Strychnos nux-vomica
Strychnine
Alkaloids
Malaria
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria, Vivax
Judaism
Jewelry
Mosquito Control
Analysis of strychnine and brucine in postmortem specimens by RP-HPLC: a case report of fatal intoxication. (1/8)
A sensitive method for the identification and quantitation of the toxic alkaloids strychnine and brucine from postmortem specimens has been established. After solid-phase extraction using Oasis MCX cartridges the extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. The limit of detection was 0.5 ng/mL blood for strychnine and brucine, and the limit of quantitation was 5 ng/mL blood for strychnine and brucine. The method was applied for the analysis of blood and gastric contents of a 34-year-old female who died after ingestion of a packet of herbal medicine powder containing the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica L. Strychnine and brucine were detected in all the samples. The concentration in our case is consistent with that in previous reports. (+info)Physicochemical characterization of the Strychnos alkaloids by capillary zone electrophoresis. (2/8)
A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method has been developed for investigating the physicochemical characteristics of five Strychnos alkaloids in Strychnos nux-vomica L. Firstly, the dissociation constants of the five Strychnos alkaloids were determined, based on the relation between the effective mobility of the solutes and the buffer pH. The mathematical relationship was strictly deduced from the fundamental electrophoretic theory and the dissociation equilibrium. Secondly, an equation describing the relation between the migration time of alkaloids of similar structure and their molecular weights was developed and used to predict the migration order and to calculate the electrosomotic velocity. The results predicted by the theory agreed with those from experiments. (+info)The apoptotic effect of brucine from the seed of Strychnos nux-vomica on human hepatoma cells is mediated via Bcl-2 and Ca2+ involved mitochondrial pathway. (3/8)
In an attempt to dissect the mechanism of Strychnos nux-vomica, a commonly used Chinese folk medicine in the therapy of liver cancer, the cytotoxic effects of four alkaloids in Strychnos nux-vomica, brucine, brucine N-oxide, strychnine, and isostrychnine, on human hepatoma cells (HepG2) were screened by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrasolium bromide (MTT) assay. Brucine, among the four alkaloids, exhibited the strongest toxic effect, the mechanism of which was found to cause HepG2 cell apoptosis, since brucine caused HepG2 cell shrinkage, the formation of apoptotic bodies, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest, as well as phosphatidylserine externalization, all of which are typical characteristics of apoptotic programmed cell death. Brucine-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis was caspase dependent, with caspase-3 activated by caspase-9. Brucine also caused the proteolytic processing of caspase-9. In addition, brucine caused depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane of HepG2 cells, the inhibition of which by cyclosporine A completely abrogated the activation of casapses and release of cytochrome c in brucine-treated HepG2 cells. These findings suggested a pivotal role of mitochondrial membrane depolarization in HepG2 cell apoptosis elicited by brucine. Furthermore, brucine induced a rapid and sustained elevation of intracellular [Ca2+], which compromised the mitochondrial membrane potential and triggered the process of HepG2 cell apoptosis. Finally, Bcl-2 was found to predominately control the whole event of cell apoptosis induced by brucine. The elevation of [Ca2+]i caused by brucine was also suppressed by overexpression of Bcl-2 protein in HepG2 cells. From the facts given above, Ca2+ and Bcl-2 mediated mitochondrial pathway were found to be involved in brucine-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis. (+info)A rare case of brucine poisoning complicated by rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. (4/8)
Brucine is the predominant alkaloid present in the bark of the tree Strychnos nux vomica and is a weaker alkaloid when compared to strychnine. However, its toxicological property is akin to strychnine. We report a rare case of brucine poisoning complicated by acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis. A 24-year-old male presented with a history of consumption of a decoction made from the bark of the Strychnos nux vomica tree. Soon after, he developed widespread muscle spasms and convulsions, which were promptly treated. On the fifth day of admission, he developed features of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. Investigations revealed elevated creatine phosphokinase levels and elevated blood urea and serum creatinine. The patient was managed with hemodialysis and recovered gradually. There are many reports of strychnine poisoning producing rhabdomyolysis and renal failure. In this case report, attention is drawn to the fact that brucine, although a weaker alkaloid, can also produce life threatening complications like rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. (+info)Effects of homeopathic medicines on polysomnographic sleep of young adults with histories of coffee-related insomnia. (5/8)
(+info)Use of Strychnos nux-vomica (Azraqi) seeds in Unani system of medicine: role of detoxification. (6/8)
Some plants used in Unani system of medicine are toxic, even deadly poisonous. The drugs having such plants as their components are detoxified before they are dispensed to the patients. One such drug, capsule Hudar, has Strychnos nux-vomica L. (Azraqi) seeds as one of its components and is very effectively used to elevate blood pressure. Ancient manuscripts describe many methods of its detoxification. It has been found that the detoxification processes studied reduce the strychnine content, as determined either by using uv-vis spectrophotometer or HPLC, present in Strychnos nux vomica seeds which is responsible for Strychnos nux vomica toxicity. The decrease in strychnine amount was best when the seeds were immersed for detoxification in excess of water for 5 days, in milk for 2 days followed by their boiling in milk. Strychnine in small amounts has been reported to give subjective feeling of stimulation. (+info)Four types of traditional Chinese medicine inducing epileptic seizures. (7/8)
(+info)Nonlinear dynamical systems effects of homeopathic remedies on multiscale entropy and correlation dimension of slow wave sleep EEG in young adults with histories of coffee-induced insomnia. (8/8)
(+info)'Strychnos nux-vomica' is a plant species also known as the poison nut tree or strychnine tree. Its seeds, known as nux vomica, contain several alkaloids including strychnine and brucine, which have been used in medicine for their stimulant and convulsant properties. However, due to the high toxicity and narrow therapeutic index of these compounds, the use of 'Strychnos nux-vomica' in modern medicine is very limited and generally not recommended.
It's important to note that while some alkaloids found in 'Strychnos nux-vomica' have been used in homeopathy, there is a lack of scientific evidence supporting their efficacy, and they should only be used under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.
"Strychnos" is a genus of plants, specifically belonging to the Loganiaceae family. While not a medical term itself, certain species of Strychnos contain toxic alkaloids that have been used in medicine and are important to understand from a medical and pharmacological perspective.
The most well-known species is Strychnos nux-vomica, which produces the potent alkaloid strychnine. This alkaloid acts as a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors in the central nervous system, leading to uncontrolled muscle contractions, stiffness, and potentially life-threatening convulsions if ingested or otherwise introduced into the body.
Another important alkaloid found in some Strychnos species is brucine, which also has toxic properties, although it is less potent than strychnine. Both of these alkaloids are used in research and have been employed in the past as rodenticides, but their use in medicine is limited due to their high toxicity.
In a medical context, knowing about Strychnos plants and their toxic alkaloids is essential for understanding potential poisonings, recognizing symptoms, and providing appropriate treatment.
Strychnine is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter-tasting crystalline alkaloid that is derived from the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree, native to India and Southeast Asia. It is primarily used in the manufacture of pesticides and rodenticides due to its high toxicity to insects and mammals.
Medically, strychnine has been used in the past as a stimulant and a treatment for various conditions such as asthma, heart failure, and neurological disorders. However, its use in modern medicine is extremely rare due to its narrow therapeutic index and high toxicity.
Strychnine works by blocking inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, leading to increased muscle contractions, stiffness, and convulsions. Ingestion of even small amounts can cause severe symptoms such as muscle spasms, rigidity, seizures, and respiratory failure, which can be fatal if left untreated.
It is important to note that strychnine has no legitimate medical use in humans and its possession and use are highly regulated due to its high toxicity and potential for abuse.
"Sophora" does not have a specific medical definition, but it is a term that refers to various species of the Sophora plant genus, which belongs to the Fabaceae (legume) family. Some of these plants have been used in traditional medicine in different cultures.
For instance, Sophora flavescens (Ku Shen) has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antipyretic properties. It contains several alkaloids, such as matrine and oxymatrine, which have demonstrated pharmacological activities.
Another example is Sophora japonica (Japanese pagoda tree), whose seeds, leaves, and bark have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating various conditions like diarrhea, insomnia, and skin diseases. Its active compounds include flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids, which contribute to its medicinal properties.
It is essential to note that the use of Sophora species or their extracts in a medical context should be based on scientific research and under professional medical supervision due to potential side effects and interactions with other medications.
Alkaloids are a type of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. They are often found in plants, and are known for their complex ring structures and diverse pharmacological activities. Many alkaloids have been used in medicine for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic properties. Examples of alkaloids include morphine, quinine, nicotine, and caffeine.
Malaria is not a medical definition itself, but it is a disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Here's a simple definition:
Malaria: A mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, characterized by cycles of fever, chills, and anemia. It can be fatal if not promptly diagnosed and treated. The five Plasmodium species known to cause malaria in humans are P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi.
Malaria, Falciparum is defined as a severe and often fatal form of malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. It is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. This type of malaria is characterized by high fever, chills, headache, muscle and joint pain, and vomiting. If left untreated, it can cause severe anemia, kidney failure, seizures, coma, and even death. It is a major public health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, particularly in Africa.
Malaria, Vivax:
A type of malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium vivax. It is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria, Vivax is characterized by recurring fevers, chills, and flu-like symptoms, which can occur every other day or every third day. This type of malaria can have mild to severe symptoms and can sometimes lead to complications such as anemia and splenomegaly (enlarged spleen). One distinguishing feature of Malaria, Vivax is its ability to form dormant stages in the liver (called hypnozoites), which can reactivate and cause relapses even after years of apparent cure. Effective treatment includes medication to kill both the blood and liver stages of the parasite. Preventive measures include using mosquito nets, insect repellents, and antimalarial drugs for prophylaxis in areas with high transmission rates.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Judaism" is not a medical term. It is a religion, ethnicity, and culture originating in the Judaea region of the Middle East. Judaism is based on the teachings of the Torah and the Talmud, and it includes various practices, beliefs, and traditions. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer those for you.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "jewelry" is not a term that has a medical definition. Jewelry refers to decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as rings, necklaces, bracelets, and earrings, which are typically made from precious metals and stones or other valuable materials. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I'd be happy to try to help answer those for you!
'Mosquito Control' is not a medical term per se, but it is a public health concept that refers to the systematic reduction or elimination of mosquito populations through various methods to prevent or minimize the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. This multidisciplinary field involves entomologists, ecologists, engineers, and public health professionals working together to manage mosquito habitats, apply insecticides, and educate communities about personal protection measures. By controlling mosquito populations, we can significantly reduce the risk of contracting vector-borne illnesses such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika virus, and West Nile virus, among others.
'Plasmodium falciparum' is a specific species of protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans. It is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes and has a complex life cycle involving both human and mosquito hosts.
In the human host, the parasites infect red blood cells, where they multiply and cause damage, leading to symptoms such as fever, chills, anemia, and in severe cases, organ failure and death. 'Plasmodium falciparum' malaria is often more severe and life-threatening than other forms of malaria caused by different Plasmodium species. It is a major public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world where access to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment remains limited.
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Seeds6
- The level of toxic alkaloids in the unprocessed Strychnos seeds used in traditional medicines can be determined using established HPLC methods and HPLC-UV methods. (wikipedia.org)
- Strychnine is a toxic alkaloid derived from the seeds of the trees Strychnos nux vomica , Strychnos ignatii (S. sancta Ingnatius), and Strychnos tiente (Upas tree), that can be found in India, southern Asia, northern Australia, and Hawaii. (cdc.gov)
- Brucine is an alkaloid obtained from strychnos seeds: (Strychnos nux-vomica L. and s. ignatii Berg, Loganiaceae). (inchem.org)
- Agriculture - Brucine and the other alkaloids obtained from the seeds of Strychnos have been used for destroying birds, rodents, moles and predatory animals (Vallet, 1964). (inchem.org)
- Nux vomica (dried ripe seeds of Strychnos nux) contains strychnine and brucine and is used in the preparation of homeopathic medicine. (inchem.org)
- Ingestion of the whole plant, particularly the seeds of S. nux- vomica and S. ignatii can cause poisoning. (inchem.org)
KUCHLA2
- Strychnos nux vomica KUCHLA / STRYCHNINE. (ethnoplants.com)
- Kuchla (Strychnos Nux Vomica). (247safegenerics.com)
Loganiaceae1
- The dried seed of the Strychnos nux-vomica plant of the Loganiaceae family is used. (e-lactancia.org)
Kupilu1
- Kupilu, Poison Nut (Strychnos nux-vomica) - Properties, Benefits, Dosage Description of Plant Kupilu (Strychnos nux-vomica) is medium sized tree with short and crooked trunk. (planetayurveda.com)
Strychnine tree1
- Strychnos nux-vomica, the strychnine tree, also known as nux vomica, poison fruit, semen strychnos, and quaker buttons, is a deciduous tree native to India and to southeast Asia. (wikipedia.org)
Medium-sized tree1
- Strychnos nux-vomica is a medium-sized tree with a potential height of 20 metres (66 feet). (wikipedia.org)
Alkaloids1
- These plants contain the alkaloids strychnine and brucine, but lethality of nux vomica is believed to parallel its content of strychnine. (inchem.org)
Plant2
- Strychnos nux-vomica L." The Plant List. (wikipedia.org)
- The primary natural source of strychnine is the plant Strychnos nux-vomica . (cdc.gov)
Family1
- Nux vomica), product number (e.g. 9001366), family (e.g. (remedia-homeopathy.com)
Medicine4
- Strychnos is promoted within alternative medicine as a treatment for many conditions, but the claims are not supported by medical evidence. (wikipedia.org)
- Strychnos is promoted within herbal medicine as being a treatment for a wide range of maladies, including cancer and heart disease. (wikipedia.org)
- In Ayurveda (the Indian system of Classical medicine), hudar is a mixture containing Strychnos nux-vomica. (wikipedia.org)
- Medicine - Extracts of nux vomica have been used in some preparations. (inchem.org)
LINN2
- 8. Brucine, an alkaloid from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica Linn. (nih.gov)
- Nux vomica consists of the dried, ripe seeds of Strychnos Nux-vomica , Linn. (henriettes-herb.com)
Kuchla2
- As the name suggests, Karaskara ghrita it contains karaskara/ kuchla ( Strychnos nux vomica ) as its primary ingredient. (planetayurveda.com)
- Kuchla (Strychnos nux-vomica)15 mg. (zoicpharmaceuticals.com)
Alkaloid2
- Strychnine is a toxic alkaloid derived from the seeds of the trees Strychnos nux vomica , Strychnos ignatii (S. sancta Ingnatius), and Strychnos tiente (Upas tree), that can be found in India, southern Asia, northern Australia, and Hawaii. (cdc.gov)
- The properties of nux vomica are virtually those of the alkaloid strychnine. (henriettes-herb.com)
Semecarpus1
- This invention relates to a polyherbal preparation useful for the prevention of atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia comprising a mixtue of 1 to 4 purified commiphora mukul, 0.5 to 4 pure Boswellia serrata, 0.1 to 0.4 purified semecarpus anacardium, 0.4 to 2 purified powder strychnos nux vomica, 0.3 to 2 pure powder of water extract of Termenallia arjuna, 0.5 to 2 shankha Bhusma, adding Rubia Cordifolia or Bacoparmonnieri or Triphala and Trikatu. (allindianpatents.com)
SEED5
- Your search for STRYCHNOS "NUX-VOMICA" SEED did not return any results. (nih.gov)
- Did you mean STRYCHNOS "NUX-vomit" SEED ? (nih.gov)
- Did you mean ACTIVATED CHARCOAL OR piece marijuana RESIN OR robin PSEUDOACACIA BARK OR STRYCHNOS "NUX-vomit" SEED ? (nih.gov)
- The traditional medicinal component is its seed, called Nux vomica. (nih.gov)
- CONCLUSION: Strychnos nux-vomica seed offers functional recovery promoting effects following a mechanical injury to the Sciatic nerve and the possible reasons behind this effect can be reduced oxidative stress and improved glycaemic control. (bvsalud.org)
Ingredient1
- Kupilu shuddha - Strychnos nux vomica: It is a wonderful natural ingredient that boosts up the energy and sexual stamina in men. (swamibabaramdevmedicines.com)
Brucine1
- Nux vomica contains the alkaloids strychnine and brucine, together with traces of strychnicine and of a glucoside, loganin. (henriettes-herb.com)
Fruit1
- The pulp of nux -vomica fruit contains about 5 per cent. (henriettes-herb.com)
Extract6
- The B.P. liquid extract of nux vomica is standardised to contain 1.5 per cent. (henriettes-herb.com)
- Extract of nux vomica is very often used in pills, in association with purgatives and with ferruginous preparations, in anaemia. (henriettes-herb.com)
- Extractum Nucis Vomicae, B.P. -EXTRACT OF NUX VOMICA. (henriettes-herb.com)
- The proportion of milk sugar required is determined by evaporating 35 mils of liquid extract of nux vomica to a moderately firm extract, weighing the residue, and multiplying the difference between the weight of the residue and 10.5 grammes by 10. (henriettes-herb.com)
- On account of the presence of fat extracted from the nux vomica seeds by the alcohol used in making liquid extract of nux vomica, the solid extract cannot readily be powdered. (henriettes-herb.com)
- Extract of nux vomica is very largely prescribed in pill form, frequently with aperients. (henriettes-herb.com)
20211
- 2021. Strychnos in Kew Science Plants of the World Online . (wikimedia.org)
Dose1
- METHODS: Here, we investigated the effect of processed Strychnos nux-vomica seeds at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight in a mouse model of induced Sciatic nerve lesion in promoting the recovery of the functions. (bvsalud.org)
Review2
- This study provides a relevant and comprehensive review of S. nux-vomica L., including its botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, thus providing a foundation for future studies. (nih.gov)
- This review collected the clinical trials and/or experimental studies on the pharmacological effects of Nux vomica . (jish-mldtrust.com)
Toxic1
- The level of toxic alkaloids in the unprocessed Strychnos seeds used in traditional medicines can be determined using established HPLC methods and HPLC-UV methods. (wikipedia.org)
Found1
- Nux vomica was found to be beneficial in treating baker's yeast-induced acute high-grade fever, pock-like lesions and Reiter's disease. (jish-mldtrust.com)
Preparation1
- of strychnine, and is used in the preparation of Tinctura Nucis Vomicae (0.25 per cent. (henriettes-herb.com)
Liquid1
- Analysis of strychnine from detoxified Strychnos nux-vomica [corrected] seeds using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. (nih.gov)
Tree1
- Strychnos nux-vomica is a medium-sized tree with a potential height of 20 metres (66 feet). (wikipedia.org)
Study1
- RESULTS: This study indicates that Strychnos nux-vomica seeds enhance the rate of recovery of both sensory and motor functions. (bvsalud.org)
Potential1
- demonstrated for the 1st time the in vivo antidotal potential for Nux vomica . (jish-mldtrust.com)
Studies1
- Improved oxidant control, enhanced glucose sensitivity and amended granulocyte and platelet counts are likely to contribute to the advantageous effects of Strychnos nux-vomica, and warrant further in-depth studies for deciphering possible mechanisms and identification of active constituent(s) responsible for these effects. (bvsalud.org)
Current1
- In fact, the current state of knowledge pertaining to Nux vomica research has not been consolidated. (jish-mldtrust.com)