Sterols
Sterol 14-Demethylase
An NADPH-dependent P450 enzyme that plays an essential role in the sterol biosynthetic pathway by catalyzing the demethylation of 14-methyl sterols such as lanosterol. The enzyme acts via the repeated hydroxylation of the 14-methyl group, resulting in its stepwise conversion into an alcohol, an aldehyde and then a carboxylate, which is removed as formic acid. Sterol 14-demethylase is an unusual cytochrome P450 enzyme in that it is found in a broad variety of organisms including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and protozoa.
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1
Ergosterol
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2
Cholesterol
Lanosterol
Cholestenes
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins
Dehydrocholesterols
Cholestanes
Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase
Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases
Sterol O-Acyltransferase
CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins
A class of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to bind the DNA sequence CCAAT. The typical CCAAT-enhancer binding protein forms dimers and consists of an activation domain, a DNA-binding basic region, and a leucine-rich dimerization domain (LEUCINE ZIPPERS). CCAAT-BINDING FACTOR is structurally distinct type of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein consisting of a trimer of three different subunits.
Steroid Isomerases
Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous
An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder due to mutation of the gene CYP27A1 encoding a CHOLESTANETRIOL 26-MONOOXYGENASE. It is characterized by large deposits of CHOLESTEROL and CHOLESTANOL in various tissues resulting in xanthomatous swelling of tendons, early CATARACT, and progressive neurological symptoms.
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
An autosomal recessive disorder of CHOLESTEROL metabolism. It is caused by a deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the enzyme that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, leading to an abnormally low plasma cholesterol. This syndrome is characterized by multiple CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES, growth deficiency, and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY.
Triparanol
Bile Acids and Salts
Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.
Chromatography, Gas
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
trans-1,4-Bis(2-chlorobenzaminomethyl)cyclohexane Dihydrochloride
Cholestenones
Xanthomatosis
A condition marked by the development of widespread xanthomas, yellow tumor-like structures filled with lipid deposits. Xanthomas can be found in a variety of tissues including the SKIN; TENDONS; joints of KNEES and ELBOWS. Xanthomatosis is associated with disturbance of LIPID METABOLISM and formation of FOAM CELLS.
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Liver
Steroid Hydroxylases
Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase
The first committed enzyme of the biosynthesis pathway that leads to the production of STEROLS. it catalyzes the synthesis of SQUALENE from farnesyl pyrophosphate via the intermediate PRESQUALENE PYROPHOSPHATE. This enzyme is also a critical branch point enzyme in the biosynthesis of ISOPRENOIDS that is thought to regulate the flux of isoprene intermediates through the sterol pathway.
Lipids
A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Lovastatin
A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase
Cholestyramine Resin
Esterification
The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes.
Filipin
Lipid Metabolism
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Cholestanols
Lipoproteins
Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.
Acetates
Fatty Acids
14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Fungicides, Industrial
Ketocholesterols
Sterol Esterase
Membrane Lipids
Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.
Transcription Factors
Steroids
A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Receptors, LDL
Receptors on the plasma membrane of nonhepatic cells that specifically bind LDL. The receptors are localized in specialized regions called coated pits. Hypercholesteremia is caused by an allelic genetic defect of three types: 1, receptors do not bind to LDL; 2, there is reduced binding of LDL; and 3, there is normal binding but no internalization of LDL. In consequence, entry of cholesterol esters into the cell is impaired and the intracellular feedback by cholesterol on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase is lacking.
DNA-Binding Proteins
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Antifungal Agents
Nystatin
Carrier Proteins
Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase
Phospholipids
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.
Feces
Cricetinae
Steroid 12-alpha-Hydroxylase
A liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 12-alpha-hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of sterols in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP8B1gene, converts 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one to 7-alpha-12-alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and is required in the synthesis of BILE ACIDS from cholesterol.
A critical role for cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) as a Co-activator in sterol-regulated transcription of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase promoter. (1/1766)
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase, a key regulatory enzyme in the pathway for endogenous cholesterol synthesis, is a target for negative feedback regulation by cholesterol. When cellular sterol levels are low, the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are released from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, allowing them to translocate to the nucleus and activate SREBP target genes. However, in all SREBP-regulated promoters studied to date, additional co-regulatory transcription factors are required for sterol-regulated activation of transcription. We have previously shown that, in addition to SREBPs, NF-Y/CBF is required for sterol-regulated transcription of HMG-CoA synthase. This heterotrimeric transcription factor has recently been shown to function as a co-regulator in several other SREBP-regulated promoters, as well. In addition to cis-acting sites for both SREBP and NF-Y/CBF, the sterol regulatory region of the synthase promoter also contains a consensus cAMP response element (CRE), an element that binds members of the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors. Here, we show that this consensus CRE is essential for sterol-regulated transcription of the synthase promoter. Using in vitro binding assays, we also demonstrate that CREB binds to this CRE, and mutations within the CRE that result in a loss of CREB binding also result in a loss of sterol-regulated transcription. We further show that efficient activation of the synthase promoter in Drosophila SL2 cells requires the simultaneous expression of all three factors: SREBPs, NF-Y/CBF, and CREB. To date this is the first promoter shown to require CREB for efficient sterol-regulated transcription, and to require two different co-regulatory factors in addition to SREBPs for maximal activation. (+info)Comparison of synthetic saponin cholesterol absorption inhibitors in rabbits: evidence for a non-stoichiometric, intestinal mechanism of action. (2/1766)
The hypocholesterolemic activities of pamaqueside and tiqueside, two structurally similar saponins, were evaluated in cholesterol-fed rabbits. The pharmacological profiles of the saponins were virtually identical: both dose-dependently decreased the intestinal absorption of labeled cholesterol 25-75%, increased fecal neutral sterol excretion up to 2.5-fold, and decreased hepatic cholesterol content 10-55%. High doses of pamaqueside (>5 mg/kg) or tiqueside (>125 mg/kg) completely prevented hypercholesterolemia. Decreases in plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels were strongly correlated with increased neutral sterol excretion. Ratios of neutral sterol excreted to pamaqueside administered were greater than 1:1 at all doses, in opposition to the formation of a stoichiometric complex previously suggested for tiqueside and other saponins. Ratios in tiqueside-treated rabbits were less than unity, a reflection of its lower potency. Pamaqueside-treated rabbits exhibited a more rapid decline in plasma cholesterol concentrations than control animals fed a cholesterol-free diet, indicating that the compound also inhibited the absorption of biliary cholesterol. Intravenous administration of pamaqueside had no effect on plasma cholesterol levels despite plasma levels twice those observed in rabbits given pamaqueside orally. These data indicate that pamaqueside and tiqueside induce hypocholesterolemia by blocking lumenal cholesterol absorption via a mechanism that apparently differs from the stoichiometric complexation of cholesterol hypothesized for other saponins. (+info)High-affinity binding of very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters to the peroxisomal non-specific lipid-transfer protein (sterol carrier protein-2). (3/1766)
Binding of fluorescent fatty acids to bovine liver non-specific lipid-transfer protein (nsL-TP) was assessed by measuring fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the single tryptophan residue of nsL-TP and the fluorophore. Upon addition of pyrene dodecanoic acid (Pyr-C12) and cis-parinaric acid to nsL-TP, FRET was observed indicating that these fatty acids were accommodated in the lipid binding site closely positioned to the tryptophan residue. Substantial binding was observed only when these fatty acids were presented in the monomeric form complexed to beta-cyclodextrin. As shown by time-resolved fluorescence measurements, translocation of Pyr-C12 from the Pyr-C12-beta-cyclodextrin complex to nsL-TP changed dramatically the direct molecular environment of the pyrene moiety: i.e. the fluorescence lifetime of the directly excited pyrene increased at least by 25% and a distinct rotational correlation time of 7 ns was observed. In order to evaluate the affinity of nsL-TP for intermediates of the beta-oxidation pathway, a binding assay was developed based on the ability of fatty acyl derivatives to displace Pyr-C12 from the lipid binding site as reflected by the reduction of FRET. Hexadecanoyl-CoA and 2-hexadecenoyl-CoA were found to bind readily to nsL-TP, whereas 3-hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA and 3-ketohexadecanoyl-CoA bound poorly. The highest affinities were observed for the very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters (24:0-CoA, 26:0-CoA) and their enoyl derivatives (24:1-CoA, 26:1-CoA). Binding of non-esterified hexadecanoic acid and tetracosanoic acid (24:0) was negligible. (+info)Serum sterols during stanol ester feeding in a mildly hypercholesterolemic population. (4/1766)
We investigated the changes of cholesterol and non-cholesterol sterol metabolism during plant stanol ester margarine feeding in 153 hypercholesterolemic subjects. Rapeseed oil (canola oil) margarine without (n = 51) and with (n = 102) stanol (2 or 3 g/day) ester was used for 1 year. Serum sterols were analyzed with gas-liquid chromatography. The latter showed a small increase in sitostanol peak during stanol ester margarine eating. Cholestanol, campesterol, and sitosterol proportions to cholesterol were significantly reduced by 5-39% (P < 0.05 or less for all) by stanol esters; the higher their baseline proportions the higher were their reductions. The precursor sterol proportions were significantly increased by 10- 46%, and their high baseline levels predicted low reduction of serum cholesterol. The decrease of the scheduled stanol dose from 3 to 2 g/day after 6-month feeding increased serum cholesterol by 5% (P < 0. 001) and serum plant sterol proportions by 8-13% (P < 0.001), but had no consistent effect on precursor sterols. In twelve subjects, the 12-month level of LDL cholesterol exceeded that of baseline; the non-cholesterol sterol proportions suggested that stimulated synthesis with relatively weak absorption inhibition contributed to the non-responsiveness of these subjects. In conclusion, plant stanol ester feeding lowers serum cholesterol in about 88% of subjects, decreases the non-cholesterol sterols that reflect cholesterol absorption, increases the sterols that reflect cholesterol synthesis, but also slightly increases serum plant stanols. Low synthesis and high absorption efficiency of cholesterol results in the greatest benefit from stanol ester consumption. (+info)Characterization of phosphomevalonate kinase: chromosomal localization, regulation, and subcellular targeting. (5/1766)
Phosphomevalonate kinase catalyzes the conversion of mevalonate-5-phosphate to mevalonate-5-diphosphate and was originally believed to be a cytosolic enzyme. In this study we have localized the phosphomevalonate kinase gene to chromosome 1p13-1q22-23 and present a genomic map indicating that the gene spans more than 8.4 kb in the human genome. Furthermore, we show that message levels and enzyme activity of rat liver phosphomevalonate kinase are regulated in response to dietary sterol levels and that this regulation is coordinate with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. In addition, we demonstrate that phosphomevalonate kinase is a peroxisomal protein which requires the C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal, Ser-Arg-Leu, for localization to the organelle. (+info)Association of sterol- and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins with Drosophila raft lipid microdomains. (6/1766)
In vertebrates, the formation of raft lipid microdomains plays an important part in both polarized protein sorting and signal transduction. To establish a system in which raft-dependent processes could be studied genetically, we have analyzed the protein and lipid composition of these microdomains in Drosophila melanogaster. Using mass spectrometry, we identified the phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols present in Drosophila membranes. Despite chemical differences between Drosophila and mammalian lipids, their structure suggests that the biophysical properties that allow raft formation have been preserved. Consistent with this, we have identified a detergent-insoluble fraction of Drosophila membranes that, like mammalian rafts, is rich in sterol, sphingolipids, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins. We show that the sterol-linked Hedgehog N-terminal fragment associates specifically with this detergent-insoluble membrane fraction. Our findings demonstrate that raft formation is preserved across widely separated phyla in organisms with different lipid structures. They further suggest sterol modification as a novel mechanism for targeting proteins to raft membranes and raise the possibility that signaling and polarized intracellular transport of Hedgehog are based on raft association. (+info)Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia impair lipoprotein metabolism in chronic hemodialysis patients. (7/1766)
Patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing chronic hemodialysis treatment have the worst outcome on dialysis due to an increased rate of cardiovascular complications. Nearly all patients present with dyslipidemia, a prominent vascular risk factor, probably responsible for the high rate of vascular injury. Since both uremia and diabetes predispose to hypertriglyceridemia, the present study was conducted to investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus and/or hypertriglyceridemia on lipoprotein metabolism in hemodialysis patients. LDL was isolated and characterized from hyper- and normotriglyceridemic diabetic and nondiabetic hemodialysis patients (n = 40; 10 in each group); also, LDL-receptor-dependent uptake and intracellular cholesterol metabolism were studied in HepG2 cells. In addition, scavenger-receptor-mediated uptake was examined in mouse peritoneal macrophages. LDL isolated from nondiabetic normotriglyceridemic hemodialysis patients exhibited impaired cellular uptake via the LDL receptor. Additionally, intracellular sterol synthesis was less inhibited and cholesterol esterification was reduced compared with LDL from healthy control subjects. Reduction of catabolic capacities was more marked in hemodialysis patients who were either diabetic or hypertriglyceridemic and even more pronounced in patients presenting with a combination of both diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. Hypertriglyceridemic and diabetic patients showed reduced lipase activity and increased LDL oxidation. Furthermore, they accumulated a fraction of small, dense LDL, and LDL was predominantly taken up via the scavenger-receptor pathway in peritoneal macrophages. This study elucidates the distinct influence of diabetes and/or hypertriglyceridemia in hemodialysis patients on cellular LDL metabolism via specific and nonspecific metabolic pathways. Furthermore, it underscores the cumulative impact of these pathologic entities on impairment of lipoprotein metabolism and increase of cardiovascular risk. (+info)The interaction of lipodepsipeptide toxins from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae with biological and model membranes: a comparison of syringotoxin, syringomycin, and two syringopeptins. (8/1766)
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae produces two groups of cyclic lipodepsipeptides (LDPs): the nona-peptides syringomycins, syringostatins, and syringotoxin (ST), and the more complex syringopeptins composed of either 22 or 25 amino acid residues (SP22 and SP25). Both classes of peptides significantly contribute to bacterial pathogenesis and their primary target of action seems to be the plasma membrane. We studied and compared the activity of some members of these two classes of LDPs on red blood cells and on model membranes (monolayers and unilamellar vesicles). All peptides induced red blood cell hemolysis. The mechanism was apparently that of a colloid-osmotic shock caused by the formation of pores, as it could be prevented by osmoticants of adequate size. Application of the Renkin equation indicated a radius of approximately 1 nm for the lesions formed by syringopeptins SP22A and SP25A, whereas those formed by syringomycin E (SRE) had a variable, dose-dependent size ranging from 0.7 up to 1.7 nm. All tested LDPs displayed surface activity, forming peptide monolayers with average molecular areas of 1.2 nm2 (SRE), 1.5 nm2 (SP22A), and 1.3 nm2 (SP25A). They also partitioned into preformed lipid monolayers occupying molecular areas that ranged from 0.6 to 1.7 nm2 depending on the peptide and the lipid composition of the film. These LDPs formed channels in lipid vesicles as indicated by the release of an entrapped fluorescent dye (calcein). The extent of permeabilization was dependent on the concentration of the peptide and the composition of the lipid vesicles, with a preference for those containing a sterol. From the dose dependence of the permeabilization it was inferred that LDPs increased membrane permeability by forming oligomeric channels containing from four to seven monomers. On average, syringopeptin oligomers were smaller than SRE and ST oligomers. (+info)
Involvement of heme biosynthesis in control of sterol uptake by Sacch by T A. Lewis, F R. Taylor et al.
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plant sterols
Stigmasterol-rich plant sterols
... is a food additive. It is a mixture derived from soybeans that consists of the plant sterols ... "Scientific Opinion on the safety of stigmasterol-rich plant sterols as food additive". EFSA Journal. 10 (5): 2659. doi:10.2903/ ...
Sterol
While technically alcohols, sterols are classified by biochemists as lipids (fats in the broader sense of the term). Sterols of ... Sterols are common components of human skin oils. Phytosterols, more commonly known as plant sterols, have been shown in ... Sterol is an organic compound with formula C 17H 28O, whose molecule is derived from that of gonane by replacement of a ... Ergosterol is a sterol present in the cell membrane of fungi, where it serves a role similar to cholesterol in animal cells. ...
Sterol esterase
The enzyme sterol esterase (EC 3.1.1.13) catalyzes the reaction a sterol ester + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } a ... Okawa Y, Yamaguchi T (May 1977). "Studies on sterol-ester hydrolase from Fusarium oxysporum. I Partial purification and ... sterol ester hydrolase, cholesterol ester hydrolase, cholesterase, and acylcholesterol lipase. This enzyme participates in bile ... sterol + a fatty acid This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The ...
Sterol ester
... s are a heterogeneous group of chemical compounds. They are created when the hydroxyl group of a sterol and a fatty ... Plant sterol esters have been shown to reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in blood when ingested. ... Plant sterol esters used for dietary supplements are made from phytosterols and fatty acids also derived from plants. They are ... Katan MB, Grundy SM, Jones P, Law M, Miettinen T, Paoletti R (2003). "Efficacy and safety of plant stanols and sterols in the ...
Sterol O-acyltransferase
Sterol Acyltransferase (PSAT). A recent study shows that PSAT is involved in the regulation of the pool of free sterols and the ... "Cellular sterol ester synthesis in plants is performed by an enzyme (phospholipid:sterol acyltransferase) different from the ... In plants cellular sterol ester synthesis is performed by an enzyme different from mammalian ACAT and yeast ASAT; it is ... Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase EC 2.3.1.26, more simply referred to as ACAT, also known as sterol O-acyltransferase ( ...
Sterol-sensing domain
... which regulates transcription of genes with sterol response elements by proteolytically activating sterol regulatory element- ... A sterol-sensing domain (SSD) is a protein domain which consists of 180 amino acids forming five transmembrane segments capable ... Sterol-sensing domains are present in various proteins involved in key aspects of cholesterol homeostasis and signalling. ... Kuwabara, PE; Labouesse, M (April 2002). "The sterol-sensing domain: multiple families, a unique role?". Trends in Genetics. 18 ...
Sterol 14-demethylase
... and other types of sterols in plants. These sterols localize to the plasma membrane of cells, where they play an important ... In enzymology, a sterol 14-demethylase (EC 1.14.13.70) is an enzyme of the Cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily. It is any member ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is sterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (14-methyl cleaving). Other names in common use ... Becher R, Wirsel SG (August 2012). "Fungal cytochrome P450 sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) and azole resistance in plant and ...
Delta14-sterol reductase
In enzymology, a Delta14-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.70) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha- ... Bottema CK, Parks LW (1978). "Delta14-sterol reductase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 531 (3): 301-7. ...
Sterol 3beta-glucosyltransferase
Other names in common use include UDPG:sterol glucosyltransferase, UDP-glucose-sterol beta-glucosyltransferase, sterol:UDPG ... sterol glucosyltransferase, sterol-beta-D-glucosyltransferase, and UDP-glucose-sterol glucosyltransferase. Duperon R; Duperon P ... a sterol 3-beta-D-glucoside Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and sterol, whereas its two products are ... 1987). "Intracellular-localization of UDP-glucose-sterol glucosyl transferase and UDP-galactose-sterol galactosyl transferase ...
Sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase
... may refer to: 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol 12alpha-hydroxylase, an enzyme 7alpha- ...
Delta24-sterol reductase
In enzymology, a Delta24-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.72) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5alpha-cholest-7-en- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is sterol:NADP+ Delta24-oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called lanosterol Delta24- ...
Sterol carrier protein
... s in SCOP SCP-2 sterol transfer family in Pfam UMich Orientation of Proteins in Membranes families/ ... This domain is involved in binding sterols. The human sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) is a basic protein that is believed to ... Sterol carrier proteins (also known as nonspecific lipid transfer proteins) is a family of proteins that transfer steroids and ... superfamily-144 sterol+carrier+proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article ...
Sterol-C5-desaturase-like
"Entrez Gene: SC5DL sterol-C5-desaturase (ERG3 delta-5-desaturase homolog, S. cerevisiae)-like". Shefer S, Salen G, Batta AK, et ... Lathosterol oxidase is a Delta7-sterol 5(6)-desaturase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SC5D gene. This gene encodes an ... Nishi S, Nishino H, Ishibashi T (2000). "cDNA cloning of the mammalian sterol C5-desaturase and the expression in yeast mutant ... Sugawara T, Fujimoto Y, Ishibashi T (2001). "Molecular cloning and structural analysis of human sterol C5 desaturase". Biochim ...
Triacylglycerol-sterol O-acyltransferase
This enzyme is also called triacylglycerol:sterol acyltransferase. Zimowski J, Wojciechowski ZA (1981). "Acyl donors for sterol ... In enzymology, a triacylglycerol---sterol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.77) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ...
Delta24(241)-sterol reductase
Other names in common use include sterol Delta24(28)-methylene reductase, and sterol Delta24(28)-reductase. This enzyme ... In enzymology, a Delta24(241)-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.71) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ergosterol + ... Zweytick D, Hrastnik C, Kohlwein SD, Daum G (2000). "Biochemical characterization and subcellular localization of the sterol C- ... Neal WD, Parks LW (1977). "Sterol 24(28) methylene reductase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". J. Bacteriol. 129 (3): 1375-8. PMC ...
C-5 sterol desaturase
Delta 7-Sterol-C5-desaturase (STE1/DWARF7), Delta 5, 7-sterol-Delta 7-reductase (DWARF5) and Delta 24-sterol-Delta 24-reductase ... C-5 sterol desaturase (also known as sterol C-5 desaturase and C5SD) is an enzyme that is highly conserved among eukaryotes and ... C-5 sterol desaturase couples sterol oxidation to the oxidation of NAD(P)H and the reduction of molecular oxygen. Either NADH ... C-5 sterol desaturase catalyzes an intermediate step in the synthesis of major sterols. The particular biosynthetic pathway ...
Sterol 24-C-methyltransferase
... sterol Delta24-methyltransferase, SMT1, 24-sterol C-methyltransferase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine:Delta24(23)-sterol ... "Two families of sterol methyltransferases are involved in the first and the second methylation steps of plant sterol ... In enzymology, a sterol 24-C-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.41) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S-adenosyl-L- ... Moore JT, Gaylor JL (1969). "Isolation and purification of an S-adenosylmethionine: delta 24-sterol methyltransferase from ...
Diacylglycerol-sterol O-acyltransferase
... sterol ester Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol and sterol, whereas its two products are ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:sterol O-acyltransferase. This enzyme is also called 1,2- ... In enzymology, a diacylglycerol-sterol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.73) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 1,2- ... Garcia RE; Mudd JB (1981). "1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol:sterol acyl transferase from spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.)". Methods ...
Phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase
... a sterol ester Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are phosphatidylcholine and sterol, whereas its two products are 1- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is phosphatidylcholine:sterol O-acyltransferase. Other names in common use include ... In enzymology, a phosphatidylcholine---sterol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... Bartlett K, Keat MJ, Mercer EI (1974). "Biosynthesis of sterol esters in Phycomyces blakesleeanus". Phytochemistry. 13: 1107- ...
Δ7-sterol 5(6)-desaturase
Other names in common use include: lathosterol oxidase Δ7-sterol Δ5-dehydrogenase Δ7-sterol 5-desaturase Δ7-sterol-C5(6)- ... Its three products are Δ5,7-sterol, ferricytochrome b5, and H2O. This enzyme is one of C-5 sterol desaturases, belongs to the ... In enzymology, a Δ7-sterol 5(6)-desaturase (EC 1.14.19.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Δ7-sterol + 2 ... Taton M, Rahier A (1996). "Plant sterol biosynthesis: identification and characterization of higher plant Δ7-sterol C5(6)- ...
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein
Sterols in turn inhibit the cleavage of SREBPs and therefore synthesis of additional sterols is reduced through a negative feed ... Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that bind to the sterol regulatory element DNA ... When sterol levels are low, INSIG and SCAP no longer bind. Then, SCAP undergoes a conformational change that exposes a portion ... In the presence of sterols, which bind to INSIG and SCAP, INSIG and SCAP also bind one another. INSIG always stays in the ER ...
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) also known as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 ( ... Ericsson J, Edwards PA (Jul 1998). "CBP is required for sterol-regulated and sterol regulatory element-binding protein- ... "Entrez Gene: SREBF1 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1". Eberlé D, Hegarty B, Bossard P, Ferré P, ... Sterols inhibit the cleavage of the precursor, and the mature nuclear form is rapidly catabolized, thereby reducing ...
Sterol-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
In enzymology, a sterol-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.170) is an enzyme that catalyzes the ... Brady DR, Crowder RD, Hayes WJ (1980). "Mixed function oxidases in sterol metabolism. Source of reducing equivalents". J. Biol ... Rahimtula AD, Gaylor JL (1972). "Partial purification of a microsomal sterol 4 -carboxylic acid decarboxylase". J. Biol. Chem. ... and sterol 4alpha-carboxylic decarboxylase. This enzyme participates in biosynthesis of steroids. ...
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2
... (SREBP-2) also known as sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 ( ... Sato R, Inoue J, Kawabe Y, Kodama T, Takano T, Maeda M (Oct 1996). "Sterol-dependent transcriptional regulation of sterol ... "Cleavage site for sterol-regulated protease localized to a leu-Ser bond in the lumenal loop of sterol regulatory element- ... "Entrez Gene: SREBF2 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2". Qiu XM, Jin CT, Wang W (Apr 2014). "Association ...
Marker degradation
Marker, Russell E.; Rohrmann, Ewald (1939), "Sterols. LIII. The Structure of the Side Chain of Sarsasapogenin", J. Am. Chem. ... Marker, Russell E.; Tsukamoto, Takeo; Turner, D. L. (1940), "Sterols. C. Diosgenin", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 62 (9): 2525-32, doi: ... 281-83, ISBN 978-0-470-74167-2. Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The Preparation of Trillin and ... Marker, Russell E.; Rohrmann, Ewald (1939), "Sterols. LXXXI. Conversion of Sarsasapogenin to Pregnanediol-3(α),20(α)", J. Am. ...
Diosgenin
"2950 Diosgenin". Retrieved 2007-05-29.[permanent dead link] Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The ...
Yam (vegetable)
Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The Preparation of Trillin and its Conversion to Progesterone". ...
Steroid
Sterols are forms of steroids with a hydroxy group at position three and a skeleton derived from cholestane.: 1785f Steroids ... Schroepfer GJ (1981). "Sterol biosynthesis". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 50: 585-621. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181. ... ISBN 978-1-4020-9774-4. Conner AH, Nagaoka M, Rowe JW, Perlman D (August 1976). "Microbial conversion of tall oil sterols to ... Desmond E, Gribaldo S (2009). "Phylogenomics of sterol synthesis: insights into the origin, evolution, and diversity of a key ...
Progesterone
Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The Preparation of Trillin and its Conversion to Progesterone". J ...
16-Dehydropregnenolone acetate
Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The Preparation of Trillin and its Conversion to Progesterone". J ...
Corazonas claims first with sterol-containing chips
Functional snack company Corazonas is launching potato chips containing plant sterols for cholesterol reduction, and claims to ... Corazonas claims first with sterol-containing chips. By Jess Halliday 04-Jan-2008. - Last updated on 19-Jul-2008 at 21:49. GMT ... Plant sterols have most commonly been used in dairy products, such as yoghurt shots, margarine spreads, and juice drinks. Last ... containing plant sterols for cholesterol reduction, and claims to be the first manufacturer to take the healthy ingredient into ...
Sterols and Stanols: What to Know
What are sterols and stanols, and how can they lower your cholesterol? Find out what foods theyre in and who can benefit most ... Sterols and stanols also come as dietary supplements. Though taking supplements is better than getting no sterols or stanols in ... How to Get Sterols and Stanols. According to the National Cholesterol Education Program, you need 2 grams of plant sterols and ... Sterols, Stanols, and Cholesterol. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that your liver makes. It protects nerves and makes cell ...
STEROLS AND STANOLS STAND TOUGH
... Fruits and vegetables contain health-promoting compounds called phytosterols, specifically ... 1. Law M. Plant sterol and stanol margarines and health. BMJ 2000;320:861-4. 2. Vanhanen HT, et al. Serum cholesterol, ... In results of a recent meta-analysis, plant sterols and stanols lowered LDL cholesterol concentrations in a dose-dependent way ... and cholesterol including two servings of foods containing plant sterol or stanol esters supplying at least 1.3 plant sterols ...
Sterol - Wikipedia
Sterols of plants are called phytosterols and sterols of animals are called zoosterols. The most important zoosterol is ... Sterol is an organic compound with formula C. 17H. 28O, whose molecule is derived from that of gonane by replacement of a ... Sterols are a subgroup of steroids with a hydroxyl group at the 3-position of the A-ring.[7] They are amphipathic lipids ... "Do we need to be buying plant sterols?" (PDF). Food Magazine. 67: 14. October-December 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) ...
Sterols | Semantic Scholar
Sterols. Known as: Sterols [Chemical/Ingredient], sterol Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of ... Sterol-balance studies were performed in 10 control subjects, 10 normolipidemic obese patients, and 10 hypertriglyceridemic ( ... Plant Sterol-Fortified Orange Juice Effectively Lowers Cholesterol Levels in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Healthy Individuals ... Effects of a plant sterol-enriched spread on serum lipids and lipoproteins in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects ...
Hypothesis: The Role of Sterols in Autism Spectrum Disorder
This paper hypothesizes on the role of sterol dysfunction in ASD through the framework of SLOS. Impaired sonic hedgehog ... Future investigations should reveal the specific mechanisms underlying sterol dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders by ... but studies in disorders of sterol biosynthesis, chiefly Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), enable hypotheses on a causal ... A possible role for sterols in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not been proven, ...
Plant Sterols Archives - Better Nutrition
Sterols
EWG's Guide to Healthy Cleaning | PEG-25 SOY STEROL | Substance
Sterols play major role in dietary portfolio for hearts
Almost one-third of cholesterol reductions achieved by consuming a heart-healthy diet are due to plant sterols, suggests a new ... and 10.3 per cent in the absence of sterols. The results showed, state Jenkins and co-workers, that plant sterols contribute ... "Increased plant sterol intakes are likely to have been a part of the ancestral human diet at about one gram per day and are ... In addition, plant sterols were taken (one gram per 1,000 kcal), except during weeks 52 to 62. Over the course of the study, ...
sterol esterase activity | SGD
Gene Ontology Term: sterol esterase activity. GO ID. GO:0004771 Aspect. Molecular Function. Description. Catalysis of the ... sterol ester hydrolase activity, steryl-ester acylhydrolase activity, triterpenol esterase activity View GO Annotations in ... sterol ester hydrolase activity, steryl-ester acylhydrolase activity, triterpenol esterase activity, acylcholesterol lipase ... reaction: a steryl ester + H2O = a sterol + a fatty acid.. Synonyms. acylcholesterol lipase activity, cholesterase activity, ...
Sterols Market Size, Share & Growth Factors | Forecast - 2027
The Sterols Market research report presents information related to key drivers, restraints, and opportunities along with a ... Questions answered in the global sterols market research report:. *Which are the leading players active in the global sterols ... Leading market players have developed new and advanced uses of sterols in the beauty & personal care industry. Sterols are used ... which have increased the demand for sterols in the health food segment. In addition, sterols are used by the dairy industry for ...
NY N010609 - The tariff classification of plant sterol products from Germany. - United States International Trade Commision...
The laboratory found the sample of CardioAid Plant Sterols to be composed of 100 percent plant sterols. CardioAid Plant Sterols ... RE: The tariff classification of plant sterol products from Germany.. Dear Ms. Huffines:. In your letters dated February 27, ... The sample, CardioAid Plant Sterols, was forwarded to the Customs and Border Protection laboratory for analysis. All the ...
Plant Sterol Esters Market share - Express Press Release Distribution
Introduction Sterol ester is created when sterol and a fatty acid are synthesised (esterification). Sterol Esters [read full ... Introduction Sterol ester is created when sterol and a fatty acid are synthesised (esterification). Sterol Esters [read full ... Plant Sterol Esters Market share. Plant Sterol Esters Market Overview, Trends, Growth, Demand, Key Players Analysis and ... Plant Sterol Esters Market Key Facts, Market Size, Dynamics, Segments and Forecast Predictions Presented and Forecast: 2022- ...
Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase*Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase. *O-Acyltransferase, ... "Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase" by people in ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase" by people in Profiles. ...
Universal Nutrition Natural Sterol Complex - I'll Pump You Up
Universal Nutrition Natural Sterol Complex has been the bodybuilders solution for decades! This powerful formula contains ... Universal Nutrition Natural Sterol Complex. $19.99. - $27.99. Universal Nutrition Natural Sterol Complex has been the ... Natural Sterol Complex supports size, density, performance and recovery. You can use it as a stand-alone product or stack it ... The legendary Natural Sterol Complex by Universal Nutrition is the natural solution that serious bodybuilders have been waiting ...
Human Metabolome Database: HMDB0060512 (Sterol) Protein Associations
This project is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada Foundation for Innovation, and by The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), a nationally-funded research and core facility that supports a wide range of cutting-edge metabolomic studies. TMIC is funded by Genome Canada, Genome Alberta, and Genome British Columbia, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canadas national genomics strategy with $900 million in funding from the federal government ...
SMART: Pfam domain Sterol-sensing
Sterol-sensing. PFAM accession number:. PF12349. Interpro abstract (IPR000731):. The sterol-sensing domain (SSD) is an around ... It is not known whether it interacts with sterols, such as cholesterol, or whether it interacts with another-sterol regulated ... The domain within your query sequence starts at position 396 and ends at position 550; the E-value for the Sterol-sensing ... The SSD domain is conserved across phyla and confers sensitivity to regulation by sterol. Although the SSD domain appears to ...
Plant sterol enriched margarines increase cardiovascular risk? - BMJ Case Reports blog
Plant sterol enriched margarines increase cardiovascular risk?. Posted on August 8, 2009. by ... A case published in BMJ Case Reports this week raises an interesting question about plant sterol-enriched margarines and ... Extravascular lipid deposit (xanthelasma) induced by a plant sterol-enriched margarine. BMJ Case Reports 2009 [doi:10.1136/bcr. ... In this report a lady developed xanthelasma 18 months into a programme of cholesterol reduction with plant sterols. ...
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 | DrugBank Online
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein articles organized by Serendeputy, newsfeed engine for the open web
PLANT STEROLS 500 mg
The information on this site is for information purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for advice from a physician or other health care professional or any information contained in product labeling. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any diet, supplement, or exercise program, before taking any medication, or if you have or suspect you might have a health problem ...
Sterols - Radio Maria USA
Plant Sterols Market Analysis Report - Industry Size, Trends, Insights, Market Share, Competition, Opportunities, and Growth...
The Global Plant Sterols Market study is a comprehensive report with in-d ... strong, 2022 Plant Sterols Market Data, Growth Trends and Outlook to 2029,/strong,,br, ... 12.1 Global Plant Sterols Market Volume (Tons). 12.1 Global Plant Sterols Trade and Price Analysis 12.2 Plant Sterols Parent ... 12.1 Global Plant Sterols Market Volume (Tons). 12.1 Global Plant Sterols Trade and Price Analysis 12.2 Plant Sterols Parent ...
Method development for the analysis of steroids, steroid acids and sterol sulfates in biological samples
Junker, Julia (2021): Method development for the analysis of steroids, steroid acids and sterol sulfates in biological samples ... Method development for the analysis of steroids, steroid acids and sterol sulfates in biological samples ... Method development for the analysis of steroids, steroid acids and sterol sulfates in biological samples ...
Altered sterol composition renders yeast thermotolerant
... caused by mutations in the C-5 sterol desaturase gene, and increased expression of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis. ... and metabolic-flux analyses revealed a change in sterol composition, from ergosterol to fecosterol, ... caused by mutations in the C-5 sterol desaturase gene, and increased expression of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis. ... Altered sterol composition renders yeast thermotolerant Journal article, 2014 Ethanol production for use as a biofuel is mainly ...
Effects of Plant Sterols & Glucomannan on Hyperlipidemia | Book by Roula Barake | Best Price in India | 9783639067323
Buy Effects of Plant Sterols & Glucomannan on Hyperlipidemia online for Rs. (4281) - Free Shipping and Cash on Delivery All ... Effects of Plant Sterols & Glucomannan on Hyperlipidemia by Roula Barake. ... Buy Books Online , Dietetics & nutrition , Effects of Plant Sterols & Glucomannan on Hyperlipidemia ...
Sterol isomerase HYDRA1 interacts with RNA silencing suppressor P1b and restricts potyviral infection - CAB
The C-8 sterol isomerase HYDRA1 (HYD1), an enzyme involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis and cell membrane biology, and required ... Sterol isomerase HYDRA1 interacts with RNA silencing suppressor P1b and restricts potyviral infection. Plant Cell and ... Sterol isomerase HYDRA1 interacts with RNA silencing suppressor P1b and restricts potyviral infection. ...
Potential of the desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as an unconventional source of dietary and...
EstersPhytosterolsStigmasterolBeta-SitosterolSteroidsBiosynthesisStanolCell membraneLipidContains plant sterolsPlant2022SynthesisLipidsPhospholipidsFree fattyFatsCompoundsRegulatoryVitroTriterpenesPathwayAcyltransferaseInteractsPlasma membraneProteinVegetable oilsProteinsCapsulesMembranesDerivativesDietary supplementNutritionComplexBacteriaProductsFoodsImmuneEffects
Esters9
- These and other findings support the FDA-authorized health claim interim final rule stating, "A diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol including two servings of foods containing plant sterol or stanol esters supplying at least 1.3 plant sterols or 3.4 g plant stanols a day may reduce the risk of heart disease. (chiro.org)
- CardioAid®-S Plant Sterol Esters is a combination of the ester forms of Beta-Sitosterol, Campesterol and Stigmasterol. (bulkapothecary.com)
- Foods containing at least 0.65 grams per serving of plant sterol esters, eaten twice a day with meals for a daily total intake of at least 1.3 grams, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease. (bulkapothecary.com)
- A serving of NOW® Beta-Sitosterol Plant Sterols with Fish Oil supplies 1 gram (1,000 mg) of plant sterol esters in a base of fish oil. (bulkapothecary.com)
- Bound fatty acids from acylglycerols, alkylacylglycerols, galactosyldiacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, and sterol esters are derivatized by using transesterification with sodium methoxide to form fatty acid methyl esters. (vtt.fi)
- Phytosterols, also called plant sterols or stanol esters, are specialized compounds found in plants that are structurally similar to cholesterol found in humans. (medindustry-pharmaday.de)
- Sterols can be conjugated to fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and sugars. (news-medical.net)
- Plant Sterol Esters look similar in structure to cholesterol, so they compete with and block about 50% of cholesterol from food and bile from being absorbed. (annasvitaminsplus.com)
- Even a healthy diet does not provide enough Plant Sterol Esters to lower cholesterol, so supplementation is necessary to achieve adequate cholesterol-lowering doses. (annasvitaminsplus.com)
Phytosterols6
- Fruits and vegetables contain health-promoting compounds called phytosterols, specifically sterols and stanols. (chiro.org)
- Sterols of plants are called phytosterols and sterols of animals are called zoosterols . (wikipedia.org)
- Phytosterols , more commonly known as plant sterols, have been shown in clinical trials to block cholesterol absorption sites in the human intestine, thus helping to reduce cholesterol absorption in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Sterols are also known as Phytosterols. (herbpathy.com)
- plant sterols or phytosterols are structurally similar to cholesterol and exist in several forms in plants, including sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and cycloartenol. (medindustry-pharmaday.de)
- Phytosterols and phytostanols, also referred to as plant sterols and stanols, are common plant and vegetable constituents and are therefore normal constituents of the human diet. (medindustry-pharmaday.de)
Stigmasterol2
- This potent natural powerhouse consists of an 8-Complex formula that includes Plant Sterols Such As Beta-Sitosterol, Stigmasterol, And Campesterol, as well as Energy Substrates, Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs), Performance Boosters, Nucleosides, and Antioxidants. (illpumpyouup.com)
- The plant sterols sitosterol and stigmasterol exert very different effects on plant model membranes, the first one beingeinforcer like cholesterol, the second one not. (medindustry-pharmaday.de)
Beta-Sitosterol1
- It also provide phyto-Lipids, omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids, phyto Sterols beta sitosterol, gamma oryzanol etc. (jiji.ng)
Steroids3
- Therefore, sterols are a subgroup of the steroids. (wikipedia.org)
- Sterols are a subgroup of steroids with a hydroxyl group at the 3-position of the A-ring. (wikipedia.org)
- Topics covered include qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant sterols by gasliquid chromatography raman spectroscopy of steroids nuclear magnetic resonance and applications of lanthanide shift reagents.omputerized method for rapid comparison and retrieval of infrared spectral data is also described. (medindustry-pharmaday.de)
Biosynthesis6
- A possible role for sterols in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not been proven, but studies in disorders of sterol biosynthesis, chiefly Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), enable hypotheses on a causal relationship to be discussed. (hindawi.com)
- Evidence supporting a role for sterols in the development of ASD was based on studies in disorders of sterol biosynthesis, chiefly SLOS [ 5 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- 40 degrees C. Sequencing of the whole genome, genome-wide gene expression, and metabolic-flux analyses revealed a change in sterol composition, from ergosterol to fecosterol, caused by mutations in the C-5 sterol desaturase gene, and increased expression of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis. (chalmers.se)
- The C-8 sterol isomerase HYDRA1 (HYD1), an enzyme involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis and cell membrane biology, and required for RNA silencing, was isolated in this screen. (inta-csic.es)
- The SCP2-thiolase is part of a unidirectional two-step bridge between the fatty acid precursor, acetyl-CoA, and the precursor of the mevalonate pathway leading to sterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA. (pasteur.fr)
- We confirmed this by showing that PM to ER sterol transport slows dramatically in mutants with conditional defects in PIP biosynthesis. (rupress.org)
Stanol3
- The American Heart Association recommends eating sterol and stanol fortified foods if you're trying to lower your high cholesterol. (webmd.com)
- 1. Law M. Plant sterol and stanol margarines and health. (chiro.org)
- 2008. Effects of long-term plant sterol or stanol ester consumption on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in subjects on statin treatment. (csic.es)
Cell membrane3
- [1] [2] The most familiar type of animal sterol is cholesterol , which is vital to cell membrane structure, and functions as a precursor to fat-soluble vitamins and steroid hormones . (wikipedia.org)
- Ergosterol is a sterol present in the cell membrane of fungi, where it serves a role similar to cholesterol in animal cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Outside of the cell membrane, sterols, particularly cholesterols, are precursor of bile acids, vitamin D and steroidal hormones. (news-medical.net)
Lipid3
- The total lipid, lipid class, neutral lipid fraction fatty acid and sterol content and composition of whole krill, their digestive glands, and stomachs during the late-summer were examined. (edu.au)
- Alongside sphingolipids, sterols may form structures called lipid rafts which are implicated in signaling and membrane trafficking. (news-medical.net)
- Tre-en-en is a Grain concentrates that provides lipid and sterols which feeds your cells with an exclusive whole food blend of extracts from wheat, rice and soya. (jiji.ng)
Contains plant sterols2
- Last year our sister site BakeryAndSnacks.com reported on the development of a California-style thin crust pizza from Road Pizza Company which contains plant sterols in the dough base and cheese topping. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- This powerful formula contains plant sterols, EFA's, performance boosters, nucleosides & antioxidants - the legendary Natural Sterol Complex! (illpumpyouup.com)
Plant51
- Functional snack company Corazonas is launching potato chips containing plant sterols for cholesterol reduction, and claims to be the first manufacturer to take the healthy ingredient into this kind of snack product. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- Corazonas, however, is targeting both angles by including plant sterols but absolutely no trans fats. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- A spokesperson for Mintel confirmed that it has no other plant sterol-containing potato chips listed in its Global New Products Database in the United States. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- She said Corazonas' launch is "definitely innovative", but noted that there are other potato chip products in the heart healthy space - albeit not with plant sterols. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- Corazonas has not given details of the source of its plant sterols, but the technology to create such the product without impairing its intrinsic flavour is understood to have come from a collaboration with Brandeis University. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- No details of this technology have been released, beyond that it is a patented process for infusing plant sterols into the product. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- Plant sterols have most commonly been used in dairy products, such as yoghurt shots, margarine spreads, and juice drinks. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- Plant sterols and stanols have an especially valuable role. (webmd.com)
- According to the National Cholesterol Education Program, you need 2 grams of plant sterols and stanols a day to lower your cholesterol. (webmd.com)
- In results of a recent meta-analysis, plant sterols and stanols lowered LDL cholesterol concentrations in a dose-dependent way. (chiro.org)
- Serum cholesterol, cholesterol precursors and plant sterols in hypercholesterolemic subjects with different apoE phenotypes during dietary sitostanol-ester treatment. (chiro.org)
- At present, the American Heart Association has recommended that supplemental plant sterols be taken only by those diagnosed with elevated cholesterol, and has particularly recommended that they not be taken by pregnant women or nursing mothers. (wikipedia.org)
- Do we need to be buying plant sterols? (wikipedia.org)
- Almost one-third of cholesterol reductions achieved by consuming a heart-healthy diet are due to plant sterols, suggests a new study from Canada that supports the ingredient's efficacy. (nutraingredients.com)
- Forty-two subjects with high cholesterol levels were assigned to eat a diet high in soy protein, viscous fibres, and almonds for 80 weeks, and supplemented with plant sterols. (nutraingredients.com)
- "In the context of a low-saturated fat diet and in combination with other cholesterol-lowering dietary components, plant sterols appear to exert a very significant effect on LDL-C reduction of the order of 10 per cent for two grams per day of plant sterols," wrote lead author David Jenkins from St Michael's Hospital, Toronto. (nutraingredients.com)
- This figure is similar to studies where plant sterols have been given as the only cholesterol-lowering agent. (nutraingredients.com)
- In addition, plant sterols were taken (one gram per 1,000 kcal), except during weeks 52 to 62. (nutraingredients.com)
- Over the course of the study, LDL-cholesterol levels decreased by an average of 15.4 per cent, while such reductions were only 9.0 per cent in the absence of plant sterols. (nutraingredients.com)
- The results showed, state Jenkins and co-workers, that plant sterols contribute over one-third of the LDL-cholesterol reductions observed in combination with other cholesterol-lowering foods. (nutraingredients.com)
- "Increased plant sterol intakes are likely to have been a part of the ancestral human diet at about one gram per day and are part of a more plant-based diet as currently recommended for CHD risk reduction, including green leafy vegetables, raw or dry roasted nuts, and non-hydrogenated vegetable oils," wrote the researchers. (nutraingredients.com)
- "Plant sterols therefore appear a good fit with other cholesterol-lowering components in a dietary portfolio to reduce CHD risk," they concluded. (nutraingredients.com)
- The tariff classification of plant sterol products from Germany. (faqs.org)
- The sample, CardioAid Plant Sterols, was forwarded to the Customs and Border Protection laboratory for analysis. (faqs.org)
- The laboratory found the sample of CardioAid Plant Sterols to be composed of 100 percent plant sterols. (faqs.org)
- CardioAid Plant Sterols will be packed in 25-kg bags or 500-kg totes. (faqs.org)
- Plant sterol enriched margarines increase cardiovascular risk? (bmj.com)
- A case published in BMJ Case Reports this week raises an interesting question about plant sterol-enriched margarines and cardiovascular risk. (bmj.com)
- In this report a lady developed xanthelasma 18 months into a programme of cholesterol reduction with plant sterols. (bmj.com)
- The Global Plant Sterols Market study is a comprehensive report with in-depth qualitative and quantitative research evaluating the current scenario and analyzing prospects in Plant Sterols Market over the next seven years, to 2029. (bharatbook.com)
- Robust changes brought in by the pandemic COVID-19 in the Plant Sterols supply chain and shifts in consumer behavior are necessitating the business players to be more vigilant and forward-looking to stay ahead in the competition. (bharatbook.com)
- The economic and social impact of COVID is noted to be highly varying between different countries/markets and Plant Sterols market players are designing country-specific strategies. (bharatbook.com)
- The research report covers Plant Sterols industry statistics including current Plant Sterols Market size, Plant Sterols Market Share, and Growth Rates (CAGR) by segments and sub-segments at global, regional, and country levels, with an annual forecast till 2029. (bharatbook.com)
- The study provides a clear insight into market penetration by different types, applications, and sales channels of Plant Sterols with corresponding future potential, validated by real-time industry experts. (bharatbook.com)
- Further, Plant Sterols market share by key metrics such as manufacturing methods/technology and raw material can be included as part of customization. (bharatbook.com)
- The report identifies the most profitable products of Plant Sterols market, dominant end uses and evolving distribution channel of the Plant Sterols Market in each region. (bharatbook.com)
- Plant Sterols Market Revenue is expected to grow at a healthy CAGR propelled by staggering demand from millennials and emerging markets. (bharatbook.com)
- Technological advances in the Plant Sterols market enabling efficient production, expanding product portfolio, sophisticated design and packaging, effective operational maintenance, and sales monitoring are key growth drivers. (bharatbook.com)
- However, complying with stringent regulations and varying standards around the world, growing competition, inflation estimated to remain above the upper band during the short term in key nations, and fluctuating raw material prices are some of the Plant Sterols market restraints over the forecast period. (bharatbook.com)
- Mergers and acquisitions to acquire new technologies, strengthen portfolios, and leverage capabilities to remain key strategies of top companies in the Plant Sterols industry over the outlook period. (bharatbook.com)
- The research analyses various direct and indirect forces that can potentially impact the Plant Sterols market supply and demand conditions. (bharatbook.com)
- Geopolitical analysis, demographic analysis, and porters' five forces analysis are prudently assessed to estimate the best Plant Sterols market projections. (bharatbook.com)
- Regulations, Beneficial Alternative, and Cost of Substitute in Plant Sterols market. (bharatbook.com)
- Plant Sterols are plant-derived compounds that are structurally similar to cholesterol so that they help to limit the absorption of cholesterol from the digestive tract. (bulkapothecary.com)
- Uid phase separation into liquiddisordered ld and liquid plant sterols are structurally related to cholesterol and are ordered lo, domains 1921. (medindustry-pharmaday.de)
- Plant sterols in bile, but with perfusion of hdl, the secretion of plant sterols was increased two to threefold.0005. (medindustry-pharmaday.de)
- the increase in biliary plant sterols was detected 510 min after hdl was added to perfusates and was similarly large for. (medindustry-pharmaday.de)
- And for good reason-the creamy green fruits are packed with monounsaturated fats (MUFAs) , fiber, folate, and plant sterols that boast benefits from head to toe ( Rodale's The Fat Cell Solution proves the power of fat-hundreds of women lost weight by eating more fat, which helped train their fat cells to release excess calories). (prevention.com)
- Consuming 1.5-2.4g of plant sterols per day can lower ldl cholesterol by 7-10% in 2-three weeks when consumed as part of a nutritious diet and life-style. (ambienknowledgebase.com)
- Do plant sterols really lower cholesterol? (bestsourcenutrition.com)
- 2004. Plant sterols: factors affecting their efficacy and safety as functional food ingredients. (csic.es)
20221
- New York, United States, 2022-Jun-09 - /EPR Network/ - Introduction Sterol ester is created when sterol and a fatty acid are synthesised (esterification). (express-press-release.net)
Synthesis4
- Here, we demonstrate that the ketogenic carbon sources, threonine, acetate and glucose, are precursors for both fatty acid and sterol synthesis, while leucine only contributes to sterol production in the tsetse fly midgut stage of the parasite. (pasteur.fr)
- We also observed a preference for fatty acids synthesis from ketogenic carbon sources, since blocking acetyl-CoA production from both glucose and threonine abolished acetate incorporation into sterols, while incorporation of acetate into fatty acids was increased. (pasteur.fr)
- Of these, UDP-sugar: sterol glucosyltransferases (UGTs) (2.4.1.173) catalyse the synthesis of therapeutically important steryl glycosides (SGs). (northumbria.ac.uk)
- The sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase is involved in bile acid synthesis, and results in the production of cholic acid. (avhandlingar.se)
Lipids1
- While technically alcohols, sterols are classified by biochemists as lipids ( fats in the broader sense of the term). (wikipedia.org)
Phospholipids3
- We conclude that the nature of unsaturated phospholipids (POPC versus DOPC) in bilayers has major effects on the properties of ceramide gel phases and on sterol-ceramide-phospholipid interactions in such complex bilayers. (abo.fi)
- Effect of weak constant magnetic field on the composition in all treatments, pmf increased the ratio of phospholipids to sterols by 30100. (medindustry-pharmaday.de)
- Sterols interact with phospholipids to stiffen and impermeabilize the membrane. (news-medical.net)
Free fatty2
- monoglycerides mgs, diglycerides dgs, sterols, and free fatty acids ffas in vco and rco were converted into dioxaphosphola. (medindustry-pharmaday.de)
- Besides, free fatty acids work to support cellular function and maca has about 20 of these high-fliers including, vitamins , minerals, sterols, and glucosinolates. (healthinsiders.com)
Fats1
- Readers will recall that fats (sterols) were recently recovered from a 558 million-year-old fossil entity, Dickinsonia, which was previously uncertainly classified but is now classified as an animal as a result. (uncommondescent.com)
Compounds2
- Sterols and related compounds play essential roles in the physiology of eukaryotic organisms. (wikipedia.org)
- Sterols are natural compounds that are found in cell membranes of cereals, vegetables, and nuts. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
Regulatory2
- Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) mature form was increased approximately 6-fold by this drug. (eurekamag.com)
- Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) between the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper domain and the membrane attachment domain. (proteopedia.org)
Vitro1
- N-terminally histidine tagged proteins were purified for in vitro assays against a panel of sterol and steroidal acceptors. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Triterpenes3
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Cytotoxic Triterpenes and Sterols from Pipturus arborescens (Link) C.B. Rob. (who.int)
- Reyes Mariquit M De Los, Oyong Glenn G, Ebajo Virgilio D, Ng Vincent Antonio S, Shen Chien-Chang, Ragasa Consolacion Y. Cytotoxic Triterpenes and Sterols from Pipturus arborescens (Link) C.B. Rob. (who.int)
- Triterpenes and sterols such inotodiol, trametenolic acid, and betulinic acid, among others, can be isolated with the help of the chaga mushroom. (pure5extraction.com)
Pathway5
- For instance, (i) deletion of the gene encoding isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, involved in the leucine degradation pathway, abolished leucine incorporation into sterols, and (ii) RNAi-mediated down-regulation of the SCP2-thiolase gene expression abolished incorporation of the three ketogenic carbon sources into sterols. (pasteur.fr)
- Recent observations from a genetic screen suggest that the C. neoformans sterol homeostasis pathway is required for growth at elevated pH. (duke.edu)
- We find that the sterol homeostasis pathway is necessary for growth in an alkaline environment and that an elevated pH is sufficient to induce Sre1 activation. (duke.edu)
- This mechanism, which is intimately linked with fungal membrane sterol homeostasis, is independent of the previously well-studied alkaline response Rim pathway. (duke.edu)
- In yeast, one such pathway transfers sterols from the plasma membrane (PM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (rupress.org)
Acyltransferase3
- Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
Interacts1
- It is not known whether it interacts with sterols, such as cholesterol, or whether it interacts with another-sterol regulated protein. (embl.de)
Plasma membrane1
- Hernandez, A, Cooke, DT & Clarkson, DT 1998, ' Effects of abnormal-sterol accumulation on Ustilago maydis plasma membrane H + - ATPase stoichiometry and polypeptide pattern ', Journal of Bacteriology , vol. 180, pp. 412 - 415. (bris.ac.uk)
Protein1
- Sterol Carrier Protein 2 Antibody is a Rabbit Polyclonal against Sterol Carrier Protein 2. (abbexa.com)
Vegetable oils4
- For commercial purposes, sterols are obtained from vegetable oils such as soybean oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, and rapeseed oil. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
- Rapid determination of sterols in vegetable oils by CEC using methacrylate ester-based monolithic columns. (bvsalud.org)
- A method for the determination of sterols in vegetable oils by CEC with UV-Vis detection , using methacrylate ester -based monolithic columns, has been developed. (bvsalud.org)
- The method was applied to the determination of sterols in vegetable oils with different botanical origins and to detect olive oil adulteration with sunflower and soybean oils . (bvsalud.org)
Proteins1
- Sterols have a fundamental effect in membrane properties, affecting fluidity, membrane transport and function of membrane proteins. (news-medical.net)
Capsules1
- Sterols are primarily are used in manufacturing dietary supplements and foods in the form of oil, powder, and soft-gelatin capsules. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
Membranes3
- Sterols are moved between cellular membranes by nonvesicular pathways whose functions are poorly understood. (rupress.org)
- In addition, Osh4p transfers sterols more rapidly between membranes containing phosphoinositides (PIPs), suggesting that PIPs regulate sterol transport by ORPs. (rupress.org)
- Specifically, sterols may eliminate this ability of membranes to transition. (news-medical.net)
Derivatives1
- In this study, we sought to profile sterols and their derivatives present in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, focusing on those with potential importance as dietary and therapeutic components for humans. (org.in)
Dietary supplement1
- Surge in use of sterols by dietary supplement manufacturers, diary industry, bakeries, and confectionary has fueled up the demand for sterols in the global market. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
Nutrition3
- Universal Nutrition Natural Sterol Complex has been the bodybuilder's solution for decades! (illpumpyouup.com)
- The legendary Natural Sterol Complex by Universal Nutrition is the natural solution that serious bodybuilders have been waiting for. (illpumpyouup.com)
- If You Want Results, It's Time For Natural Sterol Complex by Universal Nutrition! (illpumpyouup.com)
Complex2
- There's no question, Natural Sterol Complex stands alone by combining so many effective natural ingredients into one amazing formula. (illpumpyouup.com)
- Natural Sterol Complex supports size, density, performance and recovery. (illpumpyouup.com)
Bacteria1
- Antimicrobial properties reduce bacteria build up, while sterols detoxify pores. (luxebotanics.com)
Products1
- Insects are increasingly being recognized not only as a source of food to feed the ever growing world population but also as potential sources of new products and therapeutic agents, among which are sterols. (org.in)
Foods2
- The amount of natural sterols and stanols in these foods is a good bit lower than the daily amount you'd need to lower your cholesterol. (webmd.com)
- Though taking supplements is better than getting no sterols or stanols in your diet at all, it's usually better to get your nutrients naturally from whole foods when you can. (webmd.com)
Immune1
- Sterols boosts the Immune and treats Cold and Flu. (herbpathy.com)
Effects1
- In summary, we found that in the gel phase, sterol effects on the PCer-rich gel phase were markedly influenced by the acyl chain composition of the fluid PC. (abo.fi)