The anterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which coordinate the general behavioral orienting responses to visual stimuli, such as whole-body turning, and reaching.
Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.
The posterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which contain centers for auditory function.
The middle of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain. Without further subdivision, midbrain develops into a short, constricted portion connecting the PONS and the DIENCEPHALON. Midbrain contains two major parts, the dorsal TECTUM MESENCEPHALI and the ventral TEGMENTUM MESENCEPHALI, housing components of auditory, visual, and other sensorimoter systems.
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

oko meduzy mutations affect neuronal patterning in the zebrafish retina and reveal cell-cell interactions of the retinal neuroepithelial sheet. (1/1271)

Mutations of the oko meduzy (ome) locus cause drastic neuronal patterning defect in the zebrafish retina. The precise, stratified appearance of the wild-type retina is absent in the mutants. Despite the lack of lamination, at least seven retinal cell types differentiate in oko meduzy. The ome phenotype is already expressed in the retinal neuroepithelium affecting morphology of the neuroepithelial cells. Our experiments indicate that previously unknown cell-cell interactions are involved in development of the retinal neuroepithelial sheet. In genetically mosaic animals, cell-cell interactions are sufficient to rescue the phenotype of oko meduzy retinal neuroepithelial cells. These cell-cell interactions may play a critical role in the patterning events that lead to differentiation of distinct neuronal laminae in the vertebrate retina.  (+info)

Retinal input induces three firing patterns in neurons of the superficial superior colliculus of neonatal rats. (2/1271)

By using an in vitro isolated brain stem preparation, we recorded extracellular responses to electrical stimulation of the optic tract (OT) from 71 neurons in the superficial superior colliculus (SC) of neonatal rats (P1-13). At postnatal day 1 (P1), all tested neurons (n = 10) already received excitatory input from the retina. Sixty-nine (97%) superficial SC neurons of neonatal rats showed three response patterns to OT stimulation, which depended on stimulus intensity. A weak stimulus evoked only one spike that was caused by activation of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors. A moderate stimulus elicited a short train (<250 ms) of spikes, which was induced by activation of both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors. A strong stimulus gave rise to a long train (>300 ms) of spikes, which was associated with additional activation of L-type high-threshold calcium channels. The long train firing pattern could also be induced either by temporal summation of retinal inputs or by blocking gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptors. Because retinal ganglion cells show synchronous bursting activity before eye opening at P14, the retinotectal inputs appear to be sufficient to activate L-type calcium channels in the absence of pattern vision. Therefore activation of L-type calcium channels is likely to be an important source for calcium influx into SC neurons in neonatal rats.  (+info)

Local excitatory circuits in the intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus. (3/1271)

We have used photostimulation and whole cell patch-clamp recording techniques to examine local synaptic interactions in slices from the superior colliculus of the tree shrew. Uncaging glutamate 10-75 microm from the somata of neurons in the intermediate gray layer elicited a long-lasting inward current, due to direct activation of glutamate receptors on these neurons, and brief inward currents caused by activation of presynaptic neurons. The synaptic responses occurred as individual currents or as clusters that lasted up to several hundred milliseconds. Excitatory synaptic responses, which reversed at membrane potentials near 0 mV, could be evoked by uncaging glutamate anywhere within 75 microm of an intermediate layer neuron. Our results indicate the presence of extensive local excitatory circuits in the intermediate layer of the superior colliculus and support the hypothesis that such intrinsic circuitry contributes to the development of presaccadic command bursts.  (+info)

Role of primate superior colliculus in preparation and execution of anti-saccades and pro-saccades. (4/1271)

We investigated how the brain switches between the preparation of a movement where a stimulus is the target of the movement, and a movement where a stimulus serves as a landmark for an instructed movement elsewhere. Monkeys were trained on a pro-/anti-saccade paradigm in which they either had to generate a pro-saccade toward a visual stimulus or an anti-saccade away from the stimulus to its mirror position, depending on the color of an initial fixation point. Neural activity was recorded in the superior colliculus (SC), a structure that is known to be involved in the generation of fast saccades, to determine whether it was also involved in the generation of anti-saccades. On anti-saccade trials, fixation during the instruction period was associated with an increased activity of collicular fixation-related neurons and a decreased activity of saccade-related neurons. Stimulus-related and saccade-related activity was reduced on anti-saccade trials. Our results demonstrate that the anti-saccade task involves (and may require) the attenuation of preparatory and stimulus-related activity in the SC to avoid unwanted pro-saccades. Because the attenuated pre-saccade activity that we found in the SC may be insufficient by itself to elicit correct anti-saccades, additional movement signals from other brain areas are presumably required.  (+info)

Correlation of primate superior colliculus and reticular formation discharge with proximal limb muscle activity. (5/1271)

We studied the discharge of neurons from both the superior colliculus (SC) and the underlying mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) and its relation to the simultaneously recorded activity of 11 arm muscles. The 242 neurons tested with a center-out reach task yielded 2,586 pairs of neuron/muscle cross-correlations (normalized, such that perfect correlations are +/-1.0). Of these, 43% had peaks with magnitude as large as 0.15, a value that corresponds to the 5% level of significance, and 16% were as large as 0.25. The great majority of peaks in this latter group was positive. The median lag time within this group was 52 ms, indicating that the neuronal discharge tended to precede the correlated muscle activity. We found a small but significantly higher proportion of cells with these relatively strong correlations in the MRF than in the SC. For both areas, these occurred most frequently with muscles of the shoulder girdle and became less frequent for axial as well as for increasingly distal arm musculature. The results support a role for the SC and MRF in guiding the arm during reach movements via the control of proximal limb musculature.  (+info)

Spatial characteristics of visual-auditory summation in human saccades. (6/1271)

Bimodal (auditory + visual) stimuli reduce saccade latencies in human observers to a degree that exceeds levels predictable by probabilistic summation between parallel, independent unimodal pathways. These interactions have been interpreted in terms of converging visual and auditory afferents within the oculomotor pathways, specifically within the superior colliculus (SC). The present work describes the spatial tuning of auditory-visual summation in human saccades, using diagnostics derived from stochastic models of information processing. Consistent with expectations based on the electrophysiology of the SC, the magnitude of facilitation varied with the degree of spatial correspondence, and the spatial tuning was quite coarse.  (+info)

Patterns of synchronization in the superior colliculus of anesthetized cats. (7/1271)

Sensorimotor transformations in the mammalian superior colliculus (SC) are mediated by large sets of distributed neurons. For such distributed coding systems, stimulus superposition poses problems attributable to the merging of neural populations coding for different stimuli. Such superposition problems could be overcome by synchronization of neuronal discharges, because it allows the selection of a subset of distributed responses for further joint processing. To assess the putative role of such a temporal binding mechanism in the SC, we have applied correlation analysis to visually evoked collicular activity. We performed recordings of single-unit and multiunit activity in the SC of anesthetized and paralyzed cats with multiple electrodes. Autocorrelation analysis revealed that collicular neurons often discharged in broad (20-100 msec) bursts or with an oscillatory patterning in the alpha- and beta-frequency range. Significantly modulated cross-correlograms were observed in 50% (128 of 258) of the collicular multiunit recording pairs, and for these pairs significant correlations occurred in 44% of the stimulation epochs. For the single-unit pairs, significant interactions were observed in 14 of 48 cases studied (29%). Collicular cross-correlograms were often oscillatory, and these oscillations covered a broad frequency range of up to 100 Hz, with a predominance of oscillation frequencies in the alpha- and beta-range. In the majority of the significant correlograms (64%) the phase lag of the center peak was <5 msec. The probability of collicular synchronization increased with the overlap of the receptive fields and the proximity of the recording sites. Correlations were also observed between cells in the superficial and deep SC layers. Collicular synchronization required activation of the respective cells with a single coherent stimulus and broke down when the neurons were activated with two different stimuli. These data are consistent with the notion that collicular synchrony could define assemblies of functionally related cells.  (+info)

Modulation of EphA receptor function by coexpressed ephrinA ligands on retinal ganglion cell axons. (8/1271)

The Eph family is thought to exert its function through the complementary expression of receptors and ligands. Here, we show that EphA receptors colocalize on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons with EphA ligands, which are expressed in a high-nasal-to-low-temporal pattern. In the stripe assay, only temporal axons are normally sensitive for repellent axon guidance cues of the caudal tectum. However, overexpression of ephrinA ligands on temporal axons abolishes this sensitivity, whereas treatment with PI-PLC both removes ephrinA ligands from retinal axons and induces a striped outgrowth of formerly insensitive nasal axons. In vivo, retinal overexpression of ephrinA2 leads to topographic targeting errors of temporal axons. These data suggest that differential ligand expression on retinal axons is a major determinant of topographic targeting in the retinotectal projection.  (+info)

The superior colliculi are a pair of prominent eminences located on the dorsal surface of the midbrain, forming part of the tectum or roof of the midbrain. They play a crucial role in the integration and coordination of visual, auditory, and somatosensory information for the purpose of directing spatial attention and ocular movements. Essentially, they are involved in the reflexive orienting of the head and eyes towards novel or significant stimuli in the environment.

In a more detailed medical definition, the superior colliculi are two rounded, convex mounds of gray matter that are situated on the roof of the midbrain, specifically at the level of the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum. Each superior colliculus has a stratified laminated structure, consisting of several layers that process different types of sensory information and control specific motor outputs.

The superficial layers of the superior colliculi primarily receive and process visual input from the retina, lateral geniculate nucleus, and other visual areas in the brain. These layers are responsible for generating spatial maps of the visual field, which allow for the localization and identification of visual stimuli.

The intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculi receive and process auditory and somatosensory information from various sources, including the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate nucleus, and ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. These layers are involved in the localization and identification of auditory and tactile stimuli, as well as the coordination of head and eye movements towards these stimuli.

The superior colliculi also contain a population of neurons called "motor command neurons" that directly control the muscles responsible for orienting the eyes, head, and body towards novel or significant sensory events. These motor command neurons are activated in response to specific patterns of activity in the sensory layers of the superior colliculus, allowing for the rapid and automatic orientation of attention and gaze towards salient stimuli.

In summary, the superior colliculi are a pair of structures located on the dorsal surface of the midbrain that play a critical role in the integration and coordination of visual, auditory, and somatosensory information for the purpose of orienting attention and gaze towards salient stimuli. They contain sensory layers that generate spatial maps of the environment, as well as motor command neurons that directly control the muscles responsible for orienting the eyes, head, and body.

Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) are a type of neuron located in the innermost layer of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. These cells receive visual information from photoreceptors (rods and cones) via intermediate cells called bipolar cells. RGCs then send this visual information through their long axons to form the optic nerve, which transmits the signals to the brain for processing and interpretation as vision.

There are several types of RGCs, each with distinct morphological and functional characteristics. Some RGCs are specialized in detecting specific features of the visual scene, such as motion, contrast, color, or brightness. The diversity of RGCs allows for a rich and complex representation of the visual world in the brain.

Damage to RGCs can lead to various visual impairments, including loss of vision, reduced visual acuity, and altered visual fields. Conditions associated with RGC damage or degeneration include glaucoma, optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathy, and some inherited retinal diseases.

The inferior colliculi are a pair of rounded eminences located in the midbrain, specifically in the tectum of the mesencephalon. They play a crucial role in auditory processing and integration. The inferior colliculi receive inputs from various sources, including the cochlear nuclei, superior olivary complex, and cortical areas. They then send their outputs to the medial geniculate body, which is a part of the thalamus that relays auditory information to the auditory cortex.

In summary, the inferior colliculi are important structures in the auditory pathway that help process and integrate auditory information before it reaches the cerebral cortex for further analysis and perception.

The mesencephalon, also known as the midbrain, is the middle portion of the brainstem that connects the hindbrain (rhombencephalon) and the forebrain (prosencephalon). It plays a crucial role in several important functions including motor control, vision, hearing, and the regulation of consciousness and sleep-wake cycles. The mesencephalon contains several important structures such as the cerebral aqueduct, tectum, tegmentum, cerebral peduncles, and several cranial nerve nuclei (III and IV).

The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, responsible for receiving and processing sensory information, regulating vital functions, and controlling behavior, movement, and cognition. It is divided into several distinct regions, each with specific functions:

1. Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, learning, memory, language, and perception. It is divided into two hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body.
2. Cerebellum: Located at the back of the brain, it is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, maintaining balance, and fine-tuning motor skills.
3. Brainstem: Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord, controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also serves as a relay center for sensory information and motor commands between the brain and the rest of the body.
4. Diencephalon: A region that includes the thalamus (a major sensory relay station) and hypothalamus (regulates hormones, temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep).
5. Limbic system: A group of structures involved in emotional processing, memory formation, and motivation, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus.

The brain is composed of billions of interconnected neurons that communicate through electrical and chemical signals. It is protected by the skull and surrounded by three layers of membranes called meninges, as well as cerebrospinal fluid that provides cushioning and nutrients.

Neurons, also known as nerve cells or neurocytes, are specialized cells that constitute the basic unit of the nervous system. They are responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information and signals within the body. Neurons have three main parts: the dendrites, the cell body (soma), and the axon. The dendrites receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors, while the axon transmits these signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands. The junction between two neurons is called a synapse, where neurotransmitters are released to transmit the signal across the gap (synaptic cleft) to the next neuron. Neurons vary in size, shape, and structure depending on their function and location within the nervous system.

The brachium of superior colliculus (or superior brachium) is a branch that extends laterally from the superior colliculus, and ... The two inferior colliculi are situated immediately inferior/caudal to the superior colliculi; the inferior and superior ... Superior colliculus visible near center.) Superior colliculus Brainstem. Posterior view. Squire, L (2013). Fundamental ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to superior colliculus. Stained brain slice images which include the "superior colliculus" ...
The commissure of superior colliculus, also called the commissure of superior colliculi is a thin white matter structure ... "commissure of the superior colliculi". BrainInfo. University of Washington. Retrieved 9 October 2017. v t e (Orphaned articles ... Superior colliculus, Corpora quadrigemina, Tectum, Midbrain, All stub articles, Neuroanatomy stubs). ... consisting of myelinated axons of neurons and joining together the paired superior colliculi. It is evolutionarily one of the ...
The superior colliculus is also a center for multisensory auditory and visual integration. Recent studies have shown that the ... The superior colliculus's role in directing eye movements is especially well-studied: multiple lines of evidence show that ... Superior colliculus activity was measured to be greater in these multisensory events than in single modality events Further ... Recent evidence has argued that superior colliculus function is not limited to basic motor and low-level visual control, but ...
This pathway involves the superior colliculus, pulvinar, and amygdala. This route is fast and operates on low spatial frequency ... Like the posterior right side of superior temporal sulcus, this suggests that context could be a factor in this activation. ... When directing gaze specifically towards the eye area, the anterior, right side of the superior temporal sulcus is activated, ... The activation in the amygdala, like the posterior right side of superior temporal sulcus, is not hugely consistent either. ...
Transverse section of mid-brain at level of inferior colliculi. Transverse section of mid-brain at level of superior colliculi ...
Transverse section of mid-brain at level of superior colliculi. Coronal section of brain immediately in front of pons. Human ... as the tract terminates in the superior thoracic region of the spinal cord). Fine control of the fingers is not modified by the ...
Transverse section of mid-brain at level of inferior colliculi. Transverse section of mid-brain at level of superior colliculi ...
Others send axons to the superior colliculus. Two others comprise the output to the thalamus, forming two separate channels: ...
Activity of superior colliculus in behaving monkey. I. Visual receptive fields of single neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology. ... Superior colliculus cell responses related to eye movements in awake monkeys. Science. 171: 82-4. PMID 4992313 1972: Goldberg ... Brain areas including the superior colliculus are important for visual processing. The pre-striate area of the visual cortex, ...
... sends inhibitory projections to the superior colliculus, inhibiting eye movement, and this inhibition is ' ... Relation of substantia nigra to superior colliculus". Journal of Neurophysiology. 49 (5): 1285-301. doi:10.1152/jn.1983.49. ... The particularity of the pars lateralis is to send its axons to the superior colliculus, which is a too minimized output of the ...
The superior colliculus (SC) or optic tectum (OT) is part of the tectum, located in the midbrain, superior to the brainstem and ... Stein, BE; Labos, E; Kruger, L (Jul 1973). "Sequence of changes in properties of neurons of superior colliculus of the kitten ... Through detailed long-term study of the neurophysiology of the superior colliculus, they distilled three general principles by ... Nov 1989). "Auditory cortical projection from the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (Field AES) to the superior colliculus in the cat ...
An inferior colliculus lies caudal/inferior to the ipsilateral superior colliculus, rostral/superior to the superior cerebellar ... The inferior colliculi are part of the tectum of the midbrain, and together with the superior colliculi form the corpora ... The inferior colliculi of the midbrain are located just below the visual processing centers known as the superior colliculi. ... the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (or inferior brachium) and deep layers of the superior colliculus. The ...
It normally lies in a depression between the two superior colliculi. It is situated between the laterally positioned thalamic ... A pineal tumor can compress the superior colliculi and pretectal area of the dorsal midbrain, producing Parinaud's syndrome. ... The paraventricular nucleus in turn projects to the superior cervical ganglia, which finally projects to the pineal gland. ... The pineal gland receives sympathetic afferents from the superior cervical ganglion, and parasympathetic afferents from the ...
The superior colliculus is part of the midbrain. The pallium is a layer of grey matter that lies on the surface of the ... The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in ... In mammals, it is usually referred to as the superior colliculus, and its best-studied function is to direct eye movements. It ...
Multimodal neurons are found in the superior colliculus; they respond to the versatility of various sensory inputs. The ...
The LGN also receives some inputs from the optic tectum (known as the superior colliculus in mammals). These non-retinal inputs ... As much as 95% of input in the LGN comes from the visual cortex, superior colliculus, pretectum, thalamic reticular nuclei, and ... Other connections that have been found to be reciprocal include the superior colliculus, pretectum, and hypothalamus, as well ... The other major retino-cortical visual pathway is the tectopulvinar pathway, routing primarily through the superior colliculus ...
The zona incerta projects to the superior colliculus and these link to the initiation of orientating eye and head movements. In ... This is possibly so with the superior colliculus. Zona incerta controls such activities as water and food intake, sexuality and ... superior colliculus, and brainstem". Brain Research. 577 (1): 134-141. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90546-L. PMID 1521138. S2CID ... and the deep layers of the superior colliculus. It is regulated by inputs from brainstem cholinergic nuclei such as the ...
Inferior colliculus (IC) aids in sound orienting to pain stimuli. Superior colliculus receives IC's input, integrates visual ... May, Paul J. (2006). "The mammalian superior colliculus: Laminar structure and connections". Neuroanatomy of the Oculomotor ... Oliver, Douglas L. (2005). "Neuronal Organization in the Inferior Colliculus". The Inferior Colliculus. pp. 69-114. doi:10.1007 ... "Neck Muscle Responses to Stimulation of Monkey Superior Colliculus. I. Topography and Manipulation of Stimulation Parameters". ...
It is found between the spinal cord (caudally) and the pretectum (cranially). It connects with the superior colliculus, the ... Descending fibers arise from the superior colliculus in the rostral midbrain (for visual reflexes), the accessory oculomotor ... including the superior colliculus, the vestibular nuclei, and the cerebellum. It contains the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, ...
Schiller, P. H.; Stryker, M. (1972). "Single-unit recording and stimulation in superior colliculus of the alert rhesus monkey ... Schiller, P. H. (1972). "The role of the monkey superior colliculus in eye movement and vision". Investigative Ophthalmology. ... first working with Peter Schiller on the coding of eye movement and vision in the mammalian superior colliculus. He and ... and molecular signaling mechanisms responsible for the formation of azimuth maps in visual cortex and superior colliculus and ...
Less studied regions include the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and superior colliculus. The DAN is most prominently ... Other regions of the network may include the middle temporal region (MT+), superior parietal lobule (SPL), supplementary eye ...
The superior part of corpora quadrigemina are called superior colliculi, and inferior part as inferior colliculi. Schematic ... In the brain, the corpora quadrigemina (Latin for "quadruplet bodies") are the four colliculi-two inferior, two superior- ... They are respectively named the inferior and superior colliculus. The corpora quadrigemina are reflex centers involving vision ...
The thalamus and superior colliculus are connected via the lateral geniculate nucleus. The superior colliculus (SC) is the ... The vestibulocerebellum regulates eye movements by the integration of visual info provided by the superior colliculus and ... May, Paul J. "The Mammalian Superior Colliculus: Laminar Structure and Connections." Science Direct. 2006. Corneil, Brian D., ... "Neck Muscle Responses to Stimulation of Monkey Superior Colliculus. I. Topography and Manipulation of Stimulation Parameters." ...
the discovery that remembered visual stimuli are continuously updated across the superior colliculus during smooth pursuit eye ... Klier, Eliana M.; Wang, Hongying; Crawford, J. Douglas (2001). "The superior colliculus encodes gaze goals in retinal ... the use of stimulation-evoked eye-head movements to show that the superior colliculus encodes gaze goals in retinal coordinates ... "Continuous Updating of Visuospatial Memory in Superior Colliculus during Slow Eye Movements". Current Biology. 25 (3): 267-274 ...
It receives in addition axons from the superior colliculus. Its sends axons to the associative striatum. The pars media ...
In the midbrain, β-gal was observed in the subthalamic nucleus, the superior and inferior colliculi and in the red nucleus. β- ... PTPkappa protein is observed in neural progenitor cells and radial glial cells of the developing mouse superior colliculus, as ... "Protein tyrosine phosphatases expression during development of mouse superior colliculus". Exp Brain Res. 199 (3-4): 279-97. ...
The pars compacta is the most lateral part of the substantia nigra and sends axons to the superior colliculus. The neurons have ... One target is the superior colliculus, from the pars reticulata. The two other major output subsystems are to the thalamus and ... superior colliculus and pedunculopontine nucleus in monkey. Neuroscience. 7 Beckstead, R.M.; Edwards, S.B.; Frankfurter, A. ( ...
These saliency values are sent to the superior colliculus, a midbrain area, to execute gaze shifts to the receptive field of ... Schiller, Peter H. (1988), Held, Richard (ed.), "Colliculus, Superior", Sensory System I: Vision and Visual Systems, Readings ... "Superior colliculus encodes visual saliency before the primary visual cortex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ...
There are also very sparse innervations from the superior colliculus. Lesions in the paramedian reticular nucleus have been ...
The superior colliculus and prefrontal cortex also have a major role in awareness of a visual stimulus. Mosby's Dictionary of ... However, more recent evidence point to a pathway from S-cones to the superior colliculus, opposing previous research and ... Marrocco RT, Li RH (July 1977). "Monkey superior colliculus: properties of single cells and their afferent inputs". Journal of ... Hall NJ, Colby CL (2009). "Response to blue visual stimuli in the macaque superior colliculus". Society for Neuroscience. 19: ...
The brachium of superior colliculus (or superior brachium) is a branch that extends laterally from the superior colliculus, and ... The two inferior colliculi are situated immediately inferior/caudal to the superior colliculi; the inferior and superior ... Superior colliculus visible near center.) Superior colliculus Brainstem. Posterior view. Squire, L (2013). Fundamental ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to superior colliculus. Stained brain slice images which include the "superior colliculus" ...
... Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2013 Sep 9;368(1628): ... However, recent results from combined PFC deactivation and neural recordings of the superior colliculus in monkeys demonstrate ...
Unilateral inactivation of the superior colliculus in monkeys reveals that a brainstem structure plays a causal role in how ... inactivation of a brainstem area-the superior colliculus (SC)-involved in preparing eye movements. We found that unilateral SC ... Basso, M. A. & May, P. J. Circuits for action and cognition: a view from the superior colliculus. Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci. 3, 197- ... Jun, E.J., Bautista, A.R., Nunez, M.D. et al. Causal role for the primate superior colliculus in the computation of evidence ...
Neural Substrate of Spatial Memory in the Superior Colliculus after Damage to the Primary Visual Cortex. Kana Takaura, ... Neural Substrate of Spatial Memory in the Superior Colliculus after Damage to the Primary Visual Cortex ... Neural Substrate of Spatial Memory in the Superior Colliculus after Damage to the Primary Visual Cortex ... Neural Substrate of Spatial Memory in the Superior Colliculus after Damage to the Primary Visual Cortex ...
The superficial superior colliculus (sSC) occupies a critical node in the mammalian visual system; it is one of two major ... Distinct Representation and Distribution of Visual Information by Specific Cell Types in Mouse Superficial Superior Colliculus ... Distinct Representation and Distribution of Visual Information by Specific Cell Types in Mouse Superficial Superior Colliculus ... Distinct Representation and Distribution of Visual Information by Specific Cell Types in Mouse Superficial Superior Colliculus ...
Comparison of superior colliculis metabolism should be made between patients with PSP and patients with Parkinson disease and ... Hypometabolism of the superior colliculi, which has not yet been described to our knowledge, is consistent with the first ... 18F]-Fdg Pet Identified Superior Colliculi Hypometabolism in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Alice Jaillard1*, Grégory Petyt1, ... Progressive supranuclear palsy; 18F-FDG PET; Superior colliculi. Introduction. Clinical use of 18F-FDG PET is well established ...
Farbodkia, S., Shen, K., Day, G.S. et al. How noise correlation impact population code in superior colliculus: an information ... How noise correlation impact population code in superior colliculus: an information theoretic approach. *Saba Farbodkia1, ... We previously showed that superior colliculus (SC) visuomovement neurons recorded while monkeys perform visual search tasks ... How noise correlation impact population code in superior colliculus: an information theoretic approach ...
and immediately superior to the inferior colliculus. Inferior colliculus. The inferior colliculus is the principal midbrain ... The colliculus as a whole is thought to help orient the head and eyes toward something seen and heard.. The superior colliculus ... and inferior colliculus. Inferior colliculus. The inferior colliculus is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway ... inferior colliculus. Inferior colliculus. The inferior colliculus is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and ...
Superior colliculus type III ganglion cell (Definition) Electrophysiological properties of Superior colliculus type III ... More information about Superior colliculus type III ganglion cells in other resources:. *View information about Superior ... Expert curators for Superior colliculus type III ganglion cells:. No assigned expert curators:. Become a neuron curator (login ... View genes differentially expressed in brain regions containing Superior colliculus type III ganglion cells from the Allen ...
An Oscillating Neural Network Model of the Competitive Integration of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Signals in Superior Colliculus ... An Oscillating Neural Network Model of the Competitive Integration of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Signals in Superior Colliculus ... of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Signals in Superior Colliculus. Master Thesis, Freie Universität, Berlin. ...
Drager, U.C.; Hubel, D.H. Topography of visual and somatosensory projections to mouse superior colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. ... Triplett, J.W.; Phan, A.; Yamada, J.; Feldheim, D.A. Alignment of Multimodal Sensory Input in the Superior Colliculus through a ... Rhoades, R.W. Effects of neonatal enucleation on the functional organization of the superior colliculus in the golden hamster. ... The endpoints of the projections are represented by a circle (dLGN-dorsolateral geniculate nucleus; SC-superior colliculus; V1- ...
... superior colliculus - blank). Create professional science figures in minutes with BioRender scientific illustration software. ... Icon Library > Human Anatomy > Head and Neuroanatomy > Brainstem cross-section - midbrain (superior colliculus - blank) ... icons.biorender.com/w550xh620/5bd22017bac3361200c08fa3/brainstem-cross-section-midbrain-superior-colliculus-blank.png"},{"image ... icons.biorender.com/w550xh620/5bd22017bac3361200c08fa2/brainstem-cross-section-midbrain-superior-colliculus-blank.png"},{"image ...
Spectral localization cues provided by the outer ear are utilized in the construction of the auditory space map in the superior ... colliculus (SC). The role of the outer ear in the development of this map was examined by recording from the SC of anesthetized ... Altered spectral localization cues disrupt the development of the auditory space map in the superior colliculus of the ferret. ... Altered spectral localization cues disrupt the development of the auditory space map in the superior colliculus of the ferret. ...
... Reinhard, Katja;Li, Chen;Do, Quan;Burke, ... The superior colliculus mediates a set of innate behaviors, receiving input from >30 retinal ganglion cell types and ... The superior colliculus mediates a set of innate behaviors, receiving input from ,30 retinal ganglion cell types and projecting ... A projection specific logic to sampling visual inputs in mouse superior colliculus / Reinhard, Katja; Li, Chen; Do, Quan; Burke ...
Microvascular imaging of the unstained human superior colliculus using synchrotron-radiation phase-contrast microtomography *Ju ... while the 250 µm ToF data covers 78 mm of the brain in head-foot direction missing superior parts of the frontal and parietal ...
... superior colliculus; G4, hypothalamus; G5, thalamus; G6, hippocampus; G7, septum; G8, retrosplenial and adjacent motor cortex; ...
The superior colliculus (SC) plays a major role in orienting movements of eyes and the head and in the allocation of attention ... Activity in the human superior colliculus associated with reaching for tactile targets. ... Activity in the human superior colliculus associated with reaching for tactile targets. ...
Descending cortical inputs to the superior colliculus (SC) contribute to the unisensory response properties of the neurons ... The non-lemniscal auditory cortex in ferrets: convergence of corticotectal inputs in the superior colliculus. ... Descending cortical inputs to the superior colliculus (SC) contribute to the unisensory response properties of the neurons ... The non-lemniscal auditory cortex in ferrets: convergence of corticotectal inputs in the superior colliculus. ...
The Superior Colliculus. Its Not Ridiculous. - by Bill Chandler. Submitted on Oct 23, 2009 from Bill White ...
The organization of the lateral posterior nucleus of the golden hamster after neonatal superior colliculus lesions. Journal of ... The organization of the lateral posterior nucleus of the golden hamster after neonatal superior colliculus lesions. / Crain, ... Normally the projections from the contralateral superior colliculus and retina are sparse and restricted to small areas in the ... Normally the projections from the contralateral superior colliculus and retina are sparse and restricted to small areas in the ...
We evaluated this hypothesis by measuring the onset of neural activity in the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus ... Stimulus intensity modifies saccadic reaction time and visual response latency in the superior colliculus. ... We evaluated this hypothesis by measuring the onset of neural activity in the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus ... Stimulus intensity modifies saccadic reaction time and visual response latency in the superior colliculus. ...
High-Frequency Hearing Is Required to Compute a Topographic Map of Auditory Space in the Mouse Superior Colliculus. Yufei Si, ... High-Frequency Hearing Is Required to Compute a Topographic Map of Auditory Space in the Mouse Superior Colliculus ... High-Frequency Hearing Is Required to Compute a Topographic Map of Auditory Space in the Mouse Superior Colliculus ... High-Frequency Hearing Is Required to Compute a Topographic Map of Auditory Space in the Mouse Superior Colliculus ...
The current study examined the histological and biochemical changes in the Superior Colliculus (SC) and Lateral Geniculate ... Histological and Biochemical Alterations in the Superior Colliculus and Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of Juvenile Rats Following ... the superior colliculi and lateral geniculate nuclei were excised. Tissue sections were prepared for histological studies using ...
Implications for Forward Masking in the Inferior Colliculus. - Texas A&M University (TAMU) Scholar profile, educations, ... Modeling Responses in the Superior Paraolivary Nucleus: Implications for Forward Masking in the Inferior Colliculus. Academic ... A phenomenological model of the responses of neurons in the superior paraolivary nucleus (SPON) of the rodent is presented in ... Modeling Responses in the Superior Paraolivary Nucleus: ...
Presynaptic group I metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate synaptic transmission in the rat superior colliculus via 4-AP ... Presynaptic group I metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate synaptic transmission in the rat superior colliculus via 4-AP ... Presynaptic group I metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate synaptic transmission in the rat superior colliculus via 4-AP ... Presynaptic group I metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate synaptic transmission in the rat superior colliculus via 4-AP ...
TS22: superior colliculus. Weak. Ubiquitous. Embryo_N207_2_3C TS22: inferior colliculus. Weak. Ubiquitous. Embryo_N207_2_3C ...
Neurons in the mouse superior colliculus comprise about 20 types based on their responses to visual stimuli, and neurons of the ... Functional cell types in the mouse superior colliculus Ya-tang Li, Markus Meister ...
... superior colliculus, motor-related; PAG, periaqueductal gray; PRT, pretectal nucleus; CUN, cuneiform nucleus; RN, red nucleus; ...
Optogenetic stimulation of the superior colliculus suppresses genetic absence seizures. May 16, 2023 ...
... pedunculus cerebellaris superior; Pi, pineal body; III, rootlet of the oculomotor nerve; Col.s, colliculus superior; Gr. cn.me, ... and fibers of the superior cerebellar peduncle) pass through the red nucleus (3, 4), it has been proposed that these myelinated ... with an occasional single neuron scattered among the fibers of the superior cerebellar peduncle (1). On the other hand, the ...

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