Substrate Specificity
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Amino Acid Sequence
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binding Sites
Models, Molecular
Catalysis
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Catalytic Domain
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Base Sequence
Crystallography, X-Ray
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Cloning, Molecular
Protein Binding
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Structure-Activity Relationship
Mutation
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Antibody Specificity
Isoenzymes
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Molecular Structure
Amino Acids
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Enzyme Stability
Phosphorylation
Amino Acid Substitution
The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.
Stereoisomerism
Temperature
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
DNA Primers
Endopeptidases
Serine Endopeptidases
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Alcohol Oxidoreductases
A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).
Protein Structure, Secondary
Carbohydrate Sequence
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Cattle
Protein Engineering
Procedures by which protein structure and function are changed or created in vitro by altering existing or synthesizing new structural genes that direct the synthesis of proteins with sought-after properties. Such procedures may include the design of MOLECULAR MODELS of proteins using COMPUTER GRAPHICS or other molecular modeling techniques; site-specific mutagenesis (MUTAGENESIS, SITE-SPECIFIC) of existing genes; and DIRECTED MOLECULAR EVOLUTION techniques to create new genes.
Enzyme Activation
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Models, Chemical
Acyltransferases
Chromatography, Gel
Amino Acid Motifs
DNA, Complementary
Peptide Library
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Oligosaccharides
Liver
Biological Transport
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Hydrolases
Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g., ESTERASES, glycosidases (GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES), lipases, NUCLEOTIDASES, peptidases (PEPTIDE HYDROLASES), and phosphatases (PHOSPHORIC MONOESTER HYDROLASES). EC 3.
Carrier Proteins
Adenosine Triphosphate
Plasmids
Acyl Coenzyme A
Biocatalysis
Membrane Transport Proteins
Peptide Hydrolases
Protein Kinases
Conserved Sequence
Aminopeptidases
beta-Glucosidase
Pseudomonas
Mixed Function Oxygenases
Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.
Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases
Mutagenesis
Peptide Fragments
Enzyme Inhibitors
Dioxygenases
Cations, Divalent
Cysteine Endopeptidases
Membrane Proteins
Protease Inhibitors
Rabbits
Binding, Competitive
Models, Biological
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Alanine
Mass Spectrometry
Streptomyces
Peptide Synthases
Organ Specificity
Chromatography
Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.
Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
Cell Membrane
Metals
Chromatography, Ion Exchange
Dimerization
NAD
A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Sulfotransferases
Transfection
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Chromatography, Affinity
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Bacillus
Pichia
Structural Homology, Protein
Aspartic Acid
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.
Serine
Adenosine Triphosphatases
Coumarins
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Oxygenases
HeLa Cells
Cells, Cultured
Glutathione Transferase
Multigene Family
A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Pseudomonas putida
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Enzyme Assays
Methods used to measure the relative activity of a specific enzyme or its concentration in solution. Typically an enzyme substrate is added to a buffer solution containing enzyme and the rate of conversion of substrate to product is measured under controlled conditions. Many classical enzymatic assay methods involve the use of synthetic colorimetric substrates and measuring the reaction rates using a spectrophotometer.
N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases
Manganese
A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
Methyltransferases
Carboxypeptidases
Protein Structure, Quaternary
Hydroxylation
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Ligands
A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Glycosylation
Tyrosine
COS Cells
CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)
Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose
Crystallization
Directed Molecular Evolution
The techniques used to produce molecules exhibiting properties that conform to the demands of the experimenter. These techniques combine methods of generating structural changes with methods of selection. They are also used to examine proposed mechanisms of evolution under in vitro selection conditions.
Acetyltransferases
NADP
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Cytosol
Nucleic Acid Conformation
Plant Proteins
Transaminases
Isoelectric Point
Glycine
Thermodynamics
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
alpha-Mannosidase
An enzyme that catalyzes the HYDROLYSIS of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides. The enzyme plays a role in the processing of newly formed N-glycans and in degradation of mature GLYCOPROTEINS. There are multiple isoforms of alpha-mannosidase, each having its own specific cellular location and pH optimum. Defects in the lysosomal form of the enzyme results in a buildup of mannoside intermediate metabolites and the disease ALPHA-MANNOSIDOSIS.
Hydrogen Bonding
Trypsin
Alcohols
N-Glycosyl Hydrolases
Gene Expression
Evolution, Molecular
Lipase
Microsomes, Liver
Phenylalanine
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Blotting, Western
Enzymes
Spectrophotometry
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Plants
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
Penicillin Amidase
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Threonine
Macromolecular Substances
Methylation
Prodigious substrate specificity of AAC(6')-APH(2"), an aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance determinant in enterococci and staphylococci. (1/34326)
BACKGROUND: High-level gentamicin resistance in enterococci and staphylococci is conferred by AAC(6')-APH(2"), an enzyme with 6'-N-acetyltransferase and 2"-O-phosphotransferase activities. The presence of this enzyme in pathogenic gram-positive bacteria prevents the successful use of gentamicin C and most other aminoglycosides as therapeutic agents. RESULTS: In an effort to understand the mechanism of aminoglycoside modification, we expressed AAC(6')-APH(2") in Bacillus subtilis. The purified enzyme is monomeric with a molecular mass of 57 kDa and displays both the expected aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase and O-phosphotransferase activities. Structure-function analysis with various aminoglycosides substrates reveals an enzyme with broad specificity in both enzymatic activities, accounting for AAC(6')-APH(2")'s dramatic negative impact on clinical aminoglycoside therapy. Both lividomycin A and paromomycin, aminoglycosides lacking a 6'-amino group, were acetylated by AAC(6')-APH(2"). The infrared spectrum of the product of paromomycin acetylation yielded a signal consistent with O-acetylation. Mass spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the products of neomycin phosphorylation indicated that phosphoryl transfer occurred primarily at the 3'-OH of the 6-aminohexose ring A, and that some diphosphorylated material was also present with phosphates at the 3'-OH and the 3"'-OH of ring D, both unprecedented observations for this enzyme. Furthermore, the phosphorylation site of lividomycin A was determined to be the 5"-OH of the pentose ring C. CONCLUSIONS: The bifunctional AAC(6')-APH(2") has the capacity to inactivate virtually all clinically important aminoglycosides through N- and O-acetylation and phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups. The extremely broad substrate specificity of this enzyme will impact on future development of aminoglycosides and presents a significant challenge for antibiotic design. (+info)Mechanism and specificity of the terminal thioesterase domain from the erythromycin polyketide synthase. (2/34326)
BACKGROUND: Polyketides are important compounds with antibiotic and anticancer activities. Several modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) contain a terminal thioesterase (TE) domain probably responsible for the release and concomitant cyclization of the fully processed polyketide chain. Because the TE domain influences qualitative aspects of product formation by engineered PKSs, its mechanism and specificity are of considerable interest. RESULTS: The TE domain of the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. When tested against a set of N-acetyl cysteamine thioesters the TE domain did not act as a cyclase, but showed significant hydrolytic specificity towards substrates that mimic important features of its natural substrate. Also the overall rate of polyketide chain release was strongly enhanced by a covalent connection between the TE domain and the terminal PKS module (by as much as 100-fold compared with separate TE and PKS 'domains'). CONCLUSIONS: The inability of the TE domain alone to catalyze cyclization suggests that macrocycle formation results from the combined action of the TE domain and a PKS module. The chain-length and stereochemical preferences of the TE domain might be relevant in the design and engineered biosynthesis of certain novel polyketides. Our results also suggest that the TE domain might loop back to catalyze the release of polyketide chains from both terminal and pre-terminal modules, which may explain the ability of certain naturally occurring PKSs, such as the picromycin synthase, to generate both 12-membered and 14-membered macrolide antibiotics. (+info)A genetic model of substrate deprivation therapy for a glycosphingolipid storage disorder. (3/34326)
Inherited defects in the degradation of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) cause a group of severe diseases known as GSL storage disorders. There are currently no effective treatments for the majority of these disorders. We have explored a new treatment paradigm, substrate deprivation therapy, by constructing a genetic model in mice. Sandhoff's disease mice, which abnormally accumulate GSLs, were bred with mice that were blocked in their synthesis of GSLs. The mice with simultaneous defects in GSL synthesis and degradation no longer accumulated GSLs, had improved neurologic function, and had a much longer life span. However, these mice eventually developed a late-onset neurologic disease because of accumulation of another class of substrate, oligosaccharides. The results support the validity of the substrate deprivation therapy and also highlight some limitations. (+info)Activation of Src in human breast tumor cell lines: elevated levels of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity that preferentially recognizes the Src carboxy terminal negative regulatory tyrosine 530. (4/34326)
Elevated levels of Src kinase activity have been reported in a number of human cancers, including colon and breast cancer. We have analysed four human breast tumor cell lines that exhibit high levels of Src kinase activity, and have determined that these cell lines also exhibit a high level of a phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity that recognizes the Src carboxy-terminal P-Tyr530 negative regulatory site. Total Src kinase activity in these cell lines is elevated as much as 30-fold over activity in normal control cells and specific activity is elevated as much as 5.6-fold. When the breast tumor cells were grown in the presence of the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate, Src kinase activity was reduced in all four breast tumor cell lines, suggesting that Src was being activated by a phosphatase which could recognize the Tyr530 negative regulatory site. In fractionated cell extracts from the breast tumor cells, we found elevated levels of a membrane associated tyrosine phosphatase activity that preferentially dephosphorylated a Src family carboxy-terminal phosphopeptide containing the regulatory tyrosine 530 site. Src was hypophosphorylated in vivo at tyrosine 530 in at least two of the tumor cell lines, further suggesting that Src was being activated by a phosphatase in these cells. In preliminary immunoprecipitation and antibody depletion experiments, we were unable to correlate the major portion of this phosphatase activity with several known phosphatases. (+info)Crystal structure of MHC class II-associated p41 Ii fragment bound to cathepsin L reveals the structural basis for differentiation between cathepsins L and S. (5/34326)
The lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsins S and L play crucial roles in the degradation of the invariant chain during maturation of MHC class II molecules and antigen processing. The p41 form of the invariant chain includes a fragment which specifically inhibits cathepsin L but not S. The crystal structure of the p41 fragment, a homologue of the thyroglobulin type-1 domains, has been determined at 2.0 A resolution in complex with cathepsin L. The structure of the p41 fragment demonstrates a novel fold, consisting of two subdomains, each stabilized by disulfide bridges. The first subdomain is an alpha-helix-beta-strand arrangement, whereas the second subdomain has a predominantly beta-strand arrangement. The wedge shape and three-loop arrangement of the p41 fragment bound to the active site cleft of cathepsin L are reminiscent of the inhibitory edge of cystatins, thus demonstrating the first example of convergent evolution observed in cysteine protease inhibitors. However, the different fold of the p41 fragment results in additional contacts with the top of the R-domain of the enzymes, which defines the specificity-determining S2 and S1' substrate-binding sites. This enables inhibitors based on the thyroglobulin type-1 domain fold, in contrast to the rather non-selective cystatins, to exhibit specificity for their target enzymes. (+info)Substrate specificities of SR proteins in constitutive splicing are determined by their RNA recognition motifs and composite pre-mRNA exonic elements. (6/34326)
We report striking differences in the substrate specificities of two human SR proteins, SF2/ASF and SC35, in constitutive splicing. beta-Globin pre-mRNA (exons 1 and 2) is spliced indiscriminately with either SR protein. Human immunodeficiency virus tat pre-mRNA (exons 2 and 3) and immunoglobulin mu-chain (IgM) pre-mRNA (exons C3 and C4) are preferentially spliced with SF2/ASF and SC35, respectively. Using in vitro splicing with mutated or chimeric derivatives of the tat and IgM pre-mRNAs, we defined specific combinations of segments in the downstream exons, which mediate either positive or negative effects to confer SR protein specificity. A series of recombinant chimeric proteins consisting of domains of SF2/ASF and SC35 in various combinations was used to localize trans-acting domains responsible for substrate specificity. The RS domains of SF2/ASF and SC35 can be exchanged without effect on substrate specificity. The RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) of SF2/ASF are active only in the context of a two-RRM structure, and RRM2 has a dominant role in substrate specificity. In contrast, the single RRM of SC35 can function alone, but its substrate specificity can be influenced by the presence of an additional RRM. The RRMs behave as modules that, when present in different combinations, can have positive, neutral, or negative effects on splicing, depending upon the specific substrate. We conclude that SR protein-specific recognition of specific positive and negative pre-mRNA exonic elements via one or more RRMs is a crucial determinant of the substrate specificity of SR proteins in constitutive splicing. (+info)Pseudouridine mapping in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spliceosomal U small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) reveals that pseudouridine synthase pus1p exhibits a dual substrate specificity for U2 snRNA and tRNA. (7/34326)
Pseudouridine (Psi) residues were localized in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spliceosomal U small nuclear RNAs (UsnRNAs) by using the chemical mapping method. In contrast to vertebrate UsnRNAs, S. cerevisiae UsnRNAs contain only a few Psi residues, which are located in segments involved in intermolecular RNA-RNA or RNA-protein interactions. At these positions, UsnRNAs are universally modified. When yeast mutants disrupted for one of the several pseudouridine synthase genes (PUS1, PUS2, PUS3, and PUS4) or depleted in rRNA-pseudouridine synthase Cbf5p were tested for UsnRNA Psi content, only the loss of the Pus1p activity was found to affect Psi formation in spliceosomal UsnRNAs. Indeed, Psi44 formation in U2 snRNA was abolished. By using purified Pus1p enzyme and in vitro-produced U2 snRNA, Pus1p is shown here to catalyze Psi44 formation in the S. cerevisiae U2 snRNA. Thus, Pus1p is the first UsnRNA pseudouridine synthase characterized so far which exhibits a dual substrate specificity, acting on both tRNAs and U2 snRNA. As depletion of rRNA-pseudouridine synthase Cbf5p had no effect on UsnRNA Psi content, formation of Psi residues in S. cerevisiae UsnRNAs is not dependent on the Cbf5p-snoRNA guided mechanism. (+info)The human F box protein beta-Trcp associates with the Cul1/Skp1 complex and regulates the stability of beta-catenin. (8/34326)
Ubiquitin-conjugation targets numerous cellular regulators for proteasome-mediated degradation. Thus, the identification of ubiquitin ligases and their physiological substrates is crucially important, especially for those cases in which aberrant levels of regulatory proteins (e.g., beta-catenin, p27) result from a deregulated ubiquitination pathway. In yeast, the proteolysis of several G1 regulators is controlled by ubiquitin ligases (or SCFs) formed by three subunits: Skp1, Cul A (Cdc53), and one of many F-box proteins. Specific F-box proteins (Fbps) recruit different substrates to the SCF. Although many Fbps have been identified in mammals, their specific substrates and the existence of multiple SCFs have not yet been reported. We have found that one human Fbp, beta-Trcp (beta-Transducin repeat containing protein), does indeed form a novel SCF with human Skp1 and Cul1. Consistent with recent reports indicating that Xenopus and Drosophila beta-Trcp homologs act as negative regulators of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, we report here that human beta-Trcp interacts with beta-catenin in vivo. Furthermore, beta-catenin is specifically stabilized in vivo by the expression of a dominant negative beta-Trcp. These results indicate that the Cul1/Skp1/beta-Trcp complex forms a ubiquitin ligase that mediates the degradation of beta-catenin. (+info)
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Group Specificity | easybiologyclass
MMP Substrate II (Fluorogenic) - PEPDAB061
Inagaki, Kenji - OU Author List - OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENT REPOSITORY
Combining Substrate Specificity Analysis with Support Vector Classifiers Reveals Feruloyl Esterase as a Phylogenetically...
DSpace at EWHA: Structural basis for the extended substrate spectrum of AmpC BER and structure-guided discovery of the...
Molecules | Free Full-Text | A Xylenol Orange-Based Screening Assay for the Substrate Specificity of Flavin-Dependent para...
Phytaspase - Wikipedia
Coating Composition, a Process of Producing a Coating Composition, a Coated Article, and a Method of Forming Such Articles ...
KEGG ENZYME: 6.3.2.48
UGE3 protein (Arabidopsis thaliana) - STRING network view
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Structural Basis of Caspase-3 Substrate Specificity Revealed by Crysta by Bin Fang
Identification of Crucial Amino Acids in Mouse Aldehyde Oxidase 3 That Determine Substrate Specificity - pdf descargar
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Substrate specificity of hyaluronidases tested on polya | Open-i
Diethyl 4-Methylbenzylphosphonate - DrugBank
Designing of Substrates and Inhibitors of Bovine α-Chymotryp...: Ingenta Connect
Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates | Protocol
To boost our understanding of Taspase1s substrate specificity we used our biosensor assay mixed with positional scanning...
Identification of substrates for Ser/Thr kinases using residue-based statistical pair potentials : Bioinformatics - oi
ETS-targeted therapy: can it substitute for MEK inhibitors? | Clinical and Translational Medicine | Full Text
Lirias: pKa modulation of the acid/base catalyst within GH32 and GH68: a role in substrate/inhibitor specificity?
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Energetics & Enzymes
Patent US8084685 - Apparatus for making controlled segregated phase domain structures - Google Patents
Deciphering Protein Kinase Specificity Through Large-Scale Analysis of Yeast Phosphorylation Site Motifs | Science Signaling
ProteomeXchange Dataset PXD014199
Evaluation of atypical cytochrome P450 kinetics with two-substrate models: evidence that multiple substrates can simultaneously...
AID 1078669 - Inhibition of human P70S6K catalytic domain expressed in baculovirus assessed as substrate phosphorylation using...
AID 1078796 - Inhibition of human FER catalytic domain expressed in baculovirus assessed as substrate phosphorylation using...
Src Optimal Peptide Substrate | Peptide | MCE
Identification of Protein Kinase Substrates by the Kinase‐Interacting Substrate Screening (KISS) Approach - Current Protocols
RCSB PDB
for 1UN4
The Effect Of Substrate On The Rate Of Respiration On Yeast Essay
Research Interests
Walker motifs
Implications for substrate specificity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (34): 21714-20. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.34.21714 ... and is also found in a variety of proteins with phosphorylated substrates. Major lineages include: RecA and rotor ATP synthase ...
ACP1
Implications for substrate specificity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (34): 21714-21720. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.34. ...
Adenosine kinase
Substrate and inhibitor specificity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 254 (7): 2346-52. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)30227-2 ... Compounds that are substrates for AdK include the N-nucleosides toyocamycin, tubercidin and 6-methylmecaptopurine riboside; the ... identification of a novel motif implicated in phosphate and magnesium ion binding and substrate inhibition". Biochemistry. 41 ( ...
Debbie C. Crans
Crans, Debbie C.; Whitesides, George M. (1985). "Glycerol kinase: substrate specificity". Journal of the American Chemical ...
DDT-dehydrochlorinase
Substrate and cofactor specificity". J. Biol. Chem. 234 (8): 2129-32. PMID 13673025. Moorefield HH (1956). "Purification of DDT ...
Violaxanthin de-epoxidase
Lipid composition and substrate specificity". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 190 (2): 514-22. doi:10.1016/0003-9861( ... Goss R (September 2003). "Substrate specificity of the violaxanthin de-epoxidase of the primitive green alga Mantoniella ...
Strictosidine synthase
... the enzyme possesses a high degree of substrate specificity, with the indole moiety of tryptamine required for substrate ... McCoy E, Galan MC, O'Connor SE (2006). "Substrate specificity of strictosidine synthase". Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16 (9): 2475 ... have suggested that strictosidine synthase can be easily manipulated to have a broader range of substrate specificity. For ... Upon substrate binding, secologanin's position is located at the pocket's entrance, where the positively charged residues His ...
EPHX1
... has broad substrate specificity. EPHX1 detoxifies low molecular weight chemicals, e.g., butadiene, benzene, styrene, etc ... Oesch F (1974). "Purification and specificity of a human microsomal epoxide hydratase". Biochem. J. 139 (1): 77-88. doi:10.1042 ... Androstene oxide and epoxyestratrienol have been shown as endogenous EPHX1 substrates. EPHX1 also metabolizes endocannabinoid 2 ... Structure-activity relationships for substrates and inhibitors". Biochemistry. 10 (26): 4858-66. doi:10.1021/bi00802a005. PMID ...
Tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase
Substrate specificity and mechanistic implications". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (40): 23540-5. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.40.23540. PMID ... the two substrates of this enzyme are L-tryptophan and O2, whereas its two products are alpha,beta-didehydrotryptophan and H2O2 ...
ALPPL2
Implication for a substrate specificity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (12): 9158-65. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009250200. ...
Trypanothione-disulfide reductase
Marsh IR, Bradley M (1997). "Substrate specificity of trypanothione reductase". Eur. J. Biochem. 243 (3): 690-4. doi:10.1111/j. ... the two substrates of this enzyme are trypanothione and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are trypanothione disulfide, NADPH, and ... Subversive Substrates and Antitrypanosomal Properties". ChemMedChem. 2 (12): 1708-12. doi:10.1002/cmdc.200700172. PMID 17918760 ...
Alberto Sols
Sols, Alberto; Crane, Robert (1954). "Substrate specificity of brain hexokinase". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 210 (2): 581 ... "The Kinetics of Yeast Hexokinase in the Light of the Induced Fit Involved in the Binding of its Sugar Substrate". European ...
Robert K. Crane
"Substrate specificity of brain hexokinase". Journal of Biological Chemistry 210, 1954, pp. 581-595. Robert K. Crane, Richard A ...
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase)-lysine N-methyltransferase
"Polypeptide substrate specificity of PsLSMT. A set domain protein methyltransferase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 ...
Polyphenol oxidase
McLarin, Mark-Anthony; Leung, Ivanhoe K. H. (2020). "Substrate Specificity of Polyphenol Oxidase". Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. ... Because the substrates of these PPO reactions are located in the vacuoles of plant cells damaged mainly by improper harvesting ... PPO may accept monophenols and/or o-diphenols as substrates. The enzyme works by catalyzing the o-hydroxylation of monophenol ... The two isoenzymes prefer different substrates, as jr PPO1 shows a higher activity towards monophenols, whereas jr PPO2 is more ...
Placental alkaline phosphatase
Implication for a substrate specificity". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (12): 9158-65. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009250200. PMID 11124260. Spurway ... substrate proteins associate with the transamidase subunit gpi8p". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (19): 15975-82. doi:10.1074/jbc. ...
ADH7
Structural basis for substrate specificity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (30): 18558-63. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.30. ... Active-site amino acid sequence explains substrate specificity compared with liver isozymes". The Journal of Biological ... Members of this family metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, ...
Riboflavin kinase
McCormick DB; Butler RC (1962). "Substrate specificity of liver flavokinase". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 65 (2): 326-332. doi: ... the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and riboflavin, whereas its two products are ADP and FMN. Riboflavin is converted ...
N-glycosyltransferase
August 2014). "Substrate specificity of cytoplasmic N-glycosyltransferase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 289 (35): ... The principal substrates of N-glycosyltransferases are adhesins. Adhesins are proteins that are used to colonize a surface, ... The substrate for the HMW1C homologue of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus is called EmaA and is an autotransporter protein. The ... Among these are a deprotonation of the amide, an interaction between a hydroxyl group in the substrate sequon with the amide (a ...
ADAM33
Zou J, Zhang R, Zhu F, Liu J, Madison V, Umland SP (March 2005). "ADAM33 enzyme properties and substrate specificity". ...
Tripeptide aminopeptidase
Substrate specificity and effects of inhibitors". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 706 (2): 229-38. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(82) ...
Haloalkane dehalogenase
Koudelakova T, Chovancova E, Brezovsky J, Monincova M, Fortova A, Jarkovsky J, Damborsky J (2011). "Substrate Specificity of ... To begin, aspartate 124 is perfectly aligned with the substrate. It will drive off the halogen and form an ester functionality ... the two substrates of this enzyme are 1-haloalkane and H2O, whereas its two products are primary alcohol and halide. This ... a dehalogenase of wide substrate range from an Arthrobacter sp". J. Bacteriol. 169 (11): 5016-21. doi:10.1128/jb.169.11.5016- ...
Amine oxidase (copper-containing)
I. Substrate specificity and electrophoresis studies". Biochem. J. 71 (3): 477-84. doi:10.1042/bj0710477. PMC 1196820. PMID ... "Kinetic and structural analysis of substrate specificity in two copper amine oxidases from Hansenula polymorpha". Biochemistry ... The active site is buried and requires a conformational change to allow the substrate access. The N2 and N3 N-terminal domains ... In prokaryotes, the enzyme enables various amine substrates to be used as sources of carbon and nitrogen. This enzyme belongs ...
Carboxypeptidase A6
Lyons, P. J.; Fricker, L. D. (2010). "Substrate Specificity of Human Carboxypeptidase A6". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 ... CPA6 may have additional roles in processing peptides and proteins in vivo, but the nature of these substrates and the effects ...
Arylesterase
I. Substrate specificity and electrophoresis studies". Biochem. J. 71 (3): 477-84. doi:10.1042/bj0710477. PMC 1196820. PMID ... are lactonases with overlapping and distinct substrate specificities". J. Lipid Res. 46 (6): 1239-47. doi:10.1194/jlr.M400511- ... are lactonases with overlapping and distinct substrate specificities". The Journal of Lipid Research. 46 (6): 1239-1247. doi: ... Characterization of an arylesterase of guinea pig cerebral cortex utilizing p-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate". Biochim. ...
Isopenicillin N synthase
Miller FD, Chapman JL, Queener SW (1992). "Substrate specificity of isopenicillin N synthase". J. Med. Chem. 35 (10): 1897-914 ... Substrate Determination of Oxidase versus Oxygenase Activity in Nonheme Fe Enzymes". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (23): 7427-7438. doi ... This allows for the binding of the substrate ACV to the deprotonated thiol group of the cysteine residue. This ligation of the ... and two water molecules in the absence of a bound substrate. Just two histidine residues and one aspartic acid residue are ...
Ribosylpyrimidine nucleosidase
Substrate specificity, gene expression, and regulation". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2): 884-94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008300200. PMID ... the two substrates of this enzyme are pyrimidine nucleoside and H2O, whereas its two products are D-ribose and pyrimidine base ...
Ricinine nitrilase
I. REACTION PRODUCT AND SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY". J. Biol. Chem. 239: 4257-62. PMID 14247679. HOOK RH, ROBINSON WG (1964). " ... the two substrates of this enzyme are ricinine and H2O, whereas its two products are 3-carboxy-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone ...
Lipid signaling
2005). "Substrate specificity of human ceramide kinase". J. Lipid Res. 46 (12): 2706-2716. doi:10.1194/jlr.M500313-JLR200. PMID ... Taha, T. A.; Argraves, K. M.; Obeid, L. M. (2004). "Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors: receptor specificity versus functional ... that act on ceramide as either a substrate or product. Regulation of ceramide levels can therefore be performed by one of these ...
Alanine dehydrogenase
O'Connor RJ, Halvorson H (March 1961). "The substrate specificity of L-alanine dehydrogenase". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. ... H+ The 2 substrates of this enzyme are L-alanine, water, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ because water is 55M and does ...
UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)glucosamine N-acyltransferase
"Acyl chain specificity of the acyltransferases LpxA and LpxD and substrate availability contribute to lipid A fatty acid ...
Rhomboid-related protein 2
"Substrate specificity of rhomboid intramembrane proteases is governed by helix-breaking residues in the substrate transmembrane ... Known substrates of RHBDL2 include thrombomodulin and epidermal growth factor; profiling of the substrate repertoire of RHBDL2 ... "Quantitative proteomics screen identifies a substrate repertoire of rhomboid protease RHBDL2 in human cells and implicates it ... has identified a number of additional type I membrane proteins substrates, including BCAM, SPINT1, and CLCP1. GRCh38: Ensembl ...
Mannitol dehydrogenase
Stoop, JMH, Chilton WS, Pharr DM (1996). "Substrate specificity of the NAD-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase from celery". ... the two substrates of this enzyme are D-mannitol and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are D-mannose, NADH, and H+. This enzyme ...
B-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein b-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Substrate specificity and product identification studies on canine submaxillary gland UDP-GlcNAc:Gal beta 1-3GalNAc(GlcNAc ... Analysis of substrates and products for four N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-transferases involved in mucin synthesis". Carbohydrate ... I. Detection in canine submaxillary glands of an N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase which acts on mucin substrates". The Journal ...
Very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase
Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family ...
Glycerophosphoinositol inositolphosphodiesterase
Substrate specificity and regulation of activity by phospholipids, metal ion chelators, and inositol 2-phosphate". J. Biol. ...
CYP2B6
Mo SL, Liu YH, Duan W, Wei MQ, Kanwar JR, Zhou SF (September 2009). "Substrate specificity, regulation, and polymorphism of ... Following is a table of selected substrates, inducers and inhibitors of CYP2B6. Inhibitors of CYP2B6 can be classified by their ... Ekins S, Iyer M, Krasowski MD, Kharasch ED (June 2008). "Molecular characterization of CYP2B6 substrates". Current Drug ... "Drug Interactions & Labeling - Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers". www.fda. ...
Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase
... but show slightly different protein substrate specificities. TPST is a prevalent enzyme, found in many multicellular eukaryotes ... Another substrate for TPST, CC-chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5), has generated interest because of its role as the target protein ... P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) has been extensively studied as a substrate for TPST and the importance of sulfation ... Lee RW, Huttner WB (Sep 1985). "(Glu62, Ala30, Tyr8) n serves as high-affinity substrate for tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase: a ...
Reading comprehension
ISBN 978-1-60623-356-6. Speer, Nicole; Yarkoni, Tal; Zacks, Jeffrey (2008). "Neural substrates of narrative comprehension and ... examining the language specificity of orthographic processing". Journal of Research in Reading. 32 (2): 215-229. doi:10.1111/j. ...
Halictinae
Twelve of the 56 Thrinchostoma species are native to Madagascar and exhibit some host-plant specificity. Parathrincostoma ... nesting substrate availability, and risk of predation or parasitism. For eusociality to be expressed, the summer breeding ... cleptoparasitic bees are host generalists and belong to an ancient lineage of parasites that uniquely shares no specificity ...
Pollination of orchids
2001). "Pollinator specificity and convergence in fly pollinated Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae) species: a multiple population ... The flowers emit scents that resemble decaying organic materials, excrement or carrion, substrates visited by flies in search ...
Sucrose-phosphate synthase
In this closed conformation, the Gly-34 residue of the A domain interacts with UDP-glucose and forces the substrate to adapt a ... First, antibodies with high specificities for plant SPS also target the bacterial SPS, indicating the structure is conserved ... These domains are joined by residue loops to form a substrate binding cleft, where the glucosyl group acceptor binds. Although ... Crystal structures studies reveal that after binding, the two domains twist to narrow the entrance of the substrate binding ...
Demethylmacrocin O-methyltransferase
... biosynthesis Substrate specificity, enzyme inhibition, and kinetic mechanism". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (30): 15626-33. PMID 3170602 ... the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and demethylmacrocin, whereas its two products are S- ...
Ub-AMC
Investigation of deconjugating enzyme substrate specificity in comparison with alternative UBL-AMC substrates (e.g. NEDD8-AMC) ... Biochemistry, 37, 1868-1879 (1998) Mason, D.E., Ek, J., Peters, E.C. and Harris J.L. Substrate profiling of deubiquitin ... Ubiquitin-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for a wide range of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), including ubiquitin C-terminal ... Typical assay set-up: Assay substrate concentration: 0.01-1.0µM. Enzyme concentrations, UCH-L3: 10-100pM, isopeptidase-T: 10- ...
Ubiquitin-like protein
Ronau JA, Beckmann JF, Hochstrasser M (April 2016). "Substrate specificity of the ubiquitin and Ubl proteases". Cell Research. ... Deubiquitination or deconjugation - that is, removal of ubiquitin from a protein substrate - is performed by deubiquitinating ... Mevissen TE, Komander D (June 2017). "Mechanisms of Deubiquitinase Specificity and Regulation". Annual Review of Biochemistry. ... both are unusual in that ATG12 has only two known protein substrates and ATG8 is conjugated not to a protein but to a ...
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase
Cholesterol-24 hydroxylase is easily inhibited by many drugs due to its broad substrate specificity. It has been shown to ... Pikuleva IA; Norcross, R; Andersson, U; Shou, M; Nakayama, K; Bjorkhem, I; Pikuleva, IA (2003). "Broad substrate specificity of ... "Crystal structures of substrate-bound and substrate-free cytochrome P450 46A1, the principal cholesterol hydroxylase in the ... Cholesterol-24 hydroxylase has a variety of possible substrates, including: elongated steroid chains, cholesterol derivatives, ...
Pseudolysin
Development of a new substrate, inhibitors, and an affinity ligand". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 255 (8): 3482-6. PMID ... but specificity differs in other respects This enzyme belongs to the peptidase family M4 (thermolysin family). Morihara K, ...
All-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranyl-diphosphate specific)
Fujii H, Sagami H, Koyama T, Ogura K, Seto S, Baba T, Allen CM (October 1980). "Variable product specificity of solanesyl ... the significance of the diphosphate linkage involved in the allylic substrates for prenyltransferase". Journal of Biochemistry ...
Nitrilase
Although it was known at the time that nitrilase could operate with wide substrate specificity in producing the corresponding ... In plants, there are two distinguishable groups in regard to substrate specificity: those with high hydrolytic activity towards ... The arylcetonitrile substrates for these particular enzymes consist of phenylpropionitrile and other products that result from ... Early release of the enzyme-bound substrate after the first water hydrolysis followed by delayed addition of the second water ...
NME1
Schaertl S, Konrad M, Geeves MA (1998). "Substrate specificity of human nucleoside-diphosphate kinase revealed by transient ...
GLUT2
... kinetic characterization and substrate specificities of the erythrocyte, liver, and brain isoforms". Biochemistry. 30 (21): ...
Isoleucine N-monooxygenase
Cloning, functional expression in Pichia pastoris, and substrate specificity of the isolated recombinant enzymes". The Journal ...
Signal-averaged electrocardiogram
... and a specificity of 75%, yielding a positive predictive value of 20% and a negative predictive value of 20%. PMID 8522703 - ... which may be the substrate for a micro-re-entry mechanism, implying a higher risk of potentially dangerous ventricular ...
DNA-PKcs
"Substrate specificities and identification of putative substrates of ATM kinase family members". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (53): 37538 ... Many proteins have been identified as substrates for the kinase activity of DNA-PK. Autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs appears to ...
Bioluminescence
Renilla and Gaussia based cell viability assays use the substrate coelenterazine. Animal coloration Biophoton Life That Glows, ... symbiont specificity and codivergence in bioluminescent symbioses". Cladistics. 23 (5): 507-532. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007. ... is used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the measurements. There is direct correlation between luminescence ... mind that different types of microbial populations are determined through different sets of ATP assays using other substrates ...
List of homing endonuclease cutting sites
Lykke-Andersen J, Thi-Ngoc HP, Garrett RA (November 1994). "DNA substrate specificity and cleavage kinetics of an archaeal ...
Mixed language
Missingsch, Low Saxon grammar, pronunciation, pragmatics, loanwords and substrate and German vocabulary.[citation needed] Para- ... "categorial specificity of the structural borrowing" or a uniform borrowing of specific categories (Winford).[citation needed] ...
N-end rule
"The N-end rule adaptor protein ClpS from Plasmodium falciparum exhibits broad substrate specificity". FEBS Letters. 590 (19): ... ClpS is as a specific adaptor protein for the ATP-dependent AAA+ protease ClpAP, and hence ClpS delivers N-degron substrates to ... It is posited that upon recognition, ClpS1 binds to these substrate proteins and brings them to the ClpC chaperone of the ... This study suggests that ClpS1 is functionally similar to ClpS, also playing a role in substrate recognition via specific N- ...
Malarial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Substrate and inhibitor specificity
Mutated cellobiose dehydrogenase with modified substrate specificity - Patent EP-3408384-B1 - PubChem
1ADC: CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF ISOSTERIC NAD ANALOGUES BOUND TO ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE: SPECIFICITY AND SUBSTRATE BINDING IN...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | The Heavy Chain 4F2hc Modulates the Substrate Affinity and Specificity of the Light Chains LAT1 and LAT2
... show a novel function of the heavy chain 4F2hc that impacts transport by modulating the substrate affinity and specificity of ... In addition, the presented data confirm that the light chains LAT1 and LAT2 constitute the substrate-transporting subunits of ... Figure 3. Determination of the substrate specificity of 4F2hc-LAT1 (A), LAT1 (B), 4F2hc-LAT2 (C), and LAT2 (D) by 100 nM [3H]L- ... Figure 3. Determination of the substrate specificity of 4F2hc-LAT1 (A), LAT1 (B), 4F2hc-LAT2 (C), and LAT2 (D) by 100 nM [3H]L- ...
Substrate specificity of chloroplast protein import pathways in Arabidopsis | Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP)
Tissue and substrate specificity of inhibition by alkoxy-aryl-lactams of platelet and arterial smooth muscle cyclic nucleotide...
Global substrate specificity of mycobacterial serine hydrolases
Analysis of the substrate specificity of the haloalkane dehalogenase LinB and its possible function in racemic resolution -...
Characterization of two forms of protein kinase C alpha, with different substrate specificities, from skeletal muscle | Garvan...
The results suggest that a modification of PKC alpha in situ limits its substrate specificity, and indicate an additional level ... The results suggest that a modification of PKC alpha in situ limits its substrate specificity, and indicate an additional level ... Characterization of two forms of protein kinase C alpha, with different substrate specificities, from skeletal muscle. Abstract ... Characterization of two forms of protein kinase C alpha, with different substrate specificities, from skeletal muscle ...
A localized tolerance in the substrate specificity of the fluorinase enzyme enables "last-step" <sup>18</sup>F fluorination of...
A localized tolerance in the substrate specificity of the fluorinase enzyme enables "last-step" 18F fluorination of a RGD ... A localized tolerance in the substrate specificity of the fluorinase enzyme enables "last-step" 18F fluorination of a RGD ... A localized tolerance in the substrate specificity of the fluorinase enzyme enables "last-step" 18F fluorination of a RGD ... A localized tolerance in the substrate specificity of the fluorinase enzyme enables "last-step" 18F fluorination of a RGD ...
The localization of human cyclins B1 and B2 determines CDK1 substrate specificity and neither enzyme requires MEK to...
Dive into the research topics of The localization of human cyclins B1 and B2 determines CDK1 substrate specificity and neither ... In this paper, we show that substrate specificity is primarily conferred on human mitotic cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) by ... title = "The localization of human cyclins B1 and B2 determines CDK1 substrate specificity and neither enzyme requires MEK to ... T1 - The localization of human cyclins B1 and B2 determines CDK1 substrate specificity and neither enzyme requires MEK to ...
Oncogenic RET receptors display different autophosphorylation sites and substrate binding specificities<...
Oncogenic RET receptors display different autophosphorylation sites and substrate binding specificities. Xin Liu, Quinn C. Vega ... Oncogenic RET receptors display different autophosphorylation sites and substrate binding specificities. Journal of Biological ... Oncogenic RET receptors display different autophosphorylation sites and substrate binding specificities. In: Journal of ... Oncogenic RET receptors display different autophosphorylation sites and substrate binding specificities. / Liu, Xin; Vega, ...
Plastidic delta-6 Fatty-Acid Desaturases with Distinctive Substrate Specificity Regulate the Pool of C18-PUFAs in the Ancestral...
Plastidic delta-6 Fatty-Acid Desaturases with Distinctive Substrate Specificity Regulate the Pool of C18-PUFAs in the Ancestral ... Plastidic delta-6 Fatty-Acid Desaturases with Distinctive Substrate Specificity Regulate the Pool of C18-PUFAs in the Ancestral ... Plastidic delta-6 Fatty-Acid Desaturases with Distinctive Substrate Specificity Regulate the Pool of C18-PUFAs in the Ancestral ...
Evolution, substrate specificity and subfamily classification of glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) | BMC Ecology and Evolution...
With the objective of improving the differentiation of enzyme specificities in a knowledge-based context, and to obtain new ... Evolution, substrate specificity and subfamily classification of glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5). *Henrik Aspeborg1, ... Aspeborg, H., Coutinho, P.M., Wang, Y. et al. Evolution, substrate specificity and subfamily classification of glycoside ... Evolution, substrate specificity and subfamily classification of glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) ...
Identification of amino acid residues essential for the substrate specificity of Flavobacterium sp. Endo-β-N...
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Structural basis of substrate specificity in human cytidine deaminase family APOBEC3s. Journal of Biological Chemistry ... of ssDNA-bound A3s together with experimental studies have provided some insights into distinct substrate specificities among ... Although overall structurally similar, A3s have vastly varying deamination activity and substrate preferences. Recent crystal ...
Structural Basis for Substrate-specific Acetylation of Nα-acetyltransferase Ard1 from Sulfolobus solfataricus | Scientific...
These studies provide not only a molecular elucidation of substrate recognition and specificity for the NatA family, but also ... Their structures can vary according to the first two residues of their substrate. However, the mechanisms of substrate ... Further enzyme activity assays revealed that the substrate specificity of SsArd1 could be altered from SSGTPT to MEEKVG by a ... Both structures contain coenzyme A, while the latter also contains a substrate-derived peptide. Sequential structure-based ...
The restriction endonucleases in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens N strain. Substrate specificities. - Wikidata
Substrate size-dependent conformational changes of bacterial pectin-binding protein crucial for chemotaxis and assimilation
... the two domains were closed in substrate-bound form and the domain closure ratio was changed in response to the substrate size ... Substrate size-dependent conformational changes of bacterial pectin-binding protein crucial for chemotaxis and assimilation Sci ... Substrate-free SPH1118 adopted three different conformations in the open form. On the other hand, ... SPH1118 consisted of two domains with a large cleft between the domains and substrates bound to positively charged and aromatic ...
RCSB PDB - 1ARI: Aspartate aminotransferase, W140H mutant, maleate complex
Effects on reaction and substrate specificity.. Vacca, R.A., Christen, P., Malashkevich, V.N., Jansonius, J.N., Sandmeier, E.. ... The study shows that substitutions of single active-site residues may result in altered reaction and substrate specificities of ... In an attempt to change the reaction and substrate specificity of aspartate aminotransferase, several apolar active-site ... In an attempt to change the reaction and substrate specificity of aspartate aminotransferase, several apolar active-site ...
Structural Studies of HNA Substrate Specificity in Mutants of an Archaeal DNA Polymerase Obtained by Directed Evolution -...
"Molecular Basis for the Substrate Specificity of Quorum Signal Synthas" by Shi-Hui Dong, Nicole D. Frane et al.
... the basis for substrate specificity, or the rationale for donor specificity for any LuxI member. Here, we present several ... determinant that establishes specificity for the acyl donor and identify residues that are critical for acyl/aryl specificity. ... the basis for substrate specificity, or the rationale for donor specificity for any LuxI member. Here, we present several ... "Molecular Basis for the Substrate Specificity of Quorum Signal Synthases". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of ...
The complex structure of bile salt hydrolase from Lactobacillus salivarius reveals the structural basis of substrate...
Nuclear RNA Exosome at 3.1 Å Reveals Substrate Specificities, RNA Paths, and Allosteric Inhibition of Rrp44/Dis3. | NECAT
Nuclear RNA Exosome at 3.1 Å Reveals Substrate Specificities, RNA Paths, and Allosteric Inhibition of Rrp44/Dis3.. Publication ... Home » Nuclear RNA Exosome at 3.1 Å Reveals Substrate Specificities, RNA Paths, and Allosteric Inhibition of Rrp44/Dis3. ... phosphate RNA substrates. Using reconstituted exosome complexes, we show that 3 phosphate RNA is not a substrate for Rrp6 but ...
Substrate specificity evaluation for the ribosyl substrate of thymidine phosphorylase<...
Substrate specificity evaluation for the ribosyl substrate of thymidine phosphorylase. Aiko Harano, Akihiko Hatano, Masayuki ... Substrate specificity evaluation for the ribosyl substrate of thymidine phosphorylase. / Harano, Aiko; Hatano, Akihiko; ... Harano A, Hatano A, Kirihara M. Substrate specificity evaluation for the ribosyl substrate of thymidine phosphorylase. Default ... Substrate specificity evaluation for the ribosyl substrate of thymidine phosphorylase. In: Default journal. 2006. ...
The diadenosine hexaphosphate hydrolases from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are homologues of the...
Substrate specificities and conformational flexibility of 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylases | Eltis Lab
... the KshA5 homolog had the highest apparent specificity for substrates with no C17 side chain (kcat/Km >105 s-1m-1 for 4- ... the cholesterol-degrading KshAMtb from Mycobacterium tuberculosis had the highest specificity for CoA-thioesterified substrates ... substrate complexes as compared with substrate-free KshA, suggesting that Rieske oxygenases may have a dynamic nature similar ... These specificities are consistent with differences in the catabolism of cholesterol and bile acids, resp., in actinobacteria. ...
Nucleotide Substrate Specificity of Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Nucleoside Analogs for Human Mitochondrial RNA Polymerase. |...
Screening of Beta-lactam Acylase Producers from Soil and Characterization of Isolates for Substrate Specificity for...
Screening of Beta-lactam Acylase Producers from Soil and Characterization of Isolates for Substrate Specificity for ... Also the substrate specificity for various cephalosporins showed it most selective to cephalexin. ... Screening of Beta-lactam Acylase Producers from Soil and Characterization of Isolates for Substrate Specificity for ... Screening of Beta-lactam Acylase Producers from Soil and Characterization of Isolates for Substrate Specificity for ...
ResiduesBiol ChemTyrosineEnzymesSensitivity and specifiDual specificityInhibitorDeterminantsReactionCatalyticCharacterizationMechanismStructuralMolecular1973MetabolismVitroAntibodyPeptidesCOMPLEXESKinaseSubfamilyAssayConformationalNucleotideMammalianKinasesPolymeraseInhibitionEnzymaticHigh-sensitivityCofactorReagentMutantsConcentrationPathwaysSequenceAminoHumanELISAAromaticCatalysisUndergoDifferencesContrastEvolutionGlucose
Residues17
- Identification of amino acid residues essential for the substrate specificity of Flavobacterium sp. (elsevier.com)
- Their structures can vary according to the first two residues of their substrate. (nature.com)
- Superimposition of SsArd1 (NatA) with human Naa50p (NatE) showed significant differences in key residues of enzymes near the first amino-acid position of the substrate peptide (Glu35 for SsArd1 and Val29 for Naa50p). (nature.com)
- SPH1118 consisted of two domains with a large cleft between the domains and substrates bound to positively charged and aromatic residues in the cleft through hydrogen bond and stacking interactions. (nih.gov)
- In an attempt to change the reaction and substrate specificity of aspartate aminotransferase, several apolar active-site residues were substituted in turn with a histidine residue. (rcsb.org)
- The study shows that substitutions of single active-site residues may result in altered reaction and substrate specificities of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes. (rcsb.org)
- We also identify the determinant that establishes specificity for the acyl donor and identify residues that are critical for acyl/aryl specificity. (boisestate.edu)
- To understand how specific residues contribute to substrate selectivity, three site-directed mutants of (MOUSE)NAT2*1 were prepared: these were (MOUSE)NAT2_F125S, (MOUSE)NAT2_R127G and (MOUSE)NAT2_R127L. (ox.ac.uk)
- In silico modelling of selective ligands into the appropriate NAT active sites further implicated these residues in substrate and inhibitor specificity in mouse and human NAT isoenzymes. (ox.ac.uk)
- CONCLUSIONS: Three non-catalytic residues within (HUMAN)NAT1*4 (F125, R127 and Y129) contribute both to substrate recognition and inhibitor binding by participating in distinctive intermolecular interactions and maintaining the steric conformation of the catalytic pocket. (ox.ac.uk)
- These active site residues contribute to the definition of substrate and inhibitor selectivity, an understanding of which is essential for facilitating the design of second generation (HUMAN)NAT1-selective inhibitors for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes. (ox.ac.uk)
- PRCP has an extended active-site cleft that can accommodate proline substrates with multiple N-terminal residues. (biomedcentral.com)
- Right) Structure of a histidine kinase and its cognate response regulator highlighting the coevolving residues that dictate interaction specificity. (mit.edu)
- B y studying patterns of amino-acid coevolution in cognate kinase-substrate pairs, we have identified the key specificity-determining residues. (mit.edu)
- Because partner specificity relies on only a handful of residues in each protein, two-component signaling pathways are amenable to systematic investigations into molecular recognition. (mit.edu)
- As with two-component signaling proteins, we have used analyses of amino-acid coevolution in cognate toxin-antitoxin pairs to pinpoint the residues crucial to interaction specificity. (mit.edu)
- PKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine or tyrosine residues on protein substrates. (umbc.edu)
Biol Chem1
- 8599766 10.1038/nsb0496-388 1 'Ptb Domains of Irs-1 and Shc Have Distinct But Overlapping Binding Specificities' J.Biol.Chem. (rcsb.org)
Tyrosine4
- Reference: DNA polymerase beta: analysis of the contributions of tyrosine-271 and asparagine-279 to substrate specificity and fidelity of DNA replication by pre-steady-state kinetics. (neb.com)
- A high-throughput platform was developed for the identification of tyrosine kinase substrate specificity by using an improved one-bead-one-compound ladder peptide library and MALDI-TOF MS. (sookmyung.ac.kr)
- Fibroblast growth factor or nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulation leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of the FGF Receptor Substrate 2 (FRS2) docking proteins. (novusbio.com)
- Src was originally identified as a transforming protein of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) that had enzymatic ability to phosphorylate tyrosine in protein substrates (1). (signalchem.com)
Enzymes7
- Given the prevalence of convergent evolution of enzymes that cleave glycosidic bonds, as well as the demonstrable catalytic promiscuity of individual enzymes, sequence-based classification has proven to be a robust way to unify information on enzyme structure, specificity, and mechanism, which provides enormous predictive power [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- W140-->H, I17-->H and V37--H, decreased the aminotransferase activity toward aromatic amino acids by 10-100-fold, while decreasing the activity toward dicarboxylic substrates only moderately to 20%, 20% and 60% of the activity of the wild-type enzymes, respectively. (rcsb.org)
- All enzymes have a flexible 16-residue "mouth loop," which in some structures completely occluded the substrate-binding pocket from the bulk solvent. (eltislab.com)
- METHODS: To determine whether the (MOUSE)NAT1 and (HUMAN)NAT2 enzymes are functionally equivalent, we expressed and purified (MOUSE)NAT1*1 and analysed its substrate specificity using a panel of arylamines and hydrazines. (ox.ac.uk)
- RESULTS: Comparing (MOUSE)NAT1*1 with other mammalian NAT enzymes demonstrated that the substrate profiles of (MOUSE)NAT1 and (HUMAN)NAT2 are less similar than previously believed. (ox.ac.uk)
- The structural basis of the different substrate specificities of the two enzymes is not understood nor has the structure of the S28 fold been described. (biomedcentral.com)
- Don't forget that both enzymes and their substrates are highly specific to each other - this is known as enzyme-substrate specificity. (linstitute.net)
Sensitivity and specifi2
- High sensitivity and specificity of the test. (testlinecd.com)
- ABSTRACT The aim of this study in Iraq was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a commercial ELISA test for detection of Giardia lamblia antigen in stool. (who.int)
Dual specificity2
- Kinetic analysis of the purified enzyme in a system which contained both pullulan and amylose as two competing substrates was used to distinguish the dual specificity of the enzyme from the single-substrate specificity known for pullulanases and α-amylases. (kribb.re.kr)
- Catalytic domain of Plant dual-specificity MAP kinase kinases and similar proteins. (umbc.edu)
Inhibitor1
- Differences between murine arylamine N-acetyltransferase type 1 and human arylamine N-acetyltransferase type 2 defined by substrate specificity and inhibitor binding. (ox.ac.uk)
Determinants4
- Comparisons suggest Tyr-245 and Phe-297 are determinants of KshA1 specificity. (eltislab.com)
- Determinants of function and substrate specificity in human UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase. (medlineplus.gov)
- Despite the functional importance of the two classes of labdane-related diterpene synthases in initiating the biosynthesis of large numbers of natural products with both realized and potential medical significance, little is known about the enzymatic determinants underlying substrate and product specificity. (grantome.com)
- To characterize class II cyclization more basic mechanistic enzymology studies are proposed to identify the determinants for catalysis, as well as initial investigations of product specificity. (grantome.com)
Reaction7
- The substrate specificity of the ubiquinone cofactor (CoQ(n)) that is required for the oxidation of FMN in the second step of the reaction was also determined. (nih.gov)
- Effects on reaction and substrate specificity. (rcsb.org)
- no change in reaction specificity was observed. (rcsb.org)
- Creatine kinase and its relatives undergo large changes in structure to wrap around the substrates, eliminating water and the possibility of a wasteful side reaction. (ohsu.edu)
- Unlike the metabolism of glucose, which ordinarily depends on the activity of hexokinase with a wide substrate-specificity to carry out this reaction, substrate-specific galactokinase activity exclusively phosphorylates galactose. (medscape.com)
- If specific antibodies are present, they bind to the antigen, in the following steps they are labelled with conjugate and are detected by color reaction with a single component substrate. (testlinecd.com)
- The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of stop solution and the color turns yellow. (srgroupchemical.com)
Catalytic5
- The mammalian NatA complex is composed of the catalytic subunit Naa10p and auxiliary subunit Naa15p and prefers to acetylate the N-terminal end with a Ser substrate 15 , 16 . (nature.com)
- Comparison of the crystal structure of the complexed and uncomplexed forms of catalytic subunit Naa10p revealed that the substantial conformational change in the α1-loop-α2 region of Naa10p was driven by interacting with auxiliary subunit Naa15p, for a substrate preference from Glu to Ser 16 . (nature.com)
- Remarkably, the catalytic iron and α-helixes harboring its ligands were displaced up to 4.4 Å in the KshA5·substrate complexes as compared with substrate-free KshA, suggesting that Rieske oxygenases may have a dynamic nature similar to cytochrome P 450. (eltislab.com)
- Although the structural basis of catalytic mechanism, substrate specificity and rational drug design has been identified for numerous protease families, there has been no structural description of the S28 family of proteases that form a distinct branch of the serine carboxypeptidase clan. (biomedcentral.com)
- A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts. (bvsalud.org)
Characterization1
- 3 'Characterization of an Interaction between Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 and the Insulin Receptor by Using the Two-Hybrid System' Mol.Cell.Biol. (rcsb.org)
Mechanism4
- However, the detailed mechanism of substrate recognition and catalysis for Nat complexes is unclear. (nature.com)
- Little is known about the molecular mechanism of signal biosynthesis, the basis for substrate specificity, or the rationale for donor specificity for any LuxI member. (boisestate.edu)
- A structure-based alignment with the previously undescribed structure of DPP7 illuminates the mechanism of orthogonal substrate specificity of PRCP and DPP7. (biomedcentral.com)
- Structures of phi29 DNA polymerase complexed with substrate: the mechanism of translocation in B-family polymerases. (neb.com)
Structural3
- The results define the structure of the S28 family of proteases, provide the structural basis of PRCP and DPP7 substrate specificity and enable the rational design of selective PRCP modulators. (biomedcentral.com)
- Comparison with the recently released coordinates of DPP7 illuminates the structural basis for the different substrate specificities of PRCP and DPP7. (biomedcentral.com)
- WRAP-structural-basis-substrate-specificity-nucleotide-sugar-lipid-Parker-2019.pdf - Published Version - Requires a PDF viewer. (warwick.ac.uk)
Molecular6
- These studies provide not only a molecular elucidation of substrate recognition and specificity for the NatA family, but also insight into how members of the NAT family distinguish between amino acids at the substrate N-terminus from the ancient monomeric archaeal Ard1. (nature.com)
- Molecular Basis for the Substrate Specificity of Quorum Signal Synthas" by Shi-Hui Dong, Nicole D. Frane et al. (boisestate.edu)
- The molecular weight of the purified cellulase was found to be 67 kDa by SDS-PAGE, had an optimal pH and temperature at 7.0 and 40 °C. According to substrate specificity, the purified cellulase had high specificity on CMC substrate which indicated it to be an endo-β-1,4-glucanase. (biomedcentral.com)
- By means of homology modeling molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations we have generated 3D structure models of hDAT in complex with substrate and inhibitors. (khas.edu.tr)
- W e are actively engaged in several lines of study related to these initial findings, including (i) identifying TA systems that protect against phage predation, (ii) elucidating the mechanisms by which phage infection triggers release or activation of toxins, (iii) determining the basis of phage specificity for individual TA systems, and (iv) investigating the molecular means by which toxins disrupt phage replication or development. (mit.edu)
- Returning to arginine kinase, the group reported, in the January issue of the Journal of Molecular Biology , a combination of x-ray crystallography and NMR Residual Dipolar Coupling measurements demonstrating that even without substrates, in solution, the enzyme exists as a dynamic equilibrium of the open and closed (substrate-bound) forms seen crystallographically. (ohsu.edu)
19731
- 1973. Substrate-specificity and toxicological significance of pyrethroid-hydrolyzing esterases of mouse liver microsomes. (cdc.gov)
Metabolism1
- The postprandial state is a dynamic period of metabolic trafficking, biosynthesis and oxidative metabolism of absorbed substrate, such as glucose, lipids, proteins and other dietary constituents. (cambridge.org)
Vitro4
- Alba possesses a Ser residue at the N-terminus and is the best protein substrate of SsArd1 in vitro . (nature.com)
- The in vitro nucleotide substrate specificity of POLRMT was studied in order to explore structure-activity relationships that can facilitate the identification of nontoxic NAIs. (bvsalud.org)
- The established in silico approach allowed the identification of promising substrate compounds that were subsequently analyzed for their efficiency in inhibiting hDAT-dependent fluorescent substrate uptake through in vitro live cell imaging experiments. (khas.edu.tr)
- Taken together our work presents the first implementation of a combined in silico/in vitro approach enabling the selection of promising dopaminergic neuron-specific substrates. (khas.edu.tr)
Antibody4
- In this video, we demonstrate how our proprietary surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates enhance Raman signal to detect antibody samples from SARS-CoV-1 and -2 proteins. (oceaninsight.com)
- After washing and blocking with PBST+5% BSA, detection was performed using Human Anti-Nivolumab Antibody, clone AbD30255 (HCA299) at a concentration of 2 μg/ml and an HRP labeled anti-DYKDDDDK tag antibody in HISPEC Assay Diluent ( BUF049A ) followed by QuantaBlu Fluorogenic Peroxidase Substrate. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- After washing and blocking with PBST+5% BSA, detection was performed using Human Anti-Nivolumab Antibody, clone AbD30255 (HCA299) titrated to the given concentrations in PBST followed by an HRP labeled anti-DYKDDDDK tag antibody in HISPEC Assay Diluent ( BUF049A ) and QuantaBlu Fluorogenic Peroxidase Substrate. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- Detection was performed using HRP conjugated Human Anti-Nivolumab Antibody ( HCA301 ) at a concentration of 2 µg/ml in HISPEC Assay Diluent ( BUF049A ) and QuantaBlu Fluorogenic Peroxidase Substrate. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
Peptides3
- A strategy for last-step 18 F fluorination of bioconjugated peptides is reported that exploits an "Achilles heel" in the substrate specificity of the fluorinase enzyme. (elsevier.com)
- abstract = "A strategy for last-step 18F fluorination of bioconjugated peptides is reported that exploits an {"}Achilles heel{"} in the substrate specificity of the fluorinase enzyme. (elsevier.com)
- Substrate peptides that lism (4). (cdc.gov)
COMPLEXES1
- Using reconstituted exosome complexes, we show that 3' phosphate RNA is not a substrate for Rrp6 but is readily degraded by Rrp44 in the nuclear exosome. (cornell.edu)
Kinase4
- The results suggest that a modification of PKC alpha in situ limits its substrate specificity, and indicate an additional level of control of the kinase that may be a site for modulation of PKC-mediated signal transduction. (garvan.org.au)
- Graph Presented) Pick and choose: The identification of the substrate specificity of a protein kinase is critical in understanding its role and function in a cellular signal transduction network. (sookmyung.ac.kr)
- By building large, comprehensive mutant libraries and with deep-sequencing as a readout, we are generating maps of the sequence space that underlies the kinase-substrate interaction in two-component pathways. (mit.edu)
- The ability to rationally reprogram kinase and substrate specificity in two-component pathways is enabling new efforts in the design of synthetic signaling circuits in vivo. (mit.edu)
Subfamily1
- With the objective of improving the differentiation of enzyme specificities in a knowledge-based context, and to obtain new evolutionary insights, we present here a new, robust subfamily classification of family GH5. (biomedcentral.com)
Assay1
- Specificity This assay has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Complementation Group G (XPG). (biobool.com)
Conformational2
- On the other hand, the two domains were closed in substrate-bound form and the domain closure ratio was changed in response to the substrate size, suggesting that the conformational change upon binding to the substrate triggered the expression of pectin chemotaxis and assimilation. (nih.gov)
- This study first clarified that the solute-binding protein with dual functions recognized the substrate through flexible conformational changes in response to the substrate size. (nih.gov)
Nucleotide3
- Tissue and substrate specificity of inhibition by alkoxy-aryl-lactams of platelet and arterial smooth muscle cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases relationship to pharmacological activity. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- Nucleotide Substrate Specificity of Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Nucleoside Analogs for Human Mitochondrial RNA Polymerase. (bvsalud.org)
- This enzyme from an annelid worm was of interest because of its decreased substrate specificity, but when the structure of its nucleotide-bound complex was determined, it was intermediate between substrate-free and -bound structures of other members of the family. (ohsu.edu)
Mammalian1
- Instead, the Committee recommended further consultation in view of a forthcoming international meeting on the safety of biologicals prepared from mammalian cell substrates. (who.int)
Kinases3
- In this paper, we show that substrate specificity is primarily conferred on human mitotic cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) by their subcellular localization. (elsevier.com)
- We have shown that histidine kinases harbor an intrinsic ability to distinguish their cognate substrate from all possible non-cognate partners rather than relying on auxiliary factors like scaffolds. (mit.edu)
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell. (bvsalud.org)
Polymerase2
- DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) from rat brain, overexpressed in Escherichia coli, was used as a model to study the factors responsible for substrate specificity [kpol, Kd(app) and kpol/Kd(app)] and fidelity during DNA synthesis. (neb.com)
- Involvement of phage phi29 DNA polymerase and terminal protein subdomains in conferring specificity during initiation of protein-primed DNA replication. (neb.com)
Inhibition2
- Nuclear RNA Exosome at 3.1 Å Reveals Substrate Specificities, RNA Paths, and Allosteric Inhibition of Rrp44/Dis3. (cornell.edu)
- Unexpectedly, substrates such as 4-androstene-3,17-dione (ADD) and 4-BNC displayed strong substrate inhibition (KiS ∼100 μm). (eltislab.com)
Enzymatic1
- TMB substrate is utilized to measure the HRP enzymatic response. (eccscotland.com)
High-sensitivity2
- In this demo, learn how high-sensitivity SERS substrates can be used for rapid detection of COVID-19 and other virus antibodies. (oceaninsight.com)
- Human Transcriptional repressor protein YY1 (YY1) ELISA Kit has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Human YY1. (abbkine.com)
Cofactor1
- The metastability of human UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase (GALE) is increased by variants associated with type III galactosemia but decreased by substrate and cofactor binding. (medlineplus.gov)
Reagent1
- Following a wash to remove any unbound avidin-enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of YY1 bound in the initial step. (abbkine.com)
Mutants1
- Further enzyme activity assays revealed that the substrate specificity of SsArd1 could be altered from SSGTPT to MEEKVG by a range of Glu35 mutants. (nature.com)
Concentration2
- Different culture parameters such as pH, temperature, incubation period, substrate concentration and carbon sources were optimized for enzyme production. (biomedcentral.com)
- Gene polymorphisms influence protein concentration and substrate specificity, as do some occupational and lifestyle factors. (cdc.gov)
Pathways2
- This review covers the pathways involved in dNTP production, how they are dysregulated in cancer cells, and the various approaches that have been used to exploit this biology to improve the tumor specificity of oncolytic viruses. (frontiersin.org)
- To improve tumor specificity, researchers have modified a wide range of viruses to take advantage of dysregulated control pathways and altered signaling cascades characteristic of cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
Sequence1
- Although completely unrelated at the sequence level, bla VIM resembles bla IMP in being carried on an integron-borne mobile gene cassette and in encoding an enzyme (VIM-1) with broad substrate specificity (3) . (cdc.gov)
Amino3
- Nα-acetyltransferase (Nat) performs this modification and transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to an α-amino group from the first residue of the protein substrate. (nature.com)
- A model of the structure of the quinonoid enzyme substrate intermediate indicates that H140 might assist in the reprotonation of C alpha of the amino acid substrate from the re side of the deprotonated coenzyme-substrate adduct in competition with si-side reprotonation by K258. (rcsb.org)
- In contrast, the substrate binding groove of DPP7 is occluded by a short amino-acid insertion unique to DPP7 that creates a truncated active site selective for dipeptidyl proteolysis of N-terminal substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Human2
- Rat liver sections and the human epithelial cell line HEp-2 were compared as substrates for the detection of canine ANA using the indirect immunofluorescence (HF) technique. (slu.se)
- Only one of the ID subgroups showed identity with any of the well-defined and clinically important human ANA specificities, demonstrating anti-RNP reactivity. (slu.se)
ELISA1
- RÉSUMÉ L'objectif de cette étude réalisée en Iraq était de définir la sensibilité et la spécificité d'un test ELISA commercial pour la détection de l'antigène de Giardia lamblia dans les selles. (who.int)
Aromatic1
- But, it increases for aromatic substrates as the complexity of the ring increases. (scielo.org.mx)
Catalysis1
- However, the mechanisms of substrate recognition and catalysis of Nats are elusive. (nature.com)
Undergo1
- these excess substrates then undergo iron-facilitated spontaneous oxidization to photoactive porphyrins. (medscape.com)
Differences1
- These specificities are consistent with differences in the catabolism of cholesterol and bile acids, resp. (eltislab.com)
Contrast1
- By contrast, the KshA5 homolog had the highest apparent specificity for substrates with no C17 side chain (kcat/Km >105 s-1m-1 for 4-estrendione, 5α-androstandione, and testosterone). (eltislab.com)
Evolution1
- F inally, we also study the specificity and evolution of toxin-antitoxin systems. (mit.edu)
Glucose1
- Mineralization is higher, for both systems, when a mixture of glucose and hexadecane is used as substrate. (scielo.org.mx)