... they are frequently considered together as the dentin-pulp complex. The teeth and gums exhibit normal sensations in health. ... Cracked tooth syndrome refers to a highly variable set of pain-sensitivity symptoms that may accompany a tooth fracture, ... Although toothache is an ancient problem, it is thought that ancient people suffered less dental decay due to a lack of refined ... The pulp of the tooth remains normal and healthy in dentin hypersensitivity. Many topical treatments for dentin ...

... dentin. If the odontoblasts are killed, the dentin produced is called "reparative" dentin. In the case of reparative dentin, ... dental caries may progress for a long period of time without any sensitivity of the tooth, allowing for greater loss of tooth ... Bacteria collect around the teeth and gums in a sticky, creamy-coloured mass called plaque, which serves as a biofilm. Some ... Over a million years ago, hominins such as Australopithecus suffered from cavities. The largest increases in the prevalence of ...

Progression of the carious lesion is also more rapid in teeth with MIH as patients may experience tooth sensitivity while ... It will be useful for the children who are suspected to suffer from MIH to visit their dentist more frequently during the ... Sapir, Shabtai; Shapira, Joseph (July 2007). "Clinical solutions for developmental defects of enamel and dentin in children". ... "Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by sugar-free chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium ...

The endodontist makes an opening through the enamel and dentin tissues of the tooth, usually using a dental drill fitted with a ... "sensitivity" in the area.[53] Other studies have found that endodontic therapy patients report the maximum pain the day ... Corticosteroid intra-oral injections were found to alleviate pain in the first 24 hours in patients suffering from symptomatic ... Tooth discoloration[edit]. Tooth discoloration is common following root canal treatment; however, the exact causes for this are ...

Periodontium (gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolus) - Gums and tooth-supporting structures. *Cementicle ... Antigenic sensitivity[edit]. Various antigenic triggers have been implicated as a trigger, including L forms of streptococci, ... Although these studies found that 0-42% of those with recurrent ulcers suffer from vitamin B12 deficiency, an association with ... Failure of eruption of teeth. *Dens evaginatus *Talon cusp. *Dentin dysplasia. *Dentin hypersensitivity ...

Periodontium (gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolus) - Gums and tooth-supporting structures. *Cementicle ... "central sensitivity syndrome", in reference to evidence that TMD might be caused by a centrally mediated sensitivity to pain.[ ... that many of the studies investigating acupuncture and TMD suffer from significant risk of bias,[83] and that the long term ... They can be designed to fit onto the upper teeth or the lower teeth. They may cover all the teeth in one arch (full coverage ...

At-home treatments include desensitizing toothpastes or dentifrices, potassium salts, mouthwashes and chewing gums. A variety of toothpastes are marketed for dentin hypersensitivity, including compounds such as strontium chloride, strontium acetate, arginine, calcium carbonate, hydroxyapatite and calcium sodium phosphosilicate.[1] Desensitizing chewing gums[19] and mouthwashes are also marketed.[5] Potassium-containing toothpastes are common; however, the mechanism by which they may reduce hypersensitivity is unclear. Animal research has demonstrated that potassium ions placed in deep dentin cavities cause nerve depolarization and prevent re-polarization. It is not known if this effect would occur with the twice-daily, transient and small increase in potassium ions in saliva that brushing with ...

... toothpastes work in different ways depending on the product's active ingredient - potassium nitrate, strontium acetate/chloride. Potassium nitrate: The potassium ion hyperpolarizes[3] the nerve and stops it from firing. The nerve impulses are thus desensitized and there is no pain. Strontium acetate and chloride: These compounds share a similar chemical structure to calcium. Strontium based toothpastes (acetate and chloride) are therefore able to replace some of the lost calcium and block the exposed tubules in the dentinal tissue. This helps prevent the movement of the fluid within the tubules in response to a sensitivity stimulus that could otherwise cause tooth pain.[4]. Some Sensodyne products contain calcium sodium phosphosilicate CSPS (Novamin), which appears to help with tooth sensitivity.[5][6] A randomized ...

... (/ˈdɛntɪn/) (American English) or dentine (/ˈdɛnˌtiːn/ or /ˌdɛnˈtiːn/) (British English) (Latin: substantia eburnea) is a calcified tissue of the body and, along with enamel, cementum, and pulp, is one of the four major components of teeth. It is usually covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root and surrounds the entire pulp. By weight, 45% of dentin consists of the mineral hydroxylapatite, 33% is organic material, and 22% is water. Yellow in appearance, it greatly affects the color of a tooth due to the translucency of enamel. Dentin, which is less mineralized and less brittle than enamel, is necessary for the support of enamel. Dentin rates approximately 3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Dentinal sclerosis/transparent dentin-sclerosis of primary dentin is regressive alteration in tooth ...

... [1] je američki igrani film snimljen 1991. u režiji Spikeja Leeja. Za temu ima u tadašnjim SAD još uvijek kontroverzne odnose osoba različitih rasa, a protagonist, čiji lik tumači Wesley Snipes, je crni poslovni čovjek koji započinje ljubavnu vezu sa svojom italoameričkom sekretaricom. Poznat je kao glumački debi tadašnje rap zvijezde Queen Latifah. U Srbiji je prikazivan pod naslovom Ljubavna groznica. ...

पाठ क्रिएटिभ कमन्स एट्रिब्युसन/सेयर-अलाइक लाइसेन्सअन्तर्गत उपलब्ध छ; अतिरिक्त सर्तहरू लागू हुन सक्छन्। अधिक जानकारीको लागि उपयोगका सर्तहरू हेर्नुहोला ...

At-home treatments include desensitizing toothpastes or dentifrices, potassium salts, mouthwashes and chewing gums. A variety of toothpastes are marketed for dentin hypersensitivity, including compounds such as strontium chloride, strontium acetate, arginine, calcium carbonate, hydroxyapatite and calcium sodium phosphosilicate.[1] Desensitizing chewing gums[19] and mouthwashes are also marketed.[5] Potassium-containing toothpastes are common; however, the mechanism by which they may reduce hypersensitivity is unclear. Animal research has demonstrated that potassium ions placed in deep dentin cavities cause nerve depolarization and prevent re-polarization. It is not known if this effect would occur with the twice-daily, transient and small increase in potassium ions in saliva that brushing with ...

... (/ˈdɛntɪn/) (American English) or dentine (/ˈdɛnˌtiːn/ or /ˌdɛnˈtiːn/) (British English) (Latin: substantia eburnea) is a calcified tissue of the body and, along with enamel, cementum, and pulp, is one of the four major components of teeth. It is usually covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root and surrounds the entire pulp. By weight, 45% of dentin consists of the mineral hydroxylapatite, 33% is organic material, and 22% is water. Yellow in appearance, it greatly affects the color of a tooth due to the translucency of enamel. Dentin, which is less mineralized and less brittle than enamel, is necessary for the support of enamel. Dentin rates approximately 3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Dentinal sclerosis/transparent dentin-sclerosis of primary dentin is regressive alteration in tooth ...

Members of Cricetidae are known for variety in their diets, for Phyllotis xanthopygus this range includes herbivory, insectivory, granivory, and frugivory. This variation enables them to be opportunistic feeder:[5] an advantageous trait as it permits quick and unselective foraging in open and vulnerable areas.[3]. Their teeth are specialized to accommodate for the diversity in their diet as they have enlarged incisors which are separated from the cheekteeth by a diastema. The teeth are characterized as aradicular, being that they grow continuously throughout an organism's' lifetime. This results in the incisors resembling a chisel due to rapid wear on the soft dentin at the back of the tooth from rubbing against one another. One study that was done with these rodents tested how their behaviors changed based on the amount of light that was allowed in their habitat.[8] The researchers found that the habitats with the least amount of light had the most foraging ...

... is one of the four major tissues that make up the tooth in humans and many other animals, including some species of fish. It makes up the normally visible part of the tooth, covering the crown. The other major tissues are dentin, cementum, and dental pulp. It is a very hard, white to off-white, highly mineralised substance that acts as a barrier to protect the tooth but can become susceptible to degradation, especially by acids from food and drink. Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and contains the highest percentage of minerals, 96%, with water and organic material composing the rest. The primary mineral is hydroxyapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Enamel is formed on the tooth while the tooth is developing within the gum, before it erupts into the mouth. Once fully formed, it does not ...

Labyrinthodont is a term which was used for fossil amphibia. Although it is no longer a formal term in taxonomy, it is still useful as an evolutionary grade, a kind of catch-all term. Labyrinth mean a maze and dont means tooth.. Labyrinthodonts are often called Temnospondyls.[1] The Labyrinthodontia is not a clade, because it is not monophyletic. It has been replaced in the classification by more correct terms.. The labyrithodonts were some of the dominant animals from the Devonian to the Lower Triassic (about 390 to 210 million years ago). The group is an evolutionary grade (a polyphyletic or paraphyletic group) of species which look rather similar.. The name describes the pattern of infolding of the dentine and enamel of the teeth, which often fossilise. They are also have a heavily armoured skull roof (so they also have an even older name "Stegocephalia"), and complex vertebrae.. ...

Before the treatment, the clinician should examine the patient: taking a health and dental history (including allergies and sensitivities), observe hard and soft tissues, placement and conditions of restorations, and sometimes x-rays to determine the nature and depth of possible irregularities. If this is not completed prior to the whitening agents being applied to the tooth surface, excessive sensitivity and other complications may occur. The whitening shade guides are used to measure tooth colour. These shades determine the effectiveness of the whitening procedure, which may vary from two to seven shades.[33] These shades may be reached after a single in office appointment, or may take longer, depending on the individual. The effects of bleaching can last for several months, but may vary depending on the lifestyle of the patient. Consuming tooth staining foods or drinks that have a strong ...

Before the treatment, the Oral health professional should examine the patient: taking a health and dental history (including allergies and sensitivities), observe hard and soft tissues, placement and conditions of restorations, and sometimes x-rays to determine the nature and depth of possible irregularities. If this is not completed prior to the whitening agents being applied to the tooth surface, excessive sensitivity and consequences may occur. The whitening shade guides are used to measure tooth colour. These shades determine the effectiveness of the whitening procedure, which may vary from two to seven shades.[34] These shades may be reached after a single in office appointment, or may take longer depending on the individual. The effects of bleaching can last for several months, but may vary depending on the lifestyle of the patient. Consuming tooth staining foods or drinks that have a ...

import numpy as np def zca_whitening_matrix(X): ''' Function to compute ZCA whitening matrix (aka Mahalanobis whitening). INPUT: X: [M x N] matrix. Rows: Variables Columns: Observations OUTPUT: ZCAMatrix: [M x M] matrix ''' # Covariance matrix [column-wise variables]: Sigma = (X-mu)' * (X-mu) / N sigma = np.cov(X, rowvar=True) # [M x M] # Singular Value Decomposition. X = U * np.diag(S) * V U,S,V = np.linalg.svd(sigma) # U: [M x M] eigenvectors of sigma. # S: [M x 1] eigenvalues of sigma. # V: [M x M] transpose of U # Whitening constant: prevents division by zero epsilon = 1e-5 # ZCA Whitening matrix: U * Lambda * U' ZCAMatrix = np.dot(U, np.dot(np.diag(1.0/np.sqrt(S + epsilon)), U.T)) # [M x M] return ZCAMatrix ...