Tight coverings for the foot and leg that are worn to aid circulation in the legs, and prevent the formation of EDEMA and DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS. PNEUMATIC COMPRESSION STOCKINGS serve a similar purpose especially for bedridden patients, and following surgery.
Material used for wrapping or binding any part of the body.
Information application based on a variety of coding methods to minimize the amount of data to be stored, retrieved, or transmitted. Data compression can be applied to various forms of data, such as images and signals. It is used to reduce costs and increase efficiency in the maintenance of large volumes of data.
Strips of elastic material used to apply pressure to body parts to control EDEMA and aid circulation.
Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the SPINAL CORD due to extramedullary neoplasm; EPIDURAL ABSCESS; SPINAL FRACTURES; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence.
Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.
Instruments that generate intermittent forces, uniformed or graduated, to facilitate the emptying of VEINS. These devices are used to reduce limb EDEMA and prevent venous THROMBOEMBOLISM, such as deep vein thrombosis in the legs.
Crumbling or smashing of cancellous BONE by forces acting parallel to the long axis of bone. It is applied particularly to vertebral body fractures (SPINAL FRACTURES). (Blauvelt and Nelson, A Manual of Orthopedic Terminology, 1994, p4)
Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.
Skin breakdown or ulceration caused by VARICOSE VEINS in which there is too much hydrostatic pressure in the superficial venous system of the leg. Venous hypertension leads to increased pressure in the capillary bed, transudation of fluid and proteins into the interstitial space, altering blood flow and supply of nutrients to the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and eventual ulceration.
Fabric or other material used to cover the body.
Double-layered inflatable suits which, when inflated, exert pressure on the lower part of the wearer's body. The suits are used to improve or stabilize the circulatory state, i.e., to prevent hypotension, control hemorrhage, and regulate blood pressure. The suits are also used by pilots under positive acceleration.
The maximum compression a material can withstand without failure. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p427)
The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is used for forage.
A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Rhythmic compression of the heart by pressure applied manually over the sternum (closed heart massage) or directly to the heart through an opening in the chest wall (open heart massage). It is done to reinstate and maintain circulation. (Dorland, 28th ed)
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.
A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.
A condition caused by one or more episodes of DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS, usually the blood clots are lodged in the legs. Clinical features include EDEMA; PAIN; aching; heaviness; and MUSCLE CRAMP in the leg. When severe leg swelling leads to skin breakdown, it is called venous STASIS ULCER.
The blood pressure in the VEINS. It is usually measured to assess the filling PRESSURE to the HEART VENTRICLE.
The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.
Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.
Cultivation of natural faunal resources of water. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.
A condition characterized by a chronically swollen limb, often a leg with stasis dermatitis and ulcerations. This syndrome can appear soon after phlebitis or years later. Postphlebitic syndrome is the result of damaged or incompetent venous valves in the limbs. Distended, tortuous VARICOSE VEINS are usually present. Leg pain may occur after long period of standing.
The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.
The vein formed by the union of the anterior and posterior tibial veins; it courses through the popliteal space and becomes the femoral vein.
The artificial substitution of heart and lung action as indicated for HEART ARREST resulting from electric shock, DROWNING, respiratory arrest, or other causes. The two major components of cardiopulmonary resuscitation are artificial ventilation (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) and closed-chest CARDIAC MASSAGE.
Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.
The branch of physics which deals with the motions of material bodies, including kinematics, dynamics, and statics. When the laws of mechanics are applied to living structures, as to the locomotor system, it is referred to as BIOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
A genus of nematodes of the superfamily STRONGYLOIDEA, parasitic in the intestines of animals. The adults are usually free in the intestinal lumen; the larvae encyst in the wall.
Methods of creating machines and devices.
Recording of change in the size of a part as modified by the circulation in it.
Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.
Broken bones in the vertebral column.
A family of freshwater fish of the order ESOCIFORMES, comprising the pikes, inhabiting the waters of the Northern Hemisphere. There is one genus, Esox, with five species: northern pike, grass pickerel, chain pickerel, muskellunge, and Amur pike.
Research carried out by nurses in the clinical setting and designed to provide information that will help improve patient care. Other professional staff may also participate in the research.
Number of individuals in a population relative to space.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
The portion of the leg in humans and other animals found between the HIP and KNEE.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
A surgical operation for the relief of pressure in a body compartment or on a body part. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Heparin fractions with a molecular weight usually between 4000 and 6000 kD. These low-molecular-weight fractions are effective antithrombotic agents. Their administration reduces the risk of hemorrhage, they have a longer half-life, and their platelet interactions are reduced in comparison to unfractionated heparin. They also provide an effective prophylaxis against postoperative major pulmonary embolism.
The vein accompanying the femoral artery in the same sheath; it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein.
Procedures to repair or stabilize vertebral fractures, especially compression fractures accomplished by injecting BONE CEMENTS into the fractured VERTEBRAE.
"Money laundering in the context of healthcare is the process of making illegally-gained proceeds appear legal, often through complex transactions and disguises, which can include various forms of fraudulent billing practices such as overbilling, underbilling, or billing for services not rendered to medical insurance programs or patients."
A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.
That branch of medicine dealing with the studies and effects of flight through the atmosphere or in space upon the human body and with the prevention or cure of physiological or psychological malfunctions arising from these effects. (from NASA Thesaurus)
Agents that prevent clotting.
Spinal neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop within the spinal column, which can be benign or malignant, and originate from cells within the spinal structure or spread to the spine from other parts of the body (metastatic).
A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion or autonomic overaction which develop while the subject is standing, but are relieved on recumbency. Types of this include NEUROCARDIOGENIC SYNCOPE; POSTURAL ORTHOSTATIC TACHYCARDIA SYNDROME; and neurogenic ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION. (From Noseworthy, JH., Neurological Therapeutics Principles and Practice, 2007, p2575-2576)
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
A genus of parasitic nematodes occurring in the stomach of ruminants.
A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.
A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region.
The region of the lower limb between the FOOT and the LEG.
Treatment of varicose veins, hemorrhoids, gastric and esophageal varices, and peptic ulcer hemorrhage by injection or infusion of chemical agents which cause localized thrombosis and eventual fibrosis and obliteration of the vessels.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
In the medical field, manikins are realistic, full-size models of human bodies used for teaching and practicing medical skills, such as CPR, intubation, or surgical procedures, as they provide a realistic and safe training environment without the use of actual patients.
An indication of the contribution of a food to the nutrient content of the diet. This value depends on the quantity of a food which is digested and absorbed and the amounts of the essential nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins) which it contains. This value can be affected by soil and growing conditions, handling and storage, and processing.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Oklahoma" is a geographical location and not a medical condition or term, therefore it doesn't have a medical definition. It is a state in the South Central region of the United States.
Procedures to restore vertebrae to their original shape following vertebral compression fractures by inflating a balloon inserted into the vertebrae, followed by removal of the balloon and injection of BONE CEMENTS to fill the cavity.
Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
Plethysmographic determination in which the intensity of light reflected from the skin surface and the red cells below is measured to determine the blood volume of the respective area. There are two types, transmission and reflectance.
A surgical procedure that entails removing all (laminectomy) or part (laminotomy) of selected vertebral lamina to relieve pressure on the SPINAL CORD and/or SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Vertebral lamina is the thin flattened posterior wall of vertebral arch that forms the vertebral foramen through which pass the spinal cord and nerve roots.
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.
Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
Solid dosage forms, of varying weight, size, and shape, which may be molded or compressed, and which contain a medicinal substance in pure or diluted form. (Dorland, 28th ed)
'Housing, Animal' refers to the physical structure or environment designed and constructed to provide shelter, protection, and specific living conditions for various domestic or captive animals, meeting their biological and behavioral needs while ensuring their welfare and well-being.
A weight-carrying structure for navigation of the air that is supported either by its own buoyancy or by the dynamic action of the air against its surfaces. (Webster, 1973)
Facilities for the preparation and dispensing of drugs.
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.
Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS.
Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.
The physical state of supporting an applied load. This often refers to the weight-bearing bones or joints that support the body's weight, especially those in the spine, hip, knee, and foot.
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.
A respiratory support system used to remove mucus and clear airway by oscillating pressure on the chest.
Implantable fracture fixation devices attached to bone fragments with screws to bridge the fracture gap and shield the fracture site from stress as bone heals. (UMDNS, 1999)
A plant species of the family FABACEAE widely cultivated for ANIMAL FEED.
Devices, not affixed to the body, designed to help persons having musculoskeletal or neuromuscular disabilities to perform activities involving movement.
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.
The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK.
The vein which drains the foot and leg.
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE.
The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.
Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.
A vein on either side of the body which is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins and passes upward to join with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava.
The quality or state of being able to be bent or creased repeatedly. (From Webster, 3d ed)
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.
The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)
The lower part of the SPINAL CORD consisting of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerve roots.
A family of CRUSTACEA, order DECAPODA, comprising the penaeid shrimp. Species of the genus Penaeus are the most important commercial shrimp throughout the world.
A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)
X-ray visualization of the spinal cord following injection of contrast medium into the spinal arachnoid space.
The use of internal devices (metal plates, nails, rods, etc.) to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment.
Techniques for controlling bleeding.
Polymerized methyl methacrylate monomers which are used as sheets, moulding, extrusion powders, surface coating resins, emulsion polymers, fibers, inks, and films (From International Labor Organization, 1983). This material is also used in tooth implants, bone cements, and hard corneal contact lenses.
Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.
Low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, having a 4-enopyranosuronate sodium structure at the non-reducing end of the chain. It is prepared by depolymerization of the benzylic ester of porcine mucosal heparin. Therapeutically, it is used as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
The spinal or vertebral column.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Usually inert substances added to a prescription in order to provide suitable consistency to the dosage form. These include binders, matrix, base or diluent in pills, tablets, creams, salves, etc.
The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.
Any of the 23 plates of fibrocartilage found between the bodies of adjacent VERTEBRAE.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
A neurovascular syndrome associated with compression of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS; SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY; and SUBCLAVIAN VEIN at the superior thoracic outlet. This may result from a variety of anomalies such as a CERVICAL RIB, anomalous fascial bands, and abnormalities of the origin or insertion of the anterior or medial scalene muscles. Clinical features may include pain in the shoulder and neck region which radiates into the arm, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of brachial plexus innervated muscles, PARESTHESIA, loss of sensation, reduction of arterial pulses in the affected extremity, ISCHEMIA, and EDEMA. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp214-5).
A compression of ILIAC VEIN that results in a decreased flow in the vein and in the left LOWER EXTREMITY due to a vascular malformation. It may result in left leg EDEMA, pain, iliofemoral DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS and POSTTHROMBOTIC SYNDROME. Compression of the left common ILIAC VEIN by the right common ILIAC ARTERY against the underlying fifth LUMBAR VERTEBRA is the typical underlying malformation.
A principle of estimation in which the estimates of a set of parameters in a statistical model are those quantities minimizing the sum of squared differences between the observed values of a dependent variable and the values predicted by the model.
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.
Places for cultivation and harvesting of fish, particularly in sea waters. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Adhesives used to fix prosthetic devices to bones and to cement bone to bone in difficult fractures. Synthetic resins are commonly used as cements. A mixture of monocalcium phosphate, monohydrate, alpha-tricalcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate with a sodium phosphate solution is also a useful bone paste.
Nutritional physiology of animals.
Hospital department responsible for the receiving, storing, and distribution of pharmaceutical supplies.
Implants constructed of materials designed to be absorbed by the body without producing an immune response. They are usually composed of plastics and are frequently used in orthopedics and orthodontics.
Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.
Fractures occurring as a result of disease of a bone or from some undiscoverable cause, and not due to trauma. (Dorland, 27th ed)
A region of the lower extremity immediately surrounding and including the KNEE JOINT.
Tracheal stenosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal narrowing or constriction of the lumen of the trachea, which can lead to respiratory distress and other related symptoms.
Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.
Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.
The consumption of edible substances.
The arterial trunk that arises from the abdominal aorta and after a short course divides into the left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries.
Federal, state, or local government organized methods of financial assistance.
A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.
Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the nucleus pulposus has protruded through surrounding fibrocartilage. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.
A dead body, usually a human body.
A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.
Neoplasms located in the space between the vertebral PERIOSTEUM and DURA MATER surrounding the SPINAL CORD. Tumors in this location are most often metastatic in origin and may cause neurologic deficits by mass effect on the spinal cord or nerve roots or by interfering with blood supply to the spinal cord.
The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.
Space between the dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal.
Specialized devices used in ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY to repair bone fractures.
Substances made up of an aggregation of small particles, as that obtained by grinding or trituration of a solid drug. In pharmacy it is a form in which substances are administered. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling administrative activities associated with the provision and utilization of radiology services and facilities.
The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)
An activity in which the body advances at a slow to moderate pace by moving the feet in a coordinated fashion. This includes recreational walking, walking for fitness, and competitive race-walking.
Ulnar neuropathies caused by mechanical compression of the nerve at any location from its origin at the BRACHIAL PLEXUS to its terminations in the hand. Common sites of compression include the retroepicondylar groove, cubital tunnel at the elbow (CUBITAL TUNNEL SYNDROME), and Guyon's canal at the wrist. Clinical features depend on the site of injury, but may include weakness or paralysis of wrist flexion, finger flexion, and ulnar innervated intrinsic hand muscles, and impaired sensation over the ulnar aspect of the hand, fifth finger, and ulnar half of the ring finger. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p43)
Voluntary cooperation of the patient in following a prescribed regimen.
The preparation, mixing, and assembling of a drug. (From Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th ed, p1814)
Not an aneurysm but a well-defined collection of blood and CONNECTIVE TISSUE outside the wall of a blood vessel or the heart. It is the containment of a ruptured blood vessel or heart, such as sealing a rupture of the left ventricle. False aneurysm is formed by organized THROMBUS and HEMATOMA in surrounding tissue.
Occurrence of heart arrest in an individual when there is no immediate access to medical personnel or equipment.

Treatment of superficial vein thrombosis to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a systematic review. (1/128)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCT) concerning the efficacy and safety of medical or surgical treatments of superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). DESIGN AND METHODS: A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane (CENTRAL) database to identify all randomized trials that evaluated the effect of surgical or medical treatment in the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with SVT of the legs. RESULTS: Five studies were included. Pooling of the data was not possible due to the heterogeneity among the studies. Moreover, three studies had major methodological drawbacks limiting the clinical applicability of the results. One of the remaining (pilot) studies showed a non-significant trend in favor of high- compared to low-dose unfractionated heparin for the prevention of VTE. The last remaining study showed a non-significant trend in favor of short-term treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) as compared to placebo shortly after treatment with respect to VTE, but the apparent benefit disappeared after three months of follow-up. Active treatment of SVT reduced the incidences of SVT extension or recurrence. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with a therapeutic or prophylactic dose of LMWH or a NSAID reduces the incidence of SVT extension or recurrence, but not VTE. More RCT are needed before any evidence-based recommendations on the treatment of SVT for the prevention of VTE can be given. With the present lack of solid evidence we would suggest treating patients with at least intermediate doses of LMWH.  (+info)

Implementing guidelines for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in a large Italian teaching hospital: lights and shadows. (2/128)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a serious complication in hospitalized patients, in spite of several published guidelines (GL) on its prevention. The objective of this study (part of the TRiPSS-2 project) was to evaluate the impact of a locally adapted GL, supported by a multifaceted implementation strategy, in improving VTE prophylaxis in a large teaching hospital. DESIGN AND METHODS: A before and after controlled study was used to evaluate the impact of the recommendations on the appropriateness of prophylaxis. We evaluated the medical charts of two random samples, each of 250 patients, discharged in the first semester of the years 2000 and 2002. The hospital incidence of VTE (1996-2004) was also monitored, through the discharge summaries. RESULTS: Among high risk patients, appropriateness of prophylaxis increased both in medical (from 25% to 41.7%, p=0.0075) and in surgical patients (from 63.7% to 97.1%, p=0.0004). A parallel sharp increase (by 6-8 times) of consumption of elastic stockings was documented. In both medical and surgical patients the incidence of VTE decreased markedly and sustainedly in 2002-2004, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.68 (95% confidence interval: 0.62-0.75). However, the use of lower than recommended doses of heparins and the increased use of prophylaxis in low risk patients represent unsolved problems. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Implementing locally adapted GL may be highly effective in improving appropriateness of prophylaxis and in reducing the incidence of VTE; however a careful evaluation of changes is recommended in order to identify unsolved problems or undesired effects.  (+info)

Leg ulcers - causes and management. (3/128)

BACKGROUND: A leg ulcer is not a disease but the manifestation of an underlying problem that requires a clear diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: This article outlines the assessment and management of patients with leg ulceration. DISCUSSION: The simple tag of 'leg ulcer' is not an adequate diagnosis. A comprehensive assessment of the patient, skin, vascular status, limb, and ulcer is required to determine the aetiology and to formulate an appropriate management plan. Most leg ulcers are caused by venous insufficiency and compression is required to successfully heal venous leg ulcers. Treatment must address oedema, infection and pressure. Managing peripheral oedema using compression bandages is often more important than the topical dressings. Success requires consistent adherence to a care plan designed to address the underlying pathology and contributing factors.  (+info)

Knee versus thigh length graduated compression stockings for prevention of deep venous thrombosis: a systematic review. (4/128)

OBJECTIVE: Graduated compression stockings are a valuable means of thrombo-prophylaxis but it is unclear whether knee-length (KL) or thigh length (TL) stockings are more effective. The aim of this review was to systematically analyse randomised controlled trials that have evaluated stocking length and efficacy of thromboprophylaxis. METHOD: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken. Clinical trials on hospitalised populations and passengers on long haul flights were selected according to specific criteria and analysed to generate summated data. RESULTS: 14 randomized control trials were analysed. Thirty six of 1568 (2.3%) participants randomised to KL stockings developed a deep venous thrombosis, compared with 79 of 1696 (5%) in the TL control/thigh length group. Substantial heterogeneity was observed amongst trials. KL stockings had a significant effect to reduce the incidence of DVT in long haul flight passengers, odds ration 0.08 (95%CI 0.03-0.22). In hospitalised patients KL stockings did not appear to be far worse than TL stockings, odds ratio 1.01 (95%CI 0.35-2.90). For combined passengers and patients, there was a benefit in favour of KL stockings, weighted odds ratio 0.45 (95% CI 0.30-0.68). CONCLUSION: KL graduated stockings can be as effective as TL stockings for the prevention of DVT, whilst offering advantages in terms of patient compliance and cost.  (+info)

Brief report: graduated compression stocking thromboprophylaxis for elderly inpatients: a propensity analysis. (5/128)

BACKGROUND: Graduated compression stockings (GCS) are often used for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in nonsurgical patients, although evidence on their effectiveness is lacking in this setting. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prophylaxis with GCS is associated with a decrease in the rate of deep vein thrombosis in nonsurgical elderly patients. METHODS: Using original data from 2 multicenter nonrandomized studies, we performed multivariable and propensity score analyses to determine whether prophylaxis with GCS reduced the rate of deep vein thrombosis among 1,310 postacute care patients 65 years or older. The primary outcome was proximal deep vein thrombosis detected by routine compression ultrasonography performed by registered vascular physicians. RESULTS: Proximal deep vein thrombosis was found in 5.7% (21/371) of the GCS users and in 5.2% (49/939) of the GCS nonusers (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-1.84). Although adjusting for propensity score eliminated all differences in baseline characteristics between users and nonusers, the OR for proximal deep vein thrombosis associated with GCS remained nonsignificant in propensity-stratified (adjusted OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.59-2.10) and propensity-matched (conditional OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.42-2.02) analysis. Similar figures were observed for distal and any deep vein thrombosis. The rates of deep vein thrombosis did not differ according to the length of stockings. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylaxis with GCS is not associated with a lower rate of deep vein thrombosis in nonsurgical elderly patients in routine practice. Randomized studies are needed to assess the efficacy of GCS when properly used in this setting.  (+info)

A factorial, randomized trial of pentoxifylline or placebo, four-layer or single-layer compression, and knitted viscose or hydrocolloid dressings for venous ulcers. (6/128)

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effectiveness of pentoxifylline, knitted viscose or hydrocolloid dressings, and single-layer or four-layer bandaging for venous ulceration. METHOD: A factorial randomized controlled trial with 24-week follow-up was conducted in leg ulcer clinics in Scotland with blinded allocation to pentoxifylline (1200 mg) or placebo, knitted viscose or hydrocolloid dressings, and single-layer or four-layer bandages. The study enrolled 245 adults with venous ulcers. The main outcome measure was time to complete healing. Secondary outcomes included proportions healed, withdrawals, and adverse events. Analysis was by intention to treat. RESULTS: There was no evidence of interaction between the drug, bandages, and dressings. Pentoxifylline was associated with nonsignificant increased ulcer healing (62% vs 53%; P = .21). Four-layer bandages were associated with significantly higher healing rates (67% vs 49%; P = .009). There was no difference in healing between knitted viscose and hydrocolloid dressings (58% and 57%; P = .88). Cox regression models increased the significance of the pentoxifylline effect (relative risk of healing, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Pentoxifylline increased the proportion healing compared with placebo to the same extent as shown in recent systematic reviews, although this finding was only statistically significant when a secondary adjusted analysis was conducted. Four-layer bandaging produced higher healing rates than single-layer bandaging. There was no difference in time to healing between knitted viscose and hydrocolloid dressings.  (+info)

Immediate hemodynamic effect of the additional use of the SCD EXPRESS Compression System in patients with venous ulcers treated with the four-layer compression bandaging system. (7/128)

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that the SCD EXPRESS intermittent pneumatic compression applied in combination with a four-layer bandage in patients with venous ulcers increases popliteal vein volume flow and velocity. DESIGN: Twenty limbs of 18 patients with venous leg ulcers were studied, median age 76 years. The Total Volume Flow (TVF) and the Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) were recorded in the popliteal vein using duplex ultrasonography. Measurements were made (i) without bandage, (ii) with four layer bandage and (iii) following the application of the SCD Compression System on top of a four-layer bandage for at least 15 minutes. RESULTS: The median VCSS was 17 (range, 12-22) while the median VSDS for reflux was 4.5 (range, 1-7.5). The median TVF was 71 mL/min (inter-quartile range 57-101) without bandage, 112 (IQR 89-148) with four-layer bandage and 291 (IQR 241-392) with the addition of the SCD System (P<.001, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). The median PSV was 8.4 cm/sec (IQR 6.8-14) without bandage, 13 (9.0-19) with four-layer bandage and 27 (21-31) with the addition of the SCD System (P<.001, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). Both TVF and PSV increased slightly with the addition of the four-layer bandage. However, with the addition of the SCD System these parameters increased three fold. CONCLUSIONS: The SCD EXPRESS Compression System accelerates venous flow in the legs of patients with venous ulcers already treated with a four-layer bandage. The combination of four-layer compression with the SCD System on healing venous ulcers needs to be tested by a clinical effectiveness study.  (+info)

Simultaneous changes of leg circumference and interface pressure under different compression bandages. (8/128)

OBJECTIVES: To assess the validity of measuring changes of sub bandage pressure and leg circumference in different body positions for an in vivo characterization of the elastic properties of bandage systems. DESIGN: Experimental study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Different compression bandages were applied on the leg. The variations of interface pressure and leg circumference above the inner ankle (that depends on the elastic property of the bandage) were measured simultaneously by a pressure transducer and by strain-gauge plethysmography in 50 patients. Stiffness is defined as the increase of pressure per increase of circumference. RESULTS: The most consistent parameter to differentiate elastic from inelastic bandages was the pressure-difference between the standing and the lying position corrected for the actual increase of leg circumference (modified static stiffness index, mSSI; sensitivity and specificity 100%). Neglecting the individual changes of the circumference and considering the pressure difference alone allows a differentiation which is slightly less accurate (sensitivity 100%, specificity 88%) but much simpler to use. CONCLUSIONS: The static stiffness index is a useful tool to differentiate elastic from inelastic bandage material even without correction for the individual increase of leg circumference.  (+info)

Compression stockings are a specialized type of hosiery that applies pressure to your legs, promoting better blood flow. They are tightest at the ankle and gradually become less constrictive up the leg. This gradient compression helps to counteract the force of gravity and promote venous return, reducing the pooling of blood in the lower extremities.

Compression stockings are often used to help prevent or treat various conditions related to poor circulation, including:

1. Varicose veins: Enlarged, swollen, and twisting veins that are easily visible just under the surface of the skin.
2. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot that forms in the deep veins, usually in the legs. Compression stockings can help reduce the risk of DVT after certain surgeries or during long periods of immobilization.
3. Edema: Swelling in the legs and ankles due to fluid buildup.
4. Chronic venous insufficiency: A condition where the veins have difficulty returning blood from the legs back to the heart, leading to symptoms like leg pain, swelling, and skin changes.
5. Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS): A long-term complication of DVT characterized by chronic leg pain, swelling, and skin ulcers. Compression stockings can help manage symptoms and prevent further complications.

There are different levels of compression available, ranging from mild (15-20 mmHg) to extra firm (50-60 mmHg). Your healthcare provider will recommend the appropriate level based on your specific condition and needs. It is essential to wear compression stockings correctly for them to be effective and avoid skin irritation or other complications.

A bandage is a medical dressing or covering applied to a wound, injury, or sore with the intention of promoting healing or preventing infection. Bandages can be made of a variety of materials such as gauze, cotton, elastic, or adhesive tape and come in different sizes and shapes to accommodate various body parts. They can also have additional features like fasteners, non-slip surfaces, or transparent windows for monitoring the condition of the wound.

Bandages serve several purposes, including:

1. Absorbing drainage or exudate from the wound
2. Protecting the wound from external contaminants and bacteria
3. Securing other medical devices such as catheters or splints in place
4. Reducing swelling or promoting immobilization of the affected area
5. Providing compression to control bleeding or prevent fluid accumulation
6. Relieving pain by reducing pressure on sensitive nerves or structures.

Proper application and care of bandages are essential for effective wound healing and prevention of complications such as infection or delayed recovery.

Data compression, in the context of medical informatics, refers to the process of encoding data to reduce its size while maintaining its integrity and accuracy. This technique is commonly used in transmitting and storing large datasets, such as medical images or genetic sequences, where smaller file sizes can significantly improve efficiency and speed up processing times.

There are two main types of data compression: lossless and lossy. Lossless compression ensures that the original data can be reconstructed exactly from the compressed data, making it essential for applications where data accuracy is critical, such as medical imaging or electronic health records. On the other hand, lossy compression involves discarding some redundant or less important data to achieve higher compression rates, but at the cost of reduced data quality.

In summary, data compression in a medical context refers to the process of reducing the size of digital data while maintaining its accuracy and integrity, which can improve efficiency in data transmission and storage.

Compression bandages are medical devices used to apply pressure on a part of the body, typically on limbs such as arms or legs. They are often used in the treatment of venous disorders, lymphatic disorders, and wounds, including venous ulcers, leg edema, and chronic swelling. The compression helps to promote better blood flow, reduce swelling, and aid in the healing process by helping to prevent fluid buildup in the tissues. They are usually made from elastic materials that allow for adjustable levels of compression and can be wrapped around the affected area in a specific manner to ensure proper fit and effectiveness. It is important to receive proper instruction on the application and removal of compression bandages to ensure they are used safely and effectively.

Spinal cord compression is a medical condition that refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal, which puts pressure on the spinal cord and the nerves that branch out from it. This can occur due to various reasons such as degenerative changes in the spine, herniated discs, bone spurs, tumors, or fractures. The compression can lead to a range of symptoms including pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, or loss of bladder and bowel control. In severe cases, it can cause paralysis. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include physical therapy, medication, surgery, or radiation therapy.

Nerve compression syndromes refer to a group of conditions characterized by the pressure or irritation of a peripheral nerve, causing various symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the affected area. This compression can occur due to several reasons, including injury, repetitive motion, bone spurs, tumors, or swelling. Common examples of nerve compression syndromes include carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, radial nerve compression, and ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist or elbow. Treatment options may include physical therapy, splinting, medications, injections, or surgery, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition.

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression (IPC) devices are medical devices that use inflatable garments to apply controlled pressure in a rhythmic, intermittent manner to the extremities of the body, most commonly used on the legs. These devices are designed to help improve venous and lymphatic flow, reduce edema (swelling), and prevent the formation of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis) in patients who are at risk.

The IPC device typically consists of a pump, hoses, and an air-filled garment that covers the affected limb. The pump regulates the pressure and inflation pattern, while the garment applies pressure to the limb. The compression cycle usually starts with low pressure and gradually increases to a peak pressure before decreasing again. This process is repeated at regular intervals, providing intermittent compression that mimics natural muscle contractions and helps promote blood flow.

IPC devices are often used in clinical settings such as hospitals and rehabilitation centers, but they can also be prescribed for home use. They are commonly recommended for patients who have undergone surgery, experienced trauma, or have conditions that increase their risk of developing blood clots, such as prolonged immobilization, varicose veins, or certain medical disorders.

It is essential to follow the healthcare provider's instructions when using IPC devices and report any discomfort, pain, or unusual symptoms during treatment.

A compression fracture is a type of bone fracture that occurs when there is a collapse of a vertebra in the spine. This type of fracture is most commonly seen in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine. Compression fractures are often caused by weakened bones due to osteoporosis, but they can also result from trauma or tumors that weaken the bone.

In a compression fracture, the front part (anterior) of the vertebra collapses, while the back part (posterior) remains intact, causing the height of the vertebra to decrease. This can lead to pain, deformity, and decreased mobility. In severe cases, multiple compression fractures can result in a condition called kyphosis, which is an abnormal curvature of the spine that leads to a hunchback appearance.

Compression fractures are typically diagnosed through imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. Treatment may include pain medication, bracing, physical therapy, or in some cases, surgery. Preventive measures such as maintaining a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and taking medications to prevent or treat osteoporosis can help reduce the risk of compression fractures.

Venous insufficiency is a medical condition that occurs when the veins, particularly in the legs, have difficulty returning blood back to the heart due to impaired valve function or obstruction in the vein. This results in blood pooling in the veins, leading to symptoms such as varicose veins, swelling, skin changes, and ulcers. Prolonged venous insufficiency can cause chronic pain and affect the quality of life if left untreated.

A varicose ulcer is a type of chronic wound that typically occurs on the lower leg, often as a result of poor circulation and venous insufficiency. These ulcers form when there is increased pressure in the veins, leading to damage and leakage of fluids into the surrounding tissues. Over time, this can cause the skin to break down and form an open sore or ulcer.

Varicose ulcers are often associated with varicose veins, which are swollen and twisted veins that are visible just beneath the surface of the skin. These veins have weakened walls and valves, which can lead to the pooling of blood and fluid in the lower legs. This increased pressure can cause damage to the surrounding tissues, leading to the formation of an ulcer.

Varicose ulcers are typically slow to heal and may require extensive treatment, including compression therapy, wound care, and sometimes surgery. Risk factors for developing varicose ulcers include obesity, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and a history of deep vein thrombosis or other circulatory problems.

Clothing is not a medical term, but rather a general term used to describe items worn on the body for various reasons such as protection from the elements, modesty, or fashion. In a medical context, clothing may be referred to in relation to certain conditions or treatments that require special garments, such as compression stockings for deep vein thrombosis or protective gear for athletes. However, there is no specific medical definition for 'clothing'.

"Gravity suits" is not a recognized medical term. However, in the context of space medicine and space travel, gravity suits, also known as g-suits or anti-G suits, are specialized garments worn by pilots and astronauts to prevent or reduce the negative effects of high gravitational forces (G-forces) on their bodies during high-speed maneuvers or while re-entering the Earth's atmosphere.

These suits work by applying pressure to specific areas of the body, typically around the lower abdomen and legs, to prevent the pooling of blood in those areas due to the increased G-forces. This helps maintain adequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs, reducing the risk of loss of consciousness (G-induced Loss of Consciousness or G-LOC) and other symptoms associated with high G-forces such as blackouts, vision impairment, and disorientation.

It's important to note that gravity suits are not used as a medical treatment for any specific condition but rather as a protective measure during space travel and high-performance aviation.

Compressive strength is a measure of the maximum compressive load that a material or structure can withstand before failure or deformation. It is typically expressed in units of pressure, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or megapascals (MPa). Compressive strength is an important property in the design and analysis of structures and materials, as it helps to ensure their safety and durability under compressive loads.

In medical terminology, compressive strength may refer to the ability of biological tissues, such as bone or cartilage, to withstand compressive forces without deforming or failing. For example, osteoporosis is a condition characterized by reduced bone density and compressive strength, which can increase the risk of fractures in affected individuals. Similarly, degenerative changes in articular cartilage can lead to decreased compressive strength and joint pain or stiffness.

Animal husbandry is the practice of breeding and raising animals for agricultural purposes, such as for the production of meat, milk, eggs, or fiber. It involves providing proper care for the animals, including feeding, housing, health care, and breeding management. The goal of animal husbandry is to maintain healthy and productive animals while also being mindful of environmental sustainability and animal welfare.

"Paspalum" is not a medical term. It is a genus of plants, also known as "darnel grasses," which includes several species of warm-season annual and perennial grasses that are native to tropical and temperate regions around the world. Some Paspalum species are used for turfgrass, forage, or erosion control, while others can be invasive weeds in certain areas. There is no direct medical relevance of "Paspalum" as a genus of plants.

In medical terms, pressure is defined as the force applied per unit area on an object or body surface. It is often measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) in clinical settings. For example, blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries and is recorded as two numbers: systolic pressure (when the heart beats and pushes blood out) and diastolic pressure (when the heart rests between beats).

Pressure can also refer to the pressure exerted on a wound or incision to help control bleeding, or the pressure inside the skull or spinal canal. High or low pressure in different body systems can indicate various medical conditions and require appropriate treatment.

Heart massage, also known as cardiac massage or chest compression, is a medical procedure that involves applying pressure to the chest in order to manually pump blood through the heart and maintain circulation when the heart has stopped or is not functioning effectively. This is a critical component of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and is typically performed during a cardiac arrest to help restore proper blood flow to vital organs and tissues.

During heart massage, the rescuer places their hands on the lower half of the victim's chest, typically at the center, and presses down with the heel of one or both hands. The recommended compression depth for adults is at least 2 inches (5 cm) and should be performed at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute. It is essential to minimize interruptions in chest compressions and ensure that they are deep and fast enough to maintain adequate blood flow.

Heart massage can also be performed surgically during specific medical procedures, such as open-heart surgery or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In these cases, the surgeon directly compresses the heart using their hands or specialized instruments. This technique is called a "surgical heart massage" or "direct cardiac compression."

It's important to note that heart massage should only be performed by trained individuals, as improper techniques can cause harm and potentially worsen the patient's condition.

Venous thrombosis is a medical condition characterized by the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the deep veins, often in the legs (deep vein thrombosis or DVT), but it can also occur in other parts of the body such as the arms, pelvis, or lungs (pulmonary embolism).

The formation of a venous thrombus can be caused by various factors, including injury to the blood vessel wall, changes in blood flow, and alterations in the composition of the blood. These factors can lead to the activation of clotting factors and platelets, which can result in the formation of a clot that blocks the vein.

Symptoms of venous thrombosis may include swelling, pain, warmth, and redness in the affected area. In some cases, the clot can dislodge and travel to other parts of the body, causing potentially life-threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism.

Risk factors for venous thrombosis include advanced age, obesity, smoking, pregnancy, use of hormonal contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, cancer, recent surgery or trauma, prolonged immobility, and a history of previous venous thromboembolism. Treatment typically involves the use of anticoagulant medications to prevent further clotting and dissolve existing clots.

Poaceae is not a medical term but a taxonomic category, specifically the family name for grasses. In a broader sense, you might be asking for a medical context where knowledge of this plant family could be relevant. For instance, certain members of the Poaceae family can cause allergies or negative reactions in some people.

In a medical definition, Poaceae would be defined as:

The family of monocotyledonous plants that includes grasses, bamboo, and sedges. These plants are characterized by narrow leaves with parallel veins, jointed stems (called "nodes" and "internodes"), and flowers arranged in spikelets. Some members of this family are important food sources for humans and animals, such as rice, wheat, corn, barley, oats, and sorghum. Other members can cause negative reactions, like skin irritation or allergies, due to their silica-based defense structures called phytoliths.

Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS), also known as postphlebitic syndrome, is a chronic complication that can occur after deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It's characterized by a combination of symptoms including pain, swelling, cramping, itching, and skin changes in the affected limb. PTS happens when the damaged valves in the veins are unable to properly move blood back to the heart, leading to venous hypertension and fluid accumulation in the lower extremities.

The symptoms of PTS can vary in severity, but they often worsen with prolonged standing or sitting. In some cases, patients may develop open sores (ulcers) on the skin, particularly around the ankles. The risk of developing PTS is higher in individuals who have experienced a recurrent DVT, those with more extensive clotting, and those who do not receive appropriate anticoagulation therapy after their initial DVT diagnosis.

Preventive measures such as early mobilization, use of compression stockings, and maintaining adequate anticoagulation can help reduce the risk of developing PTS following a DVT.

Venous pressure is the pressure exerted on the walls of a vein, which varies depending on several factors such as the volume and flow of blood within the vein, the contractile state of the surrounding muscles, and the position of the body. In clinical settings, venous pressure is often measured in the extremities (e.g., arms or legs) to assess the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

Central venous pressure (CVP) is a specific type of venous pressure that refers to the pressure within the large veins that enter the right atrium of the heart. CVP is an important indicator of right heart function and fluid status, as it reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump it forward. Normal CVP ranges from 0 to 8 mmHg (millimeters of mercury) in adults.

Elevated venous pressure can be caused by various conditions such as heart failure, obstruction of blood flow, or fluid overload, while low venous pressure may indicate dehydration or blood loss. Accurate measurement and interpretation of venous pressure require specialized equipment and knowledge, and are typically performed by healthcare professionals in a clinical setting.

In medical terms, the leg refers to the lower portion of the human body that extends from the knee down to the foot. It includes the thigh (femur), lower leg (tibia and fibula), foot, and ankle. The leg is primarily responsible for supporting the body's weight and enabling movements such as standing, walking, running, and jumping.

The leg contains several important structures, including bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, nerves, and joints. These structures work together to provide stability, support, and mobility to the lower extremity. Common medical conditions that can affect the leg include fractures, sprains, strains, infections, peripheral artery disease, and neurological disorders.

Varicose veins are defined as enlarged, swollen, and twisting veins often appearing blue or dark purple, which usually occur in the legs. They are caused by weakened valves and vein walls that can't effectively push blood back toward the heart. This results in a buildup of blood, causing the veins to bulge and become varicose.

The condition is generally harmless but may cause symptoms like aching, burning, muscle cramp, or a feeling of heaviness in the legs. In some cases, varicose veins can lead to more serious problems, such as skin ulcers, blood clots, or chronic venous insufficiency. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, compression stockings, and medical procedures like sclerotherapy, laser surgery, or endovenous ablation.

Aquaculture is the controlled cultivation and farming of aquatic organisms, such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic plants, in both freshwater and saltwater environments. It involves the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of these organisms under controlled conditions to produce food, feed, recreational resources, and other products for human use. Aquaculture can take place in a variety of systems, including ponds, raceways, tanks, and cages, and it is an important source of protein and livelihoods for many people around the world.

Thrombophlebitis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation and clotting of blood in a vein, usually in the legs. The term thrombophlebitis comes from two words: "thrombo" which means blood clot, and "phlebitis" which refers to inflammation of the vein.

The condition can occur in superficial or deep veins. Superficial thrombophlebitis affects the veins just below the skin's surface, while deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVT) occurs in the deeper veins. DVT is a more serious condition as it can lead to complications such as pulmonary embolism if the blood clot breaks off and travels to the lungs.

Symptoms of thrombophlebitis may include redness, warmth, pain, swelling, or discomfort in the affected area. In some cases, there may be visible surface veins that are hard, tender, or ropy to touch. If left untreated, thrombophlebitis can lead to chronic venous insufficiency and other long-term complications. Treatment typically involves medications such as anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, or thrombolytics, along with compression stockings and other supportive measures.

Edema is the medical term for swelling caused by excess fluid accumulation in the body tissues. It can affect any part of the body, but it's most commonly noticed in the hands, feet, ankles, and legs. Edema can be a symptom of various underlying medical conditions, such as heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, or venous insufficiency.

The swelling occurs when the capillaries leak fluid into the surrounding tissues, causing them to become swollen and puffy. The excess fluid can also collect in the cavities of the body, leading to conditions such as pleural effusion (fluid around the lungs) or ascites (fluid in the abdominal cavity).

The severity of edema can vary from mild to severe, and it may be accompanied by other symptoms such as skin discoloration, stiffness, and pain. Treatment for edema depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, lifestyle changes, or medical procedures.

Postphlebitic syndrome, also known as postthrombotic syndrome or post-thrombotic limb, is a long-term complication that can occur after deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It's characterized by chronic venous insufficiency due to damage in the valves and walls of the affected veins. This results in impaired return of blood from the extremities back to the heart, leading to symptoms such as:

1. Swelling (edema) in the affected limb, usually the lower leg or calf.
2. Pain, aching, or cramping in the legs.
3. Heaviness or fatigue in the legs.
4. Skin changes like redness, warmth, or itchiness.
5. Development of venous ulcers or sores, particularly around the ankles.

The severity of postphlebitic syndrome can vary from mild to severe and may significantly impact a person's quality of life. Risk factors for developing this condition include having had a previous DVT, obesity, older age, lack of physical activity, and a family history of blood clotting disorders. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of deep vein thrombosis can help reduce the risk of developing postphlebitic syndrome.

Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart. They have a lower pressure than arteries and contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Veins have a thin, flexible wall with a larger lumen compared to arteries, allowing them to accommodate more blood volume. The color of veins is often blue or green due to the absorption characteristics of light and the reduced oxygen content in the blood they carry.

The popliteal vein is the continuation of the tibial and fibular (or anterior and posterior tibial) veins, forming in the lower leg's back portion or popliteal fossa. It carries blood from the leg towards the heart. The popliteal vein is located deep within the body and is accompanied by the popliteal artery, which supplies oxygenated blood to the lower leg. This venous structure is a crucial part of the venous system in the lower extremities and is often assessed during physical examinations for signs of venous insufficiency or deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving procedure that is performed when someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. It involves a series of steps that are designed to manually pump blood through the body and maintain the flow of oxygen to the brain until advanced medical treatment can be provided.

CPR typically involves a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths, which are delivered in a specific rhythm and frequency. The goal is to maintain circulation and oxygenation of vital organs, particularly the brain, until advanced life support measures such as defibrillation or medication can be administered.

Chest compressions are used to manually pump blood through the heart and into the rest of the body. This is typically done by placing both hands on the lower half of the chest and pressing down with enough force to compress the chest by about 2 inches. The compressions should be delivered at a rate of at least 100-120 compressions per minute.

Rescue breaths are used to provide oxygen to the lungs and maintain oxygenation of the body's tissues. This is typically done by pinching the nose shut, creating a seal around the person's mouth with your own, and blowing in enough air to make the chest rise. The breath should be delivered over about one second, and this process should be repeated until the person begins to breathe on their own or advanced medical help arrives.

CPR can be performed by trained laypeople as well as healthcare professionals. It is an important skill that can help save lives in emergency situations where a person's breathing or heartbeat has stopped.

A leg ulcer is a chronic wound that occurs on the lower extremities, typically on the inner or outer ankle. It's often caused by poor circulation, venous insufficiency, or diabetes. Leg ulcers can also result from injury, infection, or inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. These ulcers can be painful, and they may take a long time to heal, making them prone to infection. Proper diagnosis, treatment, and wound care are essential for healing leg ulcers and preventing complications.

In the context of medicine, "mechanics" is not typically used as a standalone term with a widely accepted or specific definition. However, in certain areas such as biomechanics or orthopedic mechanics, it generally refers to the application of mechanical principles and laws to biological systems, tissues, or organs. This can include studying the forces, movements, and deformations that occur within these systems, as well as designing medical devices or treatments based on an understanding of these mechanical properties.

Oesophagostomum is a genus of parasitic roundworms that infect the gastrointestinal tract of various mammals, including primates and pigs. The adult worms are typically found in the large intestine, where they lay their eggs, which are passed in the feces and can contaminate the environment.

In humans, Oesophagostomum infection is also known as "nodular worm" or "whipworm of the large intestine." The larvae hatch from the eggs and penetrate the skin, causing a pruritic rash. They then migrate to the lungs, where they cause coughing and other respiratory symptoms before being swallowed and passing into the gastrointestinal tract.

Symptoms of Oesophagostomum infection in humans can include abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia, and weight loss. In severe cases, the worms can cause intestinal obstruction or perforation. Treatment typically involves administration of anthelmintic drugs to kill the parasites.

Equipment design, in the medical context, refers to the process of creating and developing medical equipment and devices, such as surgical instruments, diagnostic machines, or assistive technologies. This process involves several stages, including:

1. Identifying user needs and requirements
2. Concept development and brainstorming
3. Prototyping and testing
4. Design for manufacturing and assembly
5. Safety and regulatory compliance
6. Verification and validation
7. Training and support

The goal of equipment design is to create safe, effective, and efficient medical devices that meet the needs of healthcare providers and patients while complying with relevant regulations and standards. The design process typically involves a multidisciplinary team of engineers, clinicians, designers, and researchers who work together to develop innovative solutions that improve patient care and outcomes.

Plethysmography is a non-invasive medical technique used to measure changes in volume or blood flow within an organ or body part, typically in the lungs or extremities. There are several types of plethysmography, including:

1. **Whole Body Plethysmography (WBP):** This type of plethysmography is used to assess lung function and volumes by measuring changes in pressure within a sealed chamber that contains the patient's entire body except for their head. The patient breathes normally while wearing a nose clip, allowing technicians to analyze respiratory patterns, airflow, and lung volume changes.
2. **Segmental or Local Plethysmography:** This technique measures volume or blood flow changes in specific body parts, such as the limbs or digits. It can help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting peripheral circulation, like deep vein thrombosis, arterial occlusive disease, or Raynaud's phenomenon.
3. **Impedance Plethysmography (IPG):** This non-invasive method uses electrical impedance to estimate changes in blood volume within an organ or body part. By applying a small electrical current and measuring the opposition to flow (impedance), technicians can determine variations in blood volume, which can help diagnose conditions like deep vein thrombosis or heart failure.
4. **Optical Plethysmography:** This technique uses light to measure changes in blood volume, typically in the skin or mucous membranes. By shining a light on the area and analyzing the reflected or transmitted light, technicians can detect variations in blood volume related to cardiac output, respiration, or other physiological factors.

Overall, plethysmography is an essential tool for diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions affecting circulation, respiratory function, and organ volumes.

Animal feed refers to any substance or mixture of substances, whether processed, unprocessed, or partially processed, which is intended to be used as food for animals, including fish, without further processing. It includes ingredients such as grains, hay, straw, oilseed meals, and by-products from the milling, processing, and manufacturing industries. Animal feed can be in the form of pellets, crumbles, mash, or other forms, and is used to provide nutrients such as energy, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals to support the growth, reproduction, and maintenance of animals. It's important to note that animal feed must be safe, nutritious, and properly labeled to ensure the health and well-being of the animals that consume it.

A spinal fracture, also known as a vertebral compression fracture, is a break in one or more bones (vertebrae) of the spine. This type of fracture often occurs due to weakened bones caused by osteoporosis, but it can also result from trauma such as a car accident or a fall.

In a spinal fracture, the front part of the vertebra collapses, causing the height of the vertebra to decrease, while the back part of the vertebra remains intact. This results in a wedge-shaped deformity of the vertebra. Multiple fractures can lead to a hunched forward posture known as kyphosis or dowager's hump.

Spinal fractures can cause pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the back, legs, or arms, depending on the location and severity of the fracture. In some cases, spinal cord compression may occur, leading to more severe symptoms such as paralysis or loss of bladder and bowel control.

Esocidae is a family of freshwater fish that includes pikes and muskellunge. It belongs to the order Esociformes and contains several genera such as Essox, Dallia, and Umbra. These fish are characterized by their elongated bodies, sharp teeth, and specialized diet consisting mainly of other fish. They are found in various parts of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in North America and Eurasia. Some species of Esocidae are popular game fish due to their size and fighting ability.

Clinical nursing research is a branch of scientific inquiry that focuses on the design, implementation, and evaluation of studies aimed at improving patient care and outcomes through the development of evidence-based practices within the nursing profession. This type of research is conducted in clinical settings such as hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities, and often involves collaboration between nurses, other healthcare professionals, and researchers from various disciplines.

The goals of clinical nursing research include:

1. Identifying patient care needs and priorities
2. Developing and testing innovative interventions to improve patient outcomes
3. Evaluating the effectiveness of current practices and treatments
4. Disseminating research findings to inform evidence-based practice
5. Advancing nursing knowledge and theory

Clinical nursing research can encompass a wide range of topics, including symptom management, patient safety, quality improvement, health promotion, and end-of-life care. The ultimate aim of this research is to improve the quality of care delivered to patients and their families, as well as to enhance the professional practice of nursing.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "population density" is actually a term used in population geography and epidemiology, rather than medical terminology. It refers to the number of people living in a specific area or region, usually measured as the number of people per square mile or square kilometer.

However, understanding population density can be important in public health and medicine because it can influence various factors related to health outcomes and healthcare delivery, such as:

1. Disease transmission rates: Higher population densities can facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, particularly those that are transmitted through close contact between individuals.
2. Access to healthcare services: Areas with lower population density might have fewer healthcare resources and providers available, making it more challenging for residents to access necessary medical care.
3. Health disparities: Population density can contribute to health inequities, as urban areas often have better access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities than rural areas, leading to differences in health outcomes between these populations.
4. Environmental factors: Higher population densities might lead to increased pollution, noise, and other environmental hazards that can negatively impact health.

Therefore, while "population density" is not a medical definition per se, it remains an essential concept for understanding various public health and healthcare issues.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a medical condition that includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT is a blood clot that forms in the deep veins, usually in the legs, while PE occurs when a clot breaks off and travels to the lungs, blocking a pulmonary artery or one of its branches. This condition can be life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated promptly.

The medical definition of Venous Thromboembolism is:

"The formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs, which can then dislodge and travel to the lungs, causing a potentially life-threatening blockage of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches (pulmonary embolism). VTE is a complex disorder resulting from an interplay of genetic and environmental factors that affect the balance between thrombosis and fibrinolysis."

Some common risk factors for VTE include immobility, surgery, trauma, cancer, hormonal therapy, pregnancy, advanced age, and inherited or acquired thrombophilia. Symptoms of DVT may include swelling, pain, warmth, and redness in the affected limb, while symptoms of PE can range from shortness of breath and chest pain to coughing up blood or even sudden death. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical assessment, imaging studies (such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI), and laboratory tests (such as D-dimer). Treatment usually includes anticoagulation therapy to prevent further clot formation and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Thromboembolism is a medical condition that refers to the obstruction of a blood vessel by a thrombus (blood clot) that has formed elsewhere in the body and then been transported by the bloodstream to a narrower vessel, where it becomes lodged. This process can occur in various parts of the body, leading to different types of thromboembolisms:

1. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): A thrombus forms in the deep veins, usually in the legs or pelvis, and then breaks off and travels to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.
2. Pulmonary Embolism (PE): A thrombus formed elsewhere, often in the deep veins of the legs, dislodges and travels to the lungs, blocking one or more pulmonary arteries. This can lead to shortness of breath, chest pain, and potentially life-threatening complications if not treated promptly.
3. Cerebral Embolism: A thrombus formed in another part of the body, such as the heart or carotid artery, dislodges and travels to the brain, causing a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).
4. Arterial Thromboembolism: A thrombus forms in an artery and breaks off, traveling to another part of the body and blocking blood flow to an organ or tissue, leading to potential damage or loss of function. Examples include mesenteric ischemia (intestinal damage due to blocked blood flow) and retinal artery occlusion (vision loss due to blocked blood flow in the eye).

Prevention, early detection, and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing thromboembolism and reducing the risk of severe complications.

Weight gain is defined as an increase in body weight over time, which can be attributed to various factors such as an increase in muscle mass, fat mass, or total body water. It is typically measured in terms of pounds or kilograms and can be intentional or unintentional. Unintentional weight gain may be a cause for concern if it's significant or accompanied by other symptoms, as it could indicate an underlying medical condition such as hypothyroidism, diabetes, or heart disease.

It is important to note that while body mass index (BMI) can be used as a general guideline for weight status, it does not differentiate between muscle mass and fat mass. Therefore, an increase in muscle mass through activities like strength training could result in a higher BMI, but this may not necessarily be indicative of increased health risks associated with excess body fat.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

In the context of human anatomy, the thigh is the part of the lower limb that extends from the hip to the knee. It is the upper and largest portion of the leg and is primarily composed of the femur bone, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, as well as several muscles including the quadriceps femoris (front thigh), hamstrings (back thigh), and adductors (inner thigh). The major blood vessels and nerves that supply the lower limb also pass through the thigh.

"Cattle" is a term used in the agricultural and veterinary fields to refer to domesticated animals of the genus *Bos*, primarily *Bos taurus* (European cattle) and *Bos indicus* (Zebu). These animals are often raised for meat, milk, leather, and labor. They are also known as bovines or cows (for females), bulls (intact males), and steers/bullocks (castrated males). However, in a strict medical definition, "cattle" does not apply to humans or other animals.

Surgical decompression is a medical procedure that involves relieving pressure on a nerve or tissue by creating additional space. This is typically accomplished through the removal of a portion of bone or other tissue that is causing the compression. The goal of surgical decompression is to alleviate symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness caused by the compression.

In the context of spinal disorders, surgical decompression is often used to treat conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or bone spurs that are compressing nerves in the spine. The specific procedure used may vary depending on the location and severity of the compression, but common techniques include laminectomy, discectomy, and foraminotomy.

It's important to note that surgical decompression is a significant medical intervention that carries risks such as infection, bleeding, and injury to surrounding tissues. As with any surgery, it should be considered as a last resort after other conservative treatments have been tried and found to be ineffective. A thorough evaluation by a qualified medical professional is necessary to determine whether surgical decompression is appropriate in a given case.

Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is a type of heparin used as an anticoagulant, which refers to a group of medications that prevent the formation of blood clots. Heparin is a naturally occurring substance in the body, and low-molecular-weight heparins are obtained through the depolymerization of standard heparin.

LMWH has a lower molecular weight than standard heparin, which results in several pharmacological differences. LMWHs have a more predictable dose response, longer half-life, and higher bioavailability when administered subcutaneously compared to standard heparin. They also exhibit greater anti-factor Xa activity relative to their antithrombin (anti-IIa) activity, which contributes to their anticoagulant effects.

LMWHs are used for the prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and other thromboembolic disorders. Common LMWHs include enoxaparin, dalteparin, tinzaparin, and nadroparin.

It is essential to monitor the patient's kidney function when using LMWH since they are primarily cleared by the kidneys. In patients with renal impairment, dose adjustments or alternative anticoagulants may be necessary to reduce the risk of bleeding complications.

The femoral vein is the large vein that runs through the thigh and carries oxygen-depleted blood from the lower limbs back to the heart. It is located in the femoral triangle, along with the femoral artery and nerve. The femoral vein begins at the knee as the popliteal vein, which then joins with the deep vein of the thigh to form the femoral vein. As it moves up the leg, it is joined by several other veins, including the great saphenous vein, before it becomes the external iliac vein at the inguinal ligament in the groin.

Vertebroplasty is a medical procedure used to treat spinal fractures, particularly those resulting from osteoporosis or cancer. The procedure involves injecting a type of bone cement called polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into the damaged vertebra. This helps to stabilize the bone, reduce pain, and improve function.

During the procedure, a small incision is made in the skin, and a hollow needle is guided using fluoroscopy (a type of X-ray guidance) into the fractured vertebra. Once in place, the PMMA cement is injected into the bone, where it hardens quickly, providing stability to the fractured vertebra.

It's important to note that while vertebroplasty can be an effective treatment for some patients with spinal fractures, it's not always necessary or appropriate. The decision to undergo this procedure should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider and based on a thorough evaluation of the patient's individual needs and circumstances.

In the context of medical billing and healthcare, "laundering" is not a term that has a specific or widely accepted definition. It may be used informally to refer to illegal activities such as submitting false claims for reimbursement or engaging in kickback schemes, but it does not have a recognized medical meaning.

In general, the term "money laundering" is used to describe the process of making illegally-gained proceeds appear legal by disguising the true origin of the money. It typically involves three steps: placement, layering, and integration. Placement is the act of introducing the illicit money into the financial system, often by breaking it up into smaller amounts and depositing it into various accounts. Layering is the process of moving the money through a series of transactions to make it difficult to trace back to its original source. Integration is the final step, in which the laundered money is mixed with legitimate funds and used for normal business or personal expenses.

It's important to note that engaging in any form of illegal activity, including money laundering, is a serious crime and can result in severe penalties, including fines and imprisonment.

Mechanical stress, in the context of physiology and medicine, refers to any type of force that is applied to body tissues or organs, which can cause deformation or displacement of those structures. Mechanical stress can be either external, such as forces exerted on the body during physical activity or trauma, or internal, such as the pressure changes that occur within blood vessels or other hollow organs.

Mechanical stress can have a variety of effects on the body, depending on the type, duration, and magnitude of the force applied. For example, prolonged exposure to mechanical stress can lead to tissue damage, inflammation, and chronic pain. Additionally, abnormal or excessive mechanical stress can contribute to the development of various musculoskeletal disorders, such as tendinitis, osteoarthritis, and herniated discs.

In order to mitigate the negative effects of mechanical stress, the body has a number of adaptive responses that help to distribute forces more evenly across tissues and maintain structural integrity. These responses include changes in muscle tone, joint positioning, and connective tissue stiffness, as well as the remodeling of bone and other tissues over time. However, when these adaptive mechanisms are overwhelmed or impaired, mechanical stress can become a significant factor in the development of various pathological conditions.

Aerospace medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with the health and safety of pilots, astronauts, and passengers during space travel or aircraft flight. It involves studying the effects of various factors such as altitude, weightlessness, radiation, noise, vibration, and temperature extremes on the human body, and developing measures to prevent or mitigate any adverse effects.

Aerospace medicine also encompasses the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions that occur during space travel or aircraft flight, as well as the development of medical standards and guidelines for pilot and astronaut selection, training, and fitness for duty. Additionally, it includes research into the physiological and psychological challenges of long-duration space missions and the development of countermeasures to maintain crew health and performance during such missions.

Anticoagulants are a class of medications that work to prevent the formation of blood clots in the body. They do this by inhibiting the coagulation cascade, which is a series of chemical reactions that lead to the formation of a clot. Anticoagulants can be given orally, intravenously, or subcutaneously, depending on the specific drug and the individual patient's needs.

There are several different types of anticoagulants, including:

1. Heparin: This is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that is often used in hospitalized patients who require immediate anticoagulation. It works by activating an enzyme called antithrombin III, which inhibits the formation of clots.
2. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH): LMWH is a form of heparin that has been broken down into smaller molecules. It has a longer half-life than standard heparin and can be given once or twice daily by subcutaneous injection.
3. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs): These are newer oral anticoagulants that work by directly inhibiting specific clotting factors in the coagulation cascade. Examples include apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran.
4. Vitamin K antagonists: These are older oral anticoagulants that work by inhibiting the action of vitamin K, which is necessary for the formation of clotting factors. Warfarin is an example of a vitamin K antagonist.

Anticoagulants are used to prevent and treat a variety of conditions, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), atrial fibrillation, and prosthetic heart valve thrombosis. It is important to note that anticoagulants can increase the risk of bleeding, so they must be used with caution and regular monitoring of blood clotting times may be required.

Spinal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors found within the spinal column, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These tumors can originate in the spine itself, called primary spinal neoplasms, or they can spread to the spine from other parts of the body, known as secondary or metastatic spinal neoplasms. Spinal neoplasms can cause various symptoms, such as back pain, neurological deficits, and even paralysis, depending on their location and size. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent or minimize long-term complications and improve the patient's prognosis.

Leg dermatoses is a general term that refers to various skin conditions affecting the legs. This can include a wide range of inflammatory, infectious, or degenerative diseases that cause symptoms such as redness, itching, scaling, blistering, or pigmentation changes on the leg skin. Examples of specific leg dermatoses include stasis dermatitis, venous eczema, contact dermatitis, lichen planus, psoriasis, and cellulitis among others. Accurate diagnosis usually requires a thorough examination and sometimes a biopsy to determine the specific type of dermatosis and appropriate treatment.

Orthostatic intolerance is a condition in which an individual experiences lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting when standing or maintaining an upright position for extended periods. It is caused by an abnormal physiological response to gravity and results in inadequate blood flow to the brain upon standing.

The medical definition of orthostatic intolerance includes symptoms that are exacerbated by upright posture and relieved by recumbent (lying down) position. The underlying mechanisms involve dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and vasoconstriction.

Orthostatic intolerance can be a symptom of various medical conditions, including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, and other autonomic disorders. Proper diagnosis and management require a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional to identify the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

Ostertagia is a genus of nematode parasites that can infect the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, such as cattle and sheep. The adult worms live in the abomasum (the fourth stomach compartment) and feed on the host's digestive juices and tissue.

Ostertagia infection, also known as ostertagiosis or type I ostertagiasis, can cause significant production losses in livestock due to reduced feed conversion efficiency, weight gain, and milk production. The parasite can also cause clinical signs of disease, such as diarrhea, reduced appetite, and decreased body condition.

Infection occurs when larvae ingested through contaminated pasture or feed develop into adult worms in the abomasum. The severity of infection depends on various factors, including the number of infective larvae ingested, the age and immune status of the host, and environmental conditions that affect larval survival and development.

Prevention and control measures for Ostertagia infection include pasture management practices, such as rotational grazing and fecal removal, strategic deworming programs, and genetic selection for resistance to parasites in livestock populations.

"Random allocation," also known as "random assignment" or "randomization," is a process used in clinical trials and other research studies to distribute participants into different intervention groups (such as experimental group vs. control group) in a way that minimizes selection bias and ensures the groups are comparable at the start of the study.

In random allocation, each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, and the assignment is typically made using a computer-generated randomization schedule or other objective methods. This process helps to ensure that any differences between the groups are due to the intervention being tested rather than pre-existing differences in the participants' characteristics.

The thoracic vertebrae are the 12 vertebrae in the thoracic region of the spine, which is the portion between the cervical and lumbar regions. These vertebrae are numbered T1 to T12, with T1 being closest to the skull and T12 connecting to the lumbar region.

The main function of the thoracic vertebrae is to provide stability and support for the chest region, including protection for the vital organs within, such as the heart and lungs. Each thoracic vertebra has costal facets on its sides, which articulate with the heads of the ribs, forming the costovertebral joints. This connection between the spine and the ribcage allows for a range of movements while maintaining stability.

The thoracic vertebrae have a unique structure compared to other regions of the spine. They are characterized by having long, narrow bodies, small bony processes, and prominent spinous processes that point downwards. This particular shape and orientation of the thoracic vertebrae contribute to their role in limiting excessive spinal movement and providing overall trunk stability.

The ankle, also known as the talocrural region, is the joint between the leg and the foot. It is a synovial hinge joint that allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements. The ankle is composed of three bones: the tibia and fibula of the lower leg, and the talus of the foot. The bottom portion of the tibia and fibula, called the malleoli, form a mortise that surrounds and articulates with the talus.

The ankle joint is strengthened by several ligaments, including the medial (deltoid) ligament and lateral ligament complex. The ankle also contains important nerves and blood vessels that provide sensation and circulation to the foot.

Damage to the ankle joint, such as sprains or fractures, can result in pain, swelling, and difficulty walking. Proper care and rehabilitation are essential for maintaining the health and function of the ankle joint.

Sclerotherapy is a medical procedure used to treat varicose veins and spider veins. It involves the injection of a solution (called a sclerosant) directly into the affected vein, which causes the vein to collapse and eventually fade away. The sclerosant works by irritating the lining of the vein, causing it to swell and stick together, which then leads to clotting and the eventual reabsorption of the vein by the body.

The procedure is typically performed in a doctor's office or outpatient setting and may require multiple sessions depending on the severity and number of veins being treated. Common side effects include bruising, swelling, and discomfort at the injection site, as well as the possibility of developing brownish pigmentation or small ulcers near the treatment area. However, these side effects are usually temporary and resolve on their own within a few weeks.

Sclerotherapy is considered a safe and effective treatment for varicose veins and spider veins, with high success rates and low complication rates. It is important to note that while sclerotherapy can improve the appearance of affected veins, it does not prevent new veins from developing in the future.

Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal studies, are a type of cohort study in which data is collected forward in time, following a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure over a period of time. The researchers clearly define the study population and exposure of interest at the beginning of the study and follow up with the participants to determine the outcomes that develop over time. This type of study design allows for the investigation of causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, as well as the identification of risk factors and the estimation of disease incidence rates. Prospective studies are particularly useful in epidemiology and medical research when studying diseases with long latency periods or rare outcomes.

Postoperative complications refer to any unfavorable condition or event that occurs during the recovery period after a surgical procedure. These complications can vary in severity and may include, but are not limited to:

1. Infection: This can occur at the site of the incision or inside the body, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) can lead to a drop in blood pressure and may require further surgical intervention.
3. Blood clots: These can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and can potentially travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
4. Wound dehiscence: This is when the surgical wound opens up, which can lead to infection and further complications.
5. Pulmonary issues: These include atelectasis (collapsed lung), pneumonia, or respiratory failure.
6. Cardiovascular problems: These include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart attack, or stroke.
7. Renal failure: This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, blood loss, or the use of certain medications.
8. Pain management issues: Inadequate pain control can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and decreased mobility.
9. Nausea and vomiting: These can be caused by anesthesia, opioid pain medication, or other factors.
10. Delirium: This is a state of confusion and disorientation that can occur in the elderly or those with certain medical conditions.

Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

A manikin is commonly referred to as a full-size model of the human body used for training in various medical and healthcare fields. Medical manikins are often made from materials that simulate human skin and tissues, allowing for realistic practice in procedures such as physical examinations, resuscitation, and surgical techniques.

These manikins can be highly advanced, with built-in mechanisms to simulate physiological responses, such as breathing, heartbeats, and pupil dilation. They may also have interchangeable parts, allowing for the simulation of various medical conditions and scenarios. Medical manikins are essential tools in healthcare education, enabling learners to develop their skills and confidence in a controlled, safe environment before working with real patients.

Nutritive value is a term used to describe the amount and kind of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water, that a food provides. It refers to the ability of a food to supply the necessary components for growth, repair, maintenance, and energy in the body. The nutritive value of a food is usually expressed in terms of its content of these various nutrients per 100 grams or per serving. Foods with high nutritive value are those that provide a significant amount of essential nutrients in relation to their calorie content.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Oklahoma" is not a medical term or condition. It is a state in the south central region of the United States. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer them!

Kyphoplasty is a surgical procedure used to treat vertebral compression fractures, which are commonly caused by osteoporosis or cancer. The goal of kyphoplasty is to stabilize the fracture, reduce pain, and restore some or all of the lost vertebral body height.

During the procedure, a small incision is made in the back, and a narrow tube is inserted into the damaged vertebra under the guidance of fluoroscopy (a type of continuous X-ray imaging). A special balloon is then inflated inside the vertebral body to create a cavity or space. This process helps to restore the height of the vertebra and correct any abnormal kyphosis (hunchback) deformity that may have developed due to the fracture.

Once the desired cavity has been created, bone cement is injected into the space to stabilize the vertebra. The cement hardens quickly, providing immediate support and pain relief. After the procedure, patients are usually advised to limit their physical activity for a short period of time to allow the cement to fully set.

It's important to note that kyphoplasty is not suitable for all types of spinal fractures or conditions, and its effectiveness may vary depending on the individual case. Therefore, a thorough evaluation by a spine specialist is necessary before deciding whether this procedure is appropriate.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "rain" is not a medical term. In general, rain refers to water droplets that fall from the sky as part of the Earth's weather cycle. These drops form when moisture in the air condenses and cools, creating clouds which eventually become heavy enough to release the collected water.

If you have any medical concerns or questions, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive method used to measure changes in blood volume in the microvascular bed of tissue, typically the skin. It is based on the principle that light absorption and reflection by the skin change as the amount of blood in the capillaries changes due to the cardiac cycle.

A PPG sensor consists of a light-emitting diode (LED) that emits light at a specific wavelength, typically red or infrared, and a photodiode detector that measures the intensity of the transmitted or reflected light. The LED is placed in contact with the skin, and as the blood volume in the capillaries changes during the cardiac cycle, the amount of light absorbed or reflected by the skin also changes.

The PPG signal provides information about the cardiovascular system, including heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral vascular tone. It is widely used in medical devices such as pulse oximeters, which measure oxygen saturation in the blood, and wearable devices for monitoring vital signs.

A laminectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the lamina, which is the back part of the vertebra that covers the spinal canal. This procedure is often performed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves caused by conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or tumors. By removing the lamina, the surgeon can access the affected area and alleviate the compression on the spinal cord or nerves, thereby reducing pain, numbness, or weakness in the back, legs, or arms.

Laminectomy may be performed as a standalone procedure or in combination with other surgical techniques such as discectomy, foraminotomy, or spinal fusion. The specific approach and extent of the surgery will depend on the patient's individual condition and symptoms.

A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a medical condition that occurs when a blood clot, often formed in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis), breaks off and travels to the lungs, blocking one or more pulmonary arteries. This blockage can lead to various symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, rapid heart rate, and coughing up blood. In severe cases, it can cause life-threatening complications like low oxygen levels, hypotension, and even death if not promptly diagnosed and treated with anticoagulant medications or thrombolytic therapy to dissolve the clot.

Fertilizers are substances that are added to soil to provide nutrients necessary for plant growth and development. They typically contain macronutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in forms that can be readily taken up by plants. These three nutrients are essential for photosynthesis, energy transfer, and the production of proteins, nucleic acids, and other vital plant compounds.

Fertilizers may also contain secondary nutrients like calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) as well as micronutrients such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo). These elements play crucial roles in various plant metabolic processes, including enzyme activation, chlorophyll synthesis, and hormone production.

Fertilizers can be organic or synthetic. Organic fertilizers include materials like compost, manure, bone meal, and blood meal, which release nutrients slowly over time as they decompose. Synthetic fertilizers, also known as inorganic or chemical fertilizers, are manufactured chemicals that contain precise amounts of specific nutrients. They can be quickly absorbed by plants but may pose environmental risks if not used properly.

Proper fertilization is essential for optimal plant growth and crop yield. However, overuse or improper application of fertilizers can lead to nutrient runoff, soil degradation, water pollution, and other negative environmental impacts. Therefore, it's crucial to follow recommended fertilizer application rates and practices based on the specific needs of the plants and local regulations.

Biomechanics is the application of mechanical laws to living structures and systems, particularly in the field of medicine and healthcare. A biomechanical phenomenon refers to a observable event or occurrence that involves the interaction of biological tissues or systems with mechanical forces. These phenomena can be studied at various levels, from the molecular and cellular level to the tissue, organ, and whole-body level.

Examples of biomechanical phenomena include:

1. The way that bones and muscles work together to produce movement (known as joint kinematics).
2. The mechanical behavior of biological tissues such as bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments under various loads and stresses.
3. The response of cells and tissues to mechanical stimuli, such as the way that bone tissue adapts to changes in loading conditions (known as Wolff's law).
4. The biomechanics of injury and disease processes, such as the mechanisms of joint injury or the development of osteoarthritis.
5. The use of mechanical devices and interventions to treat medical conditions, such as orthopedic implants or assistive devices for mobility impairments.

Understanding biomechanical phenomena is essential for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies for a wide range of medical conditions, from musculoskeletal injuries to neurological disorders.

In the context of medical terminology, tablets refer to pharmaceutical dosage forms that contain various active ingredients. They are often manufactured in a solid, compressed form and can be administered orally. Tablets may come in different shapes, sizes, colors, and flavors, depending on their intended use and the manufacturer's specifications.

Some tablets are designed to disintegrate or dissolve quickly in the mouth, making them easier to swallow, while others are formulated to release their active ingredients slowly over time, allowing for extended drug delivery. These types of tablets are known as sustained-release or controlled-release tablets.

Tablets may contain a single active ingredient or a combination of several ingredients, depending on the intended therapeutic effect. They are typically manufactured using a variety of excipients, such as binders, fillers, and disintegrants, which help to hold the tablet together and ensure that it breaks down properly when ingested.

Overall, tablets are a convenient and widely used dosage form for administering medications, offering patients an easy-to-use and often palatable option for receiving their prescribed treatments.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Housing, Animal" is not a standard term in medical terminology. Medical terminology typically relates to the human body, diseases, treatments, and healthcare practices. "Housing, Animal" would be more related to veterinary medicine or animal care fields, which pertain to the accommodation and environment provided for animals. If you have any questions related to medical terminology, I'd be happy to help!

An "aircraft" is not a medical term, but rather a general term used to describe any vehicle or machine designed to be powered and operated in the air. This includes fixed-wing aircraft such as airplanes and gliders, as well as rotary-wing aircraft such as helicopters and autogyros.

However, there are some medical conditions that can affect a person's ability to safely operate an aircraft, such as certain cardiovascular or neurological disorders. In these cases, the individual may be required to undergo medical evaluation and obtain clearance from aviation medical examiners before they are allowed to fly.

Additionally, there are some medical devices and equipment that are used in aircraft, such as oxygen systems and medical evacuation equipment. These may be used to provide medical care to passengers or crew members during flight.

A pharmacy is a retail store or a healthcare facility where medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, are sold or dispensed. Pharmacies are staffed by professional pharmacists who provide medication therapy management services, including reviewing the patient's medication history, checking for potential drug interactions, dosage adjustments, and providing education to patients on the safe and effective use of their medications.

Pharmacies may also offer other health-related products such as medical supplies, vitamins, and personal care items. Some pharmacies are part of a larger healthcare system, such as hospitals or clinics, while others are standalone retail stores. In addition to traditional brick-and-mortar locations, there are also online pharmacies that operate over the internet.

It's important for patients to only obtain medications from licensed and reputable pharmacies to ensure their safety and the effectiveness of their treatment.

Cardiac arrest, also known as heart arrest, is a medical condition where the heart suddenly stops beating or functioning properly. This results in the cessation of blood flow to the rest of the body, including the brain, leading to loss of consciousness and pulse. Cardiac arrest is often caused by electrical disturbances in the heart that disrupt its normal rhythm, known as arrhythmias. If not treated immediately with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation, it can lead to death or permanent brain damage due to lack of oxygen supply. It's important to note that a heart attack is different from cardiac arrest; a heart attack occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, often by a clot, causing damage to the heart muscle, but the heart continues to beat. However, a heart attack can sometimes trigger a cardiac arrest.

An antidote is a substance that can counteract the effects of a poison or toxin. It works by neutralizing, reducing, or eliminating the harmful effects of the toxic substance. Antidotes can be administered in various forms such as medications, vaccines, or treatments. They are often used in emergency situations to save lives and prevent serious complications from poisoning.

The effectiveness of an antidote depends on several factors, including the type and amount of toxin involved, the timing of administration, and the individual's response to treatment. In some cases, multiple antidotes may be required to treat a single poisoning incident. It is important to note that not all poisons have specific antidotes, and in such cases, supportive care and symptomatic treatment may be necessary.

Examples of common antidotes include:

* Naloxone for opioid overdose
* Activated charcoal for certain types of poisoning
* Digoxin-specific antibodies for digoxin toxicity
* Fomepizole for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
* Dimercaprol for heavy metal poisoning.

In medicine, elasticity refers to the ability of a tissue or organ to return to its original shape after being stretched or deformed. This property is due to the presence of elastic fibers in the extracellular matrix of the tissue, which can stretch and recoil like rubber bands.

Elasticity is an important characteristic of many tissues, particularly those that are subjected to repeated stretching or compression, such as blood vessels, lungs, and skin. For example, the elasticity of the lungs allows them to expand and contract during breathing, while the elasticity of blood vessels helps maintain normal blood pressure by allowing them to expand and constrict in response to changes in blood flow.

In addition to its role in normal physiology, elasticity is also an important factor in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions. For example, decreased elasticity in the lungs can be a sign of lung disease, while increased elasticity in the skin can be a sign of aging or certain genetic disorders. Medical professionals may use techniques such as pulmonary function tests or skin biopsies to assess elasticity and help diagnose these conditions.

"Weight-bearing" is a term used in the medical field to describe the ability of a body part or limb to support the weight or pressure exerted upon it, typically while standing, walking, or performing other physical activities. In a clinical setting, healthcare professionals often use the term "weight-bearing exercise" to refer to physical activities that involve supporting one's own body weight, such as walking, jogging, or climbing stairs. These exercises can help improve bone density, muscle strength, and overall physical function, particularly in individuals with conditions affecting the bones, joints, or muscles.

In addition, "weight-bearing" is also used to describe the positioning of a body part during medical imaging studies, such as X-rays or MRIs. For example, a weight-bearing X-ray of the foot or ankle involves taking an image while the patient stands on the affected limb, allowing healthcare providers to assess any alignment or stability issues that may not be apparent in a non-weight-bearing position.

A hematoma is defined as a localized accumulation of blood in a tissue, organ, or body space caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel. This can result from various causes such as trauma, surgery, or certain medical conditions that affect coagulation. The severity and size of a hematoma may vary depending on the location and extent of the bleeding. Symptoms can include swelling, pain, bruising, and decreased mobility in the affected area. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the hematoma but may include observation, compression, ice, elevation, or in some cases, surgical intervention.

Chest wall oscillation is a technique used in physical therapy to help clear secretions from the airways in individuals with respiratory conditions such as cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It involves the use of an inflatable vest or wrap that is connected to a machine that delivers rapid, small bursts of air. These bursts cause the chest wall to oscillate or vibrate, which helps to loosen and mobilize secretions in the airways.

The therapy can be administered in different ways, including high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO), intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV), and mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E). The goal of chest wall oscillation is to improve lung function, reduce the risk of respiratory infections, and enhance overall quality of life.

It's important to note that chest wall oscillation should only be performed under the guidance and supervision of a trained healthcare professional, as improper use can lead to discomfort or injury.

Bone plates are medical devices used in orthopedic surgery to stabilize and hold together fractured or broken bones during the healing process. They are typically made of surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium, or other biocompatible materials. The plate is shaped to fit the contour of the bone and is held in place with screws that are inserted through the plate and into the bone on either side of the fracture. This provides stability and alignment to the broken bones, allowing them to heal properly. Bone plates can be used to treat a variety of fractures, including those that are complex or unstable. After healing is complete, the bone plate may be left in place or removed, depending on the individual's needs and the surgeon's recommendation.

'Medicago sativa' is the scientific name for a plant species more commonly known as alfalfa. In a medical context, alfalfa is often considered a herbal supplement and its medicinal properties include being a source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of conditions such as kidney problems, asthma, arthritis, and high cholesterol levels. However, it's important to note that the effectiveness of alfalfa for these uses is not conclusively established by scientific research and its use may have potential risks or interactions with certain medications. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

Self-help devices, also known as assistive devices or adaptive equipment, are tools that help individuals perform activities of daily living (ADLs) that have become difficult or impossible due to disability, injury, or aging. These devices can help improve a person's independence, safety, and quality of life by reducing the physical demands of daily tasks and compensating for functional limitations.

Examples of self-help devices include:

1. Mobility aids: walkers, canes, crutches, wheelchairs, scooters, and prosthetics that help with mobility and balance.
2. Bathroom aids: raised toilet seats, shower chairs, grab bars, and non-slip mats that help with bathing and toileting.
3. Dressing aids: button hooks, zipper pulls, reachers, and dressing sticks that help with dressing and grooming.
4. Kitchen aids: easy-grip utensils, jar openers, and adapted cutting boards that help with meal preparation and cooking.
5. Communication aids: speech-generating devices, communication boards, and hearing aids that help with communication and social interaction.
6. Cognitive aids: memory aids, calendar organizers, and visual cues that help with memory, attention, and executive functioning.

It is important to consult with healthcare professionals, such as occupational therapists or physical therapists, to determine the appropriate self-help devices for an individual's specific needs and to ensure proper use and safety.

Vascular diseases are medical conditions that affect the circulatory system, specifically the blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). These diseases can include conditions such as:

1. Atherosclerosis: The buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the walls of the arteries, which can restrict blood flow.
2. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): A condition caused by atherosclerosis where there is narrowing or blockage of the peripheral arteries, most commonly in the legs. This can lead to pain, numbness, and cramping.
3. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. This can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, or a heart attack.
4. Carotid Artery Disease: Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries in the neck that supply blood to the brain. This can increase the risk of stroke.
5. Cerebrovascular Disease: Conditions that affect blood flow to the brain, including stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA or "mini-stroke").
6. Aneurysm: A weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel that causes it to bulge outward and potentially rupture.
7. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot that forms in the deep veins, usually in the legs, which can cause pain, swelling, and increased risk of pulmonary embolism if the clot travels to the lungs.
8. Varicose Veins: Swollen, twisted, and often painful veins that have filled with an abnormal collection of blood, usually appearing in the legs.
9. Vasculitis: Inflammation of the blood vessels, which can cause damage and narrowing, leading to reduced blood flow.
10. Raynaud's Phenomenon: A condition where the small arteries that supply blood to the skin become narrowed, causing decreased blood flow, typically in response to cold temperatures or stress.

These are just a few examples of vascular conditions that fall under the umbrella term "cerebrovascular disease." Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes for many of these conditions.

The cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae that make up the upper part of the spine, also known as the neck region. They are labeled C1 to C7, with C1 being closest to the skull and C7 connecting to the thoracic vertebrae in the chest region. The cervical vertebrae have unique structures to allow for a wide range of motion in the neck while also protecting the spinal cord and providing attachment points for muscles and ligaments.

The saphenous vein is a term used in anatomical description to refer to the great or small saphenous veins, which are superficial veins located in the lower extremities of the human body.

The great saphenous vein (GSV) is the longest vein in the body and originates from the medial aspect of the foot, ascending along the medial side of the leg and thigh, and drains into the femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction, located in the upper third of the thigh.

The small saphenous vein (SSV) is a shorter vein that originates from the lateral aspect of the foot, ascends along the posterior calf, and drains into the popliteal vein at the saphenopopliteal junction, located in the popliteal fossa.

These veins are often used as conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery due to their consistent anatomy and length.

A chronic disease is a long-term medical condition that often progresses slowly over a period of years and requires ongoing management and care. These diseases are typically not fully curable, but symptoms can be managed to improve quality of life. Common chronic diseases include heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). They are often associated with advanced age, although they can also affect children and younger adults. Chronic diseases can have significant impacts on individuals' physical, emotional, and social well-being, as well as on healthcare systems and society at large.

The lumbar vertebrae are the five largest and strongest vertebrae in the human spine, located in the lower back region. They are responsible for bearing most of the body's weight and providing stability during movement. The lumbar vertebrae have a characteristic shape, with a large body in the front, which serves as the main weight-bearing structure, and a bony ring in the back, formed by the pedicles, laminae, and processes. This ring encloses and protects the spinal cord and nerves. The lumbar vertebrae are numbered L1 to L5, starting from the uppermost one. They allow for flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation movements of the trunk.

In medical terms, the foot is the part of the lower limb that is distal to the leg and below the ankle, extending from the tarsus to the toes. It is primarily responsible for supporting body weight and facilitating movement through push-off during walking or running. The foot is a complex structure made up of 26 bones, 33 joints, and numerous muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves that work together to provide stability, balance, and flexibility. It can be divided into three main parts: the hindfoot, which contains the talus and calcaneus (heel) bones; the midfoot, which includes the navicular, cuboid, and cuneiform bones; and the forefoot, which consists of the metatarsals and phalanges that form the toes.

Radiculopathy is a medical term that refers to the condition where there is damage or disturbance in the nerve roots as they exit the spinal column. These nerve roots, also known as radicles, can become damaged due to various reasons such as compression, inflammation, or injury, leading to a range of symptoms.

Radiculopathy may occur in any part of the spine, but it is most commonly found in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) regions. When the nerve roots in the cervical region are affected, it can result in symptoms such as neck pain, shoulder pain, arm pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or fingers. On the other hand, when the nerve roots in the lumbar region are affected, it can cause lower back pain, leg pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs or feet.

The symptoms of radiculopathy can vary depending on the severity and location of the damage to the nerve roots. In some cases, the condition may resolve on its own with rest and conservative treatment. However, in more severe cases, medical intervention such as physical therapy, medication, or surgery may be necessary to alleviate the symptoms and prevent further damage.

The iliac veins are a pair of large veins in the human body that carry deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities and the pelvic area back to the heart. They are formed by the union of the common iliac veins, which receive blood from the lower abdomen and legs, at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra.

The combined iliac vein is called the inferior vena cava, which continues upward to the right atrium of the heart. The iliac veins are located deep within the pelvis, lateral to the corresponding iliac arteries, and are accompanied by the iliac lymphatic vessels.

The left common iliac vein is longer than the right because it must cross the left common iliac artery to join the right common iliac vein. The external and internal iliac veins are the two branches of the common iliac vein, with the external iliac vein carrying blood from the lower limbs and the internal iliac vein carrying blood from the pelvic organs.

It is essential to maintain proper blood flow in the iliac veins to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a condition that can lead to serious complications such as pulmonary embolism.

In the context of medicine, particularly in physical therapy and rehabilitation, "pliability" refers to the quality or state of being flexible or supple. It describes the ability of tissues, such as muscles or fascia (connective tissue), to stretch, deform, and adapt to forces applied upon them without resistance or injury. Improving pliability can help enhance range of motion, reduce muscle stiffness, promote circulation, and alleviate pain. Techniques like soft tissue mobilization, myofascial release, and stretching are often used to increase pliability in clinical settings.

Pathological constriction refers to an abnormal narrowing or tightening of a body passage or organ, which can interfere with the normal flow of blood, air, or other substances through the area. This constriction can occur due to various reasons such as inflammation, scarring, or abnormal growths, and can affect different parts of the body, including blood vessels, airways, intestines, and ureters. Pathological constriction can lead to a range of symptoms and complications depending on its location and severity, and may require medical intervention to correct.

I believe you may have mixed up the terms "medicine" and "commerce." Commerce is a broad term that refers to the buying and selling of goods and services. It is not typically used in a medical context, so it does not have a specific medical definition. However, I can provide you with some related terms that might be helpful:

1. Medical commerce: This term generally refers to the business aspects of healthcare, such as the buying and selling of medical supplies, equipment, and services. It may also refer to the economic relationships between various stakeholders in the healthcare system, including providers, insurers, pharmaceutical companies, and patients.
2. Telemedicine commerce: This term specifically refers to the use of technology to facilitate remote consultations and transactions between healthcare providers and patients. Examples include online appointment scheduling, virtual consultations, and electronic prescribing.
3. Medical tourism: This is a form of commerce where people travel to other countries to receive medical treatment or procedures that may be less expensive or more accessible than in their home country. It can also refer to the business of providing medical services to international patients.
4. Healthcare marketing: This term refers to the activities and strategies used by healthcare organizations to promote their products, services, and brands to potential customers. It includes advertising, public relations, social media, content marketing, and other tactics designed to build awareness, generate leads, and drive sales.

I hope this information is helpful! Let me know if you have any further questions or concerns.

The Cauda Equina refers to a bundle of nerves at the lower end of the spinal cord within the vertebral column. It originates from the lumbar (L1-L5) and sacral (S1-S5) regions and looks like a horse's tail, hence the name "Cauda Equina" in Latin. These nerves are responsible for providing motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremities, bladder, bowel, and sexual organs. Any damage or compression to this region can lead to serious neurological deficits, such as bowel and bladder incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and lower limb weakness or paralysis.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Penaeidae" is not a medical term. It is actually the scientific name of a family of crustaceans, specifically marine decapods, commonly known as prawns or shrimps. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those instead.

Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, which is one of the largest nerves in the head. It carries sensations from the face to the brain.

Medically, trigeminal neuralgia is defined as a neuropathic disorder characterized by episodes of intense, stabbing, electric shock-like pain in the areas of the face supplied by the trigeminal nerve (the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions). The pain can be triggered by simple activities such as talking, eating, brushing teeth, or even touching the face lightly.

The condition is more common in women over 50, but it can occur at any age and in either gender. While the exact cause of trigeminal neuralgia is not always known, it can sometimes be related to pressure on the trigeminal nerve from a nearby blood vessel or other causes such as multiple sclerosis. Treatment typically involves medications, surgery, or a combination of both.

Myelography is a medical imaging technique used to examine the spinal cord and surrounding structures, such as the spinal nerves, intervertebral discs, and the spinal column. This procedure involves the injection of a contrast dye into the subarachnoid space, which is the area surrounding the spinal cord filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The dye outlines the spinal structures, making them visible on X-ray or CT scan images.

The primary purpose of myelography is to diagnose various spinal conditions, including herniated discs, spinal stenosis, tumors, infection, and traumatic injuries. It can help identify any compression or irritation of the spinal cord or nerves that may be causing pain, numbness, weakness, or other neurological symptoms.

The procedure typically requires the patient to lie flat on their stomach or side while the radiologist inserts a thin needle into the subarachnoid space, usually at the lower lumbar level. Once the contrast dye is injected, the patient will be repositioned for various X-ray views or undergo a CT scan to capture detailed images of the spine. After the procedure, patients may experience headaches, nausea, or discomfort at the injection site, but these symptoms usually resolve within a few days.

Fracture fixation, internal, is a surgical procedure where a fractured bone is fixed using metal devices such as plates, screws, or rods that are implanted inside the body. This technique helps to maintain the alignment and stability of the broken bone while it heals. The implants may be temporarily or permanently left inside the body, depending on the nature and severity of the fracture. Internal fixation allows for early mobilization and rehabilitation, which can result in a faster recovery and improved functional outcome.

Hemostatic techniques refer to various methods used in medicine to stop bleeding or hemorrhage. The goal of these techniques is to promote the body's natural clotting process and prevent excessive blood loss. Some common hemostatic techniques include:

1. Mechanical compression: Applying pressure directly to the wound to physically compress blood vessels and stop the flow of blood. This can be done manually or with the use of medical devices such as clamps, tourniquets, or compression bandages.
2. Suturing or stapling: Closing a wound with stitches or staples to bring the edges of the wound together and allow the body's natural clotting process to occur.
3. Electrocautery: Using heat generated by an electrical current to seal off blood vessels and stop bleeding.
4. Hemostatic agents: Applying topical substances that promote clotting, such as fibrin glue, collagen, or gelatin sponges, to the wound site.
5. Vascular embolization: Inserting a catheter into a blood vessel and injecting a substance that blocks the flow of blood to a specific area, such as a bleeding tumor or aneurysm.
6. Surgical ligation: Tying off a bleeding blood vessel with suture material during surgery.
7. Arterial or venous repair: Repairing damaged blood vessels through surgical intervention to restore normal blood flow and prevent further bleeding.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a type of synthetic resin that is widely used in the medical field due to its biocompatibility and versatility. It is a transparent, rigid, and lightweight material that can be easily molded into different shapes and forms. Here are some of the medical definitions of PMMA:

1. A biocompatible acrylic resin used in various medical applications such as bone cement, intraocular lenses, dental restorations, and drug delivery systems.
2. A type of synthetic material that is used as a bone cement to fix prosthetic joint replacements and vertebroplasty for the treatment of spinal fractures.
3. A transparent and shatter-resistant material used in the manufacture of medical devices such as intravenous (IV) fluid bags, dialyzer housings, and oxygenators.
4. A drug delivery system that can be used to administer drugs locally or systemically, such as intraocular sustained-release drug implants for the treatment of chronic eye diseases.
5. A component of dental restorations such as fillings, crowns, and bridges due to its excellent mechanical properties and esthetic qualities.

Overall, PMMA is a versatile and valuable material in the medical field, with numerous applications that take advantage of its unique properties.

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process that occurs after tissue injury, aiming to restore the integrity and functionality of the damaged tissue. It involves a series of overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.

1. Hemostasis: This initial phase begins immediately after injury and involves the activation of the coagulation cascade to form a clot, which stabilizes the wound and prevents excessive blood loss.
2. Inflammation: Activated inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, infiltrate the wound site to eliminate pathogens, remove debris, and release growth factors that promote healing. This phase typically lasts for 2-5 days post-injury.
3. Proliferation: In this phase, various cell types, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes, proliferate and migrate to the wound site to synthesize extracellular matrix (ECM) components, form new blood vessels (angiogenesis), and re-epithelialize the wounded area. This phase can last up to several weeks depending on the size and severity of the wound.
4. Remodeling: The final phase of wound healing involves the maturation and realignment of collagen fibers, leading to the restoration of tensile strength in the healed tissue. This process can continue for months to years after injury, although the tissue may never fully regain its original structure and function.

It is important to note that wound healing can be compromised by several factors, including age, nutrition, comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, vascular disease), and infection, which can result in delayed healing or non-healing chronic wounds.

Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) medication that is used as an anticoagulant to prevent and treat blood clots. It works by binding to and inhibiting the activity of factor Xa, a clotting factor in the blood. This helps to reduce the risk of clot formation and can help to prevent conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Enoxaparin is typically given by injection under the skin (subcutaneously) and is available under the brand names Lovenox and Clexane, among others. It is important to follow the instructions of a healthcare professional when using enoxaparin, as it can increase the risk of bleeding.

The spine, also known as the vertebral column, is a complex structure in the human body that is part of the axial skeleton. It is composed of 33 individual vertebrae (except in some people where there are fewer due to fusion of certain vertebrae), intervertebral discs, facet joints, ligaments, muscles, and nerves.

The spine has several important functions:

1. Protection: The spine protects the spinal cord, which is a major component of the nervous system, by enclosing it within a bony canal.
2. Support: The spine supports the head and upper body, allowing us to maintain an upright posture and facilitating movement of the trunk and head.
3. Movement: The spine enables various movements such as flexion (bending forward), extension (bending backward), lateral flexion (bending sideways), and rotation (twisting).
4. Weight-bearing: The spine helps distribute weight and pressure evenly across the body, reducing stress on individual vertebrae and other structures.
5. Blood vessel and nerve protection: The spine protects vital blood vessels and nerves that pass through it, including the aorta, vena cava, and spinal nerves.

The spine is divided into five regions: cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae), lumbar (5 vertebrae), sacrum (5 fused vertebrae), and coccyx (4 fused vertebrae, also known as the tailbone). Each region has unique characteristics that allow for specific functions and adaptations to the body's needs.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

Excipients are inactive substances that serve as vehicles or mediums for the active ingredients in medications. They make up the bulk of a pharmaceutical formulation and help to stabilize, preserve, and enhance the delivery of the active drug compound. Common examples of excipients include binders, fillers, coatings, disintegrants, flavors, sweeteners, and colors. While excipients are generally considered safe and inert, they can sometimes cause allergic reactions or other adverse effects in certain individuals.

I'm happy to help! However, I must clarify that "materials testing" is not a medical term per se. It is a term used in various fields, including engineering and materials science, to describe the process of subjecting materials to different tests to evaluate their properties and performance under various conditions.

In the context of medical devices or implants, materials testing may refer to the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of materials used in their construction. These tests can include assessments of strength, durability, biocompatibility, and other factors that are critical to ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical devices.

Medical device manufacturers must comply with regulatory standards for materials testing to ensure that their products meet specific requirements for performance, safety, and quality. These standards may vary depending on the type of device, its intended use, and the country or region in which it will be marketed and sold.

An intervertebral disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure found between the vertebrae of the spinal column in humans and other animals. It functions as a shock absorber, distributes mechanical stress during weight-bearing activities, and allows for varying degrees of mobility between adjacent vertebrae.

The disc is composed of two parts: the annulus fibrosus, which forms the tough, outer layer; and the nucleus pulposus, which is a gel-like substance in the center that contains proteoglycans and water. The combination of these components provides the disc with its unique ability to distribute forces and allow for movement.

The intervertebral discs are essential for the normal functioning of the spine, providing stability, flexibility, and protection to the spinal cord and nerves. However, they can also be subject to degeneration and injury, which may result in conditions such as herniated discs or degenerative disc disease.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of disorders that occur when the blood vessels or nerves in the thoracic outlet, the space between the collarbone (clavicle) and the first rib, become compressed. This compression can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the neck, shoulder, arm, and hand.

There are three types of TOS:

1. Neurogenic TOS: This is the most common type and occurs when the nerves (brachial plexus) that pass through the thoracic outlet become compressed, causing symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arm and hand.
2. Venous TOS: This type occurs when the veins that pass through the thoracic outlet become compressed, leading to swelling, pain, and discoloration of the arm.
3. Arterial TOS: This is the least common type and occurs when the arteries that pass through the thoracic outlet become compressed, causing decreased blood flow to the arm, which can result in pain, numbness, and coldness in the arm and hand.

TOS can be caused by a variety of factors, including an extra rib (cervical rib), muscle tightness or spasm, poor posture, repetitive motions, trauma, or tumors. Treatment for TOS may include physical therapy, pain management, and in some cases, surgery.

May-Thurner Syndrome, also known as iliac vein compression or Cockett's syndrome, is a rare medical condition where the left common iliac vein is compressed by the right common iliac artery. This compression can lead to the development of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis) in the left leg, which can potentially cause serious complications such as pulmonary embolism if the clots travel to the lungs. Symptoms may include swelling, pain, and discoloration in the affected leg. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging studies like CT scans or MRIs, and treatment options include anticoagulation therapy, thrombolysis, or surgical intervention to alleviate the compression.

Least-Squares Analysis is not a medical term, but rather a statistical method that is used in various fields including medicine. It is a way to find the best fit line or curve for a set of data points by minimizing the sum of the squared distances between the observed data points and the fitted line or curve. This method is often used in medical research to analyze data, such as fitting a regression line to a set of data points to make predictions or identify trends. The goal is to find the line or curve that most closely represents the pattern of the data, which can help researchers understand relationships between variables and make more informed decisions based on their analysis.

Dizziness is a term used to describe a range of sensations, such as feeling lightheaded, faint, unsteady, or a false sense of spinning or moving. Medically, dizziness is often described as a non-specific symptom that can be caused by various underlying conditions or factors. These may include:

1. Inner ear disorders (such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, labyrinthitis, vestibular neuronitis, or Meniere's disease)
2. Cardiovascular problems (like low blood pressure, arrhythmias, or orthostatic hypotension)
3. Neurological issues (such as migraines, multiple sclerosis, or stroke)
4. Anxiety disorders and panic attacks
5. Side effects of medications
6. Dehydration or overheating
7. Infections (like viral infections or bacterial meningitis)
8. Head or neck injuries
9. Low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia)

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional if you experience persistent dizziness, as it can be a sign of a more severe underlying condition. The appropriate treatment will depend on the specific cause of the dizziness.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Fisheries" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Fisheries are places or practices concerned with the catching, processing, or selling of fish, shellfish, and other forms of aquatic life. They can refer to commercial operations, recreational activities, or scientific research related to aquatic species. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to help answer those for you!

Bone cements are medical-grade materials used in orthopedic and trauma surgery to fill gaps between bone surfaces and implants, such as artificial joints or screws. They serve to mechanically stabilize the implant and provide a smooth, load-bearing surface. The two most common types of bone cement are:

1. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement: This is a two-component system consisting of powdered PMMA and liquid methyl methacrylate monomer. When mixed together, they form a dough-like consistency that hardens upon exposure to air. PMMA cement has been widely used for decades in joint replacement surgeries, such as hip or knee replacements.
2. Calcium phosphate (CP) cement: This is a two-component system consisting of a powdered CP compound and an aqueous solution. When mixed together, they form a paste that hardens through a chemical reaction at body temperature. CP cement has lower mechanical strength compared to PMMA but demonstrates better biocompatibility, bioactivity, and the ability to resorb over time.

Both types of bone cements have advantages and disadvantages, and their use depends on the specific surgical indication and patient factors.

"Animal nutritional physiological phenomena" is not a standardized medical or scientific term. However, it seems to refer to the processes and functions related to nutrition and physiology in animals. Here's a breakdown of the possible components:

1. Animal: This term refers to non-human living organisms that are multicellular, heterotrophic, and have a distinct nervous system.
2. Nutritional: This term pertains to the nourishment and energy requirements of an animal, including the ingestion, digestion, absorption, transportation, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients.
3. Physiological: This term refers to the functions and processes that occur within a living organism, including the interactions between different organs and systems.
4. Phenomena: This term generally means an observable fact or event.

Therefore, "animal nutritional physiological phenomena" could refer to the observable events and processes related to nutrition and physiology in animals. Examples of such phenomena include digestion, absorption, metabolism, energy production, growth, reproduction, and waste elimination.

A "Pharmacy Service, Hospital" is a health care service that provides for the careful compounding, dispensing, and distribution of medications and pharmaceutical devices within a hospital or healthcare facility. It is typically staffed by licensed pharmacists and pharmacy technicians who work collaboratively with other healthcare professionals to ensure the safe and effective use of medications for patients.

The hospital pharmacy service is responsible for managing the medication use process, including the acquisition, storage, preparation, dispensing, administration, and monitoring of medications. This includes ensuring that medications are properly labeled, stored, and distributed to patients in a timely manner, as well as providing education and counseling to patients on the safe and effective use of their medications.

The hospital pharmacy service may also provide specialized services such as sterile product preparation, investigational drug services, medication therapy management, and pharmacokinetic dosing services. These services are designed to optimize medication therapy, improve patient outcomes, reduce medication errors, and minimize the risk of adverse drug events.

Overall, the hospital pharmacy service plays a critical role in ensuring the safe and effective use of medications in the hospital setting, and contributes to the overall quality and safety of patient care.

Absorbable implants are medical devices that are designed to be placed inside the body during a surgical procedure, where they provide support, stabilization, or other functions, and then gradually break down and are absorbed by the body over time. These implants are typically made from materials such as polymers, proteins, or ceramics that have been engineered to degrade at a controlled rate, allowing them to be resorbed and eliminated from the body without the need for a second surgical procedure to remove them.

Absorbable implants are often used in orthopedic, dental, and plastic surgery applications, where they can help promote healing and support tissue regeneration. For example, absorbable screws or pins may be used to stabilize fractured bones during the healing process, after which they will gradually dissolve and be absorbed by the body. Similarly, absorbable membranes may be used in dental surgery to help guide the growth of new bone and gum tissue around an implant, and then be resorbed over time.

It's important to note that while absorbable implants offer several advantages over non-absorbable materials, such as reduced risk of infection and improved patient comfort, they may also have some limitations. For example, the mechanical properties of absorbable materials may not be as strong as those of non-absorbable materials, which could affect their performance in certain applications. Additionally, the degradation products of absorbable implants may cause local inflammation or other adverse reactions in some patients. As with any medical device, the use of absorbable implants should be carefully considered and discussed with a qualified healthcare professional.

Pain measurement, in a medical context, refers to the quantification or evaluation of the intensity and/or unpleasantness of a patient's subjective pain experience. This is typically accomplished through the use of standardized self-report measures such as numerical rating scales (NRS), visual analog scales (VAS), or categorical scales (mild, moderate, severe). In some cases, physiological measures like heart rate, blood pressure, and facial expressions may also be used to supplement self-reported pain ratings. The goal of pain measurement is to help healthcare providers better understand the nature and severity of a patient's pain in order to develop an effective treatment plan.

Spontaneous fractures are bone breaks that occur without any identifiable trauma or injury. They are typically caused by underlying medical conditions that weaken the bones, making them more susceptible to breaking under normal stress or weight. The most common cause of spontaneous fractures is osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones. Other potential causes include various bone diseases, certain cancers, long-term use of corticosteroids, and genetic disorders affecting bone strength.

It's important to note that while the term "spontaneous" implies that the fracture occurred without any apparent cause, it is usually the result of an underlying medical condition. Therefore, if you experience a spontaneous fracture, seeking medical attention is crucial to diagnose and manage the underlying cause to prevent future fractures and related complications.

In medical terms, the knee is referred to as the largest and one of the most complex joints in the human body. It is a hinge joint that connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bones (tibia and fibula), enabling movements like flexion, extension, and a small amount of rotation. The knee also contains several other components such as menisci, ligaments, tendons, and bursae, which provide stability, cushioning, and protection during movement.

Tracheal stenosis is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal narrowing of the trachea (windpipe), which can lead to difficulty breathing. This narrowing can be caused by various factors such as inflammation, scarring, or the growth of abnormal tissue in the airway. Symptoms may include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort, particularly during physical activity. Treatment options for tracheal stenosis depend on the severity and underlying cause of the condition and may include medications, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, or surgical interventions such as laser surgery, stent placement, or tracheal reconstruction.

Ultrasonography, Doppler, color is a type of diagnostic ultrasound technique that uses the Doppler effect to produce visual images of blood flow in vessels and the heart. The Doppler effect is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave. In this context, it refers to the change in frequency of the ultrasound waves as they reflect off moving red blood cells.

In color Doppler ultrasonography, different colors are used to represent the direction and speed of blood flow. Red typically represents blood flowing toward the transducer (the device that sends and receives sound waves), while blue represents blood flowing away from the transducer. The intensity or brightness of the color is proportional to the velocity of blood flow.

Color Doppler ultrasonography is often used in conjunction with grayscale ultrasound imaging, which provides information about the structure and composition of tissues. Together, these techniques can help diagnose a wide range of conditions, including heart disease, blood clots, and abnormalities in blood flow.

Osteoporotic fractures are breaks or cracks in bones that occur as a result of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones. Osteoporosis causes bones to lose density and strength, making them more susceptible to fractures, even from minor injuries or falls.

The most common types of osteoporotic fractures are:

1. Hip fractures: These occur when the upper part of the thigh bone (femur) breaks, often due to a fall. Hip fractures can be serious and may require surgery and hospitalization.
2. Vertebral compression fractures: These occur when the bones in the spine (vertebrae) collapse, causing height loss, back pain, and deformity. They are often caused by everyday activities, such as bending or lifting.
3. Wrist fractures: These occur when the bones in the wrist break, often due to a fall. Wrist fractures are common in older adults with osteoporosis.
4. Other fractures: Osteoporotic fractures can also occur in other bones, such as the pelvis, ribs, and humerus (upper arm bone).

Prevention is key in managing osteoporosis and reducing the risk of osteoporotic fractures. This includes getting enough calcium and vitamin D, engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and taking medications as prescribed by a healthcare provider.

The medical definition of "eating" refers to the process of consuming and ingesting food or nutrients into the body. This process typically involves several steps, including:

1. Food preparation: This may involve cleaning, chopping, cooking, or combining ingredients to make them ready for consumption.
2. Ingestion: The act of taking food or nutrients into the mouth and swallowing it.
3. Digestion: Once food is ingested, it travels down the esophagus and enters the stomach, where it is broken down by enzymes and acids to facilitate absorption of nutrients.
4. Absorption: Nutrients are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and transported to cells throughout the body for use as energy or building blocks for growth and repair.
5. Elimination: Undigested food and waste products are eliminated from the body through the large intestine (colon) and rectum.

Eating is an essential function that provides the body with the nutrients it needs to maintain health, grow, and repair itself. Disorders of eating, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, can have serious consequences for physical and mental health.

The celiac artery, also known as the anterior abdominal aortic trunk, is a major artery that originates from the abdominal aorta and supplies oxygenated blood to the foregut, which includes the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, and upper part of the duodenum. It branches into three main branches: the left gastric artery, the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery. The celiac artery plays a crucial role in providing blood to these vital organs, and any disruption or damage to it can lead to serious health consequences.

'Government Financing' in the context of healthcare refers to the role of government in funding healthcare services, programs, and infrastructure. This can be achieved through various mechanisms such as:

1. Direct provision of healthcare services: The government operates and funds its own hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities, where it employs healthcare professionals to deliver care.
2. Public insurance programs: The government establishes and manages health insurance programs, like Medicare and Medicaid in the United States, which provide coverage for specific populations and reimburse healthcare providers for services delivered to enrollees.
3. Tax subsidies and incentives: Governments may offer tax breaks or other financial incentives to encourage private investments in healthcare infrastructure, research, and development.
4. Grants and loans: Government agencies can provide funding to healthcare organizations, researchers, and educational institutions in the form of grants and loans for specific projects, programs, or initiatives.
5. Public-private partnerships (PPPs): Governments collaborate with private entities to jointly fund and manage healthcare services, facilities, or infrastructure projects.

Government financing plays a significant role in shaping healthcare systems and ensuring access to care for vulnerable populations. The extent of government involvement in financing varies across countries, depending on their political, economic, and social contexts.

Blood flow velocity is the speed at which blood travels through a specific part of the vascular system. It is typically measured in units of distance per time, such as centimeters per second (cm/s) or meters per second (m/s). Blood flow velocity can be affected by various factors, including cardiac output, vessel diameter, and viscosity of the blood. Measuring blood flow velocity is important in diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions, such as heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.

Spinal nerve roots are the initial parts of spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramen, which are small openings between each vertebra in the spine. These nerve roots carry motor, sensory, and autonomic fibers to and from specific regions of the body. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerve roots in total, with 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal pair. Each root has a dorsal (posterior) and ventral (anterior) ramus that branch off to form the peripheral nervous system. Irritation or compression of these nerve roots can result in pain, numbness, weakness, or loss of reflexes in the affected area.

Intervertebral disc displacement, also known as a slipped disc or herniated disc, is a medical condition where the inner, softer material (nucleus pulposus) of the intervertebral disc bulges or ruptures through its outer, tougher ring (annulus fibrosus). This can put pressure on nearby nerves and cause pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area, often in the lower back or neck. The displacement may also lead to inflammation and irritation of the surrounding spinal structures, further exacerbating the symptoms. The condition is typically caused by age-related wear and tear (degenerative disc disease) or sudden trauma.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical technique used to compare the means of two or more groups and determine whether there are any significant differences between them. It is a way to analyze the variance in a dataset to determine whether the variability between groups is greater than the variability within groups, which can indicate that the groups are significantly different from one another.

ANOVA is based on the concept of partitioning the total variance in a dataset into two components: variance due to differences between group means (also known as "between-group variance") and variance due to differences within each group (also known as "within-group variance"). By comparing these two sources of variance, ANOVA can help researchers determine whether any observed differences between groups are statistically significant, or whether they could have occurred by chance.

ANOVA is a widely used technique in many areas of research, including biology, psychology, engineering, and business. It is often used to compare the means of two or more experimental groups, such as a treatment group and a control group, to determine whether the treatment had a significant effect. ANOVA can also be used to compare the means of different populations or subgroups within a population, to identify any differences that may exist between them.

Hemodynamics is the study of how blood flows through the cardiovascular system, including the heart and the vascular network. It examines various factors that affect blood flow, such as blood volume, viscosity, vessel length and diameter, and pressure differences between different parts of the circulatory system. Hemodynamics also considers the impact of various physiological and pathological conditions on these variables, and how they in turn influence the function of vital organs and systems in the body. It is a critical area of study in fields such as cardiology, anesthesiology, and critical care medicine.

A cadaver is a deceased body that is used for medical research or education. In the field of medicine, cadavers are often used in anatomy lessons, surgical training, and other forms of medical research. The use of cadavers allows medical professionals to gain a deeper understanding of the human body and its various systems without causing harm to living subjects. Cadavers may be donated to medical schools or obtained through other means, such as through consent of the deceased or their next of kin. It is important to handle and treat cadavers with respect and dignity, as they were once living individuals who deserve to be treated with care even in death.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Finite Element Analysis" (FEA) is not a medical term. It is a computational technique used in engineering and physical sciences. FEA is a computerized method for predicting how a product reacts to real-world forces, vibration, heat, fluid flow, and other physical effects. It's a way that engineers can simulate the performance of a product or system before it is built, which can help reduce costs, improve quality, and shorten the development time.

However, in a medical context, FEA might be used in the field of biomechanical engineering to analyze the mechanical behavior of biological systems, such as bones, joints, or soft tissues, under various loads and conditions. This can help researchers and clinicians better understand the mechanisms of injury, disease, or the effects of treatment, and develop more effective prevention, diagnostic, or therapeutic strategies.

Epidural neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the epidural space, which is the area between the dura mater (the outermost protective covering of the spinal cord) and the vertebral column. These tumors can be either primary, originating directly from the cells in the epidural space, or secondary, resulting from the spread (metastasis) of cancerous cells from other parts of the body.

Epidural neoplasms can cause various symptoms due to the compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots. These symptoms may include localized back pain, radiating pain, sensory changes, motor weakness, and autonomic dysfunction. The diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, followed by a biopsy for histopathological examination to confirm the type and grade of the tumor. Treatment options depend on several factors, including the patient's overall health, the location and size of the tumor, and the type and extent of neurological deficits. Treatment may involve surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Regional blood flow (RBF) refers to the rate at which blood flows through a specific region or organ in the body, typically expressed in milliliters per minute per 100 grams of tissue (ml/min/100g). It is an essential physiological parameter that reflects the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues while removing waste products. RBF can be affected by various factors such as metabolic demands, neural regulation, hormonal influences, and changes in blood pressure or vascular resistance. Measuring RBF is crucial for understanding organ function, diagnosing diseases, and evaluating the effectiveness of treatments.

The epidural space is the potential space located outside the dura mater, which is the outermost of the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (the meninges). This space runs the entire length of the spinal canal and contains fatty tissue, blood vessels, and nerve roots. It is often used as a route for administering anesthesia during childbirth or surgery, as well as for pain management in certain medical conditions. The injection of medications into this space is called an epidural block.

Bone screws are medical devices used in orthopedic and trauma surgery to affix bone fracture fragments or to attach bones to other bones or to metal implants such as plates, rods, or artificial joints. They are typically made of stainless steel or titanium alloys and have a threaded shaft that allows for purchase in the bone when tightened. The head of the screw may have a hexagonal or star-shaped design to allow for precise tightening with a screwdriver. Bone screws come in various shapes, sizes, and designs, including fully threaded, partially threaded, cannulated (hollow), and headless types, depending on their intended use and location in the body.

In the context of medical terminology, "powders" do not have a specific technical definition. However, in a general sense, powders refer to dry, finely ground or pulverized solid substances that can be dispersed in air or liquid mediums. In medicine, powders may include various forms of medications, such as crushed tablets or capsules, which are intended to be taken orally, mixed with liquids, or applied topically. Additionally, certain medical treatments and therapies may involve the use of medicated powders for various purposes, such as drying agents, abrasives, or delivery systems for active ingredients.

A Radiology Information System (RIS) is a type of healthcare software specifically designed to manage medical imaging data and related patient information. It serves as a centralized database and communication platform for radiology departments, allowing the integration, storage, retrieval, and sharing of patient records, orders, reports, images, and other relevant documents.

The primary functions of a RIS typically include:

1. Scheduling and tracking: Managing appointments, scheduling resources, and monitoring workflow within the radiology department.
2. Order management: Tracking and processing requests for imaging exams from referring physicians or other healthcare providers.
3. Image tracking: Monitoring the movement of images throughout the entire imaging process, from acquisition to reporting and storage.
4. Report generation: Assisting radiologists in creating structured, standardized reports based on the interpreted imaging studies.
5. Results communication: Sending finalized reports back to the referring physicians or other healthcare providers, often through integration with electronic health records (EHRs) or hospital information systems (HIS).
6. Data analytics: Providing tools for analyzing and reporting departmental performance metrics, such as turnaround times, equipment utilization, and patient satisfaction.
7. Compliance and security: Ensuring adherence to regulatory requirements related to data privacy, protection, and storage, while maintaining secure access controls for authorized users.

By streamlining these processes, a RIS helps improve efficiency, reduce errors, enhance communication, and support better patient care within radiology departments.

Tensile strength is a material property that measures the maximum amount of tensile (pulling) stress that a material can withstand before failure, such as breaking or fracturing. It is usually measured in units of force per unit area, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa). In the context of medical devices or biomaterials, tensile strength may be used to describe the mechanical properties of materials used in implants, surgical tools, or other medical equipment. High tensile strength is often desirable in these applications to ensure that the material can withstand the stresses and forces it will encounter during use.

Medical science often defines and describes "walking" as a form of locomotion or mobility where an individual repeatedly lifts and sets down each foot to move forward, usually bearing weight on both legs. It is a complex motor activity that requires the integration and coordination of various systems in the human body, including the musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiovascular systems.

Walking involves several components such as balance, coordination, strength, and endurance. The ability to walk independently is often used as a measure of functional mobility and overall health status. However, it's important to note that the specific definition of walking may vary depending on the context and the medical or scientific field in question.

Ulnar nerve compression syndromes refer to a group of conditions characterized by the entrapment or compression of the ulnar nerve, leading to various symptoms. The ulnar nerve provides motor function to the hand muscles and sensation to the little finger and half of the ring finger.

There are several sites along the course of the ulnar nerve where it can become compressed, resulting in different types of ulnar nerve compression syndromes:

1. Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: This occurs when the ulnar nerve is compressed at the elbow, within the cubital tunnel - a narrow passage located on the inner side of the elbow. Symptoms may include numbness and tingling in the little finger and half of the ring finger, weakness in gripping or pinching, and pain or discomfort in the elbow.

2. Guyon's Canal Syndrome: This type of ulnar nerve compression syndrome happens when the nerve is compressed at the wrist, within the Guyon's canal. Causes can include ganglion cysts, bone fractures, or repetitive motion injuries. Symptoms may include numbness and tingling in the little finger and half of the ring finger, weakness or paralysis in the hand muscles, and muscle wasting in severe cases.

Treatment for ulnar nerve compression syndromes depends on the severity and location of the compression. Conservative treatments such as physical therapy, bracing, or anti-inflammatory medications may be recommended for milder cases. Severe or persistent symptoms may require surgical intervention to relieve the pressure on the ulnar nerve.

Patient compliance, also known as medication adherence or patient adherence, refers to the degree to which a patient's behavior matches the agreed-upon recommendations from their healthcare provider. This includes taking medications as prescribed (including the correct dosage, frequency, and duration), following dietary restrictions, making lifestyle changes, and attending follow-up appointments. Poor patient compliance can negatively impact treatment outcomes and lead to worsening of symptoms, increased healthcare costs, and development of drug-resistant strains in the case of antibiotics. It is a significant challenge in healthcare and efforts are being made to improve patient education, communication, and support to enhance compliance.

Drug compounding is the process of combining, mixing, or altering ingredients to create a customized medication to meet the specific needs of an individual patient. This can be done for a variety of reasons, such as when a patient has an allergy to a certain ingredient in a mass-produced medication, or when a patient requires a different dosage or formulation than what is available commercially.

Compounding requires specialized training and equipment, and compounding pharmacists must follow strict guidelines to ensure the safety and efficacy of the medications they produce. Compounded medications are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but the FDA does regulate the ingredients used in compounding and has oversight over the practices of compounding pharmacies.

It's important to note that while compounding can provide benefits for some patients, it also carries risks, such as the potential for contamination or incorrect dosing. Patients should only receive compounded medications from reputable pharmacies that follow proper compounding standards and procedures.

A false aneurysm, also known as a pseudoaneurysm, is a type of aneurysm that occurs when there is a leakage or rupture of blood from a blood vessel into the surrounding tissues, creating a pulsating hematoma or collection of blood. Unlike true aneurysms, which involve a localized dilation or bulging of the blood vessel wall, false aneurysms do not have a complete covering of all three layers of the arterial wall (intima, media, and adventitia). Instead, they are typically covered by only one or two layers, such as the intima and adventitia, or by surrounding tissues like connective tissue or fascia.

False aneurysms can result from various factors, including trauma, infection, iatrogenic causes (such as medical procedures), or degenerative changes in the blood vessel wall. They are more common in arteries than veins and can occur in any part of the body. If left untreated, false aneurysms can lead to serious complications such as rupture, thrombosis, distal embolization, or infection. Treatment options for false aneurysms include surgical repair, endovascular procedures, or observation with regular follow-up imaging.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a medical condition where the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops functioning outside of a hospital setting, leading to the cessation of blood circulation and breathing. This results in immediate unconsciousness and can be caused by various factors such as electrical disturbances in the heart, severe trauma, or suffocation. It is a serious emergency that requires immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and advanced life support measures to restore spontaneous circulation and improve survival outcomes.

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Wearing graded compression stockings may be helpful. Certain medications may also be helpful: Beta blockers (β-adrenergic ...
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Graduated compression stockings-which apply higher pressure at the ankles and a lower pressure around the knees can be trialed ... Graduated compression stockings have sharply reduced the levels of asymptomatic DVT in airline passengers, but the effect on ... However, graduated compression stockings are not suggested for long-haul travelers (>4 hours) without risk factors for VTE. ... April 2016). "Compression Stockings for Preventing the Postthrombotic Syndrome in Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis". The ...
Compression stockings should be removed before the test so that adequate volume of blood will return to the heart during the ... Jacob Chakco, Cyril; P Wise, Matt; J Frost, Paul (1 June 2015). "Passive leg raising and compression stockings: a note of ...
Kemmler W, von Stengel S, Köckritz C, Mayhew J, Wassermann A, Zapf J (January 2009). "Effect of compression stockings on ... A small study of runners found that wearing knee-high compression stockings while running significantly improved performance. ... In a small study of factory workers in good health, wearing compression garments helped to reduce edema and the pain associated ... Blättler W, Kreis N, Lun B, Winiger J, Amsler F (2008). "Leg symptoms of healthy people and their treatment with compression ...
Cohen SA, Hurt WG (May 2001). "Compartment syndrome associated with lithotomy position and intermittent compression stockings ...
Compression stockings can help with pain and make walking easier. Regularly moisturising with emollients protects the skin and ... and compression garments that keep the fluid at bay and assist the sluggish lymphatic flow. The use of surgical techniques is ...
... and graduated elastic compression stockings have all be used in the treatment of SVTs. The benefit of compression stockings is ... Multiple compression bandages exist. Fixed compression bandages, adhesive short stretch bandages, ... Treatment may entail the use of compression, physical activity, medications, or surgical interventions. The optimal treatment ...
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Compression stockings, which provide the opposite features Diabetic foot Diabetic shoe Veves, Aristidis; Giurini, John M.; ... FDA regulated gradient compression, they may include venous compression for enhanced blood circulation. Proper diabetic socks ... An Evolution of Socks and Compression Sleeves: From Simple Support to Injury Prevention Sockwear Recommendations for People ... compression type, and plain non-binding to allow circulation to flow more freely. Extra wide socks are available for excessive ...
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"Public Summary: Skins Compression Garment Pty Ltd - Stocking, antioedema, arm/leg". "Public Summary: Skins Compression Garment ... Their compression stockings are listed on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods as a medical device for reducing oedema ... The year after, SKINS lodged patents on their compression technology. In 2005, manufacturing was moved to China with a product ... "Skins Compression Garments Pty Ltd". Australian Competition & Consumer Commission. 25 May 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2012. ...
Products include bandages, tights, stockings, knee highs and stump socks.[citation needed] Össur manufactures prosthetic limbs ... compression therapy, and prosthetics. The company is headquartered in Reykjavík, with offices in the Americas, Europe, and Asia ... compression therapy, and prosthetics including bionics technology. It manufactures a range of braces and support products for ... Össur entered the compression therapy segment with the acquisition of the French company Gibaud. ...
Graduated compression stockings (sometimes called "medical compression stockings") Medication (anticoagulants) to prevent DVT. ... Differences between the use of thigh-high compression stockings and shorter types to prevent blood clots exist, but remain ... The correct use and properly fitted graded compression stockings can reduce the rate of thrombosis by 50%.: 745-46 ... Medications that inhibit blood clot formation include: Adding heparin to the use of compression stockings may prevent ...
Horse chestnut extract may be as effective and well tolerated as the use of compression stockings. Aescin appears to produce ...
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... of lipodermatosclerosis may include treating venous insufficiency with leg elevation and elastic compression stockings; in some ...
Deep vein thrombosis is prevented with compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression of the calves, or both. A ...
Treatment like compression stockings, meticulous skin care or doing remedial exercises may help ameliorate the symptoms.[ ... a low cardiac output and the compression of the graft. In such cases, heparin (anticoagulant) and thrombectomy can be used to ...
In some instances, foot elevation, diuretic medication and compression stockings can reduce the build up of fluid. In a ...
This trauma can include breaking bones, strapping extremities in too tightly and using high-pressured compression stockings. ...
... scissors Tulle gras Compression stockings Field dressing (bandage) Dressing (medical) "Paper-folding art inspires ... The term 'compression bandage' describes a wide variety of bandages with many different applications. Short stretch compression ... Long stretch compression bandages have long stretch properties, meaning their high compressive power can be easily adjusted. ...
This trauma can include breaking bones, strapping extremities in too tightly, and using high-pressure compression stockings. ...
In such cases intermittent pneumatic pressure device may be used or much simpler compression stockings could be given. Leg ...
The company sells products from several international manufacturers of medical equipment, OR tables, compression stockings, ...
Knee-high stockings are easier to size for limb measurement than thigh-high compression stockings. Thigh-high compression ... "Compression Stockings Incorrectly Used in 29 Percent of Patients". "What are Gradient Compression Stockings?". Physiocore. ... The graduated (gradient, graded) compression stockings and anti-embolism compression stockings come in knee-high and thigh-high ... The use of elastic compression stockings can reduce volumetric variations during standing hours. Compression stockings are ...
Discover the benefits of compression stockings and how to choose the right ones for you. Find the perfect pair for your ... Compression Stockings FAQs. Is there a downside to wearing compression socks?. Compression stockings are generally safe but can ... How to Wear Compression Stockings. To get the most out of your compression stockings, you need to be sure youre wearing them ... How to Pick Compression Stockings. If its your first time trying compression socks or stockings, its best to talk to you ...
Thigh-high compression stockings often slipped down the patients leg to the knee. If the stockings werent comfortable or ... When it comes to compression stockings, less can be more.. Thats what Cristina Zita and her team found this past year when ... "So often, we would see a patient with compression stockings that had rolled down and produced a tourniquet effect or that had ... After a year of research and working through the operational and policy channels, knee-high compression stockings now are the ...
... and haemodynamic control in 15 healthy volunteers wearing graded calf compression stockings compared to two placebo stockings ... The efficacy of compression stockings was related to anthropometric parameters, and could be predicted by a model based on the ... There were no significant differences in OT between compression stocking (26.0±2.3 min) and calf (29.3±2.4 min) or ankle (27.6± ... As such, a common approach to the management of syncope is the use of compression stockings. However, research confirming their ...
Juzo Hook Fasteners are used to secure the straps of the Juzo Compression Wrap and Foot Wrap. Fasteners are included with each ... Juzo Hook Fasteners are used to secure the straps of the Juzo Compression Wrap and Foot Wrap. Fasteners are included with each ... Juzo Hook Fasteners are used to secure the straps of the Juzo Compression Wrap and Foot Wrap. Fasteners are included with each ...
Compression stockings and armsleeves for travel, lymphedema, varicose veins, edema, and more! ... compression hosiery, and compression socks by Jobst, Mediven, Juzo, Sigvaris, Allegro, and Therafirm. Free shipping on ... Compression Guide Compression garments use graduated compression to promote healthy circulation. Find the level that is right ... We Make Compression Comfortableâ„¢ Since 1999, BrightLife Direct has specialized in providing medical compression garments for ...
Knee HighCalf SleevesThigh HighTights & LeggingsPantyhoseCompression WrapsUpper Extremity ... COMPRESSION 8-15 mmHg15-20 mmhg20-30 mmHg30-40 mmhg40-50 mmhg50-60 mmhg ...
The Juzo Move Compression stockings feature a patented slide knit tech for easier on/off & enhanced wearing comfort. Ideal for ... Signature CollectionCompression StockingsCompression SocksStockings for Lymphedema. Lipedema ProductsArm Sleeves for Lymphedema ... Compression Therapy. Compression Therapy. Why Compression TherapyLooking for Leg SupportFlat Knit vs Circular Knit ... Juzo Move compression stockings slide on easily--designed with patented Slide Knit technology, and instep functional zone and ...
Relief economical compression stockings provide graduated compression that work with your budget. The knee high length and open ... Relief economical compression stockings provide graduated compression that work with your budget. The knee high length and open ... 8-15 mmHg compression is the perfect mild compression level to improve circulation and keep your legs feeling great throughout ... 8-15 mmHg compression is the perfect mild compression level to improve circulation and keep your legs feeling great throughout ...
Make a fashion statement with our Signature Collection medical compression garments. Express yourself with fashionable seasonal ... Signature CollectionCompression StockingsCompression SocksStockings for Lymphedema. Lipedema ProductsArm Sleeves for Lymphedema ... Compression Therapy. Compression Therapy. Why Compression TherapyLooking for Leg SupportFlat Knit vs Circular Knit ... When you have to wear a compression garment every day, make it a positive statement about your life and health- with color, ...
We offer a full line of gradient compression hosiery to fit a variety of needs, from preventing sport-related fatigue to ... Gradient compression stockings have a higher compression around the foot and ankle, which gradually decreases as the stocking ... Medical grade compression stockings (above 20mmHg) are for individuals who require compression due to a medical condition that ... Our Therafirm Core-spun stockings are softer than typical compression stockings, with the added benefit of extra stretch. ...
Solidea Active Massage Compression Mens Leggings 12-15 mmHg. Sale price $115 ... Solidea Active Massage Compression Knee High 12-15 mmHg. Sale price $68 ... Knee HighCalf SleevesThigh HighTights & LeggingsPantyhoseCompression WrapsUpper Extremity ... COMPRESSION 8-15 mmHg15-20 mmhg20-30 mmHg30-40 mmhg40-50 mmhg50-60 mmhg ...
Compression stockings with flexible functional zones for knees, elbows, hallux, bunionette - wearing comfort for the whole day ... For effective therapy, patients should wear their compression stockings for the whole day - at work (such as in the office) and ... For greater user comfort when wearing compression stockings - for the whole day ... Integrated Y-sweeps at a fixed, defined angle lengthen the stocking in an elliptical shape on the outside of the elbow. The ...
The compression is the same for both. Compression stockings. Compression stockings are, as it were, high sports stockings that ... Compression stockings and tubes - whats the difference?. What is the difference between a tube and the normal compression ... The compression stockings go even further.They not only have the same properties as the sports sock in terms of comfort, but ... Because you wear footless stockings, as it were, and there is therefore no compression effect on the foot, it is possible that ...
Absolute Supportâ„¢ Opaque Medical Compression Pantyhose - X-Firm Compression 30-40mmHg Made in the USA Sale Price $34.95 ... Absolute Supportâ„¢ Opaque Compression Pantyhose - Firm Compression 20-30mmHg Sale Price $38.45 ... Absolute Supportâ„¢ Compression Leotard Pantyhose for Men with Fly Opening - Firm Support 20-30mm Sale Price $43.95 ... Absolute Supportâ„¢ Sheer Compression Pantyhose, 8-15mmHg Light Graduated Support Sale Price $20.45 ...
Truform Unisex Below the Knee Compression Stockings w/ Silicone Band offer comfort and support to alleviate leg fatigue and ... These stockings are fashionable, light-compression stockings that are ideal for people who want to keep their legs looking and ... this classic medical style compression stocking features a silicone beaded band to keep the stocking in place all day long. ... Product Description & Benefits: Truform Unisex Below the Knee Compression Stockings w/ Silicone Band offer comfort and support ...
BrightLife has the best selection online of low price compression socks and stockings. We offer a variety knee high, thigh high ... Low Price Compression Stockings Low Price Compression Stockings The best selection online of low price compression socks and ... stockings. Choose from a variety of brands that offer knee high, thigh high and pantyhose options - Juzo, Jobst, Medi, Allegro ...
... stockings from Ames Walker. Order knee-high support hose with free shipping today! ... Reduce leg fatigue and improve circulation with knee-high compression socks & ... Crew & Ankle Compression Socks Knee High Compression Stockings Thigh High Compression Stockings Compression Pantyhose Shop ... Benefits of Knee-High Compression Socks and Stockings. Knee-high compression socks and stockings use graduated compression to ...
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Because I do not want to go through this procedure again, would it be harmful for me to wear a lower grade compression stocking ... Daily wearing of compression stockings after EVLT procedure - I have a family history of varicose veins, and recently had a ... Even when I wear a compression stocking during standing or walking, there is no relief. But if I dont wear the stocking, it ... Daily wearing of compression stockings after EVLT procedure. I have a family history of varicose veins, and recently had a EVLT ...
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These results indicate that compression stocking therapy and HCSE therapy are alternative therapies for the effective treatment ... Comparison of leg compression stocking and oral horse-chestnut seed extract therapy in patients with chronic venous ... This study was carried out to compare the efficacy (oedema reduction) and safety of compression stockings class II and dried ... Interpretation: These results indicate that compression stocking therapy and HCSE therapy are alternative therapies for the ...
Sometimes you may experience problems with the fit when wearing compression stockings. They slip, are too tight or cut into the ... Compression stockings should fit like a second skin: Their effect is created by the compression stocking exerting compression ( ... My compression stockings cause pain. What can I do to prevent the stockings from pinching? Please make sure that the stocking ... What should I do if compression stockings do not fit as expected?. It may happen that medical compression stockings are too ...
Ideal for athletes, travelers, and those with long days on their feet, our high-quality compression wear helps to improve ... Experience superior comfort and support with our range of Mens Compression Socks and Stockings. ... Absolute Supportâ„¢ Opaque Compression Stockings - Thigh Hi X-Firm Compression 30-40mmHg - Unisex Sale Price $29.95 ... Absolute Supportâ„¢ Compression Stockings for Men 20-30mmHg Firm Graduated Compression Thigh High with Grip Top Sale Price $26.95 ...
Lymphedema Products has Sigvaris compression socks & stockings that are made to last. Shop them now. ... Known for its compression socks and stockings featuring double-covered yarns for softness and comfort designed with uniquely ... SIGVARIS Compression Socks for freedom, security, & self-confidence. With more than 140 years of industry expertise, Sigvaris ... At Lymphedema Products, youll find a wide selection of your Sigvaris compression socks favorite for both men and women in a ...
Find discounted compression socks and more from our expert selection of trusted brands. ... Shop high-quality compression socks on sale from Ames Walker! ... Crew & Ankle Compression Socks Knee High Compression Stockings ... Thigh High Compression Stockings Compression Pantyhose Shop Maternity. Maternity Compression Hosiery Maternity Support Shop ... Anti-Embolism Stockings Womens Compression Socks Mens Compression Socks Active Support Socks Copper Compression Socks Arm ...
Review of the effectiveness of medical compression stockings (MCS) against various signs and symptoms, throughout pregnancy & ... Medical compression stockings reduce leg pain, heaviness and edema and thus increase the quality of life throughout the whole ... Medical compression stockings provide multiple benefits throughout pregnancy and beyond:. *Alleviation of nausea and vomiting ( ... Wearing medical compression stockings throughout pregnancy until after birth alleviates nausea and vomiting in the first and ...
The use of compression stockings reduced the legs pain and increased the quality of life of pregnant women. ... more than two third of the pregnant women accepted to wear compression stockings. ... more than two third of the pregnant women accepted to wear compression stockings. The use of compression stockings reduced the ... Therapeutic compression stockings (BSN medical, UltraSheer Maternity stockings, 15-20 mmHg) were offered to pregnant women ...
... support tights and graduated compressions stockings to prevent leg health and the bodys well-being. ...
  • 8-15 mmHg compression applies mild graduated compression for better circulation. (compressionstockings.com)
  • 8-15 mmHg compression is the perfect mild compression level to improve circulation and keep your legs feeling great throughout the day. (compressionstockings.com)
  • Firm 20-30 mmHg compression improves circulation to help prevent and relieve heavy, tired, achy or swollen legs. (compressionstockings.com)
  • Designed as a knee-high, the Petal Toss stocking delivers 15-20 mmHg compression and can help relieve symptoms of varicose and spider veins as well as aid to reduce swelling in the legs, feet, and ankles. (drcomfort.com)
  • Juzo Attractive OTC 140 Denier Thigh High 15-20 mmHg Compression Stockings are ideal for tired achy legs providing the right combination of leg support and fashion appeal. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • These stockings are fashionable, light-compression stockings that are ideal for people who want to keep their legs looking and feeling good and are interested in preventing the onset of vein-related problems that can lead to spider veins and varicose veins, tired, achy and swollen legs, and more serious venous diseases. (makemeheal.com)
  • These stockings are recommended for preventing spider veins and varicose veins, relieving mild leg/ankle pain and discomfort, and for keeping the legs fresh and energized for people who are standing and sitting for long hours. (makemeheal.com)
  • By increasing blood flow back to the heart and reducing pressure on the veins, these stockings help prevent venous symptoms and spider and varicose veins. (makemeheal.com)
  • Compression socks and hosiery provide a very easy way to keep varicose veins under control and to treat some other conditions. (promedxpress.com)
  • Preventing varicose veins is another reason for wearing these stockings. (inas-fid.org)
  • If you have varicose veins, spider veins, or have just had surgery, your doctor may prescribe compression stockings. (longevitypharmacy.ca)
  • Compression socks and stockings come in different lengths and pressures to cover different parts of your body. (webmd.com)
  • The best selection online of low price compression socks and stockings. (brightlifedirect.com)
  • No matter your needs, shop Ames Walker for the best collection of knee-high compression socks and stockings today. (ameswalker.com)
  • Knee-high compression socks and stockings use graduated compression to improve blood circulation and provide relief to those who are seeking extra support throughout the lower leg from the feet to the knees. (ameswalker.com)
  • All our discounted compression socks and stockings are non-returnable. (ameswalker.com)
  • They come in different lengths and tightness, and you can get compression sleeves, which don't have feet. (webmd.com)
  • Compression stockings and sleeves manage an on-going problem. (mmarmedical.com)
  • Properly fitting JOBST compression stockings and arm sleeves should feel snug at first. (mmarmedical.com)
  • Professional athletes will certainly be astonished at the number of alternatives there are for socks along with compression sleeves (without feet) for running or other activities. (inas-fid.org)
  • For DVT, most stockings go to just below the knee, but you can get thigh-highs and waist-length tights, too. (webmd.com)
  • Compression stockings are elastic compression garments worn around the leg, compressing the limb. (wikipedia.org)
  • Serving the greater community of people who wear medical compression garments for over 30 years. (brightlifedirect.com)
  • Since 1999 , BrightLife Direct has specialized in providing medical compression garments for men and women. (brightlifedirect.com)
  • Compression garments use graduated compression to promote healthy circulation. (brightlifedirect.com)
  • Are hane support stockings as good as compression garments on long plane trips? (healthtap.com)
  • It is important to wear your compression garments everyday. (mmarmedical.com)
  • Compression garments are easier to put on when you first get out of bed, before swelling occurs. (mmarmedical.com)
  • Essentially, compression stockings and garments help improve your blood flow. (skinandvein.com)
  • Compression stocks are special, snug fitting garments that gently squeeze your leg. (skinandvein.com)
  • Your stockings/garments should feel snug, but not tight enough to cause pain. (skinandvein.com)
  • Knee-high compression stockings are used not only to help increase circulation, but also to help prevent the formation of blood clots in the lower legs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compression stockings are specially made, snug-fitting, stretchy socks that gently squeeze your leg to promote circulation. (webmd.com)
  • This pair includes mild 8-15 mmHg graduated compression to help improve circulation for better leg health. (compressionstockings.com)
  • Many diabetic patients are often prescribed compression stockings to prevent leg ulcers from poor circulation. (bridgepointchiro.com)
  • The compression stockings go even further.They not only have the same properties as the sports sock in terms of comfort, but also ensure good blood circulation while running. (abcmoney.co.uk)
  • The stocking supports and compresses veins, which helps get your blood moving up the legs and back to the heart for better blood circulation. (makemeheal.com)
  • Wearing compresion stockings is also a common solution to poor circulation and leg fatigue. (discountsurgical.com)
  • These stockings utilize graduated Compression to facilitate better circulation. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Athletes such as runners use compression stockings to boost blood circulation to muscles for improved performance. (inas-fid.org)
  • These stockings will help blood circulation, reduce swelling and keeps legs looking and feeling younger and healthier. (uktights.com)
  • Juzo Hook Fasteners are used to secure the straps of the Juzo Compression Wrap and Foot Wrap. (compressionstockings.com)
  • Juzo Move compression stockings slide on easily--designed with patented Slide Knit technology, and instep functional zone and larger heel. (juzousa.com)
  • Juzo Move stockings comfortably deliver medical compression all day. (juzousa.com)
  • Juzo has been making compression stockings since 1912. (foryourlegs.com)
  • When to use Juzo Attractive OTC Sheer Compression Stockings? (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Pharmacological (warfarin, unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin) and mechanical measures (graded compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression devices, and venous foot pumps) are used to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in clinical practice. (wikipedia.org)
  • we suggest pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis or mechanical prophylaxis (elastic stockings or intermittent pneumatic compression) in those with contraindications to anticoagulants while in hospital following delivery rather than no prophylaxis" (statements are based on ACCP VTE prevention in nonorthopedic surgical patients guidelines). (bvsalud.org)
  • Thrombo-embolic deterrent (TED) hose or anti-embolism stockings. (webmd.com)
  • Anti-embolism stockings help to reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Anti-embolism stockings are designed for use after surgery when you are on bed rest. (skinandvein.com)
  • The use of elastic compression stockings can reduce volumetric variations during standing hours. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many physicians and vein specialists recommend wearing compression stockings after varicose vein stripping, but studies show that wearing an elastic compression stocking has no additional benefit after the application of elastic bandaging for three days in post-operative care following the stripping of the great saphenous vein as assessed by control of limb, edema, pain, complications and return to work. (wikipedia.org)
  • The elastic fibers of your compression garment stockings will break down with wear. (mmarmedical.com)
  • Graduated compression stockings are tightest around your ankle, and the pressure eases as the socks go up your leg. (webmd.com)
  • Gradient compression stockings have a higher compression around the foot and ankle, which gradually decreases as the stocking travels up the calf. (bridgepointchiro.com)
  • Compression stockings are, as it were, high sports stockings that tightly surround the ankle and calf. (abcmoney.co.uk)
  • In knee-high support hose, the fit is tighter at the ankle than at the knee, meaning the compression decreases as the hose run up the leg. (ameswalker.com)
  • Compression greater around the ankle and gradually lessening up the leg helps our bodies pump blood back towards the heart instead of pooling in our lower extremities. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • They are designed and manufactured with proper technical specifications to provide a specific pressure level to the ankle and graduation of Compression. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Compression socks stretch to offer a close fit around your ankle joint and leg. (inas-fid.org)
  • The compression is tighter at the ankle and decreases in intensity as it moves up the leg. (inas-fid.org)
  • Graduated stockings are tighter around your ankle area, with the pressure getting looser as they rise up your leg. (skinandvein.com)
  • Stockings should feel snug, but not painfully tight. (webmd.com)
  • Compression stockings are safe for most people to wear. (webmd.com)
  • Compression socks can help your body in many ways when you wear them correctly. (webmd.com)
  • Whether you wear compression daily for medical reasons or occasionally for travel and general wellness, you are sure to find what you need with BrightLife Direct. (brightlifedirect.com)
  • When you have to wear a compression garment every day, make it a positive statement about your life and health- with color, vitality, openness and excitement. (juzousa.com)
  • For effective therapy, patients should wear their compression stockings for the whole day - at work (such as in the office) and outside of work. (medi.de)
  • Because you wear footless stockings, as it were, and there is therefore no compression effect on the foot, it is possible that moisture will be retained in the foot after running. (abcmoney.co.uk)
  • To lengthen the life of your garment, it is recommended to wear specialized compression stocking rubber or vinyl gloves to prevent fingernails from damaging the fabric or avoid pressing your fingernails into the stitching. (makemeheal.com)
  • High-quality and practical, Ames Walker knee-high compression stockings are an excellent choice for everyday essential wear. (ameswalker.com)
  • Because I do not want to go through this procedure again, would it be harmful for me to wear a lower grade compression stocking now, for the rest of my life? (veindirectory.org)
  • I usually have people wear 15-20 mmHg knee high stocking for comfort (i.e. (veindirectory.org)
  • The rates of pregnant women with functional symptoms of venous insufficiency who accepted or refused to wear therapeutic compression stockings were evaluated and compared in relation to their clinical evolution and their compliance levels. (nih.gov)
  • 30.6% (N.=30) of the women refused to wear compression stockings (Wr), 69.4% accepted 10.6% were not compliant to a daily wear (Wanc) and 58.8% wore them every day (Wac). (nih.gov)
  • In daily practice, more than two third of the pregnant women accepted to wear compression stockings. (nih.gov)
  • Engineered with innovative technology and high-quality material, our compression wear products combine function, fashion, and comfort to aid in preventative and therapeutic support. (drcomfort.com)
  • Could i wear compression stockings to bed? (healthtap.com)
  • Should I wear compression stockings at night? (healthtap.com)
  • The first few times you wear your compression garment you will notice the squeeze. (mmarmedical.com)
  • Failure to wear your stockings or lymphedema garment may cause your condition to become more severe. (mmarmedical.com)
  • If you are instructed to wear compression stockings for medical reasons, you doctor will select the correct ones for you, as well as measure your legs for a proper fit. (skinandvein.com)
  • You wear compression stockings to improve blood flow in your legs. (longevitypharmacy.ca)
  • Wear your compression stockings all day. (longevitypharmacy.ca)
  • Compression stockings are beneficial in reducing symptomless deep vein thrombosis among airline passengers flying for 7 hours or more. (wikipedia.org)
  • Twenty randomized controlled trials analyzed the effectiveness of graduated compression stockings alone or with other additional prophylaxis in prevention of deep vein thrombosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • They concluded that graduated compression stockings are effective in deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in patients who have undergone general and orthopedic surgery. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some clinical conditions such as DVT (deep vein thrombosis) and edema might call for higher compression strengths and your doctor will let you know what degree is recommended for your problem. (inas-fid.org)
  • In an analysis of nearly 1,000 studies, researchers found that some athletes wearing below-the-knee compression stockings did actually perform better, but only in a few of the studies. (webmd.com)
  • We need more research to see if wearing compression socks can make any difference for weekend warriors, too. (webmd.com)
  • If the stockings weren't comfortable or didn't fit properly, patients weren't wearing them. (mdanderson.org)
  • She and her colleagues knew that if patients weren't wearing the compression stockings, they were at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), a potentially life-threatening circulatory condition common to cancer patients. (mdanderson.org)
  • By wearing the stockings, acidification in the muscles will occur less quickly. (abcmoney.co.uk)
  • You don't have to have leg problems to start wearing the Truform Unisex Below the Knee Compression Stockings w/ Silicone Band. (makemeheal.com)
  • Consult your physician immediately if acute leg pain or skin irritation develops while wearing stockings. (makemeheal.com)
  • Wearing compression hose will not hurt you. (veindirectory.org)
  • When wearing compression stockings, balanced skin care is also important. (medi.de)
  • Wearing medical compression stockings throughout pregnancy until after birth alleviates nausea and vomiting in the first and second trimester. (sigvaris.com)
  • What is the use in wearing a compression stocking? (healthtap.com)
  • 80% of the participants would recommend wearing medical compression stockings during pregnancy. (sigvaris.com)
  • The participants reported significantly less nausea and vomiting when wearing medical compression stockings compared to the time without. (sigvaris.com)
  • Other reported benefits of wearing medical compression stockings include fewer physical and physiological limitations as well as less leg pain and dizziness. (sigvaris.com)
  • Wearing compression stockings in early pregnancy improves not only nausea and vomiting-associated symptoms, but also QoL factors such as dizziness, leg pain and physical/physiological limitations. (sigvaris.com)
  • It is OK to begin wearing your stockings gradually. (mmarmedical.com)
  • Proper care will increase the "life" span of your stockings, but you will need to replace your stockings or sleeve at about every 3-6 months depending on how often you are wearing and how you are caring for your garment. (mmarmedical.com)
  • There are several reasons for wearing compressing stockings, including prevention of serious medical conditions, comfort, and even to achieve sports performance. (skinandvein.com)
  • At the Skin and Vein Center, we understand the importance of wearing compression stockings, especially for those who may be experiencing vein issues. (skinandvein.com)
  • Truform Unisex Below the Knee Compression Stockings w/ Silicone Band offer comfort and support to alleviate leg fatigue and mild swelling associated with periods of prolonged, occupation-related standing or sitting. (makemeheal.com)
  • Blending together nylon and spandex for durability and comfort, the Microfiber Opaque +Plus 30-40 Thigh High delivers extra firm compression to manage advanced symptoms above and below the knee. (drcomfort.com)
  • Knee length stockings should come to 2 fingers below the knee bend. (longevitypharmacy.ca)
  • If you have travelers who have multiple risk factors, you can also prescribe properly fitted, below-the-knee, graduated compression stockings for use during long-distance travel. (medscape.com)
  • These stockings are worn on the legs from the arch of the foot to just above or below the knee. (medlineplus.gov)
  • id":7206259327157,"title":"JOBST® Relief Knee High 20-30 mmHg, Open Toe","handle":"jobst-relief-knee-high-20-30-ot","description":"\u003cp\u003eJOBST® Relief offers graduated compression to improve leg health and help treat common leg and vein symptoms. (compressionstockings.com)
  • This One-Pager reviews the effectiveness of medical compression stockings (MCS) against various signs and symptoms, throughout pregnancy & beyond. (sigvaris.com)
  • This One-Pager reviews the effect of compression stockings on the symptoms nausea and vomiting in the early stage of pregnancy. (sigvaris.com)
  • The aim of this study ( 1 ) was to evaluate the effect of medical compression stockings (MCS) on symptoms of nausea, vomiting and dizziness between 8 and 16 weeks of pregnancy, and their impact on QoL factors. (sigvaris.com)
  • Compression stockings could be a non-pharmaceutical instrument to alleviate nausea and vomiting symptoms during early pregnancy. (sigvaris.com)
  • When you remove your compression garment the condition responsible for your symptoms is still there. (mmarmedical.com)
  • Use of compression stockings after DVT decreases risk. (msdmanuals.com)
  • id":7185541234869,"title":"JOBST® UltraSheer Women's Knee High 8-15 mmHg","handle":"jobst-ultrasheer-womens-knee-high-8-15","description":"\u003cp\u003eJOBST® UltraSheer Knee Highs combine medical graduated compression benefits with a sheer and stylish look. (compressionstockings.com)
  • DME-Direct carries one of the largest selections of stockings from the top physician-recommended brands like Jobst, Mediven, Bauerfeind, Activa, and more. (dme-direct.com)
  • Check your stockings periodically to smooth out any wrinkles as the fabric may move during the day. (mmarmedical.com)
  • After the top of the stocking is in place, smooth out any wrinkles. (longevitypharmacy.ca)
  • Find comfort for the everyday man in Discount Surgical's array of men's compression socks. (discountsurgical.com)
  • At Ames Walker, we offer the best selection of knee-high compression socks and compression support hose at great prices. (ameswalker.com)
  • Other beneficial effects of medical compression stockings include decreased reflux time and peaking reflux velocity in the great/small saphenous veins as well as reducing the diameters of the great/small saphenous vein. (sigvaris.com)
  • Compression stockings (Flight Socks, Support Bandage) are a specialized hosiery designed to help prevent the occurrence of, and guard against further progression of, venous disorders such as edema, phlebitis and thrombosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compression stockings are recommended under the following conditions: Edema is a condition where the opposing forces that occur in the small blood vessels and capillaries cause a net ultrafiltration of plasma water into the soft tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • We offer a full line of gradient compression hosiery to fit a variety of needs, from preventing sport-related fatigue to managing diabetes-related leg edema. (bridgepointchiro.com)
  • Medical grade compression stockings (above 20mmHg) are for individuals who require compression due to a medical condition that results in chronic leg edema. (bridgepointchiro.com)
  • Compression socks are designed to relieve common symtoms associated with lymphedema, edema and DVT. (discountsurgical.com)
  • Medical compression stockings reduce leg pain, heaviness and edema and thus increase the quality of life throughout the whole pregnancy. (sigvaris.com)
  • These stockings help in the treatment of chronic venous disease and edema. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Our mens compression stockings 30-40mmHg provide medical compression suitable for treating varicosities, severe edema, chronic venous insufficiency, orthostatic hypotension, managing and preventing the recurrence of venous ulcerations, and post surgical use. (dme-direct.com)
  • Compression stockings are tightest at the ankles and gradually become less constrictive toward the knees and thighs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mild compression, with lower numbers, is usually enough to keep you comfortable on your feet at work. (webmd.com)
  • Mild compression is usually enough to keep you comfortable if you stand for long periods. (skinandvein.com)
  • Our knee-high compression hose are sheer, opaque, semi-sheer, or somewhere in between. (ameswalker.com)
  • Women's lightweight sheer compression stocking with a subtle petal flower design. (drcomfort.com)
  • The Dr. Comfort® Everyday Style Petal Toss is a women's lightweight sheer compression stocking with a subtle petal flower pattern. (drcomfort.com)
  • 140 denier sheer stockings , great for all around the year and complementing wardrobe. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Now women with wider calves can enjoy the sheer appearance of knee highs without sacrificing medically correct graduated compression. (supportplus.com)
  • These results indicate that compression stocking therapy and HCSE therapy are alternative therapies for the effective treatment of patients with oedema resulting from chronic venous insufficiency. (nih.gov)
  • Featuring a smooth, opaque fabric that complements a wide range of wardrobe choices including business, casual or leisure attire, this classic medical style compression stocking features a silicone beaded band to keep the stocking in place all day long. (makemeheal.com)
  • Absolute Supportâ„¢ Opaque Compression Knee High - 40-50mmHg Graduated Medical Compression. (discountsurgical.com)
  • Varin" Durable and versatile, these opaque compression stockings feature a seamless knit. (surefitlab.com)
  • The pressure that the stockings exert on the foot and the entire lower leg gives many advantages in running, but also in other sports. (abcmoney.co.uk)
  • Most often, people used anti-embolism stocking and graduated compression stocking interchangeably as both the stockings exert graduated Compression, but they have different levels of Compression and indications. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Graduated compression stockings can effectively prevent VTE in hospitalized patients by applying different pressure to the leg. (wikipedia.org)
  • But compression stockings aren't just to prevent blood clots and reduce swelling. (webmd.com)
  • Mary Cline, advanced practice nurse (left), and Cristina Zita, clinical nurse, measures a patient's leg to ensure she gets the proper compression stocking to prevent venous thromboembolisms. (mdanderson.org)
  • What can I do to prevent the stockings from pinching? (medi.de)
  • This value set contains concepts that represent graduated compression stocking devices that are used to prevent VTEs in patients. (healthit.gov)
  • The aid is made of steel with a smooth plastic coating to prevent the stocking snagging. (otstores.co.uk)
  • In the case of flat knit stockings for oedema therapy, additions such as Y-sweeping, elliptical shape or oblique borders may be incorporated for improved user comfort. (medi.de)
  • There are different types of compression socks on the market. (abcmoney.co.uk)
  • This garment is available in 20-30 and 30-40mmHg compression level. (makemeheal.com)
  • A unisex medical support thigh high that provides extra firm compression. (drcomfort.com)
  • Integrated Y-sweeps at a fixed, defined angle lengthen the stocking in an elliptical shape on the outside of the elbow. (medi.de)
  • Compression stockings, also known as compression socks, are specially made socks that fit tighter than normal so they gently squeeze your legs. (webmd.com)
  • For open-toe stockings, use a special gadget to slide the stocking over your foot. (longevitypharmacy.ca)
  • After a year of research and working through the operational and policy channels, knee-high compression stockings now are the standard of care for MD Anderson's non-surgical adult patients in the hospital. (mdanderson.org)
  • Find relief from everyday fatigue and reduce swelling with a wide variety of fashion-forward knee-high compression stockings and socks. (ameswalker.com)
  • Browse our selection of knee-high compression hose to find the perfect pair for you, and receive free shipping on all orders! (ameswalker.com)
  • The group recommended early this year that the primary choice for the compression hose on the VTE institutional order set be knee-high length. (mdanderson.org)
  • When choosing the proper compression stockings, it is important to understand what they actually do, as well as which type will be best suited for your individual circumstance. (skinandvein.com)
  • Most of the research found that compression stockings just helped athletes recover faster right after they exercised. (webmd.com)
  • Athletes who keep their compression stockings on for a few hours after running experience a better recovery and significantly less muscle soreness the next day. (abcmoney.co.uk)
  • For a lot of professional athletes and also employees that get on their feet, you will have the ability to find trendy and also cute compression socks that will cheer up your workday wardrobe. (inas-fid.org)
  • That's what Cristina Zita and her team found this past year when they questioned and researched the use of thigh-high compression stockings over the more comfortable and cost-effective knee-highs. (mdanderson.org)
  • Zita and her team started the project last year after making simple observations in her unit: Thigh-high compression stockings often slipped down the patient's leg to the knee. (mdanderson.org)
  • factor 12 support compression they are the ultimate in firm support. (uktights.com)
  • With factor 12 support compression they are the ultimate in firm support. (uktights.com)
  • From knee-highs to pantyhose to simple athletic socks, compression socks and hosiery is affordable and effective for therapy. (promedxpress.com)
  • If you need the stockings for medical reasons, your doctor will measure your legs and prescribe the right ones for you. (webmd.com)
  • Gently pull stocking over your toes, instep and heel. (drcomfort.com)
  • You can additionally discover compression socks with open toes and nontransparent materials that can hide marks, skin imperfections, blood vessels as well as other leg skin blemishes. (inas-fid.org)
  • Simply stretch the stocking over the column, insert toes, and pull up with a continuous motion. (otstores.co.uk)