Strabismus. Medical search

Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)

A form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a "cross-eye" appearance. An example of this condition occurs when paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle causes an abnormal inward deviation of one eye on attempted gaze.

The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.

A form of ocular misalignment where the visual axes diverge inappropriately. For example, medial rectus muscle weakness may produce this condition as the affected eye will deviate laterally upon attempted forward gaze. An exotropia occurs due to the relatively unopposed force exerted on the eye by the lateral rectus muscle, which pulls the eye in an outward direction.

A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications.

A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.

Surgery performed on the eye or any of its parts.

The blending of separate images seen by each eye into one composite image.

Application of tests and examinations to identify visual defects or vision disorders occurring in specific populations, as in school children, the elderly, etc. It is differentiated from VISION TESTS, which are given to evaluate/measure individual visual performance not related to a specific population.

A condition of an inequality of refractive power of the two eyes.

Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.

Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.

Change of heartbeat induced by pressure on the eyeball, manipulation of extraocular muscles, or pressure upon the tissue remaining in the orbital apex after enucleation.

Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.

Techniques for securing together the edges of a wound, with loops of thread or similar materials (SUTURES).

A pair of ophthalmic lenses in a frame or mounting which is supported by the nose and ears. The purpose is to aid or improve vision. It does not include goggles or nonprescription sun glasses for which EYE PROTECTIVE DEVICES is available.

Involuntary movements of the eye that are divided into two types, jerk and pendular. Jerk nystagmus has a slow phase in one direction followed by a corrective fast phase in the opposite direction, and is usually caused by central or peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Pendular nystagmus features oscillations that are of equal velocity in both directions and this condition is often associated with visual loss early in life. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p272)

Perception of three-dimensionality.

Paralysis of one or more of the ocular muscles due to disorders of the eye muscles, neuromuscular junction, supporting soft tissue, tendons, or innervation to the muscles.

An objective determination of the refractive state of the eye (NEARSIGHTEDNESS; FARSIGHTEDNESS; ASTIGMATISM). By using a RETINOSCOPE, the amount of correction and the power of lens needed can be determined.

The turning inward of the lines of sight toward each other.

The positioning and accommodation of eyes that allows the image to be brought into place on the FOVEA CENTRALIS of each eye.

A series of tests used to assess various functions of the eyes.

Refraction of LIGHT effected by the media of the EYE.

Images seen by one eye.

The absence or restriction of the usual external sensory stimuli to which the individual responds.

A form of spinal dysraphism associated with a protruding cyst made up of either meninges (i.e., a MENINGOCELE) or meninges in combination with spinal cord tissue (i.e., a MENINGOMYELOCELE). These lesions are frequently associated with spinal cord dysfunction, HYDROCEPHALUS, and SYRINGOMYELIA. (From Davis et al., Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp224-5)

A syndrome characterized by marked limitation of abduction of the eye, variable limitation of adduction and retraction of the globe, and narrowing of the palpebral fissure on attempted adduction. The condition is caused by aberrant innervation of the lateral rectus by fibers of the OCULOMOTOR NERVE.

The 3d cranial nerve. The oculomotor nerve sends motor fibers to the levator muscles of the eyelid and to the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye. It also sends parasympathetic efferents (via the ciliary ganglion) to the muscles controlling pupillary constriction and accommodation. The motor fibers originate in the oculomotor nuclei of the midbrain.

The dioptric adjustment of the EYE (to attain maximal sharpness of retinal imagery for an object of regard) referring to the ability, to the mechanism, or to the process. Ocular accommodation is the effecting of refractive changes by changes in the shape of the CRYSTALLINE LENS. Loosely, it refers to ocular adjustments for VISION, OCULAR at various distances. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. The nerve may be injured along its course in the pons, intracranially as it travels along the base of the brain, in the cavernous sinus, or at the level of superior orbital fissure or orbit. Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness, resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is abducted and ESOTROPIA. Common conditions associated with nerve injury include INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ISCHEMIA; and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS.

A type of massage in which finger pressure on specific body sites is used to promote healing, relieve fatigue, etc. Although the anatomical locations are the same as the ACUPUNCTURE POINTS used in ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY (hence acu-), no needle or other acupuncture technique is employed in acupressure. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed). Shiatsu is a modern outgrowth that focuses more on prevention than healing.

A polyester used for absorbable sutures & surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons.

Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.

Fractures of the bones in the orbit, which include parts of the frontal, ethmoidal, lacrimal, and sphenoid bones and the maxilla and zygoma.

The 6th cranial nerve which originates in the ABDUCENS NUCLEUS of the PONS and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the EYE. Damage to the nerve or its nucleus disrupts horizontal eye movement control.

A surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye and the medical and surgical treatment of its defects and diseases.

Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. With a complete oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abducted and inferior position, and the pupil will be markedly dilated. Commonly associated conditions include neoplasms, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ischemia (especially in association with DIABETES MELLITUS), and aneurysmal compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p270)

Disorders that feature impairment of eye movements as a primary manifestation of disease. These conditions may be divided into infranuclear, nuclear, and supranuclear disorders. Diseases of the eye muscles or oculomotor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) are considered infranuclear. Nuclear disorders are caused by disease of the oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nuclei in the BRAIN STEM. Supranuclear disorders are produced by dysfunction of higher order sensory and motor systems that control eye movements, including neural networks in the CEREBRAL CORTEX; BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; and BRAIN STEM. Ocular torticollis refers to a head tilt that is caused by an ocular misalignment. Opsoclonus refers to rapid, conjugate oscillations of the eyes in multiple directions, which may occur as a parainfectious or paraneoplastic condition (e.g., OPSOCLONUS-MYOCLONUS SYNDROME). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p240)

A surgical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose, and throat.

Normal nystagmus produced by looking at objects moving across the field of vision.

Surgery performed on the ear and its parts, the nose and nasal cavity, or the throat, including surgery of the adenoids, tonsils, pharynx, and trachea.

Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.

The white, opaque, fibrous, outer tunic of the eyeball, covering it entirely excepting the segment covered anteriorly by the cornea. It is essentially avascular but contains apertures for vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. It receives the tendons of insertion of the extraocular muscles and at the corneoscleral junction contains the canal of Schlemm. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Instruments used to observe distant objects.

A refractive error in which rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus behind the retina, as a result of the eyeball being too short from front to back. It is also called farsightedness because the near point is more distant than it is in emmetropia with an equal amplitude of accommodation. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

It is a form of protection provided by law. In the United States this protection is granted to authors of original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. (from Circular of the United States Copyright Office, 6/30/2008)

Protective measures against unauthorized access to or interference with computer operating systems, telecommunications, or data structures, especially the modification, deletion, destruction, or release of data in computers. It includes methods of forestalling interference by computer viruses or so-called computer hackers aiming to compromise stored data.

The privacy of information and its protection against unauthorized disclosure.

The state of being free from intrusion or disturbance in one's private life or affairs. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)

Family study of inherited syndrome with multiple congenital deformities: symphalangism, carpal and tarsal fusion, brachydactyly, craniosynostosis, strabismus, hip osteochondritis. (1/819)

A syndrome of brachydactyly (absence of some middle or distal phalanges), aplastic or hypoplastic nails, symphalangism (ankylois of proximal interphalangeal joints), synostosis of some carpal and tarsal bones, craniosynostosis, and dysplastic hip joints is reported in five members of an Italian family. It may represent a previously undescribed autosomal dominant trait. (+info)

Risk factors for strabismus in children born before 32 weeks' gestation. (2/819)

AIM: To investigate risk factors associated with strabismus in children born prematurely. METHODS: Prospective study of all children born before 32 weeks' gestation between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 1991 in a geographically defined population of approximately 3 million in the Northern Region of the United Kingdom. All children were examined aged 2 years by the same ophthalmologist and paediatrician. RESULTS: 558 children (98.6% of study group) were examined. Logistic regression showed an increased risk of strabismus in children with cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity (p=0.02), refractive error (p=0.003), family history of strabismus (p<0.0001), and poor neurodevelopmental outcome (p<0.0001), in particular impaired locomotor skills (p=0.008) and hand-eye coordination (p=0. 001). Gestational age and regressed acute ROP were not independent risk factors for strabismus (p=0.92 and 0.85 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified factors which are independently related to strabismus (although not necessarily causative) and others which are related only indirectly. This may contribute both to the management of children born prematurely and to future studies of the aetiology of strabismus. (+info)

A deficit in strabismic amblyopia for global shape detection. (3/819)

Using a task which relied upon the detection of sinusoidal deformations from circularity, we show that strabismic amblyopes exhibit deficits which are not critically dependent on either the scale of deformation or the spatial frequency characteristics of the stimulus (circular D4) itself. We show that this loss is not due to the restricted passband of the amblyopic eye. Furthermore, in a pedestal distortion experiment, we show that the suprathreshold form of this loss is consistent with an elevated level of 'intrinsic noise' rather than a loss in 'sampling efficiency'. (+info)

Orientation-based texture segmentation in strabismic amblyopia. (4/819)

Texture segmentation of 'target' Gabors from an array of 'background' Gabors was measured in terms of the difference in orientation between the two regions, as well as the difference in orientation within each region. Segmentation was shown to occur on the basis of local orientation differences at the boundary between the target and background regions (Nothdurft, H.C. (1992). Feature analysis and the role of similarity in preattentive vision. Perception and Psychophysics, 52, 355-375.). We obtained similar results for both the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eye of three strabismic amblyopes, and showed also that the effects of texture undersampling and positional jitter were similar for the two eyes. This pattern of results is consistent with intact mechanisms of texture perception in amblyopic cortex, and suggests also that any amblyopic deficits in first-order cortical units (undersampling and/or positional uncertainty) do not limit higher-order texture segmentation processes. Therefore, first- and second-order processes involved in perceptual grouping of oriented elements (that appear to be abnormal in amblyopic cortex; Kovacs, I., Polat, U., Norcia, A.M. (1996). Breakdown of binding mechanisms in amblyopia. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Abstracts; Mussap, A.J., Levi, D.M. (1995). Amblyopic deficits in perception of second-order orientation. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Supplement), 36, S634; Mussap, A.J., Levi, D.M. (1998). Amblyopic deficits in perceptual grouping. Vision Research, submitted) do not contribute to texture perception based on orientation contrast. (+info)

Position jitter and undersampling in pattern perception. (5/819)

The present paper addresses whether topographical jitter or undersampling might limit pattern perception in foveal, peripheral and strabismic amblyopic vision. In the first experiment, we measured contrast thresholds for detecting and identifying the orientation (up, down, left, right) of E-like patterns comprised of Gabor samples. We found that detection and identification thresholds were both degraded in peripheral and amblyopic vision; however, the orientation identification/detection threshold ratio was approximately the same in foveal, peripheral and amblyopic vision. This result is somewhat surprising, because we anticipated that a high degree of uncalibrated topographical jitter in peripheral and amblyopic vision would have affected orientation identification to a greater extent than detection. In the second experiment, we investigated the tolerance of human and model observers to perturbation of the positions of the samples defining the pattern when its contrast was suprathreshold, by measuring a 'jitter threshold' (the amount of jitter required to reduce performance from near perfect to 62.5% correct). The results and modeling of our jitter experiments suggest that pattern identification is highly robust to positional jitter. The positional tolerance of foveal, peripheral and amblyopic vision is equal to about half the separation of the features and the close similarity between the three visual systems argues against extreme topographical jitter. The effects of jitter on human performance are consistent with the predictions of a 'template' model. In the third experiment we determined what fraction of the 17 Gabor samples are needed to reliably identify the orientation of the E-patterns by measuring a 'sample threshold' (the proportion of samples required for 62.5% correct performance). In foveal vision, human observers are highly efficient requiring only about half the samples for reliable pattern identification. Relative to an ideal observer model, humans perform this task with 85% efficiency. In contrast, in both peripheral vision and strabismic amblyopia more samples are required. The increased number of features required in peripheral vision and strabismic amblyopia suggests that in these visual systems, the stimulus is underrepresented at the stage of feature integration. (+info)

Assessment of cortical dysfunction in human strabismic amblyopia using magnetoencephalography (MEG). (6/819)

The aim of this study was to use the technique of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to determine the effects of strabismic amblyopia on the processing of spatial information within the occipital cortex of humans. We recorded evoked magnetic responses to the onset of a chromatic (red/green) sinusoidal grating of periodicity 0.5-4.0 c deg-1 using a 19-channel SQUID-based neuromagnetometer. Evoked responses were recorded monocularly on six amblyopes and six normally-sighted controls, the stimuli being positioned near the fovea in the lower right visual field of each observer. For comparison, the spatial contrast sensitivity function (CSF) for the detection of chromatic gratings was measured for one amblyope and one control using a two alternate forced-choice psychophysical procedure. We chose red/green sinusoids as our stimuli because they evoke strong magnetic responses from the occipital cortex in adult humans (Fylan, Holliday, Singh, Anderson & Harding. (1997). Neuroimage, 6, 47-57). Magnetic field strength was plotted as a function of stimulus spatial frequency for each eye of each subject. Interocular differences were only evident within the amblyopic group: for stimuli of 1-2 c deg-1, the evoked responses had significantly longer latencies and reduced amplitudes through the amblyopic eye (P < 0.05). Importantly, the extent of the deficit was uncorrelated with either Snellen acuity or contrast sensitivity. Localization of the evoked responses was performed using a single equivalent current dipole model. Source localizations, for both normal and amblyopic subjects, were consistent with neural activity at the occipital pole near the V1/V2 border. We conclude that MEG is sensitive to the deficit in cortical processing associated with human amblyopia, and can be used to make quantitative neurophysiological measurements. The nature of the cortical deficit is discussed. (+info)

The puzzle of autism: an ophthalmologic contribution. (7/819)

PURPOSE: A previous study of 86 thalidomide-affected subjects with ophthalmic manifestations revealed the unexpected finding of autism in 4 of the 5 severely retarded individuals. The subjects had anomalies associated with an early gestational effect of thalidomide, including facial nerve palsy and incomitant strabismus. Because autism has been observed in a few cases of Mobius sequence (Mobius syndrome), a condition characterized by involvement of the sixth and seventh cranial nerves, the similarity to early thalidomide embryopathy suggested a relation between cranial nerve involvement and autism. The present study was undertaken to further evaluate the association of autism with patients manifesting findings of Mobius syndrome. METHODS: A prospective study of 25 Swedish patients with Mobius sequence was conducted. The patients had a complete multidisciplinary evaluation, including ophthalmologic and psychiatric examinations and standard testing for autism. Findings associated with autism were compared with the ocular and systemic anomalies of the 4 thalidomide-affected subjects. RESULTS: In the Mobius group 6 patients had autism, achieving the criteria for autism according to all the diagnostic manuals that were used. One patient showed autistic-like conditions meeting fewer numbers of the criteria. A few were too young to be meeting evaluated. Incomitant strabismus ranging from primary abduction defects alone to a horizontal gaze paresis pattern was noted in these patients, in addition to characteristic findings of seventh nerve paresis. Aberrant lacrimation was observed in many cases, especially often associated with autism. CONCLUSION: The common group of anomalies noted in both cases of thalidomide embryopathy and Mobius sequence suggests that brain-stem damage probably early in embryogenesis can sometimes be associated with autism. (+info)

The therapy of amblyopia: an analysis of the results of amblyopia therapy utilizing the pooled data of published studies. (8/819)

CONTEXT: Although the treatment of amblyopia with occlusion has changed little over the past 3 centuries, there is little agreement about which regimes are most effective and for what reasons. OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of occlusion therapy in patients with anisometropic, strabismic, and strabismic-anisometropic amblyopia employing the raw data from 961 patients reported in 23 studies published between 1965 and 1994. DESIGN: Analysis of the published literature on amblyopia therapy results during the above interval, utilizing primary data obtained from the authors of these articles or tables published in the articles detailing individual patient outcomes. PARTICIPANTS: 961 amblyopic patients, participants in 23 studies, undergoing patching therapy for amblyopia from 1965 to 1994 with anisometropia, strabismus, or anisometropia-strabismus. MAIN OUTCOMES: In the pooled data set, success of occlusion therapy was defined as visual acuity of 20/40 at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Success by the 20/40 criteria was achieved in 512 of 689 (74.3%) patients. By category, 312 of 402 (77.6%) were successful in strabismic amblyopia, 44 of 75 (58.7%) in strabismic-anisometropic amblyopia, and 72 of 108 (66.7%) in anisometropic amblyopia. Success was not related to the duration of occlusion therapy, type of occlusion used, accompanying refractive error, patient's sex, or eye. Univariate analyses showed that success was related to the age at which therapy was initiated; the type of amblyopia; the depth of visual loss before treatment for the anisometropic patients and the strabismic patients, but not for the anisometropic-strabismic patients; and the difference in spherical equivalents between eyes, for the anisometropic patients. Logistic/linear regression revealed that 3 were independent predictors of a successful outcome of amblyopia therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Factors that appear most closely related to a successful outcome are age, type of amblyopia, and depth of visual loss before treatment. These may be related to factors, as yet undetermined in the pathogenesis of amblyopia. With present emphasis on the value of screening and prevention and the development of new screening tools, such a look at the results of amblyopia therapy in a large population seems indicated. (+info)

Blepharospasm and strabismus[edit]. See also: Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus. University-based ophthalmologists in the ... Strabismus[edit]. Ophthalmologists specializing in eye muscle disorders (strabismus) had developed the method of EMG-guided ... Strabismus, otherwise known as improper eye alignment, is caused by imbalances in the actions of muscles that rotate the eyes. ... Scott AB (1994). "Change of eye muscle sarcomeres according to eye position". Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum

Blepharospasm and strabismus[edit]. See also: Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus. University-based ophthalmologists in the ... Strabismus[edit]. Ophthalmologists specializing in eye muscle disorders (strabismus) had developed the method of EMG-guided ... Strabismus is caused by imbalances in the actions of muscles that rotate the eyes, and can sometimes be relieved by weakening a ... He injected the first strabismus patients in 1977, reported its clinical utility in 1980,[47] and had soon trained hundreds of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botox

Strabismus; misalignment or crossing of the eyes when viewing an object, direct hypermetropia; farsightedness, and nystagmus; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZTTK_syndrome

Final Activity and Management Report Summary - SVS (Strabismus and visual suppression), CORDIS Birch EE (2013). "Amblyopia and ... Strabismus. 15 (3): 197-203. doi:10.1080/09273970701631975. PMID 18058356. S2CID 26471932. Georgievski Z, Koklanis K, Leone J ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyepatch

Also when children with congenital (infantile) strabismus (e.g. infantile esotropia) receive strabismus surgery within the ... "The majority of adults will experience some improvement in binocular function after strabismus surgery even if the strabismus ... Strabismus surgery itself does not improve visual acuity. Orthoptic exercises have proven to be effective for reducing symptoms ... In cases of acquired strabismus with double vision (diplopia), it is long-established state of the art to aim at curing the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereopsis_recovery

Strabismus. 2020 Sep;28(3):115-118. doi: 10.1080/09273972.2020.1802181. Epub 2020 Aug 19. PMID 32813596 Looking at Buswell's ... Strabismus. 2018 Dec;26(4):211-222. doi: 10.1080/09273972.2018.1539388. PMID 32370636 Receptor Visionaries. Wade NJ. Perception ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_J._Wade

Hess RF, Mansouri B, Thompson B (2011). "Restoration of binocular vision in amblyopia". Strabismus. 19 (3): 110-8. doi:10.3109/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichoptic_presentation

late infantile strabismus surgery study (ELISSS), a controlled, prospective, multicenter study". Strabismus. 4 (13). pp. 169- ... Aside the strabismus itself, there are other aspects or conditions that appear to improve after surgery or botulinum toxin eye ... Further recent evidence indicates that a cause for infantile strabismus may lie with the input that is provided to the visual ... ISBN 978-1-4511-7834-0. Kenneth W. Wright; Yi Ning J. Strube (19 November 2014). Color Atlas Of Strabismus Surgery: Strategies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantile_esotropia

The influence of strabismus surgery on the Listing's planes of the two eyes is not fully understood. In one study, patients' ... Disorders of the eye muscles (such as strabismus) often cause torsional offsets in eye position that are particularly ... Strabismus. 10 (3): 199-209. doi:10.1076/stra.10.3.199.8124. PMID 12461714. Crawford, J. D.; Martinez-Trujillo, J. C.; Klier, E ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listing's_law

1993). "Ametropic Amblyopia". Strabismus. Informa Plc. 1 (2): 63-67. doi:10.3109/09273979309087719. PMID 21314500. Abraham, S. ... "Amblyopia case reports--bilateral hypermetropic ametropic amblyopia." Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus 22.5 ( ... V. "Bilateral ametropic amblyopia." J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1 (1964): 57-61. Werner, D. B., and W. E. Scott. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ametropic_amblyopia

Congenital fourth cranial nerve palsy can be treated with strabismus surgery, where muscle attachment sites on the globe are ... Chang MY, Coleman AL, Tseng VL, Demer JL (November 2017). "Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique ... Strabismus. 9 (2): 83-90. doi:10.1076/stra.9.2.83.702. PMID 11458297. S2CID 40468690.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_fourth_nerve_palsy

CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Esotropia , Exotropia , Treatment Options , Strabismus". www.strabismus.org. Retrieved ... Treatment for strabismus may include orthoptics a term used for eye muscle training, this treatment can be provided by ... The main cause of strabismus is usually the muscular imbalance of the six surrounding muscles that allow both eyes to focus on ... Further symptoms of strabismus include decreased vision, double vision, headaches, asthenopia and eye fatigue. Scoliosis, is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_imbalance

The inability of an eye to turn outward, results in a convergent strabismus or esotropia of which the primary symptom is ... Sixth nerve palsy causes the eyes to deviate inward (see: Pathophysiology of strabismus). Vallee et al. report that benign and ... Harley RD (January 1980). "Paralytic strabismus in children. Etiologic incidence and management of the third, fourth, and sixth ... Strabismus. 14 (4): 177-81. doi:10.1080/09273970601026201. PMID 17162438. Britt MT, Velez FG, Thacker N, Alcorn D, Foster RS, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_nerve_palsy

Murthy R, Naik MN, Desai S, Honavar SG (2009). "PHACE syndrome associated with congenital oculomotor nerve palsy". Strabismus. ... J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 50 Online: e37-40. doi:10.3928/01913913-20130730-01. PMID 24261320.CS1 maint: multiple names: ... J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 50 Online: e18-20. doi:10.3928/01913913-20130423-03. PMID 23614508.CS1 maint: multiple names: ... J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 50 Online: e18-20. doi:10.3928/01913913-20130423-03. PMID 24601412.CS1 maint: multiple names: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santosh_G._Honavar

When one or more of these muscles does not work properly, some form of strabismus may occur. Strabismus is more common in ... Strabismus surgery is sometimes recommended if the exotropia is present for more than half of each day or if the frequency is ... In young children with any form of strabismus, the brain may learn to ignore the misaligned eye's image and see only the image ... However, strabismus surgery is usually a safe and effective treatment. "Exotropia Origin". dictionary.com. Retrieved 21 July ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotropia

The most common strabismus finding is large angle exotropia which can be treated by maximal bilateral eye surgery, but due to ... Tinley, C; Dawson, E; Lee, J (June 2010). "The management of strabismus in patients with chronic progressive external ... the progressive nature of the disease, strabismus may recur. Those that have diplopia as a result of asymmetric ophthalmoplegia ... ophthalmoplegia". Strabismus. 18 (2): 41-7. doi:10.3109/09273971003758388. PMID 20521878. https://web.archive.org/web/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_progressive_external_ophthalmoplegia

Many patients with ROHHAD experience strabismus, which is a weakness in eye muscle causing a "cross-eyed" effect. This can be ... "Strabismus - AAPOS". www.aapos.org. Retrieved 2018-06-08. "Bradycardia - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2018-06- ... Examples of autonomic dysfunction include hyperthermia, hypothermia, pupillary dysfunction, strabismus, chronic constipation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROHHAD

2010). "The neuroanatomical basis of accommodation and vergence". Strabismus Surgery. Surgical techniques in ophthalmology. New ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_reflex

1805". Strabismus. 11 (1): 63-8. doi:10.1076/stra.11.1.63.14089. PMID 12789585. Mitchell RN. "Eye, Orbit". Pocket companion to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenon_capsule

... is a form of strabismus in which one or both eyes turns inward. The condition can be constantly present, or occur ... It is the most frequent type of natural strabismus not only in humans, but also in monkeys. Concomitant esotropia can itself be ... "Squint / Strabismus". Parallel Vision Problems. British and Irish Orthoptic Society. "Esotropia". EyeWiki. American Academy of ... Only about 20% of children with hyperopia greater than +3.5 diopters develop strabismus. Where the esotropia is solely a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esotropia

Many characteristics of a strabismus can be gained from performing the cover test. The type of deviation: whether it be eso, ... Stages in the detection of a manifest deviation When a patient has a manifest strabismus the uncovered eye will take up ... The cover test should be considered prior to testing VA patients with strabismus, for occlusion during testing may dissociate ... and managing strabismus". Community Eye Health/International Centre for Eye Health. 23: 12-14. PMID 20523857. Complex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_test

"Strabismus (crossed eyes)". www.aoa.org. Retrieved 2020-12-16. CDC (2019-12-04). "Facts about Craniosynostosis , CDC". Centers ... Facial Long philtrum Small chin Ptosis Epicanthal folds Strabismus High, broad nasal root Enamel hypoplasia Neck Excess nuchal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCARF_syndrome

... have strabismus, in which the two eyes do not move together.[1] Cataracts (cloudiness of the lens of the eye) occur in 15%,[9] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down's_syndrome

Kenneth Weston Wright; Peter H. Spiegel (January 2003). Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Springer Science & Business ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofixation_syndrome

Apple DJ, Jones GR, Reidy JJ, Loftfield K (1985). "Ocular perforation and phthisis bulbi secondary to strabismus surgery". J ... Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 22 (5): 184-7. PMID 4045647. Cote RE, Haddad SE (1990). "Fitting a prosthesis over phthisis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthisis_bulbi

Basic and clinical science course (2011-2012). Pediatric ophthalmology and Strabismus. American Academy of Ophthalmology. ISBN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_cataract

"Strabismus and Amblyopia in Children". Adults with Strabismus Service, Children's Boston. Archived from the original on June 9 ... "Adults with Strabismus Service , Boston Children's Hospital". www.childrenshospital.org. Retrieved 2020-12-17. "Adult Cystic ... Boston Children's Hospital also houses an adult strabismus service that offers comprehensive evaluation and treatment for ... congenital heart disease and strabismus), Children's also treats adult patients. The institution is home to 40 clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Children's_Hospital

ISBN 978-0-387-95478-3. AAPOS website on Strabismus, also containing FAQ's on the subject of Strabismus. ... In general, strabismus can be approached and treated with a variety of procedures. Depending on the individual case, treatment ... Hypertropia is a condition of misalignment of the eyes (strabismus), whereby the visual axis of one eye is higher than the ... Specialty fellowship trained pediatric ophthalmologists and strabismus surgeons are best equipped to deal with these complex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertropia

Kapp, M. E.; von Noorden, G. K.; Jenkins, R (1995). "Strabismus in Williams syndrome". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 119 ( ... Up to 75% of subjects in some studies have strabismus (ocular misalignment), particularly esotropia, due to inherent subnormal ... Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 34 (1): 58-60. PMID 9027682. Olsen, R. K.; Kippenhan, J. S.; Japee, S.; Kohn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_syndrome

Crossed Eyes (Strabismus) * Diabetic Macular Oedema * Eye Floaters and Eye Flashes * Eyelid Twitching ...

https://www.bausch.com.my/redirect/?url=https://https://www.bausch.com.my/redirect/?url=https://xn--80a6abec.su/user/profile/14774

There are several types of strabismus according to the direction of the wayward eye that are differentiated in the diagnostic process. (news-medical.net)
This is not necessarily true for all types of strabismus and further investigation is required to reach a consensus on this particular aspect of the surgery. (wikipedia.org)
There are several different types of strabismus, including a lazy eye. (medicalnewstoday.com)
There are different types of strabismus. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Many types of strabismus can develop in children or adults, but the two most common forms are below. (aoa.org)
Some types of strabismus now can be treated with a new drug instead of surgery. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
You will integrate theoretical concepts with practical instrumentation and clinical techniques to apply optical, orthoptic, medical and surgical management for various types of strabismus in an evidence based medical context with multidisciplinary provisions (incorporating ophthalmology, neurology, radiology and endocrinology). (edu.au)
What are the types of strabismus? (clevelandclinic.org)
The two most common types of strabismus include accommodative esotropia and intermittent exotropia. (everydayfamily.com)
Mental illness and these two types of strabismus could both be a result of these vascular insults to the brain over time," says Dr. Mohney. (mayoclinic.org)

Strabismus , also called squint , misalignment of the eyes . (britannica.com)
What's to know about squint, or strabismus? (medicalnewstoday.com)
A squint, or strabismus, is a condition in which the eyes do not align properly. (medicalnewstoday.com)
People who have strabismus often squint in bright sunlight or tilt their heads to focus their eyes. (encyclopedia.com)
Strabismus (syn.squint) and amblyopia are common conditions in childhood, with strabismus affecting about 5% of five year olds of whom 60% have eso-deviations and 20% exo-deviations. (mrcophth.com)
Strabismus is a more medical term for squint and you may hear it being used by eye care professionals. (rnib.org.uk)
Strabismus crossed eyes, or squint eyes as we call it is an eye condition wherein both the eyes are not aligned equally in the same direction. (sooperarticles.com)
Squint, which technically is called strabismus, is an abnormal condition in which one eye deviates, or both eyes deviate, instead of pointing directly toward an object being looked at. (iblindness.org)
What Is Strabismus And What Is Squint? (myhealth.gov.my)
Strabismus is also known as squint. (myhealth.gov.my)
Strabismus/squint always require early assessment by an eye doctor. (myhealth.gov.my)
The study was conducted on patients aged under 45 years, presenting with horizontal strabismus and undergoing monocular squint surgery. (dovepress.com)
Sometimes called as crossed-eyes, walleye (or squint), strabismus is a vision problem in which both eyes do not look at the same point at the same time. (eyedoctorguide.com)
You may have heard terms such as lazy eye, squint, and wandering eye used to describe strabismus and amblyopia. (baycare.org)
Strabismus, or squint, is the misalignment of the eyes. (healthpoint.co.nz)
Common causes of strabismus (squint) in adults can be due to trauma to the eye muscle or bony structure around the eyeball, paralysis of the nerves innervating the muscle(s) and sometimes due to thyroid diseases. (healthpoint.co.nz)

Early diagnosis is important because severe cases of strabismus that go untreated can result in loss of vision. (news-medical.net)
In some cases of strabismus, eyeglasses can be prescribed for your child to straighten the eyes. (aao.org)
It is assumed throughout this document that those professionals dealing with common and uncommon cases of strabismus and amblyopia will have had adequate training and experience to manage children with these conditions. (mrcophth.com)
Our highly experienced pediatric ophthalmologists are known locally and nationally for handling the most difficult cases of strabismus. (childrenshospital.org)
Our highly trained and experienced pediatric ophthalmologists are known locally and nationally for treating the common as well as the most difficult and complex cases of strabismus. (willseye.org)
Most cases of strabismus are of unknown cause. (myhealth.gov.my)
In most cases of strabismus in children, the cause is unknown. (brailleplus.net)
However, it is not uncommon to see cases of strabismus in adolescents and people of mature age. (eyedoctorguide.com)

According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, about four in every one hundred adults in the United States have strabismus. (encyclopedia.com)
A mini-symposium published in the Journal of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus provides important insights into new techniques and treatments that show promise for eliminating retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) throughout the world. (news-medical.net)
In this subject, you will build on concepts presented in Binocular Vision, Concomitant Strabismus and Neuro-ophthalmology and Eye Movement Systems. (edu.au)
In most cases, the only way to truly remedy adult strabismus is by having eye muscle surgery, according to the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS). (ehow.co.uk)
For over twenty years Dr. Wright has enjoyed teaching pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus fellows, and has alumni throughout the world. (springer.com)
Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, by Oxford University Press, the award winning Atlas of Strabismus Surgery, by Springer Publishing, and the top selling book Pediatric Ophthalmology for Primary Care, by the American Academy of Pediatrics. (springer.com)
Dr. Yi Ning J. Strube is an Assistant Professor and Director of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus in the Department of Ophthalmology at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. (springer.com)
A templated format expedites access to the guidance you need to diagnose the most common conditions related to pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus - from simple to complex - encountered in practice. (elsevier.com)
to the Second Edition here have been significant changes in pediatric Chapter 56 by Maya Eibschitz-Tsimhoni, MD, is a T ophthalmology and strabismus since the first wonderful contribution to the literature, as it reviews edition. (abebooks.com)
In addition to As with the first edition, our goal is to present a updating and revising the entire book, we have added comprehensive textbook of pediatric ophthalmology three new chapters: Chapter 7 on electrophysiology and strabismus written in a clear, reader-friendly style. (abebooks.com)
and the eye, Chapter 1 7 on strabismus surgery, and Our hope is that the readerwill find the second edi Chapter 56 on congenital syndromes with ocular man tion of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus to ifestations. (abebooks.com)
Kenneth W. Wright, M.D. currently holds an appointment at Head of the Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Department at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio. (abebooks.com)
His credentialsas a leader in Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus are well founded as hechairs the Membership, Credentials, and Nominating committees of the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology. (abebooks.com)
His most well known publications include the series which he co-edited with Stephen Ryan (author of our Retina book) entitled Color Atlas of Ophthalmology (8 volume set, each volume 200 pages, 125 illustrations, 71 of which are color, J.B. Lippincott, published 1991) and the definitive reference, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, published by Mosby in 1995. (abebooks.com)
The Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus is a bimonthly peer-reviewed publication for pediatric ophthalmologists. (healio.com)
American Academy of Ophthalmology Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus Panel (2012). (peacehealth.org)
Wilmer's Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus treats the full spectrum of children's vision problems. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The impetus for this study is a recent report published in the American Journal of Ophthalmology , which concluded that in adults, strabismus measurements do not significantly change after dilation with tropicamide and phenylephrine. (tuftsmedicalcenter.org)
The Center for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus utilizes the combined expertise of the UH Eye Institute and University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital to provide optimum care for vision-threatening conditions in children. (uhhospitals.org)
Strabismus is associated with reduced functional vision and eye-related quality of life (ER-QOL) in children, according to a study published in JAMA Ophthalmology. (ajmc.com)
With innovative techniques, the Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Unit specializes in diagnosing and treating children with vision problems, including strabismus. (tasmc.org.il)
The Ophthalmology and Strabismus Unit offers vision testing for infants, early identification of risk factors for lazy eye, identification of congenital eye problems, and follow-up for preterm infants. (tasmc.org.il)
One position is available on a competitive basis each year in the Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Fellowship at Mayo Clinic's campus in Rochester, Minnesota. (mayo.edu)
PHILADELPHIA , April 10, 2017 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Gil Binenbaum, MD , a pediatric eye surgeon in the Division of Ophthalmology at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), has received the 2017 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) Young Investigator Award. (prnewswire.com)

Treatment depends on the type of strabismus and the underlying cause. (wikipedia.org)
Surgery is indicated when other, less invasive methods have been unable to treat the misalignment or when the procedure will significantly improve quality of life and/or visual function.The type of surgery for a given patient depends on the type of strabismus they are experiencing. (wikipedia.org)
Strabismus is the broad name for ALL eye muscle problems (think automobiles) crossed eyes is called esotropia and is a specific type of strabismus (think Ford). (medhelp.org)
The types of treatments may be used alone or in combination, depending on the type of strabismus and its cause. (preventblindness.org)
Esotropia is the most common type of strabismus. (encyclopedia.com)
This type of strabismus typically starts in the first few years of life. (clevelandclinic.org)
In this type of strabismus, one eye will fixate (concentrate) on a target while the other eye is pointing outward. (clevelandclinic.org)
Another type of strabismus is called infantile esotropia. (clevelandclinic.org)
The treatment for this type of strabismus is surgery on the muscles of one or both eyes to correct the alignment. (clevelandclinic.org)

If strabismus has occurred because of vision loss, the vision loss will need to be corrected before strabismus surgery can be successful. (medlineplus.gov)
For some, these issues improved dramatically following strabismus surgery. (wikipedia.org)
Strabismus surgery (also: extraocular muscle surgery, eye muscle surgery, or eye alignment surgery) is surgery on the extraocular muscles to correct strabismus, the misalignment of the eyes. (wikipedia.org)
Strabismus surgery is a one-day procedure that is usually performed under general anesthesia most commonly by either a neuro- or pediatric ophthalmologist. (wikipedia.org)
Strabismus surgery is one of many options used to treat any misalignment of the eyes, called strabismus. (wikipedia.org)
The goal of strabismus surgery is to correct misalignment of the eyes. (wikipedia.org)
2. When it comes to treating the patient with strabismus many ophthalmologists think of surgery first, but there are several instances where the non-surgical method is best! (slideshare.net)
Our doctors see adults and children who have eye disorders such as refractive errors (the need for glasses), strabismus (crossed eyes), and amblyopia ("lazy eye"), and they frequently manage complex eye alignment problems after injuries or previous surgery. (ohsu.edu)
Treating strabismus sometimes means having surgery. (ohsu.edu)
How is strabismus surgery done? (aao.org)
To investigate the incidence of asystole during strabismus surgery. (nature.com)
Six months to 80 years of age of 3628 consecutive patients who underwent strabismus surgery from October 1994 to May 2007 were enrolled. (nature.com)
Four patients (0.11%) under general anaesthesia showed asystole during strabismus surgery. (nature.com)
Three patients had previously undergone uneventful strabismus surgery. (nature.com)
Patients who undergo strabismus surgery are at risk of intraoperative bradycardia due to oculocardiac reflex (OCR). (nature.com)
4 Another study, albeit not involving strabismus surgery, found a frequency of cardiac arrest under general anaesthesia during ophthalmological operations of 0.24% (2/822). (nature.com)
6 The present study was undertaken to investigate the incidence of asystole in patients undergoing strabismus surgery under general anaesthesia. (nature.com)
Four of the 3628 patients (0.11%) who underwent strabismus surgery under general anaesthesia showed asystole lasting more than 6 s after right inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, or left lateral rectus stimulation, respectively, during strabismus surgery. (nature.com)
Processed amniotic membrane for conjunctival reconstruction in complex strabismus surgery. (bioportfolio.com)
In our cases, we used it in patients with restrictive strabismus or conjunctival problems during or following complex eye muscle surgery. (bioportfolio.com)
The Atlas of Strabismus Surgery, Fourth Edition clearly and succinctly shares with the reader strategies and surgical techniques to improve the care of patients, starting with the simple basics and progressing to more complicated procedures. (springer.com)
Complete with hundreds of color illustrations, The Atlas of Strabismus Surgery, Fourth Edition covers the management of a wide range of strabismus disorders, from the relatively simple horizontal strabismus, to the complex cyclo-vertical deviations. (springer.com)
If eyeglasses, eye patching, and/or atropine drops can't fix a child's strabismus, eye muscle surgery might be needed. (nemours.org)
Botulinum toxin had a poorer response than surgery in a trial of patients requiring treatment for horizontal strabismus in the absence of binocular vision. (nih.gov)
Color Atlas of Strabismus Surgery: Strategies and Techniques provides concise, comprehensive descriptions of surgical procedures by one of the world's leading experts. (springer.com)
Overall, I greatly enjoyed this excellently composed compendium of strabismus surgery. (springer.com)
The book has been written to serve as a practical text to teach strabismus surgical technique, with the incorporation of both line drawings and photographs of actual surgery. (springer.com)
The book is intended to benefit both the resident ophthalmologist to develop his/her understanding of strabismus surgery and the experienced strabismologist, to learn nuances of strabismus surgery. (springer.com)
All in all an excellent book to learn about strabismus surgery, next only to first hand experience. (springer.com)
What is the typical cost of strabismus surgery? (reference.com)
Children and adults undergo strabismus surgery, during which a surgeon makes a tiny incision in the eye to detach and reattach muscles that move the organ. (reference.com)
The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of 5 % vs. 1.25 % povidone-iodine (PI) as preoperative antiseptic prior to strabismus surgery in children as a prophylaxis of endophthalmitis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Secondary objective is a reduction of the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis after strabismus surgery in young children. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Background: Endophthalmitis after strabismus surgery in young children leads to blindness and loss of the affected eye. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Since endophthalmitis after strabismus surgery especially affects young children and the bacterial flora of the conjunctiva in children is different from that in adults, the cataract PI study should be repeated in young children operated for strabismus. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Strabismus in adults can be treated in a variety of ways, including observation, patching, prism glasses and/or strabismus surgery. (clevelandclinic.org)
Strabismus surgery for adults is done at NYEE on an outpatient basis. (nyee.edu)
Aside from additional procedures some patients require, the risks from strabismus surgery are minimal. (nyee.edu)
Adults with strabismus are referred to our pediatric practice because ophthalmologists specially trained in childhood eye conditions have expertise in the delicate eye muscle surgery typically required to straighten the eyes. (childrenshospital.org)
For most patients, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) improves dramatically following strabismus surgery. (mayoclinic.org)
The researchers enrolled 276 consecutive adult patients with strabismus undergoing strabismus surgery in the observational case series. (mayoclinic.org)
Patients with all types of diplopic and nondiplopic strabismus were included, and previous strabismus surgery was allowed. (mayoclinic.org)
Many adults also have strabismus, either since childhood or developed in adult life (for example, after injury or brain surgery). (willseye.org)
My husband just had adult strabismus surgery. (whattoexpect.com)
Unstable medical and surgical issues should be resolved before strabismus surgery. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Strabismus correction is the third most common ophthalmic surgery in the US, with 1.2 million procedures performed each year. (thieme.com)
Presented in four parts, each of which is further delineated by sections, this unique textbook includes 36 chapters starting with the fascinating history of strabismus surgery and concluding with future possible treatments. (thieme.com)
Treatments include prism therapy, Botox injections and strabismus surgery. (masseyeandear.org)
I had the surgery for strabismus as a little kid, maybe 7 or 8 years old. (metafilter.com)
My little guy had strabismus and amblyopia, and had surgery when he was about 3. (metafilter.com)
Thirty years ago, Gobin and Bierlaagh developed the simultaneous horizontal and cyclovertical strabismus surgery that became a recognized, albeit much debated method, but no manual on the subject was available until now. (valorebooks.com)
The work is based on an analysis of more than 6500 cases.Govin, Marc H. is the author of 'Simultaneous Horizontal and Cyclovertical Strabismus Surgery' with ISBN 9780792322467 and ISBN 0792322460. (valorebooks.com)
Treatment for adult strabismus often needs surgery to align the eyes properly. (healthpoint.co.nz)
Treatment of strabismus includes correction of any refractive error, a patch or eye drops to treat amblyopia, and in some cases surgery. (merckmanuals.com)
Strabismus sometimes resolves on its own, but in most cases eyeglasses, contact lenses, or surgery is needed. (merckmanuals.com)

A family history of strabismus is a risk factor. (medlineplus.gov)
Is there a family history of strabismus? (clevelandclinic.org)
High-risk children (low birth weight, family history of strabismus, congenital ocular abnormality, or systemic conditions with vision-threatening ocular manifestations) should be referred to an ophthalmologist for screening. (nih.gov)
Risk factors for strabismus include family history of strabismus, excessive farsightedness (hyperopia), Down syndrome , prenatal drug exposure (including alcohol), prematurity , cerebral palsy , spina bifida , head injury , and viral infection of the brain ( encephalitis ). (merckmanuals.com)

Children with strabismus, particularly those with exotropia-an outward turn-may be more likely to develop a mental health disorder than normal-sighted children. (wikipedia.org)
Strabismus - also known as hypertropia and crossed eyes - is misalignment of the eyes, causing one eye to deviate inward (esotropia) toward the nose, or outward (exotropia), while the other eye remains focused. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Another common form of strabismus is exotropia, sometimes called walleye, where the eyes turn outward. (encyclopedia.com)
The second most common presentation of strabismus in children, perhaps 15%, is a divergent strabismus, or an exotropia that a lay person would call "wall-eye. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Eligible children were aged 0 to 17 years with a current diagnosis of strabismus that was classified as either esotropia or exotropia and measured 10 or more prism diopters (PD) at distance or near by a simultaneous prism cover test," researchers said. (ajmc.com)
Of the children with strabismus, 48.4% had esotropia and 51.6% had exotropia, while the median angle was 25 PD (range, 10-50 PD). (ajmc.com)

Young children learn to ignore distorted messages from a misaligned eye, but adults with strabismus often develop double vision (diplopia). (encyclopedia.com)
But older kids and teens (and even many adults with strabismus) can still benefit from treatment. (nemours.org)
Double-vision or "visual confusion" is common in adults with strabismus. (nyee.edu)
For more information, see Adults With Strabismus . (childrenshospital.org)
We are committed to providing comprehensive care for children and adults with strabismus, amblyopia, and nystagmus . (willseye.org)
The medical records of the adults with strabismus and the matched controls were reviewed for a diagnosis of mental illness using codes from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, text revision, use of psychotropic medication, mental health emergency department visits or hospitalizations, suicide attempts, and suicidal or homicidal ideation. (mayoclinic.org)

The measurements help guide the surgical and medical management of strabismus. (aapos.org)
Written mainly for pediatric ophthalmologists and strabismologists, but also of great value to trainees, this text guides the reader through the thought processes needed for successful management of strabismus. (springer.com)
A unique how-to guide on surgical management of strabismus from top experts in the field! (thieme.com)

This new site brings together a compendium of content that includes Videos, Presentations, Books, Research and much more, dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of Strabismus. (wordpress.com)
The three-dimensional scan allowed the doctor to analyze the differences between the muscles in Lincoln's left and right eyes, and to confirm the diagnosis of adult strabismus. (encyclopedia.com)
Retrieved on October 22, 2020 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/Strabismus-Diagnosis.aspx. (news-medical.net)
An early diagnosis of strabismus will enable more effective treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
You will develop an understanding of the aetiology, investigation, diagnosis, and management of incomitant strabismus and associated sensory consequences. (edu.au)
02. Synthesise and analyse clinical data to provide a differential diagnosis for incomitant strabismus. (edu.au)
4,5 ) Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of children with strabismus and/or amblyopia is likely to reduce the prevalence of persistent amblyopia and ocular misalignment in adults. (mrcophth.com)
The Journal has published original articles on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of eye disorders in the pediatric age group and the treatment of strabismus in all age groups for over 50 years. (healio.com)
The UCSF Adult Strabismus and Eye Motility Disorders Clinic provides comprehensive diagnosis and treatment for all eye movement disorders, including abnormal eye alignment from an injury or a neurological condition. (ucsfhealth.org)
The research team identified the timing of the initial mental health diagnosis among the adults - before or after their strabismus diagnosis. (mayoclinic.org)
The majority of adults with CI (63 percent) and DI (59 percent) were diagnosed with a mental health disorder before they were diagnosed with strabismus, while the majority of adults with small-angle HT (57 percent) were diagnosed with a mental health disorder after their strabismus diagnosis. (mayoclinic.org)
Based on Dr. Wright's classic major reference, Handbook of Pediatric Strabismus and Amblyopia outlines the latest findings in diagnosing the most commonly presenting problems in pediatic cases, offering the most complete assessment tools for accurate diagnosis and then best treatment options. (indigo.ca)

Four RCTs on the therapeutic use of botulinum toxin in strabismus have shown varying responses ranging from a lack of evidence for prophylactic effect of botulinum toxin in acute sixth nerve palsy, to poor response in patients with horizontal strabismus without binocular vision, to no difference in response in patients that required retreatment for acquired esotropia or infantile esotropia. (nih.gov)
To report outcomes of the simultaneous surgical correction of vertical rectus paralysis combined with moderate-to-large angle horizontal strabismus. (hindawi.com)
For patients with complete vertical rectus paralysis combined with a moderate- to-large angle of horizontal strabismus, combined APRMT and partial horizontal rectus recession-resection is safe and effective for correcting vertical and horizontal strabismus. (hindawi.com)
The most common incomitant horizontal strabismus results from lateral rectus or abducens (cranial nerve IV) palsy. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)

In children, a common contributor to acquired strabismus is farsightedness ( hyperopia ), which, when severe enough, can secondarily cause the eyes to cross as the child tries to focus on an object (accommodative esotropia). (britannica.com)
Depending on the situation, important nonsurgical treatments for strabismus may include correcting any underlying nearsightedness ( myopia ), farsightedness (hyperopia), or astigmatism with eyeglasses or fitting glasses with prisms. (britannica.com)
Strabismus can occur due to muscle dysfunction, farsightedness, problems in the brain, trauma or infections. (wikipedia.org)
People who have a significant amount of uncorrected farsightedness (hyperopia) may develop strabismus because of the additional eye focusing they must do to keep objects clear. (aoa.org)
Sometimes strabismus develops when the eyes compensate for other vision problems, such as farsightedness or a cataract . (peacehealth.org)
Most strabismus is caused by a refractive error (nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism) or an imbalance in the pull of muscles that control the position of the eyes. (merckmanuals.com)

They are rarely useful in other forms of strabismus. (ehow.co.uk)
There are several forms of strabismus. (clevelandclinic.org)
A case-controlled, retrospective study indicates that adults with some forms of strabismus - divergence insufficiency (DI) and small‑angle hypertropia (HT) - may be at increased risk of mental illness and its comorbidities. (mayoclinic.org)
There was no research that indicated whether adults with nonparalytic forms of strabismus were similarly at risk. (mayoclinic.org)

Sometimes lazy eye is present first, and it causes strabismus. (medlineplus.gov)
Orthoptists do special tests to help doctors diagnose conditions such as lazy eye (amblyopia), crossed eyes (strabismus) and double vision. (ohsu.edu)
Health insurance usually covers strabismus, or lazy eye treatment, which is considered a therapeutic and not a cosmetic procedure, notes Cost Helper. (reference.com)
These tests will also help the doctor find out if the child has amblyopia (lazy eye), which sometimes occurs with strabismus. (peacehealth.org)
Our specialists are among the top experts in their field and have advanced training in strabismus (both pediatric and adult), amblyopia (lazy eye), congenital and pediatric cataracts, retinopathy of prematurity, pediatric glaucoma and pediatric neuro-ophthalmologic disorders. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Strabismus may cause reduced vision in the affected eye due to amblyopia (lazy eye). (myhealth.gov.my)
Strabismus may cause problems in field or depth of vision, lazy eye, or aesthetic problems. (tasmc.org.il)
If left untreated, strabismus can lead to a permanent reduction in vision known as amblyopia, or lazy eye. (everydayfamily.com)
If treatment of strabismus is delayed, amblyopia (lazy eye) may develop, leading to loss of vision in the eye that is not being used. (uclahealth.org)

This screening protocol is designed to help recruitment patients for National Eye Institute (NEI) studies on nystagmus and strabismus. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Specialized tests will be done only if needed to determine eligibility for a nystagmus or strabismus study. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In addition to children, the Wills Eye Strabismus Center is especially interested in and experienced with strabismus and nystagmus in adults. (willseye.org)

Any other disease that causes vision loss may also cause strabismus. (medlineplus.gov)
Diseases that cause partial or total blindness can cause strabismus. (encyclopedia.com)
Loss of vision, an eye tumor or a brain tumor, Graves' disease , stroke, and various muscle and nerve disorders can also cause strabismus in adults. (peacehealth.org)
Severe vision loss in one eye (due to refractive error or less common disorders such as cataracts) can cause strabismus because it interferes with the brain's ability to maintain the alignment of the eyes. (merckmanuals.com)
Sometimes a fracture of the eye socket can block movement of the eye and cause strabismus. (merckmanuals.com)

The Elks Children's Eye Clinic provides eye care from respected leaders who support your child's eye health and treat strabismus in children and adults. (ohsu.edu)
Injections of botulinum toxin may also be used to treat strabismus caused by muscle imbalances. (denverhealth.org)

In an Acta Ophthalmologica analysis of 11 relevant articles, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a 46 percent increased risk that offspring will develop strabismus-one of the most prevalent eye-related diseases among children. (news-medical.net)
Rarely, a child might develop strabismus after age 6. (nemours.org)
Adults may develop strabismus from eye or blood vessel damage. (peacehealth.org)
A person with poor eye-muscle control may develop strabismus. (everydayfamily.com)
Adults may develop strabismus from eye or blood vessel damage, loss of vision, an eye or brain tumor, Graves' disease, stroke, and various muscle and nerve disorders. (eyedoctorguide.com)

While congenital strabismus is more common in children with birth-related problems, most affected children are otherwise neurologically normal. (britannica.com)
Congenital strabismus is present at birth and affects about 1 percent of infants. (encyclopedia.com)
This is called congenital strabismus. (medlineplus.gov)
Most specialists have ceased using the term congenital strabismus. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
In more than half of these cases, the problem is present at or shortly after birth (congenital strabismus). (brailleplus.net)

In incomitant strabismus, the amount of misalignment depends upon which direction the eyes are pointed. (encyclopedia.com)
03. Apply best available evidence to develop management plans appropriate for incomitant strabismus. (edu.au)
An incomitant strabismus is defined when the amount of strabismus differs depending on the position of gaze. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Incomitant strabismus can result commonly from primary over-action of the inferior oblique muscles or, less commonly, the superior oblique muscles, and is most often associated with primary infantile strabismus. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Incomitant strabismus can also result when a muscle is paretic or restrictive. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)

Congenital esotropia is a very rare form of strabismus that occurs with certain birth defects. (encyclopedia.com)

Symptoms of strabismus may be present all the time or may come and go. (medlineplus.gov)
Symptoms of strabismus include double vision and eye strain. (wikipedia.org)
Small-angle and intermittent strabismus are more likely to cause disruptive visual symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
When do the symptoms of strabismus appear? (clevelandclinic.org)
What Are The Signs Or Symptoms Of Strabismus? (myhealth.gov.my)

The use of botulinum toxin as an investigative and treatment modality for strabismus is well reported in the medical literature. (nih.gov)
To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin in the treatment of strabismus compared with alternative treatment options, to investigate dose effect and complication rates. (nih.gov)
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTS) of any use of botulinum toxin treatment for strabismus. (nih.gov)
The majority of published literature on the use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of strabismus consists of retrospective studies, cohort studies or case reviews. (nih.gov)

The chief danger of strabismus in early childhood is monocular vision loss, or amblyopia , a condition that can become permanent if not treated promptly. (britannica.com)
This deficit may not be noticeable in someone who has had strabismus since birth or early childhood, as they have likely learned to judge depth and distances using monocular cues. (wikipedia.org)
The AAPOS claims that most cases of adult strabismus began as an untreated childhood condition, and once adulthood is reached the best-case scenario is typically to have a "reconstructing" of the eye muscles to improve the condition. (ehow.co.uk)
Kids can be born with strabismus or develop it in childhood. (nemours.org)
People with strabismus acquired during childhood do not experience diplopia (double vision). (jneurosci.org)
Most commonly, ocular misalignment in adults is due to stroke, but it can also occur from physical trauma or from a childhood strabismus that was not previously treated or has recurred or progressed. (clevelandclinic.org)
Adult strabismus-a misalignment of the eyes that occurs when the muscles in each eye are unable to move the eyes together-can be a recurrence from childhood, or it can be acquired in the adult years. (nyee.edu)
Strabismus most often begins in early childhood. (peacehealth.org)
Childhood strabismus often has no known cause, although it tends to run in families. (peacehealth.org)
Strabismus can occur in newborn babies, but it is more likely to appear later in infancy or early childhood. (uclahealth.org)
A small number of adults have residual strabismus left uncorrected, or unsuccessfully corrected from their childhood. (healthpoint.co.nz)
Like childhood strabismus, adult strabismus can also cause significant functional impairments and is therefore not merely a cosmetic concern. (healthpoint.co.nz)

Although strabismus is not a life-threatening condition, it can have serious consequences for a child's vision if it is not corrected. (encyclopedia.com)
False strabismus should disappear as the child's face grows. (preventblindness.org)
Having strabismus can be hard on your child's self-esteem. (peacehealth.org)
Other things that can increase your child's risk for strabismus include an illness that affects the muscles and nerves, premature birth, Down syndrome, a head injury, and other problems. (peacehealth.org)
A doctor can often tell that a child has strabismus just by looking at the child's eyes. (peacehealth.org)
Strabismus happens when a child's eyes aren't straight (aligned). (baycare.org)

Acquired strabismus develops in later life from injury to the eye, the brain, or such diseases as diabetes, while secondary strabismus results from another eye disorder, usually cataracts. (encyclopedia.com)
Strabismus is primarily idiopathic but can be associated with poor vision, cataracts, trauma, neuromuscular disorders, or one of several specific congenital syndromes. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Children can suffer from strabismus, cataracts, glaucoma, tumors of the retina or eye socket, or other problems that are typical of common in adults. (tasmc.org.il)

Ophthalmologists (doctors who specialize in treating eye disorders) classify strabismus as congenital, acquired, or secondary. (encyclopedia.com)
This textbook is an atlas that covers the management of a wide range of strabismus disorders using surgical techniques of varying complexity. (springer.com)
While previous studies have detailed the effect of these disorders on other eye movements, such as saccades, relatively little is known about strabismus. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we focus on the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment of strabismus and disorders of vergence in Parkinson's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, Huntington disease, and multiple system atrophy. (frontiersin.org)
Strabismus has not been reported as a common finding in Huntington disease or atypical parkinsonian syndromes and more studies are needed to determine how these disorders affect binocular alignment. (frontiersin.org)
Supporting our board-certified ophthalmologists is the area's largest team of orthoptists, who bring to each case well-honed skills and years of experience testing, evaluating, and helping to treat ocular motor disorders like strabismus. (nyee.edu)
Current literature (1983 to 1995) was searched via MEDLINE using the MeSH headings strabismus, ocular motility disorders, and amblyopia. (nih.gov)
Acute issues involving any of these disorders likely will take precedence over strabismus correction. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Strabismus is especially common among children with disorders of the brain such as Cerebral Palsy, Down Syndrome, hydrocephalus and brain tumours. (myhealth.gov.my)

The VisionHelp Strabismus Library, which provides a resource for public and professional understanding of a serious binocular vision problem that affects millions of people worldwide, comes as the fourth in a list of initiatives that began first with the VisionHelp Concussion Project, followed by the VisionHelp Amblyopia Project, followed by the VisionHelp Vision and Learning Project. (wordpress.com)
A socioeconomic consideration exists as well in the context of decisions regarding strabismus treatment, including efforts to re-establish binocular vision and the possibility of stereopsis recovery. (wikipedia.org)
Because of the antagonistic pairings of the rectus muscles and the fact that strabismus can be a binocular problem, in certain cases surgeons have the option of operating on either one eye or both eyes. (wikipedia.org)
Strabismus also makes binocular vision impossible, so it is harder for the person to appreciate depth perception. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Treatment for strabismus works to straighten the eyes and restore binocular (two-eyed) vision. (aao.org)
Strabismus or amblyopia may lead to failure to develop binocular vision which may prevent an individual pursuing certain occupations. (mrcophth.com)

Strabismus (say: struh-BIZ-mus) is the term used for eyes that are not straight and do not focus on the same object. (kidshealth.org)
Strabismus is also sometimes called crossed eyes (when the eyes turn in) or walleye (when they turn out). (kidshealth.org)
When a kid has strabismus, the eyes don't focus together on the same object and each eye sends a different picture to the brain. (kidshealth.org)
In addition, poor vision in one or both eyes can lead to sensory strabismus, in which the eye with the poorest vision drifts slightly over time. (britannica.com)
Strabismus is a condition in which a person's eyes are not properly aligned with each other. (encyclopedia.com)
Someone looking at a person with strabismus may notice that their eyes are pointed in different directions. (encyclopedia.com)
Strabismus is an eye disorder in which the person's eyes do not focus on a single point at the same time. (encyclopedia.com)
Children with eyes set unusually close together, a wide flat nose, or an extra fold of skin near the inner eye may look as if they have strabismus. (encyclopedia.com)
Strabismus is a disorder in which both eyes do not line up in the same direction. (medlineplus.gov)
The most common form of strabismus is known as "crossed eyes. (medlineplus.gov)
An eye exam is usually required to test for and diagnose strabismus, specialized to determine the focus and movement of the eyes, which are the characteristic features of the condition. (news-medical.net)
Some health conditions, such as Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and Edwards syndrome is linked to strabismus and patients with these conditions are more likely to experience abnormalities of their eyes. (news-medical.net)
Strabismus is a condition in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. (wikipedia.org)
When observing a person with strabismus, the misalignment of the eyes may be quite apparent. (wikipedia.org)
Strabismus is a term used to describe eyes that are not straight and parallel. (news-medical.net)
Children are less likely to be diagnosed with crossed eyes, a condition known as strabismus, if they live in poor communities, according to an analysis led by researchers at the University of Michigan's Kellogg Eye Center. (news-medical.net)
13.  6years old boy referred to strabismus clinic due to deviation.parents notice occasional outward deviation of eyes especially after awakening. (slideshare.net)
Strabismus - a disorder in which the two eyes don't line up in the same direction. (medlineplus.gov)
Crossed eyes, or strabismus, is a condition in which both eyes do not look at the same place at the same time. (aoa.org)
Strabismus is a word for eyes that are not straight or do not line up with each other. (preventblindness.org)
When Strabismus is Present, Will the Eyes Always Look Misaligned? (preventblindness.org)
An extra fold of skin near the inner eye, a broad, flat nose or eyes that are unusually close together may also produce the effect of false (or pseudo) strabismus. (preventblindness.org)
Other strabismus conditions include hypertrophia, where the eyes turn upward, and hypotropia, where the eyes turn downward. (encyclopedia.com)
Strabismus is an eye condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned. (ehow.co.uk)
Strabismus is a misalignment of one or both eyes. (denverhealth.org)
Strabismus is normal in infants (4-6 months old) until the eyes straighten out. (denverhealth.org)
A person can look like they have strabismus because of an off-center light reflex and still have straight eyes. (aapos.org)
The problem of crossed or wandering eyes is called strabismus (say: stra-biz-muss). (aafp.org)
Strabismus is when eyes don't line up or when one or both eyes wander. (nemours.org)
If one or both eyes continue to wander in, out, up, or down - even once in a while - it's probably due to strabismus. (nemours.org)
Sometimes called "crossed-eyes" or "walleye," strabismus often begins when a child is very young and is usually the result of a problem with neuromuscular, including brain, control of eye movement, or less often, the actual eye muscle. (nemours.org)
Need to make a doctor appointment for Eye Misalignment / Crossed Eyes / Strabismus this week? (zocdoc.com)
Strabismus (crossed eyes) is a condition in which one eye is turned in a direction that is different from the other eye. (clevelandclinic.org)
Strabismus (crossed eyes) is a condition in which the eyes do not line up with one another. (clevelandclinic.org)
The Pediatric Strabismus Service at Boston Children's Hospital offers comprehensive evaluation and correction of strabismus (otherwise known as misaligned eyes or crossed eyes) in babies, children, and adults of all ages. (childrenshospital.org)
Here, baby and child friendly eye exams are used to detect strabismus and innovative approaches are used to straighten the eyes. (childrenshospital.org)
Few children are actually born with strabismus, and very few babies are documented to have misaligned eyes in the newborn nursery. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
When the strabismus is incomitant, patients may adopt an abnormal head position, a head tilt or head turn, in order to eliminate double vision and align their eyes. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Strabismus (say "struh-BIZ-mus") is a vision problem in which both eyes do not look at the same point at the same time. (peacehealth.org)
Strabismus as you well know is a term that refers to a condition pertaining to the eyes where they are no properly aligned. (zocdoc.com)
Anyone think the eyes exercises will work for my small-angle strabismus? (iblindness.org)
I've always associated strabismus with crossed eyes, but your description of your condition prompted me to look up the definition. (metafilter.com)
Strabismus, or misalignment of the eyes, is commonly seen in babies and young children. (greatdad.com)
These are useful if strabismus is due to the voluntary movement of the eyes caused by a defect in the eye lens. (greatdad.com)
The main symptom and sign of strabismus is misaligned eyes. (myhealth.gov.my)
Strabismus results from a lack of coordination between the eye muscles, preventing the eyes from focusing together on a given target. (tasmc.org.il)
Strabismus is classified in three ways: the direction the eyes turn, frequency (constant or intermittent), and if it's the same eye (unilateral) or different eye (alternating). (everydayfamily.com)
Strabismus is the medical term for misalignment of the eyes. (uclahealth.org)
In other words, strabismus is misalignment of the two eyes that prevents the individual from being able to aim both eyes at the same object for proper focus. (eyedoctorguide.com)
The most prominent sign of strabismus in children is that their eyes do not look at the same point in space at the same time. (eyedoctorguide.com)

Asian Americans appear to be at a slightly higher risk of strabismus than people of other races or ethnic backgrounds. (encyclopedia.com)
What puts you or your child at the risk of strabismus? (eyedoctorguide.com)

The main sign of strabismus is an eye that is not straight. (aao.org)

Primary infantile strabismus is defined by most ophthalmologists as documented ocular misalignment by 6 months of age. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
The book is aimed at ophthalmologists interested in strabismus. (valorebooks.com)

Some children have a condition called pseudostrabismus or false strabismus because their facial features make them look cross-eyed or walleyed. (encyclopedia.com)
False strabismus does not affect vision and usually goes away as the child grows older and his or her face lengthens. (encyclopedia.com)
This is a condition called pseudostrabismus or false strabismus. (aoa.org)
After an eye exam by an eye doctor, a parent's concern can be quickly dispelled if false strabismus is present. (preventblindness.org)
This is not serious and is called pseudostrabismus, or false strabismus. (everydayfamily.com)

Many children with complex strabismus that involves multiple eye muscles and others who have had failed attempts at correcting strabismus elsewhere, are routinely referred to Boston Children's Hospital. (childrenshospital.org)

Usually doctors diagnose strabismus when a baby or young kid has a regular checkup . (kidshealth.org)
A doctor of optometry can diagnose strabismus through a comprehensive eye exam . (aoa.org)

In children, strabismus may vary over the course of a few hours as well as from day to day. (encyclopedia.com)
In young children strabismus may vary not only from day-to-day, but during the course of a day. (preventblindness.org)

For example, acquired strabismus can be due to diseases or trauma affecting the actual muscles responsible for moving the eye or the nerves or brain stem centres controlling those muscles. (britannica.com)
Strabismus in children can be caused by weakness of the eye muscles or defects in the baby's developing nervous system . (encyclopedia.com)
In someone with strabismus, these muscles do not work together. (medlineplus.gov)
Strabismus can be caused by problems with the eye muscles, the nerves that transmit information to the muscles, or the control center in the brain that directs eye movements. (aoa.org)
If you have strabismus, these muscles are most likely not working together. (sooperarticles.com)
Strabismus occurs when the eye muscles don't work properly to control eye movement. (peacehealth.org)
However, when these eye muscles do not work properly to control eye movement, you are said to have strabismus. (eyedoctorguide.com)

For any kid who has strabismus or amblyopia, starting treatment as soon as possible is the best way to improve vision. (kidshealth.org)
Often in the treatment of strabismus, the preferred ("better-seeing") eye is patched for a period of time to encourage the child to use the "weaker" eye and thereby improve the weaker eye's vision. (britannica.com)
Strabismus is a serious eye condition that requires early medical treatment if it is to be successfully corrected. (news-medical.net)
While treatment up to the age of 6 years is believed to be most effective, strabismus can be treated at any time. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In fact, strabismus may get worse without treatment. (aoa.org)
What Treatment is Available for Strabismus? (preventblindness.org)
Medical and surgical treatment of strabismus is based on the amount of eye misalignment present. (aapos.org)
However it is unclear how effective its use is in comparison to other treatment options for strabismus. (nih.gov)
Without treatment, strabismus can cause permanent vision problems. (peacehealth.org)
Treatment for strabismus should begin as soon as possible. (peacehealth.org)
No person is ever too old to have treatment for strabismus. (willseye.org)
To review the clinical classification of strabismus, to describe the timing and method of strabismus screening examinations, and to discuss the principles of treatment. (nih.gov)
by renowned pediatric ophthalmologist Irene Ludwig provides comprehensive coverage of strabismus treatment - featuring state-of-the-art techniques based on recent anatomical research and discoveries. (thieme.com)
Adult Strabismus clinicians provide comprehensive diagnoses and treatment for eye conditions that cause eye misalignment in adults 18 years and over. (masseyeandear.org)

When the vergence system is affected, this can result in strabismus and disorienting diplopia. (frontiersin.org)
Double vision (diplopia) may also occur when strabismus first occurs. (eyedoctorguide.com)

Six months to 80 years of age of 3628 consecutive patients ( Table 1 ) who underwent strabismus surgeries under general anaesthesia by one surgeon (JMH) from October 1994 to May 2007 were included in this study. (nature.com)
I've had two eye muscle surgeries for strabismus, one when I was a year, and one when I was 13 years old. (metafilter.com)

Strabismus can be devastating to patients, yet often difficult to treat, even for the most seasoned veteran. (springer.com)
Ophthalmoplegia and vergence insufficiency have both been implicated in strabismus in these patients, but cannot fully explain the properties of the strabismus, suggesting the involvement of other structures as well. (frontiersin.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In patients with strabismus, images fall on non-corresponding points in the two retinas. (jneurosci.org)
Patients with strabismus have problems with the control of eye movement and cannot keep normal ocular alignment (eye position). (clevelandclinic.org)
Patients at the Wills Eye Center for Strabismus receive an unequalled level of care and responsive service with the highest quality of ophthalmic evaluation in a compassionate, patient-centered environment. (willseye.org)
In addition, patients and parents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) to determine if there was a weaker association of strabismus with general health-related QOL (HRQOL). (ajmc.com)

Unlike true strabismus (top of page), note here the symmetrical light reflection of pseudostrabismus. (aao.org)
An ophthalmologist can distinguish true strabismus and pseudostrabismus. (aao.org)
An eye doctor (ophthalmologist) needs to determine whether the eye turn is true strabismus or pseudostrabismus. (encyclopedia.com)

Strabismus can be treated with a combination of different treatments. (sooperarticles.com)

Congenital, or infantile, strabismus appears in infancy and is presumably due to defects present at birth that are poorly understood. (britannica.com)

Strabismus occurs in about 2% of children. (wikipedia.org)
Strabismus occurs equally in boys and girls and shows no variation in racial or ethnic distribution. (encyclopedia.com)

Strabismus cannot be outgrown, nor will it improve by itself. (preventblindness.org)
Visual maturation happens by age eight, so it's important to be treated as early as possible because, unlike some conditions, strabismus cannot be outgrown and will get progressively worse. (everydayfamily.com)

On the other hand, in concomitant strabismus , restriction of movement towards the opposite side not unfrequently develops itself. (dictionary.com)
Strabismus is normally either present at birth or it develops in the first 6 months after birth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Strabismus usually develops in infants and young children, most often by age 3. (aoa.org)
A child who develops strabismus after the age of eight or nine years is said to have adult-onset strabismus. (encyclopedia.com)
Most strabismus develops in young children, although a few diseases may cause it to develop in adults. (encyclopedia.com)

The purpose of this study was to review the literature pertaining to non-surgical cure rates for strabismus published since 1958 and compare it to Flom's prognostic model. (nih.gov)
New York Eye and Ear Infirmary (NYEE) is widely known for its expertise in treating adult strabismus through both surgical and non-surgical approaches. (nyee.edu)

People often believe that a child with strabismus will outgrow the condition. (aoa.org)
A child will not outgrow true strabismus. (aao.org)
Strabismus is not a condition that a child will outgrow without medical intervention. (encyclopedia.com)
Your child won't outgrow strabismus or amblyopia. (baycare.org)

Sometimes strabismus can cause amblyopia, and sometimes it's the other way around with amblyopia causing strabismus. (kidshealth.org)

Strabismus can lead to double vision if it returns in adulthood. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In children, uncorrected strabismus can lead to amblyopia , a condition in which the brain starts to ignore signals sent by the weaker, misaligned eye that leads to vision problems. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Light reflex testing is the least accurate way to measure strabismus but may be the only means possible in young children and in those with vision too poor to fixate on a target well. (aapos.org)
Most kids with strabismus don't complain of eye problems or notice changes in their vision. (nemours.org)
Vision therapy is a very important part of fixing the strabismus. (whattoexpect.com)
Can people with strabismus develop other vision problems? (zocdoc.com)
However, if left uncorrected, unilateral strabismus can lead to amblyopia or impaired vision and retinal development can be delayed. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
strabismus), a patient will typically develop blurred vision, double vision or frontal headaches. (masseyeandear.org)
Overall, researchers found that "children with strabismus have poorer functional vision and ER-QOL than visually normal controls and their parents have a lower quality of life than parents of controls. (ajmc.com)
Children with strabismus exhibited lower functional vision scores than controls in domains including seeing, learning, concentration, schoolwork, sports, and running into things. (ajmc.com)
This restores any defect in the vision and thereby corrects the strabismus. (greatdad.com)
Newborns often have strabismus due to undeveloped vision, but this disappears as the infant grows. (myhealth.gov.my)
This loss of vision is called Amblyopia and it is frequently associated with strabismus. (brailleplus.net)
Strabismus and amblyopia are common vision problems in children. (baycare.org)
Strabismus is an intermittent or constant misalignment of an eye so that its line of vision is not pointed at the same object as the other eye. (merckmanuals.com)
If untreated, strabismus can cause amblyopia (a decrease in vision) and permanent loss of vision. (merckmanuals.com)
If left untreated, about 50% of children with strabismus have some vision loss due to amblyopia . (merckmanuals.com)

Anatomy6

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Health Care5

Family study of inherited syndrome with multiple congenital deformities: symphalangism, carpal and tarsal fusion, brachydactyly, craniosynostosis, strabismus, hip osteochondritis. (1/819)

Risk factors for strabismus in children born before 32 weeks' gestation. (2/819)

A deficit in strabismic amblyopia for global shape detection. (3/819)

Orientation-based texture segmentation in strabismic amblyopia. (4/819)

Position jitter and undersampling in pattern perception. (5/819)

Assessment of cortical dysfunction in human strabismic amblyopia using magnetoencephalography (MEG). (6/819)

The puzzle of autism: an ophthalmologic contribution. (7/819)

The therapy of amblyopia: an analysis of the results of amblyopia therapy utilizing the pooled data of published studies. (8/819)

No images available that match "strabismus"

Strabismus

Esotropia

Oculomotor Muscles

Exotropia

Amblyopia

Diplopia

Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures

Vision, Binocular

Vision Screening

Anisometropia

Visual Acuity

Refractive Errors

Reflex, Oculocardiac

Eye Movements

Suture Techniques

Eyeglasses

Nystagmus, Pathologic

Depth Perception

Ophthalmoplegia

Retinoscopy

Convergence, Ocular

Fixation, Ocular

Vision Tests

Refraction, Ocular

Vision, Monocular

Sensory Deprivation

Spina Bifida Cystica

Duane Retraction Syndrome

Oculomotor Nerve

Accommodation, Ocular

Abducens Nerve Diseases

Acupressure

Polyglactin 910

Blepharoptosis

Orbital Fractures

Abducens Nerve

Ophthalmology

Oculomotor Nerve Diseases

Ocular Motility Disorders

Otolaryngology

Nystagmus, Optokinetic

Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures

Orbit

Sclera

Telescopes

Hyperopia

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Eye

Copyright

Computer Security

Confidentiality

Privacy

Family study of inherited syndrome with multiple congenital deformities: symphalangism, carpal and tarsal fusion, brachydactyly, craniosynostosis, strabismus, hip osteochondritis. (1/819)

Risk factors for strabismus in children born before 32 weeks' gestation. (2/819)

A deficit in strabismic amblyopia for global shape detection. (3/819)

Orientation-based texture segmentation in strabismic amblyopia. (4/819)

Position jitter and undersampling in pattern perception. (5/819)

Assessment of cortical dysfunction in human strabismic amblyopia using magnetoencephalography (MEG). (6/819)

The puzzle of autism: an ophthalmologic contribution. (7/819)

The therapy of amblyopia: an analysis of the results of amblyopia therapy utilizing the pooled data of published studies. (8/819)

Effects of intraoperative sponge mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil on scar formation following strabismus surgery in rabbits

Intermittent strabismus | Article about intermittent strabismus by The Free Dictionary

Strabismus Global Clinical Trials Review, H1, 2015

Effect of dexmedetomidine on prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric strabismus surgery: A randomized...

The efficacy of strabismus surgery in adults: a review for primary care physicians | Postgraduate Medical Journal

Efficacy and Safety of GSK1358820 (Botulinum Toxin Type A) in Patients With Strabismus - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov

What is strabismus and how common is it? - AAPOS

Utility Analysis to Quantify the Quality of Life in Amblyopia and Strabismus Patients | IOVS | ARVO Journals

Treatment of Strabismus

Articles, images, and people related to Strabismus

Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire (A&SQ): clinical validation in a historic cohort

Adult Strabismus - Dr. Brian G. Sherman, MD

Clinical Management of Strabismus - MED-SERVIS, spol. s r. o.

Strabismus; Phorias; Squint; Hypertropia; Strabismus, Comitant; Strabismus, Noncomitant

Pediatric Strabismus Service | Overview | Boston Childrens Hospital

strabismus in dictionary, Dictionary site. All dictionaries together.

Can you become blind from strabismus surgery - Things You Didnt Know

Best Strabismus Surgery Doctor in Mumbai, Strabismus Surgery Doctors | Credihealth

Balance in subjects with congenital or early onset strabismus: Influence of age

Strabismus (Eye Muscle) Surgery

$Refractive surgery in patients with accommodative and non-accommodative strabismus - one year prospective follow up | British...$ Refractive surgery in patients with accommodative and non-accommodative strabismus - one year prospective follow up | British...