Styrene. Medical search

A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.

Derivatives and polymers of styrene. They are used in the manufacturing of synthetic rubber, plastics, and resins. Some of the polymers form the skeletal structures for ion exchange resin beads.

Analogs or derivatives of mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid).

Polymeric materials (usually organic) of large molecular weight which can be shaped by flow. Plastic usually refers to the final product with fillers, plasticizers, pigments, and stabilizers included (versus the resin, the homogeneous polymeric starting material). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS.

Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.

Polymerized forms of styrene used as a biocompatible material, especially in dentistry. They are thermoplastic and are used as insulators, for injection molding and casting, as sheets, plates, rods, rigid forms and beads.

Medical specialty concerned with the promotion and maintenance of the physical and mental health of employees in occupational settings.

An ethylene compound with two hydroxy groups (-OH) located on adjacent carbons. They are viscous and colorless liquids. Some are used as anesthetics or hypnotics. However, the class is best known for their use as a coolant or antifreeze.

The aggregate enterprise of manufacturing and technically producing chemicals. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Derivatives of phenylacetic acid. Included under this heading are a variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the benzeneacetic acid structure. Note that this class of compounds should not be confused with derivatives of phenyl acetate, which contain the PHENOL ester of ACETIC ACID.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

Large vessels propelled by power or sail used for transportation on rivers, seas, oceans, or other navigable waters. Boats are smaller vessels propelled by oars, paddles, sail, or power; they may or may not have a deck.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.

Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.

Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

An enzyme that utilizes NADH or NADPH to reduce FLAVINS. It is involved in a number of biological processes that require reduced flavin for their functions such as bacterial bioluminescence. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.8.1 and EC 1.5.1.29.

It is a form of protection provided by law. In the United States this protection is granted to authors of original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. (from Circular of the United States Copyright Office, 6/30/2008)

A group of adenine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each adenine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

The profession of writing. Also the identity of the writer as the creator of a literary production.

Property, such as patents, trademarks, and copyright, that results from creative effort. The Patent and Copyright Clause (Art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8) of the United States Constitution provides for promoting the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. (From Black's Law Dictionary, 5th ed, p1014)

Individual's rights to obtain and use information collected or generated by others.

4-carbon straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons substituted with two hydroxyl groups. The hydroxyl groups cannot be on the same carbon atom.

Substances and materials manufactured for use in various technologies and industries and for domestic use.

Formal voluntary or governmental procedures and standards required of hospitals and health or other facilities to improve operating efficiency, and for the protection of the consumer.

An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.

Substances intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions. Included in this definition are skin creams, lotions, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes, eye and facial makeup preparations, permanent waves, hair colors, toothpastes, and deodorants, as well as any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product. (U.S. Food & Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition Office of Cosmetics Fact Sheet (web page) Feb 1995)

Societies whose membership is limited to pharmacists.

The attitude of a significant portion of a population toward any given proposition, based upon a measurable amount of factual evidence, and involving some degree of reflection, analysis, and reasoning.

Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.

The decision process by which individuals, groups or institutions establish policies pertaining to plans, programs or procedures.

Derivatives of ethylene, a simple organic gas of biological origin with many industrial and biological use.

A generic grouping for dihydric alcohols with the hydroxy groups (-OH) located on different carbon atoms. They are viscous liquids with high boiling points for their molecular weights.

Polymers of organic acids and alcohols, with ester linkages--usually polyethylene terephthalate; can be cured into hard plastic, films or tapes, or fibers which can be woven into fabrics, meshes or velours.

Works about lists of drugs or collections of recipes, formulas, and prescriptions for the compounding of medicinal preparations. Formularies differ from PHARMACOPOEIAS in that they are less complete, lacking full descriptions of the drugs, their formulations, analytic composition, chemical properties, etc. In hospitals, formularies list all drugs commonly stocked in the hospital pharmacy.

Economic aspects of the fields of pharmacy and pharmacology as they apply to the development and study of medical economics in rational drug therapy and the impact of pharmaceuticals on the cost of medical care. Pharmaceutical economics also includes the economic considerations of the pharmaceutical care delivery system and in drug prescribing, particularly of cost-benefit values. (From J Res Pharm Econ 1989;1(1); PharmacoEcon 1992;1(1))

That segment of commercial enterprise devoted to the design, development, and manufacture of chemical products for use in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, disability, or other dysfunction, or to improve function.

Organizations representing specialized fields which are accepted as authoritative; may be non-governmental, university or an independent research organization, e.g., National Academy of Sciences, Brookings Institution, etc.

Regulations to assure protection of property and equipment.

An investigation of factors contributing to styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide exposures in the reinforced-plastics industry. (1/204)

During the manufacturing of reinforced plastics, large amounts of styrene and trace quantities of styrene-7,8-oxide (SO) are released. Since previous work suggests that inhalation of even small amounts of SO might be an important health risk, we investigated several possible factors contributing to styrene and SO exposure during the manufacture of reinforced plastics. Factors related to job type, worker and the type and quantity of styrene-containing resins were investigated using mixed-effects multiple linear regression models. Overall, SO exposure levels were positively correlated with styrene exposure levels. However, this correlation was statistically significant only among hand laminators who had the highest exposures to both styrene and SO. An important factor for predicting both styrene and SO concentrations was the type of resin used, while the quantity of resin consumed was predictive of styrene but not of SO exposure. Since So exposure appears to be associated with factors other than coexposure to styrene, more effort should be placed on investigating emissions of SO per se. The type of mixed-models regression analysis employed in this study can be used for clarifying the underlying patterns for exposures to styrene and SO as well as for evaluating preventive measures. (+info)

Objectives, designs and populations of the European Asclepios study on occupational hazards to male reproductive capability. (2/204)

The main objective of the Asclepios program was to examine occupational risk factors for the male reproductive system. The program focused on occupational exposure to fungicides (farmers, greenhouse workers, and vineyard workers), styrene (laminators in the reinforced plastics industry) and inorganic lead (battery workers, foundry workers, and lead smelters). Questionnaire studies of time to pregnancy were combined with longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of semen quality. The 8 data-collecting centers addressed 6553 male workers and contributed time-to-pregnancy values on the 3077 most recent pregnancies. Data collection was by interview or self-collection. The average response rate across all exposures and centers was 69.8%. The Asclepios project is the first international multicenter research project on environmental risks to male reproductive function. A protocol for epidemiologic research on occupational risk factors to the male reproductive system was developed, and links between epidemiologic and experimental units were established. The majority, but not all, of the studies was completed within the given time frame. (+info)

Characterization of hepatocellular resistance and susceptibility to styrene toxicity in B6C3F1 mice. (3/204)

Short-term inhalation exposure of B6C3F1 mice to styrene causes necrosis of centrilobular (CL) hepatocytes. However, in spite of continued exposure, the necrotic parenchyma is rapidly regenerated, indicating resistance by regenerated cells to styrene toxicity. These studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that resistance to repeated styrene exposure is due to sustained cell proliferation, with production of hepatocytes that have reduced metabolic capacity. Male mice were exposed to air or 500 ppm styrene (6 h/day); hepatotoxicity was evaluated by microscopic examination, serum liver enzyme levels, and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeling index (LI). Metabolism was assessed by measurement of blood styrene and styrene oxide. Both single and repeated exposures to styrene resulted in mortality by Day 2; in mice that survived, there was CL necrosis with elevated BrdU LI at Day 6, and complete restoration of the necrotic parenchyma by Day 15. The BrdU LI in mice given a single exposure had returned to control levels by Day 15. Re-exposure of these mice on Day 15 resulted in additional mortality and hepatocellular necrosis, indicating that regenerated CL cells were again susceptible to the cytolethal effect of styrene following a 14-day recovery. However, in mice repeatedly exposed to styrene for 14 days, the BrdU LI remained significantly increased on Day 15, with preferential labeling of CL hepatocytes with enlarged nuclei (karyomegaly). If repeated exposures were followed by a 10-day recovery period, CL karyomegaly persisted, but the BrdU LI returned to control level and CL hepatocytes became susceptible again to styrene toxicity as demonstrated by additional mortality and acute necrosis after a challenge exposure. These findings indicated a requirement for continued styrene exposure and DNA synthesis in order to maintain this resistant phenotype. Analyses of proliferating-cell nuclear-antigen (PCNA) labeling were conducted to further characterize the cell cycle kinetics of these hepatocytes. The proportion of cells in S-phase was increased by repeated exposure. However, PCNA analysis also revealed an even larger increase in the G1 cell compartment with repeated exposures, without a concurrent increase in G2 phase or in mitotic cell numbers. These data indicate that resistance to styrene-induced necrosis under conditions of repeated exposure is not due to sustained cell turnover and production of new, metabolically inactive cells, but rather is due to some other, as yet unknown, protective phenotype of the regenerated cells. (+info)

Mortality from nonmalignant diseases of the respiratory, genitourinary and nervous systems among workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastics and composites industry in the United States. (4/204)

OBJECTIVES: Mortality from diseases of the nervous system and nonmalignant diseases of the respiratory and genitourinary systems was examined for workers exposed to styrene. METHODS: Altogether 15,826 styrene-exposed workers in 30 plants in the reinforced plastics and composites industry were included. Vital status was ascertained through 31 December 1989. Individual exposure estimates were developed based on job functions, existing industrial hygiene data, process changes, engineering controls, work practices, and the use of personal protective equipment. Analyses were based on cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and the Cox proportional hazards model. Mortality data were analyzed by latency, duration of exposure, average exposure, cumulative exposure, and process category. RESULTS: For diseases of the nervous system, the SMR was 0.56 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.31-0.95]. Mortality from nonmalignant genitourinary diseases was not increased (SMR 0.87, 95% CI 0.46-1.50). Latency, duration of exposure, average exposure, cumulative exposure, and process category showed no association between styrene exposure and these 2 types of disease. A small increase in mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases was found (SMR 1.21, 95% CI 0.98-1.47), mainly due to "other nonmalignant respiratory diseases" (SMR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04-1.84). The highest increase occurred for short exposure duration (SMR 1.79 for <1 year's exposure) or low exposure (SMR 2.15 for <10 ppm-years); there were no increased risks in the high exposure categories. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed no association between styrene exposure and the diseases. CONCLUSIONS: No relationship was found between mortality from any of the diseases examined and any of the styrene exposure indices. The findings were compared with those reported in a European study of styrene-exposed workers. (+info)

Distribution and skewness of occupational exposure sets of measurements in the Norwegian industry. (5/204)

Aggregated occupational sets of exposure measurements from the Norwegian industry registered in the exposure database EXPO at The National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo were examined with respect to distributions and skewness. Data for lead in blood show a truncated almost normal distribution because of regulations for workers with high lead in blood concentrations. The styrene, dichloromethane and acetone measurements show quasi log-normal distributions possibly because of over-representation of worst-case measurements. The other personal and stationary measurements are relatively good fitted to a log-normal model. The stationary measurements indicate generally lower mean levels than the corresponding personal measurements. The statistical parameter skewness is valuable in connection with an exposure database as a distribution test for raw data and log-transformed data. (+info)

Metabolism of styrene by mouse and rat isolated lung cells. (6/204)

Styrene is pneumotoxic in mice. It is metabolized by pulmonary microsomes of both mouse and rat to styrene oxide (SO), presumed to be the toxic metabolite of styrene, and known to be genotoxic. To determine which pulmonary cell types are responsible for styrene metabolism, and which cytochromes P450 are associated with the bioactivation of styrene, we isolated enriched fractions of mouse and rat Clara and type II cells in order to determine the rate of styrene metabolism, with and without chemical inhibitors. Mouse Clara cells readily metabolized styrene to SO. Diethyldithiocarbamate, a CYP2E1 inhibitor, caused less inhibition of SO formation in Clara cells isolated from mice than previously found with pulmonary microsomes. As in microsomes, 5-phenyl-1-pentyne, a CYP2F2 inhibitor, inhibited the formation of both enantiomers. alpha-Naphthoflavone, a CYP1A inhibitor, did not inhibit SO formation in Clara cells. alpha-Methylbenzylaminobenzotriazole, a CYP2B inhibitor, exhibited minimal inhibition of SO production at 10 microM and less at 1 microM. The microsomal and isolated cell studies indicate that CYP2E1 and CYP2F2 are the primary cytochromes P450 involved in pulmonary styrene metabolism. Styrene metabolizing activity was much greater in Clara cells than in type II pneumocytes, which demonstrated essentially no activity. Styrene-metabolizing activity was several-fold higher in the mouse than in rat Clara cells. The more pneumotoxic and genotoxic form, R-SO, was preferentially formed in mice, and S-SO was preferentially formed in rats. These findings indicate the importance of Clara cells in styrene metabolism and suggest that differences in metabolism may be responsible for the greater susceptibility of the mouse to styrene-induced toxicity. (+info)

Site-directed mutagenesis of two zinc-binding centers of the NADH-dependent phenylacetaldehyde reductase from styrene-assimilating Corynebacterium sp. strain ST-10. (7/204)

Phenylacetaldehyde reductase (PAR) with a unique and wide substrate range from styrene-assimilating Corynebacterium sp. strain ST-10, which is a useful biocatalyst producing chiral alcohols, has been found to belong to a family of zinc-containing, long-chain alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) on the basis of the primary structure similarity. The enzyme contains 2 moles of zinc per mole of subunit. The amino acid residues assumed to be three catalytic and four structural zinc-binding ligands were characterized by site-directed mutagenesis, compared with other zinc-containing, long-chain ADHs. Sixteen PAR mutants gave measurable but rather low activities toward phenylacetaldehyde, n-hexyl aldehyde, and 2-heptanone, although they maintained the activities of 8 to 16% of that of wild-type PAR for an acetophenone substrate except that the D153N mutant showed quite low activity. The results suggested that the seven residues present in PAR were probably zinc-binding ligands, and mutation in these residues caused a change in activities for some substrates. (+info)

Physiological analysis of the expression of the styrene degradation gene cluster in Pseudomonas fluorescens ST. (8/204)

The effects of different carbon sources on expression of the styrene catabolism genes in Pseudomonas fluorescens ST were analyzed by using a promoter probe vector, pPR9TT, which contains transcription terminators upstream and downstream of the beta-galactosidase reporter system. Expression of the promoter of the stySR operon, which codes for the styrene two-component regulatory system, was found to be constitutive and not subject to catabolite repression. This was confirmed by the results of an analysis of the stySR transcript in P. fluorescens ST cells grown on different carbon sources. The promoter of the operon of the upper pathway, designated PstyA, was induced by styrene and repressed to different extents by organic acids or carbohydrates. In particular, cells grown on succinate or lactate in the presence of styrene started to exhibit beta-galactosidase activity during the mid-exponential growth phase, before the preferred carbon sources were depleted, indicating that there is a threshold succinate and lactate concentration which allows induction of styrene catabolic genes. In contrast, cells grown on glucose, acetate, or glutamate and styrene exhibited a diauxic growth curve, and beta-galactosidase activity was detected only after the end of the exponential growth phase. In each experiment the reliability of the reporter system constructed was verified by comparing the beta-galactosidase activity and the activity of the styrene monooxygenase encoded by the first gene of the styrene catabolic operon. (+info)

Styrene could be used to make the hydrocarbon polymer polystyrene. The Dow Physics Laboratory began working with styrene in ... Styrene was difficult to process. Reactions were highly sensitive to even small differences in temperature, and styrene was ... Her work on styrene led to major improvements in early plastics production and to the creation of synthetic substitutes for ... Styrene was important in creating synthetic substitutes for rubber, which were of great strategic importance in World War II. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvia_Stoesser

Galland, Hugh (25 May 2011). "POLY STYRENE". Vivelerock.net. Archived from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 23 August ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vegetarians

Poly Styrene (born Marianne Joan Elliott-Said), whose father was Somali, was a member of the punk rock band X-Ray Spex, and ... "Poly Styrene". The Daily Telegraph. 26 April 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011. "Hudeidi: The Somali 'king of oud' who was felled by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalis_in_the_United_Kingdom

Illustrative is the epoxidation of styrene with perbenzoic acid to styrene oxide: The reaction proceeds via what is commonly ... Harold Hibbert and Pauline Burt (1941). "Styrene Oxide". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, 1, p. 494 Paul D. Bartlett ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoxide

... and styrene. Gebel, T. (1997-11-28). "Arsenic and antimony: comparative approach on mechanistic toxicology". Chemico-Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust

Like other peroxyacids, it may be used to generate epoxides, such as styrene oxide from styrene: Nomenclature of Organic ... Harold Hibbert and Pauline Burt (1941). "Styrene Oxide". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, 1, p. 494 v t e. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxybenzoic_acid

0429". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). "alpha-Methyl styrene". Immediately Dangerous to Life or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Methylstyrene

"Stirol" means styrene. "Stirol" is located in Horlivka and used to employs 4,500 people. The plant became situated in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirol

Styrene) Fact Sheet: Support Document (CAS No. 100-42-5)" (PDF). EPA. December 1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 ... The EPA and International Agency for Research on Cancer reported limited evidence that styrene is carcinogenic for humans and ... "STYRENE (Group 2B)". INCHEM. 2002. Retrieved 8 January 2020. Styrofoamat Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrofoam

30 January 1988). "Tøffere tider for styrene". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 5. Steenstrup, Bjørn, ed. (1973). "Falck, Einar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einar_Falck

30 January 1988). "Tøffere tider for styrene". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 5. Stavrum, Gunnar. "Torvild Aakvaag". In Helle, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torvild_Aakvaag

Exposure to styrene gives phenylacetaldehyde as a secondary metabolite. Styrene has been implicated as reproductive toxicant, ... Wacker oxidation of styrene. Hofmann rearrangement of Cinnamamide (aka (2E)-3-Phenylacrylamide). Oxidation of Cyclooctatetraene ... Notable examples include: Isomerization of styrene oxide. Dehydrogenation of 2-Phenylethanol over silver or gold catalysts. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylacetaldehyde

30 January 1988). "Tøffere tider for styrene". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 5. "Svein Aaser trekker seg". Dagens Næringsliv ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leif_Frode_Onarheim

"Tar tilbake makta i styrene". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). p. 14. "Fakta om pengegavene til Senterpartiet" (in Norwegian). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeborg_Moen_Borgerud

They had invented styrene-butadiene, which was named Buna-S (S for styrene). Although the Goodrich Corporation had successfully ... High dosages may affect clarity of Styrene. In an internal mixer, natural rubber and/or styrene-butadiene rubber may be placed ... The most common form is styrene-butadiene copolymer, which is a commodity material for car tires. It is also used in block ... 1,3-butadiene is normally copolymerized with other types of monomers such as styrene and acrylonitrile to form rubbers or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybutadiene

"Punk Icon Poly Styrene Dies". ContactMusic.com. April 26, 2011. "Gobierno decreta dos días de duelo oficial por muerte de ... Poly Styrene, 53, British musician (X-Ray Spex), breast cancer. Gonzalo Rojas, 93, Chilean poet. Güven Sazak, 76, Turkish ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_in_April_2011

"Punk icon Poly Styrene dies". BBC News. 26 April 2011. She moved into a Krishna temple in Hertfordshire with her daughter, and ... Poly Styrene (real name Marion Elliot-Said), singer. Stuart Sutherland, British psychologist and writer. Matthew Sweet, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_with_bipolar_disorder

acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Miller, Dustin. "Microcellular Plastics Lab - University of Washington". faculty.washington.edu ... "Ultrasound assisted cyclic solid-state foaming for fabricating ultra-low density porous acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene foams ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcellular_plastic

Ortho-xylene in recycled styrene. Aromatics in hydrocarbons. Essential oil in alcohol-based essences. The bottle and the test ... doi:10.1021/ac60164a014 Roland P. Marquardt and E N. Luce (1944): "Determination of o-Xylene in Recycle Styrene", Industrial & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babcock_bottle

This enzyme participates in styrene degradation. * Kobayashi M, Yanaka N, Nagasawa T, Yamada H (1992). "Primary structure of an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliphatic_nitrilase

ABS Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, a plastic. ABSplus is a stronger, proprietary blend of ABS by Stratasys. PLA Polylactic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_3D_printed_weapons_and_parts

Norsikian, Stephanie; Marek, Ilane; Normant, Jean-F (1997-10-27). "Enantioselective Carbolithiation of β-Alkylated Styrene". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbometalation

This enzyme participates in styrene degradation. Kato Y, Nakamura K, Sakiyama H, Mayhew SG, Asano Y (2000). "Novel heme- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylacetaldoxime_dehydratase

1. Propagation rate coefficients for styrene". M Buback, RG Gilbert, RA Hutchinson, B Klumperman, F-D Kuchta, BG Manders, KF ... 1. Propagation rate coefficients for styrene". M Buback, RG Gilbert, RA Hutchinson, B Klumperman, F-D Kuchta, BG Manders, KF ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gilbert_(chemist)

Styrene Occurrence in Food Archived 2004-09-25 at archive.today karakas. "Answers to Common Questions About Styrene". ... while industry defenders argue that trace amounts of styrene are already naturally present in food.[unreliable source?] Styrene ... Styrene is considered by both the EPA and IARC to be a possible carcinogen. It poses a health risk to workers involved in the ... It is debated whether styrene may migrate into food which is stored in foam food containers for even a short time. Some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foam_food_container

Poly Styrene died of spinal and breast cancer on 25 April 2011 in East Sussex, England at the age of 53. Styrene is the subject ... Bell and Howe have also co-authored a biography about Styrene. The book entitled Day Glo: The Poly Styrene Story was released ... "X-Ray Spex's Poly Styrene dies of cancer". NME. Retrieved 26 April 2011. "Poly Styrene, X-Ray Spex frontwoman and punk icon, ... "X-Ray Spex singer Poly Styrene dies at 53 - USATODAY.com". "My secret life: Poly Styrene, Singer, 51". 19 April 2008. "Punk ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Ray_Spex

Bogdanova, O; Belomestnykh, I; Voikina, N; Balandindec, A (1967). "The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene". ... Bogdanova, O; Shcheglova, A; Balandin, A; Belomestnykh, I (1962). "Catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene". ... Belomestnykh developed a way to produce styrene (vinylbenzene) and its homologues through the oxidative decomposition of alkyl- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olga_Bogdanova

This enzyme participates in styrene degradation. It employs one cofactor, FAD. Van Berkel WJ, Van Den Tweel WJ (1991). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-hydroxyphenylacetate_6-hydroxylase

A representative reaction is the conversion of styrene and ethylene to 3-phenybutene: PhCH=CH2 + CH2=CH2 → CH3-CH(Ph)-CH=CH2. ... Grutters, M. M. P.; Muller, C.; Vogt, D. (2006). "Highly Selective Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrovinylation of Styrene". J. Am. Chem. ... Hilt, G.; Danz, M.; Treutwein, J. (2009). "Cobalt-Catalyzed 1,4-Hydrovinylation of Styrenes and 1-Aryl-1,3-butadienes". Org. ... Ho, C.-Y.; He, L. (2010). "Catalytic Intermolecular Tail-to-Tail Hydroalkenylation of Styrenes with alpha-Olefins: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrovinylation

... styrene/butadiene co-polymer (SBR), nitrile rubber, styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) and ethylene-vinyl ... as in the styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer shown at right. The polymer is known as Kraton and is used for shoe soles ... Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene is a common example. Copolymers section of Polymer article Thermoplastic elastomer Tholin ... For example, in the free-radical copolymerization of styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, r1 = 0.097 and r2 = 0.001, so that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copolymer

A styrene monooxygenase (SMO; EC 1.14.14.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction styrene + FADH2 + O2 ↔ (S)-2- ... The product 2-phenyloxirane is also known as styrene oxide and can be converted by a styrene oxide isomerase (SOI) to obtain ... So far all styrene monooxygenases perform enantioselective epoxidations of styrene and chemically analogous compounds, which ... Microbial degradation of styrene: biochemistry, molecular genetics, and perspectives for biotechnological applications. Appl. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrene_monooxygenase

Breathing high levels of styrene may cause changes in color vision, tiredness, feeling drunk, slowed reaction time, ... Hearing loss has been observed in animals exposed to very high concentrations of styrene. ... Styrene (C₆H₅CH=CH₂) is a colorless liquid that evaporates easily and has a sweet smell. ... Styrene (C₆H₅CH=CH₂) is a colorless liquid that evaporates easily and has a sweet smell. Breathing high levels of styrene may ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/styrene/default.html

http://www.nme.com/artists/poly-styrene

Breathing styrene is most likely to affect the nervous system. Styrene has been found in at least 213 of 1,416 National ... People who work where styrene is used or manufactured are likely to be exposed by breathing workplace air. ... Exposure to styrene is most likely to occur from breathing indoor air that is contaminated with styrene vapors from building ... What happens to styrene when it enters the environment?. * Styrene can be found in air, water, and soil after release from the ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=420&toxid=74

Styrene. CAS No: 100-42-5. NOTE:. (1) Efficacy of Medical Tests has not been evaluated.. (2) NIOSH references include ... Styrene. Editor(s). /Author(s). Specific Medical Test(s) or Examination(s). Reference(s). ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-110/nmed0214.html

Toxicological profile for Styrene. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxProfiles/ToxProfiles.aspx?id=421&tid=74

STYRENE OXIDE. ICSC. : 1201. (Epoxyethyl)benzene. 1,2-Epoxyethylbenzene. Styrene-7,8-oxide. Phenylethylene oxide. Phenyl ...

https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1201&p_version=1&p_lang=en

Toyo Styrene will purify the styrene monomer oil produced from the technology into a high purified styrene monomer using their ... About Toyo Styrene. Toyo Styrene was established in April 1999 as a company of consolidated polystyrene business carved out ... The site technology license agreement enables Toyo Styrene to deploy the Agilyx technology near Toyo Styrenes facility in the ... announces the licensing of its technology to Toyo Styrene Co., LTD (Toyo Styrene), an affiliate of Denka Company Limited. ...

https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/toyo-styrene-licenses-agilyx-technology-in-japan-301039807.html?tc=eml_cleartime

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=styrenes&oldid=46843750" ...

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/styrenes

... monomer; Vinylbenzen; Annamene; NSC 62785; ethenylbenzene (styrene); Vinylbenzene (styrene) ... Nesterova, T.N.; Kovzel, E.N.; Karaseva, S.Ya.; Rozhnov, A.M., Heats of reaction of the hydrohalogenation of styrene and «alpha ... Ghosh, J.C.; Ram Das Guha, S.; Roy, A.N., Chemical equilibrium in styrene formation from ethyl-benzene at low pressures, Curr. ... Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of formation and combustion of 1,3-butadiene and styrene, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 34, 59-63. [all ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C100425&Units=CAL&Mask=1A8F

... monomer; Vinylbenzen; Annamene; NSC 62785; ethenylbenzene (styrene); Vinylbenzene (styrene) ... Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of formation and combustion of 1,3-butadiene and styrene, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 34, 59-63. [all ... Warfield, R.W.; Petree, M.C., Thermodynamic properties of polystyrene and styrene, J. Polymer Sci., 1961, 55, 497-505. [all ... Guttman, L.; Westrum, E.F.; Pitzer, K.S., The Thermodynamics of Styrene (Phenylethylene) Including the Equilibrium Formation ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C100425&Units=CAL&Mask=4

... styrene-butadiene latex, SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene), S-EB-S (styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene), styrene-divinylbenzene (S- ... Styrene is largely metabolized into styrene oxide in humans, resulting from oxidation by cytochrome P450. Styrene oxide is ... and styrene might be vinylbenzene. However, the styrene that was obtained from cinnamic acid seemed different from the styrene ... Styrene is also co-produced commercially in a process known as POSM (Lyondell Chemical Company) or SM/PO (Shell) for styrene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrene

Styrene is primarily a synthetic chemical that is used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, rubber, and resins. It is ... Exposures to styrene are addressed in specific OSHA standards for general industry and construction. ... Many workers, including those who make boats, tubs, and showers, are potentially exposed to styrene. Health effects from ... Provides references that aid in recognizing occupational hazards and health effects associated with styrene. ...

https://www.osha.gov/styrene

Legendary punk rocker Poly Styrene is getting a retrospective at 198 Gallery, as well as a whole days worth of events devoted ... Legendary punk rocker Poly Styrene is getting a retrospective at 198 Gallery, as well as a whole days worth of events devoted ...

https://www.timeout.com/london/things-to-do/poly-styrene-weekender

About BUTYLENE/ ETHYLENE/ STYRENE COPOLYMER: Butylene/Ethylene/Styrene Copolymer is a polymer of butylene, ethylene and ...

http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredient/700865/BUTYLENE%3B%3B_ETHYLENE%3B%3B_STYRENE_COPOLYMER/

Stock analysis for Taiwan Styrene Monomer (1310:Taiwan) including stock price, stock chart, company news, key statistics, ... About Taiwan Styrene Monomer. Taiwan Styrene Monomer Corporation manufactures styrene monomer which is an ingredient of ... Through its subsidiaries, Taiwan Styrene Monomer also sells LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays).. Address. 8/F-1, 6 Roosevelt Road ...

https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/1310:TT

Subtotal for Parent Styrene Information & Research Center: $0 Styrene Information & Research Center Lobbying by Industry. ... Itemized Lobbying Expenses for Styrene Information & Research Center. Firms Hired. Total Reported by Filer. Reported Contract ...

http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?id=D000057259&year=2006

from Poly Styrenes Generation Indigo (Future Noise Music). Liner notes: Powered by a pumping dance groove, Poly Styrene sings ... Music: Poly Styrene, Daniel Knox, and More. What Im listening to this month.. Jon YoungMay/June 2011 Issue ... After joining the Hare Krishnas in the 80s and briefly reuniting X-Ray Spex in the 90s, Styrene sets social commentary to a ... Reviewed: new music from Poly Styrene, Gary Lucas & Gods and Monsters, and Daniel Knox. ...

https://www.motherjones.com/media/2011/08/music-poly-styrene-daniel-knox/

... but now a registry study of more than 72,000 employees from more than 400 companies that have been exposed to styrene during ... the styrene, a high volume plastics chemical and animal carcinogen, was the focal point in a poison scandal in the Danish ... Limited evidence that styrene causes cancer In 2011, the styrene, a high volume plastics chemical and animal carcinogen, was ... Limited evidence that styrene causes cancer. Aarhus University. Journal. Epidemiology. Funder. Danish Working Environment ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-02/au-let021417.php

Styrene is a type of volatile organic compound (VOC) that is highly flammable and evaporates easily., , , , Styrene is widely ... Styrene is used in the manufacturing of products such as tires, hoses, tan... ... reports that approximately 90,000 workers are potentially exposed to styrene. ... Styrene is a type of volatile organic compound (VOC) that is highly flammable and evaporates easily.. Styrene is widely used to ...

https://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=205591

The $11.2 million project includes $8 million for two new storage tanks that can hold a 30-day supply of styrene for ... bolstered its railroad service and completed a styrene monomer storage project at its Belpre, Ohio, polystyrene manufacturing ...

https://www.plasticsnews.com/article/19961118/NEWS/311189970/huntsman-completes-ohio-styrene-project

EWGs Skin Deep® database gives you practical solutions to protect yourself and your family from everyday exposures to chemicals in personal care products.

https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/browse/ingredients/700865/?comp_id=383&page=4

Get free shipping on qualified Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Plumbing Parts or Buy Online Pick Up in Store today in the ...

https://www.homedepot.com/b/Plumbing-Plumbing-Parts/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene-

... and the pharmacokinetic modeling of styrene and styrene oxide respiratory-tract dosimetry. He has published over 25 such ... for styrene (STY) and styrene oxide (SO) (The Toxicologist. 30:148 1996).. ... CDC/ATSDRs Response to Reviewers Comments: Styrene Formal Disposition pdf icon[PDF - 62 KB] [PDF - 25 KB] ... He is a well-known expert in the toxicity and oncogenicity of styrene, having authored and co-authored numerous research papers ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/sites/peer_review/tox_profile_styrene.html

A top federal regulator has accepted a voluntary industry plan to limit workplace exposure to the monomer styrene to 50 parts ... We went to OSHA, prior to rule making, with data on styrene and styrene emissions, said Stephen McNally, director of ... Currently, OSHA does not regulate styrene as a carcinogen. Under this solution, styrene would continue to be regulated on the ... The list omitted styrene. ``The last thing we wanted was a long and protracted assessment, McNally said. ``We demonstrated we ...

https://www.plasticsnews.com/article/19960311/NEWS/303119985/styrene-industry-beats-osha-to-punch

Styrene analytical standard; CAS Number: 100-42-5; EC Number: 202-851-5; Synonyms: Phenylethylene,Vinylbenzene; Linear Formula ... All samples were found to contain styrene monomer (SM), styrene dimers (SD). ... ... Styrene has been used as an analytical standard for the analysis of volatile metabolic profile along in vitro differentiation ... Regional distribution of styrene analogues generated from polystyrene degradation along the coastlines of the North-East ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sial/45993

Styrene oxide 97%; CAS Number: 96-09-3; EC Number: 202-476-7; Synonym: 1,2-Epoxyethylbenzene, Phenylethylene oxide, ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/s5006?lang=en®ion=US

Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice ...

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https://www.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1747/7/3/3

The facility will focus on recycling post-use polystyrene back to styrene monomer. (prnewswire.com)
I am pleased with announcing the License Agreement with Agilyx which has the unique pyrolysis technology for used polystyrene into styrene monomer,' stated Sanshiro Matsushita , President of Toyo Styrene. (prnewswire.com)
Toyo Styrene will purify the styrene monomer oil produced from the technology into a high purified styrene monomer using their proprietary purification technology. (prnewswire.com)
The manufacture of styrene through depolymerization of post-use polystyrene has a lower carbon footprint as compared to virgin styrene monomer. (prnewswire.com)
The company has developed the first commercial system capable of recycling polystyrene waste into styrene monomer, which is then used to remake new polystyrene products. (prnewswire.com)
Styrene is also co-produced commercially in a process known as POSM (Lyondell Chemical Company) or SM/PO (Shell) for styrene monomer / propylene oxide. (wikipedia.org)
Taiwan Styrene Monomer Corporation manufactures styrene monomer which is an ingredient of polystyrene. (bloomberg.com)
Through its subsidiaries, Taiwan Styrene Monomer also sells LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays). (bloomberg.com)
SALT LAKE CITY - Huntsman Corp. bolstered its railroad service and completed a styrene monomer storage project at its Belpre, Ohio, polystyrene manufacturing plant. (plasticsnews.com)
A top federal regulator has accepted a voluntary industry plan to limit workplace exposure to the monomer styrene to 50 parts per million. (plasticsnews.com)
Five styrene industry groups have about 16 months to make training and education available to those coming in contact with the monomer while using unsaturated polyester resins. (plasticsnews.com)
Styrene is used in polymer chemistry as a monomer . (wikipedia.org)
For one example, styrene has been mixed with another monomer called 1,3-butadiene to make a copolymer which is a kind of synthetic rubber . (wikipedia.org)
Taiwan Styrene Monomer Corp (台苯), which makes the polystyrene precursor and component of ABS thermoplastic resins, is expected to post a surge in operating profit in the second half of this year over the first half as prices for ethylene and benzene drop, Jih Sun Securities Investment Consulting Co (日盛投顧) said. (taipeitimes.com)
As a result, the gross margin for making styrene monomer would rise to between US$70 and US$120 per tonne on average from between US$50 to US$100 per tonne this quarter. (taipeitimes.com)
Taiwan Styrene Monomer has the capacity to make 350,000 tonnes of styrene monomer a year, and sales of the product accounted for 95.7 percent of its revenue of NT$21.76 billion last year, Chan said. (taipeitimes.com)
In terms of net profit, Taiwan Styrene Monomer could register NT$222 million next quarter and NT$168 million in the fourth quarter this year, Chan said. (taipeitimes.com)
Taiwan Styrene Monomer plans to sell 25 million shares of Taiwan Wax Co (台蠟) this quarter, generating non-operating profit of NT$200 million to NT$250 million, Chan said. (taipeitimes.com)
The demand for styrene monomer was low in China last quarter because of the Lunar New Year holidays," Chan said. (taipeitimes.com)
The severe weather condition in the US last quarter also dragged down the demand for styrene monomer, Chan added. (taipeitimes.com)
Throughout this year, the company is likely to report profit of NT$759 million, or NT$1.51 per share, which is still lower than NT$1.09 billion, or NT$2.16 per share, last year, when the company swing to the black on the back of larger margin for styrene monomer. (taipeitimes.com)
5.1 This test method can be used for determining polymer concentrations in styrene monomer. (astm.org)
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the polymer content of styrene monomer. (astm.org)
1.2 Test Method A, which is based on the use of a spectrophotometer or photometer, is intended for the quantitative determination of the polymer content of styrene monomer in concentrations up to 15 mg/kg. (astm.org)
The styrene monomer has the ability to form a radical molecule quite easily which is why it may be linked to carcinogenic effects. (saferchemicals.org)
Numerous peer-reviewed scientific journal articles report on research that has documented the migration of free styrene (the monomer) from polystyrene plastic (the polymer). (saferchemicals.org)
Some or most of the styrene may come from unreacted styrene present as a free monomer residual in the polystyrene plastic. (saferchemicals.org)
This authoritative source, while citing the high workplace exposure to styrene that have led to conclusive evidence that it causes cancer, also states: "The presence of styrene in packaged foods is due primarily to leaching of monomer from polystyrene containers (Howard 1989, ATSDR 2010). (saferchemicals.org)
The rate of migration of styrene monomer from polystyrene containers is determined mainly by the lipophilicity of the food, surface area of the container per volume of food, duration of contact, and food temperature (ATSDR 2010, Lickly et al. (saferchemicals.org)
Although polystyrene has many beneficial commercial applications, the styrene monomer is a classified mutagen and a suspected carcinogen. (ethz.ch)
4.3 Occupationally exposed populations Occupational exposure to styrene occurs during monomer manufacture, transportation, and polymerization. (intox.org)
Styrene Production Styrene is the monomer used to make polystyrene, which has a multitude of uses, the most common of which are in packaging and insulated, styrofoam beverage cups. (diobeth.org)
Ethylbenzene is formed by reacting ethylene and 2.1 Data of Styrene and Ethylbenzene Styrene, also known as phenylethylene, vinylbenzene, styrol, or cinnamene, C6H5-CH=CH2, is an impor-tant industrial unsaturated aromatic monomer. (diobeth.org)
During styrene production, controlling polymerization minimizes fouling and monomer loss and protects the unit during an emergency shutdown. (ecolab.com)
4-Diethanolaminomethyl styrene (DEAMSt) monomer was prepared by the modification of 4-chloromethyl styrene with diethanolamine. (hindawi.com)
The ATRP procedure of 4-chloromethyl styrene makes the addition of a new monomer to a polymer possible [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
The 4-chloromethyl styrene, which has functional structure as both a monomer and an initiator, yields partially branched and hyperbranched structures [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

In 1865, the German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer found that styrene could form a dimer, and in 1866 the French chemist Marcelin Berthelot stated that "metastyrol" was a polymer of styrene (i.e. polystyrene). (wikipedia.org)
Butylene/Ethylene/Styrene Copolymer is a polymer of butylene, ethylene and styrenemonomers terminated by hydrogenation. (ewg.org)
Styrene/maleic acid copolymers (SMA) have recently attracted great interest for in vitro studies of membrane proteins, as they self-insert into and fragment biological membranes to form polymer-bounded nanodiscs that provide a native-like lipid-bilayer environment. (nih.gov)
Styrene-acrylonitrile trimer (SAN Trimer), a mixture of six isomers (four isomers of 4-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-alpha-methyl-1-naphthaleneacetonitrile [THAN] and two isomers of 4-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthaleneproprionitrile [THNP]), is a by-product of a specific production process of styrene-acrylonitrile polymer. (rti.org)
Disclosed are a styrene-based resin composite material in which a layer composed mainly of a curable phosphazene compound is formed on the surface of a molding material of a styrene-based polymer having a mainly syndiotactic configuration or a composition thereof, and also a magnetic recording medium. (google.es)
1. A magnetic recording medium which comprises a support of a styrene-based polymer having a syndiotactic configuration or a composition thereof, a magnetic layer containing a curable phosphazene compound as a binder formed on the support and a lubricating layer containing a curable phosphazene compound formed on the support at the opposite side of the magnetic layer. (google.es)
SBR latex is a kind of high-polymer dispersion emulsion polymerized by butadiene, and styrene, etc. through advanced techniques. (eceurope.com)
The polystyrene-based terpyridine polymer was prepared from 4-chloromethyl styrene [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

For another example, styrene is mixed with acrylonitrile and 1,3-butadiene to make a copolymer plastic called ABS ( A crylonitrile- B utadiene- S tyrene). (wikipedia.org)
The morphological parameters of HIPS, prepared by styrene copolymerization with polybutadiene in the presence of a mixture of initiators, were studied side by side with the effects of molecular weight characteristics of the polystyrene matrix and grafted copolymer. (springer.com)
It is a copolymer made by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene . (wikidoc.org)
In this context, series copolymer systems containing methyl methacrylate (MMA) and DEAMSt synthesized by the modification of 4-chloromethyl styrene with diethanolamine were prepared by free radical polymerization. (hindawi.com)

Other names for styrene can be styrol , vinylbenzene , phenylethene , or phenylethylene . (wikipedia.org)

Workers may be harmed from exposure to styrene. (cdc.gov)
The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to styrene. (cdc.gov)
NIOSH Criteria Documents: Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Styrene -DHHS (NIOSH) No. 83-119 Presents a standard to prevent the adverse effects of exposure to styrene over a working lifetime. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to styrene is most likely to occur from breathing indoor air that is contaminated with styrene vapors from building materials, tobacco smoke, and use of copying machines. (cdc.gov)
There are no studies evaluating the effects of styrene exposure on children or immature animals. (cdc.gov)
How can families reduce the risk of exposure to styrene? (cdc.gov)
Health effects from exposure to styrene may involve the central nervous system and include complaints of headache, fatigue, dizziness, confusion, drowsiness, malaise, difficulty in concentrating, and a feeling of intoxication. (osha.gov)
This knowledge and the proper use of personal protective equipment can be instrumental in reducing exposure risks to styrene and a wide range of other potential workplace hazards. (webwire.com)
Dr. Leavens' doctoral research involved physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of the metabolic interactions of 1,3-butadiene and styrene, and assessment of alterations in genotoxic response of male mice following inhalation exposure to mixtures of both compounds. (cdc.gov)
Between 1988-1989, industry spent more than $1 million to obtain a 50-ppm permissible exposure level for styrene in the OSHA rule making, according to McNally. (plasticsnews.com)
A comprehensive evaluation of the potential health risks associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were used to evaluate possible subclinical impairment of the nervous system in 36 rotogravure printers with severe exposure to toluene, 20 workers with severe exposure to styrene in a glass laminate manufacturing plant, and a comparison group of healthy subjects. (ilo.org)
Exposure was estimated by measurements of toluene and styrene in breathing zone air, hippuric acid in urine in the group exposed to toluene, and urinary mandelic acid in the group exposed to styrene. (ilo.org)
A trend toward increased frequency of abnormal SEPs with duration of exposure of toluene and styrene and alcohol abuse was found. (ilo.org)
Central SEP abnormalities in both exposed groups could indicate early signs of subclinical dysfunction at spinal and cortical levels and could be due to toluene or styrene exposure, probably potentiated by alcohol consumption in the group exposed to toluene. (ilo.org)
Parallel groups were also treated with 5% ethanol in the drinking water during the days of styrene exposure. (springer.com)
Decreased erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity after styrene exposure. (nih.gov)
Consistent with this finding, radioimmunoassay of the enzyme protein demonstrated reduction in the enzyme concentration by styrene exposure. (nih.gov)
These findings indicate that the styrene exposure-mediated decrease of ALA-D activity in erythrocytes was a reflection of reduction in the enzyme protein, which may have been the result of styrene 7,8-oxide action, and they suggest that a similar process may also be involved in the reduction of erythrocyte ALA-D in styrene-exposed workers. (nih.gov)
At least 13 people died from exposure to styrene leaked from this LG Chem plant in India. (acs.org)
endobj Health effects from exposure to styrene may involve the central nervous system and include complaints of headache, fatigue, dizziness, confusion, drowsiness… Do these Republican voters accept election result? (americans-world.org)
Exposure to larger amounts can result in the onset of "styrene sickness" which can include headaches, nausea, vomiting, weakness, tiredness, dizziness, confusion and clumsy or unsteady motion. (americans-world.org)
SUMMARY 2.1 Main risks and target organs The principal acute hazards from human exposure to styrene are central nervous system depression and irritation of the skin, eyes, and upper respiratory tract. (intox.org)
Neurobehavioral abnormalities have been related to chronic exposure to styrene. (intox.org)
2.2 Summary of clinical effects Irritation of skin and mucous membranes: eye and nasal irritation occurred after exposure to 300 ppm of styrene. (intox.org)
The exposure to styrene may be detected by determining the urinary styrene etabolites. (intox.org)
4.2 High risk circumstance of poisoning The most likely circumstance of poisoning consists of the inhalation of vapours of styrene, although skin exposure may occur. (intox.org)
Acute (short-term) exposure to styrene in humans results in mucous membrane and eye irritation, and gastrointestinal effects. (diobeth.org)

Ethane, along with ethylbenzene, is fed to a dehydrogenation reactor with a catalyst capable of simultaneously producing styrene and ethylene. (wikipedia.org)
The report covers integrated styrene production, using naphtha and benzene feedstocks, and standalone (or non-integrated) styrene production, from ethylene and benzene feedstocks. (prnewswire.co.uk)
and styrene monomers, derived from coal, are commercially obtained from benzene and ethylene from coal. (wikidoc.org)

Breathing contaminated workplace air or skin contact with liquid styrene and resins. (cdc.gov)
Styrene is primarily a synthetic chemical that is used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, rubber, and resins. (osha.gov)
The main styrene derivatives are polystyrene, synthetic rubbers and unsaturated polyester resins. (prnewswire.co.uk)
That perception alone has sometimes had enough impact to redirect current and potential customer interest toward matrix resins that don't incorporate styrene or cobalt. (compositesworld.com)
Styrene has been one of the workhorse ingredients in two of the composites industry's workhorse resins. (compositesworld.com)
No. 4,009,063, the lining is totally impregnated with resins containing styrene, and this or other contaminants have been released to the atmosphere during the lining process. (freepatentsonline.com)
This research report categorizes the styrene market by type including polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, SAN (Styrene Acrylonitrile), SBL (Styrene Butadiene Latex), SBR (Styrene-butadiene rubber), unsaturated polyester (UP), resins and others. (bccresearch.com)
The resin meets the desired appearance and processing times of standard styrene-based resins, while reducing styrene emissions by 30%, and is more cost-competitive than styrene- free systems as well. (compositesworld.com)
Long favored for their processing characteristics, mechanical properties and relatively low cost, styrene-based resins, such as unsaturated polyesters, have been the go-to, workhorse polymers for composites fabricators who make products for the marine, spa, sports board and a host of other industries. (compositesworld.com)
In anticipation of increasingly more stringent regulations, however (see "Styrene regulatory update," p. 43), resin formulators have developed fully commercial lines of styrene-free resins. (compositesworld.com)
H164 can be used with all types of open-molding equipment and, as such, can be considered a drop-in replacement for styrene- based resins, with one caveat: Like other styrene-free products, H164 can remain tackier longer and require more time to fully cure, a process carried out at room temperature. (compositesworld.com)
AOC also manufactures several grades of styrene-free resins for composite cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) applications, including an isophthalic grade, EcoTek L704-FAHG-VT. (compositesworld.com)
Styrene 100-42-5 Hazard Summary Styrene is primarily used in the production of polystyrene plastics and resins. (diobeth.org)

PORTLAND, Ore. , April 15, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Agilyx Corporation ('Agilyx'), the leader in chemical recycling of post-use plastics back into polymers, chemicals, and low carbon fuels, announces the licensing of its technology to Toyo Styrene Co., LTD ('Toyo Styrene'), an affiliate of Denka Company Limited. (prnewswire.com)
Styrene can also bond with other kinds of monomers to make other kinds of polymers called copolymers . (wikipedia.org)
endobj 4 0 obj The styrene gas that leaked from LG Polymers which has killed at least seven people and created panic in several areas of Visakhapatnam leading to fleeing of homes in the vicinity of the plant … Styrene is a colourless or light yellow, flammable liquid, which has a sweet odour. (americans-world.org)
The advantage of ABS is that this material combines the strength and rigidity of the acrylonitrile and styrene polymers with the toughness of the polybutadiene rubber. (wikidoc.org)
In particular, because the amine-modified 4-chloromethyl styrene polymers have the ability to retain moisture, CO 2 , acidic substances, and metal ions, so much work has been done on this subject [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Before the universal the nomenclature system was introduced in organic chemistry, major polymers were given a name, STYRENE being one of them (e.g.polystyrene). (soul-source.co.uk)
Styrene Polymers Report by Material, Application, and Geography Global Forecast to 2022 is a professional and in-depth research report on the worlds major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, united Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China). (aarkstore.com)

Another route to styrene involves the reaction of benzene and ethane. (wikipedia.org)
The process attempts to overcome previous shortcomings in earlier attempts to develop production of styrene from ethane and benzene, such as inefficient recovery of aromatics, production of high levels of heavies and tars, and inefficient separation of hydrogen and ethane. (wikipedia.org)
This benzene ring makes styrene an aromatic compound. (wikipedia.org)
With the increased benzene costs putting pressure on margins, producers are seeking higher styrene prices. (prnewswire.co.uk)
Some sources have even suggested that, in the midst of poor styrene demand, styrene producers may try to sell benzene to capitalise on the high benzene prices. (prnewswire.co.uk)

Approximately 25 million tonnes of styrene were produced in 2010, increasing to around 35 million tonnes by 2018. (wikipedia.org)
The recently published report titled Global Styrene-based TPE Industry 2018 Market Research Report is an in depth study providing complete analysis of the industry for the period 2018 - 2025. (mynewsdesk.com)
The Global Styrene-based TPE Industry Report 2018 is an in depth study analyzing the current state of the Global Styrene-based TPE market. (mynewsdesk.com)
The global market for styrene manufacturing should grow from $75.4 billion in 2018 to $86.8 billion by 2023, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.8% for the period of 2018-2023. (bccresearch.com)
The global acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of REDACTED% during the forecast period.It is expected that the market will generate a revenue of $REDACTED million by 2023 ascompared to $REDACTED million in 2018. (reportlinker.com)

The product 2-phenyloxirane is also known as styrene oxide and can be converted by a styrene oxide isomerase (SOI) to obtain phenylacetaldehyde, which can be transformed into the key-intermediate phenylacetic acid by a phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (PAD). (wikipedia.org)
They had also determined that Simon's "styrol oxide" - which they renamed "metastyrol" - had the same empirical formula as styrene. (wikipedia.org)
He is a well-known expert in the toxicity and oncogenicity of styrene, having authored and co-authored numerous research papers on styrene inhalation, toxicity, metabolism, ecotoxicology, and the pharmacokinetic modeling of styrene and styrene oxide respiratory-tract dosimetry. (cdc.gov)
Conti B, Maltoni C, Perino G, Ciliberti A (1988) Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on styrene administered by inhalation, ingestion and injection and styrene oxide administered by ingestion in Sprague-Dawley rats, and paramethylstyrene administered by ingestion in Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss mice. (springer.com)
In vitro studies showed that styrene 7,8-oxide, the major intermediate of styrene metabolism, decreased the activity of purified ALA-D but that styrene, the parent compound itself, had no inhibitory effect. (nih.gov)
The Global Styrene oxide Report-Market Size and Forecast 2020 gives a comprehensive account of the Global Styrene oxide Industry. (pitchengine.com)
Furthermore, this report features tables and figures that render a clear perspective of the Global Styrene oxide Industry. (pitchengine.com)
Furthermore, the details also gives the Global Styrene oxide Industry revenue and its forecasts. (pitchengine.com)
The business model strategies of the key firms in the Global Styrene oxide Industry are also included. (pitchengine.com)
The key emerging opportunities of the fastest growing Global Styrene oxide Industry segments are also covered in this report. (pitchengine.com)
The study on the Global Styrene oxide Industry also features a history of the tactical mergers, acquisitions, collaborations, and partnerships activity in the market. (pitchengine.com)
Valuable recommendations by senior analysts about investing strategically in research and development can help new entrants or established players penetrate the emerging sectors in the Global Styrene oxide Industry. (pitchengine.com)

In 1845, French chemist Emil Kopp suggested that the two compounds were identical, and in 1866, Erlenmeyer suggested that both "cinnamol" and styrene might be vinylbenzene. (wikipedia.org)

Breathing high levels of styrene may cause changes in color vision, tiredness, feeling drunk, slowed reaction time, concentration problems, or balance problems. (cdc.gov)
Ingesting low levels of styrene that occurs naturally in a variety of foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, beverages, and meats. (cdc.gov)
If you breathe high levels of styrene (more than 1000 times higher than levels normally found in the environment), you may experience nervous system effects such as changes in color vision, tiredness, feeling drunk, slowed reaction time, concentration problems, or balance problems. (cdc.gov)
Typically, CFA members use an open-mold process that exposes them to higher levels of styrene emission. (plasticsnews.com)

Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA) Market Size, Share, Growth. (mynewsdesk.com)
A two-armed macroinitiator was prepared by means of poly(St-co-4-chloromethyl styrene), and it had been copolymerized with isobornyl acrylate via ATRP [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

Workers in industries that use styrene can be exposed to it in the air or through skin contact with liquid styrene which can cause first-degree burns. (webwire.com)

Most of these products contain styrene linked together in a long chain (polystyrene) as well as unlinked styrene. (cdc.gov)
The SR plastics shall contain styrene plastics combined with rubber (polybutadiene or butadiene-styrene type, or both) and compounding materials such as antioxidants and lubricants, and may contain acrylonitrile. (astm.org)

Nalco Champion pioneered the technology for monitoring inhibitor residuals in the monomers production process, including styrene. (ecolab.com)
The 4-chloromethyl styrene is known as one of the important functional monomers. (hindawi.com)
Poly(St-co-4-chloromethyl styrene) is convenient to use as a macroinitiator for grafting the monomers such as ethyl methacrylate [ 6 ], styrene, and p-acetoxy styrene on the polystyrene chain [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

Nevertheless, in 2004, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) National Toxicology Program (NTP) received a recommendation from an anonymous source to reassess the health effects of styrene. (compositesworld.com)
Well there's a new development around the health effects of styrene, that's been hotly contested for years. (saferchemicals.org)

It is important to know for present and former workers exposed to styrene that they are unlikely to have become ill by doing their job, if they have developed cancer of the oesophagus, pancreas, lungs, kidneys, bladder or a wide range of other types of cancer. (eurekalert.org)
Prolonged latencies of peripheral and cortical SEPs were found in workers exposed to styrene. (ilo.org)

The Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) reports that approximately 90,000 workers are potentially exposed to styrene. (webwire.com)

The activity and concentration of erythrocyte ALA-D in workers chronically exposed to styrene were also depressed significantly. (nih.gov)

The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Toxicology Program (NTP) listed styrene as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" in the Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition, released on June 10, 2011. (cdc.gov)
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that styrene is a possible human carcinogen. (cdc.gov)
Styrene was listed as reasonably anticipated to be a carcinogen in the Thirteenth Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program. (webwire.com)
Currently, OSHA does not regulate styrene as a carcinogen. (plasticsnews.com)
The result was its decision, in June 2011, to list styrene in the 12th Report on Carcinogens ( RoC ), officially labeling it as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (compositesworld.com)
But the EU's Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical (REACH) substances program proposes that styrene should not be classified as a carcinogen at all. (compositesworld.com)
Just this week , the National Research Council (NRC) signed off on the National Toxicology Program's decision to list styrene as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" in its latest report on carcinogens. (saferchemicals.org)
The styrene industry has fought the designation as a "reasonably anticipated human carcinogen" and good government science for years. (saferchemicals.org)
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that Styrene is a possible carcinogen," according to CDC. (americans-world.org)
In 2008, the toxicology program proposed listing styrene as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" despite the fact that European Union regulators, a panel of internationally recognized epidemiologists and a Harvard Center for Risk Analysis study determined that styrene does not represent a human cancer concern, the styrene research center said. (tradeonlytoday.com)

Hearing loss has been observed in animals exposed to very high concentrations of styrene. (cdc.gov)
Changes in the lining of the nose and damage to the liver has also been observed in animals exposed to high concentrations of styrene, but animals may be more sensitive than humans to these effects. (cdc.gov)
She designed a whole-body, dynamic inhalation system to expose individual mice to gases and vapors, measured changes in uptake of styrene and butadiene and blood concentrations of reactive metabolites in mice exposed to mixtures of both chemicals, and measured changes in the genotoxicity of butadiene in mice exposed to mixtures of butadiene and styrene compared with mice exposed to butadiene alone. (cdc.gov)
Female C 57 BL/6× DBA/2 hybrid mice were exposed to two concentrations of styrene in inhalation chambers for 6 h/day, 5 days per week. (springer.com)

He called the liquid "styrol" (now styrene). (wikipedia.org)

Styrene is widely used to make plastics and rubber. (cdc.gov)
Typically, a styrene-acrylonitrile glassy phase is toughened by an amorphous butadiene/butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber phase. (matweb.com)
Asia-Pacific is the world's largest market of butadiene, which consumed more than half of the total global demand, and also for most of its derivatives that includes styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polybutadiene rubber (PBR), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and nitrile rubber (NR). Various countries in Asia-Pacific are ahead of them all to implement butadiene and its downstream derivatives in a diverse range of applications. (pitchengine.com)
ICIS offers trusted and reliable market intelligence for those buying or selling Styrene butadiene rubber or related products in the global Styrene butadiene rubber market. (icis.com)
This consultation paper is part of this formal process and covers all of the ICIS primary price points included in the styrene butadiene rubber weekly publications. (icis.com)
This is the ICIS pricing methodology for styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). (icis.com)
This is the ICIS Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Price Forecast Methodology. (icis.com)
Styrene Copolymerization with Rubber. (springer.com)
Our research on the microstructure of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) prepared by thermally initiated copolymerization of styrene with rubber (5) has shown that the microstructure can be changed up to high stages of polymerization. (springer.com)
Yenalyev V.D., Noskova N.A., Melnichenko V.I., Zhuravel Y.N., Bulatova V.M. (1980) Styrene Copolymerization with Rubber. (springer.com)
The 2019 Global Forecast for Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), latex (2020-2025 Outlook)-Manufacturing & Markets Report, published by Barnes Reports, contains timely and accurate market statistics and forecasts on the market for over 140 countries. (bccresearch.com)
When styrene is heated, exposed to light, or in the presence of a peroxide catalyst, it undergoes polymerization to form polystyrene, a versatile material used in the manufacture of plastics, synthetic rubber, thermal insulation, and packaging. (ethz.ch)
This specification covers the material, dimensional, and mechanical requirements, and the corresponding test methods for plain-end or bell-end styrene-rubber (SR) plastic drain pipes and fittings in 2 to 6 in. (astm.org)
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, impact resistance, load-deflection properties, dimensional stability, and joint tightness of plain-end or bell-end styrene-rubber (SR) plastic drain pipe and fittings in sizes 2 through 6 in. (astm.org)
China's demand for Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) has grown at a fast pace in the past decade. (marketpublishers.com)

The result is a long chain of polybutadiene criss-crossed with shorter chains of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile). (wikidoc.org)
The impact resistance can be amplified by increasing the proportions of polybutadiene in relation to styrene and acrylonitrile although this causes changes in other properties. (wikidoc.org)

This is energy intensive and is further complicated by the tendency of styrene to undergo thermally induced polymerisation into polystyrene, requiring the continuous addition of polymerization inhibitor to the system. (wikipedia.org)
ASA is manufactured by the introduction of grafted acrylic ester elastomer during co polymerization reaction between styrene and acrylonitrile.It is an alternative of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). (reportlinker.com)
Nalco Champion provides greatly improved polymerization control technology for the styrene industry through its innovative PRISM™ program. (ecolab.com)
Nalco Champion addresses styrene polymerization with customized programs specifically targeting areas of the plant where polymerization control is required. (ecolab.com)

This study found that styrene migrated from polystyrene cups into hot tea, hot milk and hot cocoa, with greater migration for high temperatures and fat content. (saferchemicals.org)

Styrene is the precursor to polystyrene and several copolymers. (wikipedia.org)
SMA copolymers are available in different styrene/maleic acid ratios and chain lengths and, thus, possess different charge densities, hydrophobicities, and solubilisation properties. (nih.gov)
Since 4-chloromethyl styrene carries an active halogen against the nucleophilic reactant, much work has been done on the modification on chloromethyl group of its homo- and copolymers. (hindawi.com)
Various graft copolymers have been synthesized by the modification of 4-chloromethyl styrene. (hindawi.com)

Legendary punk rocker Poly Styrene is getting a retrospective at 198 Gallery, as well as a whole day's worth of events devoted to her legacy. (timeout.com)
Reviewed: new music from Poly Styrene, Gary Lucas & Gods and Monsters, and Daniel Knox. (motherjones.com)
Powered by a pumping dance groove, Poly Styrene sings , "Threw the credit card away/Got out of the red and into the black/I'm looking to the future and I'm not looking back," in a pointed but good-natured essay on consumerism and pop culture. (motherjones.com)
A playlist of late X-Ray Spex singer Poly Styrene 's favourite tracks has been unveiled to mark what would have been her 54th birthday today (July 3) - click here to launch it . (nme.com)
The story of X-Ray-Spex frontwoman Poly Styrene, lovingly compiled by her daughter Celeste. (fredperry.com)
The unconventional lead singer of British punk band X-Ray-Spex, Poly Styrene was a singer songwriter, artist, and a postmodern style pioneer of the 1970s. (fredperry.com)
Featuring unseen archive material and rare diary entries, 'Poly Styrene: I Am a Cliché' is a documentary following Celeste's incredible journey. (fredperry.com)
The Poly Styrene Story' showcases the punk icon's art, handwritten lyrics and diary excerpts. (fredperry.com)
In 1979, she was the subject of a BBC Arena documentary titled Who is Poly Styrene? (fredperry.com)
The modifications of poly(4-chloromethyl styrene) were carried out using PS-imidazole, PS-diethanolamine, PS-piperazine, and PS-dimethylamine [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Poly Styrene , former front-woman of the seminal Brit femme-freak band X-ray Spex, will release her first album since a 2004 foray into New Age, Flower Aeroplane , in April. (thefader.com)

Plastruct Styrene Structural Shapes are precision-extruded in white styrene plastic. (dickblick.com)

Regional distribution of styrene analogues generated from polystyrene degradation along the coastlines of the North-East Pacific Ocean and Hawaii. (sigmaaldrich.com)

small amounts of styrene can be transferred to food from styrene-based packaging material. (cdc.gov)

The vast majority of styrene is produced from ethylbenzene, and almost all ethylbenzene produced worldwide is intended for styrene production. (wikipedia.org)
Around 80% of styrene is produced by the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. (wikipedia.org)
The crude ethylbenzene/styrene product is then purified by distillation. (wikipedia.org)
Styrene who is also known as ethylbenzene,vinybenzene and phenylethene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 CH=CH 2. (diobeth.org)

This is also new and important knowledge in the USA, where styrene was added to the list of carcinogenic substances in 2011," says Henrik A. Kolstad. (eurekalert.org)

Most of us know styrene from the old-style 'Styrofoam' cups we used to grab at the local donut shop. (emaxhealth.com)
Check out our recent blog ' Styrene and Styrofoam 101 " about the dangers of styrene in your food and it's many environmental and health impacts. (saferchemicals.org)
The validity of this article may be a bit questionable because there is a clear difference between styrene and ploystyrene (or expanded polystyrene commonly referred to as styrofoam). (saferchemicals.org)

Toyo Styrene has been a leader in developing eco-friendly products for the efficient use of plastics. (prnewswire.com)
but now a registry study of more than 72,000 employees from more than 400 companies that have been exposed to styrene during production of glassfibre reinforced plastics, has not found an increased incidence of a wide range of cancer types. (eurekalert.org)
Employees in the glass fibre reinforced plastics who have worked with the chemical styrene do not have - as previously feared - an increased incidence of cancer of the oesophagus, pancreas, lungs, kidneys, bladder or a wide range of other types of cancer. (eurekalert.org)
Henrik A. Kolstad emphasises that the sins of the past are the focal point here, and that the working environment has changed significantly since then, so that work with styrene in the reinforced plastics industry in Denmark today takes place in closed spaces with strict exhaust ventilation requirements. (eurekalert.org)
The Chevy Spark electric vehicle, in development at General Motors (Detroit, Mich.), features a large composite battery tray (between the rear wheels), developed by Continental Structural Plastics (Troy, Mich.). The composite features Cytec's new MTM 23 prepreg, which features Reichhold's ADVALITE vinyl hybrid resin system, formulated with a petroleum-based styrene replacement. (compositesworld.com)
Styrene isn't known to leach out of hard plastics, but some evidence suggests that it can leach out of foam food containers and cups when food or drinks are hot - not when they're cold. (saferchemicals.org)
Our recent blog on this subject urged people to opt for paper products, or non-styrene plastics that are washable and reusable. (saferchemicals.org)
The styrene research center and the composites trade group are part of a coalition that includes the National Marine Manufacturers Association and the Plastics Foodservice Packaging Group of the American Chemistry Council. (tradeonlytoday.com)

EC 1.14.14.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction styrene + FADH2 + O2 ↔ (S)-2-phenyloxirane + FAD + H2O as the first step of the aerobic styrene degradation pathway. (wikipedia.org)

The U.S. styrene industry this week appealed to Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius to remove a proposed listing of styrene in the department's impending report on carcinogens and schedule it for a review in the next edition, the Styrene Information and Research Center said. (tradeonlytoday.com)

Styrene (C₆H₅CH=CH₂) is a colorless liquid that evaporates easily and has a sweet smell. (cdc.gov)
At room temperature and pressure , styrene is a clear, colorless liquid . (wikipedia.org)

Now the National Institutes of Health has declared another pair of toxic culprits, styrene and formaldehyde, carcinogenic. (emaxhealth.com)
In Europe, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, Lyon, France) listed styrene as "possibly carcinogenic. (compositesworld.com)

Conner MK, Alarie Y, Dombroske RL (1980) Sister chromatid exchange in murine alveolar macrophages, bone marrow, and regenerating liver cells induced by styrene inhalation. (springer.com)

Pittsburgh, PA - NOVA Chemicals Corporation (NYSE, TSX: NCX ) today announced that it has secured exclusive rights to the styrene production from Sterling Chemicals Inc. s Texas City, Texas, manufacturing facility on behalf of its pending joint venture with INEOS. (webwire.com)
Check out our Hazardous 100+ list, to see where styrene falls and other chemicals to avoid. (saferchemicals.org)

If you work in an industry that uses styrene, please read chemical labels and the accompanying Safety Data Sheets for hazard information. (cdc.gov)
Toyo Styrene was established in April 1999 as a company of consolidated polystyrene business carved out from Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha(Current: Denka Co., Ltd.), Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.(Current:NIPPON STEEL Chemical & Material Co., Ltd.),and Daicel Chemical Co.(Current:Daicel Corporation). (prnewswire.com)
Styrene (/ˈstaɪriːn/) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH=CH2. (wikipedia.org)
Styrene is a certain organic chemical compound having the chemical formula C 8 H 8 . (wikipedia.org)
delta-Aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D:porphobilinogen synthase, 5-aminolevulinate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.24) activity was depressed markedly in red cells of rats exposed to 0.21 g/m3 styrene, a chemical widely used in commercial products. (nih.gov)
The doctor may be referring to a study in the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology that explores how hot foods interact with styrene (a 2009 media report cites it here ). (saferchemicals.org)
STYRENE International Programme on Chemical Safety Poisons Information Monograph 509 Chemical 1. (intox.org)

This means many styrene molecules can bond together to make a larger molecule called polystyrene . (wikipedia.org)
The styrene molecule, a simple one, is an important crosslinking agent in vinyl ester and unsaturated polyester. (compositesworld.com)
Some evidence suggests that it can leach out of foam food containers" is a dubious statement made by someone who clearly doesn't understand that the activation energy to produce a styrene radical molecule from polystyrene is quite high. (saferchemicals.org)

Styrene charts are UV coated, latex free and feature bold and bright colors. (allegromedical.com)

Some of the works consist of only one word - great , mud , trust - and others of short combinations or phrases, such as Indeed I do , She Sure Knew Her Devotionals , Your Polyester People , That Housing Tract is Only Texture , and, of course, They Called Her Styrene . (phaidon.com)
An effective diluent and crosslinking enabler (it readily polymerizes when exposed to light or heat), styrene is used in loadings of up to 40 percent by weight in unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and in vinyl ester resin. (compositesworld.com)
Targeted primarily toward the marine and bathroom/spa market, styrene-free H164 polyester resin from AOC LLC (Collierville, TN, US) is a medium-reactive, thixotropic resin designed for the appli- cations most vulnerable in the current regulatory climate: hand lay-up or spray-up laminating processes. (compositesworld.com)

ATSDR's discussion of this effect is consistent with NTP's Expert Panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of styrene. (cdc.gov)

In response, resin formulators have pragmatically decided that, despite the lack of real answers to the health questions, it's time to look for styrene- and cobalt-free solutions that, for those who use their resin products, render the health questions unnecessary. (compositesworld.com)

Provides references that aid in recognizing occupational hazards and health effects associated with styrene. (osha.gov)
Provides information on evaluating occupational exposures to styrene. (osha.gov)

This report presents a strategic analysis of the styrene market in the Balkan countries and a forecast for its development in the medium term. (marketpublishers.com)
The purpose of the report is to describe the state of the styrene market in the Balkan countries, to present actual and retrospective information about the volumes, dynamics, structure and characteristics of production, imports, exports and consumption and to build a forecast for the market in the next five years. (marketpublishers.com)

Styrene occurs naturally in small quantities in some plants and foods (cinnamon, coffee beans, balsam trees and peanuts) and is also found in coal tar. (wikipedia.org)
Styrene also occurs naturally in plants that are commonly and safely consumed, including cinnamon, strawberries, coffee and wheat. (tradeonlytoday.com)

NIOSHTIC-2 search results on styrene -NIOSHTIC-2 is a searchable database of worker safety and health publications, documents, grant reports, and journal articles supported in whole or in part by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) Value Profile: Styrene -NIOSH reviews relevant scientific data and researches methods for developing IDLH values. (cdc.gov)

Exposures to styrene are addressed in specific OSHA standards for general industry and construction. (osha.gov)
By being ahead of the rule making, the styrene industry saved a major headache that ``could have taken us years of time and millions of dollars,'' McNally said. (plasticsnews.com)
This gives industry players an authoritative and independent measure of variable styrene costs and margins. (prnewswire.co.uk)
It provides complete overview of Global Styrene-based TPE market considering all the major industry trends, market dynamics and competitive scenario. (mynewsdesk.com)
The study on Global Styrene-based TPE market provides analysis of China market covering the industry trends, recent developments in the market and competitive landscape. (mynewsdesk.com)

So far all styrene monooxygenases perform enantioselective epoxidations of styrene and chemically analogous compounds, which makes them interesting for biotechnological applications. (wikipedia.org)
The statement that children would have similar effects as adults was retained because there is no evidence for styrene or similar compounds that this would not be true. (cdc.gov)

We went to OSHA, prior to rule making, with data on styrene and styrene emissions,'' said Stephen McNally, director of government affairs for the Composites Fabri-cators Association, based in Arlington, Va. (plasticsnews.com)

Bond JA (1989) Review of the toxicology of styrene. (springer.com)
The appeal follows a letter sent May 11 to Sebelius that was signed by 63 U.S. House members (47 Republicans and 16 Democrats) and that alleged serious deficiencies in the styrene review, which was done by the department's National Toxicology Program. (tradeonlytoday.com)

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs18

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

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Geographicals1

An investigation of factors contributing to styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide exposures in the reinforced-plastics industry. (1/204)

Objectives, designs and populations of the European Asclepios study on occupational hazards to male reproductive capability. (2/204)

Characterization of hepatocellular resistance and susceptibility to styrene toxicity in B6C3F1 mice. (3/204)

Mortality from nonmalignant diseases of the respiratory, genitourinary and nervous systems among workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastics and composites industry in the United States. (4/204)

Distribution and skewness of occupational exposure sets of measurements in the Norwegian industry. (5/204)

Metabolism of styrene by mouse and rat isolated lung cells. (6/204)

Site-directed mutagenesis of two zinc-binding centers of the NADH-dependent phenylacetaldehyde reductase from styrene-assimilating Corynebacterium sp. strain ST-10. (7/204)

Physiological analysis of the expression of the styrene degradation gene cluster in Pseudomonas fluorescens ST. (8/204)

Styrene

Styrenes

Mandelic Acids

Plastics

Epoxy Compounds

Glyoxylates

Air Pollutants, Occupational

Polystyrenes

Occupational Medicine

Ethylene Glycols

Chemical Industry

Phenylacetates

Occupational Exposure

Ships

Pseudomonas putida

Biodegradation, Environmental

Oxygenases

Encyclopedias as Topic

FMN Reductase

Copyright

Poly A

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Access to Information

Butylene Glycols

Manufactured Materials

Facility Regulation and Control

United States Food and Drug Administration

Cosmetics

Societies, Pharmaceutical

Washington

Public Opinion

Politics

Policy Making

Ethylenes

Glycols

Polyesters

Formularies as Topic

Economics, Pharmaceutical

Drug Industry

Academies and Institutes

Security Measures

An investigation of factors contributing to styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide exposures in the reinforced-plastics industry. (1/204)

Objectives, designs and populations of the European Asclepios study on occupational hazards to male reproductive capability. (2/204)

Characterization of hepatocellular resistance and susceptibility to styrene toxicity in B6C3F1 mice. (3/204)

Mortality from nonmalignant diseases of the respiratory, genitourinary and nervous systems among workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastics and composites industry in the United States. (4/204)

Distribution and skewness of occupational exposure sets of measurements in the Norwegian industry. (5/204)

Metabolism of styrene by mouse and rat isolated lung cells. (6/204)

Site-directed mutagenesis of two zinc-binding centers of the NADH-dependent phenylacetaldehyde reductase from styrene-assimilating Corynebacterium sp. strain ST-10. (7/204)

Physiological analysis of the expression of the styrene degradation gene cluster in Pseudomonas fluorescens ST. (8/204)

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