Symbiosis. Medical search

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

Symbiotic combination (dual organism) of the MYCELIUM of FUNGI with the roots of plants (PLANT ROOTS). The roots of almost all higher plants exhibit this mutually beneficial relationship, whereby the fungus supplies water and mineral salts to the plant, and the plant supplies CARBOHYDRATES to the fungus. There are two major types of mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that causes formation of root nodules on some, but not all, types of sweet clover, MEDICAGO SATIVA, and fenugreek.

The formation of a nitrogen-fixing cell mass on PLANT ROOTS following symbiotic infection by nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as RHIZOBIUM or FRANKIA.

The process in certain BACTERIA; FUNGI; and CYANOBACTERIA converting free atmospheric NITROGEN to biologically usable forms of nitrogen, such as AMMONIA; NITRATES; and amino compounds.

Knobbed structures formed from and attached to plant roots, especially of LEGUMES, which result from symbiotic infection by nitrogen fixing bacteria such as RHIZOBIUM or FRANKIA. Root nodules are structures related to MYCORRHIZAE formed by symbiotic associations with fungi.

A plant species of the family FABACEAE used to study GENETICS because it is DIPLOID, self fertile, has a small genome, and short generation time.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. This genus was formerly known as Tetragonolobus. The common name of lotus is also used for NYMPHAEA and NELUMBO.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ALIIVIBRIO, which exhibits LUMINESCENCE. A. fischeri is found in a symbiotic relationship with the SQUID Euprymna scolopes.

A plant species of the family FABACEAE widely cultivated for ANIMAL FEED.

A phylum of fungi that are mutualistic symbionts and form ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE with PLANT ROOTS.

The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that activate PLANT ROOT NODULATION in leguminous plants. Members of this genus are nitrogen-fixing and common soil inhabitants.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria usually containing granules of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. They characteristically invade the root hairs of leguminous plants and act as intracellular symbionts.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. It is distinct from Sweet Clover (MELILOTUS), from Bush Clover (LESPEDEZA), and from Red Clover (TRIFOLIUM).

Flagellate EUKARYOTES, found mainly in the oceans. They are characterized by the presence of transverse and longitudinal flagella which propel the organisms in a rotating manner through the water. Dinoflagellida were formerly members of the class Phytomastigophorea under the old five kingdom paradigm.

A family of gram-negative bacteria which are saprophytes, symbionts, or plant pathogens.

A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria in the family PHYLLOBACTERIACEAE. They are able to invade root-hairs of a wide range of plants, inciting the production of PLANT ROOT NODULES.

Genus of BACTERIA in the family Frankiaceae. They are nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbionts of many species of woody dicotyledonous plants.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is found in soil and which causes formation of root nodules on some, but not all, types of field pea, lentil, kidney bean, and clover.

A genus of gram-negative bacteria which are obligately intracellular endosymbionts of APHIDS. The bacteria are found within specialized cells in the aphid body cavity.

A species of gram-negative bacteria and nitrogen innoculant of PHASEOLUS VULGARIS.

A phylum of radially symmetrical invertebrates characterized by possession of stinging cells called nematocysts. It includes the classes ANTHOZOA; CUBOZOA; HYDROZOA, and SCYPHOZOA. Members carry CNIDARIAN VENOMS.

A superorder of CEPHALOPODS comprised of squid, cuttlefish, and their relatives. Their distinguishing feature is the modification of their fourth pair of arms into tentacles, resulting in 10 limbs.

An endosymbiont that is either a bacterium or fungus living part of its life in a plant. Endophytes can benefit host plants by preventing pathogenic organisms from colonizing them.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, nonsporeforming rods which usually contain granules of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

An order of fungi in the phylum ASCOMYCOTA that includes a number of species which are parasitic on higher plants, insects, or fungi. Other species are saprotrophic.

A family (Aphididae) of small insects, in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, that suck the juices of plants. Important genera include Schizaphis and Myzus. The latter is known to carry more than 100 virus diseases between plants.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A plant genus in the family FABACEAE which is the source of edible beans and the lectin PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS.

Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)

A class in the phylum CNIDARIA, comprised mostly of corals and anemones. All members occur only as polyps; the medusa stage is completely absent.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

A group of three related eukaryotic phyla whose members possess an alveolar membrane system, consisting of flattened membrane-bound sacs lying beneath the outer cell membrane.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A genus of white-spored mushrooms in the family Tricholomataceae. They form symbiotic partnerships (MYCORRHIZAE) with trees.

An annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.

A genus of fungi of the family Agaricaceae, order Agaricales; most species are poisonous.

A class in the phylum MOLLUSCA comprised of mussels; clams; OYSTERS; COCKLES; and SCALLOPS. They are characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical hinged shell and a muscular foot used for burrowing and anchoring.

A species of AZORHIZOBIUM which forms nodules on the roots of the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

Any of a group of plants formed by a symbiotic combination of a fungus with an algae or CYANOBACTERIA, and sometimes both. The fungal component makes up the bulk of the lichen and forms the basis for its name.

A genus of PROCHLOROPHYTES containing unicellular, spherical bacteria without a mucilaginous sheath. They are found almost exclusively as extracellular symbionts of colonial ASCIDIANS on subtropical or tropical marine shores.

The body of a fungus which is made up of HYPHAE.

Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.

Membrane proteins that are involved in the active transport of phosphate.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain piperidine alkaloids (PIPERIDINES).

A genus of gram-negative bacteria existing symbiotically with nematodes of the family Heterorhabditidae (see RHABDITOIDEA). These nematodes infect a variety of soil-dwelling insects. Upon entering an insect host, the nematode releases Photorhabdus from its intestinal tract and the bacterium establishes a lethal septicemia in the insect.

Organs and other anatomical structures of non-human vertebrate and invertebrate animals.

Common member of the Gramineae family used as cattle FODDER. It harbors several fungi and other parasites toxic to livestock and people and produces allergenic compounds, especially in its pollen. The most commonly seen varieties are L. perenne, L. multiflorum, and L. rigidum.

A plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is most notable for the members, Cannabis and Hops.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains crotalarin.

A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE that is distinguished from birch (BETULA) by its usually stalked winter buds and by cones that remain on the branches after the small, winged nutlets are released.

A plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. Members are trees and shrubs of temperate regions that have watery sap and alternate leaves which are lopsided at the base. The flowers lack petals.

A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised mostly of two major phenotypes: purple non-sulfur bacteria and aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria.

The heath plant family of the order Ericales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida that are generally shrubs or small trees. Leaves are alternate, simple, and leathery; flowers are symmetrical with a 4- or 5-parted corolla of partly fused petals.

Marine ridges composed of living CORALS, coral skeletons, calcareous algae, and other organisms, mixed with minerals and organic matter. They are found most commonly in tropical waters and support other animal and plant life.

A genus of gram negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, plants, and marine mud.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

Physiological processes and properties of BACTERIA.

A suborder of HEMIPTERA, called true bugs, characterized by the possession of two pairs of wings. It includes the medically important families CIMICIDAE and REDUVIIDAE. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A genus of ascomycetous fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae, order HYPOCREALES, which are fungal symbionts of grasses. Anamorphic forms are in the genus NEOTYPHODIUM.

A variable annual leguminous vine (Pisum sativum) that is cultivated for its rounded smooth or wrinkled edible protein-rich seeds, the seed of the pea, and the immature pods with their included seeds. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1973)

A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped, obligate aerobes which are motile by peritrichous flagella on solid medium and one lateral flagellum in liquid medium. Under microaerobic conditions Azorhizobium fixes nitrogen. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is a fast-growing and soybean-nodulating innoculant.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that is widely used as ground cover and forage and known for the edible beans, VICIA FABA.

The anamorphic form of the fungus EPICHLOE. Many Neotyphodium species produce ERGOT ALKALOIDS.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.

A species of gram-negative bacteria and an nitrogen inoculum that displays a high intrinsic tolerance to acidity.

A hemoglobin-like oxygen-binding hemeprotein present in the nitrogen-fixing root nodules of leguminous plants. The red pigment has a molecular weight approximately 1/4 that of hemoglobin and has been suggested to act as an oxido-reduction catalyst in symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

An order of photosynthetic bacteria representing a physiological community of predominantly aquatic bacteria.

An extensive order of basidiomycetous fungi whose fruiting bodies are commonly called mushrooms.

A plant genus of the family Plantaginaceae. The small plants usually have a dense tuft of basal leaves and long, leafless stalks bearing a terminal spike of small flowers. The seeds, known as PSYLLIUM, swell in water and are used as laxatives. The leaves have been used medicinally.

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Organisms in this genus had originally been classified as members of the PSEUDOMONAS genus but overwhelming biochemical and chemical findings indicated the need to separate them from other Pseudomonas species, and hence, this new genus was created.

A genus of bacteria comprised of a heterogenous group of gram-negative small rods and coccoid forms associated with arthropods. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol 1, 1984)

Nonmotile unicellular green algae potentially valuable as a source of high-grade protein and B-complex vitamins.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic rods occurring singly or occasionally in rosettes. Members of this genus are usually motile and are isolated from soil, dust, fresh water, lake sediments, leaf surfaces, rice, air, and hospital environments. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

Paired respiratory organs of fishes and some amphibians that are analogous to lungs. They are richly supplied with blood vessels by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly with the environment.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. The common name of rock rose is used with several plants of this family.

Sodalis gen. nov. and Sodalis glossinidius sp. nov., a microaerophilic secondary endosymbiont of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans. (1/4230)

A secondary intracellular symbiotic bacterium was isolated from the haemolymph of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans and cultured in Aedes albopictus cell line C6/36. Pure-culture isolation of this bacterium was achieved through the use of solid-phase culture under a microaerobic atmosphere. After isolation of strain M1T, a range of tests was performed to determine the phenotypic properties of this bacterium. Considering the results of these tests, along with the phylogenetic position of this micro-organism, it is proposed that this intracellular symbiont from G. m. morsitans should be classified in a new genus Sodalis gen. nov., as Sodalis glossinidius gen. nov., sp. nov. Strain M1T is the type strain for this new species. (+info)

Diversity of dissimilatory bisulfite reductase genes of bacteria associated with the deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana. (2/4230)

A unique community of bacteria colonizes the dorsal integument of the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana, which inhabits the high-temperature environments of active deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise. The composition of this bacterial community was characterized in previous studies by using a 16S rRNA gene clone library and in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes. In the present study, a pair of PCR primers (P94-F and P93-R) were used to amplify a segment of the dissimilatory bisulfite reductase gene from DNA isolated from the community of bacteria associated with A. pompejana. The goal was to assess the presence and diversity of bacteria with the capacity to use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor. A clone library of bisulfite reductase gene PCR products was constructed and characterized by restriction fragment and sequence analysis. Eleven clone families were identified. Two of the 11 clone families, SR1 and SR6, contained 82% of the clones. DNA sequence analysis of a clone from each family indicated that they are dissimilatory bisulfite reductase genes most similar to the dissimilatory bisulfite reductase genes of Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Desulfovibrio gigas, Desulfobacterium autotrophicum, and Desulfobacter latus. Similarities to the dissimilatory bisulfite reductases of Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii, the sulfide oxidizer Chromatium vinosum, the sulfur reducer Pyrobaculum islandicum, and the archaeal sulfate reducer Archaeoglobus fulgidus were lower. Phylogenetic analysis separated the clone families into groups that probably represent two genera of previously uncharacterized sulfate-reducing bacteria. The presence of dissimilatory bisulfite reductase genes is consistent with recent temperature and chemical measurements that documented a lack of dissolved oxygen in dwelling tubes of the worm. The diversity of dissimilatory bisulfite reductase genes in the bacterial community on the back of the worm suggests a prominent role for anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria in the ecology of A. pompejana. (+info)

Novel genes induced during an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis formed between Medicago truncatula and Glomus versiforme. (3/4230)

Many terrestrial plant species are able to form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here we have identified three cDNA clones representing genes whose expression is induced during the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis formed between Medicago truncatula and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus versiforme. The three clones represent M. truncatula genes and encode novel proteins: a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase-related protein, a putative arabinogalactan protein (AGP), and a putative homologue of the mammalian p110 subunit of initiation factor 3 (eIF3). These genes show little or no expression in M. truncatula roots prior to formation of the symbiosis and are significantly induced following colonization by G. versiforme. The genes are not induced in roots in response to increases in phosphate. This suggests that induction of expression during the symbiosis is due to the interaction with the fungus and is not a secondary effect of improved phosphate nutrition. In situ hybridization revealed that the putative AGP is expressed specifically in cortical cells containing arbuscules. The identification of two mycorrhiza-induced genes encoding proteins predicted to be involved in cell wall structure is consistent with previous electron microscopy data that indicated major alterations in the extracellular matrix of the cortical cells following colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. (+info)

Further studies of the role of cyclic beta-glucans in symbiosis. An NdvC mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum synthesizes cyclodecakis-(1-->3)-beta-glucosyl. (4/4230)

The cyclic beta-(1-->3),beta-(1-->6)-D-glucan synthesis locus of Bradyrhizobium japonicum is composed of at least two genes, ndvB and ndvC. Mutation in either gene affects glucan synthesis, as well as the ability of the bacterium to establish a successful symbiotic interaction with the legume host soybean (Glycine max). B. japonicum strain AB-14 (ndvB::Tn5) does not synthesize beta-glucans, and strain AB-1 (ndvC::Tn5) synthesizes a cyclic beta-glucan lacking beta-(1-->6)-glycosidic bonds. We determined that the structure of the glucan synthesized by strain AB-1 is cyclodecakis-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucosyl, a cyclic beta-(1-->3)-linked decasaccharide in which one of the residues is substituted in the 6 position with beta-laminaribiose. Cyclodecakis-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucosyl did not suppress the fungal beta-glucan-induced plant defense response in soybean cotyledons and had much lower affinity for the putative membrane receptor protein than cyclic beta-(1-->3),beta-(1-->6)-glucans produced by wild-type B. japonicum. This is consistent with the hypothesis presented previously that the wild-type cyclic beta-glucans may function as suppressors of a host defense response. (+info)

Sugar- and nitrogen-dependent regulation of an Amanita muscaria phenylalanine ammonium lyase gene. (5/4230)

The cDNA of a key enzyme of secondary metabolism, phenylalanine ammonium lyase, was identified for an ectomycorrhizal fungus by differential screening of a mycorrhizal library. The gene was highly expressed in hyphae grown at low external monosaccharide concentrations, but its expression was 30-fold reduced at elevated concentrations. Gene repression was regulated by hexokinase. (+info)

LB-AUT7, a novel symbiosis-regulated gene from an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Laccaria bicolor, is functionally related to vesicular transport and autophagocytosis. (6/4230)

We have identified LB-AUT7, a gene differentially expressed 6 h after ectomycorrhizal interaction between Laccaria bicolor and Pinus resinosa. LB-Aut7p can functionally complement its Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog, which is involved in the attachment of autophagosomes to microtubules. Our findings suggest the induction of an autophagocytosis-like vesicular transport process during ectomycorrhizal interaction. (+info)

A GroEL homologue from endosymbiotic bacteria of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci is implicated in the circulative transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. (7/4230)

Evidence for the involvement of a Bemisia tabaci GroEL homologue in the transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV) is presented. A approximately 63-kDa protein was identified in B. tabaci whole-body extracts using an antiserum raised against aphid Buchnera GroEL. The GroEL homologue was immunolocalized to a coccoid-shaped whitefly endosymbiont. The 30 N-terminal amino acids of the whitefly GroEL homologue showed 80% homology with that from different aphid species and GroEL from Escherichia coli. Purified GroEL from B. tabaci exhibited ultrastructural similarities to that of the endosymbiont from aphids and E. coli. In vitro ligand assays showed that tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) particles displayed a specific affinity for the B. tabaci 63-kDa GroEL homologue. Feeding whiteflies anti-Buchnera GroEL antiserum before the acquisition of virions reduced TYLCV transmission to tomato test plants by >80%. In the haemolymph of these whiteflies, TYLCV DNA was reduced to amounts below the threshold of detection by Southern blot hybridization. Active antibodies were recovered from the insect haemolymph suggesting that by complexing the GoEL homologue, the antibody disturbed interaction with TYLCV, leading to degradation of the virus. We propose that GroEL of B. tabaci protects the virus from destruction during its passage through the haemolymph. (+info)

Isolation and characterization of the catalase gene from Rhizobium sp. SNU003, a root nodule symbiont of Canavalia lineata. (8/4230)

A catalase gene from Rhizobium sp. SNU003, a root nodule symbiont of Canavalia lineata, was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The Rhizobium DNA of about 280 bp was amplified using two PCR primers synthesized from the conserved sequences of the type I catalase gene. The nucleotide sequence of the amplified fragment revealed three regions that were conserved in the catalase, showing it as being part of the catalase gene. A genomic Southern hybridization using this fragment as a probe showed that the 5.5 kb PstI, 1.8 kb EcoRI, and 0.7 kb StyI fragments hybridized strongly with the probe. The Rhizobium genomic library constructed into the EMBL3 vector was screened, and one catalase clone was selected. The nucleotide sequence of the 5.5 kb PstI fragment from the clone revealed an open reading frame of 1455 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 485 amino acids with a molecular mass of 54,958 Da and a pI of 6.54. The predicted amino acid sequence of the catalase is 66.3% identical to that of Bacteroides fragilis, but was only 53.3% identical to the Rhizobium meliloti catalase. (+info)

Symbiosis refers to two species that have a close relationship with each other. The relationship can be mutualistic, when both ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reef_fish

Cyanobacterial symbiosis[edit]. At least some species of Gunnera host endosymbiotic cyanobacteria such as Nostoc punctiforme ... Bergman, B.; Johansson, C.; Söderbäck, E. (1992). "The Nostoc-Gunnera symbiosis". New Phytologist. 122 (3): 379. doi:10.1111/j. ... Establishment of a functional symbiosis between the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme and the bryophyte Anthoceros punctatus ... This intracellular interaction is unique in flowering plants and may provide insights to allow the creation of novel symbioses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnera

Symbiosis[edit]. The photosynthetic cyanobacterium Hyella caespitosa (round shapes) with fungal hyphae (translucent threads) in ... A lichen is a symbiosis of a macroscopic fungus with photosynthetic microbial algae or cyanobacteria.[85][86] ... For example, microbial symbiosis plays a crucial role in the immune system. The microorganisms that make up the gut flora in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial

Symbiosis[edit]. Symbiosis refers to two or more biological species that interact closely, often over a long period of time. ... Symbiosis may be obligate or facultative. In obligate symbiosis, one or both species depends on the other for survival. In ... Zhang, F; Smith, D. L (2002). Interorganismal signaling in suboptimum environments: The legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Advances in ... Symbiosis includes three types of interactions-mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism-of which only mutualism can sometimes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-operation_

Symbiosis. Main article: Symbiosis. An Indian study of seven bee species and 9 plant species found 45 yeast species from 16 ... Yeast in symbiosis with acetic acid bacteria is used in its preparation. Species of yeasts found in the tea can vary, and may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_yeast

Cleaning symbiosis[edit]. Main article: Cleaning symbiosis. Cleaning symbiosis is an association between individuals of two ... symbiosis in which the organisms have bodily union is called conjunctive symbiosis, and symbiosis in which they are not in ... The definition of symbiosis was a matter of debate for 130 years.[6] In 1877, Albert Bernhard Frank used the term symbiosis to ... TED-Education video - Symbiosis: a surprising tale of species cooperation.. *. Media related to Symbiosis at Wikimedia Commons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiont

Symbiosis[edit]. Some species of Paramecium form mutualistic relationships with other organisms. Paramecium bursaria and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramecium

Symbiosis. Some small fish are immune to the stings of the jellyfish and live among the tentacles, serving as bait in a fish ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfish

Actinorhizal symbioses account for roughly the same amount of nitrogen fixation as rhizobial symbioses.[16] All of these orders ... Symbiosis[edit]. Leguminous family[edit]. Plants that contribute to nitrogen fixation include the legume family - Fabaceae - ... vary significantly from those formed in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis. In these symbioses the bacteria are never released from ... Dawson, J. O. (2008). "Ecology of actinorhizal plants". Nitrogen-fixing Actinorhizal Symbioses. 6. Springer. pp. 199-234. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule

A long-term interaction is called a symbiosis. Symbioses range from mutualism, beneficial to both partners, to competition, ... Close and long-term interactions are described as symbiosis;[a] symbioses that are mutually beneficial are called mutualistic.[ ... The cleaning symbiosis of the red-billed oxpecker and the giraffe may be mutualistic or parasitic.[14] ... Further information: Symbiosis § Amensalism. Amensalism (a term introduced by Haskell)[21] is an interaction where an organism ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_interaction

Symbioses[edit]. A lower pitcher of N. attenboroughii supporting a large population of mosquito larvae. The upright lid of this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthaceae

Mollusc/algal chloroplast symbiosis". Plant Physiology. 123 (1): 29-38. doi:10.1104/pp.123.1.29. PMC 1539252. PMID 10806222.. ... An even closer form of symbiosis may explain the origin of chloroplasts. Chloroplasts have many similarities with ... "Photosynthetic symbioses in animals". Journal of Experimental Botany. 59 (5): 1069-1080. doi:10.1093/jxb/erm328. PMID 18267943 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis

2020). "Metagenomic data reveal diverse fungal and algal communities associated with the lichen symbiosis". Symbiosis. 82 (1-2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryoria

There is evidence from DNA analysis that dinoflagellate symbiosis with radiolarians evolved independently from other ... Predation was the most common interaction (39%), followed by symbiosis (29%), parasitism (18%), and unresolved interactions (14 ... in symbiosis with dinoflagellates The dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta Dinoflagellates Dinoflagellates often live in symbiosis ... symbiosis (green), and parasitism (purple). The network is undirected, meaning that a node can contain both parasites/symbionts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_protists

Subsequent work has involved the application of molecular genetics to symbiosis and marine biology research (e.g. corals and ... Besides the well-known symbiosis, Lopez initially hypothesized that sponge microbiomes could serve as indicators for the ... Wilkinson, Clive (1987). "Significance of microbial symbionts in sponge evolution and ecology". Symbiosis. Pace, Norm (1997). " ... Symbiosis Insights Derived From A Basal Metazoan Phylum". Nature Communications. 7 (11870): 11870. doi:10.1038/ncomms11870. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_V._Lopez

The most notable examples are plant root-arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and legume-rhizobial symbioses, both of which greatly ... Symbiosis. 75: 39-50. doi:10.1007/s13199-017-0506-3. S2CID 4819178. Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi; Jones, E. Eirian; Monk, Jana; Ridgway ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_microbiome

2020). "Metagenomic data reveal diverse fungal and algal communities associated with the lichen symbiosis". Symbiosis. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physciaceae

... , also known as Candidatus Epixenosoma are a genus of bacteria in the phylum Verrucomicrobia that form a symbiosis ... Symbiosis. 26: 1-23. Petroni, Giulio; Spring, Stefan; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz; Verni, Franco; Rosati, Giovanna (2000-02-15). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixenosomes

Symbiosis works so that R. pachyptila provides nutrients such as HS−, O2, CO2 to bacteria, and in turn it receives organic ... In order to avoid this issue, several microbes have evolved to make symbiosis with eukaryotic hosts. In fact, R. pachyptila is ... Therefore, the production of in H2S in anaerobic conditions is common among thiotrophic symbiosis. H2S can be damaging for some ... Minic Z (2004). "Biochemical and enzymological aspects of the symbiosis between the deep-sea tubeworm Riftia pachyptila and its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riftia_pachyptila

"Multiple microalgal partners in symbiosis with the acantharian Acanthochiasma sp. (Radiolaria)" (PDF). Symbiosis. 58 (1-3): 233 ... "An original mode of symbiosis in open ocean plankton". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (44): 18000-18005. ... F acantharians have a more specific symbiosis and primarily host symbionts from the haptophyte genus Phaeocystis, although they ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acantharea

Symbiosis. 49 (2): 87-94. doi:10.1007/s13199-009-0018-x. Moe, Annika M. (2011). From pattern to process: Ecology and evolution ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_coevolution_in_Ficus

Symbiosis. 45. ISSN 0334-5114. Shanahan, M.; Compton, S. G.; So, Samson; Corlett, Richard (2001). "Fig-eating by vertebrate ... "60 million years of co-divergence in the fig-wasp symbiosis". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 272 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus

Symbiosis. 75: 39-50. doi:10.1007/s13199-017-0506-3. S2CID 4819178. Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi; Jones, E. Eirian; Monk, Jana; Ridgway ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllosphere

Symbiosis. 45 (1-3): 45-56. Berg, Cornelis C. (May 2003). "(1587-1590) Proposals to conserve the names Ficus citrifolia against ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus_aurea

Am3, an actinobacterium isolated from root nodules of Alnus nepalensis in India". Symbiosis. 70 (1-3): 49-58. doi:10.1007/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prauserella

The symbiosis between anemonefish and anemones depends on the presence of the fish drawing other fish to the anemone, where ... "Amphiprion percula"(Online). Mebs D (1994). "Anemonefish Symbiosis: Vulnerability and Resistance of Fish to the Toxin of the ... Symbiosis. 14: 143-160. Elliott JK, Mariscal RN (2001). "Coexistance of nine anemonefish species: differential host and habitat ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_clownfish

Vessey JK, Pawlowski, K and Bergman B (2005). "Root-based N2-fixing symbioses: Legumes, actinorhizal plants, Parasponia sp and ... Examples of organisms that do this are rhizobia and Frankia (in symbiosis) and Azospirillum. All diazotrophs contain iron- ... Symbiosis. 69 (2): 123-129. doi:10.1007/s13199-016-0385-z. S2CID 17870808. Padda, Kiran Preet; Puri, Akshit; Chanway, Chris P ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazotroph

Symbiosis. 65 (2): 85-92. doi:10.1007/s13199-015-0320-8. S2CID 8550654. Bacon, C.W. & Hinton, D.M. (2007). "Bacterial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycopodiopsida

and other potential symbionts in the mantle cavity of the penshell Pinna carnea in the Dominican Republic". Symbiosis. 50 (3): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinna_carnea

and Haplodiscus sp". Symbiosis. 3 (1): 1-21. INIST:8265704. Banaszak, Anastazia T.; Iglestas-Prieto, Roberto; Trench, Robert K ... Trench, RK; Winsor, H (1987). "Symbiosis with dinoflagellates in two pelagic flatworms, Amphiscolops sp. ... Symbiosis. 12 (1): 19-31. INIST:5092729. Wakefield, Timothy S.; Farmer, Mark A.; Kempf, Stephen C. (August 2000). "Revised ... and Specificity in its Symbiosis with Marine Invertebrates. I. Isoenzyme and Soluble Protein Patterns of Axenic Cultures of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiodinium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiont

Examples of cleaning symbioses in different groups of animals Habitat. Cleaner. Description. Client. Image ... Cleaning symbiosis is known from several groups of animals both in the sea and on land (see table). Cleaners include fish, ... Cleaning symbiosis is a mutually beneficial association between individuals of two species, where one (the cleaner) removes and ... Limbaugh, C. (1961). "Cleaning symbiosis". Scientific American. 205 (2): 42-49. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0861-42.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaning_symbiosis

Symbiosis publishes original research that contributes to the understanding of symbiotic interactions in a wide range of ... International Symbiosis Society The goals of the International Symbiosis Society are to disseminate information to the public, ... Since 1985, Symbiosis publishes original research that contributes to the understanding of symbiotic interactions in a wide ... Reviews and short communications on well-known or new symbioses are welcomed as are book reviews. This spectrum of papers aims ...

https://www.springer.com/journal/13199?error=cookies_not_supported&code=b6d540b1-3121-495f-82f8-c96f32d2f063

Symbiosis is everywhere. From the Greek for "living with," symbiosis is simply a close association between two different ... tags: symbiosis, humor, The Onion Those of you who havent noticed this yet, The Onion has a really amusing article about ... At worst, she said, it feels like she and the rhino have been trapped in the same dead-end symbiosis for "countless millions of ... My two great thesis project loves are hydrogen and symbiosis, and as such, the recent news of a multicellular organism that ...

https://scienceblogs.com/tag/symbiosis

When both partners benefit, this variety of symbiosis is known as mutualism. ... SYMBIOSIS CONCEPT Symbiosis is a biological relationship in which two species live in close proximity to each other and ... Symbiosis Science of Everyday Things COPYRIGHT 2002 The Gale Group Inc.. SYMBIOSIS. CONCEPT. Symbiosis is a biological ... Symbiosis Environmental Encyclopedia COPYRIGHT 2003 The Gale Group Inc.. Symbiosis. In the broad sense, symbiosis means simply ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biology-and-genetics/biology-general/symbiosis

Symbiosis (living together) is a close and long lasting relationship. Not to be confused with mutualism, which can be but isnt ... symbiosis type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms ... Media in category "Symbiosis". The following 152 files are in this category, out of 152 total. ... Retrieved from "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Symbiosis&oldid=312959190" ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Symbiosis

The term symbiosis is used to describe any permanent or long-lasting association between two or more different species of ... Created by Sarah Bordenstein, Marine Biological Laboratory What is Symbiosis? ... Marine Symbiosis. Created by Sarah Bordenstein, Marine Biological Laboratory What is Symbiosis?. The term symbiosis is used to ... Dependence on the symbiosis. *Facultative symbiont - independent, able to exist in a free-living condition. ...

https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/topics/marinesymbiosis/index.html

Trophic interactions in symbioses in marine plankton communities are discussed on the basis of our own studies. Some alveolates ... Symbiosis in marine plankton communities with a special reference to their trophic relationships Susumu OHTSUKA (Hiroshima ...

https://sites.google.com/site/japansymbiosis/%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A/kobe2018/lectures/Ohtsuka

Beneficial endophytes (microbes living in plants) have been shown to enhance Phragmites performance compared to those grown without (Ernst et al. 2003). ...

https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/phragmites-microbial-symbiosis

Infoplease knows the value of having sources you can trust. Infoplease is a reference and learning site, combining the contents of an encyclopedia, a dictionary, an atlas and several almanacs loaded with facts. Our editors update and regularly refine this enormous body of information to bring you reliable information ...

https://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/symbiosis

Evolutionary transitions in bacterial symbiosis. Joel L. Sachs, Ryan G. Skophammer, and John U. Regus ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/06/13/1100304108/tab-figures-data

... symbiosis for life". The event will focus on the reciprocal relationship between soils and pulses, while also discussing how ...

http://www.fao.org/pulses-2016/news/news-detail/en/c/405415/

If such symbiosis exists for nitrate respiration, does it also exist for other compounds? How did this symbiosis, which has ... "A symbiosis that is based on respiration and transfer of energy is to this date unprecedented".. In general, among eukaryotes, ... New form of symbiosis discovered. Dr. Fanni Aspetsberger Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Max-Planck-Institut für Marine ... Are there similar symbioses that have existed much longer and where the endosymbiont has already crossed the boundary to an ...

https://idw-online.de/en/news764122

Symbiosis publishes the results of original research contributing to the understanding of symbiotic interactions at the ... International Symbiosis Society. The goals of the International Symbiosis Society are to disseminate information to the public ... Symbiosis aims to introduce new or unknown symbioses for research in symbiology and intends to provide a central information ... evolutionary consequences of symbiosis, culture and other specific methods used for symbiotic research. Symbiosis publishes ...

http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/evolutionary+%26+developmental+biology/journal/13199?detailsPage=societies

... borderlands-2-walkthrough-symbiosis-side-missions-part-5 Type Level Reward Side Mission 5 $39 362 XP Head Customization Midge ... Symbiosis Edit Page Last Edit: June 15, 2015 - 2 years 6 months ago. ...

http://www.ign.com/wikis/borderlands-2/Symbiosis?objectid=145418

Symbiosis. Printed media puts a pressure on our environment. Solutions like soya ink or natural pigments are a way in the good ... 10,000 Rado Prize at the Dutch Design Awards last week for a body of work including Symbiosis, an experimental project that ...

https://www.dezeen.com/2009/10/27/symbiosis-by-jelte-van-abbema/

The types of symbiosis show the degree of benefit that one organism gets from another. Learn more about the types of symbiosis ... In this article were going to focus on mutually beneficial symbiosis.. There are several forms of symbiosis. In some instances ... This is known as obligate symbiosis. In other cases, the symbiotic relationship gives each organism a greater chance of ... This is known as facultative symbiosis. Symbiotic relationships arent always symmetrical -- they can be obligate for one ...

https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/symbiosis1.htm

But this latest article from the SYMBIOSIS RESEARCH COLLECTIVE examines how winning the election was just the first step ... The latest on our series on radical municipalism from the SYMBIOSIS RESEARCH COLLECTIVE ...

https://theecologist.org/profile/symbiosis-research-collective

Symbiosis: Directed by Win Phelps. With Patrick Stewart, Jonathan Frakes, LeVar Burton, Denise Crosby. The Enterprise ...

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0708781/?ref_=ttep_ep21

Types of symbioses. A. Classification based on location of symbionts relative to host. One manner of classifying symbioses is ... Defense symbioses. An example of defense symbiosis is exemplified by the relationship between clownfish of the genus Amphiprion ... Transport symbioses. In transport symbiosis, one mutual takes advantage of the fast and secure movement of another mutual, ... Symbiosis (plural: "symbioses") is the close, interactive association (living together) of members of two or more species. The ...

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Symbiosis

... The battle between plants and crystals continues! Destroy the crystals on each map by planting seeds and ...

http://www.freewebarcade.com/game/symbiosis-greenland/

Cleaning symbiosisEdit. Main article: Cleaning symbiosis. Cleaning symbiosis is an association between individuals of two ... The definition of symbiosis was a matter of debate for 130 years.[6] In 1877, Albert Bernhard Frank used the term symbiosis to ... For other uses, see Symbiosis (disambiguation).. Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις, sumbíōsis, "living together", from σύν, sún ... TED-Education video - Symbiosis: a surprising tale of species cooperation.. *. Media related to Symbiosis at Wikimedia Commons ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiotic

Some think symbiosis is a more important factor in our evolution than currently believed. Developmental biologist Scott Gilbert ... Thursday: Chemical Heritage Foundation Features Symposium On Symbiosis Updated: May 1, 2012 - 6:14 PM EDT * ... Symbiosis rules, and we are all lichens. What would "individual selection" entail if there were no real "individuals" to select ... I know he has some interesting thoughts on symbiosis - mutually beneficial relationships between species. ...

http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/evolution/Thursday-Chemical-Heritage-Foundation-Features-Scott-Gilbert-on-Symbiosis.html

Udvardi M, Poole PS (2013) Transport and metabolism in Legume-Rhizobia symbioses. Annu Rev Plant Biol 64:781-805PubMedCrossRef ... Medicago-Sinorhizobium Symbiosis Symbiotic genes Nitrogen fixation This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check ... Van de Velde W, Guerra JC, De Keyser A, De Rycke R, Rombauts S, Maunoury N et al (2006) Aging in legume symbiosis. A molecular ... Berrabah F., Salem E.H.A., Garmier M., Ratet P. (2018) The Multiple Faces of the Medicago-Sinorhizobium Symbiosis. In: Cañas L ...

https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007%2F978-1-4939-8633-0_16

Here we evaluate the origins of plant-fungal symbioses and saprotrophy using a time-calibrated phylogenetic framework that ... 720 Ma), likely facilitating terrestriality through endomycorrhizal and possibly endophytic symbioses. The largest radiation of ... 1) form symbioses with early embryophytes (i.e., Endogone-like symbioses with Haplomitriopsida, Jungermanniopsida, ... for AM and endophytic symbioses; and the mycobiont, for AL symbioses. No Glomeromycotina, endophytic Leotiomyceta, green algae ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07849-9?error=cookies_not_supported&code=1cecbe9d-677f-4a2a-8762-a00ef9ee6339

Our results portray an evolutionary scenario of evolution of mycorrhizal symbiosis with a prominent role for Mucoromycotina in ... Mycorrhizal symbiosis between soil fungi and land plants is one of the most widespread and ecologically important mutualisms on ... Similar to Maherali et al.45 we reconstructed a regain of symbiosis from a non-mycorrhizal ancestor for a few lineages. Because ... Mycorrhizal symbiosis is found in over 90% of extant land plant species, and all major lineages of land plants, except for ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-28920-x

Buy Symbiosis art prints by Tami Elaine Prince at Imagekind.com. Shop Thousands of Canvas and Framed Wall Art Prints and ...

https://www.imagekind.com/art/Symbiosis_art_art?IMID=18a7d69c-8885-4024-a158-7c2b6db4348a

Omnisphere Symbiosis is a collection of 80 patches for Spectrasonics Omnisphere, aimed at electronic film and game scoring, ...

https://www.kvraudio.com/product/omnisphere-symbiosis-by-gahrn-audio/timeline

Symbiosis is a new series from Chicago, IL based artist Rik Garrett exploring ideas regarding love, relationships, magic, ... Symbiosis is a new series from Chicago, IL based artist Rik Garrett exploring ideas regarding love, relationships, magic, ...

https://www.juxtapoz.com/news/news/rik-garretts-symbiosis/

But if you think about it, the Lords church is a great example of symbiosis in which one person or group helps other people or ... When we think about symbiosis, we should not forget that humans can be very helpful to their fellow humans. Those of us who are ...

http://apologeticspress.org/apPubPage.aspx?pub=2&issue=945&article=1423

Industrial symbiosis a subset of industrial ecology. (wikipedia.org)
Although geographic proximity is often associated with industrial symbiosis, it is neither necessary nor sufficient-nor is a singular focus on physical resource exchange. (wikipedia.org)
In practice, using industrial symbiosis as an approach to commercial operations-using, recovering and redirecting resources for reuse-results in resources remaining in productive use in the economy for longer. (wikipedia.org)
The industrial symbiosis model devised and managed by International Synergies Limited is a facilitated model operating at the national scale in the United Kingdom (NISP-National Industrial Symbiosis Programme), and at other scales around the world. (wikipedia.org)
Industrial symbiosis is a subset of industrial ecology, with a particular focus on material and energy exchange. (wikipedia.org)
Notably, this definition and the stated key aspects of industrial symbiosis, i.e., the role of collaboration and geographic proximity, in its variety of forms, has been explored and empirically tested in the UK through the research and published activities of the National Industrial Symbiosis Programme. (wikipedia.org)
Industrial symbiosis systems collectively optimize material and energy use at efficiencies beyond those achievable by any individual process alone. (wikipedia.org)
Kalundborg is the poster child for what academics call self-organizing industrial symbiosis, a model where an industrial ecosystem organically emerges out of the profit-seeking mindset of individual firms rather than a conscious decision to initiate industrial symbiosis. (corporateknights.com)
This is in contrast with other ways that industrial symbiosis may develop, which include a top-down model, where governments mandate the construction of certain facilities and the exchange of byproducts, or a facilitated approach, where a third party helps incorporate existing businesses into a symbiotic network. (corporateknights.com)
This "systems view" of industry gave rise to the proliferation of numerous subfields within industrial ecology, including industrial symbiosis. (corporateknights.com)
The academic study of industrial symbiosis has flourished through the past two decades - but it's not necessarily an entirely new concept to industries. (corporateknights.com)
Whether companies are calling it industrial symbiosis or not, barriers remain to attracting industries that still operate on a linear production model. (corporateknights.com)
The Kalundborg eco industrial park in Denmark is widely considered the world's first and most advanced example of industrial symbiosis. (edie.net)
The aim was to gather regional actors for industrial symbiosis in Paper Province through a number of activities. (vinnova.se)
Looking at obstacles and solutions for industrial symbiosis. (vinnova.se)
Interviews to gather information about symbiosis collaborations and actors´ intended roles in an industrial symbiosis network. (vinnova.se)
Interview results with actors´ intended roles in a regional industrial symbiosis network will be used in the ongoing work. (vinnova.se)
During an intense afternoon at IVA the focus was on industrial symbiosis and recycling. (iva.se)
Emma Dalväg, a sustainability consultant at Coest, talked about the Win Win Gothenburg Sustainability Award, which went to Kalundborg Symbiosis, a successful Danish industrial symbiosis park. (iva.se)
He also mentioned Sotenäs and Helsingborg, municipalities that have seen success in industrial symbiosis, and the company British Sugar as a good private sector example. (iva.se)
A key factor for success in industrial symbiosis, according to Emma Dalväg, is leadership that drives the process forward, even where others lack the time or resources. (iva.se)
Mats Eklund, a professor at Linköping University spoke on the theme of "Barriers and Facilitators - What makes industrial symbiosis happen? (iva.se)
As a particularly successful example of industrial symbiosis, Eklund mentioned Elleholms tomater, Sweden's most climate-efficient tomato production operation. (iva.se)
A workshop then began for the purpose of finding ways to increase recycling and industrial symbiosis in plastics, textiles, food, mobility and space sharing. (iva.se)
For the plastics group the workshop was an important means of examining industrial symbiosis for the industry and taking a look at emerging technologies for chemical recycling. (iva.se)
The mobility group focused, among other things, on raising awareness of the value of a sharing economy for transport/mobility to promote industrial symbiosis and recycling in business and industry, society and the environment. (iva.se)
Proposals were produced on how to optimise transport/mobility to promote industrial symbiosis and recycling for small and medium-sized enterprises. (iva.se)
Clustering industries near one another, and near renewable raw materials and energy resources, encourages industrial symbiosis where the wastes or byproducts of one company become the raw materials for another. (scionresearch.com)
Scion is quantifying opportunities for greater industrial symbiosis utilising geothermal energy and wood processing capabilities in the central North Island. (scionresearch.com)
Industrial symbiosis in Kawerau in New Zealand's Bay of Plenty takes advantage of nearby planted forests, geothermal energy, and its proximity to the Port of Tauranga (and Scion). (scionresearch.com)
Opportunities for further industrial symbiosis in New Zealand have been identified by looking at forestry and energy resources, and wood processing and other industry region by region. (scionresearch.com)
Full industrial symbiosis around the Marsden Point oil refinery and Golden Bay Cement/Portland in Northland warrant further investigation. (scionresearch.com)

Since 1985, Symbiosis publishes original research that contributes to the understanding of symbiotic interactions in a wide range of associations at the molecular, cellular and organismic level. (springer.com)
The goals of the International Symbiosis Society are to disseminate information to the public, students, educators and researchers about symbiotic interactions, advance scientific research, and serve as a forum where researchers can interact. (springer.com)
Trophic interactions in symbioses in marine plankton communities are discussed on the basis of our own studies. (google.com)
Symbiosis publishes results of original research contributing to the understanding of symbiotic interactions at the molecular, cellular and organismic levels. (springer.com)
Topics of particular interest are: Nutritional interactions, mutual regulatory and morphogenic effects, structural coadaptations, interspecific recognition and specificity, ecological adaptations, evolutionary consequences of symbiosis, culture and other specific methods used for symbiotic research. (springer.com)
Like other symbiotic interactions, actinorhizal nodulation involves elaborate signalling between both partners of the symbiosis, leading to specific recognition between the plant and its compatible microbial partner, its accommodation inside plant cells and the development of functional root nodules. (springer.com)
Microbial Symbioses is devoted to communicating cutting-edge research on symbiotic microbial interactions where symbiosis is defined as any permanent or stable association between a microbe and at least one other organism. (frontiersin.org)
Microbial Symbioses is a specialty section of Frontiers in Microbiology devoted to communicating cutting-edge research on symbiotic microbial interactions. (frontiersin.org)
This specialty aims to accelerate the field of symbiosis research by providing a platform for outstanding publications related to understanding complex microbial interactions with other organisms. (frontiersin.org)
RIVERSIDE, Calif. - Scientists at the University of California, Riverside and Oregon State University have received a grant of $1.24 million from the National Science Foundation to study the health and sustainability of critical symbioses between plants and bacteria across California, focusing on the evolution, ecology, and genetics of these interactions. (eurekalert.org)
In studying the relationships between these organisms, the Symbiosis Ecology and Evolution Laboratory is describing the basic biology of these animal-microbe interactions. (psu.edu)
Traditionally, symbiosis research has been undertaken by researchers working independently of one another and often focused on a few host-symbiont interactions. (frontiersin.org)
New model systems are emerging that will enable us to fill fundamental gaps in symbiosis research and theory, focusing on a broad range of symbiotic interactions ranging from bi-partite microbial consortia to multicellular hosts and their complex microbial communities. (frontiersin.org)

Not to be confused with mutualism , which can be but isn't necessarily a form of symbiosis. (wikimedia.org)
Many of these relationships are difficult to see, but pollination is a form of symbiosis that can be observed quite easily. (treesforlife.org.uk)

There are three basic types of symbiosis, differentiated as to how the benefits (and the detriments, if any) are distributed. (encyclopedia.com)
Mutualism is distinguished from the other two types of symbiosis, because in this variety both creatures benefit. (encyclopedia.com)
The three types of symbiosis are mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. (smore.com)

Our results portray an evolutionary scenario of evolution of mycorrhizal symbiosis with a prominent role for Mucoromycotina in the early stages of land plant diversification. (nature.com)
Indeed, many scientists believe that most major evolutionary leaps were 'jump-started' by symbiosis. (treesforlife.org.uk)
The minimum age of the associated Coccus was estimated to be half that of the ants, at 7-9Myr, suggesting that they were latecomers in the evolutionary history of the symbiosis. (mendeley.com)
Like its predecessors, Volume 3 illustrates how symbiosis research has important ramifications for evolutionary biology, microbiology, parasitology, physiology, genetics, and animal behavior, and is especially relevant to the control of agricultural and disease-carrying pests worldwide. (routledge.com)
These original contributions by symbiosis biologists and evolutionary theorists address the adequacy of the prevailing neo-Darwinian concept of evolution in the light of growing evidence that hereditary symbiosis, supplemented by the gradual accumulation of heritable mutation, results in the origin of new species and morphological novelty. (worldcat.org)

the restrictive definition where symbiosis means only mutualism is no longer used. (wikipedia.org)
The mycorrhizal symbiosis between soil fungi and plant roots is a ubiquitous mutualism that plays key roles in plant nutrition, soil health, and carbon cycling. (osti.gov)

Cleaning symbiosis is a mutually beneficial association between individuals of two species, where one (the cleaner) removes and eats parasites and other materials from the surface of the other (the client). (wikipedia.org)
Cleaning symbiosis is well-known among marine fish, where some small species of cleaner fish , notably wrasses but also species in other genera, are specialised to feed almost exclusively by cleaning larger fish and other marine animals. (wikipedia.org)
Cleaning symbiosis is a relationship between a pair of animals of different species, involving the removal and subsequent ingestion of ectoparasites, diseased and injured tissue, and unwanted food items from the surface of the host organism (the client) by the cleaning organism (the cleaner). (wikipedia.org)
From the Greek for "living with," symbiosis is simply a close association between two different species in nature. (scienceblogs.com)
Symbiosis is a biological relationship in which two species live in close proximity to each other and interact regularly in such a way as to benefit one or both of the organisms. (encyclopedia.com)
When two species - that is, at least two individuals representing two different species - live and interact closely in such a way that either or both species benefit, it is symbiosis. (encyclopedia.com)
The term symbiosis is used to describe any permanent or long-lasting association between two or more different species of organisms. (carleton.edu)
The traditional definition of symbiosis is a mutually beneficial relationship involving close physical contact between two organisms that aren't the same species. (howstuffworks.com)
Symbiosis (plural: "symbioses") is the close, interactive association (living together) of members of two or more species . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In the narrowest sense of the term, as popularly used, symbiosis has been defined as the interactive association of two species in a mutually beneficial relationship. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
I know he has some interesting thoughts on symbiosis - mutually beneficial relationships between species. (philly.com)
The PCS coordinates a core group of scientists working to develop an integrated Phragmites symbiosis research strategy which will improve management of this invasive plant and inform restoration strategies for native plant species. (glc.org)
The PSC represents a unique and exciting opportunity for leading scientists involved in plant-fungal symbioses to collectively examine one of the most threatening invasive plants in North America and build a foundation for similar efforts for other species. (glc.org)
Symbiosis is a biological description of two species that exploit each other for individual benefit, while simultaneously conveying a benefit to the other. (science20.com)
When the two species have a close association with each other and which in turn benefits at least any one of them, this is called symbiosis. (bartleby.com)
For symbiosis to take place, at least any one of the species must be benefited. (bartleby.com)
Symbiosis farms contain 30 different species of tree, all of which grow quickly in the tropical Brazilian climate. (coha.org)
Symbiosis refers to the relationship between two or more plants or animals of different species that depend on each other to survive. (apologeticspress.org)
Evolutionists try hard (without success) to explain the existence of symbiosis in plant and animal species. (apologeticspress.org)
Another amazing example of symbiosis involving completely different species of sea life is the "Watchman Goby" and the shrimp. (apologeticspress.org)
This work allowed the scientists to discover that bystander IgA has the capacity to modulate gene expression and function of members of the gut microbial community, promoting symbiosis between commensal bacterial species required for colonic homeostasis. (genengnews.com)
Symbiosis refers to the biological interaction between two organisms or species, living in close association. (novapublishers.com)
Two seemingly unrelated species, yeasts and flies, have developed an intricate symbiosis based on smell," said study author Kevin Verstrepen of KU Leuven and the VIB Laboratory of Systems Biology in Belgium. (redorbit.com)
Today more than 230 species of fungus-farming ants participate in intricate symbioses with their cultivated fungi. (smithsonianassociates.org)

Popp C, Ott T (2011) Regulation of signal transduction and bacterial infection during root nodule symbiosis. (springer.com)
Plants able to establish a nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis with the actinobacterium Frankia are called actinorhizal. (springer.com)

Macroevolutionary specialization by fungi for specific symbioses involves diverse adaptations with regard to environmental and host-related factors. (nature.com)
Mycorrhizal symbiosis between soil fungi and land plants is one of the most widespread and ecologically important mutualisms on earth. (nature.com)
The genome of the AM glomeromycete Rhizophagus irregularis showed that despite enormous phylogenetic distance and morphological difference from the other two fungi, symbiosis can involve similar solutions as symbiosis-induced SSPs and loss of PCWDEs. (osti.gov)

But if you think about it, the Lord's church is a great example of symbiosis in which one person or group helps other people or groups. (apologeticspress.org)

Symbiosis can be obligatory, which means that one or both of the symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival, or facultative (optional) when they can generally live independently. (wikipedia.org)
This is known as facultative symbiosis . (howstuffworks.com)

Since the lightbulb is blue, this bacteria is probably expressing the Lux operon from Vibrio fischeri, which use their bioluminescence in an awesome underwater symbiosis. (scienceblogs.com)
Dutch designer Jelte van Abbema won the €10,000 Rado Prize at the Dutch Design Awards last week for a body of work including Symbiosis, an experimental project that involved printing with bacteria. (dezeen.com)
Summarizing current knowledge on symbiotic organisms in the biology of insects, Insect Symbiosis, Volume II describes the diversity of symbiotic bacteria associated with pests such as whiteflies, aphids, mealybugs, psyllids, and tsetse flies. (routledge.com)
Researchers at both universities will use the relationship between native California legumes and nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium bacteria to study the drivers of variation in symbioses. (eurekalert.org)
Details of this work appeared July 24 in the Journal of Experimental Medicine , in an article titled, "IgA regulates the composition and metabolic function of gut microbiota by promoting symbiosis between bacteria. (genengnews.com)
We knew that IgA contributed in some way to gut health, but it was exciting to discover this new mechanism-the MAFF system-that actually promotes symbiosis among the bacteria that inhabit the mucus membrane of the gut," said Keiichiro Suzuki, a researcher at Kyoto University and the leader of the study. (genengnews.com)
For examples, go back to our bacteria animal symbiosis home page. (uconn.edu)
Nutritional interaction in insect- microbial symbioses: aphids and their symbiotic bacteria Buchnera. (uconn.edu)
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Bremen have now succeeded for the first time in simultaneously identifying individual bacteria in the symbiosis and measuring which metabolites they convert. (mpg.de)

The book provides analysis and synthesis of cutting-edge research in insect symbiosis that sheds light on the evolution of the host/symbiont relationship, and in turn, on the general study of evolution, physiology, and genetics. (routledge.com)

[6] In 1877, Albert Bernhard Frank used the term symbiosis to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens . (wikipedia.org)
The term symbiosis was coined by the German botanist Anton de Bary in 1879 from the Greek symbioun (to live together), from the prefix sym (sum, together, or together with) and the word bios (life). (newworldencyclopedia.org)

symbiosis in which the organisms have bodily union is called conjunctive symbiosis, and symbiosis in which they are not in union is called disjunctive symbiosis. (wikipedia.org)
When symbionts form a single body it is called conjunctive symbiosis, while all other arrangements are called disjunctive symbiosis. (wikipedia.org)

In this article we're going to focus on mutually beneficial symbiosis. (howstuffworks.com)
Symbiosis is a new series from Chicago, IL based artist Rik Garrett exploring ideas regarding love, relationships, magic, Alchemy and mutually beneficial partnerships in nature. (juxtapoz.com)
If there is negative effect on one of the partners, it is called a parasitic symbiosis and if there is no beneficial or negative effect it is a commensal symbiosis. (uconn.edu)
Symbiosis: Art and the Community recognizes the mutually beneficial relationship between artists, the local community, and Communication. (isthmus.com)

Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") [2] is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic , commensalistic , or parasitic . (wikipedia.org)
Harnessing the immunomodulatory capacity of symbiosis factors such as PSA might potentially provide therapeutics for human inflammatory disorders on the basis of entirely novel biological principles. (nih.gov)
I formulate in relational terms the ubiquitous biological interaction of symbiosis. (springer.com)
Overall, our vision is to produce a volume of works that will help define general principles of symbiosis within a new conceptual framework, in the road to finally establish symbiology as an overdue central discipline of biological science. (frontiersin.org)

Commensalism is a type of relationship where one of the organisms benefits greatly from the symbiosis. (smore.com)

In more popular usage, symbiosis usually refers to mutualistic relationships, and it is these, and the vital role they play in the Caledonian Forest, that we will explore below. (treesforlife.org.uk)

One manner of classifying symbioses is according to the physical location of the symbionts. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Insect Symbiosis, Volume 3 , includes pioneering chapters on Paratransgenesis in termites, Bacterial symbionts in anopheles spp. (routledge.com)

The Symbiosis Entrance Test (SET) results 2017 will be published tomorrow in the official website. (ndtv.com)

The native legume Acmispon strigosus can grow under low nutrient conditions because of its symbiosis with nitrogen fixing Bradyrhizobium. (eurekalert.org)

Arrighi JF, Cartieaux F, Brown SC, Rodier-Goud M, Boursot M, Fardoux J et al (2012) Aeschynomene evenia , a model plant for studying the molecular genetics of the nod-independent rhizobium-legume symbiosis. (springer.com)
We are currently seeking a highly motivated candidate with strong bioinformatics background to pursue Ph.D. Our group applies functional and comparative genomics techniques to investigate the molecular basis of symbiosis and adaptation in corals and related cnidarian model organisms. (findaphd.com)
2000. Common molecular mechanisms of symbiosis and pathogenesis. (uconn.edu)

This project will build on recent work highlighting the changing view of the nature of the relationship between plant and fungus in the (near) ubiquitous symbiosis. (findaphd.com)

Some biologists, however, consider any interspecies relationship involving frequent close contact to be symbiosis, regardless of which of the organisms benefits. (howstuffworks.com)

Oldroyd GED, Murray JD, Poole PS, Downie JA (2011) The rules of engagement in the Legume-Rhizobial symbiosis. (springer.com)
Gourion B, Berrabah F, Ratet P, Stacey G (2015) Rhizobium - legume symbioses: the crucial role of plant immunity. (springer.com)
Udvardi M, Poole PS (2013) Transport and metabolism in Legume-Rhizobia symbioses. (springer.com)
Van de Velde W, Guerra JC, De Keyser A, De Rycke R, Rombauts S, Maunoury N et al (2006) Aging in legume symbiosis. (springer.com)
Suppression of plant defence in rhizobia-legume symbiosis. (nih.gov)

Symbiosis rules, and we are all lichens. (philly.com)
For nearly 150 years, lichens have been the model organisms of symbiosis. (purdue.edu)
Lichens have long been thought to be a symbiosis between a fungus and an alga, but it turned out that this relationship is not so exclusive. (smithsonianassociates.org)

The role of cleaning symbioses has been debated by biologists for over thirty years. (wikipedia.org)

The definition of symbiosis was a matter of debate for 130 years. (wikipedia.org)
The original definition of symbiosis by deBary (1879) did not include a judgment on whether the partners benefit or harm each other. (uconn.edu)

Here we evaluate the origins of plant-fungal symbioses and saprotrophy using a time-calibrated phylogenetic framework that reveals linked and drastic shifts in diversification rates of each kingdom. (nature.com)
The ancestral symbiosis is assumed to have been replaced in several plant lineages by other types of symbiotic associations in multiple independent shifts 7 , 17 . (nature.com)
Although rhizobia colonize roots in a way that is reminiscent of pathogenic microorganisms, no host plant defence reactions are triggered during successful symbioses. (nih.gov)
The prevalence of coccoids in ant-plant mutualisms suggest that they play an important role in the evolution of ant-plant symbioses. (mendeley.com)
We have discovered a previously unknown plant-microbial symbiosis with global distribution. (findaphd.com)
But these symbioses vary greatly in their effects on plant health and fitness. (eurekalert.org)

All manuscripts must be submitted directly to the section Microbial Symbioses, where they are peer-reviewed by the Associate and Review Editors of the specialty section. (frontiersin.org)
Articles published in the section Microbial Symbioses will benefit from the Frontiers impact and tiering system after online publication. (frontiersin.org)

The study of symbiosis has dramatically accelerated over recent decades with genetic and genomic approaches revealing an astounding array of novel and diverse relationships that are fundamentally challenging our understanding of basic biology and ecology. (frontiersin.org)
In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the evolution, biology and ecological effects of symbiosis. (novapublishers.com)

Symbiosis aims to introduce new or unknown symbioses for research in symbiology and intends to provide a central information point for this intriguing subfield to enhance interaction among researchers in its various sectors. (springer.com)
Symbiosis is an interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association. (smore.com)
Man-computer symbiosis is an expected evelopment in cooperative interaction between men and electronic computers. (chatbots.org)

The symbiosis evolved repeatedly and independently as multiple morphotypes [e.g., arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), ectomycorrhizal (ECM)] in multiple fungal clades (e.g., phyla Glomeromycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota). (osti.gov)

Basically, all the CEOs lived and worked in Kalundborg, they met [up] after-hours and had some of the same interests," says Per Møller, head of Symbiosis Center Denmark, a symbiosis knowledge centre based out of Kalundborg. (corporateknights.com)

Symbiosis Gathering is an event offering music, art, workshops and seminars -- and it's the first time the festival has come to Oakdale's Woodward Reservoir.Photos: Peek inside Oakdale's version of Burning Man"It's been a good nine months of planning," said Bosque Hrbek, the festival director.Hrbek said event organizers have set up four different stages that will host 200 bands and DJs. (kcra.com)
Symbiosis Gathering is an event offering music, art, workshops and seminars -- and it's the first time the festival has come to Oakdale's Woodward Reservoir. (kcra.com)

To date, PSC members have convened in meetings to discuss their research and begin development of a research Phragmites symbiosis research strategy. (glc.org)
To facilitate this research that advances the use of symbiotic control mechanisms for invasive plants, the USGS and the Great Lakes Commission (GLC) have initiated the Phragmites Symbiosis Collaborative (PSC). (glc.org)
The objectives of the PSC are to: 1) establish the current state of the science and identify significant research gaps, 2) develop a vision document or agenda to guide future research, 3) provide support for research projects (e.g. supplemental funding, labor, infrastructure) to address the most pressing research needs, and 4) maximize collective progress toward an integrated Phragmites -control and habitat restoration strategy founded on microbial symbiosis relationships. (glc.org)

Symbiosis publishes articles which are accounts of original studies, review articles, book reviews, meeting reports and a calendar of events. (springer.com)

When we think about symbiosis, we should not forget that humans can be very helpful to their fellow humans. (apologeticspress.org)
Fishing with dolphins: Symbiosis between humans and marine mammals to catch more fish. (slate.com)
We will study the parameters that influence symbiosis and help guide how microbes can be better deployed to increase productivity of agricultural systems and promote health of humans and the planet. (eurekalert.org)

Thanks to direct and reverse genetic as well as transcriptomic approaches, numerous genes involved in this symbiosis have been described and improve our understanding of this fantastic association. (springer.com)
The genome of the ECM ascomycete Tuber melanosporum showed that the ECM type can evolve without expansion of families as in Laccaria , and thus a different set of symbiosis genes. (osti.gov)

It was in botany class some years later that I came across 'symbiosis' and learned that it didn't apply to plants exclusively. (gulfnews.com)
An ancient tripartite symbiosis of plants. (mendeley.com)
In the Asian tropics, a conspicuous radiation of Macaranga plants is inhabited by obligately associated Crematogaster ants tending Coccus (Coccidae) scale insects, forming a tripartite symbiosis. (mendeley.com)

This was also the case with the symbiosis discovered by the Bremen scientists in Lake Zug in Switzerland. (idw-online.de)
The Phragmites Symbiosis Collaborative (PSC) is a partnership with the US Geological Survey to facilitate cooperation and collaboration among scientists to better understand the use of endophytic communities to manage invasive Phragmites australis . (glc.org)

Anatomy6

Organisms65

Chemicals and Drugs7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes15

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science2

Health Care1

Sodalis gen. nov. and Sodalis glossinidius sp. nov., a microaerophilic secondary endosymbiont of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans. (1/4230)

Diversity of dissimilatory bisulfite reductase genes of bacteria associated with the deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana. (2/4230)

Novel genes induced during an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis formed between Medicago truncatula and Glomus versiforme. (3/4230)

Further studies of the role of cyclic beta-glucans in symbiosis. An NdvC mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum synthesizes cyclodecakis-(1-->3)-beta-glucosyl. (4/4230)

Sugar- and nitrogen-dependent regulation of an Amanita muscaria phenylalanine ammonium lyase gene. (5/4230)

LB-AUT7, a novel symbiosis-regulated gene from an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Laccaria bicolor, is functionally related to vesicular transport and autophagocytosis. (6/4230)

A GroEL homologue from endosymbiotic bacteria of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci is implicated in the circulative transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. (7/4230)

Isolation and characterization of the catalase gene from Rhizobium sp. SNU003, a root nodule symbiont of Canavalia lineata. (8/4230)

Symbiosis

Mycorrhizae

Sinorhizobium meliloti

Plant Root Nodulation

Nitrogen Fixation

Root Nodules, Plant

Medicago truncatula

Lotus

Aliivibrio fischeri

Medicago sativa

Glomeromycota

Fabaceae

Plant Roots

Rhizobium

Bradyrhizobium

Medicago

Dinoflagellida

Rhizobiaceae

Mesorhizobium

Frankia

Rhizobium leguminosarum

Buchnera

Rhizobium etli

Cnidaria

Decapodiformes

Endophytes

Sinorhizobium

Phylogeny

Fungi

Hypocreales

Aphids

Molecular Sequence Data

Phaseolus

Ants

Anthozoa

Bacterial Proteins

Plant Proteins

Alveolata

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Genes, Bacterial

Laccaria

Soybeans

Amanita

Bivalvia

Azorhizobium caulinodans

Lichens

Prochloron

Mycelium

Plants, Medicinal

Phosphate Transport Proteins

Sesbania

Photorhabdus

Animal Structures

Lolium

Cannabaceae

Plants

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Crotalaria

Alnus

Ulmaceae

Alphaproteobacteria

Ericaceae

Coral Reefs

Agrobacterium

Nitrogen

Bacterial Physiological Phenomena

Heteroptera

Epichloe

Peas

Azorhizobium

Sinorhizobium fredii

Genes, Plant

Vicia

Neotyphodium

Mutation

Genome, Bacterial

Rhizobium tropici

Leghemoglobin

Polysaccharides, Bacterial