Switzerland
Liechtenstein
Europe
Austria
Questionnaires
Birthing Centers
Permanent work incapacity, mortality and survival without work incapacity among occupations and social classes: a cohort study of ageing men in Geneva. (1/2179)
BACKGROUND: The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the burden of disability and death in men, from middle age to age of retirement, among occupational groups and classes in Geneva. METHODS: Men were included if they resided in the Canton of Geneva, were 45 years of age in 1970-1972, and were not receiving a disability pension at the start of the follow-up. The cohort of 5137 men was followed up for 20 years and linked to national registers of disability pension allowance and of causes of death. RESULTS: There was a steep upward trend in incidence of permanent work incapacity with lower social class for all causes as well as for the seven causes of disability studied. Compared with professional occupations (social class I), the relative risk (RR) of permanent work incapacity was 11.4 for partly skilled and unskilled occupations (class IV+V) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.2-28.0). The social class gradient in mortality was in the same direction as that in work incapacity although much less steep (RR class IV+V to class I = 1.6, 95% CI : 1.1-2.2). Survival without work incapacity at the time of the 65th birthday ranged from only 57% in construction workers and labourers to 89% in science and related professionals. Unemployment in Geneva was below 1.5% during almost all the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Medically-ascertained permanent work incapacity and survival without work incapacity have shown considerably greater socioeconomic differentials than the mortality differentials. (+info)Paediatric, invasive pneumococcal disease in Switzerland, 1985-1994. Swiss Pneumococcal Study Group. (2/2179)
BACKGROUND: Cost effective use of new vaccines against pneumococcal disease in children requires detailed information about the local epidemiology of pneumococcal infections. METHODS: Data on 393 culture-confirmed cases of invasive pneumococcal infection in children (<17 years) hospitalized in Swiss paediatric clinics were collected retrospectively for the years 1985-1994. RESULTS: Meningitis (42%) was most frequent, followed by pneumonia (28%) and bacteraemia (26%). The overall annual incidence was 2.7 cases per 100000 children <17 years old and 11 cases per 100000 children <2 years old. Annual incidence rates were stable over the study period. Lethality was high for meningitis (8.6%) and bacteraemia (8.9%). A history of basal skull fracture was reported in 3.3% of children with pneumococcal meningitis. Residence in a rural region was associated with an increased risk of pneumococcal infection (relative risk = 1.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.00). CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric, invasive pneumococcal disease seems to be less frequent in Switzerland than in other European and non-European countries. This may be due to differences in diagnostic strategies and lower frequency of risk factors such as the use of day care. Children with a history of basal skull fracture are at increased risk for pneumococcal meningitis. Further investigation of the association of invasive pneumococcal infection with rural residence and the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections might give new insight into the dynamics of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and the development of antibiotic resistance. (+info)Thyroid volumes and urinary iodine in Swiss school children, 17 years after improved prophylaxis of iodine deficiency. (3/2179)
Salt iodine content in Switzerland was raised from 7.5 to 15 mg per kg in 1980, and since then dietary iodine intake has been considered to be sufficient, even though a slight decrease due to imported food has recently been reported. The aim of this study was to establish normal values for thyroid volumes of school children who can be assumed to have had a sufficient iodine intake all their lifetime. Moreover. the present investigation was undertaken to verify that iodine sufficiency had been achieved equally in two regions each served by one of the two Swiss salt producers. Mean iodine concentration in urine spot samples from school children was 16.1 microg/dl, and it was identical in both the city of Lausanne (n=215) and the city of Solothurn (n=208). Thus it can be stated that in both cities (served by two different salt producers) iodine intake is equal and sufficient. Accordingly, thyroid volumes measured by ultrasound in school children aged 6 to 16 years were the same in both Lausanne (n=202) and Solothurn (n=207). Moreover, the age-adjusted median volumes at the 97th percentiles closely agree with and validate provisional international reference values recently proposed by the World Health Organisation and by the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disease. (+info)In situ analysis of phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the chemocline of meromictic Lake Cadagno (Switzerland). (4/2179)
Comparative sequence analysis of a 16S rRNA gene clone library from the chemocline of the meromictic Lake Cadagno (Switzerland) revealed the presence of a diverse number of phototrophic sulfur bacteria. Sequences resembled those of rRNA of type strains Chromatium okenii DSM169 and Amoebobacter purpureus DSM4197, as well as those of four bacteria forming a tight cluster with A. purpureus DSM4197 and Lamprocystis roseopersicina DSM229. In situ hybridization with fluorescent (Cy3 labeled) oligonucleotide probes indicated that all large-celled phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the chemocline of Lake Cadagno were represented by C. okenii DSM169, while small-celled phototrophic sulfur bacteria consisted of four major populations with different distribution profiles in the chemocline indicating different ecophysiological adaptations. (+info)The economic burden of asthma: direct and indirect costs in Switzerland. (5/2179)
Asthma mortality increased in Switzerland between 1980 and 1994. This study aimed to assess the economic burden of asthma in this country. Chart reviews were conducted for the last five patients seen for asthma in physician practices in 1996 and 1997. Direct expenditures and indirect costs for asthma-related morbidity were determined. A total of 589 patient charts were completely analysed, including 117 children's charts, obtained from 120 office-based physicians. The annual direct medical costs were CHF 1,778 and the mean annual indirect costs were CHF 1,019 per patient for all patients. The total estimated cost of asthma in Switzerland in 1997 was nearly CHF 1,252 million. Direct medical expenditures approached CHF 762 million, or 61% of the total. In 1997, the indirect costs for asthma were estimated to have exceeded CHF 490 million. Of these costs CHF 123 million (25%) was associated with morbidity and nearly CHF 368 million (75%) was associated with looking after asthmatic patients who had to be cared for at home. This study provides evidence that asthma is a major healthcare cost factor in Switzerland, amounting to approximately CHF 1,200 million per year. The data suggest that cost savings can be achieved by improving primary care for asthma in an ambulatory setting. (+info)Serological evidence of infection with Ehrlichia spp. in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Switzerland. (6/2179)
Serum samples from 1,550 red foxes in Switzerland were tested for antibodies to the agents of canine granulocytic and monocytic ehrlichiosis by an indirect immunofluorescent technique. Forty-four (2.8%) of the samples were positive for Ehrlichia phagocytophila, which is an antigen marker for granulocytic ehrlichiosis. In contrast, none of the samples had antibodies specific to Ehrlichia canis, the agent of monocytic ehrlichiosis. (+info)Harm reduction in Bern: from outreach to heroin maintenance. (7/2179)
In Switzerland, harm-reduction programs have the support of the national government and many localities, in congruence with much of the rest of Europe and in contrast with the United States, and take place in public settings. The threat of AIDS is recognized as the greater harm. This paper describes the overall national program and highlights the experience from one city; the program is noteworthy because it is aimed at gathering comparative data from controlled trials. (+info)Expression of CD28 and CD38 by CD8+ T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection correlates with markers of disease severity and changes towards normalization under treatment. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. (8/2179)
The relationship between blood CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets, as defined by CD28 and CD38 expression, and plasma viraemia and CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infection was investigated. In a cross-sectional study of 46 patients with either no or stable anti-retroviral treatment, there was a strong negative correlation between the percentage of CD8+CD28- and the percentage of CD4+ T cells (r = -0.75, P < 0.0001), and a positive correlation between absolute numbers of CD8+CD28+ and CD4+ T cells (r = 0.56, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the expression of CD38 by CD8+ T lymphocytes correlated primarily with plasma viraemia (e.g. the percentage of CD38+ in CD8bright cells, r = 0.76, P < 0.0001). In the 6 months following triple therapy initiation in 32 subjects, there was a close correlation between changes (delta) in CD8+CD28+ or CD8+CD28- and in CD4+ T cells (e.g. delta % CD8+CD28+ versus delta % CD4+, r = 0.37, P = 0.0002; delta % CD8+CD28- versus delta % CD4+, r = -0.66, P < 0.0001). A marked decline of the number of CD8+ T cells expressing CD38 was also observed. These results suggest the existence of a T cell homeostasis mechanism operating in blood with CD4+ and CD8+CD28+ cells on the one hand, and with CD8+CD28- cells on the other. In addition, the percentage of CD38+ cells in CD8+ cells, generally considered an independent prognostic factor, could merely reflect plasma viral load. (+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Switzerland" is not a medical term or concept. Switzerland is a country in Europe, known officially as the Swiss Confederation. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Liechtenstein" is not a medical term or concept. It is actually a small country located in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and Austria to the east. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Europe" is a geographical and political designation, rather than a medical one. It refers to the continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Europe is made up of approximately 50 countries, depending on how one defines a "country."
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help answer them!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Austria" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country located in central Europe, known officially as the Republic of Austria. It is not a medical condition, treatment, or related term. If you have any questions about a medical issue, I would be happy to try to help answer those for you!
A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.
Birthing centers, also known as birth centers or freestanding birth centers, are healthcare facilities that provide family-centered care for low-risk childbirth. They are usually standalone facilities, separate from hospitals, and are designed to provide a homelike atmosphere for labor, delivery, and immediate postpartum recovery.
Birthing centers are staffed by certified nurse-midwives, midwives, and sometimes obstetricians who work together to provide care that is based on the principles of normal, physiologic birth. They offer a range of services, including prenatal care, labor support, and postpartum follow-up care.
Birthing centers aim to provide a safe and supportive environment for women who want to have a natural childbirth experience, without the need for medical intervention unless it becomes necessary. They may not be equipped to handle high-risk pregnancies or complications during labor and delivery, and therefore may transfer women to a hospital if needed.
It's important to note that while birthing centers can provide a unique and personalized childbirth experience, they may not be covered by all insurance plans, and it's essential to check with your insurance provider to determine coverage before making a decision.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Germany" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country in central Europe. If you have any questions related to medical topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!
Switzerland
Bullet, Switzerland
Jussy, Switzerland
General (Switzerland)
Boussens, Switzerland
Grabs, Switzerland
Ins, Switzerland
Ardon, Switzerland
Froideville, Switzerland
Savigny, Switzerland
Salins, Switzerland
Wald, Switzerland
Fétigny, Switzerland
Pegida Switzerland
Grandfontaine, Switzerland
Endingen, Switzerland
Mies, Switzerland
Heimberg, Switzerland
Arosio, Switzerland
Gals, Switzerland
Honau, Switzerland
Rüdigsdorf Switzerland
Mittelland, Switzerland
Acquarossa, Switzerland
Orny, Switzerland
Montana, Switzerland
Selma, Switzerland
Chevilly, Switzerland
Elm, Switzerland
Hinterrhein, Switzerland
Switzerland - Wikipedia
Banking in Switzerland - Wikipedia
Matthias Tischer | EY - Switzerland
About Switzerland
On the Frankenstein trail in Switzerland
Category:Manno, Switzerland - Wikimedia Commons
Switzerland (kottke.org)
Mental Health and Work: Switzerland | en | OECD
Lausanne, Switzerland
About Switzerland
Red Hat Summit Connect: Zurich, Switzerland
Staubbachfall | Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland | Attractions - Lonely Planet
Norway to Switzerland - AOPA
Switzerland - SWI swissinfo.ch
Regional news for Switzerland
Switzerland - European Environment Agency
St. Moritz | Switzerland Tourism
Bassins, Switzerland - Weather Forecasts | Maps | News - Yahoo Weather
Switzerland Travel Stories - Lonely Planet
Switzerland Tag: Archive (ABC Science)
Canada and Switzerland
Switzerland Photos, Flag, Map and Travel Information
World Refugee Day 2002: Switzerland | UNHCR UK
Switzerland-Romania | European Qualifiers 2024 | UEFA.com
The Culture Of Switzerland - WorldAtlas
Cookie Policy | Credit Suisse Switzerland
Lessons from Switzerland | Dissident Voice
Switzerland | Gorilla Agreement
20222
- The table to the right includes counts of all research outputs for EuroVacc Foundation, Switzerland published between 1 August 2022 - 31 July 2023 which are tracked by the Nature Index. (nature.com)
- May 2022, Geneva, Switzerland - Global public health leaders convening last week at the World Health Assembly called for urgent action to end polio once and for all before a unique window of opportunity closes for good. (polioeradication.org)
Bern3
- Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern. (wikipedia.org)
- Lausanne finally gained its independence from Bern after the invasion of Napoléon Bonaparte's army in 1798, and was admitted to Switzerland as the capital of Vaud in 1803. (sacred-destinations.com)
- In 1529 Protestant troops from Zürich and Bern advanced on the five Catholic cantons of central Switzerland (Uri, Schwyz , Unterwalden , Lucerne, and Zug), which had joined to form the Christian Union , but little fighting occurred in this first conflict, thanks to the compromise symbolized by the famous Kappeler Milchsuppe , a soup of milk and bread shared on the front by the two opposing armies. (britannica.com)
20193
- In 2019, the World Economic Forum rated Switzerland the world's fifth most competitive economy. (state.gov)
- In 2019, Zurich, which is sometimes used as a reference point for corporate location tax calculations within Switzerland, had a combined corporate tax rate of 21.15 percent, which includes municipal, cantonal, and federal tax. (state.gov)
- The United States and Switzerland have a bilateral tax treaty, for which a new protocol on information sharing was ratified in 2019. (state.gov)
World's2
- Switzerland is one of the world's most developed countries, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. (wikipedia.org)
- Voters in Switzerland have backed some of the world's toughest controls on executive pay, forcing public companies to give shareholders a binding vote on remuneration. (telegraph.co.uk)
Capita3
- Even though Switzerland tops the world rankings for rail travel by passenger-kilometres per capita, the car remains the country's favourite means of transport. (admin.ch)
- Switzerland is a peaceful, prosperous, and modern market economy with low unemployment, a highly skilled labor force, and a per capita GDP among the highest in the world. (nationmaster.com)
- Switzerland is overtaken by Bulgaria, which was ranked number 19 with 0.14 Metric Tons Per Capita and is followed by Poland at 0.13 Metric Tons Per Capita. (nationmaster.com)
20201
- A referendum on limits to free speech in Switzerland occurred on February 9, 2020 where the Swiss people voted 63.1% to 36.9% [5] to allow a 2018 anti-LGBT discrimination bill to be enacted. (wikipedia.org)
Switzerland's1
- Switzerland's then biggest town, Basel , became a cultural centre as a result of the Council of Basel (1431-49), the foundation of its university (1460), and its printing industry, which attracted famed Renaissance scholar Desiderius Erasmus , whose Christian philosophy became the heart of humanism in Switzerland. (britannica.com)
Schwyz1
- Go to Schwyz (Switzerland) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. (oxfordreference.com)
17th1
- Church music dominated Switzerland until the 17th century, and in Protestant areas music was strictly controlled during the Reformation. (britannica.com)
Svislando1
- Fey estas komunumo en Kantono Vaŭdo en Svislando . (wikimedia.org)
Landlocked country1
- Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located at the confluence of Western, Central and Southern Europe. (wikipedia.org)
20212
- Switzerland ranks first in the Human Development Index since 2021 and performs highly also on several international metrics, including economic competitiveness and democratic governance. (wikipedia.org)
- Feb 24, 2021 · Learn about the geography, history, and culture of Switzerland with maps and facts. (yahoo.com)
Country's1
- Many U.S. firms base their European or regional headquarters in Switzerland, drawn to the country's low corporate tax rates, productive and multilingual workforce, and well-maintained infrastructure and transportation networks. (state.gov)
20022
Geneva Switzerland1
- WHO global forum for government chief nursing and midwifery officers, 16-17 May 2012, Geneva, Switzerland. (who.int)
Destinations1
- What are some popular tourist destinations in Switzerland? (yahoo.com)
Armed neutrality1
- Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. (wikipedia.org)
Main2
Vaud1
- Fey est une commune dans le canton de Vaud en Suisse . (wikimedia.org)
Location1
- Swiss justice minister Simonetta Sommaruga said implementing the proposals would be challenging, but said Switzerland would remain an attractive location for business. (telegraph.co.uk)
Headquarters1
- Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the United Nations. (wikipedia.org)
Hosts1
- Switzerland hosts a significant number of startups, including a sizeable ecosystem for companies in blockchain and distributed ledger technologies. (state.gov)
International8
- In recent years, Switzerland has attracted companies such as oil rig owner Transocean and fire and safety company Tyco International. (telegraph.co.uk)
- Although Switzerland has not been at the forefront in music, it has produced several composers of international renown, such as the 20th-century figures Arthur Honegger , Othmar Schoeck , and Frank Martin . (britannica.com)
- Switzerland is home to a number of international music festivals. (britannica.com)
- Switzerland both shapes and implements international standards. (admin.ch)
- Switzerland has also come under increasing pressure from individual neighboring countries, the EU, the US, and international institutions to reform its banking secrecy laws. (nationmaster.com)
- Phoning home and within Switzerland If calling from Switzerland, you need to enter the international country code. (myswitzerland.com)
- Switzerland is welcoming to international investors, with a positive overall investment climate. (state.gov)
- In support of innovative research in the domain of Civil Engineering, the ASCE Switzerland International Group has established the ASCE-Swiss Prize in recognition of exceptional Master theses, which combine scientific advances with application areas of practical relevance in the domain of Civil Engineering. (asce.org)
Gateway1
- U.S. companies also choose Switzerland as a gateway to markets in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and beyond. (state.gov)
Language2
- Swiss identity transcends language, ethnicity, and religion, leading to Switzerland being described as a Willensnation ("nation of volition") rather than a nation state. (wikipedia.org)
- Map of major lakes and rivers of Switzerland labelled in the relevant local language (French, German or Italian). (wikipedia.org)
Growth1
- Switzerland is one of the top OECD performers in terms of labour productivity, but productivity growth has slowed markedly over the past three decades. (oecd.org)
Years1
- Glaciers in Switzerland are shrinking, have lost a total of ten per cent of their ice volume over a period of two years as a combination of low snowfall. (nepalnews.com)
Centres1
- Switzerland was also among the leading centres of the Protestant Reformation during the 16th century and was home to such influential theologians as Huldrych Zwingli , Johannes Stumpf , and the French-born John Calvin . (britannica.com)
Global2
- The global financial crisis and resulting economic downturn put Switzerland in a recession in 2009 as global export demand stalled. (nationmaster.com)
- The global streaming service Paramount+ will launch in France on December 1, followed by Germany, Austria and Switzerland on December 8. (broadbandtvnews.com)
Regions1
- Tourist Regions of Switzerland Map Switzerland has numerous Tourist Regions each with its own unique features. (yahoo.com)
Year2
- Festivals, forums and fairs: hundreds of major events are held in Switzerland throughout the year. (admin.ch)
- Since 2014, Switzerland Fruits Direct Material Inputs increased 0.9% year on year. (nationmaster.com)
Europe3
- Switzerland lies at the heart of Europe. (admin.ch)
- The voltage in Switzerland, as in most of Europe, is 230V/50 Hz. (myswitzerland.com)
- Norway and Switzerland have taken a different stance to most other countries in Europe on restricting Russian state-controlled outlets and freedom of expression. (broadbandtvnews.com)
Resort1
- This online map of Switzerland shows holiday resorts, hotels and webcams and will greatly simplify your journey to Switzerland and to your resort. (yahoo.com)
Address2
- What is the best way to find a specific town or address in Switzerland? (yahoo.com)
- The domain is registered by the Pirate Party of Switzerland and it currently points to a single IP address in Sweden. (netcraft.com)
Addresses1
- In 2010 the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland found that IP addresses are personal information and that under Swiss privacy laws they may not be used to track Internet usage without the knowledge of the individuals involved. (wikipedia.org)
National1
- One land where an appreciation of nature runs deep in the national consciousness is Switzerland. (designhotels.com)
Find1
- Whether typically Swiss, Italian, Asian or other exotic culinary delights: You can find it all in Switzerland. (myswitzerland.com)
City2
- Lausanne (pronounced 'lo-ZANN') is a medium-sized city perched on a steep hill on the north side of Lake Geneva in southwest Switzerland. (sacred-destinations.com)
- At the top of the old town is Lausanne Cathedral , the best-preserved Gothic cathedral in Switzerland, from which there is a magnificent view over the city to Lake Geneva. (sacred-destinations.com)
Economic1
- Canada's diplomatic, economic or cultural relationship with Switzerland. (gc.ca)
Services3
- Ernst & Young Limited is a Swiss company with registered seats in Switzerland providing services to clients in Switzerland. (ey.com)
- Internet services provided by the registered with BAKOM Internet service providers (ISPs) are subject to a "voluntary recommendation" by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, which requires blocking of websites just after 18 December 2007. (wikipedia.org)
- Services for Canadians if you're visiting, studying, working or doing business in Switzerland. (gc.ca)
Business3
- But the clear majority backing the proposals was unusual in pro-business Switzerland, where some have warned that the crackdown will damage competitiveness and endanger jobs. (telegraph.co.uk)
- Despite threats from some executives, Switzerland is unlikely to see an exodus of big companies, drawn to the country by low taxes, stable politics and business-friendly laws. (telegraph.co.uk)
- In Switzerland, writing is only possible as an export business," Friedrich Dürrenmatt , one of the few internationally known Swiss authors, once remarked. (britannica.com)
Includes1
- For a list of lakes above 800 metres (2,600 ft) that includes smaller water bodies, see List of mountain lakes of Switzerland . (wikipedia.org)
Data3
- The data code for Switzerland, CH, is derived from Latin Confoederatio Helvetica (English: Helvetic Confederation). (wikipedia.org)
- A new Era for Data Protection in Switzerland - Are you ready? (ey.com)
- Here, we present new data on the geomorphology and sedimentology of annually formed moraine ridges in the foreland of Gornergletscher, Switzerland, with the aim of reconstructing the processes of their formation, assessing their preservation potential over longer time scales, and evaluating the climatic significance of these terrestrial archives. (lu.se)
Free2
- 89 Free kick Switzerland. (bleacherreport.com)
- The free streaming service Pluto TV has partnered with BBC Studios to bring three new channels to Germany, Switzerland, Austria (GSA), France and Spain. (broadbandtvnews.com)
Foreign1
- Switzerland takes a proactive approach in its foreign policy, particularly towards the EU. (admin.ch)
English1
- The English name Switzerland is a portmanteau of Switzer, an obsolete term for a Swiss person which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries, and land. (wikipedia.org)
Visit1
- www.ourescapeclause.com › best-places-to-visit-in 17 Spectacular Places to Visit in Switzerland (+ Map! (yahoo.com)
Group1
- ASCE's Switzerland group started in 2015 and has just under 70 members. (asce.org)