Sterols. Medical search

Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of cholestane. Additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain. (IUPAC Steroid Nomenclature, 1987)

An NADPH-dependent P450 enzyme that plays an essential role in the sterol biosynthetic pathway by catalyzing the demethylation of 14-methyl sterols such as lanosterol. The enzyme acts via the repeated hydroxylation of the 14-methyl group, resulting in its stepwise conversion into an alcohol, an aldehyde and then a carboxylate, which is removed as formic acid. Sterol 14-demethylase is an unusual cytochrome P450 enzyme in that it is found in a broad variety of organisms including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and protozoa.

A class of organic compounds known as STEROLS or STEROIDS derived from plants.

A sterol regulatory element binding protein that regulates expression of GENES involved in FATTY ACIDS metabolism and LIPOGENESIS. Two major isoforms of the protein exist due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

A steroid of interest both because its biosynthesis in FUNGI is a target of ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS, notably AZOLES, and because when it is present in SKIN of animals, ULTRAVIOLET RAYS break a bond to result in ERGOCALCIFEROL.

A sterol regulatory element binding protein that regulates GENES involved in CHOLESTEROL synthesis and uptake.

Cholestadiene derivatives containing a hydroxy group anywhere in the molecule.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

A triterpene that derives from the chair-boat-chair-boat folding of 2,3-oxidosqualene. It is metabolized to CHOLESTEROL and CUCURBITACINS.

An intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol.

Steroids with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a branched 8-carbon chain at C-17. Members include compounds with any degree of unsaturation; however, CHOLESTADIENES is available for derivatives containing two double bonds.

Sterol regulatory element binding proteins are basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors that bind the sterol regulatory element TCACNCCAC. They are synthesized as precursors that are threaded into the MEMBRANES of the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

Cholesterol derivatives having an additional double bond in any position. 24-Dehydrocholesterol is DESMOSTEROL. The other most prevalent dehydrocholesterol is the 7-isomer. This compound is a precursor of cholesterol and of vitamin D3.

Derivatives of the saturated steroid cholestane with methyl groups at C-18 and C-19 and an iso-octyl side chain at C-17.

An NAPH-dependent cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates such as the 27-hydroxylation of 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol.

Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.

Cholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group in any position.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters by the direct transfer of the fatty acid group from a fatty acyl CoA derivative. This enzyme has been found in the adrenal gland, gonads, liver, intestinal mucosa, and aorta of many mammalian species. EC 2.3.1.26.

A class of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to bind the DNA sequence CCAAT. The typical CCAAT-enhancer binding protein forms dimers and consists of an activation domain, a DNA-binding basic region, and a leucine-rich dimerization domain (LEUCINE ZIPPERS). CCAAT-BINDING FACTOR is structurally distinct type of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein consisting of a trimer of three different subunits.

Enzymes that catalyze the transposition of double bond(s) in a steroid molecule. EC 5.3.3.

An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder due to mutation of the gene CYP27A1 encoding a CHOLESTANETRIOL 26-MONOOXYGENASE. It is characterized by large deposits of CHOLESTEROL and CHOLESTANOL in various tissues resulting in xanthomatous swelling of tendons, early CATARACT, and progressive neurological symptoms.

An autosomal recessive disorder of CHOLESTEROL metabolism. It is caused by a deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the enzyme that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, leading to an abnormally low plasma cholesterol. This syndrome is characterized by multiple CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES, growth deficiency, and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY.

Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.

Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

An anticholesteremic agent that inhibits sterol biosynthesis in animals.

CHOLESTENES with one or more double bonds and substituted by any number of keto groups.

A condition marked by the development of widespread xanthomas, yellow tumor-like structures filled with lipid deposits. Xanthomas can be found in a variety of tissues including the SKIN; TENDONS; joints of KNEES and ELBOWS. Xanthomatosis is associated with disturbance of LIPID METABOLISM and formation of FOAM CELLS.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom.

Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES) that are important in steroid biosynthesis and metabolism.

The first committed enzyme of the biosynthesis pathway that leads to the production of STEROLS. it catalyzes the synthesis of SQUALENE from farnesyl pyrophosphate via the intermediate PRESQUALENE PYROPHOSPHATE. This enzyme is also a critical branch point enzyme in the biosynthesis of ISOPRENOIDS that is thought to regulate the flux of isoprene intermediates through the sterol pathway.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on carbon-carbon bonds. This enzyme group includes all the enzymes that introduce double bonds into substrates by direct dehydrogenation of carbon-carbon single bonds.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA from acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA. This is a key enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.5.

A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.

The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes.

A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.

Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.

A family of MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that require ATP hydrolysis for the transport of substrates across membranes. The protein family derives its name from the ATP-binding domain found on the protein.

Substances used to lower plasma CHOLESTEROL levels.

Errors in the metabolism of LIPIDS resulting from inborn genetic MUTATIONS that are heritable.

A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.

Cholesterol present in food, especially in animal products.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

Cholestanes substituted in any position with one or more hydroxy groups. They are found in feces and bile. In contrast to bile acids and salts, they are not reabsorbed.

Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Compounds that specifically inhibit STEROL 14-DEMETHYLASE. A variety of azole-derived ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS act through this mechanism.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.

Cholesterol substituted in any position by a keto moiety. The 7-keto isomer inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and inhibits cholesterol uptake in the coronary arteries and aorta in vitro.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and some other sterol esters, to liberate cholesterol plus a fatty acid anion.

Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.

A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Receptors on the plasma membrane of nonhepatic cells that specifically bind LDL. The receptors are localized in specialized regions called coated pits. Hypercholesteremia is caused by an allelic genetic defect of three types: 1, receptors do not bind to LDL; 2, there is reduced binding of LDL; and 3, there is normal binding but no internalization of LDL. In consequence, entry of cholesterol esters into the cell is impaired and the intracellular feedback by cholesterol on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase is lacking.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.

Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of ACETYL COA. Some enzymes called thiolase or thiolase-I have referred to this activity or to the activity of ACETYL-COA C-ACYLTRANSFERASE.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

A liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 12-alpha-hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of sterols in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP8B1gene, converts 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one to 7-alpha-12-alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and is required in the synthesis of BILE ACIDS from cholesterol.

A critical role for cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) as a Co-activator in sterol-regulated transcription of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase promoter. (1/1766)

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase, a key regulatory enzyme in the pathway for endogenous cholesterol synthesis, is a target for negative feedback regulation by cholesterol. When cellular sterol levels are low, the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are released from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, allowing them to translocate to the nucleus and activate SREBP target genes. However, in all SREBP-regulated promoters studied to date, additional co-regulatory transcription factors are required for sterol-regulated activation of transcription. We have previously shown that, in addition to SREBPs, NF-Y/CBF is required for sterol-regulated transcription of HMG-CoA synthase. This heterotrimeric transcription factor has recently been shown to function as a co-regulator in several other SREBP-regulated promoters, as well. In addition to cis-acting sites for both SREBP and NF-Y/CBF, the sterol regulatory region of the synthase promoter also contains a consensus cAMP response element (CRE), an element that binds members of the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors. Here, we show that this consensus CRE is essential for sterol-regulated transcription of the synthase promoter. Using in vitro binding assays, we also demonstrate that CREB binds to this CRE, and mutations within the CRE that result in a loss of CREB binding also result in a loss of sterol-regulated transcription. We further show that efficient activation of the synthase promoter in Drosophila SL2 cells requires the simultaneous expression of all three factors: SREBPs, NF-Y/CBF, and CREB. To date this is the first promoter shown to require CREB for efficient sterol-regulated transcription, and to require two different co-regulatory factors in addition to SREBPs for maximal activation. (+info)

Comparison of synthetic saponin cholesterol absorption inhibitors in rabbits: evidence for a non-stoichiometric, intestinal mechanism of action. (2/1766)

The hypocholesterolemic activities of pamaqueside and tiqueside, two structurally similar saponins, were evaluated in cholesterol-fed rabbits. The pharmacological profiles of the saponins were virtually identical: both dose-dependently decreased the intestinal absorption of labeled cholesterol 25-75%, increased fecal neutral sterol excretion up to 2.5-fold, and decreased hepatic cholesterol content 10-55%. High doses of pamaqueside (>5 mg/kg) or tiqueside (>125 mg/kg) completely prevented hypercholesterolemia. Decreases in plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels were strongly correlated with increased neutral sterol excretion. Ratios of neutral sterol excreted to pamaqueside administered were greater than 1:1 at all doses, in opposition to the formation of a stoichiometric complex previously suggested for tiqueside and other saponins. Ratios in tiqueside-treated rabbits were less than unity, a reflection of its lower potency. Pamaqueside-treated rabbits exhibited a more rapid decline in plasma cholesterol concentrations than control animals fed a cholesterol-free diet, indicating that the compound also inhibited the absorption of biliary cholesterol. Intravenous administration of pamaqueside had no effect on plasma cholesterol levels despite plasma levels twice those observed in rabbits given pamaqueside orally. These data indicate that pamaqueside and tiqueside induce hypocholesterolemia by blocking lumenal cholesterol absorption via a mechanism that apparently differs from the stoichiometric complexation of cholesterol hypothesized for other saponins. (+info)

High-affinity binding of very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters to the peroxisomal non-specific lipid-transfer protein (sterol carrier protein-2). (3/1766)

Binding of fluorescent fatty acids to bovine liver non-specific lipid-transfer protein (nsL-TP) was assessed by measuring fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the single tryptophan residue of nsL-TP and the fluorophore. Upon addition of pyrene dodecanoic acid (Pyr-C12) and cis-parinaric acid to nsL-TP, FRET was observed indicating that these fatty acids were accommodated in the lipid binding site closely positioned to the tryptophan residue. Substantial binding was observed only when these fatty acids were presented in the monomeric form complexed to beta-cyclodextrin. As shown by time-resolved fluorescence measurements, translocation of Pyr-C12 from the Pyr-C12-beta-cyclodextrin complex to nsL-TP changed dramatically the direct molecular environment of the pyrene moiety: i.e. the fluorescence lifetime of the directly excited pyrene increased at least by 25% and a distinct rotational correlation time of 7 ns was observed. In order to evaluate the affinity of nsL-TP for intermediates of the beta-oxidation pathway, a binding assay was developed based on the ability of fatty acyl derivatives to displace Pyr-C12 from the lipid binding site as reflected by the reduction of FRET. Hexadecanoyl-CoA and 2-hexadecenoyl-CoA were found to bind readily to nsL-TP, whereas 3-hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA and 3-ketohexadecanoyl-CoA bound poorly. The highest affinities were observed for the very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters (24:0-CoA, 26:0-CoA) and their enoyl derivatives (24:1-CoA, 26:1-CoA). Binding of non-esterified hexadecanoic acid and tetracosanoic acid (24:0) was negligible. (+info)

Serum sterols during stanol ester feeding in a mildly hypercholesterolemic population. (4/1766)

We investigated the changes of cholesterol and non-cholesterol sterol metabolism during plant stanol ester margarine feeding in 153 hypercholesterolemic subjects. Rapeseed oil (canola oil) margarine without (n = 51) and with (n = 102) stanol (2 or 3 g/day) ester was used for 1 year. Serum sterols were analyzed with gas-liquid chromatography. The latter showed a small increase in sitostanol peak during stanol ester margarine eating. Cholestanol, campesterol, and sitosterol proportions to cholesterol were significantly reduced by 5-39% (P < 0.05 or less for all) by stanol esters; the higher their baseline proportions the higher were their reductions. The precursor sterol proportions were significantly increased by 10- 46%, and their high baseline levels predicted low reduction of serum cholesterol. The decrease of the scheduled stanol dose from 3 to 2 g/day after 6-month feeding increased serum cholesterol by 5% (P < 0. 001) and serum plant sterol proportions by 8-13% (P < 0.001), but had no consistent effect on precursor sterols. In twelve subjects, the 12-month level of LDL cholesterol exceeded that of baseline; the non-cholesterol sterol proportions suggested that stimulated synthesis with relatively weak absorption inhibition contributed to the non-responsiveness of these subjects. In conclusion, plant stanol ester feeding lowers serum cholesterol in about 88% of subjects, decreases the non-cholesterol sterols that reflect cholesterol absorption, increases the sterols that reflect cholesterol synthesis, but also slightly increases serum plant stanols. Low synthesis and high absorption efficiency of cholesterol results in the greatest benefit from stanol ester consumption. (+info)

Characterization of phosphomevalonate kinase: chromosomal localization, regulation, and subcellular targeting. (5/1766)

Phosphomevalonate kinase catalyzes the conversion of mevalonate-5-phosphate to mevalonate-5-diphosphate and was originally believed to be a cytosolic enzyme. In this study we have localized the phosphomevalonate kinase gene to chromosome 1p13-1q22-23 and present a genomic map indicating that the gene spans more than 8.4 kb in the human genome. Furthermore, we show that message levels and enzyme activity of rat liver phosphomevalonate kinase are regulated in response to dietary sterol levels and that this regulation is coordinate with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. In addition, we demonstrate that phosphomevalonate kinase is a peroxisomal protein which requires the C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal, Ser-Arg-Leu, for localization to the organelle. (+info)

Association of sterol- and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins with Drosophila raft lipid microdomains. (6/1766)

In vertebrates, the formation of raft lipid microdomains plays an important part in both polarized protein sorting and signal transduction. To establish a system in which raft-dependent processes could be studied genetically, we have analyzed the protein and lipid composition of these microdomains in Drosophila melanogaster. Using mass spectrometry, we identified the phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols present in Drosophila membranes. Despite chemical differences between Drosophila and mammalian lipids, their structure suggests that the biophysical properties that allow raft formation have been preserved. Consistent with this, we have identified a detergent-insoluble fraction of Drosophila membranes that, like mammalian rafts, is rich in sterol, sphingolipids, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins. We show that the sterol-linked Hedgehog N-terminal fragment associates specifically with this detergent-insoluble membrane fraction. Our findings demonstrate that raft formation is preserved across widely separated phyla in organisms with different lipid structures. They further suggest sterol modification as a novel mechanism for targeting proteins to raft membranes and raise the possibility that signaling and polarized intracellular transport of Hedgehog are based on raft association. (+info)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia impair lipoprotein metabolism in chronic hemodialysis patients. (7/1766)

Patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing chronic hemodialysis treatment have the worst outcome on dialysis due to an increased rate of cardiovascular complications. Nearly all patients present with dyslipidemia, a prominent vascular risk factor, probably responsible for the high rate of vascular injury. Since both uremia and diabetes predispose to hypertriglyceridemia, the present study was conducted to investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus and/or hypertriglyceridemia on lipoprotein metabolism in hemodialysis patients. LDL was isolated and characterized from hyper- and normotriglyceridemic diabetic and nondiabetic hemodialysis patients (n = 40; 10 in each group); also, LDL-receptor-dependent uptake and intracellular cholesterol metabolism were studied in HepG2 cells. In addition, scavenger-receptor-mediated uptake was examined in mouse peritoneal macrophages. LDL isolated from nondiabetic normotriglyceridemic hemodialysis patients exhibited impaired cellular uptake via the LDL receptor. Additionally, intracellular sterol synthesis was less inhibited and cholesterol esterification was reduced compared with LDL from healthy control subjects. Reduction of catabolic capacities was more marked in hemodialysis patients who were either diabetic or hypertriglyceridemic and even more pronounced in patients presenting with a combination of both diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. Hypertriglyceridemic and diabetic patients showed reduced lipase activity and increased LDL oxidation. Furthermore, they accumulated a fraction of small, dense LDL, and LDL was predominantly taken up via the scavenger-receptor pathway in peritoneal macrophages. This study elucidates the distinct influence of diabetes and/or hypertriglyceridemia in hemodialysis patients on cellular LDL metabolism via specific and nonspecific metabolic pathways. Furthermore, it underscores the cumulative impact of these pathologic entities on impairment of lipoprotein metabolism and increase of cardiovascular risk. (+info)

The interaction of lipodepsipeptide toxins from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae with biological and model membranes: a comparison of syringotoxin, syringomycin, and two syringopeptins. (8/1766)

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae produces two groups of cyclic lipodepsipeptides (LDPs): the nona-peptides syringomycins, syringostatins, and syringotoxin (ST), and the more complex syringopeptins composed of either 22 or 25 amino acid residues (SP22 and SP25). Both classes of peptides significantly contribute to bacterial pathogenesis and their primary target of action seems to be the plasma membrane. We studied and compared the activity of some members of these two classes of LDPs on red blood cells and on model membranes (monolayers and unilamellar vesicles). All peptides induced red blood cell hemolysis. The mechanism was apparently that of a colloid-osmotic shock caused by the formation of pores, as it could be prevented by osmoticants of adequate size. Application of the Renkin equation indicated a radius of approximately 1 nm for the lesions formed by syringopeptins SP22A and SP25A, whereas those formed by syringomycin E (SRE) had a variable, dose-dependent size ranging from 0.7 up to 1.7 nm. All tested LDPs displayed surface activity, forming peptide monolayers with average molecular areas of 1.2 nm2 (SRE), 1.5 nm2 (SP22A), and 1.3 nm2 (SP25A). They also partitioned into preformed lipid monolayers occupying molecular areas that ranged from 0.6 to 1.7 nm2 depending on the peptide and the lipid composition of the film. These LDPs formed channels in lipid vesicles as indicated by the release of an entrapped fluorescent dye (calcein). The extent of permeabilization was dependent on the concentration of the peptide and the composition of the lipid vesicles, with a preference for those containing a sterol. From the dose dependence of the permeabilization it was inferred that LDPs increased membrane permeability by forming oligomeric channels containing from four to seven monomers. On average, syringopeptin oligomers were smaller than SRE and ST oligomers. (+info)

Sterol lipids[edit]. Sterol lipids, such as cholesterol and its derivatives, are an important component of membrane lipids,[43] ... Schroepfer GJ (1981). "Sterol biosynthesis". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 50: 585-621. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181. ... In 1947, T. P. Hilditch divided lipids into "simple lipids", with greases and waxes (true waxes, sterols, alcohols), and " ... The major dietary lipids for humans and other animals are animal and plant triglycerides, sterols, and membrane phospholipids. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid

... s (SREBPs) are transcription factors that bind to the sterol regulatory element DNA ... Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1. X-ray crystallography of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1A ... Sterols in turn inhibit the cleavage of SREBPs and therefore synthesis of additional sterols is reduced through a negative feed ... When sterol levels are low, INSIG and SCAP no longer bind. Then, SCAP undergoes a conformational change that exposes a portion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SREBP

"2950 Diosgenin". Retrieved 2007-05-29.[permanent dead link] Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diosgenin

Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The Preparation of Trillin and its Conversion to Progesterone". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)

Sterols are forms of steroids with a hydroxy group at position three and a skeleton derived from cholestane. Steroids can also ... For instance, sterols such as cholesterol and lanosterol have a hydroxyl group attached at position C-3, while testosterone and ... Schroepfer GJ (1981). "Sterol biosynthesis". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 50: 585-621. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181. ... ISBN 978-1-4020-9774-4. Conner AH, Nagaoka M, Rowe JW, Perlman D (August 1976). "Microbial conversion of tall oil sterols to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid

880-. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The Preparation of Trillin and its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone

The compound is used in organic chemistry as a reagent in the synthesis of many important natural products including sterols, ... John A. Hogg (1948). "Synthetic Sterols. I. Model Experiments Employing Hagemann's Ester". Journal of the American Chemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagemann

Tsai SC, Gaylor JL (1966). "Testicular sterols. V. Preparation and partial purification of a microsomal prenol pyrophosphate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenyl-diphosphatase

The compound is used in organic chemistry as a reagent in the synthesis of many natural products including sterols, trisporic ... Experiments on the synthesis of substances related to the sterols. Part II. A new general method for the synthesis of ... Hogg, John A. (1948). "Synthetic Sterols. I. Model Experiments Employing Hagemann's Ester". Journal of the American Chemical ... a key intermediate for the fungal hormone trisporic acid was made by its alkylation and it has been used to make sterols. Other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagemann's_ester

Halkes SJ, Hartog J, Morsink L, de Wachter AM (December 1972). "Investigations on sterols. 38. Synthesis of 1,2β-methylene-17α- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DU-41164

... shared similar sterol compositions. This suggested that the sterol compositions of dinoflagellates are explained by the ... It is a 4α-methyl sterol (4α,23,24-trimethyl-5α-cholest-22E-en-3β-ol), a derivative of dinosterane, rarely found in other ... This sterol and others have been considered as class-specific, being biomarkers for dinoflagellates, although dinosterol is ... doi:10.1016/0146-6380(93)90076-N. Volkman, P. Kearney, S.W. Jeffrey (1990). "A new source of 4-methyl sterols and 5[alpha](H)- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosterol

CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Marker, Russell E.; Rohrmann, Ewald (1939), "Sterols. LIII. The Structure of the Side ... Soc., 62 (9): 2525-32, doi:10.1021/ja01866a072 CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link). Marker, Russell E. (1940), "Sterols. CV ... "Sterols. LXXXI. Conversion of Sarsasapogenin to Pregnanediol-3(α),20(α)", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61 (12): 3592-93, doi:10.1021/ ... ja01267a513 CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link). Marker, Russell E.; Rohrmann, Ewald (1940), "Sterols. LXXXVIII. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marker_degradation

The predominant sterol present in the fruit bodies is ergosterol, with smaller amounts of closely related derivative compounds ... De Simone F, Senatore F, Sica D, Zollo F (1979). "Sterols from some basidiomycetes". Phytochemistry. 18 (9): 1572-73. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suillellus_luridus

... s produce characteristic lipids and sterols. One of these sterols is typical of dinoflagellates and is called ... Withers, N. Dinoflagellate sterols. In: Taylor 1987, pp. 316-359 Alldredge AL, Passow U, Haddock SH (1998). "The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinoflagellate

Lipid and sterol productionEdit. Dinoflagellates produce characteristic lipids and sterols.[77] One of these sterols is typical ... Withers, N. Dinoflagellate sterols.. In: Taylor 1987, pp. 316-359 *^ Alldredge AL, Passow U, Haddock SH (1998). "The ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrhophyta

1113-. ISBN 978-81-250-1266-5. Edward J. Parish; W. David Nes (14 January 1997). Biochemistry and Function of Sterols. CRC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen-dependent_condition

Fruit bodies of Lactarius torminosus contain a number of sterols, of which ergosterol (a component of fungal cell walls) is the ... Cerri R, de Simone F, Senatore F (1981). "Sterols from three Lactarius species". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 9 (4): ... most predominant at 60.5% of all sterols, followed by its derivatives and ergosta-5/7-dien-3-ol (17.0%), ergost-7-en-3-ol (13.7 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactarius_torminosus

... contains a mixture of sterols. The predominant sterol is ergosterol (56.6% of total sterols), with lesser ... Several sterols and pigment have been isolated and identified from the mushrooms. The fungus was first described by French ... doi:10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00257-0. Cerri R, De Simone F, Senatore F (1981). "Sterols from three Lactarius species". Biochemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactarius_sanguifluus

... (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol) is a sterol found in fungi, and named for ergot, the common name of members of the ... Ergosterol (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol) is a sterol found in cell membranes of fungi and protozoa, serving many of the same ... Lv QZ, Yan L, Jiang YY (August 2016). "The synthesis, regulation, and functions of sterols in Candida albicans: Well-known but ... Roberts CW, McLeod R, Rice DW, Ginger M, Chance ML, Goad LJ (February 2003). "Fatty acid and sterol metabolism: potential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergosterol

Steroids such as sterol are another major class of lipids. Carbohydrates are aldehydes or ketones, with many hydroxyl groups ... Schroepfer GJ (1981). "Sterol biosynthesis". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 50: 585-621. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181. ... Lanosterol can then be converted into other sterol such as cholesterol and ergosterol. Organisms vary in their ability to ... One important reaction that uses these activated isoprene donors is sterol biosynthesis. Here, the isoprene units are joined ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

liver (Sterol 27-hydroxylase or CYP27A1). *renal (25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase or CYP27B1) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-gulonolactone_oxidase

liver (Sterol 27-hydroxylase or CYP27A1). *renal (25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase or CYP27B1) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrofolate_reductase

These organisms can gain sterols through predation. However, there can be times of sterol starvation. Tetrahymanol biosynthesis ... The triterpenoids are a class of molecules found in both bacteria and eukaryotes, which largely make hopanols and sterols, ... The similarity of tetrahymanol to the other classes of triterpenoid molecules allows it to substitute for hopanols and sterols ... It is hypothesized that ciliates synthesize tetrahymanol in response to lack of oxygen and exogenous sterols. The gene for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahymanol

Parish, Edward J.; Terrence L. Boos; Shengrong Li (2002). "The Chemistry of Waxes and Sterols". In Casimir C. Akoh, David B. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnauba_wax

It is a sterol (or modified steroid), a type of lipid. Cholesterol is biosynthesized by all animal cells and is an essential ... The cleaved SREBP then migrates to the nucleus, and acts as a transcription factor to bind to the sterol regulatory element ( ... Agren JJ, Tvrzicka E, Nenonen MT, Helve T, Hänninen O (February 2001). "Divergent changes in serum sterols during a strict ... De Smet E, Mensink RP, Plat J (July 2012). "Effects of plant sterols and stanols on intestinal cholesterol metabolism: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol

Yue JM, Chen SN, Lin ZW, Sun HD (April 2001). "Sterols from the fungus Lactarium volemus". Phytochemistry. 56 (8): 801-6. doi: ... sterols, and the sugar alcohol volemitol. Among toxic substances, Lactarius turpis contains the mutagenic alkaloid necatorin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russulaceae

A number of sterol compounds have been identified from P. furfuracea, including ergosterol peroxide, ergosterol and lichosterol ... 1973). "Sterols of lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea". Phytochemistry. 12 (6): 1433-1436. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(73)80579-5.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudevernia_furfuracea

Fruit bodies contains a unique sterol molecule called volemolide, a derivative of the common fungal sterol ergosterol that may ... The fruit bodies have been chemically analysed and found to contain several sterols related to ergosterol, some of which are ... According to the authors, these types of highly oxygenated compounds-similar to sterols found in marine soft coral and sponges- ... Yue JM, Chen SN, Lin ZW, Sun HD (2001). "Sterols from the fungus Lactarius volemus". Phytochemistry. 56 (8): 801-806. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactifluus_volemus

Combaut, Georges; Saenger, Peter (April 1984). "Sterols of the amansieae (rhodomelaceae: Rhodophyta)". Phytochemistry. 23 (4): ... but because these other organisms produce a variety of sterols it cannot be used as a conclusive indicator of any one taxa. It ... "Steroidal ketones in the early diagenetic transformations of Δ5 sterols in different types of sediments". Organic Geochemistry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholestane

Sterol (ro); Sterol (sr); Sterol (sl); Sterol (nl); sterol (pl); 固醇 (zh-sg); สเตอรอล (th); sterol (nn); sterol (nb); Sterol (sh ... Sterol (tr); 固醇 (zh-hk); Sterol (sv); Стерини (uk); 固醇 (zh-hant); 固醇 (zh-cn); Sterolit (fi); Sterolo (eo); sterol (cs); Steroli ... Lemak sterol (id); esterol (ca); ステロール (ja); استرول (fa); sterol (en); ستيرول (ar); 固醇 (zh-hans); סטרול (he) tipo de esteroide ... Sterol, Stérols (fr); стеролы (ru); Sterin, Sterole, Sterol (de); Esteróis (pt); Стэролы (be); 甾醇 (zh); Zoosterol (sr

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sterols

This chapter reviews the sterol compositions reported for the different classes of microalgae. For a few major phyla such as ... Diatoms contain a surprising diversity of sterol distributions with over 40 sterols identified. Common sterols include 24- ... Patterson GW (1967) Sterols of Chlorella. II. The occurrence of an unusual sterol mixture in Chlorella vulgaris. Plant Physiol ... A number of unusual sterols have been found in smaller amounts in a few species including 4-methylsterols and the C30 sterol ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-24945-2_19

About CANOLA STEROLS: Canola Sterols is a mixture of sterols obtained from the seeds of the canola plant.. Function(s): Skin- ...

http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredient/717417/CANOLA_STEROLS/

Cholesterol Synthesis Brain Homogenate Cholesterol Biosynthesis Mevalonic Acid Sterol Synthesis These keywords were added by ... Paoletti E.G. (1971) Biosynthesis of Sterols in Developing Brain. In: Paoletti R., Davison A.N. (eds) Chemistry and Brain ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-7236-3_4

Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that bind to the sterol regulatory element DNA ... Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1. X-ray crystallography of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1A ... Sterols in turn inhibit the cleavage of SREBPs and therefore synthesis of additional sterols is reduced through a negative feed ... When sterol levels are low, INSIG and SCAP no longer bind. Then, SCAP undergoes a conformational change that exposes a portion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SREBP

Plant stanols and plant sterols are found in a range of plant foods. This Food Fact Sheet will look at their role in reducing ... To provide 1.5-3g per day of plant stanol/sterol you need to consume either:. *one plant sterol or stanol fortified mini ... How much plant stanols and sterols do I need?. Most diets provide a small amount of plant stanols and sterols (around 300mg per ... Why are stanols and sterols added to foods?. It is not possible to get enough plant stanols and sterols to help lower ...

https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/food-facts-plant-stanols-and-sterols.html

Stigmasterol-rich plant sterols is a food additive. It is a chemically-defined mixture derived from soybeans that consists of ... "Scientific Opinion on the safety of stigmasterol-rich plant sterols as food additive". EFSA Journal. 10 (5): 2659. doi:10.2903/ ... the plant sterols stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, campesterol, and brassicasterol, with stigmasterol representing >85% of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stigmasterol-rich_plant_sterols

While technically alcohols, sterols are classified by biochemists as lipids (fats in the broader sense of the term). Sterols of ... Sterols are common components of human skin oils. Phytosterols, more commonly known as plant sterols, have been shown in ... Sterol is a chemical compound with formula C 17H 28O, whose molecule is derived from that of gonane by replacement of a ... Ergosterol is a sterol present in the cell membrane of fungi, where it serves a role similar to cholesterol in animal cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterol

... are cholesterol-like substances that occur naturally at low levels in fruits, vegetables, nuts and cereals ( ... Eating plant sterols. The consumption of plant sterols is not a substitution for medication. If you are already on cholesterol- ... So how do I eat more plant sterols?. Some food products in Australia are fortified with plant sterols so they have higher ... What are plant sterols?. Plant sterols (phytosterols, phytostanols and their fatty acid esters) are cholesterol-like substances ...

https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/healthy-eating/food-and-nutrition/fats-and-cholesterol/plant-sterols

... consuming plant sterols and stanols may be an alternative to medication. Simply defined, plant sterols and stanols are the fat ... Simply defined, plant sterols and stanols are the fat contents of plants that act as the foundation for cell walls, vitamins ... When combined, plant sterols and stanols are physically similar to cholesterol in their waxy and soft quality, yet these ... Consuming two grams of plant sterols a day can help reduce cholesterol by around 10 per cent and could lead to a 20 per cent ...

https://www.ehow.co.uk/list_6975298_foods-plant-sterols-stanols.html

Protein involved in the synthesis of sterols, any steroid alcohol which are components of cell membranes in plants, animals and ...

https://www.uniprot.org/keywords/KW-0756

Functional convergence of hopanoids and sterols in membrane ordering Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ... Functional convergence of hopanoids and sterols in membrane ordering. James Peter Sáenz, Erdinc Sezgin, Petra Schwille, and Kai ... The formation of a liquid-ordered phase depends crucially on the ordering properties of sterols. However, it is not known ... We show that diplopterol, the simplest bacterial hopanoid, has similar properties and that hopanoids are bacterial "sterol ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/109/35/14236.abstract

Purchase Analysis of Sterols and Other Biologically Significant Steroids - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780125154451 ... Chromatographie Separation of Individual Sterols from Sterol Subclasses. V. Primary Characterization of Sterols. VI. ... Lipoprotein Structure and Sterol Content. III. Isolation of Lipoproteins. IV. Methods of Sterol Analysis. V. Analysis of Whole ... Extraction of Sterols. III. Chromatographie Isolation and Purification of Sterol Subclasses. IV. ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/analysis-of-sterols-and-other-biologically-significant-steroids/nes/978-0-12-515445-1

The capacity for sterols to modulate the ordering of lipids forms the basis for a membrane organizing principle in eukaryotes ( ... Prokaryotes generally lack sterols; however, some bacteria produce hopanoids (5, 6), which are structurally similar (Fig. 1A) ( ... S1), cholesterol induces the formation of two immiscible liquid phases: a Lo enriched in SM and sterol and a Ld enriched in ... 2005) Sterol structure determines the separation of phases and the curvature of the liquid-ordered phase in model membranes. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/109/35/14236?ijkey=ee76596dca62c94b2c3525d412ff60b23b661f9a&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Sterol definition, any of a group of solid, mostly unsaturated, polycyclic alcohols, as cholesterol and ergosterol, derived ... sterol. steroid, steroid acne, steroid hormone, steroidogenesis, steroid ulcer, sterol, stertor, stertorous, stet, stethalgia, ... Sterols are found in the tissues of animals, plants, fungi, and yeasts and include cholesterol. ...

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/sterol

Reviews of sterols products including quality ratings and comparisons by ConsumerLab.com which tests and reviews vitamins, ... SEARCH RESULTS for "Sterols". Cholesterol-Lowering Supplements Review (Sterols/Stanols and Policosanol) See our tests, ... A More Effective Way to Take Sterols/Stanols to Lower Cholesterol? (08/05/2012). A More Effective Way to Take Sterols/Stanols ... Taking Fish Oil with Sterols (08/31/2014). Taking Fish Oil with Sterols ...

https://www.consumerlab.com/search/sterols-review/

EWGs Skin Deep® database gives you practical solutions to protect yourself and your family from everyday exposures to chemicals in personal care products.

https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/browse/ingredients/702687-GLYCINE_SOJA_SOYBEAN_STEROLS/?brand=Fresh&category=facial+cleanser&ingredient_id=702687-GLYCINE_SOJA_SOYBEAN_STEROLS

Reported side effects associated with plant sterols include diarrhea, nausea, heartburn or indigestion, and constipation, ... Plant sterols are naturally-occurring substances present in small amounts in many grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds, ... Most people tolerate plant sterols agreeably and with few or no side effects, reports eMedTV. If a dietary supplement or ... Manufacturers of food products frequently add plant sterols to items such as margarine, cereal, orange juice and granola bars. ...

https://www.reference.com/health/plant-sterols-cause-side-effects-c369159a38b348a4

The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute reports that adding 2 grams of plant sterols to your daily diet may lower ... The challenge is getting enough sterols in your diet to have an impact. ... Plant sterols provide one primary benefit: They help lower cholesterol. ... Check the label on the products you buy because they may contain anywhere from 0.4 to 1.7 grams or more of sterols per serving. ...

https://www.livestrong.com/article/243789-foods-rich-in-plant-sterols/

The American Heart Associations science advisory on plant sterols and stanols offers good background information on their ... Statement on sterols. Published: March, 2006. The American Heart Associations science advisory on plant sterols and stanols ...

https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/statement_on_sterols

... referred to as plant sterol and stanol esters) are a group of naturally occurring compounds found in plant cell membranes. ... Home / Health Library / Articles / Phytosterols: Sterols & Stanols Phytosterols: Sterols & Stanols Phytosterols, Sterols & ... Phytosterols (referred to as plant sterol and stanol esters) are a group of naturally occurring compounds found in plant cell ... "Foods containing at least 0.65 gram per serving of vegetable oil plant sterol esters, eaten twice a day with meals for a daily ...

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17368-phytosterols-sterols--stanols

Phytosterols, Plant Sterols, Sterols, Plant, Phytosterols [Chemical/Ingredient], plant sterols, phytosterols, Plant Sterol, ... Also called plant sterol. Definition (NCI_CRCH) A class of dietary sterols present in plants with chemical structures nearly ... Any sterol found in the plant kingdom. Concepts. Biologically Active Substance (T123) , Steroid (T110) , Pharmacologic ... A family of sterols commonly found in plants and plant oils. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers have been characterized. ...

http://fpnotebook.com/CV/Pharm/PlntStrl.htm

A process for the removal of sterols, specifically cholesterol, from a triglyceride oil, preferably a marine triglyceride oil, ... Levels of Sterols. In many examples, the disclosed compositions contain reduced levels of sterols (e.g., cholesterol) as ... Reduction of sterols and other compounds from oils. US8609157. Oct 30, 2009. Dec 17, 2013. Tharos Ltd.. Solvent-free process ... The sterols that can be present at reduced levels in the disclosed compositions or that are removed from the disclosed ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US7977498?dq=4,923,986

Plant sterols and stanols reduce the absorption of cholesterol from the gut and so lower serum concentrations of cholesterol ... Plant sterols or stanols that have been esterified to increase their lipid solubilitycan be incorporated into foods ... The 2 g of plant sterol or stanol added to an average daily portion of margarine reduces serum concentrations of low density ... The added costs of £70 per person per year will limit consumption; however, if stanols and sterols become cheaper, their ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/320/7238/861.full

C) Effect of the point mutations K49A/K52A and K219A on the sterol transfer catalyzed by STARD4. (D) Comparison of the sterol- ... we compared sterol transport mediated by STARD4 with that of a simple sterol carrier, methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD), when STARD4 ... STARD4 abundance regulates sterol transport and sensing.. Mesmin B1, Pipalia NH, Lund FW, Ramlall TF, Sokolov A, Eliezer D, ... Interestingly, STARD4 and cytosolic MCD act similarly by increasing the rate of transfer of sterol to the ERC and to the ER. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21900492/

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Science Signaling.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...

https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2005/289/pe30/tab-article-info

Topics: Health Related: cholesterol, plant sterol. Nutritional Information for Common Spreads for Toast. Posted Jun 03, 2008. ... Topics: Health Related: breakfast, cholesterol, cream cheese, jam, morning, nutella, peanut butter, plant sterol, toast ... Topics: Health Related: cholesterol, fish, heart smart, nuts, omega-3, plant sterol, soluble fiber, soy ... Health Benefits of Plant Sterols. Posted Aug 03, 2008. by Sejal Dave Leave a Comment ...

https://www.healthcastle.com/tag/plant-sterol/

Minute Maid and Corowise are two brands that provide specialty orange juice products fortified with sterols. These options are ... Sterols also improve prostate function by reducing prostate size and the frequency of urination. Sterols help improve urinary ... Additionally, a healthy diet of sterols can improve general immune system functions, and introducing more sterols into the ... and LDL levels drop when sterols are present. Sterols dont hinder the function of other cholesterol-lowering supplements, ...

https://www.reference.com/world-view/brands-orange-juice-fortified-sterols-e33452b6f05f3422

This research assesses consumption patterns of products containing plant sterols and consumer awareness of labelling on ... Post-market monitoring of novel foods: Plant sterols. Last updated: 27 February 2006 ... Plant sterols inhibit the absorption of cholesterol and they exist in two different forms, phytosterols and phytostanols. They ... In view of this (EC) 608/2004 imposes a statutory requirement for all products with added plant sterols to be labelled in a ...

https://www.food.gov.uk/science/research/gm-research/g03021

Learn more about Stanols/Sterols at Memorial Health Supplement Forms/Alternate Names Phytostanols Sitostanol Campestanol ... Stanol and sterol esters are manufactured by processing stanols or sterols with fatty acids from vegetable oils. 3 Stanol/ ... Related substances called sterols or phytosterols (such as beta-sitosterol) and sterol esters appear to lower cholesterol in ... 51,52 Evidence is also conflicting whether sterols or sterol esters impair nutrient absorption. 69,72 Until more is learned, it ...

https://memorialhealth.com/hl/?/21394/Sterol

Esters Phytosterols Stigmasterol Biosynthesis Stanol High in plan Natural Sterol Complex Margarine Lower cholesterol Lipids Campesterol Skip Beta-Sitosterol Plant Sterols Consumption of plant sterols Steroid Cholesterol-reducing effects of addi Grams Encodes a sterol C-14 reductase Supplements Fortified with plant sterols and stanols 800mg of free plant sterols Absorption Orange juice Similar to cholesterol Free sterols Enough sterols Ergosterol Fatty Compounds Intracellular Role of plant sterols Rich in Plant Sterols Products containing pl Serving of plant sterols Foods With Plant Sterols Showed that plant sterols Sitosterol Steroids with a hydroxyl group Naturally Metabolism Dietary Benefit of combini Synthesis Plant Sterols Help Protein Supplementation Individual Sterols Intake Inhibit Stanols or sterols Reduce LDL cholesterol Regulatory Concentrations Placebo Levels Properties of sterols Requirement for sterols Complex Legumes Substances Body's

Plant sterols (phytosterols, phytostanols and their fatty acid esters) are cholesterol-like substances that occur naturally at low levels in fruits, vegetables, nuts and cereals. (heartfoundation.org.au)
Phytosterols (referred to as plant sterol and stanol esters) are a group of naturally occurring compounds found in plant cell membranes. (clevelandclinic.org)
Foods containing at least 0.65 gram per serving of vegetable oil plant sterol esters, eaten twice a day with meals for a daily total intake of at least 1.3 grams, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease. (clevelandclinic.org)
Related substances called sterols or phytosterols (such as beta-sitosterol) and sterol esters appear to lower cholesterol in much the same manner as stanols. (memorialhealth.com)
Stanol and sterol esters are manufactured by processing stanols or sterols with fatty acids from vegetable oils. (memorialhealth.com)
3 Stanol/sterols and their esters are added to margarine spreads and salad dressings and are also available as dietary supplement tablets. (memorialhealth.com)
Typical dosages of stanol/sterols and their esters to improve cholesterol profile range from 2.7 to 5.1 g per day. (memorialhealth.com)
Numerous double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, ranging in length from 30 days to 12 months and involving a total of more than 1,000 people, have found that sterol/stanols and their esters are effective for improving cholesterol profile. (memorialhealth.com)
The claim that plant stanol and plant sterol esters can reduce your cholesterol in two weeks is a proven fact. (reflector.com)
Source 'Daily Consumption of a Dark Chocolate Containing Flavanols and Added Sterol Esters Affects Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Normotensive Population with Elevated Cholesterol' Journal of Nutrition , 138: 725-731, 2008. (nutraingredients.com)
CardioAid®-S Plant Sterol Esters is a combination of the ester forms of Beta-Sitosterol, Campesterol and Stigmasterol. (fredmeyer.com)
NOW Beta-Sitosterol Plant Sterols is formulated with CardioAid-S plant sterol esters plus added fish oil to support healthy cholesterol levels. (netrition.com)
In the current proposed pilot study, the effect of consuming plant sterol or plant stanol esters on biopsy proven liver inflammation will be investigated in NAFLD patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The objective is to assess the effect of consuming plant sterol or plant stanol esters (3 grams/day) for 12 months on biopsy proven liver inflammation in NAFLD patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Stanol and sterol esters have a structure similar to cholesterol, and they block the usual re-absorption of bile salts, which are then lost in our poo. (boots.com)
We evaluated the effects of very high daily intake of plant stanols (8.8 g/day) as esters on cholesterol metabolism, and serum levels of plant sterols and stanols. (chiro.org)
Beta-sitosterol (one of a variety of plant sterol esters, or simply plant sterols) is a naturally occurring substance found in many whole foods, including vegetables, nuts, seeds, and legumes. (townhall.com)
A serving of NOW® Beta-Sitosterol Plant Sterols with Fish Oil offers 1 gram (1,000 mg) of plant sterol esters in a base of fish oil. (nowfoods.com)

Sterols of plants are called phytosterols and sterols of animals are called zoosterols. (wikipedia.org)
Phytosterols, more commonly known as plant sterols, have been shown in clinical trials to block cholesterol absorption sites in the human intestine, thus helping to reduce cholesterol absorption in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Plant sterols inhibit the absorption of cholesterol and they exist in two different forms, phytosterols and phytostanols. (food.gov.uk)
Plant sterols, also known as phytosterols, have also been found to mitigate allergic reactions, fight cancer, and reduce symptoms of autoimmune disorders. (vitalitymagazine.com)
By ingesting a minimum of 300 mg of enteric coated phytosterols in a capsule, or eating 3000 mg of plant sterols in fruits, veggies and seeds, your immune system will be prepared to respond to many invaders before they get the upper hand. (vitalitymagazine.com)
Although more studies are required to understand how and to what extent phytosterols can impact inflammation, the authors consider sterols to play an important role in prevention of inflammatory and immune diseases. (vitalitymagazine.com)
In plants, the diverse functions of sterol-derived brassinosteroids (BRs) in growth and development have been investigated rigorously, yet little is known about the regulatory roles of other phytosterols. (plantphysiol.org)
Sometimes referred to as 'phytosterols', plant sterols may help to fight high cholesterol . (verywellhealth.com)
Plant sterols or 'phytosterols' are compounds found naturally in various plant-derived foods. (hellenia.co.uk)

Stigmasterol-rich plant sterols is a food additive. (wikipedia.org)
It is a chemically-defined mixture derived from soybeans that consists of the plant sterols stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, campesterol, and brassicasterol, with stigmasterol representing >85% of the mixture. (wikipedia.org)
The plant sterol stigmasterol inhibits several pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators typically involved in osteoarthritis-induced cartilage degradation. (greenmedinfo.com)
With Natural Sterol Complex, you get a comprehensive blend of sterols including fucosterol, stigmasterol, B-sitosterol, campesterol, and other mixed sterols for maximum results. (netrition.com)
Similar to BR, both typical (sitosterol and stigmasterol) and atypical (8, 14-diene sterols accumulated in fk mutants) sterols affect the expression of genes involved in cell expansion and cell division. (plantphysiol.org)
The FK gene encodes a sterol C-14 reductase, catalyzing a reaction that is upstream of the branch point in the biosynthetic pathway that leads to BRs on one branch and sitosterol and stigmasterol on the other. (plantphysiol.org)
A simplified pathway illustrates the synthesis of C5-sterols including campesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol in Arabidopsis. (plantphysiol.org)
We focused on the role of plant sterols (beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and total plant sterols) after controlling for major confounders. (unboundmedicine.com)

These compositions are discussed in terms of taxonomic groupings and from the viewpoint of the various steps involved in sterol biosynthesis that introduce specific double bonds or alkylate the sterol side-chain. (springer.com)
Paoletti E.G. (1971) Biosynthesis of Sterols in Developing Brain. (springer.com)
These activated SREBPs then bind to specific sterol regulatory element DNA sequences, thus upregulating the synthesis of enzymes involved in sterol biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
We used adaptive laboratory evolution to select yeast strains with improved growth and ethanol production at ≥40°C. Sequencing of the whole genome, genome-wide gene expression, and metabolic-flux analyses revealed a change in sterol composition, from ergosterol to fecosterol, caused by mutations in the C-5 sterol desaturase gene, and increased expression of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis. (sciencemag.org)
We found that PTE down-regulates the expression of the master fat regulator SBP-1, a homologue of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and its target stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), a key enzyme in fat biosynthesis, leading to an increased ratio of stearic acid (C18:0) to oleic acid (C18:1n-9), and subsequently decreased fat storage. (mendeley.com)
Although these studies strongly suggest that FK-mediated sterol biosynthesis is required for normal plant growth and development, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. (plantphysiol.org)
Sterol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. (plantphysiol.org)
Does this simply reflect a requirement for sterols in steroid hormone biosynthesis, or is bulk membrane sterol also essential in Drosophila ? (biologists.org)

If you do choose to use a plant stanol or sterol product in addition to the changes outlined above, they need to be eaten every day, with meals, and in the right amount. (uk.com)
Adding stanol and sterol fortified foods to the diet may be more effective than doubling a statin (a type of cholesterol lowering medication) dose. (uk.com)
Because these foods are not low in calories, those interested in increasing their plant sterol and stanol consumption must be mindful when eating fortified foods to guard against weight gain. (ehow.co.uk)
For those who do not want to make diet changes, supplements offer an alternative means of plant sterol and stanol consumption. (ehow.co.uk)
Additionally, those with extremely elevated cholesterol levels may not benefit from sterol and stanol supplements and may need medication instead. (ehow.co.uk)
We recently demonstrated in mice that plant sterol and stanol ester consumption inhibited the development of liver inflammation , which needs to be validated in humans in a translational approach. (clinicaltrials.gov)
All subjects will start a run-in period of two weeks during which they consume daily 20 grams of control margarine after which they will be randomly allocated to consume 20 grams control margarine or plant sterol or plant stanol enriched margarine on a daily basis for a period of 12 months. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The margarine is provided in white but colour-coded tubs and it is not known to the participant and the researcher which colour coded margarine is placebo, plant sterol or stanol ester margarine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Serum plant stanol levels remained at comparable low levels as in studies with daily intake of 2-3 g, and were normalized in 4 weeks suggesting that daily intake of 8.8 g of plant stanols might not increase systemic availability of plant stanols, but reduces effectively serum cholesterol and plant sterol levels. (chiro.org)
Beneficial effect is obtained with a daily intake of at least 0.8g of plant sterol/stanol. (hellenia.co.uk)

A diet high in plant sterols, soy protein, viscous fibers and almonds compares favorably to statin therapy in reducing C-reactive protein. (greenmedinfo.com)
This is why diets high in plant sterols can help to control blood cholesterol levels, and why plant sterols are now added to some specialist margarines. (naturesbest.co.uk)
Forty-six people were randomly assigned to follow either a low-fat diet (control), a low-fat diet plus a statin, or a diet high in plant sterols. (townhall.com)
Raw nuts contain important phytonutrients and antioxidants and are high in plant sterols and in omega-3's. (hubpages.com)

Universal Nutrition Natural Sterol Complex at Netrition.com. (netrition.com)
Universal Nutrition Natural Sterol Complex, a plant sterol-based anabolic supplement, is a powerful but natural alternative to prohormones. (netrition.com)
A number of distinct and potent components make up the best-selling Natural Sterol Complex formula: natural anabolic plant sterols, an herbal mass and density blend, a specialized phytonutrient blend, essential fatty acids (EFAs), and finally rounded out by a comprehensive muscle cell protection blend. (netrition.com)
These components ensure that Universal Nutrition Natural Sterol Complex will get you bigger and harder in a shorter period of time. (netrition.com)
The select plant sterol formula found in every bottle is what makes Natural Sterol Complex so unique among bodybuilding supplements. (netrition.com)
Specific sterols found in Universal Nutrition Natural Sterol Complex can actually bind to estrogen receptor sites, thus reducing the likelihood of aromatization (estrogen conversion). (netrition.com)
Universal Nutrition Natural Sterol Complex was introduced to the bodybuilding community. (illpumpyouup.com)

Margarine, milk, yoghurt and breakfast cereals, all have approval to be fortified with plant sterols. (heartfoundation.org.au)
Manufacturers of food products frequently add plant sterols to items such as margarine, cereal, orange juice and granola bars. (reference.com)
Try replacing butter or margarine with sterol-fortified spreads. (livestrong.com)
A new polyunsaturated margarine with added plant stanols, Benecol, was introduced in several European countries last year, and a similar margarine with added plant sterols will be introduced under the Flora label later this year. (bmj.com)
Since the late 1990s, a growing range of food products, including margarine and yoghurts have contained plant sterols (the two leading brands in the UK being Benecol and Flora Pro.activ). (food.gov.uk)
42,43,57,73,75 According to one study, if you are on statins and start taking sterol ester margarine as well, your cholesterol will improve to the same effect as if you doubled the statin dose. (memorialhealth.com)
The sterols and stanols are best absorbed if taken with fat, so it makes sense that they are added to margarine. (reflector.com)
These products are still sold in Europe, but they weren't very popular in the U.S. So margarine and dietary supplements are pretty much the only products I can find with the plant stanols and sterols in them. (reflector.com)
Next, the group was put on a low-fat diet, which included toast with margarine containing a plant sterol or a placebo powder. (medindia.net)
Most sterol-containing foods studied so far have been brands of margarine. (medindia.net)
Margarine is the most popular form of food, known to contain high levels of plant sterols. (bio-medicine.org)

Most studies show that eating more than the recommended 3g per day of plant stanols/sterols is unlikely to lower cholesterol levels further and may have a negative effect on the absorption of fat soluble vitamins. (uk.com)
It is not possible to get enough plant stanols and sterols to help lower cholesterol from the foods we eat. (uk.com)
I read that sterol supplements to lower cholesterol like CholestOff can block the absorption of vitamins. (consumerlab.com)
A More Effective Way to Take Sterols/Stanols to Lower Cholesterol? (consumerlab.com)
A new study shows that taking sterols and stanols from a softgel appears to lower cholesterol more effectively than from a tablet. (consumerlab.com)
Plant sterols provide one primary benefit: They help lower cholesterol. (livestrong.com)
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute reports that adding 2 grams of plant sterols to your daily diet may lower cholesterol by 5 to 15 percent. (livestrong.com)
An industry sponsored, peer reviewed study has found consuming chocolate containing plant sterols and cocoa flavanols can lower cholesterol and blood pressure levels. (nutraingredients.com)
Supplementation with plant sterols can significantly lower cholesterol levels and have been shown to work synergistically with other therapies for lowering cholesterol. (nutrichem.com)
They have found that pills containing plant substances called sterols which can help lower cholesterol. (medindia.net)
Plant sterols are best known for their ability to naturally lower cholesterol. (townhall.com)
Finding that higher intakes of plant sterols are linked to lower cholesterol levels, the report's authors concluded that dietary intake of plant sterols should be part of dietary advice to patients with high cholesterol (as well as to the general public for the prevention and management of heart disease ). (verywellhealth.com)
Sterol containing pills, a plant constituent, can help lower cholesterol levels report researchers at Washington University School of Medicine. (bio-medicine.org)

Once in the nucleus, SREBP can bind to specific DNA sequences (the sterol regulatory elements or SREs) that are found in the control regions of the genes that encode enzymes needed to make lipids. (wikipedia.org)
We show that diplopterol, the simplest bacterial hopanoid, has similar properties and that hopanoids are bacterial "sterol surrogates" with the ability to order saturated lipids and to form a liquid-ordered phase in model membranes. (pnas.org)
The capacity for sterols to modulate the ordering of lipids forms the basis for a membrane organizing principle in eukaryotes ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
While technically alcohols, sterols are classified by biochemists as lipids (fats in the broader sense of the term). (wikipedia.org)
A variety of healthy foods will provide you with the lipids including fatty acids, sterols and triglycerides you need for health. (fitday.com)
Serum lipids, lipoprotein lipids, and non-cholesterol sterols were determined at baseline, during intervention, and 4 weeks afterwards. (chiro.org)
these functions can be performed by non-sterol lipids when sterols are unavailable. (biologists.org)
The synthesis of one cholesterol molecule requires 11 molecules of oxygen ( Espenshade and Hughes, 2007 ) and, unlike other lipids, no energy is produced by sterol catabolism ( Haines, 2001 ). (biologists.org)
Sterols make up a significant fraction of the lipids in cell membranes, and high concentrations of membrane sterol are thought to confer the biophysical properties that are essential for membrane function. (biologists.org)

Whereas plants also produce dozens of different sterols, including cholesterol, only brassinosteroids (BR) derived from campesterol have been shown to act as hormone signals. (plantphysiol.org)

Skip the itching and sneezing with sterols! (vitalitymagazine.com)

NOW Beta-Sitosterol Plant Sterols at Netrition.com. (netrition.com)

As the consumption of plant sterols and stanols can interfere with the absorption of beta-carotene, it is important to choose at least one fruit or vegetable high in beta-carotene (such as carrot, pumpkin, squash, broccoli, spinach, apricot, mango or rock melon) daily. (uk.com)
The consumption of plant sterols is not a substitution for medication. (heartfoundation.org.au)
A number of studies suggest that regular consumption of plant sterols can help fight high cholesterol. (verywellhealth.com)
A 10% reduction in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or the bad cholesterol was documented following consumption of plant sterols. (bio-medicine.org)

Protein involved in the synthesis of sterols, any steroid alcohol which are components of cell membranes in plants, animals and fungi. (uniprot.org)
The text also teaches how to isolate and characterize sterols and steroid metabolites of plant, fungal, and insect origin. (elsevier.com)
These sterols or steroid alcohols are a subgroup of the steroids and an important class of organic molecules. (wikipedia.org)
The most familiar type of animal sterol is cholesterol, which is vital to cell membrane structure, and functions as a precursor to fat-soluble vitamins and steroid hormones. (wikipedia.org)
Sterols are important not only for structural components of eukaryotic cell membranes but also for biosynthetic precursors of steroid hormones. (plantphysiol.org)
Here, we show that Drosophila require both bulk membrane sterol and steroid hormones in order to complete adult development. (biologists.org)

Sridevi Devaraj, sitting, and Ishwarlal Jialal first showed the cholesterol-reducing effects of adding plant sterols to a nonfat beverage in 2004. (ucdavis.edu)

When eaten in higher amounts, between 2-3 grams per day, plant sterols can naturally reduce LDL cholesterol. (heartfoundation.org.au)
When eaten at the recommended amount, between 2 and 3 grams a day, plant sterols can reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (the bad cholesterol) levels in our blood. (heartfoundation.org.au)
Corn oil, for example, contains only .13 grams of sterol and scientists recommend two grams a day for measurable results. (ehow.co.uk)
Consuming two grams of plant sterols a day can help reduce cholesterol by around 10 per cent and could lead to a 20 per cent lower chance of heart disease. (ehow.co.uk)
Check the label on the products you buy because they may contain anywhere from 0.4 to 1.7 grams or more of sterols per serving. (livestrong.com)
The evidence was so compelling that in addition to keeping saturated fat less than 7 percent of calories, cholesterol less than 200 mg per day and increasing viscous (soluble) fiber (10-25 g per day), the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute added to its TLC diet the recommendation to consume 2 grams of plant stanols/sterols every day. (reflector.com)
People with high cholesterol levels can take in plant sterols supplements with a recommended daily dosage of up to 2.4grams to achieve at least 7% difference. (hubpages.com)
And even if we could eat plant foods rich in sterols, we would have to eat 500-700 grams of fresh fruits and vegetables to derive 100 grams of sterols. (prohealth.com)
Three hundred and thirty two men and women with elevated cholesterol levels were randomly assigned to receive the spread with 2.5 grams per day of sterols and different levels of omega-3s (0, 0.9, 1.3, and 1.8 grams per day of EPA + DHA for four weeks). (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Consuming 2 grams of plant sterols or stanols each day is recommended for their cholesterol-busting benefits. (howstuffworks.com)
Additionally, a 2009 research review from Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture notes that daily consumption of one to two grams of plant sterols has been found to cause a 10 to 20% reduction in LDL cholesterol in scientific studies. (verywellhealth.com)
To achieve and/or maintain healthy cholesterol levels, the National Cholesterol Education Program (part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) recommends consuming two grams of plant sterols each day as part of a heart-healthy diet. (verywellhealth.com)

Recent analysis of Arabidopsis fackel ( fk ) mutants and cloning of the FK gene that encodes a sterol C-14 reductase have indicated that sterols play a crucial role in plant cell division, embryogenesis, and development. (plantphysiol.org)

Plant sterols and stanols may be also added to other foods as well as being present in supplements. (uk.com)
Today, thanks to scientific advances, plant sterols and stanols are found in fortified foods and supplements. (ehow.co.uk)
The effects of products containing plant sterols and stanols on pregnant women and children are still unknown, so supplements are to be avoided by these groups. (ehow.co.uk)
Experts from the American Dietetic Association recommend that ingesting plant sterols from natural food sources is preferable to obtaining them through food additives or dietary supplements, according to WebMD. (reference.com)
If a dietary supplement or product containing plant sterols also contains other dietary supplements, herbs or medications the possibility of serious side effects increases. (reference.com)
Sterols don't hinder the function of other cholesterol-lowering supplements, making them an excellent supplement to many treatment systems. (reference.com)
If you are into the process of lowering your cholesterol level, you can keep a brand of your plant sterols supplements such as capsules from British Supplements in your cupboard or carry it anywhere. (hubpages.com)
Plant sterols supplements are generally safe and effective to lower your bad cholesterol levels but you still need to protect your overall health above all. (hubpages.com)
To date, research on the use of plant sterol supplements for treatment or prevention of high cholesterol is fairly limited. (verywellhealth.com)
Although a 2004 report published in Current Opinion in Lipidology indicates that consuming plant sterols in supplement form may help lower LDL cholesterol levels, more research needs to be conducted before plant sterol supplements can be recommended as a cholesterol-lowering treatment. (verywellhealth.com)
While plant sterol supplements are often touted as a natural remedy for high cholesterol, there is currently a lack of scientific evidence to support the use of plant sterol supplements as a treatment for any health condition. (verywellhealth.com)
It's important to note that plant sterols (or plant sterol supplements) should not be used in place of doctor-prescribed treatment for high cholesterol. (verywellhealth.com)

You can buy spreads, cheese, cereals, granola bars, orange juice, wholemeal bread and yoghurt-style drinks which have been fortified with plant sterols and stanols. (boots.com)

Each Nature's Best plant sterol tablet contains 800mg of free plant sterols. (naturesbest.co.uk)
Plant Sterols 800mg 4.9/5 based on 150 customer reviews Pure, higher strength one-a-day source With 800mg of free plant sterols per tablet and accurately described! (naturesbest.co.uk)

Because they have a similar structure to cholesterol, plant stanols and sterols work to reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the gut so more is lost in the faeces (poo). (uk.com)
For best absorption, do not consume the entire daily recommended serving of plant sterols and stanols in one sitting, but rather in smaller amounts throughout the day. (ehow.co.uk)
There is some evidence that the long term consumption of high amounts of plant sterols may effect the absorption of fat soluble vitamins. (food.gov.uk)
Because they are structurally similar to cholesterol, stanols (and sterols) can displace cholesterol from the "packages" that deliver cholesterol for absorption from the intestines to the bloodstream. (memorialhealth.com)
If you use it regularly, stanols and sterols block your body's absorption of cholesterol. (reflector.com)
Because sterols and stanols have a similar molecular structure to cholesterol, they block cholesterol receptors and help prevent the absorption of cholesterol. (naturemade.com)
Plant Sterols are plant-derived compounds that are structurally similar to cholesterol so that they help to limit the absorption of cholesterol from the digestive tract. (fredmeyer.com)
Plant sterols have been shown to block cholesterol's absorption, lower blood cholesterol beyond diet and they are minimally absorbed by the intestines. (medindia.net)
Cholesterol precursor sterol lathosterol reflected cholesterol synthesis, and serum plant sterols and cholestanol mirrored cholesterol absorption. (chiro.org)
Chemically similar to cholesterol, sterols are thought to lower LDL levels in the body by limiting absorption of cholesterol in the intestine. (ucdavis.edu)
Considering taking medication to treat excess+absorption+of+diet+plant+and+shellfish+sterols+and+cholesterol? (webmd.com)
Below is a list of common medications used to treat or reduce the symptoms of excess+absorption+of+diet+plant+and+shellfish+sterols+and+cholesterol. (webmd.com)
Plant sterols are similar to cholesterol in structure and can reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the gut by competing with cholesterol to get absorbed and transported into the body. (medindia.net)
Plants sterols work by blocking the body's absorption of cholesterol. (townhall.com)
Studies suggest that plant sterols may help keep cholesterol in check by inhibiting the intestines' absorption of cholesterol. (verywellhealth.com)
Some research suggests that plant sterol intake can decrease the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and antioxidants such as carotenoids. (verywellhealth.com)

What Brands of Orange Juice Are Fortified With Sterols? (reference.com)
Minute Maid and Corowise are two brands that provide specialty orange juice products fortified with sterols. (reference.com)
Researchers at UC Davis School of Medicine and Medical Center say plant sterols added to orange juice were effective in reducing bad cholesterol levels in test subjects. (retailwire.com)
Plant sterols in orange juice beverage lowers. (ucdavis.edu)
Now, UC Davis researchers have found that twice-daily servings of a reduced-calorie orange juice beverage fortified with plant sterols also lowers levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation and an accepted risk marker for heart disease. (ucdavis.edu)
Sterols are plant cholesterols recognized for their ability to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad" cholesterol, when added to margarines, salad dressings, other fats and orange juice. (ucdavis.edu)
This is the first study to show that healthy people who drink a plant sterol-fortified orange juice beverage can reduce C-reactive protein levels," said Sridevi Devaraj , lead author of the study. (ucdavis.edu)
Drinking a plant sterol-fortified orange juice beverage is a relatively simple thing to do and it may have important preventive effects. (ucdavis.edu)
Half of the group drank a reduced-calorie, sterol-fortified orange juice beverage, while the other half drank a juice beverage without sterols. (ucdavis.edu)
Researchers found that volunteers who drank the sterol-fortified orange juice beverage had an average 9-percent decrease in LDL cholesterol, and an average of 12-percent decrease in C-reactive protein levels. (ucdavis.edu)
Researchers found no significant changes in LDL or C-reactive protein levels in those who drank the non-sterol fortified orange juice beverage. (ucdavis.edu)
Plant cholesterols known as sterols -- recognized for their cholesterol-lowering power when added to margarines, salad dressings and other fats -- also have been found to be effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein, or 'bad' cholesterol' levels, when added to orange juice. (innovations-report.com)
Now, UC Davis researchers have found that twice-daily servings of a reduced-calorie orange juice beverage fortified with plant sterols also reduces levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation and an accepted risk marker for heart disease. (innovations-report.com)
Drinking a plant sterol-fortified orange juice beverage is a relatively simple thing to do and it may have important preventative effects. (innovations-report.com)
In one study, eight weeks of drinking a sterol-fortified orange juice led to significantly lower total LDL cholesterol, compared to placebo. (townhall.com)

When combined, plant sterols and stanols are physically similar to cholesterol in their waxy and soft quality, yet these nutrients actually reduce cholesterol levels by replacing it in the bloodstream. (ehow.co.uk)
Ergosterol is a sterol present in the cell membrane of fungi, where it serves a role similar to cholesterol in animal cells. (wikipedia.org)
The sterols produced by plants are similar to cholesterol in structure and function. (livestrong.com)
Plant sterols are plant compounds, which are chemically similar to cholesterol. (vitasprings.com)

This study describes the free sterols composition of the Mycale laevis sponge, collected in the Cispatá Ba (mas) y (Córdoba, Colombia). (worldwidescience.org)

These plant compounds can certainly help (by lowering cholesterol levels), but recent lawsuits challenge whether Smart Balance and Benecol provide enough sterols/stanols to claim a benefit. (consumerlab.com)
The challenge is getting enough sterols in your diet to have an impact. (livestrong.com)
But getting enough sterols and stanols through diet alone is nearly impossible. (naturemade.com)

In other green algae a predominance of Δ 7 -unsaturated sterols is found dominated by 24-methylcholesta-5,7,22E-dien-3β-ol (ergosterol). (springer.com)
New quaternary alkylammonium conjugates of steroids were obtained by two step reaction of sterols (ergosterol, cholesterol, dihydrocholesterol) with bromoacetic acid bromide, followed by bimolecular nucleophilic substitution with a long chain tertiary alkylamine. (mdpi.com)

Plant sterols are natural fatty nutrients found in plants. (reference.com)
Fatty acids are small building blocks that create types of fat such as sterols and triglycerides. (fitday.com)
Fatty acids, sterols and triglycerides all fall under the category of lipid. (fitday.com)
Fatty acids are simply chains of carbon and hydrogen that can join together to form larger molecules such as triglycerides, sterols, saturated and unsaturated fats which will interact in our bodies. (fitday.com)
Catalysis of the reaction: a steryl ester + H2O = a sterol + a fatty acid. (yeastgenome.org)
Dendrite formation in these CIVda neurons additionally requires functional sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) , a crucial regulator of fatty acid production. (sdbonline.org)
This work focuses on the main groups present in waste water: resin acids, free and esterified fatty acids and, free and esterified sterols. (diva-portal.org)

Sterols and related compounds play essential roles in the physiology of eukaryotic organisms. (wikipedia.org)
A class of organic compounds known as STEROLS or STEROIDS derived from plants. (fpnotebook.com)
Plant sterols and stanols are healthy compounds found in plant oils, nuts, seeds and legumes. (fitday.com)
Plant sterols, natural compounds found in certain vegetable oils, cereals, fruits and vegetables, have previously been shown to be safe and effective in lowering cholesterol levels, and this study adds to that body of research. (nutraingredients.com)
This type of data is very scarce for natural compounds like sterols and vitamins. (doaj.org)
Moducare is a pine extract that contains sterols, naturally occurring compounds found in all plants. (prohealth.com)
It is now possible to tell the story of mankind's presence and evolution on the planet by analyzing trends in soil and sediment accumulation of fecal sterols, chemical compounds which are crucial in human physiology. (eurekalert.org)
A number of plant foods contain compounds called plant sterols. (verywellhealth.com)

Among them, STARD4 has been shown to increase intracellular cholesteryl ester formation and is controlled at the transcriptional level by sterol levels in cells. (nih.gov)
Lipin 1 expression is regulated by intracellular sterols in Huh7 cells. (nih.gov)
The intracellular transport of sterol for esterification is not sensitive to anti-microtubule agents. (asm.org)

Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have investigated the role of plant sterols in cholesterol lowering ability. (medindia.net)

A diet rich in plant sterols results in a natural decrease in the amount of cholesterol in the body. (reference.com)
Pistachios are rich in plant sterols. (verywellhealth.com)

This research assesses consumption patterns of products containing plant sterols and consumer awareness of labelling on consumption guidelines for these products. (food.gov.uk)
In addition, EC regulation 608/2004 requires that all products containing plant sterols should be labelled in a consistent manner. (food.gov.uk)
The Food Standards Agency, as the UK Competent Authority for the Novel Foods Regulation (EC) 258/97, is receiving an increasing number of enquiries and novel food applications from manufacturers who wish to launch new products containing plant sterols to the UK market. (food.gov.uk)

Products containing at least 500 mg per serving of plant sterols, eaten twice a day with meals for a daily intake of 1000 mg as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol helps support cardiovascular health. (vitasprings.com)

Eating foods with plant sterols will not harm you especially that as mentioned earlier, they only come in small amounts. (hubpages.com)

The results showed that plant sterols are [effective] in lowering LDL cholesterol in both diabetic and non-diabetic persons. (medindia.net)

Green microalgae are shown to have a variety of compositions including some with simple distributions of sterols dominated by the C 29 sterol 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol (sitosterol) more commonly associated with higher plants. (springer.com)

Sterols are steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and a side chain at C-17. (wikimedia.org)
Sterols are a subgroup of steroids with a hydroxyl group at the 3-position of the A-ring. (wikipedia.org)

Most Australians consume between 150 and 360 milligrams of plant sterols naturally every day, depending on their diet. (heartfoundation.org.au)
Despite the great number of foods that provide plant sterols and stanols, the amount of these nutrients found naturally is insufficient to significantly alter cholesterol levels. (ehow.co.uk)
Because they are found only in small amounts naturally, for years, plant sterols and stanols were thought to be an unattainable nutrient source. (ehow.co.uk)
Plant sterols are naturally-occurring substances present in small amounts in many grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds, according to WebMD. (reference.com)
Stanols occur naturally in wood pulp, tall oil (a by-product of paper manufacturing), and soybean oil, and can also be manufactured from the sterols found in many foods. (memorialhealth.com)
A sterol is actually a subgroup of steroids that occur naturally in both plants and animals and function both as hormones as well as part of the structure in cells. (fitday.com)
Sterols are abundant in all plants, but because of the processing of most foods, naturally occurring sterols are leeched from plants. (prohealth.com)
Plant sterols occur naturally in food and are similar in structure to cholesterol, the HDL fat that is abundant in animal sourced fats. (naturesbest.co.uk)
Although plant sterols are naturally present in vegetable oils and grains, modern diets tend to be low in these important nutrients, and so it may be difficult to always achieve optimum levels from diet alone. (naturesbest.co.uk)
Plant sterols and stanols are naturally occurring substances that come from many fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, cereals and vegetable oils. (howstuffworks.com)

In this study, we have demonstrated that lipin 1 gene (LPIN1) expression is regulated by cellular sterols, which are key regulators of lipid metabolism. (nih.gov)
Choles-Sterol supplies Sytrinol (a patented combination of polymethoxylated flavones from citrus fruit and tocotrienols from palm), plant sterols, and standardized pomegranate extract to help support cardiovascular health and cholesterol metabolism. (nutrichem.com)
In combination with other recent studies, these data highlight the ongoing cross talk between sterol metabolism and the immune system, and they raise the intriguing possibility that targeting oxysterol pathways could serve as a novel therapeutic approach in the war on cancer. (rupress.org)
For a 2007 report published in Nutrition Reviews , for instance, researchers sized up the available research on dietary intake of plant sterols and its impact on cholesterol metabolism. (verywellhealth.com)

A class of dietary sterols present in plants with chemical structures nearly identical to cholesterol. (fpnotebook.com)
They found that many studies demonstrated a reduction in inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein after dietary intake of sterols. (vitalitymagazine.com)
Choles-Sterol may be a useful dietary adjunct for individuals wishing to supplement their diets with a unique formula to help support cholesterol and cardiovascular health. (nutrichem.com)
Effects of lovastatin and dietary cholesterol on sterol homeostasis in healthy human subjects. (jci.org)
In addition to lowering serum LDL cholesterol, lovastatin significantly lowered biliary secretion of cholesterol, fecal output of endogenous neutral sterols, cholesterol balance, and systemic cholesterol input (the sum of cholesterol synthesis and absorbed dietary cholesterol). (jci.org)
When dietary sterol drops below a minimal threshold, larvae arrest growth and development in a reversible manner. (biologists.org)
It has been known for over 70 years that insects are sterol auxotrophs, requiring dietary sources of sterols for their development ( Hobson, 1935a ). (biologists.org)

A study investigating the possible benefit of combining sterols with fish oil found that together they significantly lowered total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, and raised HDL-cholesterol in subjects with undesirable cholesterol profiles. (memorialhealth.com)

[3] [4] Sterols in turn inhibit the cleavage of SREBPs and therefore synthesis of additional sterols is reduced through a negative feed back loop. (wikipedia.org)
Brycki B, Koenig H, Kowalczyk I, Pospieszny T. Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Semiempirical Studies of New Quaternary Alkylammonium Conjugates of Sterols. (mdpi.com)

Do Plant Sterols Help? (consumerlab.com)
In doing so, plant sterols help to reduce circulating levels of cholesterol and lower your levels of LDL ('bad') cholesterol. (verywellhealth.com)

X-ray crystallography of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1A with polydeoxyribonucleotide. (wikipedia.org)
Using a luciferase assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrated that these elements are responsible for the transcription of LPIN1 gene, mediated by SREBP-1 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1) and nuclear factor Y. Furthermore, we investigated whether lipin 1 is involved in lipogenesis by transfection of LPIN1 small interfering RNA. (nih.gov)
The Sterol Homeostasis Pathway complements our catalog of research reagents including antibodies and ELISA kits against LXR, STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN 2, ABCA1, CRP, CYP7A1. (novusbio.com)
We offer Sterol carrier protein 2 Peptides and Sterol carrier protein 2 Proteins for use in common research applications: ELISA, Protein Array, Western Blot. (novusbio.com)
Each Sterol carrier protein 2 Peptide and Sterol carrier protein 2 Protein is fully covered by our Guarantee+, to give you complete peace of mind and the support when you need it. (novusbio.com)
Our Sterol carrier protein 2 Peptides and Sterol carrier protein 2 Proteins can be used in a variety of model species: Human. (novusbio.com)
Choose from our Sterol carrier protein 2 Peptides and Proteins. (novusbio.com)
Vertebrate cells sense membrane sterol levels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) pathway. (biologists.org)
Synthetic peptide within Human Sterol carrier protein 2 aa 1-100 (N terminal). (abcam.com)
also known as sterol carrier protein 2 deficiency. (abcam.com)
Those drinking the OJ with sterols also experienced reductions in C-reactive protein-a key marker of inflammation and risk factor for heart disease. (townhall.com)
By analyzing the cdk8 and cyclin C (cycC) mutant larvae in Drosophila, it was previously reported that the CDK8-CycC complex coordinately regulates lipogenesis by repressing dSREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein)-activated transcription and developmental timing by activating EcR (ecdysone receptor)-dependent gene expression. (sdbonline.org)
Although degeneration of the axon terminal is dependent on neural activity, activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) is both necessary and sufficient to cause synaptic vesicle loss. (sdbonline.org)

Symptom relief has also been achieved with sterol supplementation. (townhall.com)

The relative levels of individual sterols are subject to natural variation. (naturesbest.co.uk)

This also contains 1, 020mg per capsule which is definitely higher than the recommended plant sterols intake. (hubpages.com)
The objective of the study was to examine the influence of aloe sterol intake on skin conditions. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
"The results of this double-blind clinical trial demonstrated that daily oral intake of 40 μg of Aloe sterol significantly increased skin barrier function, skin moisture, and skin elasticity," the researchers wrote. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Furthermore, ultrasonographic results suggested that intake of Aloe sterol increased skin elasticity by increasing the collagen content in the dermis. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
The researchers recommend further histological analysis to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of aloe sterol intake on skin health. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
High intake of total plant sterols explained most of the attenuation in risk of gastric cancer associated with vegetable and fruit intakes. (unboundmedicine.com)

The interactions leading to the formation of a L o phase derive from the ability of sterols to simultaneously inhibit the formation of the gel phase (by intercalating between sphingolipids and preventing their crystallization) and to order saturated acyl chains. (pnas.org)
The sterols can also inhibit the general response that chronic diseases and inflammation cause, helping users fight off a variety of problems. (reference.com)

It is not essential to take plant stanols or sterols to help manage your cholesterol. (uk.com)

Plant sterols reduce LDL cholesterol in statin users. (greenmedinfo.com)

Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins ( SREBPs ) are transcription factors that bind to the sterol regulatory element DNA sequence TCACNCCAC. (wikipedia.org)
These proteins work with asymmetric sterol regulatory element (StRE). (wikipedia.org)
The steroidogenic acute regulatory-related lipid-transfer (START) family of proteins is involved in several pathways of nonvesicular trafficking of sterols. (nih.gov)
Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulatory role of sterols in plant development has not been revealed. (plantphysiol.org)
The regulatory function of sterols in plant development is further supported by a phenocopy of the fk mutant using a sterol C-14 reductase inhibitor, fenpropimorph. (plantphysiol.org)

Cells with free-sterol concentrations below the maximal level were capable of accumulating free sterol from the medium. (asm.org)

Sterol benefits In the double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over study, a group of 24-70 year-olds were fed Mars Inc sterol-imbued CocoaVia chocolate bars and, as part of a balanced diet, it was found that total cholesterol was lowered by two per cent and LDL cholesterol by 5.3 per cent. (nutraingredients.com)
Women who consumed aloe sterol-fortified yogurt daily over 12 weeks revealed statistical differences in skin elasticity, skin moisture, collagen score, and transepidermal water loss, compared to a placebo, says a new study from Japan. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
A total of 64 healthy adult Japanese women aged between 30 and 59 were randomly divided into two equal groups and assigned to consume either placebo or the aloe sterol drink. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
But the forearm skin hydration levels of the aloe sterol group were significantly greater than placebo at weeks 4, 8, and 12. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Skin elasticity increased for the aloe sterol group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, while the placebo group experienced lower elasticity at weeks 8 and 12. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Images of the aloe sterol group showed expansion of high collagen score regions in the tested area compared to the placebo group. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Over six weeks, half were randomly assigned to take inactive placebo pills while the rest took sterol tablets. (medindia.net)
Another study, that investigated the efficacy of plant sterols in capsule form, found that, compared to placebo, participants taking the supplement had a 7% reduction in LDL by week three. (townhall.com)
The 26 study participants were either given the sterol pill or a placebo, to be taken twice daily along with meals, for a period of 6 weeks. (bio-medicine.org)

In cells with low levels of sterols, SREBPs are cleaved to a water-soluble N-terminal domain that is translocated to the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
However, people at high risk of heart disease, especially those with high blood cholesterol levels, may benefit from eating foods that have added (fortified) plant stanols and sterols. (uk.com)
It is unlikely that people with 'normal' levels of cholesterol will benefit from including plant stanols and sterols fortified foods. (uk.com)
Some food products in Australia are fortified with plant sterols so they have higher levels. (heartfoundation.org.au)
Adult Australians, with high absolute risk , can include plant sterols to assist with lowering LDL cholesterol levels. (heartfoundation.org.au)
For those looking to reduce cholesterol levels, consuming plant sterols and stanols may be an alternative to medication. (ehow.co.uk)
Soybeans and wheat germ also have plant sterols and stanols, and corn oil contains the highest levels of the nutrients. (ehow.co.uk)
Many studies have shown that plant sterols and stanols can help lower levels of LDL 'bad' cholesterol. (consumerlab.com)
Many studies have shown that taking plant sterols with meals can lower levels of LDL "bad" cholesterol. (consumerlab.com)
A new study found that adding EPA and DHA from fish oil to a spread containing plant sterols is not a problem and may provide additional benefit for those with high cholesterol levels. (consumerlab.com)
Cholesterol levels are increased in STARD4-silenced cells, while sterol transport to the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) and to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are enhanced upon STARD4 overexpression. (nih.gov)
LDL, which is the most harmful type of cholesterol, was especially positively affected by the appearance of sterols in the body, and LDL levels drop when sterols are present. (reference.com)
Published in the March edition of the Journal of Nutrition, the researchers from the University of Illinois, in conjunction with Mars Inc, compared groups eating sterol and non-sterol fortified chocolate with only those eating sterol chocolate registering significantly lower levels of cholesterol. (nutraingredients.com)
Plant sterols have been in the news lately, after studies showed that they lower blood cholesterol levels in humans. (vitalitymagazine.com)
The plant sterols also lowered levels of non-HDL cholesterol, which can also contribute to heart disease. (medindia.net)
A , LPIN1 mRNA levels were normalized to those of 36B4 mRNA and are expressed relative to the normalized values of cells in cultured sterol-containing medium, set at 1. (nih.gov)
As part of your healthy diet you may want to include foods fortified with plant stanols and sterols, which actively help to reduce blood cholesterol levels. (boots.com)
We already knew that adding plant sterols to a juice could lower 'bad' cholesterol levels. (ucdavis.edu)
A combination of low dose omega-3s and plant sterols can effectively reduce both cholesterol and triglyceride levels in people with elevated cholesterol levels, says a new study that should allay fears over omega-3s negating the effects of sterols. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
There probably are some people who have very mild abnormalities in cholesterol who could get by with a sterol supplement alone, but people with higher cholesterol levels will need medication, too. (medindia.net)
The levels of both BR and sterols were reduced in fk mutants. (plantphysiol.org)
When sterol availability is restricted, Drosophila larvae modulate their growth to maintain membrane sterol levels within tight limits. (biologists.org)
Strikingly, membrane sterol levels in arrested larvae are dramatically reduced (dropping sixfold on average) in most tissues except the nervous system. (biologists.org)
In tissues in which sterol levels drop, the overall level of sphingolipids increases and the proportion of different sphingolipid variants is altered. (biologists.org)
These changes allow survival, but not growth, when membrane sterol levels are low. (biologists.org)
Could an animal that does not synthesize sterols reliably accumulate sufficiently high levels to maintain membrane biophysical properties? (biologists.org)
Let's first look at how sterols improve cholesterol levels. (townhall.com)
Plant sterols/stanols contribute to normal blood cholesterol levels. (hellenia.co.uk)
It has been recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program that those with high cholesterol levels consume a sterol rich diet to lower the associated cardiovascular disease. (bio-medicine.org)

The formation of a liquid-ordered phase depends crucially on the ordering properties of sterols. (pnas.org)
These similarities inspired the hypothesis that hopanoids are bacterial sterol surrogates ( 9 ) and led us to examine whether hopanoids might share the properties of sterols in membranes. (pnas.org)

has a nutritional requirement for sterols. (sciencemag.org)

A sterol is a solid complex alcohol derived from animals and plants. (paulaschoice.com)
From the morphological point of view, the classification of marine sponges is a complex procedure and it is facilitated with the use of chemotaxonomic information based on the composition of its sterols. (worldwidescience.org)
I have recently cycled off a prohormone (hemaguno) and was looking at using this universal sterol complex. (anabolicminds.com)
I like all of the antioxidants in the sterol complex and figured it was worth a shot. (anabolicminds.com)

Legumes are a good source of plant sterols. (hubpages.com)

Plant sterols and sterolins are natural substances found in all fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. (prohealth.com)

Additionally, a healthy diet of sterols can improve general immune system functions, and introducing more sterols into the body's system supercharges the activity of immune cells. (reference.com)
Sterols have been shown to enhance immune function and support the body's inflammation response. (prohealth.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms2

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs61

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

A critical role for cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) as a Co-activator in sterol-regulated transcription of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase promoter. (1/1766)

Comparison of synthetic saponin cholesterol absorption inhibitors in rabbits: evidence for a non-stoichiometric, intestinal mechanism of action. (2/1766)

High-affinity binding of very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters to the peroxisomal non-specific lipid-transfer protein (sterol carrier protein-2). (3/1766)

Serum sterols during stanol ester feeding in a mildly hypercholesterolemic population. (4/1766)

Characterization of phosphomevalonate kinase: chromosomal localization, regulation, and subcellular targeting. (5/1766)

Association of sterol- and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins with Drosophila raft lipid microdomains. (6/1766)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia impair lipoprotein metabolism in chronic hemodialysis patients. (7/1766)

The interaction of lipodepsipeptide toxins from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae with biological and model membranes: a comparison of syringotoxin, syringomycin, and two syringopeptins. (8/1766)

Sterols

Sterol 14-Demethylase

Phytosterols

Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1

Ergosterol

Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2

Stigmasterol

Cholestadienols

Cholesterol

Lanosterol

Desmosterol

Cholestenes

Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins

Dehydrocholesterols

Squalene

Cholestanes

Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase

Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases

Hydroxycholesterols

Sterol O-Acyltransferase

Mevalonic Acid

CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins

Steroid Isomerases

Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous

Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

Triparanol

Bile Acids and Salts

Chromatography, Gas

trans-1,4-Bis(2-chlorobenzaminomethyl)cyclohexane Dihydrochloride

Esters

Cholestenones

Xanthomatosis

Oxidoreductases

Liver

Azoles

Steroid Hydroxylases

Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase

Lipids

Lovastatin

Chromatography, Thin Layer

Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase

Cholestyramine Resin

Esterification

Filipin

Lipid Metabolism

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters

Anticholesteremic Agents

Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System

Cholesterol, Dietary

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Cholestanols

Lipoproteins

Acetates

Fatty Acids

14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Fungicides, Industrial

Ketocholesterols

Sterol Esterase

Membrane Lipids

Transcription Factors

Intestinal Absorption

Steroids

Receptors, LDL

DNA-Binding Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Antifungal Agents

Nystatin

Carrier Proteins

Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase

Phospholipids

Feces

Cricetinae

Steroid 12-alpha-Hydroxylase

A critical role for cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) as a Co-activator in sterol-regulated transcription of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase promoter. (1/1766)

Comparison of synthetic saponin cholesterol absorption inhibitors in rabbits: evidence for a non-stoichiometric, intestinal mechanism of action. (2/1766)

High-affinity binding of very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters to the peroxisomal non-specific lipid-transfer protein (sterol carrier protein-2). (3/1766)

Serum sterols during stanol ester feeding in a mildly hypercholesterolemic population. (4/1766)