Stomach Ulcer
Stomach
Peptic Ulcer
Leg Ulcer
Pressure Ulcer
Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage
Influence of a new antiulcer agent, ammonium 7-oxobicyclo (2, 2, 1) hept-5-ene-3-carbamoyl-2-carboxylate (KF-392) on gastric lesions and gastric mucosal barrier in rats. (1/1534)
Antiulcer effects of KF-392 were studied in several experimental gastric ulcer models in rats. It was found that KF-392 given orally at 1.0 to 5.0 mg/kg had a marked suppression on the developments of Shay ulcer as well as the aspirin-, stress-, and reserpine-induced gastric lesions. The influence of KF-392 on gastric mucosal barrier was also studied. A back diffusion of H+ into the gastric mucosa and a fall of transmucosal potential difference were induced with KF-392 given orally at the above mentioned doses. KF-392 given s.c. at 5.0 mg/kg showed no inhibition of Shay ulcer and no induction of back diffusion of H+ into the gastric mucosa. (+info)Anti-ulcer effects of 4'-(2-carboxyetyl) phenyl trans-4-aminomethyl cyclohexanecarboxylate hydrochloride (cetraxate) on various experimental gastric ulcers in rats. (2/1534)
Anti-ulcer effects of cetraxate, a new compound possessing anti-plasmin, anti-casein and anti-trypsin actions were investigated by using experimental gastric ulcer models in rats. Cetraxate, 300 mg/kg p.o. showed significant inhibitory effects of 65.3%, 70.0%, 30.2%, and 67.1% against aucte types of ulcers producing by aspirin, phenylbutazone, indomethacin, and pyloric ligature (Shay's ulcer), respectively. These effects were greater than those obtained by gefarnate and aluminum sucrose sulfate may be mainly attributed to the protecting action of this drug on gastric mucosa. Ctraxate further revealed remarkable inhibitory effects on chronic types of ulcers produced by acetic acid, clamping, and clamping-cortisone. In acetic acid ulcer in particular, cetraxate was found to have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect at doses over 50 mg/kg. Of test drugs including L-glutamine and methylmethionine sulfonium chloride, cetraxate showed the most remarkable inhibitory effect on beta-glucuronidase activity in ulcer tissue of these three types of ulcers. These findings suggest that cetraxate may prevent the connective tissue in the ulcer location from decomposition due to lysosomal enzymes such as beta-glucuronidase, thereby accelerating the recovery from ulcer. (+info)Anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic effects of 3-(N,N-diethylamino) propylindometacin HCl. (3/1534)
AIM: To study anti-inflammatory effects of a novel indometacin ester, 3-(N,N-diethylamino) propyl-indometacin HCl (prodrug) and its ulcerogenicity in fats. METHODS: Carrageenin (Car)-induced paw edema and ulcer index were examined. RESULTS: Car-induced paw edema was inhibited by 36.6% (P < 0.01) at 3 h and 34.6% (P < 0.01) at 5 h after a single i.p. injection of the prodrug 7.09 mg.kg-1. On the same molar basis, indometacin (Ind) 5 mg.kg-1 i.p. inhibited edema by 45.6% at 3 h and 39.2% at 5 h, however, there was no statistical significant difference (P > 0.05) between the edema-inhibitory effect of the prodrug and that of Ind. The dose 10 micrograms/paw exhibited 64% inhibition of the swelling, the prodrug > 10 micrograms/paw showed no additional inhibition of swelling; the acute gastric lesion properties of the prodrug were much lower than those of Ind 6 h after p.o. CONCLUSION: The prodrug is a potent anti-inflammatory agent with lower ulcerogenicity in the stomach. (+info)Role of apoptosis induced by Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of duodenal ulcer. (4/1534)
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori affects gastric epithelium integrity by acceleration of apoptosis. However, it remains unclear what product of the bacteria causes apoptosis, or whether or not the apoptosis is involved in the development of ulcers. AIMS: To elucidate the factor from H pylori that causes acceleration of apoptosis and the role of apoptosis in the development of duodenal ulcer in H pylori infection. PATIENTS: Five H pylori negative healthy volunteers, 47 H pylori positive patients with duodenal ulcer, and 35 H pylori positive patients with gastric ulcer. METHODS: An endoscopic examination was carried out to diagnose ulcers and determine their clinical stage. To analyse apoptosis, a cell cycle analysis was performed using biopsy specimens. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between the urease activity of the H pylori strain and the level of apoptosis induced by this bacterial strain. Moreover, in duodenal ulcer patients infected with H pylori, the patients with an active ulcer exhibited a significantly higher level of apoptosis than those with ulcers at both the healing and scarring stages. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that acceleration of apoptosis in the antral mucosa caused by the urease of H pylori plays a crucial role in the development of ulcers in the duodenum. (+info)Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic active gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric ulcer in Mongolian gerbils. (5/1534)
The establishment of persisting Helicobacter pylori infection in laboratory animals has been difficult, but in 1996 Hirayama reported the development of a successful Mongolian gerbil model. The present study was undertaken with two aims: to better characterize the normal histological structure and histochemical properties of the gastric mucosa of the Mongolian gerbil; and to evaluate the progression of the histopathological features of H. pylori-induced gastritis in this animal model for one year after the experimental infection. Seventy-five Mongolian gerbils were used. Mongolian gerbils were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 12, 26, 38, and 52 weeks after H. pylori inoculation. Sections prepared from stomachs immediately fixed in Carnoy's solution were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue at pH 2.5/periodic acid-Schiff, a dual staining consisting of the galactose oxidase-cold thionin Schiff reaction and paradoxical Concanavalin A staining, and with immunostaining for H. pylori and BrdU. H. pylori infection induced in the Mongolian gerbil a chronic active gastritis, in which a marked mucosal infiltration of neutrophils on a background of chronic inflammation became detectable 4 weeks after inoculation and continued up to 52 weeks. Intestinal metaplasia and gastric ulcers appeared after 26 weeks in some of the animals, whereas others developed multiple hyperplastic polyps. The Mongolian gerbil represents a novel and useful model for the study of H. pylori-induced chronic active gastritis and may lend itself to the investigation of the epithelial alterations that lead to intestinal metaplasia and gastric neoplasia. (+info)Effects of nicorandil on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in rats: a possible role of K(ATP) channels. (6/1534)
The anti-ulcer effects of nicorandil [N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide nitrate ester] were examined on water-immersion plus restraint stress-induced and aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats, compared with those of cimetidine. Nicorandil (3 and 10 mg/kg) given orally to rats dose-dependently inhibited the development of acid-related damage (water-immersion- and aspirin-induced gastric lesions) in the models. Cimetidine (50 mg/kg, p.o.) also had anti-ulcer effects in the same models. However, in the presence of glibenclamide (20 mg/kg, i.v.), an antagonist of K(ATP) channels, nicorandil did not inhibit the formation of gastric lesions. Nicorandil (10 mg/kg) given intraduodenally (i.d.), like cimetidine (50 mg/kg), significantly reduced the volume of the gastric content, total acidity and total acid output in the pylorus ligation model. Glibenclamide reversed the changes caused by i.d. nicorandil. I.v. infusion of nicorandil (20 microg/kg per min) significantly increased gastric mucosal blood flow, without affecting blood pressure and heart rate, but the increase in the blood flow was not observed after i.v. treatment with glibenclamide (20 mg/kg). These results indicate that nicorandil administered orally to rats produces the anti-ulcer effect by reducing the aggressive factors and by enhancing the defensive process in the mucosa through its K(ATP)-channel-opening property. (+info)Role of thromboxane A2 in healing of gastric ulcers in rats. (7/1534)
We investigated the role of thromboxane (TX) A2 in gastric ulcer healing in rats. Acetic acid ulcers were produced in male Donryu rats. TXA2 synthesis in the stomachs with ulcers was significantly elevated in ulcerated tissue, but not in intact tissue, compared with that in the gastric mucosa of normal rats. Indomethacin inhibited both TXA2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in ulcerated tissue, while NS-398 (selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) reduced only PGE2 synthesis. OKY-046 (TXA2 synthase inhibitor) dose-relatedly inhibited only TXA2 synthesis. The maximal effect of OKY-046 (80% inhibition) was found at more than 30 mg/kg. When OKY-046 was administered for 14 days, the drug at more than 30 mg/kg significantly accelerated ulcer healing without affecting acid secretion. The maximal reduction of ulcerated area by OKY-046 was about 30%, compared with the area in the control. Histological studies revealed that regeneration of the mucosa was significantly promoted by OKY-046, but neither maturation of the ulcer base nor angiogenesis in the base were affected. OKY-046 and TXB2 had no effect on proliferation of cultured rat gastric epithelial cells, but U-46619 (TXA2 mimetic) dose-relatedly prevented the proliferation without reducing cell viability. These results indicate that the increased TXA2, probably derived from cyclooxygenase-1 in ulcerated tissue, exerts a weak inhibitory effect on ulcer healing in rats. The effect of TXA2 might be due partly to prevention of gastric epithelial cell proliferation at the ulcer margin. (+info)Lateralized effects of medial prefrontal cortex lesions on neuroendocrine and autonomic stress responses in rats. (8/1534)
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is highly activated by stress and modulates neuroendocrine and autonomic function. Dopaminergic inputs to mPFC facilitate coping ability and demonstrate considerable hemispheric functional lateralization. The present study investigated the potentially lateralized regulation of stress responses at the level of mPFC output neurons, using ibotenic acid lesions. Neuroendocrine function was assessed by plasma corticosterone increases in response to acute or repeated 20 min restraint stress. The primary index of autonomic activation was gastric ulcer development during a separate cold restraint stress. Restraint-induced defecation was also monitored. Plasma corticosterone levels were markedly lower in response to repeated versus acute restraint stress. In acutely restrained animals, right or bilateral, but not left mPFC lesions, decreased prestress corticosterone levels, whereas in repeatedly restrained rats, the same lesions significantly reduced the peak stress-induced corticosterone response. Stress ulcer development (after a single cold restraint stress) was greatly reduced by either right or bilateral mPFC lesions but was unaffected by left lesions. Restraint-induced defecation was elevated in animals with left mPFC lesions. Finally, a left-biased asymmetry in adrenal gland weights was observed across animals, which was unaffected by mPFC lesions. The results suggest that mPFC output neurons demonstrate an intrinsic right brain specialization in both neuroendocrine and autonomic activation. Such findings may be particularly relevant to clinical depression which is associated with both disturbances in stress regulatory systems and hemispheric imbalances in prefrontal function. (+info)Stomach ulcers are caused by an imbalance between the acid and mucus in the stomach, which can lead to inflammation and damage to the stomach lining. Factors that can contribute to the development of a stomach ulcer include:
* Infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
* Overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen
* Excessive alcohol consumption
* Smoking
* Stress
* Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a rare condition that causes the stomach to produce too much acid.
Symptoms of a stomach ulcer may include:
* Pain in the upper abdomen, often described as a burning or gnawing sensation
* Nausea and vomiting
* Bloating and gas
* Abdominal tenderness
* Loss of appetite
* Weight loss
Treatment for stomach ulcers typically involves antibiotics to kill H. pylori, if present, and acid-suppressing medications to reduce the amount of acid in the stomach. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary. Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding NSAIDs, alcohol, and smoking, can also help manage symptoms and prevent recurrence.
Preventive measures for stomach ulcers include:
* Avoiding NSAIDs and other irritating substances
* Using acid-suppressing medications as needed
* Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle
* Managing stress
* Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption
It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as stomach ulcers can lead to complications such as bleeding, perforation, and obstruction. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent these complications and improve outcomes.
The main causes of duodenal ulcers are:
1. Infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
2. Overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen
3. Excessive alcohol consumption
4. Smoking
5. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a rare condition that causes the stomach to produce too much acid
Symptoms of duodenal ulcers may include:
1. Abdominal pain, which can be worse when eating or at night
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Bloating and gas
4. Acid reflux
5. Weight loss
Diagnosis of a duodenal ulcer typically involves a combination of endoscopy, where a flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth to visualize the inside of the digestive tract, and breath tests to detect H. pylori infection.
Treatment for duodenal ulcers usually involves eradication of H. pylori infection, if present, and avoidance of NSAIDs and other irritants. Antacids or acid-suppressing medications may also be prescribed to help reduce symptoms and allow the ulcer to heal. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.
Prevention of duodenal ulcers includes:
1. Avoiding NSAIDs and other irritants
2. Eradicating H. pylori infection
3. Quitting smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
4. Managing stress
5. Eating a healthy diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Prognosis for duodenal ulcers is generally good if treated promptly and effectively. However, complications such as bleeding, perforation, and obstruction can be serious and potentially life-threatening. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.
In conclusion, duodenal ulcers are a common condition that can cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. While they can be caused by a variety of factors, H. pylori infection is the most common underlying cause. Treatment typically involves eradication of H. pylori infection, avoidance of NSAIDs and other irritants, and management of symptoms with antacids or acid-suppressing medications. Prevention includes avoiding risk factors and managing stress. With prompt and effective treatment, the prognosis for duodenal ulcers is generally good. However, complications can be serious and potentially life-threatening, so it is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.
A peptic ulcer is a break in the lining of the stomach or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine), which can cause pain and bleeding. The stomach acid and digestive enzymes flowing through the ulcer can irritate the surrounding tissue, leading to inflammation and discomfort.
Peptic ulcers are commonly caused by an infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or aspirin. Other contributing factors include stress, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.
Symptoms of a peptic ulcer may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Treatment options typically involve antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori infection or stopping NSAID use, along with medications to reduce acid production in the stomach and protect the ulcer from further damage. Surgery may be necessary for severe cases or if other treatments fail.
Prevention methods include avoiding NSAIDs, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing stress, and getting regular screenings for H. pylori infection. Early detection and proper treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications such as ulcer perforation or bleeding.
In summary, peptic ulcers are painful and potentially harmful conditions that can be caused by various factors. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and improve quality of life.
Symptoms of leg ulcers may include:
* Pain or tenderness in the affected area
* Redness or swelling around the wound
* Discharge or oozing of fluid from the wound
* A foul odor emanating from the wound
* Thickening or hardening of the skin around the wound
Causes and risk factors for leg ulcers include:
* Poor circulation, which can be due to conditions such as peripheral artery disease or diabetes
* Injury or trauma to the lower leg
* Infection, such as cellulitis or abscesses
* Skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis
* Poorly fitting or compression garments
* Smoking and other lifestyle factors that can impair healing
Diagnosis of a leg ulcer typically involves a physical examination and imaging tests, such as X-rays or ultrasound, to rule out other conditions. Treatment may involve debridement (removal of dead tissue), antibiotics for infection, and dressing changes to promote healing. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or repair damaged blood vessels.
Prevention is key in managing leg ulcers. This includes maintaining good circulation, protecting the skin from injury, and managing underlying conditions such as diabetes or peripheral artery disease. Compression stockings and bandages can also be used to help reduce swelling and promote healing.
Prognosis for leg ulcers varies depending on the severity of the wound and underlying conditions. With proper treatment and care, many leg ulcers can heal within a few weeks to months. However, some may take longer to heal or may recur, and in severe cases, amputation may be necessary.
Overall, managing leg ulcers requires a comprehensive approach that includes wound care, debridement, antibiotics, and addressing underlying conditions. With proper treatment and care, many leg ulcers can heal and improve quality of life for those affected.
There are several factors that can contribute to the development of pressure ulcers, including:
1. Pressure: Prolonged pressure on a specific area of the body can cause damage to the skin and underlying tissue.
2. Shear: Movement or sliding of the body against a surface can also contribute to the development of pressure ulcers.
3. Friction: Rubbing or friction against a surface can damage the skin and increase the risk of pressure ulcers.
4. Moisture: Skin that is wet or moist is more susceptible to pressure ulcers.
5. Incontinence: Lack of bladder or bowel control can lead to prolonged exposure of the skin to urine or stool, increasing the risk of pressure ulcers.
6. Immobility: People who are unable to move or change positions frequently are at higher risk for pressure ulcers.
7. Malnutrition: A diet that is deficient in essential nutrients can impair the body's ability to heal and increase the risk of pressure ulcers.
8. Smoking: Smoking can damage blood vessels and reduce blood flow to the skin, increasing the risk of pressure ulcers.
9. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at higher risk for pressure ulcers due to nerve damage and poor circulation.
10. Age: The elderly are more susceptible to pressure ulcers due to decreased mobility, decreased blood flow, and thinning skin.
Pressure ulcers can be classified into several different stages based on their severity and the extent of tissue damage. Treatment for pressure ulcers typically involves addressing the underlying cause and providing wound care to promote healing. This may include changing positions frequently, using support surfaces to reduce pressure, and managing incontinence and moisture. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to clean and close the wound.
Prevention is key in avoiding pressure ulcers. Strategies for prevention include:
1. Turning and repositioning frequently to redistribute pressure.
2. Using support surfaces that are designed to reduce pressure on the skin, such as foam mattresses or specialized cushions.
3. Maintaining good hygiene and keeping the skin clean and dry.
4. Managing incontinence and moisture to prevent skin irritation and breakdown.
5. Monitoring nutrition and hydration to ensure adequate intake.
6. Encouraging mobility and physical activity to improve circulation and reduce immobility.
7. Avoiding tight clothing and bedding that can constrict the skin.
8. Providing proper skin care and using topical creams or ointments to prevent skin breakdown.
In conclusion, pressure ulcers are a common complication of immobility and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding the causes and risk factors for pressure ulcers is essential in preventing and managing these wounds. Proper assessment, prevention, and treatment strategies can improve outcomes and reduce the burden of pressure ulcers on patients and healthcare systems.
Types of Skin Ulcers:
1. Pressure ulcers (bedsores): These occur when pressure is applied to a specific area of the skin for a long time, causing the skin to break down. They are more common in people who are bedridden or have mobility issues.
2. Diabetic foot ulcers: These are caused by nerve damage and poor circulation in people with diabetes, which can lead to unnoticed injuries or infections that do not heal properly.
3. Venous ulcers: These occur when the veins have difficulty returning blood to the heart, causing pressure to build up in the legs and feet. This pressure can cause skin breakdown and ulceration.
4. Arterial ulcers: These are caused by poor circulation due to blockages or narrowing of the arteries, which can lead to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to the skin.
5. Traumatic ulcers: These are caused by injuries or surgery and can be shallow or deep.
Symptoms of Skin Ulcers:
1. Pain
2. Redness around the wound
3. Swelling
4. Discharge or pus
5. A foul odor
6. Increased pain when touched or pressure is applied
7. Thick, yellowish discharge
8. Skin that feels cool to the touch
9. Redness that spreads beyond the wound margins
10. Fever and chills
Treatment for Skin Ulcers:
1. Debridement: Removing dead tissue and bacteria from the wound to promote healing.
2. Dressing changes: Applying a dressing that absorbs moisture, protects the wound, and promotes healing.
3. Infection control: Administering antibiotics to treat infections and prevent further complications.
4. Pain management: Managing pain with medication or other interventions.
5. Offloading pressure: Reducing pressure on the wound using specialized mattresses, seat cushions, or orthotics.
6. Wound cleansing: Cleaning the wound with saline solution or antimicrobial agents to remove bacteria and promote healing.
7. Nutritional support: Providing adequate nutrition to promote wound healing.
8. Monitoring for signs of infection: Checking for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or drainage, and addressing them promptly.
9. Addressing underlying causes: Managing underlying conditions, such as diabetes or poor circulation, to promote wound healing.
10. Surgical intervention: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to promote wound healing or repair damaged tissue.
Prevention of pressure sores is always preferable to treatment, and this can be achieved by taking steps such as:
1. Turning and repositioning regularly: Changing positions regularly, at least every two hours, to redistribute pressure.
2. Using pressure-relieving support surfaces: Using mattresses or cushions that reduce pressure on the skin.
3. Keeping the skin clean and dry: Ensuring the skin is clean and dry, especially after incontinence or sweating.
4. Monitoring nutrition and hydration: Ensuring adequate nutrition and hydration to support healing.
5. Managing underlying conditions: Managing conditions such as diabetes, poor circulation, or immobility to reduce the risk of pressure sores.
6. Using barrier creams or films: Applying barrier creams or films to protect the skin from moisture and friction.
7. Providing adequate cushioning: Using cushions or pillows that provide adequate support and reduce pressure on the skin.
8. Encouraging mobility: Encouraging regular movement and exercise to improve circulation and reduce immobility.
9. Monitoring for signs of pressure sores: Regularly checking for signs of pressure sores, such as redness, swelling, or pain.
10. Seeking medical advice if necessary: Seeking medical advice if pressure sores are suspected or if there are any concerns about their prevention or treatment.
There are several types of stomach neoplasms, including:
1. Adenocarcinoma: This is the most common type of stomach cancer, accounting for approximately 90% of all cases. It begins in the glandular cells that line the stomach and can spread to other parts of the body.
2. Squamous cell carcinoma: This type of cancer begins in the squamous cells that cover the outer layer of the stomach. It is less common than adenocarcinoma but more likely to be found in the upper part of the stomach.
3. Gastric mixed adenocarcinomasquamous cell carcinoma: This type of cancer is a combination of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
4. Lymphoma: This is a cancer of the immune system that can occur in the stomach. It is less common than other types of stomach cancer but can be more aggressive.
5. Carcinomas of the stomach: These are malignant tumors that arise from the epithelial cells lining the stomach. They can be subdivided into adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and others.
6. Gastric brunner's gland adenoma: This is a rare type of benign tumor that arises from the Brunner's glands in the stomach.
7. Gastric polyps: These are growths that occur on the lining of the stomach and can be either benign or malignant.
The symptoms of stomach neoplasms vary depending on the location, size, and type of tumor. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and difficulty swallowing. Diagnosis is usually made through a combination of endoscopy, imaging studies (such as CT or PET scans), and biopsy. Treatment depends on the type and stage of the tumor and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these. The prognosis for stomach neoplasms varies depending on the type and stage of the tumor, but early detection and treatment can improve outcomes.
A peptic ulcer hemorrhage is a serious complication that occurs when an ulcer in the stomach or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) bleeds. The bleeding can be severe and life-threatening, and it requires immediate medical attention.
Causes:
There are several factors that can contribute to the development of a peptic ulcer hemorrhage, including:
1. Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria
2. Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen
3. Excessive alcohol consumption
4. Smoking
5. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a rare condition that causes the stomach to produce too much acid
6. Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disorder
7. Ulcers caused by other conditions such as cancer, trauma, or radiation therapy
Symptoms:
The symptoms of a peptic ulcer hemorrhage can vary depending on the severity of the bleeding, but they may include:
1. Vomiting blood or coffee ground-like material
2. Dark, tarry stools
3. Abdominal pain that worsens over time
4. Weakness and lightheadedness due to blood loss
5. Pale, cool, or clammy skin
Diagnosis:
To diagnose a peptic ulcer hemorrhage, a healthcare provider may use one or more of the following tests:
1. Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end is inserted through the mouth to visualize the stomach and duodenum.
2. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding scale: This is a system used to assess the severity of bleeding based on symptoms and physical examination findings.
3. Blood tests: These may be used to check for signs of anemia, such as low red blood cell count or high levels of hemoglobin in the urine.
4. Upper GI series: This is a test that uses X-rays to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
5. CT scan: A computerized tomography (CT) scan may be used to rule out other causes of bleeding, such as a ruptured ulcer or tumor.
Treatment:
The goal of treatment for a peptic ulcer hemorrhage is to stop the bleeding and prevent further complications. Treatment options may include:
1. Medications: These may include antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid production and protect the ulcer from further irritation.
2. Endoscopy: A healthcare provider may use an endoscope to locate the source of bleeding and apply a topical treatment such as cautery, sclerotherapy, or argon plasma coagulation to stop the bleeding.
3. Interventional radiology: In some cases, a healthcare provider may use interventional radiology techniques to embolize (block) the blood vessel feeding the ulcer. This can help stop the bleeding and promote healing.
4. Surgery: In rare cases where other treatments have failed, surgery may be necessary to repair the ulcer or remove any damaged tissue.
Prevention:
To prevent peptic ulcer hemorrhage from recurring, it is important to take steps to prevent further irritation of the ulcer and promote healing. This may include:
1. Avoiding NSAIDs and aspirin: These medications can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of bleeding.
2. Avoiding alcohol and smoking: Both of these can irritate the stomach lining and impair healing.
3. Eating a healthy diet: Avoiding spicy or acidic foods and eating smaller, more frequent meals can help reduce symptoms and promote healing.
4. Managing stress: Stress can exacerbate peptic ulcer symptoms and impair healing.
5. Taking medications as directed: If your healthcare provider has prescribed medication to treat your peptic ulcer, it is important to take it as directed.
6. Follow-up care: Regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider can help monitor your condition and ensure that any complications are addressed promptly.
The symptoms of a peptic ulcer perforation may include sudden and severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and difficulty breathing. If you suspect that you or someone else is experiencing these symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans.
Treatment for a peptic ulcer perforation typically involves surgery to repair the hole and clean out any infected tissue. In some cases, this may involve opening up the abdominal cavity (laparotomy) or using minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy. Antibiotics and other medications may also be used to help manage infection and other complications.
Prevention is key in avoiding peptic ulcer perforation. This includes avoiding NSAIDs (such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen) and other medications that can irritate the stomach lining, eating a healthy diet, managing stress, and not smoking. If you have a peptic ulcer, it is crucial to follow your healthcare provider's recommendations for treatment and follow-up care to avoid complications.
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Gastritis7
- Indications of Antanil Plus 100Hyperacidity caused by a peptic ulcer, gastritis, peptic oesophagitis. (com.bd)
- Thankfully, theres lots you can do to relieve stomach ulcers and gastritis. (ulcertalk.com)
- This stomach pathology model demonstrates various stages of gastritis from a light gastric ulcer to a perforation. (drwonganatomy.com)
- If you vomit blood and also have a burning or gnawing pain in your tummy, the most likely causes are a stomach ulcer or severe inflammation of the stomach lining ( gastritis ). (nidirect.gov.uk)
- However, bleeding from upper intestinal tract lesions, including erosions, ulcers, and hemorrhagic gastritis from Helicobacter pylori infection (5) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (6) may cause gFOBT false-positive results, as can nonhuman heme from ingesting red meat or ingesting foods with peroxidase activity (eg, spinach). (cdc.gov)
- Helicobacter pylori-which is passed from cross contamination of fecal matter, was present in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers. (cdc.gov)
- Evidence of ulcers or any other pathology other than chronic gastritis in the stomach, esophagus and duodenum. (who.int)
Peptic Ulcer D2
- Your complaints can be due to peptic ulcer disease and hiatus hernia. (icliniq.com)
- Also get yourself checked for H.Pylori (helicobacter pylori) infection, which can be the cause of having peptic ulcer disease. (icliniq.com)
Duodenum7
- A peptic ulcer is a sore in the lining of your stomach or your duodenum, the first part of your small intestine. (medlineplus.gov)
- Peptic ulcers happen when the acids that help you digest food damage the walls of the stomach or duodenum. (medlineplus.gov)
- Your doctor also may look inside your stomach and duodenum by doing an endoscopy or x-ray. (medlineplus.gov)
- Peptic ulcers refer to open sores that form in the stomach lining or the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum. (naturalnews.com)
- Gastric ulcer is located in the stomach, while duodenal and esophageal ulcers are located in the duodenum and esophagus, respectively. (naturalnews.com)
- The pylorus possesses the pyloric sphincter, which is a circular band of smooth muscle that regulates the passage of chyme into the duodenum of the small intestine, as well as preventing the regurgitation of intestinal contents back into the stomach. (bodyviz.com)
- If you vomit blood, it means there's bleeding somewhere in your oesophagus (the tube linking your mouth to your stomach), stomach or the first part of your small intestine (duodenum). (nidirect.gov.uk)
Gastric ulcers3
- Seven of them had duodenal ulcers, while five had gastric ulcers. (naturalnews.com)
- Meanwhile, the average healing time for those with gastric ulcers was seven days. (naturalnews.com)
- In comparison, published findings show that with conventional medicines, healing time averages 37 and 42 days for duodenal and gastric ulcers, respectively. (naturalnews.com)
Reflux4
- Some people with stomach ulcers also have acid reflux. (ulcertalk.com)
- Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is where acid leaks out of the stomach and up into the oesophagus. (nidirect.gov.uk)
- The specialists at Mercy Medical Center can diagnose and treat a variety of digestive health problems such as colon cancer, ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (dignityhealth.org)
- At Mercy Medical Center, we perform colonoscopy and endoscopy to diagnose and treat a variety of digestive health problems such as colon cancer, ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (dignityhealth.org)
Helicobacter6
- Scientists, for the first time, have found that Helicobacter pylori living in the mouths of people, who are not showing signs of stomach disease. (medindia.net)
- Helicobacter pylori has recently been shown to cause stomach ulcers and is behind a large proportion of gastric cancers. (medindia.net)
- These plant nutrients are said to have protective effects against the bacterium Helicobacter pylori , which is responsible for the majority of ulcer cases. (naturalnews.com)
- One of the most significant causes of ulcers is a type of bacteria that goes by the tongue-twisting term Helicobacter pylori. (ochsner.org)
- There are some promising results but no firm conclusions when it comes to using probiotics against the stomach germ Helicobacter pylori, a review finds. (nutraingredients.com)
- Daily consumption of broccoli sprouts may cut Helicobacter pylori infections, and offer protection against stomach ulcers, and maybe cancer, says a new study. (nutraingredients.com)
Duodenal ulcers2
- Cheney reported that the average healing time for those with duodenal ulcers who drank cabbage juice daily was 10 days. (naturalnews.com)
- It is also linked to the development of duodenal ulcers and stomach cancer. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms6
- Yes, GERD / ulcer can cause the symptoms you are describing. (healthtap.com)
- Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in less than one minute for common issues such as: colds and coughs, stomach symptoms, bladder infections, rashes, and more. (healthtap.com)
- In some cases, ulcers don't cause any symptoms. (ochsner.org)
- In this Brain Builder we will discuss the gross and microscopic anatomy of the stomach, followed by a discussion of the symptoms, causes, and possible treatments for stomach ulcers. (bodyviz.com)
- There are also certain irritants that seem to make ulcer symptoms worse and make them more difficult to heal. (ulcertalk.com)
- Can cold and sinus problem aggravate my peptic ulcer symptoms? (icliniq.com)
American College of Gastr1
- The American College of Gastroenterology reports that despite once popular beliefs, ulcers are not caused by stress, worrying or a high-pressure lifestyle. (ochsner.org)
Irritate3
- Certain foods might irritate an existing ulcer, but highly seasoned boudin is not a cause. (ochsner.org)
- Avoid greasy, spicy and acidic foods because they irritate stomach. (khaleejjournal.com)
- Steroids can irritate the stomach. (kidshealth.org)
Small intestine2
- Only one patient had ulcers in another part of the small intestine called the jejunum. (naturalnews.com)
- It may also be useful for detecting polyps, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease), ulcers and tumors of the small intestine. (longbeachgastro.com)
Layer of mucus that protects2
- They occur when there is too much acid in the stomach, which reduces the layer of mucus that protects your stomach from digestive juices. (ochsner.org)
- Stomach ulcers occur when the thick layer of mucus that protects the stomach from digestive juices is damaged. (khaleejjournal.com)
Perforation1
- This medicine may cause severe bowel obstruction or a perforation (a hole or tear) in your intestines, especially if you have ever had stomach or intestinal problems. (everydayhealth.com)
Open sores1
- A stomach ulcer is the result of gastric (stomach) acid damaging the mucosal lining of the stomach, producing open sores that often bleed and cause stomach pain. (bodyviz.com)
Inflammation4
- While fatty fish offer a huge amount of omega 3 fats that help to lessen inflammation and also valuable in preventing other forms of ulcer. (ulcertalk.com)
- It can lead to stomach inflammation and everything else thats bad. (ulcertalk.com)
- Alcohol increases stomach inflammation. (ulcertalk.com)
- Bleeding occurs when the ulcer or inflammation damages an underlying artery (blood vessel). (nidirect.gov.uk)
Worse4
- Stress and spicy foods do not cause ulcers, but can make them worse. (medlineplus.gov)
- Peptic ulcers will get worse if not treated. (medlineplus.gov)
- If I have GERD or gastric ulcer, does the heart-burn get worse if i try to sleep flat on my back in supine rather than standing up? (healthtap.com)
- If left untreated, ulcers can get progressively worse, eventually burning through the wall of the stomach. (ochsner.org)
Cancer2
- A new study has suggested that bacteria, which cause stomach ulcers and cancer, may be behind bad breath. (medindia.net)
- According to a new study in Gut journal, fat inside the upper stomach may cause vitamin C to promote cancer-causing reactions rather than protect against them as previously found. (nutraingredients.com)
Endoscopy1
- Typically, a doctor will use a medical imaging technique called an endoscopy to check for an ulcer. (ochsner.org)
Heal3
- Antacids and milk can't heal peptic ulcers. (medlineplus.gov)
- You may need surgery if your ulcers don't heal. (medlineplus.gov)
- You wont completely heal your ulcer until you eliminate the cause, whether that is chronic NSAID use, H. pylori infection or an overactive stomach. (ulcertalk.com)
Intestinal1
- Not chewing the tablet completely may lead to serious stomach or intestinal problems. (everydayhealth.com)
NSAIDs2
- According to experts, MMS can support stomach healing after exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs. (naturalnews.com)
- NSAIDs are also major contributors to peptic ulcers as these medications have been found to damage the stomach lining. (naturalnews.com)
Bleeding1
- This can be especially dangerous in people who are at higher risk of internal bleeding, like those with stomach ulcers. (medlineplus.gov)
Pylori3
- We now need to look into the relationship between H. pylori in the mouth and in the stomach. (medindia.net)
- We hope to discover the role of the mouth in transmitting H. pylori stomach infections in the near future," Dr. Suzuki added. (medindia.net)
- Treatment may include medicines to reduce stomach acids or antibiotics to kill H. pylori. (medlineplus.gov)
Pain5
- A burning stomach pain is the most common symptom. (medlineplus.gov)
- It is important to know that there are many causes of abdominal pain, so not all pain in the abdomen is caused by an ulcer. (ochsner.org)
- I have bad stomach pain at night and it hurts around the belly button and at the lower portion of the appendix. (icliniq.com)
- Is it possible to get upper abdominal pain due to peptic ulcer? (icliniq.com)
- stomach pain. (everydayhealth.com)
Hiatal3
- How to treat the condition present with stomach ache, ulcer, hiatal hernia and cysts in the kidney? (icliniq.com)
- Q. I have continuous stomach ache with ulcer, hiatal hernia and cysts in kidney. (icliniq.com)
- I am experiencing gastric issues, ulcers in the stomach, hiatal hernia, cysts in my kidneys for the past few days. (icliniq.com)
Irritation2
- Some people notice this irritation more after they eat, and some people notice it more on an empty stomach. (ulcertalk.com)
- Yoghurt and kefir are a good source of probiotics along with the protein that supports gut growth of microbiome, lessen irritation and treats ulcer. (ulcertalk.com)
Complications1
- Polyphenol extracts from apples may protect stomachs from ulcers and other complications associated with aspirin, suggests a new animal study from Italy. (nutraingredients.com)
Mucous6
- The surface epithelium of the cardiac stomach is composed of columnar surface mucous cells. (bodyviz.com)
- These cells secret mucous which protects the cardiac stomach from any stomach acid that may be regurgitated from the fundic stomach back into the cardiac stomach or esophagus. (bodyviz.com)
- Mucous neck cells produce mucous, which protects the surface epithelium of the stomach from damage by HCl and pepsin. (bodyviz.com)
- The majority of the cells found in the glands of this histological region of the stomach resemble mucous neck cells. (bodyviz.com)
- These cells produce a type of mucous that neutralizes HCl and protects the mucosa of the pyloric region of the stomach. (bodyviz.com)
- An ulcer is an open sore, or lesion, usually found on the skin or mucous membrane areas of the body. (dignityhealth.org)
GERD1
- Can gerd/ulcer cause heart palpitations, burning sensation in stomach/oesophagus area in the morning and a burning sensation in the middle of the upper back during the day? (healthtap.com)
Upset stomach1
- I've been struggling with an upset stomach for a week or so and nausea all the tim? (healthtap.com)
Oesophagus1
- Oesophageal varices are enlarged veins in the walls of the lower part of the oesophagus (tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach). (nidirect.gov.uk)
Acid in the stomach1
- Smaller meals boost healing by reducing the amount of stomach acid in the stomach. (ulcertalk.com)
Inflammatory1
- Turmeric, cinnamon , ginger and garlic a good lot of spices and herbs that are powerful sources of health benefitting antioxidants and also exhibits strong antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory traits to support healing of the ulcer. (ulcertalk.com)
Chronic1
- Some ulcers follow a chronic pattern of healing temporarily on their own and then returning. (ulcertalk.com)
Intestine1
- If the ulcer is in in part of the intestine just beyond the stomach, it is referred to as a duodenal ulcer. (ochsner.org)
Abdomen1
- I took a CT scan of my abdomen and found that I have ulcers and multiple cysts in both my kidneys. (icliniq.com)
Antibiotics1
- These ulcers are treated with prescription medicines including antibiotics. (naturalnews.com)
Digestive juices1
- When the stomach wall is perforated, digestive juices and food leak into the abdominal cavity. (ochsner.org)
Treatment5
- As early as 1950, Cheney has been conducting studies on cabbage juice to explore its potential as a natural treatment for peptic ulcers. (naturalnews.com)
- In his study, Cheney looked at how patients with peptic ulcers respond to cabbage juice treatment. (naturalnews.com)
- Cheney considered the absence of ulcers in the post-treatment X-ray results as a sign of healing. (naturalnews.com)
- These findings demonstrate the potential of cabbage juice as an alternative treatment for peptic ulcers. (naturalnews.com)
- Even after successful treatment, you can get another ulcer. (ulcertalk.com)
Alcohol2
- This might happen if the factors contributing to your ulcer, such as NSAID use, smoking and alcohol, are temporarily reduced and then resumed. (ulcertalk.com)
- Polyphenols found in strawberries could play a role in reducing the harm alcohol inflicts to the stomach lining, according to new research in rats. (nutraingredients.com)
Common1
- Ulcers are fairly common, affecting an estimated 4 million people in the United States each year. (ochsner.org)
Acids2
- For example, the amino acids, glutamine and methionine , have been identified as good for stomach health. (naturalnews.com)
- This allows the digestive acids to erode the stomach's tissue lining, producing an ulcer. (ochsner.org)
Empty stomach1
- An empty stomach allows for the best and safest examination, so you should have nothing to eat or drink, including water, for approximately twelve hours before the examination. (longbeachgastro.com)
Type1
- If you need to have any type of x-ray of your stomach area , tell the doctor ahead of time that you are using lanthanum carbonate. (everydayhealth.com)
People3
- Typically, people diagnosed with ulcers need not exist on a bland diet. (ochsner.org)
- For some people, these germs reside in their digestive tracts and over time can lead to ulcers. (ochsner.org)
- People with stomach ulcers may benefit from probiotics to speed up recovery, suggest results from an animal study from Hong Kong. (nutraingredients.com)
