OrganismsChemicals and DrugsDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
StyreneStyrenesMandelic AcidsPlasticsEpoxy CompoundsGlyoxylatesAir Pollutants, OccupationalPolystyrenesOccupational MedicineEthylene GlycolsChemical IndustryPhenylacetatesOccupational ExposureShipsPseudomonas putidaBiodegradation, EnvironmentalOxygenases
Styrene
A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.
Styrenes
Derivatives and polymers of styrene. They are used in the manufacturing of synthetic rubber, plastics, and resins. Some of the polymers form the skeletal structures for ion exchange resin beads.
Mandelic Acids
Analogs or derivatives of mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid).
Plastics
Polymeric materials (usually organic) of large molecular weight which can be shaped by flow. Plastic usually refers to the final product with fillers, plasticizers, pigments, and stabilizers included (versus the resin, the homogeneous polymeric starting material). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Epoxy Compounds
Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS.
Glyoxylates
Air Pollutants, Occupational
Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.
Polystyrenes
Polymerized forms of styrene used as a biocompatible material, especially in dentistry. They are thermoplastic and are used as insulators, for injection molding and casting, as sheets, plates, rods, rigid forms and beads.
Occupational Medicine
Medical specialty concerned with the promotion and maintenance of the physical and mental health of employees in occupational settings.
Ethylene Glycols
An ethylene compound with two hydroxy groups (-OH) located on adjacent carbons. They are viscous and colorless liquids. Some are used as anesthetics or hypnotics. However, the class is best known for their use as a coolant or antifreeze.
Chemical Industry
The aggregate enterprise of manufacturing and technically producing chemicals. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Phenylacetates
Derivatives of phenylacetic acid. Included under this heading are a variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the benzeneacetic acid structure. Note that this class of compounds should not be confused with derivatives of phenyl acetate, which contain the PHENOL ester of ACETIC ACID.
Occupational Exposure
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.
Ships
Large vessels propelled by power or sail used for transportation on rivers, seas, oceans, or other navigable waters. Boats are smaller vessels propelled by oars, paddles, sail, or power; they may or may not have a deck.
Pseudomonas putida
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.
Biodegradation, Environmental
Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.
Oxygenases
Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.

An investigation of factors contributing to styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide exposures in the reinforced-plastics industry. (1/204)

During the manufacturing of reinforced plastics, large amounts of styrene and trace quantities of styrene-7,8-oxide (SO) are released. Since previous work suggests that inhalation of even small amounts of SO might be an important health risk, we investigated several possible factors contributing to styrene and SO exposure during the manufacture of reinforced plastics. Factors related to job type, worker and the type and quantity of styrene-containing resins were investigated using mixed-effects multiple linear regression models. Overall, SO exposure levels were positively correlated with styrene exposure levels. However, this correlation was statistically significant only among hand laminators who had the highest exposures to both styrene and SO. An important factor for predicting both styrene and SO concentrations was the type of resin used, while the quantity of resin consumed was predictive of styrene but not of SO exposure. Since So exposure appears to be associated with factors other than coexposure to styrene, more effort should be placed on investigating emissions of SO per se. The type of mixed-models regression analysis employed in this study can be used for clarifying the underlying patterns for exposures to styrene and SO as well as for evaluating preventive measures.  (+info)

Objectives, designs and populations of the European Asclepios study on occupational hazards to male reproductive capability. (2/204)

The main objective of the Asclepios program was to examine occupational risk factors for the male reproductive system. The program focused on occupational exposure to fungicides (farmers, greenhouse workers, and vineyard workers), styrene (laminators in the reinforced plastics industry) and inorganic lead (battery workers, foundry workers, and lead smelters). Questionnaire studies of time to pregnancy were combined with longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of semen quality. The 8 data-collecting centers addressed 6553 male workers and contributed time-to-pregnancy values on the 3077 most recent pregnancies. Data collection was by interview or self-collection. The average response rate across all exposures and centers was 69.8%. The Asclepios project is the first international multicenter research project on environmental risks to male reproductive function. A protocol for epidemiologic research on occupational risk factors to the male reproductive system was developed, and links between epidemiologic and experimental units were established. The majority, but not all, of the studies was completed within the given time frame.  (+info)

Characterization of hepatocellular resistance and susceptibility to styrene toxicity in B6C3F1 mice. (3/204)

Short-term inhalation exposure of B6C3F1 mice to styrene causes necrosis of centrilobular (CL) hepatocytes. However, in spite of continued exposure, the necrotic parenchyma is rapidly regenerated, indicating resistance by regenerated cells to styrene toxicity. These studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that resistance to repeated styrene exposure is due to sustained cell proliferation, with production of hepatocytes that have reduced metabolic capacity. Male mice were exposed to air or 500 ppm styrene (6 h/day); hepatotoxicity was evaluated by microscopic examination, serum liver enzyme levels, and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeling index (LI). Metabolism was assessed by measurement of blood styrene and styrene oxide. Both single and repeated exposures to styrene resulted in mortality by Day 2; in mice that survived, there was CL necrosis with elevated BrdU LI at Day 6, and complete restoration of the necrotic parenchyma by Day 15. The BrdU LI in mice given a single exposure had returned to control levels by Day 15. Re-exposure of these mice on Day 15 resulted in additional mortality and hepatocellular necrosis, indicating that regenerated CL cells were again susceptible to the cytolethal effect of styrene following a 14-day recovery. However, in mice repeatedly exposed to styrene for 14 days, the BrdU LI remained significantly increased on Day 15, with preferential labeling of CL hepatocytes with enlarged nuclei (karyomegaly). If repeated exposures were followed by a 10-day recovery period, CL karyomegaly persisted, but the BrdU LI returned to control level and CL hepatocytes became susceptible again to styrene toxicity as demonstrated by additional mortality and acute necrosis after a challenge exposure. These findings indicated a requirement for continued styrene exposure and DNA synthesis in order to maintain this resistant phenotype. Analyses of proliferating-cell nuclear-antigen (PCNA) labeling were conducted to further characterize the cell cycle kinetics of these hepatocytes. The proportion of cells in S-phase was increased by repeated exposure. However, PCNA analysis also revealed an even larger increase in the G1 cell compartment with repeated exposures, without a concurrent increase in G2 phase or in mitotic cell numbers. These data indicate that resistance to styrene-induced necrosis under conditions of repeated exposure is not due to sustained cell turnover and production of new, metabolically inactive cells, but rather is due to some other, as yet unknown, protective phenotype of the regenerated cells.  (+info)

Mortality from nonmalignant diseases of the respiratory, genitourinary and nervous systems among workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastics and composites industry in the United States. (4/204)

OBJECTIVES: Mortality from diseases of the nervous system and nonmalignant diseases of the respiratory and genitourinary systems was examined for workers exposed to styrene. METHODS: Altogether 15,826 styrene-exposed workers in 30 plants in the reinforced plastics and composites industry were included. Vital status was ascertained through 31 December 1989. Individual exposure estimates were developed based on job functions, existing industrial hygiene data, process changes, engineering controls, work practices, and the use of personal protective equipment. Analyses were based on cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and the Cox proportional hazards model. Mortality data were analyzed by latency, duration of exposure, average exposure, cumulative exposure, and process category. RESULTS: For diseases of the nervous system, the SMR was 0.56 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.31-0.95]. Mortality from nonmalignant genitourinary diseases was not increased (SMR 0.87, 95% CI 0.46-1.50). Latency, duration of exposure, average exposure, cumulative exposure, and process category showed no association between styrene exposure and these 2 types of disease. A small increase in mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases was found (SMR 1.21, 95% CI 0.98-1.47), mainly due to "other nonmalignant respiratory diseases" (SMR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04-1.84). The highest increase occurred for short exposure duration (SMR 1.79 for <1 year's exposure) or low exposure (SMR 2.15 for <10 ppm-years); there were no increased risks in the high exposure categories. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed no association between styrene exposure and the diseases. CONCLUSIONS: No relationship was found between mortality from any of the diseases examined and any of the styrene exposure indices. The findings were compared with those reported in a European study of styrene-exposed workers.  (+info)

Distribution and skewness of occupational exposure sets of measurements in the Norwegian industry. (5/204)

Aggregated occupational sets of exposure measurements from the Norwegian industry registered in the exposure database EXPO at The National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo were examined with respect to distributions and skewness. Data for lead in blood show a truncated almost normal distribution because of regulations for workers with high lead in blood concentrations. The styrene, dichloromethane and acetone measurements show quasi log-normal distributions possibly because of over-representation of worst-case measurements. The other personal and stationary measurements are relatively good fitted to a log-normal model. The stationary measurements indicate generally lower mean levels than the corresponding personal measurements. The statistical parameter skewness is valuable in connection with an exposure database as a distribution test for raw data and log-transformed data.  (+info)

Metabolism of styrene by mouse and rat isolated lung cells. (6/204)

Styrene is pneumotoxic in mice. It is metabolized by pulmonary microsomes of both mouse and rat to styrene oxide (SO), presumed to be the toxic metabolite of styrene, and known to be genotoxic. To determine which pulmonary cell types are responsible for styrene metabolism, and which cytochromes P450 are associated with the bioactivation of styrene, we isolated enriched fractions of mouse and rat Clara and type II cells in order to determine the rate of styrene metabolism, with and without chemical inhibitors. Mouse Clara cells readily metabolized styrene to SO. Diethyldithiocarbamate, a CYP2E1 inhibitor, caused less inhibition of SO formation in Clara cells isolated from mice than previously found with pulmonary microsomes. As in microsomes, 5-phenyl-1-pentyne, a CYP2F2 inhibitor, inhibited the formation of both enantiomers. alpha-Naphthoflavone, a CYP1A inhibitor, did not inhibit SO formation in Clara cells. alpha-Methylbenzylaminobenzotriazole, a CYP2B inhibitor, exhibited minimal inhibition of SO production at 10 microM and less at 1 microM. The microsomal and isolated cell studies indicate that CYP2E1 and CYP2F2 are the primary cytochromes P450 involved in pulmonary styrene metabolism. Styrene metabolizing activity was much greater in Clara cells than in type II pneumocytes, which demonstrated essentially no activity. Styrene-metabolizing activity was several-fold higher in the mouse than in rat Clara cells. The more pneumotoxic and genotoxic form, R-SO, was preferentially formed in mice, and S-SO was preferentially formed in rats. These findings indicate the importance of Clara cells in styrene metabolism and suggest that differences in metabolism may be responsible for the greater susceptibility of the mouse to styrene-induced toxicity.  (+info)

Site-directed mutagenesis of two zinc-binding centers of the NADH-dependent phenylacetaldehyde reductase from styrene-assimilating Corynebacterium sp. strain ST-10. (7/204)

Phenylacetaldehyde reductase (PAR) with a unique and wide substrate range from styrene-assimilating Corynebacterium sp. strain ST-10, which is a useful biocatalyst producing chiral alcohols, has been found to belong to a family of zinc-containing, long-chain alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) on the basis of the primary structure similarity. The enzyme contains 2 moles of zinc per mole of subunit. The amino acid residues assumed to be three catalytic and four structural zinc-binding ligands were characterized by site-directed mutagenesis, compared with other zinc-containing, long-chain ADHs. Sixteen PAR mutants gave measurable but rather low activities toward phenylacetaldehyde, n-hexyl aldehyde, and 2-heptanone, although they maintained the activities of 8 to 16% of that of wild-type PAR for an acetophenone substrate except that the D153N mutant showed quite low activity. The results suggested that the seven residues present in PAR were probably zinc-binding ligands, and mutation in these residues caused a change in activities for some substrates.  (+info)

Physiological analysis of the expression of the styrene degradation gene cluster in Pseudomonas fluorescens ST. (8/204)

The effects of different carbon sources on expression of the styrene catabolism genes in Pseudomonas fluorescens ST were analyzed by using a promoter probe vector, pPR9TT, which contains transcription terminators upstream and downstream of the beta-galactosidase reporter system. Expression of the promoter of the stySR operon, which codes for the styrene two-component regulatory system, was found to be constitutive and not subject to catabolite repression. This was confirmed by the results of an analysis of the stySR transcript in P. fluorescens ST cells grown on different carbon sources. The promoter of the operon of the upper pathway, designated PstyA, was induced by styrene and repressed to different extents by organic acids or carbohydrates. In particular, cells grown on succinate or lactate in the presence of styrene started to exhibit beta-galactosidase activity during the mid-exponential growth phase, before the preferred carbon sources were depleted, indicating that there is a threshold succinate and lactate concentration which allows induction of styrene catabolic genes. In contrast, cells grown on glucose, acetate, or glutamate and styrene exhibited a diauxic growth curve, and beta-galactosidase activity was detected only after the end of the exponential growth phase. In each experiment the reliability of the reporter system constructed was verified by comparing the beta-galactosidase activity and the activity of the styrene monooxygenase encoded by the first gene of the styrene catabolic operon.  (+info)

StyreneStyrene
... styrene-butadiene latex, SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene), S-EB-S (styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene), styrene-divinylbenzene (S- ... Styrene is largely metabolized into styrene oxide in humans, resulting from oxidation by cytochrome P450. Styrene oxide is ... and styrene might be vinylbenzene. However, the styrene that was obtained from cinnamic acid seemed different from the styrene ... Styrene is also co-produced commercially in a process known as POSM (Lyondell Chemical Company) or SM/PO (Shell) for styrene ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrene
Styrene monooxygenaseStyrene monooxygenase
A styrene monooxygenase (SMO; EC 1.14.14.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction styrene + FADH2 + O2 ↔ (S)-2- ... The product 2-phenyloxirane is also known as styrene oxide and can be converted by a styrene oxide isomerase (SOI) to obtain ... So far all styrene monooxygenases perform enantioselective epoxidations of styrene and chemically analogous compounds, which ... Mooney A, Ward PG, O'Connor KE (August 2006). "Microbial degradation of styrene: biochemistry, molecular genetics, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrene_monooxygenase
Styrene oxideStyrene oxide
Since styrene oxide has a chiral center at the benzylic carbon atom, there are (R)-styrene oxide and (S)-styrene oxide. If ... Styrene oxide is an epoxide derived from styrene. It can be prepared by epoxidation of styrene with peroxybenzoic acid, in the ... Styrene oxide is subsequently hydrolyzed in vivo to styrene glycol by epoxide hydrolase. Styrene oxide has a chiral center and ... Styrene oxide is a main metabolite of styrene in humans or animals, resulting from oxidation by cytochrome P450. It is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrene_oxide
Poly StyrenePoly Styrene
"Poly Styrene". Poly Styrene. Retrieved 26 April 2011. Ghoulish - Poly Styrene , Songs, Reviews, Credits , AllMusic, retrieved ... In 2021, Styrene was the subject of a documentary, Poly Styrene: I Am a Cliché, that was initially crowd-funded until the ... Styrene was a vegetarian. In 1995, Styrene's solo work was put on hold when she suffered a fractured pelvis after being knocked ... Author Zoë Howe and Styrene's daughter, Celeste Bell, co-authored a biography of Styrene that was published in November 2018. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_Styrene
Styrene-butadieneStyrene-butadiene
... or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) describe families of synthetic rubbers derived from styrene and butadiene ( ... The styrene/butadiene ratio influences the properties of the polymer: with high styrene content, the rubbers are harder and ... Styrene-butane rubber is also used in gasketed-plate heat exchangers. It is used at moderate temperature up to 85 deg C, (358 K ... SBR is derived from two monomers, styrene and butadiene. The mixture of these two monomers is polymerized by two processes: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrene-butadiene
Acrylonitrile styrene acrylateAcrylonitrile styrene acrylate
... (ASA), also called acrylic styrene acrylonitrile, is an amorphous thermoplastic developed as an ... are chemically grafted with styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer chains, and embedded in styrene-acrylonitrile matrix. The acrylate ... ASA can be made by either a reaction process of all three monomers (styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylic ester) or a graft process, ... "Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA) Plastic , UL Prospector". plastics.ides.com. Retrieved 2017-01-11. "~/media/Main/Files/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile_styrene_acrylate
Styrene-oxide isomeraseStyrene-oxide isomerase
In enzymology, a styrene-oxide isomerase (EC 5.3.99.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction styrene oxide ⇌ {\ ... This enzyme participates in styrene degradation, and is the second step of the pathway after the epoxidation of styrene by ... "Metabolism of Styrene Oxide and 2-Phenylethanol in the Styrene-Degrading Xanthobacter Strain 124X". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is styrene-oxide isomerase (epoxide-cleaving). This enzyme is also called SOI. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrene-oxide_isomerase
Styrene-acrylonitrile resinStyrene-acrylonitrile resin
Styrene acrylonitrile resin is a copolymer plastic consisting of styrene and acrylonitrile. It is also known as SAN. It is ... Polystyrene and Styrene Copolymers. Wiley Online Library. p. 487 Charles A. Harper, ed., Modern Plastics Handbook, ISBN 0-07- ... The chains of between 70 and 80% by weight styrene and 20 to 30% acrylonitrile. Larger acrylonitrile content improves ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrene-acrylonitrile_resin
Styrene maleic anhydrideStyrene maleic anhydride
... (SMA or SMAnh) is a synthetic polymer that is built-up of styrene and maleic anhydride monomers. The ... The glass transition temperature of Styrene maleic anhydride is 130 - 160 °C. There are only a few commercial suppliers of SMA ... "Analysis of the mechanism of copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride". Macromolecules. 18 (1): 9-17. Bibcode:1985MaMol ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrene_maleic_anhydride
Acrylonitrile butadiene styreneAcrylonitrile butadiene styrene
The styrene gives the plastic a shiny, impervious surface, as well as hardness, rigidity, and improved processing ease. The ... Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) (chemical formula (C8H8)x·​(C4H6)y·​(C3H3N)z is a common thermoplastic polymer. Its glass ... "Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and its Features". Omnexus. Omnexus. Retrieved May 4, 2020. "Lego Celebrates 50 Years of ... The proportions can vary from 15% to 35% acrylonitrile, 5% to 30% butadiene and 40% to 60% styrene. The result is a long chain ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene
Translucence (Poly Styrene album)Translucence (Poly Styrene album)
Translucence is a 1981 post-punk album by Poly Styrene. All tracks composed by Poly Styrene "Dreaming" (3:48) "Talk In Toytown ... "Robert Christgau: CG: Poly Styrene". robertchristgau.com. Retrieved 24 May 2016. (Use dmy dates from April 2022, Articles with ... Poly Styrene - vocals G.T. Moore - guitar Richard Moore - guitar Kuma Harada - bass Richard Bailey - drums Darryl Lee Que - ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translucence_(Poly_Styrene_album)
The StyrenesThe Styrenes
"Styrenes-A Brief History" Archived 2011-07-15 at the Wayback Machine, Rent a Dog. Retrieved on December 31, 2009 The Styrenes: ... The Styrenes are an American proto-punk rock band, formed in Cleveland, Ohio in 1975, by former members of other local ... 1982 Hudson/Styrene: A Monster And The Devil (Tinnitus 191305) 1989 Re-released with bonus tracks as All the Wrong People Are ... 2007 Protopunk Electric Eels The Styrenes at AllMusic Jäger, Rolf, " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Styrenes
Poly Styrene: I Am a ClichéPoly Styrene: I Am a Cliché
... is a 2021 documentary film about Poly Styrene, the lead singer of X-Ray Spex. Directed by Celeste ... Wendy Ide, "'Poly Styrene: I Am A Cliche': Glasgow Review". Screen Daily, 27 February 2021. "Poly Styrene: I Am a Cliché". ... "Poly Styrene: I Am a Cliché (2022)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved March 18, 2022. Joe Lynch (17 March 2021). "'Poly Styrene ... Poly Styrene: I Am a Cliché at IMDb v t e (IMDb ID (Cite Mojo) different from Wikidata, Articles with short description, Short ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_Styrene:_I_Am_a_Cliché
Sylvia StoesserSylvia Stoesser
Styrene could be used to make the hydrocarbon polymer polystyrene. The Dow Physics Laboratory began working with styrene in ... Her work on styrene led to major improvements in early plastics production and to the creation of synthetic substitutes for ... Styrene was important in creating synthetic substitutes for rubber, which were of great strategic importance in World War II. ... As a result, polymers made from styrene were not stable: they tended to craze and change color over time. Stoesser took on the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvia_Stoesser
Alpha-MethylstyreneAlpha-Methylstyrene
0429". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). "alpha-Methyl styrene". Immediately Dangerous to Life or ... "Styrene". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a25_329.pub2. "What is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Methylstyrene
Mycelium-based materialsMycelium-based materials
Polystyrene foams break down over long periods of time and one of its byproducts, styrene is listed as a possible human ... "Styrene". Epidemiology. Retrieved 2022-04-25. (Orphaned articles from April 2022, All orphaned articles, Materials science, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycelium-based_materials
Somalis in the United KingdomSomalis in the United Kingdom
Poly Styrene (born Marianne Joan Elliott-Said), whose father was Somali, was a member of the punk rock band X-Ray Spex, and ... "Poly Styrene". The Daily Telegraph. 26 April 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011. "Hudeidi: The Somali 'king of oud' who was felled by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalis_in_the_United_Kingdom
EpoxideEpoxide
Illustrative is the epoxidation of styrene with perbenzoic acid to styrene oxide: The reaction proceeds via what is commonly ... Harold Hibbert and Pauline Burt (1941). "Styrene Oxide". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, vol. 1, p. 494 Paul D. Bartlett ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoxide
Diesel exhaustDiesel exhaust
... and styrene. Gebel, T. (1997-11-28). "Arsenic and antimony: comparative approach on mechanistic toxicology". Chemico-Biological ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust
Peroxybenzoic acidPeroxybenzoic acid
Like other peroxyacids, it may be used to generate epoxides, such as styrene oxide from styrene: Nomenclature of Organic ... Harold Hibbert and Pauline Burt (1941). "Styrene Oxide". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, vol. 1, p. 494 v t e (Articles ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxybenzoic_acid
StirolStirol
"Stirol" means styrene. "Stirol" is located in Horlivka and used to employs 4,500 people. The plant became situated in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirol
StyrofoamStyrofoam
Styrene) Fact Sheet: Support Document (CAS No. 100-42-5)" (PDF). EPA. December 1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 ... "STYRENE (Group 2B)". INCHEM. 2002. Retrieved 8 January 2020. Styrofoam at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions from ... The EPA and International Agency for Research on Cancer reported limited evidence that styrene is carcinogenic for humans and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrofoam
Einar FalckEinar Falck
30 January 1988). "Tøffere tider for styrene". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 5. Steenstrup, Bjørn, ed. (1973). "Falck, Einar ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einar_Falck
Torvild AakvaagTorvild Aakvaag
30 January 1988). "Tøffere tider for styrene". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 5. Stavrum, Gunnar. "Torvild Aakvaag". In Helle, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torvild_Aakvaag
PhenylacetaldehydePhenylacetaldehyde
Exposure to styrene gives phenylacetaldehyde as a secondary metabolite. Styrene has been implicated as reproductive toxicant, ... Wacker oxidation of styrene. Hofmann rearrangement of Cinnamamide (aka (2E)-3-Phenylacrylamide). Oxidation of Cyclooctatetraene ... Notable examples include: Isomerization of styrene oxide. Dehydrogenation of 2-Phenylethanol over silver or gold catalysts. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylacetaldehyde
Leif Frode OnarheimLeif Frode Onarheim
30 January 1988). "Tøffere tider for styrene". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 5. Arntzen, Jon Gunnar, ed. (1994). "Onarheim, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leif_Frode_Onarheim
Phenyl glycidyl etherPhenyl glycidyl ether
"Chemistry of Styrene Oxide. Comparison with Phenyl Glycidyl Ether in Model Compound Reactions". Industrial & Engineering ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenyl_glycidyl_ether
Ingeborg Moen BorgerudIngeborg Moen Borgerud
"Tar tilbake makta i styrene". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). p. 14. "Fakta om pengegavene til Senterpartiet" (in Norwegian). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeborg_Moen_Borgerud
PolybutadienePolybutadiene
They had invented styrene-butadiene, which was named Buna-S (S for styrene). Although the Goodrich Corporation had successfully ... High dosages may affect clarity of Styrene. In an internal mixer, natural rubber and/or styrene-butadiene rubber may be placed ... The most common form is styrene-butadiene copolymer, which is a commodity material for car tires. It is also used in block ... 1,3-butadiene is normally copolymerized with other types of monomers such as styrene and acrylonitrile to form rubbers or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybutadiene
Deaths in April 2011Deaths in April 2011
"Punk Icon Poly Styrene Dies". ContactMusic.com. April 26, 2011. "Gobierno decreta dos días de duelo oficial por muerte de ... Poly Styrene, 53, British musician (X-Ray Spex), breast cancer. Gonzalo Rojas, 93, Chilean poet. Güven Sazak, 76, Turkish ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_in_April_2011
StyreneStyrene
... is widely used to make plastics and rubber, which are used to manufacture a variety of products, such as insulation, ... Styrene is a colorless, flammable liquid, which has a sweet odor and is highly volatile. ... Animal Studies: Styrene caused lung tumors in several strains of mice.. Mechanistic Studies: Exactly how styrene causes cancer ... Styrene is a colorless, flammable liquid, which has a sweet odor and is highly volatile. Styrene is widely used to make ...
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/styrene/index.cfm
Styrene | NIOSH | CDCStyrene | NIOSH | CDC
Breathing high levels of styrene may cause changes in color vision, tiredness, feeling drunk, slowed reaction time, ... Styrene is a colorless liquid that evaporates easily and has a sweet smell. ... Styrene (C₆H₅CH=CH₂) is a colorless liquid that evaporates easily and has a sweet smell. Breathing high levels of styrene may ... The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to styrene. Useful search terms for styrene include " ...
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/styrene/default.html
Styrene | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDRStyrene | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR
Breathing styrene is most likely to affect the nervous system. Styrene has been found in at least 213 of 1,416 National ... People who work where styrene is used or manufactured are likely to be exposed by breathing workplace air. ... Exposure to styrene is most likely to occur from breathing indoor air that is contaminated with styrene vapors from building ... What happens to styrene when it enters the environment?. * Styrene can be found in air, water, and soil after release from the ...
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/tsp/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=420&toxid=74
Butadiene and Styrene RisksButadiene and Styrene Risks
You have to enable JavaScript in your browsers settings in order to use the eReader.. Or try downloading the content offline. DOWNLOAD ...
https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.101-1519844
Styrene 10166-KStyrene 10166-K
Styrene inhalation toxicity studies in mice. II. Sex differences in susceptibility of B6C3F1 mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 ... Styrene inhalation toxicity studies in mice. III. Strain differences in susceptibility. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Oct;21(3):326 ... Characterization of hepatocellular resistance and susceptibility to styrene toxicity in B6C3F1 mice. Toxicol Sci. 1999 Mar;48(1 ...
https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/ts-10166-k
Toxicological Profile for Styrene | Peer Review Agenda | ATSDRToxicological Profile for Styrene | Peer Review Agenda | ATSDR
... and the pharmacokinetic modeling of styrene and styrene oxide respiratory-tract dosimetry. He has published over 25 such ... for styrene (STY) and styrene oxide (SO) (The Toxicologist. 30:148 1996).. ... CDC/ATSDRs Response to Reviewers Comments: Styrene Formal Disposition pdf icon[PDF - 62 KB] [PDF - 25 KB] ... He is a well-known expert in the toxicity and oncogenicity of styrene, having authored and co-authored numerous research papers ...
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/sites/peer_review/tox_profile_styrene.html
Determinants of environmental styrene exposure in Gulf coast residents - PubMedDeterminants of environmental styrene exposure in Gulf coast residents - PubMed
There was a suggestive association between ambient and blood styrene. Our measures of increased regional exposure opportunity ... Personal predictors of increasing blood styrene levels included smoking, vehicle emissions, and housing characteristics. ... Ambient styrene predicted elevated blood styrene in subgroups. Conclusions: Personal predictors of increasing blood styrene ... Methods: We measured blood styrene levels in 667 Gulf coast residents and compared participants levels of blood styrene to a ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30546124/
NEUROLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STYRENE AND BTEX EXPOSURE IN A GULF OF MEXICO COHORTNEUROLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STYRENE AND BTEX EXPOSURE IN A GULF OF MEXICO COHORT
Environmental Styrene Exposure and Sensory and Motor Function in Gulf Coast Residents - PubMedEnvironmental Styrene Exposure and Sensory and Motor Function in Gulf Coast Residents - PubMed
We observed associations between higher styrene exposure and poorer visual, sensory, and vestibular function, though we did not ... Probability density of styrene concentrations in air (. N. =. 2,956. ) and blood (. n. =. 310. ). Note: Ambient styrene ... lowest quartile of ambient styrene and the highest 10% vs. lowest 90% of blood styrene ([Formula: see text] log microns; 95% CI ... Environmental Styrene Exposure and Sensory and Motor Function in Gulf Coast Residents Emily J Werder 1 2 , Dale P Sandler 1 , ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Environmental+styrene+exposure+and+sensory+and+motor+function+in+Gulf+coast+residents
Styrene Inhalation | Interagency Modeling and Analysis GroupStyrene Inhalation | Interagency Modeling and Analysis Group
... which includes metabolic consumption of styrene. Styrene is inhaled at a given concentration for a specified time, then normal ... This model presents a the phramacokinetics of styrene inhalation in rats and humans based on the 1984 paper by Ramsey and ... A model for a physiological based description of the inhalation pharmacokinetics of styrene in rats and humans based on the ... Andersen, J.C. and Ramsey, M.E., A physiologically based description of the inhalation pharmacokinetics of styrene in rats and ...
https://www.imagwiki.nibib.nih.gov/physiome/jsim/models/webmodel/NSR/styreneinhalation
Styrene-acrylonitrile trimer (SANTRIMER2) | Chemical Effects in Biological SystemsStyrene-acrylonitrile trimer (SANTRIMER2) | Chemical Effects in Biological Systems
Genetic Toxicity Evaluation of Styrene-acrylonitrile Trimer (SANTRIMER2) in DNA Damage Study G99020C in F344/N Rats Summary and ... Genetic Toxicity Evaluation of Styrene-acrylonitrile Trimer in Salmonella/E.coli Mutagenicity Test or Ames Test. Study A04901 ... Styrene-acrylonitrile trimer (SANTRIMER2). Chemical Effects in Biological Systems (CEBS). Research Triangle Park, NC (USA): ... TR-573 Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Study of Styrene-Acrylonitrile Trimer (CASRN SANTRIMER2) in F344/N Rats (Perinatal and ...
https://cebs.niehs.nih.gov/cebs/search?data=all&q=SANTRIMER2
IARC Publications Website - Styrene, Styrene-7,8-oxide, and QuinolineIARC Publications Website - Styrene, Styrene-7,8-oxide, and Quinoline
Styrene-7,8-oxide is the primary metabolite of styrene in humans. Styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide are found in workplace air, ... Styrene, Styrene-7,8-oxide, and Quinoline. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume 121. IARC ... Quinoline and styrene are high production volume chemicals. Quinoline is used to produce various drugs and dyes. Styrene is ... This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of quinoline, styrene, and styrene-7,8-oxide. ...
https://publications.iarc.who.int/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Styrene-Styrene-7-8-oxide-And-Quinoline-2019
MeSH Coming Attractions. NLM Technical Bulletin. Sep-Oct 1998MeSH Coming Attractions. NLM Technical Bulletin. Sep-Oct 1998
Styrene. STYRENES is also available. Tert-Butylhydroperoxide*. A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent. ...
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/techbull/so98/so98_mesh.html
Toxic Neuropathy: Practice Essentials, Background, PathophysiologyToxic Neuropathy: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Styrene: start of shift, 0.02 mg/L; end of shift, 0.55 mg/L ... Styrene. Mandelic acid: start of shift, 300 mg/g; end of shift ... Styrene: start of shift, 0.02 mg/L; end of shift, 0.55 mg/L ... Styrene. Mandelic acid: start of shift, 300 mg/g; end of shift ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/1175276-188984/what-is-the-pathophysiology-of-toxic-neuropathy
Details for: Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene / › WHO HQ Library catalogDetails for: Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene / › WHO HQ Library catalog
Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene / views and expert opinions of an IARC working ... Naphthalene and StyreneContributor(s): International Agency for Research on CancerMaterial type: TextSeries: IARC monographs on ... Styrene -- pharmacology , Risk assessment , Epidemiologic studies , Chemical Toxicology and CarcinogenicityNLM classification: ...
https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=au%3A%22IARC%20Working%20Group%20on%20the%20Evaluation%20of%20Carcinogenic%20Risks%20to%20Humans.%22&sort_by=relevance_dsc&count=20&limit=au:IARC%20Working%20Group%20on%20the%20Evaluation%20of%20Carcinogenic%20Risks%20to%20Humans%20:%20Some%20Traditional%20Herbal%20Medicines,%20Some%20Mycotoxins,%20Naphthalene%20and%20Styrene
Toxic Neuropathy Workup: Laboratory Studies, Other Tests, Histologic FindingsToxic Neuropathy Workup: Laboratory Studies, Other Tests, Histologic Findings
Styrene: start of shift, 0.02 mg/L; end of shift, 0.55 mg/L ... Styrene. Mandelic acid: start of shift, 300 mg/g; end of shift ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1175276-workup
Pain Relieving PatchesPain Relieving Patches
INACTIVE INGREDIENThydrogenated poly, pentaerythrityl tetra-di-t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate, petroleum, styrene/isoprene ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=13486792-d3d1-4585-beb7-24720b9edaae&type=display
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full ViewNIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
... styrene (100425) and vinyl-chloride (75014) were determined by personal and area air sampling. The workers experienced upper ... Styrene-resins; Preventive-medicine; Author Keywords: Benzene; Bis-Chloromethyl Ether; 2,6-Ditert-Butyl-P-Cresol; BHT; Carbon ... Monoxide; Formaldehyde; Hydrogen Chloride; Hydrogen Cyanide; Nuisance Particulate; Phthalates; Styrene; Vinyl Chloride; Mucous ...
http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=hydrogen+cyanide&f1=%2A&Adv=0&terms=1&PageNo=9&RecNo=89&View=f&
Surgical Smoke Inhalation: Dangerous Consequences for the Surgical Team | Blogs | CDCSurgical Smoke Inhalation: Dangerous Consequences for the Surgical Team | Blogs | CDC
Styrene. Toluene. 1-Undecene. Xylene. Used with permissionUlmer BC. The hazards of surgical smoke. AORN J. 2008;87(4):721-734. ...
http://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2020/06/18/surgical-smoke/
SearchSearch
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Benzene - Major UsesBenzene - Major Uses
Manufacture of styrene, phenol, detergents, organic chemicals, pesticide, plastics and resins, synthetic rubber, aviation fuel ... Used primarily as a raw material in the synthesis of styrene (polystyrene plastics and synthetic rubber), phenol (phenolic ... Uses: Ethylbenzene/styrene 53%; cumene/phenol 22%; cyclohexane 12%; nitrobenzene/aniline 5%; detergent alkylate 3%; ...
https://webwiser.nlm.nih.gov/substance?substanceId=26&identifier=Benzene&identifierType=name&menuItemId=22&catId=24
Biomarkers SearchBiomarkers Search
1,3-butadiene, styrene and lung cancer among synthetic rubber industry workers.. Sathiakumar N; Brill I; Delzell E. J Occup ... Lymphohematopoietic cancer in styrene-butadiene polymerization workers.. Santos-Burgoa C; Matanoski GM; Zeger S; Schwartz L. Am ... 1,3-Butadiene, styrene and selected outcomes among synthetic rubber polymer workers: Updated exposure-response analyses. ... Leukemia and cumulative exposure to butadiene, styrene and benzene among workers in the synthetic rubber industry.. Macaluso M ...
https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=26343807&mod=related&page=1&outid=&proj=
Lexical ToolsLexical Tools
... styrene,styrol,128,1,r,1, subperitoneal,subabdominoperitoneal,1,1,r,1, subperitoneal,subperitoneoabdominal,1,1,r,1, Sucostrin, ...
https://lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov/LSG/Projects/lvg/current/docs/designDoc/LifeCycle/test/fr.html
Casula Hobbies Internet Shop
EVERGREEN-PLASTRUCT Styrene-, (263). FIGURES - PEOPLE - ANIMALS-, (62). KERROBY MODELS Animals HO (19). Loads for HO wagons, ...
http://www.casulahobbies.com.au/catalog/index.php?cPath=984
SearchSearch
Levels of styreneToxicityMonomerVapors from buildingExposureBenzeneInhalationAmounts of styreneAcrylonitrile butadieColorless liquidCopolymers2023MetabolitesButadiene rubberOxideRatsConcentrationsRubberPyrolysisPolymersEvaporatesNasalPhenolOccursOdorPrimarilyReasonably anticipatedPolymerizationQuinolineTobacco smokeNervous systemMetabolicCombustionSearchProductsColorsHighBreathingPlastics industryFactoryEnvironmentalWorkersData
Levels of styrene8
  • Workers in certain occupations are potentially exposed to much higher levels of styrene than the general population. (nih.gov)
  • For example, workers who fabricate boats, car and truck parts, tanks, and bath tubs and shower stalls with glass fiber-reinforced polyester composite plastics, may breathe in high levels of styrene in the workplace. (nih.gov)
  • Styrene may also leach from polystyrene containers used for food products, but levels of styrene in food are very low. (nih.gov)
  • Although the National Toxicology Program listed styrene as a reasonably anticipated carcinogen in 2011, the styrene listing was based on studies of workers exposed to high levels of styrene. (nih.gov)
  • Breathing high levels of styrene may cause changes in color vision, tiredness, feeling drunk, slowed reaction time, concentration problems, or balance problems. (cdc.gov)
  • Ingesting low levels of styrene that occurs naturally in a variety of foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, beverages, and meats. (cdc.gov)
  • If you breathe high levels of styrene (more than 1000 times higher than levels normally found in the environment), you may experience nervous system effects such as changes in color vision, tiredness, feeling drunk, slowed reaction time, concentration problems, or balance problems. (cdc.gov)
  • sensitive to respiratory tract and hepatic toxicity from are not related to blood levels of styrene or styrene styrene. (cdc.gov)
Toxicity4
  • Styrene is a colorless liquid that exposure for general population is by the dose (how much), the The most sensitive target of toxicity is evaporates easily. (cdc.gov)
  • Characterization of hepatocellular resistance and susceptibility to styrene toxicity in B6C3F1 mice. (nih.gov)
  • toxicity following styrene exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Numerous studies have demonstrated marked differ- fects on terminal bronchioles are seen, but effects in ences in toxicity between rats and mice to styrene ex- the nasal olfactory epithelium do occur, although to posure, especially by inhalation. (cdc.gov)
Monomer2
  • T ~ 0 to -45°C. Kinetic studies of styrene polymerization using the Omnifit sampling method showed that the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymers obtained increased in direct proportion to monomer conversion and agreed well with the theoretical Mn expected from the concentration ratios of monomer to initiator. (aston.ac.uk)
  • Page xii, lines 19-22 and page 192, lines 14-17: "In the styrene monomer and polymer industries, the risk of lymphohematopoietic malignancies was also increased (both statistically significant and statistically non-significant) in most of the studies (as well as the total number of observed cases across studies), but these workers might also have been exposed to benzene. (nih.gov)
Vapors from building3
  • People may be exposed to styrene through breathing indoor air that has styrene vapors from building materials, photocopiers, tobacco smoke, and other products. (nih.gov)
  • Exposure to styrene is most likely to occur from breathing indoor air that is contaminated with styrene vapors from building materials, tobacco smoke, and use of copying machines. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing indoor air that is contaminated with styrene vapors from building materials, cigarette smoke, or use of photocopy machines. (cdc.gov)
Exposure13
  • Health Effects: Can exposure to styrene cause cancer? (nih.gov)
  • Workers may be harmed from exposure to styrene. (cdc.gov)
  • The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to styrene. (cdc.gov)
  • NIOSH Criteria Documents: Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Styrene -DHHS (NIOSH) No. 83-119 Presents a standard to prevent the adverse effects of exposure to styrene over a working lifetime. (cdc.gov)
  • There are no studies evaluating the effects of styrene exposure on children or immature animals. (cdc.gov)
  • How can families reduce the risk of exposure to styrene? (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure may occur by inhalation, Styrene is well absorbed by the Urinary levels of mandelic acid and/or for ingestion, or dermal absorption. (cdc.gov)
  • Agency for Toxic Substances and Workers at photocopy centers or exposure to styrene were 0.22 ppb. (cdc.gov)
  • Predominant route of exposure for Styrene is a high production chemical in workers include decreased color workers. (cdc.gov)
  • However, humans are likely automobile parts, shoes, drinking cups Styrene photodegrades in the exposure (1 year). (cdc.gov)
  • 1997), and the risk of myeloma increased with increasing cumulative exposure (P = 0.023) to styrene using the step-down regression analysis and taking into account butadiene exposure and other variables. (nih.gov)
  • however, this study was limited by the ecological design and poor characterization of styrene exposure, which was based only on residence in counts with varying environmental toxic releases]. (nih.gov)
  • Styrene exposure and the liver. (nih.gov)
Benzene1
  • The simplest chemical I have that contains a benzene ring is polystyrene, which I could convert to styrene. (sciencemadness.org)
Inhalation3
  • A model for a physiological based description of the inhalation pharmacokinetics of styrene in rats and humans based on the work of J.C. Ramsey and M.E. Andersen [(1984). (nih.gov)
  • This model presents a the phramacokinetics of styrene inhalation in rats and humans based on the 1984 paper by Ramsey and Andersen paper (reference below). (nih.gov)
  • Andersen, J.C. and Ramsey, M.E., A physiologically based description of the inhalation pharmacokinetics of styrene in rats and humans, 1984 Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 73(1), 159-175. (nih.gov)
Amounts of styrene2
  • small amounts of styrene can be transferred to food from styrene-based packaging material. (cdc.gov)
  • Small amounts of styrene are naturally oxide. (cdc.gov)
Acrylonitrile butadie2
  • We find 56 products about acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic from 23 manufacturers & suppliers. (china.cn)
  • Experimental study of bifacial photovoltaic module with waste polyvinyl chloride flex and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene road side safety sticker as an alternative reflector: optimization using response surface methodology. (bvsalud.org)
Colorless liquid1
  • Styrene (C₆H₅CH=CH₂) is a colorless liquid that evaporates easily and has a sweet smell. (cdc.gov)
Copolymers2
  • Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) hearing impairment, symptoms of copolymers such as styrene- ingestion of food. (cdc.gov)
  • The immiscible blends were compatibilized using two different styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers (SMA) with a low (SMA low ) and a high (SMA high ) maleic anhydride (MA) concentration of 8 and 25 wt%, respectively. (mdpi.com)
20232
  • In the North American region, the market sentiments of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber remained on the declining phase throughout the first quarter of 2023. (chemanalyst.com)
  • In the first quarter of 2023, Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) market dynamics inclined on account of stable demand outlook from downstream (automotive and rubber industrial). (chemanalyst.com)
Metabolites1
  • Once absorbed, styrene is widely metabolites are not specific to styrene. (cdc.gov)
Butadiene rubber7
  • An MRL of 5 ppm has been derived reaction time, impaired performance butadiene rubber, or formulated with and styrene products. (cdc.gov)
  • The overall market trend of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) moved southwards on the back of declining demand for the product from the automotive and rubber sectors. (chemanalyst.com)
  • In the North American region, the market sentiments of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber fluctuated throughout the quarter on account of the slow demand outlook. (chemanalyst.com)
  • Towards the end of Q4, the prices of Styrene Butadiene Rubber were USD 2676 per MT, CFR USG (USA). (chemanalyst.com)
  • In the fourth quarter of 2022, Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) market dynamics declined sharply as the demand for the product declined in China. (chemanalyst.com)
  • Towards the end of the quarter, the market prices of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) were USD 1430 per MT, CFR Qingdao (China). (chemanalyst.com)
  • The overall market trend of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) moved southwards on the back of declining demand for the product from the automotive and construction industries. (chemanalyst.com)
Oxide4
  • This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of quinoline, styrene, and styrene-7,8-oxide. (who.int)
  • Styrene-7,8-oxide is primarily used to produce epoxy resins. (who.int)
  • Styrene-7,8-oxide is the primary metabolite of styrene in humans. (who.int)
  • Styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide are found in workplace air, particularly in the reinforced plastics industry and the rubber industry. (who.int)
Rats2
  • An overview of Genetic Toxicology Micronucleus Rats study conclusions related to Styrene-acrylonitrile trimer (SANTRIMER2). (nih.gov)
  • in styrene metabolism between rats and mice. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations2
  • Hearing loss has been observed in animals exposed to very high concentrations of styrene. (cdc.gov)
  • Changes in the lining of the nose and damage to the liver has also been observed in animals exposed to high concentrations of styrene, but animals may be more sensitive than humans to these effects. (cdc.gov)
Rubber2
  • Styrene is widely used to make plastics and rubber, which are used to manufacture a variety of products, such as insulation, pipes, automobile parts, printing cartridges, food containers, and carpet backing. (nih.gov)
  • Styrene is widely used to make plastics and rubber. (cdc.gov)
Pyrolysis1
Polymers3
  • At least 11 people have died after styrene gas leaked from the LG Polymers factory in the city of Visakhapatnam, although it is feared the death toll will rise. (buzzfeednews.com)
  • Primary report is PVC gas (or Styrene) leaked from LG Polymers, Vepagunta near Gopalapatnam in Visakhapatnam at around 2:30 AM today Because of the leakage of the said compound gas hundreds of people have inhaled it and either fell unconscious or having breathing issues. (buzzfeednews.com)
  • Styrene is primarily used in the production of polystyrene polymers. (who.int)
Evaporates1
  • Styrene evaporates from shallow soils and surface water. (cdc.gov)
Nasal1
  • Nasal olfactory epithelial damage and Styrene enters the air, water, and soil include packaging materials, liver necrosis have been observed in as a result of its manufacture and use. (cdc.gov)
Phenol5
  • Phenol from styrene? (sciencemadness.org)
  • Sciencemadness Discussion Board » Fundamentals » Organic Chemistry » Phenol from styrene? (sciencemadness.org)
  • Subject: Phenol from styrene? (sciencemadness.org)
  • Is there any way to (relatively easily) convert styrene to phenol, or should I just go the aspirin route? (sciencemadness.org)
  • I doubt there's a route from styrene to phenol that doesn't involve a longer and more elusive shopping list than,"acetone, HCl, aspirin. (sciencemadness.org)
Occurs1
  • Smokers are exposed to styrene because it occurs in cigarette smoke. (nih.gov)
Odor1
  • Styrene is a colorless, flammable liquid, which has a sweet odor and is highly volatile. (nih.gov)
Primarily1
Reasonably anticipated1
  • The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Toxicology Program (NTP) listed styrene as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" in the Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition, released on June 10, 2011. (cdc.gov)
Polymerization1
  • The proposed 'two species' propagation mechanism was found to apply for the styrene polymerization with 1-PEC/SnCI4 in the presence of nBu4NCl. (aston.ac.uk)
Quinoline2
  • Quinoline and styrene are present in air pollution and in tobacco smoke. (who.int)
  • Quinoline and styrene are high production volume chemicals. (who.int)
Tobacco smoke1
  • Styrene is a component of tobacco smoke. (cdc.gov)
Nervous system1
  • Breathing styrene is most likely to affect the nervous system. (cdc.gov)
Metabolic2
  • There are several metabolic pathways styrene levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Four body compartments are considered: richly perfused tissue (highly perfused), muscle (moderately perfused), fat (slowly perfused), and liver, which includes metabolic consumption of styrene. (nih.gov)
Combustion1
  • Styrene is also present in combustion distributed throughout the body, with Qualitative biomarkers included products such as cigarette smoke and the highest levels detected in fat. (cdc.gov)
Search1
  • NIOSHTIC-2 search results on styrene -NIOSHTIC-2 is a searchable database of worker safety and health publications, documents, grant reports, and journal articles supported in whole or in part by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
Products2
  • Most of these products contain styrene linked together in a long chain (polystyrene) as well as unlinked styrene. (cdc.gov)
  • Styrene can be found in air, water, and soil after release from the manufacture, use, and disposal of styrene-based products. (cdc.gov)
Colors1
  • Over 200 styles, colors & sizes of USA Made Styrene Plastic Standard and Premium Shot Glasses are available. (iaspromotes.com)
High1
  • 1995) reported significant risks of pancreatic cancer among individuals with probable high styrene exposures (workers from plants employing 50% to 100% laminators), and among individuals exposed to styrene for greater than one year. (nih.gov)
Breathing2
  • People who work where styrene is used or manufactured are likely to be exposed by breathing workplace air. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing contaminated workplace air or skin contact with liquid styrene and resins. (cdc.gov)
Plastics industry1
  • Styrene is rarely detected in drinking in the reinforced plastics industry. (cdc.gov)
Factory1
  • NEW DELHI - Hundreds of people have been taken to hospital after a styrene gas leak at a chemical factory in southeast India. (buzzfeednews.com)
Environmental1
  • Styrene has been found in at least 251 of 1,699 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
Workers1
  • Workers may also absorb styrene through the skin. (nih.gov)
Data2
  • If you work in an industry that uses styrene, please read chemical labels and the accompanying Safety Data Sheets for hazard information. (cdc.gov)
  • Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) Value Profile: Styrene -NIOSH reviews relevant scientific data and researches methods for developing IDLH values. (cdc.gov)