Synchrotrons
X-Ray Diffraction
X-Rays
Crystallization
Particle Accelerators
Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
Crystallography, X-Ray
Scattering, Radiation
Scattering, Small Angle
Microspectrophotometry
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Hemibody Irradiation
Iron in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease. An in vitro study using extended X-ray absorption fine structure and cryo-electron microscopy. (1/504)
Iron is found in high concentration in some areas of the brain, and increased iron in the substantia nigra is a feature of Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical environment of brain iron in post-mortem tissue to provide information on the possible role of iron in neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Iron has also been implicated as the cause of signal loss in areas of high brain iron on T2-weighted MRI sequences. Knowledge of the physical environment of the brain iron is essential in interpreting the cause of signal change. Post-mortem tissue was obtained from six cases of Parkinson's disease and from six age-matched controls. Iron levels were measured using absorption spectrophotometry. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure was used to evaluate the atomic environment of iron within the substantia nigra and both segments of the globus pallidus. Cryo-electron transmission microscopy was used to probe the iron storage proteins in these areas. Iron levels were increased in the parkinsonian nigra and lateral portion of the globus pallidus. Spectra from the extended X-ray absorption fine structure experiments showed that ferritin was the only storage protein detectable in both control and parkinsonian tissue in all areas studied. Cryo-electron transmission microscopy studies showed that ferritin was more heavily loaded with iron in Parkinson's disease when compared with age-matched controls. In summary we have shown that iron levels are increased in two areas of the brain in Parkinson's disease including the substantia nigra, the site of maximal neurodegeneration. This produces increased loading of ferritin, which is the normal brain iron storage protein. It is possible that increased loading of ferritin may increase the risk of free radical-induced damage. Differences in ferritin loading may explain regional differences in iron's effect on the T2 signal. (+info)Branching patterns of intramural coronary vessels determined by microangiography using synchrotron radiation. (2/504)
The intramural coronary artery (IMCA) with a diameter of 50-500 micrometers is critical for blood supply to the inner layers of heart muscle. We introduced digital measurement to microangiography using monochromatic synchrotron radiation and quantified branching patterns of the IMCA, the epicardial coronary artery (EPCA), and the distal ileal artery (DIA). The pre- and postbranching diameters were measured (95-1,275 micrometers) in seven dogs. A typical arterial segment divided into two nearly equivalent branches, and a regression line of daughter-to-mother diameter plots was almost identical among the EPCA (y = 0.838x - 16.7 in micrometers), IMCA (y = 0.737x - 2.18), and DIA (y = 0.755x + 8.63). However, a considerable difference was present at a segment where a proximal IMCA branched off from an EPCA (y = 0.182x + 90.2). Moreover, a proximal IMCA diameter had no relationship to the branching order from an EPCA. The precision of this method was confirmed by the good correlation of diameter measurements between two independent observers (r = 0.999, y = 1.02x - 1.07). In conclusion, using digital microangiography we demonstrated that the self-similar branching pattern of coronary arteries was discrete at the connection between the IMCA and EPCA. (+info)Digitized cerebral synchrotron radiation angiography: quantitative evaluation of the canine circle of Willis and its large and small branches. (3/504)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Conventional X-ray angiography lacks the sensitivity and spatial resolution needed to detect small amounts of iodinated contrast material and to quantitate diameters of the small vessels in the brain. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether digitized synchrotron radiation microangiography, with the use of a high-definition TV camera system, can accurately show small cerebral vessels. METHODS: Six anesthetized dogs were exposed to monochromatic synchrotron radiation with an energy level of 33.3 keV optimized for iodine detection while iodinated contrast material was injected into the brachiocephalic and vertebral arteries. The images were detected with a high-definition TV camera system with a spatial resolution of 30 microm. In all, 26 cerebral angiograms of the circle of Willis with its branches were obtained, and the images were digitized at a workstation. RESULTS: The small branches of the circle of Willis were clearly visible on all images. Vasodilatation of the circle of Willis and its large and small branches induced by CO2 inhalation was quantitatively confirmed on the images: for example, the diameter of one small branch was increased from 0.24 +/- 0.04 mm to 0.38 +/- 0.12 mm. Temporal subtraction improved the image quality. CONCLUSION: The synchrotron radiation angiographic system is useful for visualizing large and small vessels deep in the brain as well as for quantitating their diameters. (+info)Yeast RNA polymerase II at 5 A resolution. (4/504)
Appropriate treatment of X-ray diffraction from an unoriented 18-heavy atom cluster derivative of a yeast RNA polymerase II crystal gave significant phase information to 5 A resolution. The validity of the phases was shown by close similarity of a 6 A electron density map to a 16 A molecular envelope of the polymerase from electron crystallography. Comparison of the 6 A X-ray map with results of electron crystallography of a paused transcription elongation complex suggests functional roles for two mobile protein domains: the tip of a flexible arm forms a downstream DNA clamp; and a hinged domain may serve as an RNA clamp, enclosing the transcript from about 8-18 residues upstream of the 3'-end in a tunnel. (+info)Viral evolution revealed by bacteriophage PRD1 and human adenovirus coat protein structures. (5/504)
The unusual bacteriophage PRD1 features a membrane beneath its icosahedral protein coat. The crystal structure of the major coat protein, P3, at 1.85 A resolution reveals a molecule with three interlocking subunits, each with two eight-stranded viral jelly rolls normal to the viral capsid, and putative membrane-interacting regions. Surprisingly, the P3 molecule closely resembles hexon, the equivalent protein in human adenovirus. Both viruses also have similar overall architecture, with identical capsid lattices and attachment proteins at their vertices. Although these two dsDNA viruses infect hosts from very different kingdoms, their striking similarities, from major coat protein through capsid architecture, strongly suggest their evolutionary relationship. (+info)Intramyocardial vascular volume distribution studied by synchrotron radiation-excited X-ray fluorescence. (6/504)
We evaluated the vascular volume distribution with fine resolution (0.1-1.3 mg myocardial tissue) in the sagittal plane of the left ventricle by using the microsphere filling method in 21 dogs. The coronary arterial volume density in the sagittal plane did not exhibit normal distribution and was characterized by variability among the outer-to-inner layers and within the layers (+2SD/-2SD > 80 times), and the median values in the layers ranged from 4.7 to 22. 9 nl/mg myocardial tissue. The fractal analysis of vascular volume revealed a self-similar nature with a fractal dimension (D value) similar to that of flow distribution (1.20 +/- 0.05 and 1.24 +/- 0. 09 for vascular volume and flow distribution, respectively) and had a more marked variability than the flow. The correlation of the regional vascular volume between adjacent regions decreased as the distance increased. However, the correlation coefficients in the endocardial-to-epicardial direction were significantly higher than those in the anterior-to-posterior direction (P < 0.05 by paired t-test). In conclusion, we determined intramyocardial vascular volume density in the sagittal plane, and the distribution revealed considerable variability, self-similarity, and asymmetry in the correlation among the adjacent regions. These observations could be related to the characteristics of the intramural coronary vascular network. (+info)Crystal versus solution structures of thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes. (7/504)
The quaternary structures of the thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1; from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), pyruvate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.3; from Lactobacillus plantarum), and pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1; from Zymomonas mobilis and brewers' yeast, the latter in the native and pyruvamide-activated forms) were examined by synchrotron x-ray solution scattering. The experimental scattering data were compared with the curves calculated from the crystallographic models of these multisubunit enzymes. For all enzymes noted above, except the very compact pyruvate decarboxylase from Z. mobilis, there were significant differences between the experimental and calculated profiles. The changes in relative positions of the subunits in solution were determined by rigid body refinement. For pyruvate oxidase and transketolase, which have tight intersubunit contacts in the crystal, relatively small modifications of the quaternary structure (root mean square displacements of 0.23 and 0.27 nm, respectively) sufficed to fit the experimental data. For the enzymes with looser contacts (the native and activated forms of yeast pyruvate decarboxylase), large modifications of the crystallographic models (root mean square displacements of 0.58 and 1.53 nm, respectively) were required. A clear correlation was observed between the magnitude of the distortions induced by the crystal environment and the interfacial area between subunits. (+info)Specific chemical and structural damage to proteins produced by synchrotron radiation. (8/504)
Radiation damage is an inherent problem in x-ray crystallography. It usually is presumed to be nonspecific and manifested as a gradual decay in the overall quality of data obtained for a given crystal as data collection proceeds. Based on third-generation synchrotron x-ray data, collected at cryogenic temperatures, we show for the enzymes Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase and hen egg white lysozyme that synchrotron radiation also can cause highly specific damage. Disulfide bridges break, and carboxyl groups of acidic residues lose their definition. Highly exposed carboxyls, and those in the active site of both enzymes, appear particularly susceptible. The catalytic triad residue, His-440, in acetylcholinesterase, also appears to be much more sensitive to radiation damage than other histidine residues. Our findings have direct practical implications for routine x-ray data collection at high-energy synchrotron sources. Furthermore, they provide a direct approach for studying the radiation chemistry of proteins and nucleic acids at a detailed, structural level and also may yield information concerning putative "weak links" in a given biological macromolecule, which may be of structural and functional significance. (+info)A synchrotron is not a medical term, but rather a type of particle accelerator used in physics and related fields. Therefore, it doesn't have a specific medical definition. However, synchrotrons do have important applications in medicine, particularly in the field of medical imaging and radiation therapy.
In brief, a synchrotron is a large circular accelerator that uses magnetic fields to bend and focus a beam of charged particles (such as electrons) into a narrow, intense beam. The particles are then accelerated to very high speeds using electric fields. As the particles pass through special devices called insertion devices, they emit light in the form of X-rays or other forms of electromagnetic radiation. These X-rays can be used for a variety of scientific and medical applications, including:
1. Medical imaging: Synchrotron X-rays can produce high-resolution images of the body's internal structures, such as bones, tissues, and organs. This is particularly useful in the study of complex anatomical structures or diseases that affect them.
2. Radiation therapy: Synchrotron radiation can be used to deliver highly targeted doses of radiation to cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. This technique, known as synchrotron-based radiotherapy, is still in the experimental stage but shows promise for improving the effectiveness and safety of radiation therapy.
3. Biomedical research: Synchrotron X-rays can be used to study the structure and function of biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, at a molecular level. This information can help researchers better understand the mechanisms of diseases and develop new drugs and therapies.
In summary, while synchrotrons are not medical terms themselves, they have important applications in medicine, particularly in medical imaging, radiation therapy, and biomedical research.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is not strictly a medical definition, but it is a technique commonly used in the field of medical research and diagnostics. XRD is a form of analytical spectroscopy that uses the phenomenon of X-ray diffraction to investigate the crystallographic structure of materials. When a beam of X-rays strikes a crystal, it is scattered in specific directions and with specific intensities that are determined by the arrangement of atoms within the crystal. By measuring these diffraction patterns, researchers can determine the crystal structures of various materials, including biological macromolecules such as proteins and viruses.
In the medical field, XRD is often used to study the structure of drugs and drug candidates, as well as to analyze the composition and structure of tissues and other biological samples. For example, XRD can be used to investigate the crystal structures of calcium phosphate minerals in bone tissue, which can provide insights into the mechanisms of bone formation and disease. Additionally, XRD is sometimes used in the development of new medical imaging techniques, such as phase-contrast X-ray imaging, which has the potential to improve the resolution and contrast of traditional X-ray images.
X-rays, also known as radiographs, are a type of electromagnetic radiation with higher energy and shorter wavelength than visible light. In medical imaging, X-rays are used to produce images of the body's internal structures, such as bones and organs, by passing the X-rays through the body and capturing the resulting shadows or patterns on a specialized film or digital detector.
The amount of X-ray radiation used is carefully controlled to minimize exposure and ensure patient safety. Different parts of the body absorb X-rays at different rates, allowing for contrast between soft tissues and denser structures like bone. This property makes X-rays an essential tool in diagnosing and monitoring a wide range of medical conditions, including fractures, tumors, infections, and foreign objects within the body.
Crystallization is a process in which a substance transitions from a liquid or dissolved state to a solid state, forming a crystal lattice. In the medical context, crystallization can refer to the formation of crystals within the body, which can occur under certain conditions such as changes in pH, temperature, or concentration of solutes. These crystals can deposit in various tissues and organs, leading to the formation of crystal-induced diseases or disorders.
For example, in patients with gout, uric acid crystals can accumulate in joints, causing inflammation, pain, and swelling. Similarly, in nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), minerals in the urine can crystallize and form stones that can obstruct the urinary tract. Crystallization can also occur in other medical contexts, such as in the formation of dental calculus or plaque, and in the development of cataracts in the eye.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Particle Accelerators" are not a medical term. Particle accelerators are large pieces of scientific equipment that use electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to high speeds and contain them in well-defined beams. They are used for a variety of purposes, including research in particle physics, nuclear physics, and synchrotron light sources in a wide range of disciplines, such as condensed matter physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!
X-ray emission spectrometry is a technique used to analyze the elements present in a sample by measuring the characteristic X-rays that are emitted when the sample is bombarded with high-energy X-rays or charged particles. The sample is excited to emit X-rays, which have specific energies (wavelengths) that correspond to the energy levels of the electrons in the atoms of the elements present in the sample. These X-ray emissions are then detected and analyzed using a spectrometer, which separates and measures the intensity of the different X-ray energies. The resulting spectrum provides information about the identity and quantity of the elements present in the sample. This technique is widely used in materials analysis, particularly for the identification and quantification of heavy metals and other elements in a variety of samples, including geological, biological, and industrial materials.
X-ray crystallography is a technique used in structural biology to determine the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice. In this method, a beam of X-rays is directed at a crystal and diffracts, or spreads out, into a pattern of spots called reflections. The intensity and angle of each reflection are measured and used to create an electron density map, which reveals the position and type of atoms in the crystal. This information can be used to determine the molecular structure of a compound, including its shape, size, and chemical bonds. X-ray crystallography is a powerful tool for understanding the structure and function of biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.
X-ray therapy, also known as radiation therapy, is a medical treatment that uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells and shrink or control the growth of tumors. The radiation used in x-ray therapy can come from a machine outside the body (external beam radiation) or from radioactive material placed in or near the tumor (internal radiation or brachytherapy).
The goal of x-ray therapy is to kill cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells. The treatment is carefully planned and tailored to the size, shape, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. X-ray therapy can be used alone or in combination with other cancer treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy.
It is important to note that x-ray therapy itself does not cause cancer, but it can increase the risk of developing secondary cancers in the future. This risk is generally low and will be weighed against the potential benefits of treatment. Patients should discuss any concerns about this risk with their healthcare provider.
Radiation scattering is a physical process in which radiation particles or waves deviate from their original direction due to interaction with matter. This phenomenon can occur through various mechanisms such as:
1. Elastic Scattering: Also known as Thomson scattering or Rayleigh scattering, it occurs when the energy of the scattered particle or wave remains unchanged after the collision. In the case of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light), this results in a change of direction without any loss of energy.
2. Inelastic Scattering: This type of scattering involves an exchange of energy between the scattered particle and the target medium, leading to a change in both direction and energy of the scattered particle or wave. An example is Compton scattering, where high-energy photons (e.g., X-rays or gamma rays) interact with charged particles (usually electrons), resulting in a decrease in photon energy and an increase in electron kinetic energy.
3. Coherent Scattering: In this process, the scattered radiation maintains its phase relationship with the incident radiation, leading to constructive and destructive interference patterns. An example is Bragg scattering, which occurs when X-rays interact with a crystal lattice, resulting in diffraction patterns that reveal information about the crystal structure.
In medical contexts, radiation scattering can have both beneficial and harmful effects. For instance, in diagnostic imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) scans, radiation scattering contributes to image noise and reduces contrast resolution. However, in radiation therapy for cancer treatment, controlled scattering of therapeutic radiation beams can help ensure that the tumor receives a uniform dose while minimizing exposure to healthy tissues.
Small angle scattering (SAS) in the context of medical physics refers to a technique used to study the structure of non-crystalline materials at the nanoscale. It is called "small angle" because the scattering angles are very small, typically less than a few degrees. This occurs when X-rays, neutrons, or electrons interact with a sample and are scattered in various directions. The intensity of the scattered radiation is measured as a function of the scattering angle, which provides information about the size, shape, and spatial distribution of the nanostructures within the sample. SAS can be used to study a wide range of biological and materials science samples, including proteins, polymers, colloids, and porous materials.
Microspectrophotometry (MSP) is a microanalytical technique that combines microspectroscopy and photometry to measure the absorption, reflection, or fluorescence spectra of extremely small samples, typically in the range of micrometers to sub-micrometers. This technique is often used in biomedical research and clinical settings for the analysis of cellular and subcellular structures, such as organelles, inclusion bodies, and single molecules.
MSP can provide detailed information about the chemical composition, molecular structure, and spatial distribution of biological samples, making it a valuable tool for studying various physiological and pathological processes, including gene expression, protein function, and cell-cell interactions. Additionally, MSP has been used in diagnostic applications to identify abnormalities in tissues and cells, such as cancerous or precancerous lesions, and to monitor the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
The technique involves using a microscope equipped with a high-resolution objective lens and a spectrophotometer to measure the intensity of light transmitted through or reflected from a sample at different wavelengths. The resulting spectra can be used to identify specific chemical components or molecular structures based on their characteristic absorption, reflection, or fluorescence patterns.
MSP is a powerful tool for studying biological systems at the microscopic level and has contributed significantly to our understanding of cellular and molecular biology. However, it requires specialized equipment and expertise to perform and interpret the data, making it a relatively complex and sophisticated technique.
X-ray microtomography, often referred to as micro-CT, is a non-destructive imaging technique used to visualize and analyze the internal structure of objects with high spatial resolution. It is based on the principles of computed tomography (CT), where multiple X-ray images are acquired at different angles and then reconstructed into cross-sectional slices using specialized software. These slices can be further processed to create 3D visualizations, allowing researchers and clinicians to examine the internal structure and composition of samples in great detail. Micro-CT is widely used in materials science, biology, medicine, and engineering for various applications such as material characterization, bone analysis, and defect inspection.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is a type of element-specific spectroscopic technique used in physics, chemistry, and materials science to study the electronic structure and local chemical environment of a material. It works by measuring the absorption of X-rays by the material as a function of energy. The X-ray absorption spectrum provides information about the unoccupied density of states above the Fermi level and the spatial distribution of the absorbing atom's electrons. This technique is particularly useful for studying materials with complex electronic structures, such as catalysts, batteries, and geological samples. There are several types of XAS, including X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS).
X-ray tomography, also known as computed tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography (CAT), is a medical imaging technique that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. In this technique, an X-ray source and detectors rotate around the patient, acquiring multiple X-ray projections at different angles. A computer then processes these projections to reconstruct tomographic images (slices) of the internal structures of the body, such as bones, organs, and soft tissues.
The term "tomography" comes from the Greek words "tome," meaning slice or section, and "graphein," meaning to write or record. X-ray tomography allows radiologists and other medical professionals to visualize and diagnose various conditions, such as fractures, tumors, infections, and internal injuries, more accurately and efficiently than with traditional X-ray imaging techniques.
It is important to note that while X-ray tomography provides valuable diagnostic information, it does involve exposure to ionizing radiation. Therefore, the benefits of the examination should outweigh the potential risks, and the use of this technique should be justified based on clinical necessity and patient safety considerations.
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a type of infrared spectroscopy that uses the Fourier transform mathematical technique to convert the raw data obtained from an interferometer into a more interpretable spectrum. This technique allows for the simultaneous collection of a wide range of wavelengths, resulting in increased sensitivity and speed compared to traditional dispersive infrared spectroscopy.
FTIR spectroscopy measures the absorption or transmission of infrared radiation by a sample as a function of frequency, providing information about the vibrational modes of the molecules present in the sample. This can be used for identification and quantification of chemical compounds, analysis of molecular structure, and investigation of chemical interactions and reactions.
In summary, FTIR spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique that uses infrared radiation to study the vibrational properties of molecules, with increased sensitivity and speed due to the use of Fourier transform mathematical techniques and an interferometer.
Selenomethionine is an organic form of selenium, which is an essential trace element in human nutrition. It is incorporated into proteins in place of methionine, one of the 20 standard amino acids, and functions as an antioxidant by helping to prevent cellular damage from free radicals. Selenomethionine can be found in a variety of foods, including brazil nuts, fish, meat, and whole grains, and is also available as a dietary supplement.
Hemibody irradiation is a medical procedure that involves the delivery of a large dose of radiation to one half (hemi) of the body. This technique is used in palliative care for patients with advanced cancer, particularly hematologic malignancies such as lymphoma and leukemia, who have widespread disease involvement in a particular hemibody.
The procedure can help alleviate symptoms like pain, bleeding, and discomfort caused by the cancer. It is typically administered as a single treatment or in a few sessions, depending on the individual case and response to therapy. Potential side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased blood cell counts.
Synchrotron
Australian Synchrotron
Wiggler (synchrotron)
Solaris (synchrotron)
Synchrotron function
Pseudogarypus synchrotron
ALBA (synchrotron)
Proton Synchrotron
Synchrotron radiation
Nimrod (synchrotron)
U-70 (synchrotron)
Synchrotron Radiation Source
Zero Gradient Synchrotron
Barcelona Synchrotron Park
Proton Synchrotron Booster
Alternating Gradient Synchrotron
Synchrotron Radiation Center
Synchrotron light source
Super Proton Synchrotron
Super Proton-Antiproton Synchrotron
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Sirius (synchrotron light source)
National Synchrotron Light Source
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute
Singapore Synchrotron Light Source
Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Synchrotron - Wikipedia
Berlin builds a second synchrotron | New Scientist
BNL | RHIC | Alternating Gradient Synchrotron
BNL | National Synchrotron Light Source II
Tales from the Synchrotron | Royal Ontario Museum
Metrology with Synchrotron Radiation - PTB.de
Trilobite's last meal revealed by synchrotron microtomography
LAMBDA - WMAP DR1 Synchrotron Maps
To DESYCareer
PSC - Proton Synchrotron Committee - CERN Document Server
PDF) A Literature Review of the Efforts Made for Employing Machine Learning in Synchrotrons
Synchrotron Glossary
Honey, I shrunk the synchrotron
IUCr) High-speed free-run ptychography at the Australian Synchrotron
Sample Shipping to SSRL | Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
Introductory Chapter: Synchrotron Radiation-Basics and Concepts | IntechOpen
SUM2024 | French national synchrotron facility
Inauguration of BEATS, the BEAmline for Tomography, at SESAME synchrotron
Publications | Centre de rayonnement synchrotron français
Experimental Station 13-1 | Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
Infineum using synchrotrons in their research | Diamond Light Source - - Diamond Light Source
UK synchrotron: The storage ring - Inside Diamond Light Source, the UK's synchrotron facility
Evidence of preserved collagen in an Early Jurassic sauropodomorph dinosaur revealed by synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy |...
IUCr) Room-temperature serial synchrotron crystallography of the human phosphatase PTP1B
The XXV European Synchrotron Light Sources Workshop (20-November 22, 2017) · Indico
Cross-Cultural Synergy Produces Good Science At Synchrotron Labs | The Scientist Magazine®
Pore-scale evaporation-condensation dynamics resolved by synchrotron x-ray tomography - DRI
Proton synchrotron1
- The first proton synchrotron was designed by Sir Marcus Oliphant and built in 1952. (wikipedia.org)
European Synchrot2
- Now an international team of scientists from the University of Helsinki, Finland, and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France, has developed a novel technique that is suitable exactly for this purpose. (nanowerk.com)
- We use conceptual tools from the sociology of science, bibliometrics and data from the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) publication database, enriched by data from Web of Science. (lu.se)
ESRF4
- The gut contents of a 465 million-year-old fossilised trilobite were imaged at the ESRF using synchrotron microtomography technique. (esrf.fr)
- A team of researchers led by Per Erik Ahlberg at Uppsala University, Sweden, and Valéria Vaškaninová at Charles University, Czech Republic, came to the ESRF to investigate this rare fossil using propagation phase-contrast synchrotron microtomography, at ESRF ID19 beamline. (esrf.fr)
- At the inauguration, the ESRF's Director of Research Gema Martínez-Criado represented the ESRF, coordinator of the EU project that successfully brought together leading research facilities in the Middle East and European synchrotron radiation facilities. (esrf.fr)
- BEATS was designed, built and successfully commissioned thanks to a European project that brought together leading research facilities in the Middle East (SESAME and The Cyprus Institute), and European synchrotron radiation facilities: ALBA-CELLS (Spain), DESY (Germany), Elettra (Italy), the ESRF (France), INFN (Italy), PSI (Switzerland) and SOLARIS (Poland). (esrf.fr)
Delivered synchrotron light1
- BEATS first delivered synchrotron light to its experimental station on 11 May 2023, a success that is now being celebrated with this official inauguration. (esrf.fr)
Microtomography1
- Unraveling the effect of collagen damage on bone fracture using in situ synchrotron microtomography with deep learning. (cdc.gov)
Beamlines3
- This invaluable forum for the synchrotron radiation users' community will provide the opportunity to exchange and learn about the evolution of the machine and the beamlines. (synchrotron-soleil.fr)
- This paper explores the concept and the levels of genericity of different instruments, or beamlines, at a synchrotron radiation facility. (lu.se)
- This kind of dialogue immensely benefits the design, operation and upgrade of the present and future synchrotron radiation facilities and beamlines. (lu.se)
Situ synchrotron1
- The in situ synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectra exhibit the characteristic infrared absorption bands for amide A and B, amide I, II and III of collagen. (nature.com)
Australian Synchrotron1
- Leonie's insights into crystallisation processes could significantly help the development of treatments for a variety of illnesses," said Australian Synchrotron Director, Professor Andrew Peele. (lightsources.org)
Facility5
- Nanowerk News ) If you say 'synchrotron' to most scientists, they will picture an immense, highly expensive and rather rare facility designed to produce highly intense beams of light, such as the UK's Diamond Light Source that boasts a 500 metre circumference and cost GBP 263 million (EUR 297 million) to build. (nanowerk.com)
- Diamond Light Source is the UK's national synchrotron science facility, located at the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus in Oxfordshire. (diamond.ac.uk)
- Achieving and maintaining an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) in a complex facility like a synchrotron ring is challenging. (vatvalve.com)
- After this, the student will develop a project of their own where they write a proposal for beam time at a synchrotron or neutron facility. (lu.se)
- PRISMAS includes an on-site secondment at the large-scale research facility and synchrotron MAX IV in Lund, Sweden. (lu.se)
Spectroscopy3
- Article: Nanoparticles and nanowires: synchrotron spectroscopy studies Journal: International Journal of Nanotechnology (IJNT) 2008 Vol.5 No.9/10/11/12 pp.1194 - 1246 Abstract: This paper reviews the research in nanomaterials conducted in our laboratory in the last decade using conventional and synchrotron radiation techniques. (inderscience.com)
- Synchrotron techniques based on absorption spectroscopy such as X-ray absorption fine structures (XAFS), which includes X-ray absorption near edge structures (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structures (EXFAS), and de-excitation spectroscopy, including X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL), time-resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence (TRXEOL) and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) are described. (inderscience.com)
- Synchrotron studies of prototype systems such as gold nanoparticles, 1-D nanowires of group IV materials, C, Si and Ge as well as nanodiamond, and compound semiconductors, ZnS, CdS, ZnO and related materials are used to illustrate the power and unique capabilities of synchrotron spectroscopy in the characterisation of local structure, electronic structure and optical properties of nanomaterials. (inderscience.com)
Research13
- The largest synchrotron-type accelerator, also the largest particle accelerator in the world, is the 27-kilometre-circumference (17 mi) Large Hadron Collider (LHC) near Geneva, Switzerland, built in 2008 by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). (wikipedia.org)
- Although BESSY II will be used mainly for basic research, the BMFT hopes that German industry will use the synchrotron for applied research and development. (newscientist.com)
- As the demands of research have grown, the capabilities of the old synchrotron have become increasingly outdated. (newscientist.com)
- Since 1960, the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) has been one of the world's premier particle accelerators, well known for the three Nobel Prizes won as a result of research performed there. (bnl.gov)
- As one of the newest, most advanced synchrotron facilities in the world, NSLS-II enables its growing research community to study materials with nanoscale resolution and exquisite sensitivity by providing cutting-edge capabilities. (bnl.gov)
- Metrology, fundamental research and applications in the spectral range of the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV): For 40 years, PTB has been conducting research and measurements using synchrotron radiation as part of collaborations and services for science and industry. (ptb.de)
- In future research, the aim will be to provide a more comprehensive synthesis with more details on how to use the ML in synchrotrons. (researchgate.net)
- Over 35 research stays at synchrotron radiation facilities and free-electron lasers. (uni-kassel.de)
- This paper reviews the research in nanomaterials conducted in our laboratory in the last decade using conventional and synchrotron radiation techniques. (inderscience.com)
- determine to what extent synchrotron or neutronbased methods are useful for solving a research question in their own research field. (lu.se)
- Research using synchrotron radiation can help to: understand and cure diseases down to the protein level, respond to global energy challenges, track pollutants in nature, study the flaws in and develop new materials, restore art objects and buildings, understand how meteorites and comets have formed, and more. (lu.se)
- Karin and her research group have established the use of synchrotron-based phase contrast micro-CT to study the vascular micro-anatomy in severe pulmonary hypertension. (lu.se)
- Marie Skepö (PI), in collaboration with the CoSAXS-team at MAX IV and Astra Zeneca in Gothenburg have obtained a grant through PRISMAS, which is a - PhD Research and Innovation in Synchrotron Methods and Applications in Sweden - is a new doctoral programme training the next generation of leading synchrotron experts. (lu.se)
Powder Diffraction3
- In order to determine the chemical composition of these unique samples, including one piece of ceramics and one piece of metallurgical crucible, a team of Iranian scientists came to ALBA Synchrotron to analyse them using X-Rays Powder Diffraction at the MSPD beamline. (lightsources.org)
- Acoustic levitation and high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction: A fast screening approach of niclosamide amorphous solid dispersions. (bvsalud.org)
- Here, niclosamide - polymer solutions were levitated in a multi-emitter single-axis acoustic levitator and analyzed for 10 min at a High-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction beamline. (bvsalud.org)
Scientists6
- However, that could soon change, as EU-funded scientists have created a table-top device capable of producing synchrotron X-rays that are as intense as those produced by some of the world's largest X-ray facilities. (nanowerk.com)
- The new table-top synchrotron, which was developed by scientists in France, Portugal, the UK and the US, works in a similar way to a normal synchrotron, but on a much smaller scale - the entire device is housed in a vacuum chamber that is around 1 metre across. (nanowerk.com)
- The building is the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), and the composition of the scientists who work in its intenor is as unusual as the exterior. (the-scientist.com)
- These strange bedfellows have been thrown together by synchrotron radiation, a phenomenon whose range of application is so vast that it has forced scientists into collaborations that cut across not only disciplinary. (the-scientist.com)
- Scientists from University of Isfahan in Iran have analysed in the ALBA Synchrotron how were made ancient Iranian glass objects that date back to 2.500 BC. (lightsources.org)
- Nanowerk News ) Scientists from Finland and France have developed a new synchrotron X-ray technique that may revolutionize the chemical analysis of rare materials like meteoric rock samples or fossils. (nanowerk.com)
Cyclotron5
- A synchrotron is a particular type of cyclic particle accelerator, descended from the cyclotron, in which the accelerating particle beam travels around a fixed closed-loop path. (wikipedia.org)
- The synchrotron evolved from the cyclotron, the first cyclic particle accelerator. (wikipedia.org)
- Also, the thin profile of the vacuum chamber allowed for a more efficient use of magnetic fields than in a cyclotron, enabling the cost-effective construction of larger synchrotrons. (wikipedia.org)
- The main difference is that a cyclotron accelerates the particles in a spiral since the magnetic field is constant, whereas the synchrotron adjusts the magnetic field to keep the particles in a circular orbit. (intechopen.com)
- A machine called a synchrotron or cyclotron creates and speeds up the protons. (medlineplus.gov)
XFELs1
- Synchrotrons and XFELs count as Science's premier microscopic tool in scientific endeavours as diverse as molecular biology, environmental science, cultural heritage, catalytical chemistry, and the electronic properties of novel materials, to name but a few examples. (edx.org)
Tomography2
- 3D histology with synchrotron micro-tomography: Symposium and hackathon! (lu.se)
- The event will benefit all researchers in the fields of Medicine, Biology and Soft Materials, who are interested in 3D imaging methods, virtual histology, or just curious about synchrotron based micro-tomography. (lu.se)
Electrons2
- As the electrons are deflected through the magnetic field created by the magnets, they give off electromagnetic radiation, so that at each bending magnet, a beam of synchrotron light is produced. (intechopen.com)
- Electrons that are accelerated to almost the speed of light emit radiation in the form of synchrotron radiation when a strong magnetic field deflects them in their path. (lu.se)
Crystallography1
- Serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX) helps to address this hurdle by allowing the use of many medium- to small-sized crystals. (iucr.org)
Physics2
- There are now more than 60 synchrotrons and free electron lasers (FELs) around the world dedicated to applications in physics, engineering, pharmacology, and new materials, to name but a few. (intechopen.com)
- Synchrotron radiation is used within physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and materials science to determine the electronic and structural properties of various substances. (lu.se)
Free electron1
- I would like to receive email from EPFLx and learn about other offerings related to Synchrotrons and X-Ray Free Electron Lasers (part 1). (edx.org)
Beam5
- The synchrotron is one of the first accelerator concepts to enable the construction of large-scale facilities, since bending, beam focusing and acceleration can be separated into different components. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, we are examining the efforts made to use ML in synchrotrons to achieve benefits like stabilizing the photon beam without the need for manual calibrations of measures that can be achieved by reducing unwanted fluctuations in the widths of the electron beams that prevent experimental noises obscured measurements. (researchgate.net)
- Extraordinarily, the inherent properties of our relatively simple system generates, in a few millimetres, a high quality X-ray beam that rivals beams produced from synchrotron sources that are hundreds of metres long. (nanowerk.com)
- The VAT vacuum valve portfolio for synchrotrons and accelerators covers everything from sector isolation and emergency shut-off to beam stoppers. (vatvalve.com)
- Attendees are invited to present a talk on the following topics pertaining to accelerators and beam lines of synchrotron radiation sources. (lu.se)
Facilities7
- citation needed] The combination of time-dependent guiding magnetic fields and the strong focusing principle enabled the design and operation of modern large-scale accelerator facilities like colliders and synchrotron light sources. (wikipedia.org)
- The straight sections along the closed path in such facilities are not only required for radio frequency cavities, but also for particle detectors (in colliders) and photon generation devices such as wigglers and undulators (in third generation synchrotron light sources). (wikipedia.org)
- However, their size and costs mean that there are only a few synchrotrons in the world, and the demand for time using these facilities far outstrips supply. (nanowerk.com)
- The first MOOC to provide an extensive introduction to synchrotron and XFEL facilities and associated techniques. (edx.org)
- Latest synchrotron facilities employ novel getter pump techniques to establish UHV conditions. (vatvalve.com)
- Synchrotrons belong to the most complex facilities. (vatvalve.com)
- These workshops established a forum where the experts of radiation safety at the synchrotron radiation sources can meet and discuss the specific radiation safety and protection issues of the facilities. (lu.se)
Particle accelerators1
- The most powerful modern particle accelerators use versions of the synchrotron design. (wikipedia.org)
Extremely bright X-rays1
- Today, synchrotrons provide researchers of all disciplines with extremely bright X-rays capable of imaging systems at ever higher resolutions. (nanowerk.com)
20191
- The Tenth International Workshop on Radiation Safety at Synchrotron Radiation Sources (RadSynch19) is being organized at Kulturen and at MAX IV Laboratory, Lund, Sweden on May 22-24, 2019. (lu.se)
Methods1
- The course starts with introductory lectures in some common synchrotron and neutron based methods. (lu.se)
Magnetic1
- In a synchrotron, this adaptation is done by variation of the magnetic field strength in time, rather than in space. (wikipedia.org)
Sources4
- Synchrotron light sources in their entirety are sometimes called "synchrotrons", although this is technically incorrect. (wikipedia.org)
- The European Synchrotron Light Sources Workshop is the annual occasion for the storage ring community to share the status and the new developments of existing synchrotron light sources in Europe as well as to report on the progress of new light sources under construction. (cern.ch)
- Presently there are nearly 40 operating synchrotron radiation sources in the world with a large scientific user community. (lu.se)
- There are also several more synchrotron radiation sources in different stages of design, construction and commissioning. (lu.se)
Practices2
- The paper can help related experts have a general familiarization regarding ML applications in synchrotrons and encourage the use of ML in various synchrotron practices. (researchgate.net)
- The work resulted in the dissertation Small science on big machines: Politics and practices of synchrotron radiation laboratories. (lu.se)
Citation1
- citation needed] While the first synchrotrons and storage rings like the Cosmotron and ADA strictly used the toroid shape, the strong focusing principle independently discovered by Ernest Courant et al. (wikipedia.org)
Particles2
- Several specialized types of synchrotron machines are used today: A storage ring is a special type of synchrotron in which the kinetic energy of the particles is kept constant. (wikipedia.org)
- Using synchrotron μ-FTIR analysis we were also able to detect ultrastructural changes of the tissue adjacent to tattoo particles through altered amide I α-helix to β-sheet protein ratios and elevated lipid contents. (nature.com)
Tasks2
- Since 1982, PTB has also been using synchrotron radiation for metrological tasks. (ptb.de)
- To learn more about how a VAT vacuum valve solution can help with specific valve tasks in synchrotrons and accelerators, please select a specific product below. (vatvalve.com)
Capabilities1
- We show that the tunability, brightness, polarisation and time structure of synchrotron radiation are providing unprecedented capabilities for nanomaterials analysis. (inderscience.com)
Atomic1
- Among other things, synchrotrons are used to study atomic structure and to help in the design of microcomponents. (newscientist.com)
Vacuum2
- Synchrotrons and accelerators usually operate with large vacuum volumes in the UHV or XHV range. (vatvalve.com)
- When planning our vacuum system, we quickly decided to use this approach for our SIRIUS storage ring," explains Rafael Molena Seraphim, head of the vacuum group at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory LNLS. (vatvalve.com)
Researchers1
- Synchrotron light enabled them to obtain high resolution diffraction patterns, from whose interpretation researchers have deduced the exact composition of the clay based structure as well as glassy part of the samples. (lightsources.org)
Workshop2
- The 25th such workshop, organized by the Center for Synchrotron Radiation (DELTA) at the TU Dortmund University, will be held at the Erich Brost Institute (TU Dortmund Northern Campus) on the 21st and 22nd of November. (cern.ch)
- Karin Tran-Lundmark is part of the working group Biomedical Imaging, within the integrative pharmacology and drug discovery (IPDD) theme, a group that currently is organizing a workshop on synchrotron-based 3D imaging. (lu.se)
National Synchr1
- That's where the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) comes in. (bnl.gov)
Techniques2
- We used skin and lymphatic tissues from human corpses to address local biokinetics by means of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques at both the micro (μ) and nano (ν) scale. (nature.com)
- While preparative and conventional characterisation techniques are described, emphasis is placed on the analysis of nanomaterials using synchrotron radiation. (inderscience.com)
World1
- The APS is one of the most technologically complex machines in the world, and is known as a synchrotron. (rom.on.ca)