A genus in the family RETROVIRIDAE consisting of exogenous horizontally-transmitted viruses found in a few groups of mammals. Infections caused by these viruses include human B- or adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, ACUTE, HTLV-I-ASSOCIATED), and bovine leukemia (ENZOOTIC BOVINE LEUKOSIS). The type species is LEUKEMIA VIRUS, BOVINE.
Loss of consciousness due to a reduction in blood pressure that is associated with an increase in vagal tone and peripheral vasodilation.
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.
An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.
Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.
A device designed to stimulate, by electric impulses, contraction of the heart muscles. It may be temporary (external) or permanent (internal or internal-external).
Method in which prolonged electrocardiographic recordings are made on a portable tape recorder (Holter-type system) or solid-state device ("real-time" system), while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It is useful in the diagnosis and management of intermittent cardiac arrhythmias and transient myocardial ischemia.
The position or attitude of the body.
The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.
The dilated portion of the common carotid artery at its bifurcation into external and internal carotids. It contains baroreceptors which, when stimulated, cause slowing of the heart, vasodilatation, and a fall in blood pressure.
Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp344-5)
Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE and the right atrium (SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects.
Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker.
A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.
The removal or interruption of some part of the autonomic nervous system for therapeutic or research purposes.
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)
Implantable devices which continuously monitor the electrical activity of the heart and automatically detect and terminate ventricular tachycardia (TACHYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR) and VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. They consist of an impulse generator, batteries, and electrodes.
The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).
A condition caused by dysfunctions related to the SINOATRIAL NODE including impulse generation (CARDIAC SINUS ARREST) and impulse conduction (SINOATRIAL EXIT BLOCK). It is characterized by persistent BRADYCARDIA, chronic ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and failure to resume sinus rhythm following CARDIOVERSION. This syndrome can be congenital or acquired, particularly after surgical correction for heart defects.
A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.
Symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion or autonomic overaction which develop while the subject is standing, but are relieved on recumbency. Types of this include NEUROCARDIOGENIC SYNCOPE; POSTURAL ORTHOSTATIC TACHYCARDIA SYNDROME; and neurogenic ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION. (From Noseworthy, JH., Neurological Therapeutics Principles and Practice, 2007, p2575-2576)
The posture of an individual lying face up.
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.
Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction.
An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.
Posture while lying with the head lower than the rest of the body. Extended time in this position is associated with temporary physiologic disturbances.
Methods to induce and measure electrical activities at specific sites in the heart to diagnose and treat problems with the heart's electrical system.
The ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; and SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the HYPOTHALAMUS and the SOLITARY NUCLEUS, which receive information relayed from VISCERAL AFFERENTS.
Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.

Effects of moderate exercise training on plasma volume, baroreceptor sensitivity and orthostatic tolerance in healthy subjects. (1/868)

The effect of physical training on an individual's ability to withstand an orthostatic stress is unclear. This study was undertaken to determine the effects on orthostatic tolerance in healthy volunteers of training at a level appropriate for unfit subjects and cardiorespiratory patients. In 11 asymptomatic, untrained subjects the following assessments were made: plasma volume by Evans Blue dye dilution and blood volume derived from haematocrit; carotid baroreceptor sensitivity from the slope of the regression of change in cardiac interval against pressure applied to a neck chamber; orthostatic tolerance as time to presyncope in a test of head-up tilting combined with lower body suction; exercise test relating heart rate to oxygen consumption. Subjects were then given a training schedule (5BX/XBX, Royal Canadian Air Force) involving 11-12 min of mixed exercises per day until an age/sex related 'target' was reached. Following training all subjects showed evidence of improved fitness, seen as decreases in heart rate at an oxygen uptake (Vo2) of 1.5 1 min-1 and in the elevation of the regression line between heart rate and Vo2. All also had increases in plasma and blood volumes and decreases in baroreceptor sensitivity. Seven of the subjects showed increases in orthostatic tolerance. Improvement in orthostatic tolerance was related to a low initial tolerance, and was associated with increases in plasma volume and decreases in baroreceptor sensitivity. These results show that moderate exercise training increases orthostatic tolerance in subjects who do not already have a high initial tolerance and suggest that training may be of value in the management of untrained patients with attacks of syncope due to orthostatic intolerance.  (+info)

The misdiagnosis of epilepsy and the management of refractory epilepsy in a specialist clinic. (2/868)

We assessed the frequency, causes and consequences of erroneous diagnosis of epilepsy, and the outcome of patients referred with 'refractory epilepsy', by retrospective analysis of the case records of 324 patients. The sample was divided into those exposed to anti-epileptic drugs (n = 184), of whom 92 were said to have refractory seizures, and those who had not received treatment (n = 140). The latter group is reported elsewhere. The overall misdiagnosis rate was 26.1% (46/184), with incomplete history-taking and misinterpretation of the EEG equally responsible. Side-effects were reported by 19/40, while unnecessary driving restrictions and employment difficulties were encountered by 12/33 and 5/33, respectively. Of those labelled 'refractory epilepsy', 12 did not have epilepsy. Sixteen were rendered seizure-free and 25 significantly improved by the optimal use of anti-epileptic drugs or surgery. Diagnostic and management services for patients with suspected and established epilepsy are suboptimal, with psychological and socio-economic consequences for individual patients. The resulting economic burden on the health and welfare services is probably substantial.  (+info)

Comparing two different protocols for tilt table testing: sublingual glyceryl trinitrate versus isoprenaline infusion. (3/868)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic value and safety of sublingual glyceryl trinitrate tilt testing compared with isoprenaline infusion in patients with unexplained syncope. DESIGN: Glyceryl trinitrate and isoprenaline tilt tests were performed in two successive days on a random basis in cases and controls. SETTING: Outpatient cases with syncope referred to Shahid Rajaii Heart Hospital. SUBJECTS: 65 consecutive patients with unexplained syncope after thorough work up; 20 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Positive responses were observed in 20 patients during the passive phase. Of the other 45 patients, positive responses occurred in 25 cases during the glyceryl trinitrate phase and in 26 cases during the isoprenaline phase. In the control group, positive responses during the passive, glyceryl trinitrate, and isoprenaline phases occurred in one, one, and two cases, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the protocols were 55% and 94.7%, respectively, for glyceryl trinitrate v 58% and 89.4% for isoprenaline. Owing to discordant responses in 75% of the cases, the sequential use of the tests (if one was negative) would increase the sensitivity to 84% while decreasing the specificity slightly (to 84%). Side effects were less frequent with glyceryl trinitrate. CONCLUSIONS: Sublingual glyceryl trinitrate tilt testing is an effective and safe alternative to the isoprenaline infusion test and can be used as a complementary test.  (+info)

Hypokalemia with syncope caused by habitual drinking of oolong tea. (4/868)

A 61-year-old woman developed hypokalemia, atrioventricular block and ventricular tachycardia with syncope after habitual drinking 2 to 3 liters of oolong tea per day. She had been suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome and her serum albumin was decreased (2.9 g/dl). Oolong tea contains caffeine at approximately 20 mg/dl. Great quantities of caffeine can induce hypokalemia. The serum protein binding caffeine is albumin. Accordingly, in patients with hypoalbuminemia, caffeine is apt to induce hypokalemia. This case suggested that great quantities of oolong tea, one of the so-called "healthy" drinks, result in serious symptoms for patients with hypoalbuminemia.  (+info)

Carotid sinus hypersensitivity--a modifiable risk factor for fractured neck of femur. (5/868)

BACKGROUND: the potential impact on morbidity, mortality and health care economics makes it important to identify patients at risk of fracture, in particular fractured neck of femur (FNOF). Older patients with carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) are more likely to have unexplained falls and to experience fractures, particularly FNOF. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of CSH in patients with FNOF. DESIGN: case-controlled prospective series. METHODS: consecutive cases were admissions over 65 years with FNOF. Controls were consecutive patients admitted for elective hip surgery, frail elderly people admitted to hospital medical wards and day-hospital patients. All patients had a clinical assessment of cognitive function, physical abilities and history of previous syncope, falls and dizziness, in addition to repeated carotid sinus massage with continuous heart rate and phasic blood pressure measurement. RESULTS: heart rate slowing and fall in systolic blood pressure was greater for patients with FNOF than those admitted for elective hip surgery (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001). CSH was present in 36% of the FNOF group, none of the elective surgery group, 13% of the acutely ill controls and 17% of the outpatients. It was more likely to be present in FNOF patients with a previous history of unexplained falls or an unexplained fall causing the index fracture. The heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses to carotid sinus stimulation were reproducible. CONCLUSION: older patients with an acute neck of femur fracture who do not give a clear history of an accidental fall or who have had previously unexplained falls are likely to have CSH. CSH may be a modifiable risk factor for older patients at risk of hip fracture.  (+info)

Outcome of patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and unexplained syncope treated with an implantable defibrillator. (6/868)

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, unexplained syncope and a negative electrophysiology test who are treated with an implantable defibrillator. BACKGROUND: Patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and unexplained syncope may be at high risk for sudden cardiac death, and they are sometimes treated with an implantable defibrillator. METHODS: This study prospectively determined the outcome of 14 consecutive patients who had a nonischemic cardiomyopathy, unexplained syncope and a negative electrophysiology test and who underwent defibrillator implantation (Syncope Group). Nineteen consecutive patients with a nonischemic cardiomyopathy and a cardiac arrest who were treated with a defibrillator (Arrest Group) served as a control group. RESULTS: Seven of 14 patients (50%) in the Syncope Group received appropriate shocks for ventricular arrhythmias during a mean follow-up of 24+/-13 months, compared with 8 of 19 patients (42%) in the Arrest Group during a mean follow-up of 45+/-40 months (p = 0.1). The mean duration from device implantation until the first appropriate shock was 32+/-7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 18 to 45 months) in the Syncope Group compared to 72+/-12 months (95% CI, 48 to 96 months) in the Arrest Group (p = 0.1). Among patients who received appropriate shocks, the mean time from defibrillator implantation to the first appropriate shock was 10+/-14 months in the Syncope Group, compared with 48+/-47 months in the Arrest Group (p = 0.06). Recurrent syncope was always associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of appropriate defibrillator shocks and the association of recurrent syncope with ventricular arrhythmias support the treatment of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, unexplained syncope and a negative electrophysiology test with an implantable defibrillator.  (+info)

Neurally mediated cardiac syncope: autonomic modulation after normal saline infusion. (7/868)

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the heart variability response to orthostatic stress during tilt table testing before and after normal saline administration. BACKGROUND: The efficacy of sodium chloride and mineralocortoid in the treatment of neurally mediated cardiac syncope is attributed to intravascular volume expansion; however, their modulation of autonomic nervous system activity has not been evaluated. METHODS: Heart rate variability analysis was performed on 12 adolescents with a history of syncope or presyncope (mean age 15.2+/-0.7 years) during tilt table testing. Subjects were upright 80 degrees for 30 min or until syncope. After normal saline administration, the patient was returned upright for 30 min. Heart rate variability analysis data were analyzed by an autoregression model (Burg method). RESULTS: All subjects reproducibly developed syncope during control tilt table testing; median time to syncope was 9.4+/-2.1 min. After normal saline infusion, none of the subjects developed syncope after 30 min upright. In the control tilt, there was an initial increase followed by a progressive decrease in low frequency power until syncope. Repeat tilt after normal saline administration demonstrates that low frequency power increased but the magnitude of initial change was blunted when compared with control. In addition, low frequency power increased during normal saline tilt sequence compared with the control tilt, during which it decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Normal saline blunted low frequency power stimulation and prevented paradoxical low frequency power (sympathetic) withdrawal. Increasing intravascular volume with normal saline alters autonomic responses that may trigger neurally mediated syncope reflexes.  (+info)

Poor reproducibility of false-positive tilt testing results in healthy volunteers. (8/868)

Positive responses to head-up tilt testing occur in healthy subjects. However, the reproducibility of "false-positive" tilt testing results has not been clarified. To study the reproducibility of "false-positive" responses, we prospectively performed 2 tilt tests separated by 1 to 10 (mean 3.2) weeks in 20 healthy males aged 23 to 40 years (mean 30 years). The baseline tilt test (80 degrees for 30 minutes) ended positive in 4 (20%) subjects on the initial test and 2 (10%) on the second test with only 1 (5%) who had consecutive positive responses. No additional positive responses were noted during the isoproterenol (0.01 microgram/kg/min)-tilt test for 10 minutes. We demonstrated that a false-positive response occurred in 5 (25%) of 20 young males who underwent 2 tilt tests, however, only 1 (5%) subject had consecutive positive responses. Poor reproducibility may be characteristic of false-positive responses in head-up tilt testing.  (+info)

Deltaretroviruses are a genus of retroviruses that include human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types 1 and 2, bovine leukemia virus (BLV), and simian T-lymphotropic viruses. These viruses are characterized by their ability to cause persistent infections and can lead to the development of various diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM).

The genome of deltaretroviruses contains two copies of single-stranded RNA, which are reverse transcribed into double-stranded DNA during the replication process. The viral DNA is then integrated into the host cell's genome, leading to a lifelong infection.

Deltaretroviruses primarily infect CD4+ T cells and other immune cells, and transmission typically occurs through bodily fluids such as breast milk, blood, and sexual contact. Prevention measures include avoiding high-risk behaviors, screening blood products, and implementing strict infection control practices in healthcare settings.

Vasovagal syncope is a type of fainting (syncope) that occurs when the body overreacts to certain triggers, such as the sight of blood or extreme emotional distress. This reaction causes the heart rate and blood pressure to drop, leading to reduced blood flow to the brain and loss of consciousness. Vasovagal syncope is usually not a cause for concern and does not typically indicate a serious underlying medical condition. However, it can be dangerous if it occurs during activities such as driving or operating heavy machinery. If you experience frequent episodes of vasovagal syncope, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider for evaluation and treatment options.

Bradycardia is a medical term that refers to an abnormally slow heart rate, typically defined as a resting heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute in adults. While some people, particularly well-trained athletes, may have a naturally low resting heart rate, bradycardia can also be a sign of an underlying health problem.

There are several potential causes of bradycardia, including:

* Damage to the heart's electrical conduction system, such as from heart disease or aging
* Certain medications, including beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin
* Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland)
* Sleep apnea
* Infection of the heart (endocarditis or myocarditis)
* Infiltrative diseases such as amyloidosis or sarcoidosis

Symptoms of bradycardia can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. Some people with bradycardia may not experience any symptoms, while others may feel weak, fatigued, dizzy, or short of breath. In severe cases, bradycardia can lead to fainting, confusion, or even cardiac arrest.

Treatment for bradycardia depends on the underlying cause. If a medication is causing the slow heart rate, adjusting the dosage or switching to a different medication may help. In other cases, a pacemaker may be necessary to regulate the heart's rhythm. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of bradycardia, as it can be a sign of a serious underlying condition.

Midodrine is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called vasoconstrictors. It works by narrowing the blood vessels and increasing blood pressure. The medical definition of Midodrine is:

A synthetic derivative of the imidazole compound, adrenergic agonist, which is used in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension. Midodrine is a prodrug that is rapidly metabolized to its active form, desglymidodrine, after oral administration. It selectively binds to and activates alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure. The drug's effects are most pronounced on the venous side of the circulation, leading to increased venous return and cardiac output. Midodrine is typically administered orally in divided doses throughout the day, and its use is usually reserved for patients who have not responded to other treatments for orthostatic hypotension.

Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is a medical procedure that records the electrical activity of the heart. It provides a graphic representation of the electrical changes that occur during each heartbeat. The resulting tracing, called an electrocardiogram, can reveal information about the heart's rate and rhythm, as well as any damage to its cells or abnormalities in its conduction system.

During an ECG, small electrodes are placed on the skin of the chest, arms, and legs. These electrodes detect the electrical signals produced by the heart and transmit them to a machine that amplifies and records them. The procedure is non-invasive, painless, and quick, usually taking only a few minutes.

ECGs are commonly used to diagnose and monitor various heart conditions, including arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and electrolyte imbalances. They can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of certain medications or treatments.

An artificial pacemaker is a medical device that uses electrical impulses to regulate the beating of the heart. It is typically used when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial node, is not functioning properly and the heart rate is too slow or irregular. The pacemaker consists of a small generator that contains a battery and electronic circuits, which are connected to one or more electrodes that are placed in the heart.

The generator sends electrical signals through the electrodes to stimulate the heart muscle and cause it to contract, thereby maintaining a regular heart rhythm. Artificial pacemakers can be programmed to deliver electrical impulses at a specific rate or in response to the body's needs. They are typically implanted in the chest during a surgical procedure and can last for many years before needing to be replaced.

Artificial pacemakers are an effective treatment for various types of bradycardia, which is a heart rhythm disorder characterized by a slow heart rate. Pacemakers can significantly improve symptoms associated with bradycardia, such as fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, and fainting spells.

Ambulatory electrocardiography, also known as ambulatory ECG or Holter monitoring, is a non-invasive method of recording the electrical activity of the heart over an extended period of time (typically 24 hours or more) while the patient goes about their daily activities. The device used to record the ECG is called a Holter monitor, which consists of a small, portable recorder that is attached to the patient's chest with electrodes.

The recorded data provides information on any abnormalities in the heart's rhythm or electrical activity during different stages of activity and rest, allowing healthcare providers to diagnose and evaluate various cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, ischemia, and infarction. The ability to monitor the heart's activity over an extended period while the patient performs their normal activities provides valuable information that may not be captured during a standard ECG, which only records the heart's electrical activity for a few seconds.

In summary, ambulatory electrocardiography is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart over an extended period, allowing healthcare providers to diagnose and manage various cardiac conditions.

Posture is the position or alignment of body parts supported by the muscles, especially the spine and head in relation to the vertebral column. It can be described as static (related to a stationary position) or dynamic (related to movement). Good posture involves training your body to stand, walk, sit, and lie in positions where the least strain is placed on supporting muscles and ligaments during movement or weight-bearing activities. Poor posture can lead to various health issues such as back pain, neck pain, headaches, and respiratory problems.

Recurrence, in a medical context, refers to the return of symptoms or signs of a disease after a period of improvement or remission. It indicates that the condition has not been fully eradicated and may require further treatment. Recurrence is often used to describe situations where a disease such as cancer comes back after initial treatment, but it can also apply to other medical conditions. The likelihood of recurrence varies depending on the type of disease and individual patient factors.

The carotid sinus is a small, dilated area located at the bifurcation (or fork) of the common carotid artery into the internal and external carotid arteries. It is a baroreceptor region, which means it contains specialized sensory nerve endings that can detect changes in blood pressure. When the blood pressure increases, the walls of the carotid sinus stretch, activating these nerve endings and sending signals to the brain. The brain then responds by reducing the heart rate and relaxing the blood vessels, which helps to lower the blood pressure back to normal.

The carotid sinus is an important part of the body's autonomic nervous system, which regulates various involuntary functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion. It plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and preventing excessive increases in blood pressure that could potentially damage vital organs.

Unconsciousness is a state of complete awareness where a person is not responsive to stimuli and cannot be awakened. It is often caused by severe trauma, illness, or lack of oxygen supply to the brain. In medical terms, it is defined as a lack of response to verbal commands, pain, or other stimuli, indicating that the person's brain is not functioning at a level necessary to maintain wakefulness and awareness.

Unconsciousness can be described as having different levels, ranging from drowsiness to deep coma. The causes of unconsciousness can vary widely, including head injury, seizure, stroke, infection, drug overdose, or lack of oxygen supply to the brain. Depending on the cause and severity, unconsciousness may last for a few seconds or continue for an extended period, requiring medical intervention and treatment.

Heart block is a cardiac condition characterized by the interruption of electrical impulse transmission from the atria (the upper chambers of the heart) to the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart). This disruption can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, including bradycardia (a slower-than-normal heart rate), and in severe cases, can cause the heart to stop beating altogether. Heart block is typically caused by damage to the heart's electrical conduction system due to various factors such as aging, heart disease, or certain medications.

There are three types of heart block: first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree (also known as complete heart block). Each type has distinct electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and symptoms. Treatment for heart block depends on the severity of the condition and may include monitoring, medication, or implantation of a pacemaker to regulate the heart's electrical activity.

Artificial cardiac pacing is a medical procedure that involves the use of an artificial device to regulate and stimulate the contraction of the heart muscle. This is often necessary when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial node, is not functioning properly and the heart is beating too slowly or irregularly.

The artificial pacemaker consists of a small generator that produces electrical impulses and leads that are positioned in the heart to transmit the impulses. The generator is typically implanted just under the skin in the chest, while the leads are inserted into the heart through a vein.

There are different types of artificial cardiac pacing systems, including single-chamber pacemakers, which stimulate either the right atrium or right ventricle, and dual-chamber pacemakers, which stimulate both chambers of the heart. Some pacemakers also have additional features that allow them to respond to changes in the body's needs, such as during exercise or sleep.

Artificial cardiac pacing is a safe and effective treatment for many people with abnormal heart rhythms, and it can significantly improve their quality of life and longevity.

Fludrocortisone is a synthetic corticosteroid hormone, specifically a mineralocorticoid. It is often used to treat conditions associated with low levels of corticosteroids, such as Addison's disease. It works by helping the body retain sodium and lose potassium, which helps to maintain fluid balance and blood pressure.

In medical terms, fludrocortisone is defined as a synthetic mineralocorticoid with glucocorticoid activity used in the treatment of adrenogenital syndrome and Addison's disease, and as an adjunct in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is also used to treat orthostatic hypotension by helping the body retain sodium and water, thereby increasing blood volume and blood pressure.

It is important to note that fludrocortisone can have significant side effects, particularly if used in high doses or for long periods of time. These can include fluid retention, high blood pressure, increased risk of infection, and slowed growth in children. As with any medication, it should be used under the close supervision of a healthcare provider.

Cardiac arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms that result from disturbances in the electrical conduction system of the heart. The heart's normal rhythm is controlled by an electrical signal that originates in the sinoatrial (SA) node, located in the right atrium. This signal travels through the atrioventricular (AV) node and into the ventricles, causing them to contract and pump blood throughout the body.

An arrhythmia occurs when there is a disruption in this electrical pathway or when the heart's natural pacemaker produces an abnormal rhythm. This can cause the heart to beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly.

There are several types of cardiac arrhythmias, including:

1. Atrial fibrillation: A rapid and irregular heartbeat that starts in the atria (the upper chambers of the heart).
2. Atrial flutter: A rapid but regular heartbeat that starts in the atria.
3. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT): A rapid heartbeat that starts above the ventricles, usually in the atria or AV node.
4. Ventricular tachycardia: A rapid and potentially life-threatening heart rhythm that originates in the ventricles.
5. Ventricular fibrillation: A chaotic and disorganized electrical activity in the ventricles, which can be fatal if not treated immediately.
6. Heart block: A delay or interruption in the conduction of electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles.

Cardiac arrhythmias can cause various symptoms, such as palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. In some cases, they may not cause any symptoms and go unnoticed. However, if left untreated, certain types of arrhythmias can lead to serious complications, including stroke, heart failure, or even sudden cardiac death.

Treatment for cardiac arrhythmias depends on the type, severity, and underlying causes. Options may include lifestyle changes, medications, cardioversion (electrical shock therapy), catheter ablation, implantable devices such as pacemakers or defibrillators, and surgery. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and management of cardiac arrhythmias.

Autonomic denervation is a medical term that refers to the interruption or loss of nerve supply to the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and pupil dilation.

Autonomic denervation can occur due to various reasons, including surgical procedures, trauma, degenerative diseases, or medical conditions such as diabetes. The interruption of nerve supply can lead to a range of symptoms depending on the specific autonomic functions that are affected.

For example, autonomic denervation in the heart can lead to abnormal heart rhythms or low blood pressure. In the digestive system, it can cause problems with motility and secretion, leading to symptoms such as bloating, constipation, or diarrhea. Autonomic denervation in the eyes can result in pupil abnormalities, dry eyes, or light sensitivity.

Treatment for autonomic denervation depends on the underlying cause and the specific symptoms that are present. In some cases, medication may be used to manage symptoms, while in others, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair or restore nerve function.

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a cardiac electrical disorder characterized by a prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram (ECG), which can potentially trigger rapid, chaotic heartbeats known as ventricular tachyarrhythmias, such as torsades de pointes. These arrhythmias can be life-threatening and lead to syncope (fainting) or sudden cardiac death. LQTS is often congenital but may also be acquired due to certain medications, medical conditions, or electrolyte imbalances. It's essential to identify and manage LQTS promptly to reduce the risk of severe complications.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a sudden, unexpected natural death caused by the cessation of cardiac activity. It is often caused by cardiac arrhythmias, particularly ventricular fibrillation, and is often associated with underlying heart disease, although it can occur in people with no known heart condition. SCD is typically defined as a natural death due to cardiac causes that occurs within one hour of the onset of symptoms, or if the individual was last seen alive in a normal state of health, it can be defined as occurring within 24 hours.

It's important to note that sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is different from SCD, although they are related. SCA refers to the sudden cessation of cardiac activity, which if not treated immediately can lead to SCD.

An implantable defibrillator is a medical device that is surgically placed inside the chest to continuously monitor the heart's rhythm and deliver electrical shocks to restore a normal heartbeat when it detects a life-threatening arrhythmia, such as ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia.

The device consists of a small generator that is implanted in the upper chest, along with one or more electrode leads that are threaded through veins and positioned in the heart's chambers. The generator contains a battery and a microcomputer that constantly monitors the heart's electrical activity and detects any abnormal rhythms.

When an arrhythmia is detected, the defibrillator delivers an electrical shock to the heart to restore a normal rhythm. This can be done automatically by the device or manually by a healthcare provider using an external programmer.

Implantable defibrillators are typically recommended for people who have a high risk of sudden cardiac death due to a history of heart attacks, heart failure, or inherited heart conditions that affect the heart's electrical system. They can significantly reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death and improve quality of life for those at risk.

Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time, often expressed as beats per minute (bpm). It can vary significantly depending on factors such as age, physical fitness, emotions, and overall health status. A resting heart rate between 60-100 bpm is generally considered normal for adults, but athletes and individuals with high levels of physical fitness may have a resting heart rate below 60 bpm due to their enhanced cardiovascular efficiency. Monitoring heart rate can provide valuable insights into an individual's health status, exercise intensity, and response to various treatments or interventions.

Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) is a rapid heart rhythm that originates from the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart. It is defined as three or more consecutive ventricular beats at a rate of 120 beats per minute or greater in a resting adult. This abnormal heart rhythm can cause the heart to pump less effectively, leading to inadequate blood flow to the body and potentially life-threatening conditions such as hypotension, shock, or cardiac arrest.

VT can be classified into three types based on its duration, hemodynamic stability, and response to treatment:

1. Non-sustained VT (NSVT): It lasts for less than 30 seconds and is usually well tolerated without causing significant symptoms or hemodynamic instability.
2. Sustained VT (SVT): It lasts for more than 30 seconds, causes symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, or chest pain, and may lead to hemodynamic instability.
3. Pulseless VT: It is a type of sustained VT that does not produce a pulse, blood pressure, or adequate cardiac output, requiring immediate electrical cardioversion or defibrillation to restore a normal heart rhythm.

VT can occur in people with various underlying heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, congenital heart defects, and electrolyte imbalances. It can also be triggered by certain medications, substance abuse, or electrical abnormalities in the heart. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of VT are crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS) is a term used to describe a group of abnormal heart rhythm disturbances that originates in the sinoatrial node (the natural pacemaker of the heart). This syndrome is characterized by impaired functioning of the sinoatrial node, resulting in various abnormalities such as sinus bradycardia (abnormally slow heart rate), sinus arrest (complete cessation of sinus node activity), and/or sinoatrial exit block (failure of the electrical impulse to leave the sinus node and spread to the atria).

People with SSS may experience symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, or syncope (fainting) due to inadequate blood supply to the brain caused by slow heart rate. The diagnosis of SSS is typically made based on the patient's symptoms and the results of an electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitoring, or event recorder that shows evidence of abnormal sinus node function. Treatment options for SSS may include lifestyle modifications, medications, or implantation of a pacemaker to regulate the heart rate.

Etilefrine is a synthetic, sympathomimetic amine drug that acts as a direct-acting adrenergic agonist. It primarily stimulates alpha-1 and beta-1 adrenergic receptors, leading to increased heart rate, cardiac contractility, and blood pressure. Etilefrine is used clinically as a vasopressor agent to treat hypotension (low blood pressure) in certain conditions, such as shock or during surgical procedures. It should be administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional due to its potential serious side effects, including cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension.

Dizziness is a term used to describe a range of sensations, such as feeling lightheaded, faint, unsteady, or a false sense of spinning or moving. Medically, dizziness is often described as a non-specific symptom that can be caused by various underlying conditions or factors. These may include:

1. Inner ear disorders (such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, labyrinthitis, vestibular neuronitis, or Meniere's disease)
2. Cardiovascular problems (like low blood pressure, arrhythmias, or orthostatic hypotension)
3. Neurological issues (such as migraines, multiple sclerosis, or stroke)
4. Anxiety disorders and panic attacks
5. Side effects of medications
6. Dehydration or overheating
7. Infections (like viral infections or bacterial meningitis)
8. Head or neck injuries
9. Low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia)

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional if you experience persistent dizziness, as it can be a sign of a more severe underlying condition. The appropriate treatment will depend on the specific cause of the dizziness.

Orthostatic intolerance is a condition in which an individual experiences lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting when standing or maintaining an upright position for extended periods. It is caused by an abnormal physiological response to gravity and results in inadequate blood flow to the brain upon standing.

The medical definition of orthostatic intolerance includes symptoms that are exacerbated by upright posture and relieved by recumbent (lying down) position. The underlying mechanisms involve dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and vasoconstriction.

Orthostatic intolerance can be a symptom of various medical conditions, including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, and other autonomic disorders. Proper diagnosis and management require a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional to identify the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

The supine position is a term used in medicine to describe a body posture where an individual is lying down on their back, with their face and torso facing upwards. This position is often adopted during various medical procedures, examinations, or when resting, as it allows for easy access to the front of the body. It is also the position automatically assumed by most people who are falling asleep.

It's important to note that in the supine position, the head can be flat on the surface or raised with the use of pillows or specialized medical equipment like a hospital bed. This can help to alleviate potential issues such as breathing difficulties or swelling in the face and head.

Cardiac arrest, also known as heart arrest, is a medical condition where the heart suddenly stops beating or functioning properly. This results in the cessation of blood flow to the rest of the body, including the brain, leading to loss of consciousness and pulse. Cardiac arrest is often caused by electrical disturbances in the heart that disrupt its normal rhythm, known as arrhythmias. If not treated immediately with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation, it can lead to death or permanent brain damage due to lack of oxygen supply. It's important to note that a heart attack is different from cardiac arrest; a heart attack occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, often by a clot, causing damage to the heart muscle, but the heart continues to beat. However, a heart attack can sometimes trigger a cardiac arrest.

Atrioventricular (AV) block is a disorder of the electrical conduction system of the heart that causes a delay or interruption in the transmission of electrical signals from the atria (the upper chambers of the heart) to the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart). This results in an abnormal heart rhythm, also known as an arrhythmia.

There are three degrees of AV block:

1. First-degree AV block: In this type of AV block, there is a delay in the conduction of electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles, but all signals are eventually conducted. This condition may not cause any symptoms and is often discovered during a routine electrocardiogram (ECG).
2. Second-degree AV block: In this type of AV block, some electrical signals from the atria are not conducted to the ventricles. There are two types of second-degree AV block: Mobitz type I and Mobitz type II. Mobitz type I is characterized by a progressive prolongation of the PR interval (the time between the electrical activation of the atria and ventricles) until a QRS complex (which represents the electrical activation of the ventricles) is dropped. Mobitz type II is characterized by a constant PR interval with occasional non-conducted P waves.
3. Third-degree AV block: In this type of AV block, no electrical signals are conducted from the atria to the ventricles. The atria and ventricles beat independently of each other, resulting in a slow heart rate (bradycardia) and an irregular rhythm. This condition can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

The causes of AV block include aging, heart disease, medications, and certain medical conditions such as hypothyroidism and Lyme disease. Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and may include medication, a pacemaker, or surgery.

An abnormal reflex in a medical context refers to an involuntary and exaggerated response or lack of response to a stimulus that is not expected in the normal physiological range. These responses can be indicative of underlying neurological disorders or damage to the nervous system. Examples include hyperreflexia (overactive reflexes) and hyporeflexia (underactive reflexes). The assessment of reflexes is an important part of a physical examination, as it can provide valuable information about the functioning of the nervous system.

Head-down tilt (HDT) is a positioning technique often used in medical settings, particularly during diagnostic procedures or treatment interventions. In this position, the person lies down on a specially designed table with their head tilted below the horizontal plane, typically at an angle of 6 degrees to 15 degrees, but sometimes as steep as 90 degrees. This posture allows for various medical evaluations such as carotid sinus massage or intracranial pressure monitoring. It is also used in space medicine to simulate some effects of weightlessness on the human body during spaceflight. Please note that prolonged exposure to head-down tilt can have physiological consequences, including changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and eye function, which should be monitored and managed by healthcare professionals.

Electrophysiologic techniques, cardiac, refer to medical procedures used to study the electrical activities and conduction systems of the heart. These techniques involve the insertion of electrode catheters into the heart through blood vessels under fluoroscopic guidance to record and stimulate electrical signals. The information obtained from these studies can help diagnose and evaluate various cardiac arrhythmias, determine the optimal treatment strategy, and assess the effectiveness of therapies such as ablation or implantable devices.

The electrophysiologic study (EPS) is a type of cardiac electrophysiologic technique that involves the measurement of electrical signals from different regions of the heart to evaluate its conduction system's function. The procedure can help identify the location of abnormal electrical pathways responsible for arrhythmias and determine the optimal treatment strategy, such as catheter ablation or medication therapy.

Cardiac electrophysiologic techniques are also used in device implantation procedures, such as pacemaker or defibrillator implantation, to ensure proper placement and function of the devices. These techniques can help program and test the devices to optimize their settings for each patient's needs.

In summary, cardiac electrophysiologic techniques are medical procedures used to study and manipulate the electrical activities of the heart, helping diagnose and treat various arrhythmias and other cardiac conditions.

The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system that operates largely below the level of consciousness and controls visceral functions. It is divided into two main subdivisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which generally have opposing effects and maintain homeostasis in the body.

The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations, often referred to as the "fight or flight" response. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and metabolic rate, while also decreasing digestive activity. This response helps the body respond quickly to perceived threats.

The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS), on the other hand, promotes the "rest and digest" state, allowing the body to conserve energy and restore itself after the stress response has subsided. It decreases heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, while increasing digestive activity and promoting relaxation.

These two systems work together to maintain balance in the body by adjusting various functions based on internal and external demands. Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System can lead to a variety of symptoms, such as orthostatic hypotension, gastroparesis, and cardiac arrhythmias, among others.

Tachycardia is a medical term that refers to an abnormally rapid heart rate, often defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute in adults. It can occur in either the atria (upper chambers) or ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart. Different types of tachycardia include supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and ventricular tachycardia.

Tachycardia can cause various symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, lightheadedness, chest discomfort, or syncope (fainting). In some cases, tachycardia may not cause any symptoms and may only be detected during a routine physical examination or medical test.

The underlying causes of tachycardia can vary widely, including heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, medications, illicit drug use, alcohol abuse, smoking, stress, anxiety, and other medical conditions. In some cases, the cause may be unknown. Treatment for tachycardia depends on the underlying cause, type, severity, and duration of the arrhythmia.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Syncope". Syncope may refer to: Syncope (medicine), also ... Look up syncope in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... in music Syncope (frog), a genus of microhylidae frogs Syncopy ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Syncope. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to ... known as fainting Syncope (phonology), the loss of one or more sounds, particularly an unstressed vowel, from the interior of a ...
Recurrent syncope with complex associated symptoms. This is neurally mediated syncope (NMS). It is associated with any of the ... There also seems to be a genetic component to syncope. A recent genetic study has identified first risk locus for syncope and ... Reflex syncope or neurally mediated syncope occurs when blood vessels expand and heart rate decreases inappropriately leading ... Low blood sugar can be a rare cause of syncope. Narcolepsy may present with sudden loss of consciousness similar to syncope. A ...
Complications of orthostatic syncope include: Trauma or injury from falls during an episode of orthostatic syncope. Stroke from ... Orthostatic syncope refers to syncope resulting from a postural decrease in blood pressure, termed orthostatic hypotension. ... However, in the Framingham heart study, patients with syncope of unknown cause or neurologic syncope had an increased risk of ... Orthostatic syncope may occur suddenly with no warning or may be preceded by symptoms. Associated symptoms are usually because ...
... or post-micturition syncope is the name given to the human phenomenon of fainting shortly after or during ... There is no specific treatment for micturition syncope. General advice to men with micturition syncope includes: to sit while ... "Fainting during urination (micturition syncope): What causes it? - Mayo Clinic". Micturition Syncope - Patient Plus (Articles ... Padevit C.; John H.; Gunz A.; Wiesli P.; Hauri D.; Schmid C. (2005). "Micturition Syncope due to Paraprostatic Pheochromocytoma ...
... is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae.It is endemic to Brazil and known from Humaitá, Amazonas, its type ... Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Syncope jimi (Caramaschi and Cruz, 2001)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. ... Syncope (genus), Endemic fauna of Brazil, Amphibians of Brazil, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, Amphibians described in ...
... affects at least 1 in 1,000 people per year. It is the most common type of syncope, making up more than 50% of ... Situational syncope is often triggered by urination, swallowing, or coughing. Carotid sinus syncope is due to pressure on the ... Complications of reflex syncope include injury due to a fall. Reflex syncope is divided into three types: vasovagal, ... Neurocardiogenic syncope. BMJ.2004;329:336-341. doi: 10.1136/bmj.329.7461.336Abboud FM. Neuro-cardiogenic syncope. N Engl J Med ...
... "syncope" or "compression". Contractions in English such as "didn't" or "can't" are typically cases of syncope. English ... If the present root form in Irish is the result of diachronic syncope, synchronic syncope for inflection is prevented. Sounds ... In phonology, syncope (/ˈsɪŋkəpi/; from Ancient Greek: συγκοπή, romanized: sunkopḗ, lit. 'cutting up') is the loss of one or ... In modern languages, syncope occurs in inflection, poetry, and informal speech. In languages such as Irish and Hebrew, the ...
... is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is found in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil, Peru, and ... Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Syncope tridactyla (Duellman and Mendelson, 1995)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online ... Syncope (genus), Amphibians of Brazil, Amphibians of Ecuador, Amphibians of Peru, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, ...
... (1971) 24-minute work directed and produced by Hamid Naficy on 2-inch, color videotape and 16mm film for his ... "Salamander Syncope". Scholars at Northwestern. Northwestern University. Retrieved April 10, 2018. The Visualist (Chicago) ...
... is fainting or dizziness as a result of overheating (syncope is the medical term for fainting). It is a type of ... The basic symptom of heat syncope is fainting, with or without mental confusion. Heat syncope is caused by peripheral vessel ... Heat syncope occurs in a warm environment when blood pressure is lowered as the body dilates (widens) arterioles (small blood ... If a person starts to experience over heating, and symptoms of heat syncope, they should move or be moved to a shaded or cool ...
... is an unusual but recognized form of situational syncope (fainting) likely to have a similar ... and laughter should be considered among the numerous differentials for syncope. Laughter-induced syncope should not be confused ... Unlike syncope, there is no loss of consciousness in cataplexy, which affects 65-75% of patients with narcolepsy. To date there ... One reported case occurred while a patient was watching the television show Seinfeld, and was given the name Seinfeld syncope. ...
... (also known as hair-combing syncope) is a form of syncope (a fainting disorder) associated with combing ... Hair-grooming syncope may be misdiagnosed as epilepsy, but is better described as a "paroxysmal non-epileptic event". It may ... Hair-grooming syncope typically manifests as presyncopal symptoms during hair combing, brushing, braiding, trimming, curling or ... A 2009 study identified 111 pediatric cases of hair-grooming syncope in the United States, almost three-quarters of which were ...
... (RAS) is a form of syncope encountered mainly, but not exclusively, in young children. Reflex anoxic ... Syncope can have different meanings ranging from transient loss of consciousness, usually accompanied by a decrease or loss in ... Syncope rapidly ensues. Indeed, the short latency between the stimulus and the attack has been emphasized as an important ... The best known, if not necessarily the best understood, is the "simple faint" or vasovagal syncope. At least in infants and ...
The San Francisco Syncope Rule (SFSR) is a rule for evaluating the risk of adverse outcomes in patients presenting with ... Syncope accounts for 1-2% emergency department visits. Half are hospitalized and of these, 50% have unclear diagnosis and 85% ... This means that in patients with none of the above criteria, potentially serious causes of syncope were missed in over a ... Birnbaum A; Esses D; Bijur P; Wollowitz A; Gallagher EJ (February 2008). "Failure to Validate the San Francisco Syncope Rule in ...
Syncope. The omission of letters from the middle of a word, usually replaced by an apostrophe. Synecdoche. A rhetorical device ...
"Syncope: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 22 November 2021. "Fainting , Syncope , Passing Out , ... The medical term for fainting, or ataques de nervios, is syncope, which happens when the brain does not receive enough oxygen ... Situational syncope occurs when situations affect the nervous system, such as anxiety, fear, pain, dehydration, ...
"Vasovagal syncope". www.mayoclinic.org. Retrieved 2020-08-28. "Meade Sports Optics - How to Select the Right Binocular". www. ... Mercury poisoning (especially methylmercury) Sleep deprivation Usher Syndrome Syncope (fainting) Eyeglass users experience ...
London, Baillière 1841 Hall M. On the Threatenings of Apoplexy and Paralysis; Inorganic Epilepsy; Spinal Syncope; Hidden ...
More recently, the doctors from the Chiari Institute published a paper saying that syncope is a potential symptom of Eagle ... Chen JX; Kula, RW; Bolognese, PA; Milhorat, TH (2008). ""Styloid" syncope". Neurology. 71 (20): 1649. doi:10.1212/01.wnl. ...
Gelastic syncope was also referred to in one paper also as "Seinfeld syncope" after an incident in which a patient repeatedly ... Stephen V. Cox; Andrew C. Eisenhauer; Kinan Hreib (1997). "Seinfeld syncope". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis. 42 ...
... syncope) > *Suγδa (assimilation). Sogdiana possessed a Bronze Age urban culture: original Bronze Age towns appear in the ...
One of the more common neurological problems which a person may experience is simple syncope. In cases of simple syncope in ... Miller TH, Kruse JE (October 2005). "Evaluation of syncope". American Family Physician. 72 (8): 1492-500. PMID 16273816. ... "Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009)". European Heart Journal. 30 (21): 2631-71. doi:10.1093/ ...
"Menwar: L'appel de la Ravanne". Syncope (in French). 5. October 2004. Retrieved 27 March 2008. Seblin, Michaëlla (18 May 2003 ...
Excludes: age-related cognitive decline (R41.81) sarcopenia (M62.84) senile psychosis (F03) senilityNOS(R41.81). R55 Syncope ...
Franco Folino A (2007). "Cerebral autoregulation and syncope". Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 50 (1): 49-80. doi:10.1016/ ...
Weingart, C.; Schneider, H.-J.; Sieber, C. C. (September 2017). "[Syncope, falls and vertigo]". Der Internist. 58 (9): 916-924 ...
In people with syncope, the three-year mortality rate is 50% if the aortic valve is not replaced. It is unclear why aortic ... Syncope evaluation and management. Tex Heart Inst J. 2005;32(2):204-206. Bertazzo S, Gentleman E, Cloyd KL, Chester AH, Yacoub ... Syncope (fainting spells) from aortic valve stenosis is usually exertional. In the setting of heart failure it increases the ... Syncope in aortic valvular stenosis. Lancet. 1984 Nov 17;2(8412):1113-6. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)91555-1. PMID 6150181. ...
17, 1999) cites the inscription as a closing to a discussion of "deglutition syncope", the medical term for fainting when ... Carey, B. J.; De Caestecker, J.; Panerai, R. B. (1999). "More on Deglutition Syncope". New England Journal of Medicine. 341 (17 ...
The primary symptom of vasovagal fear is vasovagal syncope, or fainting due to a decrease of blood pressure. Many people who ... Prompted by the sight of the injection the phobic may exhibit the normal symptoms of vasovagal syncope and fainting or collapse ... An evolutionary psychology theory that explains the association to vasovagal syncope is that some forms of fainting are non- ... Other medical journal articles have discussed additional aspects of this possible link between vasovagal syncope and ...
Vasovagal syncope is a form of dysautonomia characterized by an inappropriate drop in blood pressure while in the upright ... Vasovagal syncope occurs as a result of increased activity of the vagus nerve, the mainstay of the parasympathetic nervous ... If the blood pressure is sufficiently low, fainting (syncope) may occur. Low blood pressure is sometimes associated with ... Kenny, R. A.; McNicholas, T. (December 2016). "The management of vasovagal syncope". QJM: Monthly Journal of the Association of ...
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Syncope". Syncope may refer to: Syncope (medicine), also ... Look up syncope in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... in music Syncope (frog), a genus of microhylidae frogs Syncopy ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Syncope. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to ... known as fainting Syncope (phonology), the loss of one or more sounds, particularly an unstressed vowel, from the interior of a ...
... or syncope, is a brief loss of consciousness when blood flow to the brain suddenly drops. Know the causes and what to do if ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Syncope (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Syncope, Vasovagal (National Institutes of ... Article: Ambulatory investigation of palpitations, pre-syncope and syncope with AliveCor KardiaMobile and... ... Vasovagal Syncope (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish ...
Although most causes of syncope are benign, this symptom presages a life-threatening event in some patients. Are you familiar ... Syncope is defined as a transient, self-limited loss of consciousness with an inability to maintain postural tone that is ... Syncope is a prevalent disorder, accounting for 1%-3% of emergency department (ED) visits and as many as 6% of hospital ... Although most causes of syncope are benign, this symptom presages a life-threatening event in a small subset of patients. ...
ACP advocates on behalf of internal medicine physicians and their patients on a number of timely issues. Learn about where ACP stands on the following areas:. ...
Neurally mediated syncope is the most common type and has a benign course, whereas cardiac syncope is associated with increased ... Low-risk patients with a single episode of syncope can often be reassured with no further investigation. High-risk patients ... Patients with presyncope have similar prognoses to those with syncope and should undergo a similar evaluation. A standardized ... The treatment of neurally mediated and orthostatic hypotension syncope is largely supportive, although severe cases may require ...
Syncope is defined as a transient, self-limited loss of consciousness with an inability to maintain postural tone that is ... Syncope in advanced heart failure: high risk of sudden death regardless of origin of syncope. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 Jan. 21(1 ... Distinguishing cardiac syncope from vasovagal syncope in a referral population. J Pediatr. 2013 Dec. 163(6):1618-1623.e1. [QxMD ... Prevention of Syncope Trial (POST): a randomized, placebo-controlled study of metoprolol in the prevention of vasovagal syncope ...
Create new Enduser UI with same features as current, but fully built on the same grounds as Admin Console, to maximize reuse.. Sub tasks:. ...
Louis Childrens Hospital Heart Center specialize in the treatment of syncope and other congenital heart defects. Talk to a St ... Syncope is a brief loss of consciousness and muscle tone that can occur when not enough blood gets to the brain. Syncope is ... Some causes of syncope include:. *Vasovagal syndrome (or neurocardiogenic syncope). A sudden drop in blood pressure with or ... Most syncope in children is harmless. In a small number of children, serious heart problems may be the cause of syncope. Sudden ...
... Name Last modified Size Description. Parent Directory - 1.0.0-RC1-incubating/ 2012-06-01 12: ...
Neurocardiogenic syncope (also referred to as vasovagal syncope, neurally mediated syncope, or reflex syncope) frequently ... WHAT CAUSES SYNCOPE?. To sustain consciousness, the brain requires a minimum of 3 mL O2 per 100 g of tissue per minute; syncope ... Neurologic Causes of Syncope. Although neurologic problems are among the least common causes of syncope (5%-10%),6,7,33 ... Cardiac Causes of Syncope. Although cardiogenic syncope is often heralded by a substantial history of structural and/or ...
Apache/2.4.56 (Debian) Server at sunsite.icm.edu.pl Port ...
... Name. Last modified. Size. Description. ...
Access to the content of the Veterinary Focus website is reserved for animal health professionals. If you do not yet have a user account with Royal Canin you can create a free account by selecting the New User form. Subscription to the journal is free and issues in your preferred language can be obtained at the Veterinary Focus website.. ...
Increase in plasma beta endorphins precedes vasodepressor syncope.. D. R. Wallbridge H. E. MacIntyre C. E. Gray M. A. Denvir K ... Increase in plasma beta endorphins precedes vasodepressor syncope. - May 01, 1994. This article has a correction. Please see:. ... Plasma beta endorphin concentrations increase after vasodepressor syncope induced by exercise or by fasting. AIMS--To take ... PATIENTS--24 patients undergoing tilt testing for investigation of unexplained syncope. SETTING--Tertiary referral centre. ...
Carotid sinus syncope is defined as syncope due to the manipulation of the carotid sinuses (i.e., rotation/turning of the head ... Syncope. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1856-1862. 11. Grubb BP. Neurocardiogenic syncope. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1004-1010. 12. ... Neurocardiogenic syncope is the most common type of syncope among children and adults, accounting for up to 50% of cases.13,14 ... Prevention of Syncope Trial (POST): a randomized, placebo-controlled study of metoprolol in the prevention of vasovagal syncope ...
To add a label to the list of required labels, choose + labelname from Related Labels.. ...
Syncope is relatively common, but the cause is unknown in more than one-third of patients. The association described here is ... Ten females and one male, aged 19-64 years, with syncope and Raynauds disease were seen over a period of 6 years. The features ... Syncope in this condition may result from transient brainstem ischaemia, and brainstem spreading depression might also be ... Three had previous diagnoses of non-epileptic attack disorder (psychogenic seizures). Syncope and Raynauds disease improved in ...
A score ,3 is considered the best discriminator for a diagnosis of cardiac syncope with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity ... A score ,3 is considered the best discriminator for a diagnosis of cardiac syncope with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity ... Clinical predictors of cardiac syncope at initial evaluation in patients referred urgently to a general hospital: the EGSYS ... Clinical predictors of cardiac syncope at initial evaluation in patients referred urgently to a general hospital: the EGSYS ...
Risk factors for cardiogenic syncope include him being a man ,60 years of age without any prior syncope. The syncope event was ... The most important piece of history was that the syncope event occurred during exertion. For patients with exertional syncope, ... Evaluation of Suspected Cardiogenic Syncope. Mar 17, 2022 , Pattara Rattanawong, MD; Dan Sorajja, MD, FACC *. Print. ... that exercise stress testing can be useful to establish the cause of syncope in selected patients who experience syncope or ...
4. Apache Syncope Ext: SAML2 SP4UI REST API2 usages. org.apache.syncope.ext.saml2sp4ui » syncope-ext-saml2sp4ui-rest-apiApache ... 1. Apache Syncope Ext: SAML2 SP4UI Common Lib3 usages. org.apache.syncope.ext.saml2sp4ui » syncope-ext-saml2sp4ui-common-lib ... 3. Apache Syncope Ext: SAML2 SP4UI Common UI2 usages. org.apache.syncope.ext.saml2sp4ui » syncope-ext-saml2sp4ui-client-common- ... 7. Apache Syncope Ext: SAML2 SP4UI Logic1 usages. org.apache.syncope.ext.saml2sp4ui » syncope-ext-saml2sp4ui-logicApache ...
Syncope with Eye Drops in Animals. Would you know what to do with a patient who had ingested eye drops? See how your treatment ...
... you might experience Christmas Tree Syncope.. -Wes ... How to Avoid Christmas Tree Syncope. *Santas Preventative ...
Vasovagal syncope is a medical term for a common fainting episode. It is often triggered by stress or specific sights. ... How Is Vasovagal Syncope Diagnosed?. Vasovagal syncope is all about fainting, but why does it happen? To figure it out, doctors ... What Exactly Is Vasovagal Syncope?. Vasovagal syncope is defined as a momentary loss of consciousness. It happens when your ... What Is Vasovagal Syncope And How To Prevent It?. Written by David G Kiely ...
OR (syncope or non convulsive syncope or syncopal attack).mp.} LIMIT to (human and english language)]. The Cochrane Library, ... The clinical picture may be suggestive of a genuine seizure disorder or syncope. Syncope as a presenting complaint accounts for ... If a serum prolactin concentration is greater than three times the baseline when taken within one hour of syncope, then in the ... A diagnostic accuracy of 45% has been suggested using history and examination alone in predicting the cause of syncope.2 ...
Situational vs vasovagal syncope : one but different?. *Mark. Johansson, Madeleine LU and Fedorowski, Artur LU (2024) In Heart ... Syncope. in Heart. volume. 110. issue. 1. pages. 3 - 4. publisher. BMJ Publishing Group. external identifiers. *scopus: ... Syncope}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{3--4}}, publisher = {{BMJ Publishing Group}}, series = {{Heart}}, ... title = {{Situational vs vasovagal syncope : one but different?}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2023-323180}}, ...
Formal analysis of the optimal duration of tilt testing for the diagnosis of neurally mediated syncope. Download Prime PubMed ... Formal Analysis of the Optimal Duration of Tilt Testing for the Diagnosis of Neurally Mediated Syncope. Am Heart J. 2001;141(2 ... Formal analysis of the optimal duration of tilt testing for the diagnosis of neurally mediated syncope. Am Heart J. 2001;141(2 ... Formal analysis of the optimal duration of tilt testing for the diagnosis of neurally mediated syncope.. Am Heart J. 2001 Feb; ...
By far the most pronounced symptom of mine is what I presume to be episodes of pre-syncope. A very sudden feeling of faintness ... Syncope happens so your brain can get oxygen when you faint or lie down. When the level is not good enough, the brain tells us ... Syncope happens so your brain can get oxygen when you faint or lie down. When the level is not good enough, the brain tells us ... By far the most pronounced symptom of mine is what I presume to be episodes of pre-syncope. A very sudden feeling of faintness ...
A series of questions and answers that are worth asking and answering in order to understand the shifts in the North Africa geopolitical landscape. The first question would be: Why do historians in North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa not mention Mauritania as having been, like Morocco, a bulwark against the domination of the Ottoman Empire throughout the region?
1. Apache Syncope Ext: SAML2 SP4UI Common UI2 usages. org.apache.syncope.ext.saml2sp4ui » syncope-ext-saml2sp4ui-client-common- ... 2. Apache Syncope Ext: SAML2 SP4UI REST CXF. org.apache.syncope.ext.saml2sp4ui » syncope-ext-saml2sp4ui-rest-cxfApache ... Home » org.apache.syncope.ext.saml2sp4ui » syncope-ext-saml2sp4ui-rest-api » Usages ... Artifacts using Apache Syncope Ext: SAML2 SP4UI REST API (2). Sort: popular , newest ...
... were seen in women with vasovagal syncope. Conclusion Women prone to vasovagal syncope demonstrate reduced cardiac preload, ... Introduction Vasovagal reflex is the most common type of syncope but its etiology is not fully elucidated. Venous return and ... Results Women prone to vasovagal syncope presented with a narrower right ventricle (RV) (29 +/- 1 vs 32 +/- 1 mm, P amp;lt; .05 ... Methods Fourteen women (aged 18-30) suffering from recurrent vasovagal syncope and 15 age-matched healthy women were included. ...
  • Patients with syncope who are at low risk of adverse events (e.g., those with symptoms consistent with vasovagal or orthostatic hypotension syncope, no history of heart disease, no family history of sudden cardiac death, and normal electrocardiographic findings) may be safely followed without further intervention or treatment. (aafp.org)
  • Further classifications of this particular type of syncope include situational, carotid sinus, and vasovagal syncope. (uspharmacist.com)
  • What Is Vasovagal Syncope And How To Prevent It? (spts.org)
  • Vasovagal syncope is a medical term for a common fainting episode. (spts.org)
  • Vasovagal syncope results from a temporary drop in blood pressure. (spts.org)
  • This article delves into the definition, diagnosis, and prevention of vasovagal syncope. (spts.org)
  • What Exactly Is Vasovagal Syncope? (spts.org)
  • Vasovagal syncope is defined as a momentary loss of consciousness. (spts.org)
  • How Is Vasovagal Syncope Diagnosed? (spts.org)
  • Vasovagal syncope is all about fainting, but why does it happen? (spts.org)
  • A single episode of vasovagal syncope might not be alarming. (spts.org)
  • In summary, understanding vasovagal syncope is the first step in its prevention. (spts.org)
  • Situational vs vasovagal syncope : one but different? (lu.se)
  • Introduction Vasovagal reflex is the most common type of syncope but its etiology is not fully elucidated. (diva-portal.org)
  • The aim of the study was to assess cardiovascular biomarkers and echocardiographic measures at rest and during hypovolemia in women with and without a history of vasovagal syncope. (diva-portal.org)
  • Methods Fourteen women (aged 18-30) suffering from recurrent vasovagal syncope and 15 age-matched healthy women were included. (diva-portal.org)
  • 01) were seen in women with vasovagal syncope. (diva-portal.org)
  • Conclusion Women prone to vasovagal syncope demonstrate reduced cardiac preload, lower cardiac output, as well as increased release of vasopressin in rest and during hypovolemic challenge. (diva-portal.org)
  • The results emphasize the importance of venous return and cardiac output in the pathogenesis of vasovagal syncope. (diva-portal.org)
  • Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most prevalent type of syncope and its management includes pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • International databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase were searched with keywords related to "vasovagal syncope" and "vitamin D." Studies were screened and the data were extracted from them. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Aims: To investigate the association of vitamin D deficiency with cardiovascular autonomic nervous system function in children and adolescents with vasovagal syncope (VVS). (vitamindwiki.com)
  • The two most common causes for syncope are neurocardiogenic (aka vasovagal) syncope and orthostatic syncope. (seattleneurology.org)
  • Syncope involving these mechanisms (except for hemorrhage) is often termed vasovagal or neurocardiogenic and is common and benign. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Ganglionated Plexus Ablation Procedures to Treat Vasovagal Syncope. (bvsalud.org)
  • Vasovagal syncope (VVS) refers to a heterogeneous group of conditions whereby the cardiovascular reflexes normally controlling the circulation are interrupted irregularly in response to a trigger, resulting in vasodilation , bradycardia , or both. (bvsalud.org)
  • Syncope is defined as a transient, self-limited loss of consciousness with an inability to maintain postural tone that is followed by spontaneous recovery. (medscape.com)
  • Syncope is an abrupt and transient loss of consciousness caused by cerebral hypoperfusion. (aafp.org)
  • Syncope is a brief loss of consciousness and muscle tone that can occur when not enough blood gets to the brain. (stlouischildrens.org)
  • Syncope is a transient loss of consciousness associated with a loss of postural tone due to decreased cerebral perfusion. (uspharmacist.com)
  • syncope - ► NOUN 1) Medicine temporary loss of consciousness caused by low blood pressure. (en-academic.com)
  • Syncope can be a seizure imitator and seizures can cause loss of consciousness due to bradyarrhythmia and hypotenstion. (medscape.com)
  • Syncope is a sudden, brief loss of consciousness with loss of postural tone followed by spontaneous revival. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Near-syncope is light-headedness and a sense of an impending faint without loss of consciousness. (msdmanuals.com)
  • can cause sudden loss of consciousness but are not considered syncope. (msdmanuals.com)
  • rarely cause syncope because most of them do not involve the centrencephalic structures that must be affected to cause loss of consciousness. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Implantable loop recorders increase diagnostic yield, reduce time to diagnosis, and are cost-effective for suspected cardiac syncope and unexplained syncope. (aafp.org)
  • The association described here is important in establishing an exact diagnosis in some patients with syncope, and in providing new treatment options. (bmj.com)
  • If one were to choose monitoring at this point for suspected cardiogenic syncope, a longer-duration monitor, including an implantable loop recorder, would provide higher yield to make a diagnosis. (acc.org)
  • Syncope management is fraught with unnecessary tests and frequent failure to establish a diagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We selected articles if they addressed the pathophysiology of syncope, classification and causes, differential diagnosis, noninvasive and invasive evaluation, and current therapy. (umn.edu)
  • Prehospital management of syncope covers a wide spectrum of acute care and includes rapid assessment of airway, breathing, circulation, and neurologic status. (medscape.com)
  • Low-risk patients with a single episode of syncope can often be reassured with no further investigation. (aafp.org)
  • A meta-analysis of studies of the usefulness of raised serum prolactin in diagnosing generalised tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) in patients presenting to the accident and emergency (A&E) department after a single episode of syncope. (bmj.com)
  • A 24 year old patient suffers a single episode of syncope. (bmj.com)
  • Syncope in this condition may result from transient brainstem ischaemia, and brainstem spreading depression might also be involved. (bmj.com)
  • Fast Five Quiz: Syncope - Medscape - Nov 20, 2018. (medscape.com)
  • We evaluated the potential of implementing the 2018 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Syncope Guidelines regarding diagnostic yield, accuracy and costs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such studies are, as yet, lacking the methodology of comparing two sequential groups and also lacking for the latest most recent 2018 ESC Syncope Guidelines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the prospective, multicenter Syncope Unit Project 2 (SUP 2) study, Brignole et al investigated the long-term effects and determinants of success of cardiac pacing in patients with severe unpredictable recurrent reflex syncope. (medscape.com)
  • Recurrent syncope has a significant impact on quality of life [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Future research should focus on defining the validity and utility of current diagnostic testing in syncope and on exploring further the pathophysiology of patients with recurrent, unexplained syncope. (umn.edu)
  • Carotid sinus syncope is defined as syncope due to the manipulation of the carotid sinuses (i.e., rotation/turning of the head or pressure placed on the carotid sinuses) that may be reproduced by carotid sinus massage. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Neurocardiogenic syncope is the most common type of syncope among children and adults, accounting for up to 50% of cases. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Although the exact mechanism of this type of syncope is not fully understood, it is believed to occur as a result of reflex-mediated changes in vascular tone and/or heart rate. (uspharmacist.com)
  • An undescribed association between syncope and Raynaud's disease is presented. (bmj.com)
  • A chance association between syncope and Raynaud's disease is statistically unlikely, and a pathophysiological link between the two is explored. (bmj.com)
  • BACKGROUND--Endogenous opioids have a tonic inhibitory effect on sympathetic tone and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of vasodepressor syncope. (bmj.com)
  • Neurally mediated syncope is the most common type and has a benign course, whereas cardiac syncope is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. (aafp.org)
  • a common benign cause of syncope, results from failure of normal mechanisms (eg, sinus tachycardia, vasoconstriction, or both) to compensate for the temporary decrease in venous return that occurs with standing. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Situational syncope treatment focuses on educating patients about the condition. (medscape.com)
  • Situational syncope refers to neurally mediated syncope commonly associated with cough, micturition, and defecation. (uspharmacist.com)
  • 5 second) seizure sometimes occurs with true syncope. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Neurocardiogenic syncope is a self-limiting condition caused by an abnormal or exaggerated autonomic response to certain stimuli. (uspharmacist.com)
  • therefore, it is commonly used synonymously with the term neurocardiogenic syncope . (uspharmacist.com)
  • However, it is believed that 50% to 66% of these patients actually experience neurocardiogenic syncope. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Neurocardiogenic syncope is precipitated by certain situations such as blood-draws, hearing bad news, spraining an ankle, or playing the trumpet. (seattleneurology.org)
  • Abboud, Francois M. / Neurocardiogenic syncope . (elsevierpure.com)
  • The clinical picture may be suggestive of a genuine seizure disorder or syncope. (bmj.com)
  • Furthermore, clinical evaluation and routine investigation in the A&E department may be inadequately sensitive to separate seizure from syncope. (bmj.com)
  • Syncope is classified as neurally mediated, cardiac, and orthostatic hypotension. (aafp.org)
  • The treatment of neurally mediated and orthostatic hypotension syncope is largely supportive, although severe cases may require pharmacotherapy. (aafp.org)
  • Although tilt testing has emerged as the test of choice for assessing patients with suspected neurally mediated syncope, the optimum duration of tilt testing is poorly defined. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Our purpose was to formally estimate the effects of varying duration of drug-free tilt testing on test performance in diagnosing neurally mediated syncope. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Test yield was evaluated as a function of tilt duration in 213 consecutive patients referred to our laboratory for the evaluation of suspected neurally mediated syncope who underwent passive tilt testing for up to 30 to 60 minutes. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Passive tilt testing (ie, tilt testing without pharmacologic provocation) for durations of up to 60 minutes has limited sensitivity for diagnosing neurally mediated syncope. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • At this point, an electrophysiology study would be premature, but is reasonable in selected patients with a suspected arrhythmia etiology for the syncope. (acc.org)
  • However, for others, syncope can serve as the first and only warning sign of impending and serious cardiac conditions (arrhythmia, aortic dissection, aortic valve stenosis) or various neurological conditions (seizures and epilepsy). (hnnclinic.com)
  • However, seizures must be considered in patients presenting for apparent syncope because history may be unclear or unavailable, and some seizures do not cause tonic-clonic convulsions. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Carotid artery disease causing syncope without any neurological sequalae is unlikely. (acc.org)
  • Syncope is commonly called fainting. (stlouischildrens.org)
  • H ave you ever been curious about how serious fainting, swooning, and syncope are or can be? (psychiatrist.com)
  • I've searched high and low for a code for syncope/fainting/passing out during pregnancy and can't really find anything that's appropriate. (codapedia.com)
  • A research program supported by PSI Foundation has become the world's largest study on syncope (fainting) in the emergency department. (psifoundation.org)
  • Syncope is just another word for fainting, and thus, pre-syncope refers to the state of near-fainting. (hnnclinic.com)
  • Patients presenting with syncope should have orthostatic blood pressure measurements and standard 12-lead electrocardiography. (aafp.org)
  • A standard 12-lead ECG is a level A recommendation in the 2007 ACEP consensus guidelines for syncope. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with syncope and evidence of congestive heart failure or structural heart disease, abnormal electrocardiographic findings, or a family history of sudden death should be admitted to the hospital for emergent evaluation. (aafp.org)
  • Syncope is a momentary suspension of the blood flow and the cerebral activity provoking a sudden and temporary blackout. (anarhija.net)
  • Clinical predictors of cardiac syncope at initial evaluation in patients referred urgently to a general hospital: the EGSYS score. (medscape.com)
  • 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients with Syncope: a Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. (acc.org)
  • In 2009, Dr. Thiruganasambandamoorthy received a PSI research grant to develop a clinical decision tool to predict which patients who present to the emergency department after syncope are at highest risk of having a serious issue diagnosed within 30 days. (psifoundation.org)
  • The Canadian Syncope Risk Score provides emergency physicians with the probability of a patient having a serious outcome within 30 days based on several factors from the physician's clinical evaluation and investigations. (psifoundation.org)
  • With the design and validation complete, Dr. Thiruganasambandamoorthy received a PSI-50 Mid-Career Clinical Research Award in early 2020 to implement the Canadian Syncope Risk Score in 20 centres across Canada. (psifoundation.org)
  • Study Selection: We reviewed approximately 200 published articles on syncope and closely related topics as well as using our own clinical experience. (umn.edu)
  • Results of Data Synthesis: Syncope is a common clinical problem, occurring in 30% to 50% of the adult population. (umn.edu)
  • These measures, along with 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), are the only current level A recommendations listed in the 2007 American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) Clinical Policy on Syncope. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with presyncope have similar prognoses to those with syncope and should undergo a similar evaluation. (aafp.org)
  • A standardized approach to syncope evaluation reduces hospital admissions and medical costs, and increases diagnostic accuracy. (aafp.org)
  • Avoid computed tomography of the head in asymptomatic adult patients in the emergency department with syncope, insignificant trauma, and a normal neurologic evaluation. (aafp.org)
  • In the evaluation of simple syncope and a normal neurologic evaluation, do not obtain brain imaging studies (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). (aafp.org)
  • In most cases (up to 50%), patients who experience syncope have no exact cause despite comprehensive evaluation. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Cardiac syncope has the worst prognosis and therefore mandates thorough evaluation and prompt treatment. (umn.edu)
  • More extensive evaluation, including invasive electrophysiologic studies, has assumed a larger role in defining the cause of syncope in selected patients with structural heart disease in whom a noninvasive evaluation has been nondiagnostic. (umn.edu)
  • Conclusions: A rational stepwise diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patients with syncope can be developed by initially doing a careful history and physical examination followed by a noninvasive evaluation and selective use of additional, more specialized or invasive tests. (umn.edu)
  • No specific laboratory testing has sufficient power to be absolutely indicated for evaluation of syncope. (medscape.com)
  • Most syncope results from insufficient cerebral blood flow. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The treatment choice for syncope depends on the cause or precipitant of the syncope. (medscape.com)
  • The prognosis for syncope depends on its cause. (umn.edu)
  • Treatment for syncope depends on the underlying illness. (hnnclinic.com)
  • Patients who present with presyncope should be evaluated similarly to those who present with syncope. (aafp.org)
  • For his treatment, the guidelines recommend (Class IIa, Level of Evidence C-LD) that exercise stress testing can be useful to establish the cause of syncope in selected patients who experience syncope or presyncope during exertion. (acc.org)
  • AIMS--To take frequent samples for plasma beta endorphin estimation during tilt testing, and to determine whether plasma beta endorphin increased before the start of syncope. (bmj.com)
  • PATIENTS--24 patients undergoing tilt testing for investigation of unexplained syncope. (bmj.com)
  • Laboratory and imaging studies should be ordered for patients with syncope only if clinically indicated by the history and physical examination. (aafp.org)
  • Recently tilttable studies have been proposed as a clinically useful noninvasive test for vagally mediated syncope. (umn.edu)
  • Syncope is due to a lack of blood flow to the brain which results in lightheadedness and loss of postural tone. (seattleneurology.org)
  • Do not perform imaging of the carotid arteries for simple syncope without other neurologic symptoms. (aafp.org)
  • Did your child had any symptoms before the syncope? (stlouischildrens.org)
  • Here we report the case of a 30-year-old woman presenting with syncope, who was found to have severe myocardial conduction delays in the setting of chronic loperamide abuse. (escholarship.org)
  • Rarely, patients with severe cervical arthritis or spondylosis develop vertebrobasilar insufficiency with syncope when the head is moved in certain positions. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency department after having abrupt syncope while hiking in Sedona, Arizona. (acc.org)
  • Cardiac syncope may require cardiac device placement or ablation. (aafp.org)
  • My arrhythmia(AVRT/SVT/AF) has returned following the ablation, however having had a holter my EP thinks these episodes of pre-syncope are not due to a rouge cardiac arrhythmia. (dinet.org)
  • The novel procedure of ganglionated plexus (GP) ablation has emerged rapidly in the past two decades, and has been proven successful in treating syncope . (bvsalud.org)
  • Syncope is a prevalent disorder, accounting for 1%-3% of emergency department (ED) visits and as many as 6% of hospital admissions each year in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • For patients with exertional syncope, exercise stress testing can evaluate for several structural issues, such as aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, especially considering that there was a systolic murmur on examination. (acc.org)
  • A study to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the San Francisco Syncope Rule (SFSR) ECG criteria for determining cardiac outcomes found that when used correctly, the criteria can help predict which syncope patients are at risk of cardiac outcomes. (medscape.com)
  • Syncope is very common, affecting up to 40% of all people at least once in a lifetime. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Syncope accounts for 1% to 1.5% of all emergency department visits, 250,000 annual hospital admissions, and a median hospital cost of $8,500. (aafp.org)
  • Syncope may be the manifestation of an acute life-threatening process but is generally not an emergency. (medscape.com)
  • Syncope accounts for 1% to 6% of hospital admissions and 3% of emergency departments visits. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Syncope as a presenting complaint accounts for up to 3% of emergency department visits and up to 6% of acute medical admissions. (bmj.com)
  • ESC Syncope Guidelines implementation in the emergency department with quick referral routes to a syncope unit improved diagnostic yield and accuracy and lowered societal costs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Just by putting one brick after another together, we have become the world's largest program on emergency department syncope. (psifoundation.org)
  • He intended to do a small chart review of patients, but as he started reading the literature, he found that very little research had been done about the outcomes of syncope patients, despite about 160,000 syncope patients coming to Canadian emergency departments every year. (psifoundation.org)
  • The diagnostic yield of a short-term Holter monitor is low in his presentation with an isolated syncope when the frequency of recurrence is unknown. (acc.org)
  • Secondary outcome measures included diagnostic yield, syncope-related healthcare and societal costs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For more information regarding pediatric syncope services in St. Louis or to make an appointment, please call 314.454.5437 or 800.678.5437 or email us . (stlouischildrens.org)
  • 151 Pediatric Cardiology Conference: "Syncope: Why do we fall? (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • In cases of unexplained syncope, provocative testing and prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring strategies can be diagnostic. (aafp.org)
  • Tests performed for evaluating syncope can include an EEG, EKG, provocative upper limb arterial duplex study for possible subclavian steal syndrome, and a 24-hr Holter-monitor. (seattleneurology.org)
  • Syncope occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to the brain. (hnnclinic.com)
  • For many, syncope occurs infrequently. (hnnclinic.com)
  • How often does syncope occur? (stlouischildrens.org)
  • Apache Syncope can be instructed to send out notification e-mails when certain events occur. (tirasa.net)
  • Have you ever considered how to best treat a patient with single or multiple episodes of syncope? (psychiatrist.com)
  • By far the most pronounced symptom of mine is what I presume to be episodes of pre-syncope. (dinet.org)
  • This study has identified that nearly 1 of every 6 elderly patients that presented with a first episode of syncope had a pulmonary embolism. (medicalbag.com)