Synkinesis
Facial Paralysis
Dominance of ipsilateral corticospinal pathway in congenital mirror movements. (1/9)
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the mechanism of congenital mirror movements. DESIGN: The triple stimulation technique (TST) and the silent period were used to investigate a patient with congenital mirror movements. The TST was used to calculate the ratio of ipsilateral to contralateral corticospinal tracts from the two hemispheres to the spinal motor neurones. RESULTS: Transcranial magnetic stimulation over unilateral M1 induced larger ipsilateral than contralateral motor evoked potentials on both sides. Only 9% of spinal motor neurones innervating the abductor digitorum minimi were excited by contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) stimulation, while 94% were excited by the ipsilateral M1 stimulation. The silent period was examined during mirror movements and with voluntary contraction of the right first dorsal interosseus mimicking mirror movements. Left M1 stimulation (through the crossed corticospinal tract) did not show any difference in silent period between the two conditions, while right M1 stimulation (through the uncrossed tract) caused a longer silent period during mirror movements than during voluntary contractions. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that mirror movements may be caused by a strong connection between ipsilateral M1 and the mirror movements conveyed through a dominant ipsilateral corticospinal pathway. (+info)Electromyographic analyses of global synkinesis in the paretic upper limb after stroke. (2/9)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Global synkinesis (GS), or motor irradiation, is an involuntary movement associated with the coactivation of numerous muscles in one limb when the opposite limb is active. The electromyographic (EMG) patterns of people with stroke and people who were healthy were analyzed to characterize GS development in relation to joint involvement and to attempt to relate these findings to clinical observations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with stroke, divided into 2 groups with either greater levels of irradiation (SG, n = 10) or lesser levels of irradiation (SL, n = 10), and 20 subjects in a control group were studied. A dynamometer was used to provide resistance for voluntary isometric muscle contractions of the flexor muscle groups of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist. The summated and standardized net EMG amplitudes of 8 principal muscles of the unexercised (paretic) upper extremity were used to characterize intensity and spatial representation of GS. Clinical measurements included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (FMA), Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (BI), and the stage on the Brunnstrom Stages of Motor Recovery Scale (BR). RESULTS: In the SG and control groups, a more substantial GS intensity was associated with muscle contractions of the flexor muscles of the opposite proximal joint than was the case for contractions of the flexor muscles of the distal joint, whereas such a gradient change was absent in the SL group. The corresponding spatial patterns of GS exhibited a predominant cross-excitation over the unexercised pectoralis major and extensor carpi radialis muscles in the control group, contrary to the enhanced activation of the brachioradialis and biceps brachii muscles noted in patients with stroke. The SG group had a better FMA score and a more satisfactory BR stage than did the SL group, and the 2 neurological scores were related to GS intensity for patients with stroke, depending on joint involvement. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Intensity of GS provided an affiliation with motor deficits and a promising window for poststroke recovery mechanisms. (+info)Mirror movements in parkinsonism: evaluation of a new clinical sign. (3/9)
BACKGROUND: Mirror movements (MM) are not widely appreciated in parkinsonism and no report has evaluated this clinical sign in detail. OBJECTIVES: To define the parkinsonian clinical features associated with MM in patients with early, asymmetric parkinsonism. METHODS: Twenty seven patients with early Parkinson's disease were evaluated using a standardised videotaping protocol. MM were scored from blinded video assessment using a clinical scale that rates the amplitude, distribution, and proportion of mirroring in the less affected limb. Parkinsonian features were combined into axial and lateralised scores using related items of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. RESULTS: MM were present in 24 of 27 patients. There was a significant linear correlation between the degree of asymmetry of motor deficits and MM on the less affected side. The effect of asymmetry was greater when the proportional rather than the absolute motor difference between sides was largest. Asymmetry in leg rigidity was the most important examination feature in the prediction of contralateral foot mirroring. CONCLUSIONS: MM are a clinical feature of the unaffected or less affected side in mild asymmetric parkinsonism. Their presence may be a useful clinical finding in early parkinsonism. (+info)Interhemispheric interaction in the motor domain in children with cerebral palsy. (4/9)
(+info)Bilateral facial synkinesis in leprosy. (5/9)
(+info)Ipsilateral synkinesia involves the supplementary motor area. (6/9)
(+info)Kinematic and diffusion tensor imaging definition of familial Marcus Gunn jaw-winking synkinesis. (7/9)
(+info)Prioritizing genetic testing in patients with Kallmann syndrome using clinical phenotypes. (8/9)
(+info)Synkinesis is a medical term that refers to an involuntary and abnormal movement or contraction of one muscle group that occurs in conjunction with voluntary movement of another muscle group. This condition often arises as a result of nerve injury or regeneration, where the nerves that control facial movements become crossed, causing the muscles to move together unintentionally.
For example, when a person with synkinesis tries to smile, they may also involuntarily blink or raise their eyebrows. This can lead to functional impairments and cosmetic concerns, particularly in cases of facial nerve palsy or Bell's palsy. Treatment for synkinesis typically involves physical therapy, botulinum toxin (Botox) injections, or surgical intervention to help restore normal muscle function and movement.
Facial paralysis is a loss of facial movement due to damage or dysfunction of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). This nerve controls the muscles involved in facial expressions, such as smiling, frowning, and closing the eyes. Damage to one side of the facial nerve can cause weakness or paralysis on that side of the face.
Facial paralysis can result from various conditions, including:
1. Bell's palsy - an idiopathic (unknown cause) inflammation of the facial nerve
2. Trauma - skull fractures, facial injuries, or surgical trauma to the facial nerve
3. Infections - Lyme disease, herpes zoster (shingles), HIV/AIDS, or bacterial infections like meningitis
4. Tumors - benign or malignant growths that compress or invade the facial nerve
5. Stroke - damage to the brainstem where the facial nerve originates
6. Congenital conditions - some people are born with facial paralysis due to genetic factors or birth trauma
Symptoms of facial paralysis may include:
* Inability to move one or more parts of the face, such as the eyebrows, eyelids, mouth, or cheeks
* Drooping of the affected side of the face
* Difficulty closing the eye on the affected side
* Changes in saliva and tear production
* Altered sense of taste
* Pain around the ear or jaw
* Speech difficulties due to weakened facial muscles
Treatment for facial paralysis depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, such as Bell's palsy, spontaneous recovery may occur within a few weeks to months. However, physical therapy, medications, and surgical interventions might be necessary in other situations to improve function and minimize complications.
Synkinesis
Lyme disease
Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
Tadpole pupil
Vocal cord paresis
TIMM8A
Aage Møller
Marcus Gunn phenomenon
Smile surgery
Gaze (physiology)
Focal neurologic signs
Alien hand syndrome
Kallmann syndrome
Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
External pterygoid
List of MeSH codes (C23)
List of MeSH codes (C10)
Synkinesis - Wikipedia
English (en)
Facial Synkinesis in NJ & NYC | Dr. Tadros Facial Plastic Surgery
Platysma synkinesis in facial palsy and botulinum toxin type A.
Hsieh T[au] - Search Results - PubMed
Botulinum Toxin Injections to Improve Facial Aesthetics: Overview, Pathophysiology, Indications
Selective Myectomies for Synkinesis Before and After Pictures Case 10 | Dallas, TX | Shai M. Rozen, M.D., F.A.C.S.
MedlinePlus: Genetic Conditions: B
"Evaluation and Management of Facial Nerve Paralysis" by Ryan N. Heffelfinger, MD, FACS and Stacey F. Baer, MS, OTR/L, CLT
Can Ramsay Hunt Syndrome Cause Eye Damage?
Seminars & Lectures
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
Neuro-ophthalmologist - All About Vision
Hemifacial Spasm (12.10.2012)
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome Follow-up: Further Outpatient Care, Prognosis, Patient Education
Marcus Gunn Jaw-winking Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Get Facial Paralysis Treatment | Cleveland Clinic
Causes, Symptoms & Ayurvedic Treatment of Bell's Palsy
CADS grading scale: towards better grading of ophthalmic involvement in facial nerve paralysis | British Journal of...
Abstract Search
functional botox treatments Archives - DAVinci Plastic Surgery
Ocular Torsion during Voluntary Blinks in Humans | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Kircik.qxp | JCAD | The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology
Talk:Diablo Community Project - maemo.org wiki
28 Years Old - Need to make a decision
October 2020 - PRIVY - PRI Video for You
Namespace
January 1, 2000 Issue of JAMA Ophthalmology | JAMA Network
Symptoms6
- The most common symptoms of facial synkinesis include: Eye closure with volitional contraction of mouth muscles Midfacial movements with volitional eye closure Neck tightness (Platysmal contraction) with volitional smiling Hyperlacrimation (also called Crocodile Tears) A case where eating provokes excessive lacrimation. (wikipedia.org)
- The Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) and a specific platysmal evaluation for the presence and severity of synkinesis and local symptoms were performed before and after BoNT-A treatments.Platysma synkinesis was present in 65.2\% of the sample and was associated with subjective complaints in 85.5\% of the cases. (unipv.it)
- After each BoNT-A treatment, there was an improvement in facial symmetry at rest and during voluntary movements, a global reduction of synkinesis, and a specific reduction of synkinesis and symptoms related to the platysma. (unipv.it)
- After BoNT-A injections, there is a reduction in platysma synkinesis and related symptoms.4. (unipv.it)
- Botox, when injected into isolated spastic muscles reduce the synkinesis symptoms allowing for retraining of the brain and muscles while the Botox blocks the nerve/muscle actions. (davinciplastic.com)
- Symptoms of synkinesis include eyelid spasms, squinting when chewing foods, and drooping of the upper lid from over-action of the eyelid closing muscles. (houston-oculoplastics.com)
Botox2
- Physical therapy and targeted botox injections are still the preferred option in the treatment of synkinesis. (drmonicatadros.com)
- Smile restoration with a lower lip muscle myectomy performed by Dr. Shai Rozen in Dallas, Texas to restore smile and facial symmetry in addition to Botox®️around the right eye for her blepharospasm secondary to underlying synkinesis. (drshairozen.com)
Innervation1
- Unfortunately, this has been shown to be disruptive to normal re-innervation and can promote the development of synkinesis. (wikipedia.org)
Botulinum2
- Platysma synkinesis in facial palsy and botulinum toxin type A. (unipv.it)
- Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) is a key tool in the management of facial palsy, reducing associated synkinesis and hyperkinesis while also improving facial balance and overall aesthetics. (orlandoderm.org)
Movements2
- Facial Synkinesis is a condition that consists of involuntary, unwanted facial movements - usually as a result of incomplete recovery from previous facial nerve damage , also known as facial paralysis. (drmonicatadros.com)
- Neurological assessment showed subtle features of bimanual synkinesis (mirror movements), suggesting X-linked Ka. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Facial nerve4
- Facial synkinesis is a common sequela to Idiopathic Facial Nerve Paralysis, also called Bell's Palsy or Facial Palsy. (wikipedia.org)
- In patients with severe facial nerve paralysis, facial synkinesis frequently develops. (wikipedia.org)
- Trigeminal-Facial Synkinesis After surgical trauma, the muscles of mastication can become reinnervated by the facial nerve as opposed to the trigeminal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Platysma muscle, innervated by the facial nerve, can be involved in synkinesis as well, but thus far has been little investigated. (unipv.it)
Treatments4
- Facial synkinesis treatments for NJ patients aim to reduce involuntary activity while preserving muscle tone and function. (drmonicatadros.com)
- Methods for facial palsy treatments vary from person to person, as every synkinesis patient is different. (drmonicatadros.com)
- Board-certified plastic surgeon Dr. Shai Rozen is an international leader in research and treatments for facial paralysis and synkinesis due to Bell's palsy, vestibular schwannoma, Moebius syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 2, and more. (drshairozen.com)
- Treatments for problems related to synkinesis are also available. (houston-oculoplastics.com)
Cranial2
- After nerve trauma around the eye, a combination of any two of these three cranial nerves have been shown to be involved with extra-ocular synkinesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Other less common variations of synkinesis involving the cranial nerves include: Trigeminal-Abducens Synkinesis After physical trauma to the skull, the muscle involved in eye abduction can become reinnervated by the branch of the trigeminal nerve involved in innervating the muscles of mastication(chewing muscles). (wikipedia.org)
Hyperkinesis1
- Treatment of both sides of the face to ameliorate synkinesis of the affected side, minimize hyperkinesis of the unaffected side, and improve overall facial symmetry. (orlandoderm.org)
Spasms1
- We'll help improve facial discomfort and reduce drooling, weakness and the spasms of unwanted movement (synkinesis). (clevelandclinic.org)
Neurological1
- Synkinesis is a neurological symptom in which a voluntary muscle movement causes the simultaneous involuntary contraction of other muscles. (wikipedia.org)
Surgical2
- One of the most important factors that play a large role in effective surgical treatment of facial synkinesis is a firm understanding that the aberrant pathways of stimulation that occur in someone that is suffering from this condition is simultaneously recovering from a facial injury. (drmonicatadros.com)
- The first day of the meeting will focus on physiotherapy and non-surgical treatment of facial paralysis and the second day focus will be surgical reconstruction of the paralyzed face and management of synkinesis. (mfch.cz)
Additionally1
- Additionally, there was electromyographic evidence of synkinesis in 19 of 20 thyroarytenoid muscles studied, a sign of aberrant reinnervation. (touro.edu)
Muscles2
- In this case the paresis is frequently associated to synkinesis and contracture of the muscles (easily identifiable because the eye is more closed, smiling groove is more accentuated, and the patient feels the muscles "pulling" too much, sometimes associated to pain). (federicobiglioli.it)
- In rare cases, synkinesis may be present between the internal pterygoid and levator muscles. (medscape.com)
Injections1
- Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA) injections.Retrospective study.Sixty-nine patients were treated for synkinesis following facial palsy. (unipv.it)
Partial1
- Typically, physical therapy is highly recommended for patients that are experiencing partial synkinesis or permanent synkinesis to help restore facial movement. (drmonicatadros.com)
Severe facial1
- Facial synkinesis is a well-known disabling occurrence following severe facial palsy. (unipv.it)
Cases1
- There are some cases in which synkinesis will persist despite prolonged treatment. (drmonicatadros.com)
Patients2
- Facial plastic surgeon Monica Tadros MD. specializes in facial synkinesis for her patients in NY & NJ. (drmonicatadros.com)
- After the first six patients, Cohen's κ reached 1 for all but synkinesis that ranged between 0.9 and 1. (bmj.com)
Nerve2
- Synkinesis is usually caused by dysfunction of a particular nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Laryngeal nerve section without reinnervation has been shown to result in synkinesis and is not the preferred approach to this condition. (msdmanuals.com)
Case1
- Synkinesis can also involve the upper limbs, especially hands which is quite rare, at 1 case in 1 million. (wikipedia.org)
Eyes1
- This accommodation-convergence synkinesis can result in esotropia, or eyes that turn in when the ratio between accommodation and convergence is unusually high. (wikipedia.org)
Condition1
- https://www.loyolamedicine.org/find-a-condition-or-service/otolaryngology-ent/otolaryngology-conditions/facial-synkinesis (Accessed: 18 July 2023). (libsyn.com)
Function2
- We have developed and successfully adopted an FNGI based on four aspects of periorbital involvement: cornea, asymmetry, dynamic function and synkinesis. (bmj.com)
- The overall inter-observer agreement was 86.7% for cornea, 93.3% for resting asymmetry, 93.3% for dynamic function and 86.7% for synkinesis. (bmj.com)
Smile1
- The facial expressions more related to platysma synkinesis were snarl, followed by open-mouth smile and lip pucker. (unipv.it)