NF-kappaB (p65 subunit) and on NF-kappaB-DNA binding was examined. Although AuTG treatment did not prevent NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, AuTG blocked the DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB when examined in vitro. Morphologically, both metal-specific cell staining using p-dimethylaminobenzylidene rhodamine and transmission electron microscopic examinations demonstrated the accumulation of metal gold in the cytoplama and some organella (mitochondria and lysosomes) of the AuTG-treated RSF. These results indicate that one of the anti-rheumatic actions of AuTG might be through its inhibitory action on NF-kappaB. (+info)Nuclear factor-kappa B activity in T cells from patients with rheumatic diseases: a preliminary report. (6/3207)
OBJECTIVE: The NF-kappa B/Rel family of transcription factors regulates the expression of many genes involved in the immune or inflammatory response at the transcriptional level. The aim of this study was to determine whether distinctive patterns of NF-kappa B activation are seen in different forms of joint disease. METHODS: The DNA binding activity of these nucleoproteins was examined in purified synovial and peripheral T cells from patients with various chronic rheumatic diseases (12: four with rheumatoid arthritis; five with spondyloarthropathies; and three with osteoarthritis). RESULTS: Electrophoretic mobility shift assays disclosed two specific complexes bound to a NF-kappa B specific 32P-labelled oligonucleotide in nucleoproteins extracted from purified T cells isolated from synovial fluid and peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The complexes consisted of p50/p50 homodimers and p50/p65 heterodimers. Increased NF-kappa B binding to DNA in synovial T cells was observed relative to peripheral T cells. In non-rheumatoid arthritis, binding of NF-kappa B in synovial T cells was exclusively mediated by p50/p50 homodimers. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that NF-kappa B may play a central part in the activation of infiltrating T cells in chronic rheumatoid arthritis. The activation of this nuclear factor is qualitatively different in rheumatoid synovial T cells to that in other forms of non-rheumatoid arthritis (for example, osteoarthritis, spondyloarthropathies). (+info)Down regulation by iron of prostaglandin E2 production by human synovial fibroblasts. (7/3207)
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of iron on the prostaglandin (PG) E2 production by human synovial fibroblasts in vitro. METHODS: Human synovial fibroblasts were isolated from synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients and cultured in medium. Synovial fibroblasts were stimulated by human recombinant interleukin (IL) 1 beta (0.1-10 ng/ml) with or without ferric citrate (Fe-citrate, 0.01-1 mM). The amount of PGE2 in the culture medium was measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The production of PGE2 by the synovial fibroblasts was increased by stimulation with IL1 beta at all concentrations tested. Fe-citrate but not sodium citrate (Na-citrate) down regulated the production of PGE2 by the synovial fibroblasts, both with and without stimulation by IL1 beta. Fe-citrate inhibited the spontaneous PGE2 production by the cells in a dose dependent manner, and a maximum inhibition by Fe-citrate was observed at the concentration of 0.1 mM with IL1 beta stimulation. The down regulation by iron was reversed by the co-addition of desferrioxamine (100 micrograms/ml), an iron chelator. CONCLUSION: Iron down regulates the PGE2 production by synovial fibroblasts in vitro. (+info)Plasma cell development in synovial germinal centers in patients with rheumatoid and reactive arthritis. (8/3207)
Plasma cells are found surrounding the inflammatory infiltrates of macrophages, T, and B cells in the synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid and reactive arthritis. This characteristic arrangement suggests that in the synovial tissue CD20+ B cells differentiate into plasma cells. To examine clonal relationships, we have used micromanipulation to separately isolate CD20+ B cells and plasma cells from single infiltrates. DNA was extracted, and from both populations the VH/VL gene repertoires was determined. The data show that in the inflamed synovial tissue activated B cells are clonally expanded. During proliferation in the network of follicular dendritic cells, V gene variants are generated by the hypermutation mechanism. Surprisingly, we do not find identical rearrangements between CD20+ B cells and plasma cells. Nevertheless, the finding of clonally related plasma cells within single infiltrates suggests that these cells underwent terminal differentiation in the synovial tissue. These results indicate that B cell differentiation in the synovial tissue is a dynamic process. Whereas CD20+ B cells may turnover rapidly, plasma cells may well be long lived and thus accumulate in the synovial tissue. The analysis of individual B cells recovered from synovial tissue opens a new way to determine the specificity of those cells that take part in the local immune reaction. This will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid or reactive arthritis. (+info)
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Elbow
Synovial membraneEdit. The synovial membrane of the elbow joint is very extensive. On the humerus, it extends up from the ... The elbow joint[1] is the synovial hinge joint[2] between the humerus in the upper arm and the radius and ulna in the forearm ... Several synovial folds project into the recesses of the joint.[8] These folds or plicae are remnants of normal embryonic ... Deep fibres of the brachialis muscle insert anteriorly into the capsule and act to pull it and the underlying membrane during ...
Sacrococcygeal symphysis
Occasionally the coccyx is freely movable on the sacrum, most notably during pregnancy; in such cases a synovial membrane is ...
Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis
The synovial membranes get irritated and synovitis occurs. Eventually, the bare surfaces of the joint bones are exposed to each ... The CMC1 joint is a synovial joint between the trapezium bone of the wrist and the metacarpal bone at the base of the thumb. ...
Radiate ligament of head of rib
... with the interarticular ligament and synovial membranes. In the case of the first rib, this ligament is not divided into three ...
Shoulder problem
It is lined by a thin, smooth synovial membrane.[citation needed] The bones of the shoulder are held in place by muscles, ... There is also a lack of synovial fluid, which normally lubricates the gap between the arm bone and socket to help the shoulder ...
Shoulder
It is lined by a thin, smooth synovial membrane. The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles that surround the shoulder joint ... It is lined by a thin, smooth synovial membrane. This capsule is strengthened by the coracohumeral ligament which attaches the ... and the joint space is surrounded by a synovial membrane. Around the joint space are muscles - the rotator cuff, which directly ...
Rheumatoid arthritis
The fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), highly specialized mesenchymal cells found in the synovial membrane, have an active and ... Arthritis of joints involves inflammation of the synovial membrane. Joints become swollen, tender and warm, and stiffness ... The clinical manifestations of disease are primarily inflammation of the synovial membrane and joint damage, and the fibroblast ... Color Doppler and power Doppler ultrasound are useful in assessing the degree of synovial inflammation as they can show ...
Elbow
The synovial membrane of the elbow joint is very extensive. On the humerus, it extends up from the articular margins and covers ... The elbow joint is the synovial hinge joint between the humerus in the upper arm and the radius and ulna in the forearm which ... Several synovial folds project into the recesses of the joint. These folds or plicae are remnants of normal embryonic ... by a thinner intermediate part and their distal attachments are united by a transverse band below which the synovial membrane ...
Articular capsule of the knee joint
The capsule consists of an inner synovial membrane, and an outer fibrous membrane separated by fatty deposits anteriorly and ... Between these, the synovial membrane passes in front of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, why these ligaments are ... Above and in front, beneath the tendon of the Quadriceps femoris, it is represented only by the synovial membrane. Its chief ... Anteriorly, the reflection of the synovial membrane lies on the femur; located at some distance from the cartilage because of ...
Articularis genus muscle
Its insertion is on the synovial membrane of the knee-joint. It is supplied by the lateral femoral circumflex artery. It is ... and prevents impingement of the synovial membrane between the patella and the femur. This article incorporates text in the ...
List of -ectomies
Synovectomy is the removal of the synovial membrane of a synovial joint. Thrombectomy is the removal of thrombi (blood clots). ... Bursectomy is the removal of a bursa, a small sac filled with synovial fluid. Cardiectomy is the removal of the cardia of the ...
METRNL
... is also up-regulated in synovial membranes of human rheumatoid arthritis. Adipocyte Metrnl antagonizes obesity-induced ...
Tendon sheath
A tendon sheath is a layer of synovial membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to stretch and not adhere to the ... It has two layers: synovial sheath fibrous tendon sheath Fibroma of the tendon sheath has been described. "Anatomy and ...
Middle genicular artery
It also supplies the synovial membrane at the bottom of the knee. The middle genicular artery may be damaged during knee ...
Carpometacarpal joint
The synovial membrane is a continuation of that of the intercarpal joints. Occasionally, the joint between the hamate and the ... fourth and fifth metacarpal bones has a separate synovial membrane.[citation needed] The synovial membranes of the wrist and ... Occasionally the fourth and fifth carpometacarpal joints have a separate synovial membrane.[citation needed] Osteoarthritis of ... The second to fifth joints are synovial ellipsoidal joints with a nominal degree of freedom (flexion/extension). The second and ...
Bursitis
They are lined with a synovial membrane that secretes a lubricating synovial fluid. There are more than 150 bursae in the human ... Bursitis is the inflammation of one or more bursae (fluid filled sacs) of synovial fluid in the body. ...
Posterior sternoclavicular ligament
It is in relation, in front, with the articular disk and synovial membranes; behind, with the Sternohyoideus and ...
Ganglion cyst
The underlying mechanism is believed to involve an outpouching of the synovial membrane. Risk factors include gymnastics. ... The microscopic anatomy of the cyst resembles that of tenosynovial tissue, the fluid being similar in composition to synovial ...
DEFB103A
2003). "Antimicrobial peptides are expressed and produced in healthy and inflamed human synovial membranes". J. Pathol. 198 (3 ... Its interaction with plasma membranes of Xenopus oocytes and the induction of macrophage chemoattraction". Cell Tissue Res. 306 ...
Intermetacarpal joints
The synovial membrane for these joints is continuous with that of the carpometacarpal joints. The bones in the hand The carpal ...
Cuboideonavicular joint
The synovial membrane of this joints is part of the great tarsal synovial membrane. Mere gliding movements are permitted ...
Cuneonavicular joint
The synovial membrane of these joints is part of the great tarsal synovial membrane. Mere gliding movements are permitted ...
Knee
The articular capsule has a synovial and a fibrous membrane separated by fatty deposits. Anteriorly, the synovial membrane is ... The joint is bathed in synovial fluid which is contained inside the synovial membrane called the joint capsule. The ... Behind, the synovial membrane is attached to the margins of the two femoral condyles which produces two extensions similar to ... The menisci are flattened at the center of the knee joint, fused with the synovial membrane laterally, and can move over the ...
Intercuneiform joints
The synovial membrane of these joints is part of the great tarsal synovial membrane. The movements permitted between these ...
Joint capsule
an inner (synovial membrane, synovial stratum) which is a secreting layer. On the inside of the capsule, articular cartilage ... Membranes[edit]. Each capsule consists of two layers or membranes: *an outer (fibrous membrane, fibrous stratum) composed of ... an outer fibrous layer or membrane, and an inner synovial layer or membrane. ... Fibrous membrane[edit]. The fibrous membrane of the joint capsule is attached to the whole circumference of the articular end ...
Lameness (equine)
It requires general anesthesia, but allows thorough visualization of the synovial membrane and articular cartilage. Treatment ... Blood and synovial fluid may be tested for pathogens in the case of infected synovial structures. Both cytology and bacterial ... Bog spavin: excessive synovial fluid in the tarsocrural joint, which leads to a large, soft, cool distention on the dorsal ... Nerve blocks involve injecting a small amount of local anesthetic around a nerve or into a synovial structure (such as a joint ...
Ligament of head of femur
It is ensheathed by the synovial membrane, and varies greatly in strength in different subjects; occasionally only the synovial ...
Tarsometatarsal joints
The synovial membrane between the first cuneiform and the first metatarsal forms a distinct sac. The synovial membrane between ... The synovial membrane between the cuboid and the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones forms a distinct sac. From it a prolongation ... is part of the great tarsal synovial membrane. Two prolongations are sent forward from it, one between the adjacent sides of ...
Popliteal artery
The middle genicular artery supplies the cruciate ligaments and the synovial membrane of knee joint. The fibular artery ...
Fibroblast-like synoviocyte
Synovial membrane is divided into two compartments - the outer layer (subintima) and the inner layer (intima). The inner layer ... The inner lining of the joint consists of the synovium (also called the synovial membrane), a thin layer located between the ... During the progression of this disease the synovial membrane becomes a place where constant inflammatory processes take place, ... Synovial hyperplasia (an increase in cell number) is a typical feature of the autoimmune disease called rheumatoid arthritis ( ...
Lyme disease
Because of their double-membrane envelope, Borrelia bacteria are often mistakenly described as Gram negative despite the ... because it is a highly sensitive way of detecting ospA DNA in synovial fluid.[116] Although sensitivity of PCR in CSF is low, ... Spirochetes are surrounded by peptidoglycan and flagella, along with an outer membrane similar to Gram-negative bacteria. ... "Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction in synovial fluid from patients with Lyme arthritis". The ...
FZD5
early endosome membrane. • membrane. • bicellular tight junction. • Golgi membrane. • plasma membrane. • cell surface. • early ... 2004). "Synovial density of frizzled 5-positive cells does not differ between patients with RA and OA and is independent of ... integral component of membrane. Biological process. • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. • T cell differentiation in ... clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane. • Golgi apparatus. • ...
নিতম্বাস্থি - উইকিপিডিয়া
ঘ্রাণজ উপঝিল্লি (Olfactory membrane). *জিহ্বা (Tongue) *স্বাদ কোরক (Taste bud). *স্বাদগ্রহণ তন্ত্র (Gustatory system) ... রসময় সন্ধি (Synovial joint). *সন্ধিবন্ধনী (Ligament). *করোটি (Skull). *করোটিকা (Cranium). *মুখমণ্ডলের অস্থিসমূহ (Facial bones) ...
CLEC5A
membrane. • cell surface. • specific granule membrane. • tertiary granule membrane. • cytosol. • plasma membrane. ... "Myeloid DAP12-associating lectin (MDL)-1 regulates synovial inflammation and bone erosion associated with autoimmune arthritis ... integral component of membrane. • integral component of plasma membrane. • ...
Sheath
Tendon sheath, a synovial membrane surrounding a tendon in, for example, the fingers ...
Human digestive system
Underlying the mucous membrane in the mouth is a thin layer of smooth muscle tissue and the loose connection to the membrane ... The mucous membrane in the mouth continues as the thin mucosa which lines the bases of the teeth. The main component of mucus ... Most of the oral cavity is lined with oral mucosa, a mucous membrane that produces a lubricating mucus, of which only a small ... Mucous membranes vary in structure in the different regions of the body but they all produce a lubricating mucus, which is ...
Chikungunya
... viral antigen and viral RNA were found in macrophages in the synovial joint of a person experiencing a relapse of ... dissociates from E2 and initiates membrane fusion that allows the release of nucleocapsids into the host cytoplasm, promoting ...
Gonorrhea
... infections of mucosal membranes can cause swelling, itching, pain, and the formation of pus.[11] The time from ... Synovial fluid should be collected in cases of septic arthritis.[34] ... Petousis-Harris, Helen (2017). "Effectiveness of a group B outer membrane vesicle meningococcal vaccine against gonorrhoea in ...
Anatomical terms of motion
Angular motions occur over synovial joints and causes them to either increase or decrease angles between bones.[1] ... Synovial membrane. *Fibrous membrane. *Synovial fluid. *Synovial bursa. *Articular disk/Meniscus. *extracapsular: Ligament ...
Pelvis
Ligaments: obturator membrane, inguinal ligament (lacunar ligament, iliopectineal arch) Alternatively, the pelvis is divided ... and synovial joints between the articular processes of the two bones. In addition to these ligaments the joint is strengthened ... within which a non-synovial cavity might be present. Two ligaments, the superior and inferior pubic ligaments, reinforce the ... providing attachment for external reproductive organs and associated muscles and membranes. The pelvic girdle consists of the ...
Dermatofibroma
membrane. *Aphthous stomatitis. *oral candidiasis. *lichen planus. *leukoplakia. *pemphigus vulgaris. *mucous membrane ...
പ്രോസ്റ്റാഗ്ലാൻഡിൻ EP3 റിസപ്റ്റർ - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
membrane. • കോശസ്തരം. • integral component of plasma membrane. • integral component of membrane. Biological process. • G- ... "Induction of IL-6 via the EP3 subtype of prostaglandin E receptor in rat adjuvant-arthritic synovial cells". Inflammation ...
Urethra
In the human female, the urethra is about 1.9 inches (4.8 cm) to 2 inches (5.1 cm) long and exits the body between the clitoris and the vagina, extending from the internal to the external urethral orifice. The meatus is located below the clitoris. It is placed behind the symphysis pubis, embedded in the anterior wall of the vagina, and its direction is obliquely downward and forward; it is slightly curved with the concavity directed forward. The proximal 2/3rds is lined by transitional epithelium cells while distal 1/3rd is lined by stratified squamous epithelium cells.[10] The urethra consists of three coats: muscular, erectile, and mucous, the muscular layer being a continuation of that of the bladder. Between the superior and inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, the female urethra is surrounded by the urethral sphincter. Somatic (conscious) innervation of the external urethral sphincter is supplied by the pudendal nerve. ...
Borrelia
B. recurrentis infects the person via mucous membranes and then invades the bloodstream. ... or synovial fluid. Two-tiered serological testing is performed for differential diagnosis of Borrelia infection. The first-tier ...
Esophagus
The human esophagus has a mucous membrane consisting of a tough stratified squamous epithelium without keratin, a smooth lamina ...
Ligamenta flava
Synovial joint. Atlanto-axial. *Medial: Cruciate ligament of atlas (Transverse ligament of atlas) ... Tectorial membrane of atlanto-axial joint. *Lateral: no ligaments. *anterior atlantoaxial ligament ...
Sensory nervous system
... a membrane potential. The three primary types of photoreceptors are: Cones are photoreceptors which respond significantly to ...
Carpal tunnel
The carpal bones that make up the wrist form an arch which is convex on the dorsal side of the hand and concave on the palmar side. The groove on the palmar side, the sulcus carpi, is covered by the flexor retinaculum, a sheath of tough connective tissue, thus forming the carpal tunnel. On the side of the radius, the flexor retinaculum is attached to the scaphoid bone, more precisely its tubercle, as well as the ridge of trapezium. On the ulnar side it is attached to the pisiform and hook of hamate.[3] The narrowest section of the tunnel is located a centimetre beyond the mid-line of the distal row of carpal bones where the sectional area is limited to 1.6 cm2.[2] The tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus pass through a common ulnar sheath, while the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus passes through a separate radial sheath. The mesotendon shared by these tendons is attached to the radial and palmar walls of the carpal tunnel.[3] Superficial to the carpal tunnel and the ...
Hyaluronic acid
It is unique among glycosaminoglycans in that it is nonsulfated, forms in the plasma membrane instead of the Golgi apparatus, ... The average molecular weight in human synovial fluid is 3-4 million Da, and hyaluronic acid purified from human umbilical cord ... Smith, MM; Ghosh, P (1987). "The synthesis of hyaluronic acid by human synovial fibroblasts is influenced by the nature of the ... Hyaluronic acid is synthesized by a class of integral membrane proteins called hyaluronan synthases, of which vertebrates have ...
Organ (anatomy)
The two terms are often used in describing a membrane or piece of connective tissue, referring to the opposing sides.[citation ...
pituitary gland
These various parts are separated by meningial membranes, suggesting that the pituitary of other vertebrates may have formed ...
Psoriatic arthritis
Enhancement of the synovial membrane at the third and fourth proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) ... inflammation of the synovial membrane; large arrows). There is joint space narrowing with bone proliferation at the third PIP ...
Sodium aurothiomalate
Less commonly, it can cause GI bleeds, dry mucous membranes and gingivitis. Rarely it can cause: aplastic anaemia, ulcerative ... I. Human plasma and synovial fluid concentration and urinary excretion of gold during and following treatment with gold sodium ... Iqbal, M. S.; Saeed, M.; Taqi, S. G. (2008). "Erythrocyte Membrane Gold Levels After Treatment with Auranofin and Sodium ...
Gram stain
The CV-I complexes are washed from the gram-negative cell along with the outer membrane.[14][citation needed] In contrast, a ... examples are cerebrospinal fluid for meningitis and synovial fluid for septic arthritis.[4][8] ... These ions penetrate through the cell wall and cell membrane of both gram-positive and gram-negative cells. The CV+. ion ... When a decolorizer such as alcohol or acetone is added, it interacts with the lipids of the cell membrane.[13] A gram-negative ...
Ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint
It consists of two portions, an anterior and posterior united by a thinner intermediate portion. Note that this ligament is also referred to as the medial collateral ligament[1] and should not be confused with the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL).[2] The anterior portion, directed obliquely forward, is attached, above, by its apex, to the front part of the medial epicondyle of the humerus; and, below, by its broad base to the medial margin of the coronoid process of the ulna. The posterior portion, also of triangular form, is attached, above, by its apex, to the lower and back part of the medial epicondyle; below, to the medial margin of the olecranon. Between these two bands a few intermediate fibers descend from the medial epicondyle to blend with a transverse band which bridges across the notch between the olecranon and the coronoid process. This ligament is in relation with the triceps brachii and flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar nerve, and gives origin to part of the flexor ...
Respiratory system
11). This process occurs by simple diffusion,[17] across a very thin membrane (known as the blood-air barrier), which forms the ... 23). Back-flow into the gill chamber during the inhalatory phase is prevented by a membrane along the ventroposterior border of ... 10). It consisting of the alveolar epithelial cells, their basement membranes and the endothelial cells of the alveolar ... Most of the respiratory system is lined with mucous membranes that contain mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, which produces ...
Lymph node
... a labyrinthine cavity bounded by an epithelium-like monolayer of fibroblastic reticular cells anchored to basement membrane- ...
Equine anatomy
As tendons pass near bony prominences, they are protected by a fluid filled synovial structure, either a tendon sheath or a sac ... which is thought to equalize air pressure on the tympanic membrane. Located between the mandibles but below the occiput, it ...
Synovial membrane | Define Synovial membrane at Dictionary.com
Synovial membrane definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it ... synovial membrane in Medicine Expand. synovial membrane n. The connective-tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a synovial ... synovial membrane in Science Expand. synovial membrane The connective-tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a joint and ... Most of the ligaments are found exterior to the synovial membrane. A Treatise on Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene (Revised ...
Great tarsal synovial membrane - Wikipedia
The great tarsal synovial membrane is a synovial membrane in the foot. The synovial membranes between the second and third, and ... that between the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones is a prolongation of the synovial membrane of the cuboideometatarsal joint. ... the third and fourth metatarsal bones are part of the great tarsal synovial membrane; ...
The thickening of basement membrane in synovial capillaries in rheumatoid arthritis | SpringerLink
... patients were used for the ultrastructural investigation of capillary cellular components and basement membranes (BM). ... Basement membranes Basement membrane thickening Synovial capillaries Rheumatoid arthritis Endothelial cells This is a preview ... Schumacher HR Jr (1975) Synovial membrane and fluid morphologic alterations in early rheumatoid arthritis. Microvascular injury ... Light and electron microscopy study of capillaries in normal and inflammatory human synovial membrane. J Clin Pathol 30:556-562 ...
Synovial Membrane | ClipArt ETC
Studies of isolated synovial living cells of rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid synovial membranes. - PubMed - NCBI
Changes in lymphocyte infiltration of the synovial membrane and the clinical course of rheumatoid arthritis. - PubMed - NCBI
Multiple samples of synovial membrane were obtained by needle biopsy from 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) before, ... Changes in lymphocyte infiltration of the synovial membrane and the clinical course of rheumatoid arthritis.. Rooney M1, Whelan ... Changes in the immunohistologic features of the synovial membrane (read blindly) were compared with the clinical course of RA ...
Intra-Articular Injection of Human Synovial Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis:...
SAT0196 Stereologic measurement of inflammatory synovial membrane volume on mr images | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Background Manual outlining of the synovial membrane on MR images in inflammatory joint diseases is too time consuming for ... Objectives The purpose was to introduce a less time-consuming stereologic method for measuring synovial volume by MRI in ... A significant correlation between manual and stereologic estimations of synovial volumes was found (Spearman rho = 0.71, P = ... Conclusion Stereologic volume estimation can provide measures of synovial volumes comparable to the manual outlining method and ...
The hostile knee environment: Synovial membrane and cartilage destruction - GetProlo.com
The synovial membrane lines the joint capsule and helps maintain synovial fluid in joints. Inflammation of the synovial ... The hostile knee environment: Synovial membrane and cartilage destruction. The synovial fluid is a thick gel-like liquid that ... suggest that knee joint instability leads to destructive alterations in the synovial membranes and cartilage. Their research ... membrane, synovitis, is found in both rheumatoid and osteoarthritis patients. Doctors use synovial fluid as a means to ...
Modulation of proinflammatory cytokine release in rheumatoid synovial membrane cell cultures. Comparison of monoclonal anti TNF...
We have previously shown that in rheumatoid synovial membrane … ... We have previously shown that in rheumatoid synovial membrane ... Modulation of proinflammatory cytokine release in rheumatoid synovial membrane cell cultures. Comparison of monoclonal anti TNF ... whereas treatment of the rheumatoid synovial membrane cells with a neutralizing concentration of the IL-1 receptor antagonist ( ...
Synovial membrane immunohistology in early untreated juvenile idiopathic arthritis: differences between clinical subgroups |...
Immunohistological examination of synovial membrane biopsies may provide further insight into early disease processes in JIA. ... Synovial membrane immunohistology in early untreated juvenile idiopathic arthritis: differences between clinical subgroups ... Synovial membrane immunohistology in early untreated juvenile idiopathic arthritis: differences between clinical subgroups ... This study of the synovial membrane characterises the immunohistochemical features in early untreated, newly diagnosed JIA and ...
Changes in the Collagen of Synovial Membrane in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Effect of d-Penicillamine | Clinical Science |...
Changes in the Collagen of Synovial Membrane in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Effect of d-Penicillamine C. R. Lovell C. R. Lovell ... C. R. Lovell, A. C. Nicholls, M. I. V. Jayson, A. J. Bailey; Changes in the Collagen of Synovial Membrane in Rheumatoid ... 1. Normal synovial membrane contains approximately equal proportions of two genetically distinct forms of collagen, types I and ... Synovial Fluid and Plasma Fibronectin Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clin Sci (Lond) (January, 1982) ...
Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi by polymerase chain reaction in synovial membrane, but not in synovial fluid from patients...
Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi by polymerase chain reaction in synovial membrane, but not in synovial fluid from patients ... in synovial membrane (SM) when PCR results from synovial fluid (SF) had become negative after antibiotic therapy.. METHODS: ... Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi by polymerase chain reaction in synovial membrane, but not in synovial fluid from patients ...
Outcome of patients with arthritis and parvovirus B19 DNA in synovial membranes - Zurich Open Repository and Archive
Outcome of patients with arthritis and parvovirus B19 DNA in synovial membranes ... Outcome of patients with arthritis and parvovirus B19 DNA in synovial membranes. Rheumatology international, 27(8):747-751. ... However, no definitive diagnosis is possible even in the presence of parvovirus B19 DNA in synovial tissue ... However, no definitive diagnosis is possible even in the presence of parvovirus B19 DNA in synovial tissue ...
Anticoagulant antibodies in the synovial membranes of patients suffering from haemophilia, rheumatoid arthritis and other...
This study has identified IgG and IgM anticoagulant antibodies in the synovial membranes of patients suffering from haemophilia ... Anticoagulant antibodies in the synovial membranes of patients suffering from haemophilia, rheumatoid arthritis and other ... Anticoagulant antibodies in the synovial membranes of patients suffering from haemophilia, rheumatoid arthritis and other ... and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but not in synovial tissues from normal subjects or in patients with other arthritides. In the ...
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) regulation of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release from rheumatoid synovial membrane -...
Results: All PDE4 inhibitors dose-dependently reduced the release of TNF alpha from primary synovial membrane cultures (n=5), ... Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) regulation of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release from rheumatoid synovial membrane ... regulation of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release from rheumatoid synovial membrane. Annals of the Rheumatic ... To date, few data have directly addressed whether synovial cytokine and chemokine production is modified by PDE4. Objective: ...
Retroviral gene transfer of an antisense construct against membrane type 1 matrix
metalloproteinase reduces the...
constructed, retroviral, matrix, invasiveness, typed, membranes, reduced, antisense, transfer, arthritis, genes, synovial, ... Expression of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase in rheumatoid synovial cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2001;126:131-6. Pap T, ... It has also been demonstrated that MT1-MMP is expressed at elevated levels in the RA synovial membrane and particularly at ... Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is expressed prominently in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs ...
Selective blockade of tumor necrosis factor receptor I inhibits proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in human...
... affects spontaneous proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in ex vivo-cultured human rheumatoid arthritis synovial ... membrane mononuclear cells (MNCs) and to compare this response to that of TNF ... factor receptor I inhibits proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane ... spontaneous proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in ex vivo-cultured human rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane ...
What Is the Function of the Synovial Membrane? (with pictures)
The main function of the synovial membrane is to act as a padding and lubricant between bones. Problems with the synovial ... The synovial membrane is found only in synovial joints, which are the most common body joints in humans. Types of synovial ... As the synovial membrane also functions as a seal to keep the fluid in the joint, a damaged membrane can result in leakage into ... When the synovial membrane is subjected to such an attack, it cannot produce sufficient synovial fluid, resulting in decreased ...
XANTHOMA OF TENDON SHEATHS AND SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES: A CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC STUDY | JAMA Surgery | JAMA Network
Owing to the histologic similarity of the synovial membrane of the tendon sheaths and that of the joints,1 it was felt that ... XANTHOMA OF TENDON SHEATHS AND SYNOVIAL MEMBRANESA CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC STUDY. Arch Surg. 1940;40(3):485-538. doi:10.1001/ ... XANTHOMA OF TENDON SHEATHS AND SYNOVIAL MEMBRANESA CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC STUDY. ...
Comparison of exosomes secreted by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells and synovial membrane-derived...
In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of exosomes secreted by synovial membrane MSCs (SMMSC-Exos) and exosomes ... Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs and synovial membrane MSCs were characterized by flow cytometry. iMSC-Exos and SMMSC ... From: Comparison of exosomes secreted by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells and synovial membrane- ...
Comparison of exosomes secreted by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells and synovial membrane-derived...
In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of exosomes secreted by synovial membrane MSCs (SMMSC-Exos) and exosomes ... Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs and synovial membrane MSCs were characterized by flow cytometry. iMSC-Exos and SMMSC ... The harvested synovial membrane specimens were kept in high-glucose DMEM at 4 °C. Within 1 h, the specimen was rinsed with ... In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of exosomes secreted by synovial membrane MSCs (SMMSC-Exos) and exosomes ...
Tumour necrosis factor activates the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38α and ERK in the synovial membrane in vivo |...
In the present study we investigated the ability of TNF to activate MAPKs in the synovial membrane in vivo. We studied human ... In vivo, overexpression of TNF induced activation of p38MAPKα and ERK in the synovial membrane, whereas activation of JNK was ... These data indicate that TNF preferentially activates p38MAPKα and ERK in synovial membrane exposed to TNF. This not only ... Activated p38MAPKα was predominantly found in synovial macrophages, whereas ERK activation was present in both synovial ...
Interleukin-6 localisation in the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis. - The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology
Sections of synovial membrane from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were stained with these antibodies, using an ... Double-staining techniques with mouse monoclonal antibodies against cell subset markers in five RA synovial membranes showed ... immunoperoxidase technique, and cells containing IL-6 were domonstrated in the thickened synovial lining layer and also in a ... Sections of synovial membrane from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were stained with these antibodies, using an ...
Synovial membrane. Causes, symptoms, treatment Synovial membrane
Treatment Synovial membrane. Symptoms and causes Synovial membrane Prophylaxis Synovial membrane ... synovial membrane - definition of synovial membrane in the .... membrane /mem·brane/ (mem´brÄ n) a thin layer of tissue that ... For More Information «Synovial membrane». *. Synovial membrane: Definition from Answers.com. A layer of connective tissue which ... Medcyclopaedia - Synovial membrane - Medcyclopaedia .... Home, library, topics, volume iii 1, s, synovial membrane ... ...
Synovial biopsy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
A synovial biopsy is the removal of a piece of tissue lining a joint for examination. The tissue is called the synovial ... Biopsy - synovial membrane; Rheumatoid arthritis - synovial biopsy; Gout - synovial biopsy; Joint infection - synovial biopsy; ... Synovial biopsy may identify the following conditions:. *Long-term (chronic) synovitis (inflammation of the synovial membrane) ... El-Gabalawy HS, Tanner S. Synovial fluid analyses, synovial biopsy, and synovial pathology. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel ...
Can you make more synovial fluid? | Reference.com
As explained by Johns Hopkins, the synovial membrane is tissue that lines the joint and seals it into... ... The synovial membrane of a synovial joint produces and maintains proper levels of synovial fluid. ... A: The different types of membranes in the human body are the meninges membrane, mucous membrane, serous membrane and synovial ... What is a synovial membrane?. A: A synovial membrane is a layer of soft connective tissue that lines tendon sheaths, movable ...
The Major Synovial Targets of the Rheumatoid Arthritis-Specific Antifilaggrin Autoantibodies Are Deiminated Forms of the α- and...
... present in the rheumatoid synovial membranes.. Sequential extractions of synovial membranes from RA patients using increasingly ... To biochemically characterize the deiminated proteins of the RA synovial membranes, fragments of synovial tissue from four RA ... Fibrin and fibronectin in rheumatoid synovial membrane and rheumatoid synovial fluid. Arthritis Rheum. 31: 479. ... their ratio to global IgG is increased in the synovial membrane interstitium with regard to the serum or the synovial fluid, ...
Acute joint pathology and synovial inflammation is associated with increased intra-articular fracture severity in the mouse knee
Synovial Membrane / pathology* Substances * Biomarkers * Cytokines Grant support * R01 AR048852-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United ... Acute joint pathology and synovial inflammation is associated with increased intra-articular fracture severity in the mouse ... The acute effect of articular fracture severity on synovial inflammation, bone morphology, liberated fracture area, cartilage ... including synovial inflammation, cortical comminution, and bone morphology. Further characterization of the early events ...
OsteoarthritisCartilageJointsSynovitisMucousTissuesTendon sheathsSheathsBasement membraneArthritisHyaluronic acidFibroblastsSynoviumFibrousBursaeMesenchymalConnectiveAmount of synovial fluidCases of synovial chondromatosisChondromatosis of the temporomandibularInflammatoryHistologicalCollagenCavityCytokine and chemokine productionThickened synovial lininTissue that linesExpression in synovialRheumatoid synovial tissueCellsEndothelialBiopsySecretesBoneKnee jointEpiretinal membraneProliferationTendonsSerumPrimary synovialLubricatesBiopsiesProinflammatory cytokineLigamentsAbstractAlveolar-capillaryCapillaryLigamentOsteoarthriticVascularMSCsBenignDiagnosisCystsFetal
Osteoarthritis17
- Inflammation of the synovial membrane, synovitis, is found in both rheumatoid and osteoarthritis patients. (getprolo.com)
- Doctors at the University of Calgary, publishing in the medical journal Osteoarthritis and Cartilage , suggest that knee joint instability leads to destructive alterations in the synovial membranes and cartilage. (getprolo.com)
- New research is out testing the theory that synovial inflammation of the knee is a main and unrecognized player is the development of knee osteoarthritis. (getprolo.com)
- Approximately after the 2nd PRP injection, significant decreases in synovial fluid total protein concentrations and volumes (signifying a decrease in inflammation), and Lequesne index values (this is a value given to measure the severity of knee osteoarthritis) were observed. (getprolo.com)
- Doctors at the University of Toronto tested the effects of stem cell in early and late-stage knee osteoarthritis by measuring the stem cell cytokine secretion (small proteins which initiate healing and rebuilding of damaged tissue) after it was exposed to arthritic synovial fluid obtained from early- vs late-stage knee osteoarthritis patients. (getprolo.com)
- Comparative study of the synovial histology in rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathy and osteoarthritis: influence of disease duration and activity. (springer.com)
- Reference : Expression of specific pathways in the inflamed synovial membrane of osteoarthritis p. (uliege.be)
- The synovial membrane in osteoarthritis (OA) often exhibits inflammatory infiltrates, but the role of T cells in these infiltrates is not known. (nu7026.com)
- Objective To observe the effect of advanced oxidation protein products ( AOPPs ) on articular and synovial in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA). (bvsalud.org)
- [email protected]#To study role of TLR4/NF-κB pathway for early change of synovial membrane in knee osteoarthritis rats. (bvsalud.org)
- TGF-beta 1 was also detected in the synovial membrane sections from 4/4 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus/mixed connective tissue disease and 5/8 patients with osteoarthritis, in a similar distribution to that seen in RA, and in the lining layer of 1/7 normal synovial membranes. (ox.ac.uk)
- The most common symptoms of synovial chondromatosis are similar to those of osteoarthritis. (aaos.org)
- It is important to seek treatment for synovial chondromatosis as early as possible to help relieve painful symptoms and prevent the progression of osteoarthritis in the joint. (aaos.org)
- Imaging studies will also help your doctor differentiate synovial chondromatosis from osteoarthritis. (aaos.org)
- Synovial Joint Arthritis (Osteoarthritis). (smartimagebase.com)
- Intermediate fibronectin levels were found in synovial fluid from six patients with psoriatic arthritis, eight patients with osteoarthritis and seven with seronegative arthritis. (portlandpress.com)
- Other synovial fluid findings that aid in the differentiation of osteoarthritis from other conditions are negative Gram stains and cultures, as well as the absence of crystals when fluid is viewed under a polarized microscope. (medscape.com)
Cartilage20
- The principal structures which unite in the formation of a joint are: bone, cartilage, synovial membrane , and ligaments. (dictionary.com)
- Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is expressed prominently in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), but the specific contribution of MT1-MMP to fibroblastmediated destruction of articular cartilage is incompletely understood. (docme.ru)
- Within the joint capsule, synovial fluid, produced by the synovial membrane, lubricates the ends of the bones and the cartilage between them. (wisegeekhealth.com)
- If the leakage is too great, or the synovial membrane is damaged too severely, the cartilage in the joint may not receive an adequate supply of blood and other nutrients. (wisegeekhealth.com)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are progenitor cells of mesodermal lineages that are present in different tissues such as the fat pads and the bone marrow (BM) but also in the cartilage and the synovial membrane (SM). (biomedcentral.com)
- The articular cartilage soaks up synovial fluid like a sponge, explains Dr. Joseph M. Mansour. (reference.com)
- The fluid in articular cartilage effectively acts as a reserve of synovial fluid. (reference.com)
- During movement, synovial fluid is squeezed out mechanically, maintaining a level of fluid in the joint cavity and on the cartilage surface. (reference.com)
- In this study, we investigated the altered tissue balance of cartilage, synovial membrane, and connective tissue in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
- Synovial fluid (LS) is produced by the synovial membrane, which lubricates the articular surface of the joint and provides nutrients to the articular cartilage. (scopeheal.com)
- Synovial macrophages are positioned throughout the sub-lining layer and lining layer at the cartilage-pannus junction and mediate articular destruction. (frontiersin.org)
- Articular cartilage is said to contain no hyaluronic acid, and the sulphated mucopolysaccharide it does contain is not found in appreciable quantity in synovial fluid. (nature.com)
- OBJECTIVE: A hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is invasion of the synovial pannus into cartilage, and this process requires degradation of the collagen matrix. (ox.ac.uk)
- Synovial fibroblasts also invaded into cartilage in an MT1-MMP-dependent manner. (ox.ac.uk)
- Enhanced TIMP-4 gene expression in OA synovial membranes and cartilage may be due to induction by TGF-β1, OSM and IL-17, suggesting its pathophysiological role in tissue remodeling in human joints. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
- Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in rheumatoid synovial membrane and cartilage/pannus junction. (ox.ac.uk)
- Using immunohistochemical techniques with rabbit F(ab')2 antibodies raised against recombinant human TGF-beta 1, we have detected TGF-beta 1 in the synovial tissue and cartilage/pannus junction (CPJ) from 18/18 patients with RA. (ox.ac.uk)
- In synovial chondromatosis, the synovium grows abnormally and produces nodules made of cartilage. (aaos.org)
- [3] White hyaline cartilage on the ends of the bones (called articular cartilage) allows the bones to glide and move on each other, and the joint space is surrounded by a synovial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- [ 2 ] It can be thought of as a degenerative disorder arising from the biochemical breakdown of articular (hyaline) cartilage in the synovial joints. (medscape.com)
Joints28
- This is a constitutional inflammatory affection of the joints, affecting the fibrous tissue and serous, or synovial membrane . (dictionary.com)
- The synovial membrane lines the joint capsule and helps maintain synovial fluid in joints. (getprolo.com)
- The synovial membrane is found only in synovial joints, which are the most common body joints in humans. (wisegeekhealth.com)
- Although some synovial joints have a greater range of motion than others do, they are all able to move to some degree. (wisegeekhealth.com)
- As their structure is representative of all synovial joints, an explanation of the structure of knees may be helpful. (wisegeekhealth.com)
- Owing to the histologic similarity of the synovial membrane of the tendon sheaths and that of the joints, 1 it was felt that growths involving both these structures should be considered. (jamanetwork.com)
- A synovial membrane is a layer of soft connective tissue that lines tendon sheaths, movable joints, and bursae, the fluid-filled sacs between tendons and b. (reference.com)
- Evaluation of in vitro growth factor treatments on fibrochondrogenesis by synovial membrane cells from osteoarthritic and nonosteoarthritic joints of dogs. (oregonstate.edu)
- To determine the in vitro effects of selected growth factors on fibrochondrogenesis by synovial membrane cells from nonosteoarthritic (normal) and osteoarthritic joints of dogs. (oregonstate.edu)
- A layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae and makes synovial fluid, which has a lubricating function. (drugline.org)
- What is the structure of synovial joints? (brainscape.com)
- Any additional features of Synovial Joints? (brainscape.com)
- Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease affecting the extracellular matrix of especially synovial joints. (biomedcentral.com)
- This indicates unbalanced turnover of the surrounding tissues of the synovial joints, leading to increased pain and degeneration of the synovial joints. (biomedcentral.com)
- To investigate the stability over 2 weeks of ultrasonographic assessments of synovial thickness and vascularity in all 10 metacarpophalangeal joints of subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with a range of disease activities as measured by the validated Disease Activity Score-28 joint score (DAS28-ESR). (jrheum.org)
- High-frequency (grey-scale) ultrasonography (HFUS) can reproducibly delineate synovial thickening in small joints of the hands in patients with active RA, but the analysis of such images does not necessarily demonstrate a clear relationship with clinical assessments of disease activity 4 . (jrheum.org)
- In turn, the synovial vascular signal on PD is closely correlated with the rates of early synovial enhancement, calculated from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI on the same day, in RA metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints 11 , 12 . (jrheum.org)
- PDUS signal intensity in rheumatoid knee joints has been compared directly with histological assessment of synovial membrane microvascular density 13 and it correlated well. (jrheum.org)
- Microarchitecture and protective mechanisms in synovial tissue from clinically and arthroscopically normal knee joints. (semanticscholar.org)
- Synovial chondromatosis (also called synovial osteochondromatosis) is a rare, benign (noncancerous) condition that involves the synovium, which is the thin layer of tissue that lines the joints. (aaos.org)
- We tried to establish the culture synovial celllines from the internalderangement of TMJ.At first, we tried just the same method as the synovial cell culture method on knee joint by Dayr JC.With this method, in the end of the screening the synovial tissue materials, the number of rest of synoviocytes was very little and it's activity was not so hight as synoviocytes of rheumatism arthritis on knee joints. (nii.ac.jp)
- Neoplasms of the synovium are uncommon and can involve the synovial lining of joints, bursae, and tendons. (orthogate.org)
- The synovium is a thin membrane that lines the inner surfaces of joints. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- This membrane produces synovial fluid, which helps lubricate and protect joints from wear and tear. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- However, more than 90 percent of synovial cysts affect the facet joints of the lumbar spine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Synovial cysts develop on the spine when the facet joints degenerate and produce excess synovial fluid. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In these people, the facet joints may degenerate at a faster rate, producing synovial cysts. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- This form of arthritis targets the synovial membrane, the tissue that lines joints. (healthcentral.com)
Synovitis4
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rates of early synovial enhancement after injection of gadolinium have been shown to correlate closely with the histological grade of synovitis 9 , 10 . (jrheum.org)
- Objective: To define the expression and pattern of the synovial distribution of adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and of TNFα and TNFβ cytokines in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), according to the synovitis duration. (reumatismo.org)
- 7. Jaffe HL, Lichtenstein L, Sutro CJ: Pigmented villonodular synovitis, bursitis, and tenosynovitis: A discussion of the synovial and bursal equivalents of the tenosynovial lesion commonly denoted as xanthoma, xanthogranuloma, giant cell tumor or myeloplaxoma of the tendon sheath, with some consideration of this tendon sheath lesion itself. (orthogate.org)
- joint (the synovial membrane) is referred to as synovitis. (britannica.com)
Mucous5
- The different types of membranes in the human body are the meninges membrane, mucous membrane, serous membrane and synovial membrane. (reference.com)
- The fibrinous false membrane on the mucous surfaces in diphtheria. (tabers.com)
- A membrane of fibrinous exudate on a mucous surface of a membrane, as in croup or diphtheria. (tabers.com)
- impaired oral mucous membrane a nursing diagnosis approved by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, defined as disruptions of the lips and soft tissue of the oral cavity. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Changes in the integrity and health of the oral mucous membrane can occur as a characteristic of such medical disorders as periodontal disease, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, oral cancer, and infection with herpes. (thefreedictionary.com)
Tissues11
- Synovial tissues from seven rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were used for the ultrastructural investigation of capillary cellular components and basement membranes (BM). (springer.com)
- This study has identified IgG and IgM anticoagulant antibodies in the synovial membranes of patients suffering from haemophilia and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but not in synovial tissues from normal subjects or in patients with other arthritides. (bmj.com)
- The thickness of the synovial membrane increases and surrounding tissue degrades, leading to altered collagen balance in the tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
- The synovial membrane is composed of adipose and fibrous tissue, they have a smooth non-adherent surface that allows easy movement between tissues. (scopeheal.com)
- The presence of the SYT-SSX fusion transcript enables specific and sensitive molecular diagnosis of synovial sarcoma, being detectable in almost all synovial sarcoma tissues [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) converting enzyme contributes to production of TNF-alpha in synovial tissues from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (semanticscholar.org)
- A two-part extracellular membrane found at the interface between some tissues, e.g., skin and dermis. (tabers.com)
- MSCs can be obtained from several tissues including bone marrow, synovial membrane, blood, adipose tissue and periosteum. (cellbiopharm.com)
- In severe cases of synovial chondromatosis, the loose bodies may grow large enough to occupy the entire joint space or penetrate into adjacent tissues. (aaos.org)
- The other hand, on the hyperplastic synovial tissues in these disease m-RNA production could be recognized with in-situ-hybridization. (nii.ac.jp)
- Septic arthritis is an infection in the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissues. (stlouischildrens.org)
Tendon sheaths1
- The text describes the neoplasms of synovial membrane and tendon sheaths. (elsevier.com)
Sheaths1
- The opposed surfaces are lined with synovial membrane , the secretion from which oils the sheaths in which the tendons move. (dictionary.com)
Basement membrane6
- Kanwar YS, Farquhar MG (1979) Presence of heparan sulfate in the glomerular basement membrane. (springer.com)
- Ashworth CT, Erdmann RR, Arnold NJ (1960) Age changes in the renal basement membrane in rats. (springer.com)
- Kilo C, Vogler N, Williamson JR (1972) Muscle capillary basement membrane changes related to aging and to diabetes mellitus. (springer.com)
- The proportion of these two collagens is unchanged in rheumatoid synovium but in addition a small amount of basement membrane collagen is present. (portlandpress.com)
- The basement membrane is made of a basal lamina along the cell surfaces, coated by a stronger collagen-rich layer (reticular lamina). (tabers.com)
- Bowman's membrane a thin layer of basement membrane between the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea. (thefreedictionary.com)
Arthritis33
- Schumacher HR Jr (1975) Synovial membrane and fluid morphologic alterations in early rheumatoid arthritis. (springer.com)
- Simmling-Annefeld M, Fassbender HG (1979) Transformation of the capillary wall elements in synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis. (springer.com)
- Changes in lymphocyte infiltration of the synovial membrane and the clinical course of rheumatoid arthritis. (nih.gov)
- Multiple samples of synovial membrane were obtained by needle biopsy from 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) before, and 1 year after, standard antirheumatic drug therapy was given. (nih.gov)
- To evaluate the synovial membrane volume, determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as a marker of joint disease activity and a predictor of progressive joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (nih.gov)
- The mode of action of d-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis does not appear to involve a direct effect on the synovial membrane collagen. (portlandpress.com)
- To investigate the follow-up of the 17 patients during the period of 1995-2001 of the outpatient Clinic for Rheumatology at the University Hospital of Zurich with arthritis and the presence of parvovirus B19 DNA demonstrated by PCR in synovial biopsies. (uzh.ch)
- Seventeen patients of 163 with arthritis, which were routinely examined by needle arthroscopy during 1995-2001 with a positive parvovirus B19 DNA by PCR of synovial biopsy were reevaluated. (uzh.ch)
- The presence of parvovirus B19 DNA in synovial tissue of patients with joint inflammation does not allow the diagnosis of parvovirus induced arthritis. (uzh.ch)
- Anticoagulant antibodies in the synovial membranes of patients suffering from haemophilia, rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic disorders. (bmj.com)
- Objective: Using specific PDE4 inhibitors, roflumilast plus two novel inhibitors, INH 0061 and INH 0062, the authors studied the effect of PDE4 inhibition on proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release from primary rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial digest suspensions and in a macrophage T cell co-culture assay system. (gla.ac.uk)
- Retroviral gene transfer of an antisense construct against membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase reduces the invasiveness of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. (docme.ru)
- Selective blockade of tumor necrosis factor receptor I inhibits proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane cell cultures. (ox.ac.uk)
- OBJECTIVE: To determine whether selective blockade of tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFRI) affects spontaneous proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in ex vivo-cultured human rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane mononuclear cells (MNCs) and to compare this response to that of TNF ligand blockade using etanercept. (ox.ac.uk)
- Interleukin-6 localisation in the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis. (ox.ac.uk)
- Sections of synovial membrane from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were stained with these antibodies, using an immunoperoxidase technique, and cells containing IL-6 were domonstrated in the thickened synovial lining layer and also in a perivascular distribution in the deeper synovium. (ox.ac.uk)
- Synovial histopathology of psoriatic arthritis, both oligo-and polyarticular, resembles spondyloarthropathy more than it does rheumatoid arthritis. (springer.com)
- Analysis of the cellular infiltrates and expression of cytokines in synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and reactive arthritis. (springer.com)
- Detailed analysis of the cell infiltrate and the expression of mediators of synovial inflammation and joint destruction in the synovium of patients with psoriatic arthritis: implications for treatment. (springer.com)
- Diagnostic usefulness of synovial vascular morphology in chronic arthritis. (springer.com)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 4 is characterized by the persistent accumulation of T cells within the synovial compartment ( 1 , 2 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Tumor necrosis factor-inhibiting therapy preferentially targets bone destruction but not synovial inflammation in a tumor necrosis factor-driven model of rheumatoid arthritis. (biomedsearch.com)
- In the hTNF-transgenic mouse model of destructive arthritis, low-dose TNF-inhibiting therapy with adalimumab had no effect on synovial inflammation but significantly inhibited local bone destruction and the generation of osteoclasts. (biomedsearch.com)
- Detection of tumor necrosis factor a but not tumor necrosis factor $\beta$ in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid and serum. (koreascience.or.kr)
- A decreased amount of glucose in the synovial fluid can be associated with joint diseases, especially septic and immune-mediated arthritis. (scopeheal.com)
- Synovial membranes are subject to diseases and injuries and are the main target in rheumatoid arthritis. (scopeheal.com)
- Fibrin deimination in synovial tissue is not specific for rheumatoid arthritis but commonly occurs during synovitides. (semanticscholar.org)
- Determination of the synovial membrane volume in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) wrist by gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced MRI is introduced. (ku.dk)
- Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase is a crucial promoter of synovial invasion in human rheumatoid arthritis. (ox.ac.uk)
- Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and destructive joint disease characterized by overexpression of pro-inflammatory/pro-destructive genes and other activating genes (for example, proto-oncogenes) in the synovial membrane (SM). (exlibrisgroup.com)
- This membrane of granulated tissue forms most often as a result of rheumatoid arthritis, in which the condition is called a rheumatoid pannus . (upmc.com)
- 5. These findings suggest that there is local production of fibronectin by the synovium and suggest that measurement of fibronectin levels in the synovial fluid may serve as an indicator of the tissue response to rheumatoid arthritis. (portlandpress.com)
- Synovial cysts are more common in older adults and people with joint conditions such as arthritis . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Hyaluronic acid4
- The synovial fluid is composed mainly of hyaluronic acid, glycoproteins and transudate capillaries within the synovial membrane. (scopeheal.com)
- Hyaluronic acid is a major component of synovial fluid that coats and lubricates joint surfaces to reduce friction between bones during movement. (platinumperformance.com)
- JOINT synovial fluid is considered to be a dialysate of blood with added mucin, which consists of hyaluronic acid 1 . (nature.com)
- [ 4 ] The latter theory postulated that local tissue trauma or irritation causes production of hyaluronic acid at the synovial-capsular interface. (medscape.com)
Fibroblasts3
- Macrophages (Mɸ) are one of the resident cell types in synovial tissue, along with fibroblasts. (frontiersin.org)
- Synovial membrane is not lined by an epithelium, but is composed of fine, compact connective tissue of variable cellularity 2 , the cells being indistinguishable from fibroblasts by electron microscopy 3 . (nature.com)
- Freshly isolated rheumatoid synovial tissue and isolated RA synovial fibroblasts invaded into a 3-D collagen matrix in an MT1-MMP-dependent manner. (ox.ac.uk)
Synovium3
- These results suggest that the persistent induction of CXCR4 on synovial T cells by TGF-β1 leads to their active, SDF-1-mediated retention in a perivascular distribution within the rheumatoid synovium. (jimmunol.org)
- These observations led us to propose that failure of synovial T cell apoptosis coupled to enhanced recruitment leads to accumulation of these cells within the rheumatoid synovium ( 5 ). (jimmunol.org)
- The undersurface of the joint capsule is lined by a thin membrane called the synovium . (aaos.org)
Fibrous8
- Definition: The synovial membrane (MS) covers the internal surface of the fibrous joint capsule and only 4 deep cells. (scopeheal.com)
- The other membrane is the outer fibrous tendon sheath. (wikipedia.org)
- This observation probably reflects that HFUS identifies synovial thickening without differentiating actively inflamed or fibrous tissue. (jrheum.org)
- 1. a membrane between the outer root sheath and inner fibrous layer of a hair follicle. (thefreedictionary.com)
- hyoglossal membrane a fibrous lamina connecting the undersurface of the tongue with the hyoid bone. (thefreedictionary.com)
- G, Histologic section of the synovial membrane shows a partial transformation from the fibrous connective tissue to the cartilaginous tissue, or chondrometaplasia (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification × 300). (ajnr.org)
- [1] Each joint capsule has two parts: an outer fibrous layer or membrane, and an inner synovial layer or membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- The fibrous membrane of the joint capsule is attached to the whole circumference of the articular end of each bone entering into the joint, and thus entirely surrounds the articulation. (wikipedia.org)
Bursae1
- These complaints are often caused by the excessive amount of synovial fluid accumulated in the bursae around the knee joint. (getprolo.com)
Mesenchymal2
- 2 Gómez-Aristizábal A, Sharma A, Bakooshli MA, Kapoor M, Gilbert PM, Viswanathan S, Gandhi R. Stage-specific differences in secretory profile of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) subjected to early- vs late-stage OA synovial fluid. (getprolo.com)
- Culture of mesenchymal stem cells derived from equine synovial membrane in alginate hydrogel microcapsules. (biomedcentral.com)
Connective2
- The connective-tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a synovial joint and produces the synovial fluid. (dictionary.com)
- Any of several membranes formed of elastic connective tissue fibers. (tabers.com)
Amount of synovial fluid1
- it contains a small amount of synovial fluid. (drugs.com)
Cases of synovial chondromatosis1
- Summary: Two cases of synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are presented, including correlation of CT and MR imaging characteristics with surgical and pathologic findings. (ajnr.org)
Chondromatosis of the temporomandibular1
- Publications] Shigeyuki Fujita: 'Transforming growth factor and tenascin in synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint' Int.J.Oral Maxillofac Surg. (nii.ac.jp)
Inflammatory10
- Dryll A, Lansaman J, Cazalis P, Peltier AP, DeSeze S (1977) Light and electron microscopy study of capillaries in normal and inflammatory human synovial membrane. (springer.com)
- Background Manual outlining of the synovial membrane on MR images in inflammatory joint diseases is too time consuming for clinical use. (bmj.com)
- Objectives The purpose was to introduce a less time-consuming stereologic method for measuring synovial volume by MRI in inflammatory joint diseases. (bmj.com)
- We have previously shown that in rheumatoid synovial membrane cultures, a complex, but pathophysiologically relevant mixture of cells, the addition of a neutralizing anti TNF-alpha antibody inhibits the production of IL-1 and GM-CSF, indicating the presence of a cytokine 'cascade' in this inflammatory tissue. (nih.gov)
- Conclusion: These data provide direct evidence of PDE4-dependent pathways in human RA synovial inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release and may provide a novel approach in treating chronic autoimmune conditions such as RA. (gla.ac.uk)
- Synovial macrophages are one of the resident cell types in synovial tissue and while they remain relatively quiescent in the healthy joint, they become activated in the inflamed joint and, along with infiltrating monocytes/macrophages, regulate secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes involved in driving the inflammatory response and joint destruction. (frontiersin.org)
- Whereas inflammatory synovial macrophages have not yet been classified into one phenotype or another it is widely known that TNFα and IL-l, characteristically released by M1 macrophages, are abundant in RA while IL-10 activity, characteristic of M2 macrophages, is somewhat diminished. (frontiersin.org)
- Nevertheless, in addition to the fairly rare kind of erosive inflammatory OA which obviously shows a solid inflammatory component, specific sufferers with OA display inflammatory infiltrates in the synovial membrane (SM) (15, buy TG-101348 17, 23, 28). (nu7026.com)
- Since simvastatin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects in RA patients and TLR8 signalling contributes to TNF production in human RA synovial tissue in culture, simvastatin was tested in these cultures. (sussex.ac.uk)
- 3. Plasma and synovial fluid fibronectin levels were not related to indices of inflammatory activity such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the Ritchie articular index or synovial fluid cell counts. (portlandpress.com)
Histological2
- Histological analysis of rheumatoid synovial membranes with an Ab to citrulline showed labeling of interstitial amorphous deposits and mononuclear cells of various types. (jimmunol.org)
- These results add to histological evidence confirming that TGF-beta 1 is present in RA synovial cells and those from other arthritides. (ox.ac.uk)
Collagen4
- Wick G, Honigsmann H, Timpl R (1979) Immunofluorescence demonstration of type IV collagen and a noncollagenous glycoprotein in thickened vascular basal membranes in protoporphyria. (springer.com)
- 1. Normal synovial membrane contains approximately equal proportions of two genetically distinct forms of collagen, types I and III. (portlandpress.com)
- It comprises two layers, the basal lamina and the reticular lamina , and is composed of Type IV collagen (which is unique to basement membranes), laminin, fibronectin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The aim of this study was to explore the role of one of the collagen-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP), in synovial pannus invasiveness. (ox.ac.uk)
Cavity4
- The ingrowth of synovial membrane may fill up the cavity of the joint, or may divide it up into compartments. (dictionary.com)
- membrane /mem·brane/ (mem´brÄ n) a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ. (drugline.org)
- The synovial membrane has the function of providing joint lubrication, limiting friction and cleaning the joint cavity, determining what can enter the joint cavity and which must remain outside. (scopeheal.com)
- In the embryo, the membrane that separates the oral cavity from the foregut until the fourth week of development. (tabers.com)
Cytokine and chemokine production1
- To date, few data have directly addressed whether synovial cytokine and chemokine production is modified by PDE4. (gla.ac.uk)
Thickened synovial linin1
- TGF-beta 1 was found predominantly in the thickened synovial lining layer in RA, but also detected in a perivascular pattern in the synovial interstitium as well as in occasional cells in the lymphoid aggregates. (ox.ac.uk)
Tissue that lines2
- As explained by Johns Hopkins, the synovial membrane is tissue that lines the joint and seals it into a joint capsule. (reference.com)
- The synovial membrane is the inner membrane of tissue that lines a joint. (medlineplus.gov)
Expression in synovial1
- Measurement of cytokine and adhesion molecule expression in synovial tissue by digital image analysis. (semanticscholar.org)
Rheumatoid synovial tissue1
- Expression of the activation antigen CD97 and its ligand CD55 in rheumatoid synovial tissue. (semanticscholar.org)
Cells33
- Studies of isolated synovial living cells of rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid synovial membranes. (nih.gov)
- Following exposure to the osteoarthritic synovial fluid and a three day culture period, the stem cells secreted proteins involved in tissue repair, angiogenesis (development of new blood vessels), chemotaxis (migration of cells to the injured tissue), matrix remodeling (wound healing) and the clotting process. (getprolo.com)
- The cytokine interactions are unidirectional, in that neutralization of TNF-alpha reduced IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 production, whereas treatment of the rheumatoid synovial membrane cells with a neutralizing concentration of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) reduced IL-6 and IL-8 production but not TNF-alpha production. (nih.gov)
- Double-staining techniques with mouse monoclonal antibodies against cell subset markers in five RA synovial membranes showed that up to 13% of T-cells and 19% of antibody-producing cells stained for IL-6. (ox.ac.uk)
- Infiltration of the synovival membrane with macrophage subsets and polymorphonuclear cells reflects global disease activity in spondyloarthropathy. (springer.com)
- We show that synovial T cells, which are primed CD45RO + CD45RB dull cells and consequently not expected to express constitutive chemokine receptors, have high levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. (jimmunol.org)
- Sustained expression of CXCR4 was maintained on synovial T cells by specific factors present within the synovial microenvironment. (jimmunol.org)
- We found SDF-1 on synovial endothelial cells and showed that SDF-1 was able to induce strong integrin-mediated adhesion of synovial fluid T cells to fibronectin and ICAM-1, confirming that CXCR4 expressed on synovial T cells was functional. (jimmunol.org)
- Synovial T cells are highly differentiated and are almost exclusively of the primed CD45RO + CD45RB dull phenotype ( 3 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Synovial T cells synthesize few cytokines at very low levels and respond poorly to stimulation in vitro ( 2 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Rheumatoid synovial T cells are highly susceptible to apoptosis in vitro, which reflects their advanced state of differentiation ( 4 ). (jimmunol.org)
- This inhibition was accompanied by a reduction in the number of c-Fms-positive osteoclast precursor cells in the bone marrow and a reduction of the osteoclast precursor pools in the blood and inflamed synovial membrane of hTNF-transgenic mice. (biomedsearch.com)
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Effects of Trachelospermum caulis extract on SNP-induced infla mMatory responses in rabbit HIG-82 synovial membrane cells. (koreascience.or.kr)
- Methods Anti-infla mMatory effects of the extract of Trachelospermum caulis were investigated using rabbit HIG-82 synovial membrane cells. (koreascience.or.kr)
- Results The aqueous extract of Trachelospermum caulis exerted cytotoxicity and suppressed PGE2 synthesis and NO production in rabbit HIG-82 synovial membrane cells. (koreascience.or.kr)
- The aqueous extract of Trachelospermum caulis also inhibited the SNP-induced expressions of COX-2, iNOS, and TNF- $\alpha$ in rabbit HIG-82 synovial membrane cells. (koreascience.or.kr)
- Conclusions These results showed that the extract of Trachelospermum caulis exerts the anti-infla mMatory effect by suppressing COX-2, iNOS, and TNF- $\alpha$ expressions in the synovial membrane cells. (koreascience.or.kr)
- Microvesicle release of synovial sarcoma cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy. (hindawi.com)
- Whole blood RNA, RNA of mononuclear cells, and microvesicle RNA of synovial sarcoma patients were analyzed for the presence of the fusion gene transcripts. (hindawi.com)
- Electron microscopic analysis revealed synovial sarcoma cells releasing membrane-enclosed microvesicles. (hindawi.com)
- In vitro , the SYT-SSX fusion gene transcript was detected in both synovial sarcoma cells and microvesicles. (hindawi.com)
- In contrast, the fusion gene transcript was not detected in peripheral blood cells and microvesicles of synovial sarcoma patients. (hindawi.com)
- Synovial sarcoma cells release microvesicles harboring the SYT-SSX fusion transcript. (hindawi.com)
- This fusion transcript competes for assembly with wild-type SS18, forming an altered complex lacking the tumor suppressor BAF47 (hSNF5), resulting in Sox2 activation and leading to proliferation of synovial sarcoma tumor cells [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Interestingly, while expression of the SYT-SSX2 oncoprotein leads to induction of synovial sarcoma with 100% penetrance in immature myoblasts, its expression in more differentiated cells induces myopathy without tumor induction in a mouse model [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Synovial membranes that indicated IL-2 and IFN- transcripts were more likely to have heavier infiltrations of T cells and cells bearing activation markers than synovial membranes that did not communicate these cytokines. (nu7026.com)
- Although bone marrow is considered a good and acceptable source of stem cells, the synovial membrane and its fluid are tissue-specific, which leads to a chondrogenic and expansion potential greater than other sources. (beds.ac.uk)
- The arachnoid membrane is 5-6 cells thick. (tabers.com)
- It may be primary (formed by egg itself, as in vitelline membrane), secondary (formed by follicle cells, as in zona pellucida), or tertiary (formed by oviduct or uterus, as in albumin and shell of hen's egg). (tabers.com)
- A membrane formed from excessive proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells and extracellular proteins on the retinal surface. (tabers.com)
- METHODS: The expression and localization of MT1-MMP in human RA pannus were investigated by Western blot analysis of primary synovial cells and immunohistochemical analysis of RA joint specimens. (ox.ac.uk)
- The cells staining for TGF-beta 1 were identified by double immunofluorescence staining as being from the monocyte/macrophage series as well as the type B synovial lining cells. (ox.ac.uk)
- The distributions of TGF-beta 1 in RA synovial membrane reflects its known actions, as it can be detected at the CPJ, where it could induce repair, and close to activated cells upon which it may exert an immunosuppressive action. (ox.ac.uk)
Endothelial1
- it is a thin hyaline membrane between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea. (thefreedictionary.com)
Biopsy4
- A synovial biopsy is the removal of a piece of tissue lining a joint for examination. (medlineplus.gov)
- Synovial biopsy helps diagnose gout and bacterial infections, or rule out other infections. (medlineplus.gov)
- Synovial fluid analyses, synovial biopsy, and synovial pathology. (floridahealthfinder.gov)
- Technical validation of cDNA based microarray as screening technique to identify candidate genes in synovial tissue biopsy specimens from patients with spondyloarthropathy. (semanticscholar.org)
Secretes3
- It is a tissue that acts as a cushion, but more importantly, the membrane secretes a lubricant that allows the two bones to move freely against each other. (wisegeekhealth.com)
- The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid which serves to lubricate the joint. (medlineplus.gov)
- The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid (a clear, sticky fluid) around the joint to lubricate it. (rochester.edu)
Bone4
- Conversely, disease in the synovial membrane may spread to the bone in relation to it. (dictionary.com)
- Bone erosion (by MRI and radiography) and synovial membrane volumes (by MRI) were assessed. (nih.gov)
- The synovial fluid nourishes the loose bodies and they may grow, calcify (harden), or ossify (turn into bone). (aaos.org)
- This tissue will spread from the synovial membrane, causing considerable destruction as it invades the subchondral bone. (upmc.com)
Knee joint2
- The knee joint is the most common location for synovial chondromatosis. (aaos.org)
- 6. Moon NF: Synovial hemangioma of the knee joint: A review of previously reported cases and inclusion of two new cases. (orthogate.org)
Epiretinal membrane2
- What is an epiretinal membrane? (reference.com)
- An epiretinal membrane is a thin sheet of tissue that can grow on the macula, according to the Eye Institute. (reference.com)
Proliferation2
- The volume is related to clinical signs of inflammation, but may also give information about the cumulated synovial proliferation in the joint. (ku.dk)
- The aim of this study was to determine the differentiation, characterization and proliferation of synovial membrane-derived MSCs (SM-MSCs). (cellbiopharm.com)
Tendons1
- An example is the common synovial sheath for the flexor tendons of the hand. (wikipedia.org)
Serum3
- The synovial membrane is thickened and there is an exudation of serum. (dictionary.com)
- Synovial tissue and serum was extracted at 4 and 21 d after operation. (bvsalud.org)
- after that, we found that DMEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (BSA) was best to culture TMJ synovial cell. (nii.ac.jp)
Primary synovial1
- 11. McCarthy EF, Dorfman HD: Primary synovial chondromatosis: An ultrastructural study. (orthogate.org)
Lubricates1
- Ortho-Chon® HA is a potent joint support formula that also helps maintain the synovial fluid that lubricates. (platinumperformance.com)
Biopsies1
- Synovial biopsies. (medlineplus.gov)
Proinflammatory cytokine1
- Modulation of proinflammatory cytokine release in rheumatoid synovial membrane cell cultures. (nih.gov)
Ligaments2
- Most of the ligaments are found exterior to the synovial membrane . (dictionary.com)
- The synovial membrane swells and produces extra fluid that causes the ligaments to stretch around the joint. (scopeheal.com)
Abstract1
- abstract = "This paper describes the immunohistochemical techniques which can be used to detect cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in synovial membrane tissue, including a list of reagents and possible problems in each technique. (edu.au)
Alveolar-capillary1
- alveolar-capillary membrane ( alveolocapillary membrane ) a thin tissue barrier through which gases are exchanged between the alveolar air and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. (thefreedictionary.com)
Capillary1
- The membrane through which gases must pass as they diffuse from air to blood (oxygen) or blood to air (carbon dioxide), including the alveolar fluid and surfactant, cell of the alveolar wall, interstitial space (tissue fluid), and cell of the capillary wall. (tabers.com)
Ligament2
- c, ligament covered by the synovial membrane. (usf.edu)
- The membrane extending from the tympanic lip of the osseous spiral lamina to the crest of the spiral ligament in the cochlea of the ear. (tabers.com)
Osteoarthritic1
- 0.001) elevated in 8 osteoarthritic (OA) versus 7 non-arthritic synovial membranes. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
Vascular1
- The synovial membrane is thickened, slightly injected, and its fringes hypertrophied and more vascular than normally. (dictionary.com)
MSCs1
- In regard to the MSCs derived from synovial fluid (SF) or membrane (SM), there is data available for humans, dogs, pigs, goats and horses. (beds.ac.uk)
Benign2
- 4. Coventry MB, Harrison EG Jr., Martin JF: Benign synovial tumors of the knee: A diagnostic problem. (orthogate.org)
- Synovial chondromatosis is a benign tumorlike disorder of the joint characterized by chondrometaplasia of the synovial membrane, in which cartilaginous nodules form and may become pedunculated and/or detach from the synovial membrane, becoming loose bodies within the joint space. (ajnr.org)
Diagnosis2
Cysts13
- What are synovial cysts? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Synovial cysts are small, fluid-filled lumps that tend to form on the lower spine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Treatment options for synovial cysts include taking pain medication and seeking physical therapy . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- It is important to note that synovial cysts are not the same as ganglion cysts . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In this article, we discuss what synovial cysts are, as well as their symptoms and causes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Synovial cysts may cause pain in the lower part of the spine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Synovial cysts can develop without causing any symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Synovial cysts can develop around any joint in the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Although ganglion cysts are very similar to synovial cysts, they are slightly different . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Many people with synovial cysts do not experience any symptoms or discomfort. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Doctors do not fully understand why synovial cysts develop. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Synovial cysts are similar to, but not the same as, ganglion cysts. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Synovial cysts that do not cause symptoms do not usually require treatment, and a person may not even realize that they have one. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Fetal2
- Called also fetal membranes . (thefreedictionary.com)
- fetal m's extraembryonic membranes . (thefreedictionary.com)