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Statistics, NonparametricModels, StatisticalGenetic LinkageLod ScoreData Interpretation, StatisticalStatistics as TopicComputer SimulationBiometryModels, GeneticAlgorithmsChromosome MappingBayes TheoremVital StatisticsGenetic MarkersLikelihood FunctionsPedigreeReproducibility of ResultsNuclear FamilyChromosomes, Human, Pair 1Monte Carlo MethodGenetic HeterogeneityGenome, HumanSample SizeMicrosatellite RepeatsGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseMatched-Pair AnalysisBiostatisticsQuantitative Trait LociSoftwareNational Center for Health Statistics (U.S.)Regression AnalysisSensitivity and SpecificityChromosomes, Human, Pair 2GenotypeQuantitative Trait, HeritableROC CurveChromosomes, Human, Pair 6Family HealthChromosomes, Human, Pair 7Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10Time FactorsGenetic Diseases, InbornSiblingsDecision TheoryMarkov ChainsPopulationConfidence IntervalsBias (Epidemiology)Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4PenetranceNormal DistributionGenes, DominantChromosomes, Human, Pair 12United StatesOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisProbabilityModels, BiologicalAnalysis of VarianceResearch DesignHaplotypesReference ValuesGene Expression ProfilingChromosomes, Human, Pair 3Image Interpretation, Computer-AssistedAllelesLinear ModelsModels, TheoreticalAge FactorsCluster AnalysisLinkage DisequilibriumGenes, RecessiveInfant, NewbornCase-Control StudiesEpistasis, GeneticGenome-Wide Association StudyPhenotypeLongitudinal StudiesPattern Recognition, AutomatedCohort StudiesFalse Positive ReactionsFamilyAge of OnsetPredictive Value of TestsImage EnhancementRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsNonlinear DynamicsRisk AssessmentQuestionnairesPolymorphism, Single NucleotideImage Processing, Computer-AssistedComputational BiologyMultivariate AnalysisCross-Sectional StudiesSex FactorsProspective StudiesLogistic ModelsQuality ControlGenomeSurvival AnalysisChromosomes, Human, Pair 18Genetic VariationPrincipal Component AnalysisTreatment OutcomeArea Under CurvePregnancyEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupDatabases, FactualChromosomes, HumanChromosomes, Human, Pair 16Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15Genetic TestingChromosomes, Human, Pair 9Genetics, PopulationChromosomes, Human, Pair 20Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicArtificial IntelligenceEpidemiologic MethodsMagnetic Resonance ImagingProstatic NeoplasmsImaging, Three-DimensionalBiological MarkersDeath CertificatesPhylogenyBreast NeoplasmsBreedingBrainGene FrequencyIncidenceGenetic LociFinlandClinical Trials as TopicChromosomes, Human, Pair 11Follow-Up StudiesChromosomes, Human, Pair 19Chi-Square DistributionNeoplasmsProportional Hazards ModelsNephelometry and TurbidimetrySpace-Time ClusteringPhysical Chromosome MappingObserver VariationPrevalenceSeverity of Illness IndexGenomicsPrognosisBlood Chemical AnalysisStatistical DistributionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13Sequence Analysis, DNAGestational AgeDatabases, GeneticPilot ProjectsMortalityBrazilEuropeRandom AllocationCause of DeathBipolar DisorderStatisticsEvolution, MolecularData CollectionBody Mass IndexSchizophreniaHIV InfectionsAlcoholismAge DistributionPoisson DistributionEnglandQuality of LifeRegistriesPopulation SurveillanceSex DistributionCanadaAnti-Bacterial AgentsTumor Markers, BiologicalBrain NeoplasmsDemographyObesityDouble-Blind MethodSocioeconomic FactorsWounds and InjuriesLupus Erythematosus, SystemicMutationHealth SurveysGeographic Information SystemsPoisoningBirth CertificatesBirth RateLife ExpectancyInfant MortalityInternational Classification of DiseasesNatureGeographyDose-Response Relationship, DrugDiffusion Tensor ImagingAnisotropyWales
Statistics, Nonparametric: A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)Models, Statistical: Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.Genetic Linkage: The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.Lod Score: The total relative probability, expressed on a logarithmic scale, that a linkage relationship exists among selected loci. Lod is an acronym for "logarithmic odds."Data Interpretation, Statistical: Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.Statistics as Topic: The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. The term is also applied to the data themselves and to the summarization of the data.Computer Simulation: Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.Biometry: The use of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze biological observations and phenomena.Models, Genetic: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Chromosome Mapping: Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.Bayes Theorem: A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.Vital Statistics: Used for general articles concerning statistics of births, deaths, marriages, etc.Genetic Markers: A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.Likelihood Functions: Functions constructed from a statistical model and a set of observed data which give the probability of that data for various values of the unknown model parameters. Those parameter values that maximize the probability are the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters.Pedigree: The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Nuclear Family: A family composed of spouses and their children.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1: A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.Monte Carlo Method: In statistics, a technique for numerically approximating the solution of a mathematical problem by studying the distribution of some random variable, often generated by a computer. The name alludes to the randomness characteristic of the games of chance played at the gambling casinos in Monte Carlo. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)Genetic Heterogeneity: The presence of apparently similar characters for which the genetic evidence indicates that different genes or different genetic mechanisms are involved in different pedigrees. In clinical settings genetic heterogeneity refers to the presence of a variety of genetic defects which cause the same disease, often due to mutations at different loci on the same gene, a finding common to many human diseases including ALZHEIMER DISEASE; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE DEFICIENCY, FAMILIAL; and POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASES. (Rieger, et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Genome, Human: The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.Sample Size: The number of units (persons, animals, patients, specified circumstances, etc.) in a population to be studied. The sample size should be big enough to have a high likelihood of detecting a true difference between two groups. (From Wassertheil-Smoller, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 1990, p95)Microsatellite Repeats: A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).Genetic Predisposition to Disease: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.Matched-Pair Analysis: A type of analysis in which subjects in a study group and a comparison group are made comparable with respect to extraneous factors by individually pairing study subjects with the comparison group subjects (e.g., age-matched controls).Biostatistics: The application of STATISTICS to biological systems and organisms involving the retrieval or collection, analysis, reduction, and interpretation of qualitative and quantitative data.Quantitative Trait Loci: Genetic loci associated with a QUANTITATIVE TRAIT.Software: Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.): A center in the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE which is primarily concerned with the collection, analysis, and dissemination of health statistics on vital events and health activities to reflect the health status of people, health needs, and health resources.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2: A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Quantitative Trait, Heritable: A characteristic showing quantitative inheritance such as SKIN PIGMENTATION in humans. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)ROC Curve: A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6: A specific pair GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Family Health: The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7: A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10: A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Genetic Diseases, Inborn: Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.Siblings: Persons or animals having at least one parent in common. (American College Dictionary, 3d ed)Decision Theory: A theoretical technique utilizing a group of related constructs to describe or prescribe how individuals or groups of people choose a course of action when faced with several alternatives and a variable amount of knowledge about the determinants of the outcomes of those alternatives.Markov Chains: A stochastic process such that the conditional probability distribution for a state at any future instant, given the present state, is unaffected by any additional knowledge of the past history of the system.Population: The total number of individuals inhabiting a particular region or area.Confidence Intervals: A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.Bias (Epidemiology): Any deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. Bias can result from several sources: one-sided or systematic variations in measurement from the true value (systematic error); flaws in study design; deviation of inferences, interpretations, or analyses based on flawed data or data collection; etc. There is no sense of prejudice or subjectivity implied in the assessment of bias under these conditions.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4: A specific pair of GROUP B CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Penetrance: The percent frequency with which a dominant or homozygous recessive gene or gene combination manifests itself in the phenotype of the carriers. (From Glossary of Genetics, 5th ed)Normal Distribution: Continuous frequency distribution of infinite range. Its properties are as follows: 1, continuous, symmetrical distribution with both tails extending to infinity; 2, arithmetic mean, mode, and median identical; and 3, shape completely determined by the mean and standard deviation.Genes, Dominant: Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE both in the homozygous and the heterozygous state.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12: A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.United StatesOligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis: Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.Probability: The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Research Design: A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.Haplotypes: The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Gene Expression Profiling: The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3: A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted: Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.Alleles: Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.Linear Models: Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.Models, Theoretical: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Cluster Analysis: A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.Linkage Disequilibrium: Nonrandom association of linked genes. This is the tendency of the alleles of two separate but already linked loci to be found together more frequently than would be expected by chance alone.Genes, Recessive: Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE only in the homozygous state.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Epistasis, Genetic: A form of gene interaction whereby the expression of one gene interferes with or masks the expression of a different gene or genes. Genes whose expression interferes with or masks the effects of other genes are said to be epistatic to the effected genes. Genes whose expression is affected (blocked or masked) are hypostatic to the interfering genes.Genome-Wide Association Study: An analysis comparing the allele frequencies of all available (or a whole GENOME representative set of) polymorphic markers in unrelated patients with a specific symptom or disease condition, and those of healthy controls to identify markers associated with a specific disease or condition.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Longitudinal Studies: Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.Pattern Recognition, Automated: In INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, machine-sensing or identification of visible patterns (shapes, forms, and configurations). (Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed)Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.False Positive Reactions: Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Family: A social group consisting of parents or parent substitutes and children.Age of Onset: The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Image Enhancement: Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Nonlinear Dynamics: The study of systems which respond disproportionately (nonlinearly) to initial conditions or perturbing stimuli. Nonlinear systems may exhibit "chaos" which is classically characterized as sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Chaotic systems, while distinguished from more ordered periodic systems, are not random. When their behavior over time is appropriately displayed (in "phase space"), constraints are evident which are described by "strange attractors". Phase space representations of chaotic systems, or strange attractors, usually reveal fractal (FRACTALS) self-similarity across time scales. Natural, including biological, systems often display nonlinear dynamics and chaos.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.Image Processing, Computer-Assisted: A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Quality Control: A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Genome: The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.Survival Analysis: A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18: A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Genetic Variation: Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.Principal Component Analysis: Mathematical procedure that transforms a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Area Under Curve: A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.European Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.Databases, Factual: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.Chromosomes, Human: Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE). Normally 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry the hereditary information of the individual.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16: A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17: A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5: One of the two pairs of human chromosomes in the group B class (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 4-5).Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15: A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Genetic Testing: Detection of a MUTATION; GENOTYPE; KARYOTYPE; or specific ALLELES associated with genetic traits, heritable diseases, or predisposition to a disease, or that may lead to the disease in descendants. It includes prenatal genetic testing.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9: A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Genetics, Population: The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20: A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic: Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.Artificial Intelligence: Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language.Epidemiologic Methods: Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Prostatic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.Imaging, Three-Dimensional: The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Death Certificates: Official records of individual deaths including the cause of death certified by a physician, and any other required identifying information.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Breast Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.Breeding: The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Gene Frequency: The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Genetic Loci: Specific regions that are mapped within a GENOME. Genetic loci are usually identified with a shorthand notation that indicates the chromosome number and the position of a specific band along the P or Q arm of the chromosome where they are found. For example the locus 6p21 is found within band 21 of the P-arm of CHROMOSOME 6. Many well known genetic loci are also known by common names that are associated with a genetic function or HEREDITARY DISEASE.FinlandClinical Trials as Topic: Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11: A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19: A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Chi-Square Distribution: A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.Neoplasms: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.Proportional Hazards Models: Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.Nephelometry and Turbidimetry: Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.Space-Time Clustering: A statistically significant excess of cases of a disease, occurring within a limited space-time continuum.Physical Chromosome Mapping: Mapping of the linear order of genes on a chromosome with units indicating their distances by using methods other than genetic recombination. These methods include nucleotide sequencing, overlapping deletions in polytene chromosomes, and electron micrography of heteroduplex DNA. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 5th ed)Observer Variation: The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Genomics: The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Blood Chemical Analysis: An examination of chemicals in the blood.Statistical Distributions: The complete summaries of the frequencies of the values or categories of a measurement made on a group of items, a population, or other collection of data. The distribution tells either how many or what proportion of the group was found to have each value (or each range of values) out of all the possible values that the quantitative measure can have.Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13: A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Gestational Age: The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.Databases, Genetic: Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.Pilot Projects: Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.Mortality: All deaths reported in a given population.BrazilEuropeRandom Allocation: A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.Cause of Death: Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint.Bipolar Disorder: A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.StatisticsEvolution, Molecular: The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.Data Collection: Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.Body Mass Index: An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Schizophrenia: A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.HIV Infections: Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Alcoholism: A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)Age Distribution: The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.Poisson Distribution: A distribution function used to describe the occurrence of rare events or to describe the sampling distribution of isolated counts in a continuum of time or space.EnglandQuality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.Registries: The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.Population Surveillance: Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.Sex Distribution: The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.Canada: The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.Anti-Bacterial Agents: Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.Tumor Markers, Biological: Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.Brain Neoplasms: Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.Demography: Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Wounds and Injuries: Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic: A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Health Surveys: A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.Geographic Information Systems: Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.Poisoning: A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent.Birth Certificates: Official certifications by a physician recording the individual's birth date, place of birth, parentage and other required identifying data which are filed with the local registrar of vital statistics.Birth Rate: The number of births in a given population per year or other unit of time.Life Expectancy: Based on known statistical data, the number of years which any person of a given age may reasonably expected to live.Infant Mortality: Postnatal deaths from BIRTH to 365 days after birth in a given population. Postneonatal mortality represents deaths between 28 days and 365 days after birth (as defined by National Center for Health Statistics). Neonatal mortality represents deaths from birth to 27 days after birth.International Classification of Diseases: A system of categories to which morbid entries are assigned according to established criteria. Included is the entire range of conditions in a manageable number of categories, grouped to facilitate mortality reporting. It is produced by the World Health Organization (From ICD-10, p1). The Clinical Modifications, produced by the UNITED STATES DEPT. OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, are larger extensions used for morbidity and general epidemiological purposes, primarily in the U.S.Nature: The system of all phenomena in space and time; the totality of physical reality. It is both a scientific and philosophic concept appearing in all historic eras. (Webster 2d; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)Geography: The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Diffusion Tensor Imaging: The use of diffusion ANISOTROPY data from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging results to construct images based on the direction of the faster diffusing molecules.Anisotropy: A physical property showing different values in relation to the direction in or along which the measurement is made. The physical property may be with regard to thermal or electric conductivity or light refraction. In crystallography, it describes crystals whose index of refraction varies with the direction of the incident light. It is also called acolotropy and colotropy. The opposite of anisotropy is isotropy wherein the same values characterize the object when measured along axes in all directions.Wales

Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: comparison of outside-in and all-inside techniques. (1/11504)

The aim of this prospective study was to compare two arthroscopic techniques for reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament, the "outside-in" (two incisions) and the "all-inside" (one incision) techniques. The results obtained for 30 patients operated on using the "outside-in" technique (group I) were compared with those for 29 patients operated on using the "all-inside" technique (group II). Before surgery, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of Lysholm score, Tegner activity level, patellofemoral pain score, or knee laxity. Both groups displayed significant improvements in Lysholm score after 24 months, from 69 (16) to 91 (9) in group I and from 70 (17) to 90 (15) in group II (means (SD)). There were also significant improvements in patellofemoral pain scores in both groups, from 13 (6) to 18 (5) in group I and from 14 (6) to 18 (4) in group II after 24 months. No difference was found between the groups in knee stability at the 24 month follow up. The IKDC score was identical in both groups at follow up. The operation took significantly longer for patients in group I (mean 94 (15)) than for those in group II (mean 86 (20)) (p = 0.03). The mean sick leave was 7.7 (6.2) weeks in group I and 12.3 (9.7) weeks in group II (p = 0.026), indicating that there may be a higher morbidity associated with the "all-inside" technique. It can be concluded that there were no significant differences between the two different techniques in terms of functional results, knee laxity, or postoperative complications. The results were satisfactory and the outcome was similar in both treatment groups.  (+info)

Statistical inference by confidence intervals: issues of interpretation and utilization. (2/11504)

This article examines the role of the confidence interval (CI) in statistical inference and its advantages over conventional hypothesis testing, particularly when data are applied in the context of clinical practice. A CI provides a range of population values with which a sample statistic is consistent at a given level of confidence (usually 95%). Conventional hypothesis testing serves to either reject or retain a null hypothesis. A CI, while also functioning as a hypothesis test, provides additional information on the variability of an observed sample statistic (ie, its precision) and on its probable relationship to the value of this statistic in the population from which the sample was drawn (ie, its accuracy). Thus, the CI focuses attention on the magnitude and the probability of a treatment or other effect. It thereby assists in determining the clinical usefulness and importance of, as well as the statistical significance of, findings. The CI is appropriate for both parametric and nonparametric analyses and for both individual studies and aggregated data in meta-analyses. It is recommended that, when inferential statistical analysis is performed, CIs should accompany point estimates and conventional hypothesis tests wherever possible.  (+info)

Comparison of in vivo and in vitro tests of resistance in patients treated with chloroquine in Yaounde, Cameroon. (3/11504)

The usefulness of an isotopic in vitro assay in the field was evaluated by comparing its results with the therapeutic response determined by the simplified WHO in vivo test in symptomatic Cameroonian patients treated with chloroquine. Of the 117 enrolled patients, 102 (87%) completed the 14-day follow-up, and 95 isolates obtained from these patients (46 children, 49 adults) yielded an interpretable in vitro test. A total of 57 of 95 patients (60%; 28 children and 29 adults) had an adequate clinical response with negative smears (n = 46) or with an asymptomatic parasitaemia (n = 11) on day 7 and/or day 14. The geometric mean 50% inhibitory concentration of the isolates obtained from these patients was 63.3 nmol/l. Late and early treatment failure was observed in 29 (30.5%) and 9 (9.5%) patients, respectively. The geometric mean 50% inhibitory concentrations of the corresponding isolates were 173 nmol/l and 302 nmol/l. Among the patients responding with late and early treatment failure, five isolates and one isolate, respectively, yielded a discordant result (in vivo resistance and in vitro sensitivity). The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the in vitro test to detect chloroquine-sensitive cases was 67%, 84% and 86%, respectively. There was moderate concordance between the in vitro and in vivo tests (kappa value = 0.48). The in vitro assay agrees relatively well with the therapeutic response and excludes several host factors that influence the results of the in vivo test. However, in view of some discordant results, the in vitro test cannot substitute for in vivo data on therapeutic efficacy. The only reliable definition of "resistance" in malaria parasites is based on clinical and parasitological response in symptomatic patients, and the in vivo test provides the standard method to determine drug sensitivity or resistance as well as to guide national drug policies.  (+info)

Elevated hepatic lipase activity and low levels of high density lipoprotein in a normotriglyceridemic, nonobese Turkish population. (4/11504)

Low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and, in the United States, are often associated with hypertriglyceridemia and obesity. In Turkey, low HDL-C levels are highly prevalent, 53% of men and 26% of women having HDL-C levels <35 mg/dl, in the absence of hypertriglyceridemia and obesity. In this study to investigate the cause of low HDL-C levels in Turks, various factors affecting HDL metabolism were assessed in normotriglyceridemic Turkish men and women living in Istanbul and in non-Turkish men and women living in San Francisco. Turkish men and women had significantly lower HDL-C levels than the San Francisco men and women, as well as markedly lower apolipoprotein A-I levels (25 and 39 mg/dl lower, respectively). In both Turkish and non-Turkish subjects, the mean body mass index was <27 kg/m2, the mean triglyceride level was <120 mg/dl, and the mean total cholesterol was 170-180 mg/dl. The mean hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was 21% and 31% higher in Turkish men and women, respectively, than in non-Turkish men and women, and remained higher even after subjects with a body mass index >50th percentile for men and women in the United States were excluded from the analysis. As no dietary or behavioral factors have been identified in the Turkish population that account for increased hepatic triglyceride lipase activity, the elevation most likely has a genetic basis. high density lipoprotein in a normotriglyceridemic, nonobese Turkish population.  (+info)

Results of three to 10 year follow up of balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve. (5/11504)

BACKGROUND: The results of immediate and short term follow up of balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve have been well documented, but there is limited information on long term follow up. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of three to 10 year follow up of balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve in children and adolescents. SETTING: Tertiary care centre/university hospital. DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS AND RESULTS: 85 patients (aged between 1 day and 20 years, mean (SD) 7.0 (6.4) years) underwent balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve during an 11 year period ending August 1994. There was a resultant reduction in the peak to peak gradient from 87 (38) to 26 (22) mm Hg. Immediate surgical intervention was not required. Residual gradients of 29 (17) mm Hg were measured by catheterisation (n = 47) and echo Doppler (n = 82) at intermediate term follow up (two years). When individual results were scrutinised, nine of 82 patients had restenosis, defined as a peak gradient of 50 mm Hg or more. Seven of these patients underwent repeat balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve: peak gradients were reduced from 89 (40) to 38 (20) mm Hg. Clinical evaluation and echo Doppler data of 80 patients showed that residual peak instantaneous Doppler gradients were 17 (15) mm Hg at long term follow up (three to 10 years, median seven), with evidence for late restenosis in one patient (1.3%). Surgical intervention was necessary to relieve fixed infundibular stenosis in three patients and supravalvar pulmonary stenosis in one. Repeat balloon dilatation was performed to relieve restenosis in two patients. Actuarial reintervention free rates at one, two, five, and 10 years were 94%, 89%, 88%, and 84%, respectively. Pulmonary valve regurgitation was noted in 70 of 80 patients at late follow up, but neither right ventricular dilatation nor paradoxical interventricular septal motion developed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of late follow up of balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve are excellent. Repeat balloon dilatation was performed in 11% of patients and surgical intervention for subvalvlar or supravalvar stenosis in 5%. Most patients had mild residual pulmonary regurgitation but right ventricular volume overload was not required. Balloon dilatation is the treatment of choice in the management of moderate to severe stenosis of the pulmonary valve. Further follow up studies should be undertaken to evaluate the significance of residual pulmonary regurgitation.  (+info)

Cyclical etidronate increases bone density in the spine and hip of postmenopausal women receiving long term corticosteroid treatment. A double blind, randomised placebo controlled study. (6/11504)

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of cyclic etidronate in secondary prevention of corticosteroid induced osteoporosis. METHODS: A double blind, randomised placebo controlled study comparing cyclic etidronate and placebo during two years in 37 postmenopausal women receiving long term corticosteroid treatment, mainly for polymyalgia rheumatica (40% of the patients) and rheumatoid arthritis (30%). Bone density was measured in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and femoral trochanter. RESULTS: After two years of treatment there was a significant difference between the groups in mean per cent change from baseline in bone density in the spine in favour of etidronate (p = 0.003). The estimated treatment difference (mean (SD)) was 9.3 (2.1)%. Etidronate increased bone density in the spine (4.9 (2.1)%, p < 0.05) whereas the placebo group lost bone (-2.4 (1.6)%). At the femoral neck there was an estimated difference of 5.3 (2.6)% between the groups (etidronate: 3.6% (1.4)%, p < 0.05, placebo: -2.4 (2.1)%). The estimated difference at the trochanter was 8.2 (3.0) (etidronate: 9.0 (1.5)%, p < 0.0001, placebo: 0.5 (2.3)%). No significant bone loss occurred in the hip in placebo treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclic etidronate is an effective treatment for postmenopausal women receiving corticosteroid treatment and is well tolerated.  (+info)

Progression from colorectal adenoma to carcinoma is associated with non-random chromosomal gains as detected by comparative genomic hybridisation. (7/11504)

AIMS: Chromosomal gains and losses were surveyed by comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) in a series of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas, in search of high risk genomic changes involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS: Nine colorectal adenomas and 14 carcinomas were analysed by CGH, and DNA ploidy was assessed with both flow and image cytometry. RESULTS: In the nine adenomas analysed, an average of 6.6 (range 1 to 11) chromosomal aberrations were identified. In the 14 carcinomas an average of 11.9 (range 5 to 17) events were found per tumour. In the adenomas the number of gains and losses was in balance (3.6 v 3.0) while in carcinomas gains occurred more often than losses (8.2 v 3.7). Frequent gains involved 13q, 7p, 8q, and 20q, whereas losses most often occurred at 18q, 4q, and 8p. Gains of 13q, 8q, and 20q, and loss of 18q occurred more often in carcinomas than in adenomas (p = 0.005, p = 0.05, p = 0.05, and p = 0.02, respectively). Aneuploid tumours showed more gains than losses (mean 9.3 v 4.9, p = 0.02), in contrast to diploid tumours where gains and losses were nearly balanced (mean 3.1 v 4.1, p = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: The most striking difference between chromosomal aberrations in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas, as detected by CGH, is an increased number of chromosomal gains that show a nonrandom distribution. Gains of 13q and also of 20q and 8q seem especially to be involved in the progression of adenomas to carcinomas, possibly owing to low level overexpression of oncogenes at these loci.  (+info)

Effect of 5-HT4 receptor stimulation on the pacemaker current I(f) in human isolated atrial myocytes. (8/11504)

OBJECTIVE: 5-HT4 receptors are present in human atrial cells and their stimulation has been implicated in the genesis of atrial arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation. An I(f)-like current has been recorded in human atrial myocytes, where it is modulated by beta-adrenergic stimulation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on I(f) electrophysiological properties, in order to get an insight into the possible contribution of I(f) to the arrhythmogenic action of 5-HT in human atria. METHODS: Human atrial myocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion from samples of atrial appendage of patients undergoing coeffective cardiac surgery. Patch-clamped cells were superfused with a modified Tyrode's solution in order to amplify I(f) and reduce overlapping currents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A time-dependent, cesium-sensitive increasing inward current, that we had previously described having the electrophysiological properties of the pacemaker current I(f), was elicited by negative steps (-60 to -130 mV) from a holding potential of -40 mV. Boltzmann fit of control activation curves gave a midpoint (V1/2) of -88.9 +/- 2.6 mV (n = 14). 5-HT (1 microM) consistently caused a positive shift of V1/2 of 11.0 +/- 2.0 mV (n = 8, p < 0.001) of the activation curve toward less negative potentials, thus increasing the amount of current activated by clamp steps near the physiological maximum diastolic potential of these cells. The effect was dose-dependent, the EC50 being 0.14 microM. Maximum current amplitude was not changed by 5-HT. 5-HT did not increase I(f) amplitude when the current was maximally activated by cAMP perfused into the cell. The selective 5-HT4 antagonists, DAU 6285 (10 microM) and GR 125487 (1 microM), completely prevented the effect of 5-HT on I(f). The shift of V1/2 caused by 1 microM 5-HT in the presence of DAU 6285 or GR 125487 was 0.3 +/- 1 mV (n = 6) and 1.0 +/- 0.6 mV (n = 5), respectively (p < 0.01 versus 5-HT alone). The effect of 5-HT4 receptor blockade was specific, since neither DAU 6285 nor GR 125487 prevented the effect of 1 microM isoprenaline on I(f). Thus, 5-HT4 stimulation increases I(f) in human atrial myocytes; this effect may contribute to the arrhythmogenic action of 5-HT in human atrium.  (+info)

Nonparametric tests for the pathwise properties of semimartingalesNonparametric tests for the pathwise properties of semimartingales
We propose two nonparametric tests for investigating the pathwise properties of a signal modeled as the sum of a Lévy process and a Brownian semimartingale. Using a nonparametric threshold estimator for the continuous component of the quadratic variation, we design a test for the presence of a continuous martingale component in the process and a test for establishing whether the jumps have finite or infinite variation, based on observations on a discrete-time grid. We evaluate the performance of our tests using simulations of various stochastic models and use the tests to investigate the fine structure of the DM/USD exchange rate fluctuations and SPX futures prices. In both cases, our tests reveal the presence of a non-zero Brownian component and a finite variation jump component.
Section 8.5 - Section 8.5 A Nonparametric Test The two-sample t-test even for the normal populations may not be the best or the...Section 8.5 - Section 8.5 A Nonparametric Test The two-sample t-test even for the normal populations may not be the best or the...
View Notes - Section 8.5 from STT 351 at Michigan State University. Section 8.5 A Nonparametric Test The two-sample t-test even for the normal populations may not be the best or the most powerful
EconPapers: A CONSISTENT NONPARAMETRIC TEST FOR CAUSALITY IN QUANTILEEconPapers: A CONSISTENT NONPARAMETRIC TEST FOR CAUSALITY IN QUANTILE
By Kiho Jeong, Wolfgang Härdle and Song Song; Abstract: This paper proposes a nonparametric test of Granger causality in quantile. Zheng (1998, Econometric Theory 14, 123-138)
S-WoPEc: The relative efficiency of active labour market policy: evidence from a social experiment and non-parametric methodsS-WoPEc: The relative efficiency of active labour market policy: evidence from a social experiment and non-parametric methods
Abstract: We reanalyze the effects of a Danish active labour market program social experiment, that included a range of sub-treatments, including monitoring, job search assistance and training. Previous studies have shown that the overall effect of the experiment is positive. We apply newly developed non-parametric methods to determine which of the individual policies that explains the positive effect. The use of non-parametric methods to separate sub-treatment effects is important from a methodological point of view, since the alternative, namely parametric/distributional assumptions, is in conflict with the concept of experimental evidence. Our results are highly relevant in a policy perspective, as optimal labour market policy design requires knowledge on the effectiveness of specific policy measures. Keywords: Active labour market policy; treatment effect; non-parametric bounds JEL-codes: C14; C41; C93 29 pages, June 27, 2011 Full text files ...
October | 2016 | Gene editing with CRISPROctober | 2016 | Gene editing with CRISPR
check the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or the matched-pairs Wilcoxon rank-sum test. mDC-mediated and cell-free infections (> .05 Wilcoxon matched-pairs rank-sum test). This suggests that the amounts of infectious virus in the assay were similar in mDC-mediated and cell-free infections. Figure 1. Target cells were exposed to Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate (AMGZ) similar amounts of infectious virus when… Read Article →. ...
Paired and Unpaired Two Samples Tests about the Mean - Free Statistics and Forecasting Software (Calculators) v.1.2.1Paired and Unpaired Two Samples Tests about the Mean - Free Statistics and Forecasting Software (Calculators) v.1.2.1
This free online software (calculator) computes various types of parametric and non-parametric tests for comparing the means of two paired or unpaired samples: classical Paired Two Sample t-Test, classical Unpaired Two Sample t-Test, Welch t-Test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test (Mann-Whitney U Test).
Nonparametric Test of Independence for Censored Data.Nonparametric Test of Independence for Censored Data.
In an effort to widen the area of applicability of the self-consistent estimator of a bivariate survival distribution developed earlier to more complex situations, the following situation of double censoring was considered. The Nonparametric Estimation of a Bivariate Survivorship Function with Doubly Censored Data: Frequently are doubly censored-that is, some of the data may be censored on the left (late entries) some on the right (losses) while some others may be uncensored (deaths). Keywords: Computations, Iterations. (kr)*BIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Nonparametric Regression Methods For Longitudinal Data Analysis Mixed Effects Modeling Approaches PDF Book - Golden Resource...Nonparametric Regression Methods For Longitudinal Data Analysis Mixed Effects Modeling Approaches PDF Book - Golden Resource...
Incorporates Mixed Effects Modeling Techniques For More Powerful And Efficient Methods This Book Presents Current And Effective Nonparametric Regression Techniques For Longitudinal Data Analysis And Systematically Investigates The Incorporation Of Mixed Effects Modeling Techniques Into Various Nonparametric Regression Models
Diindolylmethane in Treating Patients Undergoing Surgery for Stage I or Stage II Prostate Cancer - Full Text View -...Diindolylmethane in Treating Patients Undergoing Surgery for Stage I or Stage II Prostate Cancer - Full Text View -...
The distribution of levels of DIM will be summarized by treatment arm with descriptive statistics. For the primary comparison between the placebo group and the DIM groups combined, tissue levels of DIM will be compared using Student t-test. In the case of violation of normality assumptions, an appropriate transformation of the data such as logarithm will be considered or a nonparametric test such as Wilcoxon rank-sum test will be used for comparison. A dose-response relation will be explored based on the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA ...
Multivariate nonparametric tests of independenceMultivariate nonparametric tests of independence
New test statistics are proposed for testing whether two random vectors are independent. Gieser and Randles, as well as Taskinen, Kankainen, and Oja have introduced and discussed multivariate extensions of the quadrant test of Blomqvist. This article serves as a sequel to this work and presents new multivariate extensions of Kendalls tau and Spearmans rho statistics. Two different approaches are discussed. First, interdirection proportions are used to estimate the cosines of angles between centered observation vectors and between differences of observation vectors. Second, covariances between affine-equivariant multivariate signs and ranks are used. The test statistics arising from these two approaches appear to be asymptotically equivalent if each vector is elliptically symmetric. The spatial sign versions are easy to compute for data in common dimensions, and they provide practical, robust alternatives to normal-theory methods. Asymptotic theory is developed to approximate the finite-sample ...
Whitney recovering from stroke | Daily Racing FormWhitney recovering from stroke | Daily Racing Form
Email. Saratoga socialite and Thoroughbred owner Marylou Whitney is recuperating on her Kentucky estate after suffering a minor stroke on Memorial Day. The stroke has forced Whitney to cancel her popular Whitney Ball, held annually the eve of the Whitney Handicap at Saratoga. "I debated whether to maintain my Saratoga schedule, because I did not want to let anyone down," Whitney said in a statement released by her husband, John Hendrickson. "But, after talking with John and my doctors, I decided I must look after my health first. Im sorry, Im really sorry." In her statement, Whitney said that doctors "are optimistic that I will make a 100-percent recovery, and I plan on resuming my parties and events next year." Hendrickson said Whitney would make an appearance at some point during the Saratoga meet. "Saratoga is so deep in her soul," Hendrickson said Tuesday by phone. "She just has to be there." "The thought of being back in Saratoga gives me great inspiration to get better," Whitney said in ...
KAKEN - Research Projects | Nonparametric tests for economic models (KAKENHI-PROJECT-14530031)KAKEN - Research Projects | Nonparametric tests for economic models (KAKENHI-PROJECT-14530031)
Principal Investigator：HITOMI Kohtaro, Project Period (FY)：2002 - 2004, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Section：一般, Research Field：Economic statistics
Sparrho | A Nonparametric Test for the Equivalence of Populations BasSparrho | A Nonparametric Test for the Equivalence of Populations Bas
We propose a new measure of proximity of samples based on confidence limits for the bulk of a population constructed using order statistics. For this measure of
EXACT Statement :: SAS/STAT(R) 14.1 Users GuideEXACT Statement :: SAS/STAT(R) 14.1 User's Guide
The statistic-options specify which exact tests to compute. Table 83.3 lists the available statistic-options and the exact statistics that are computed. Descriptions of the statistic-options follow Table 83.3 in alphabetical order. Exact p-values are available for all nonparametric tests of location and scale differences that are produced by PROC NPAR1WAY. These include tests based on the following scores: Wilcoxon, median, Van der Waerden (normal), Savage, Siegel-Tukey, Ansari-Bradley, Klotz, Mood, and Conover. Additionally, exact p-values are available for tests that use the raw input data as scores. The procedure computes exact p-values when the data are classified into two levels (two-sample tests) and when the data are classified into more than two levels (multisample tests). Two-sample tests are based on simple linear rank statistics. Multisample tests are based on one-way ANOVA statistics. Exact p-values are also available for the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Exact confidence ...
American options with stochastic dividends and volatility: A nonparametric investigationAmerican options with stochastic dividends and volatility: A nonparametric investigation
Downloadable (with restrictions)! In this paper, we consider American option contracts when the underlying asset has stochastic dividends and stochastic volatility. We provide a full discussion of the theoretical foundations of American option valuation and exercise boundaries. We show how they depend on the various sources of uncertainty which drive dividend rates and volatility, and derive equilibrium asset prices, derivative prices and optimal exercise boundaries in a general equilibrium model. The theoretical models yield fairly complex expressions which are difficult to estimate. We therefore adopt a nonparametric approach which enables us to investigate reduced forms. Indeed, we use nonparametric methods to estimate call prices and exercise boundaries conditional on dividends and volatility. Since the latter is a latent process, we propose several approaches, notably using EGARCH filtered estimates, implied and historical volatilities. The nonparametric approach allows us to test whether call
A Nonparametric Kernel Representation of the Agricultural Production Function: Implications for Economic Measures of TechnologyA Nonparametric Kernel Representation of the Agricultural Production Function: Implications for Economic Measures of Technology
Downloadable! The issue of production function estimation has received recent attention, particularly in agricultural economics with the advent of precision farming. Yet, the evidence to date is far from unanimous on the proper form of the production function. This paper reexamines the use of the primal production function framework using nonparametric regression techniques. Specifically, the paper demonstrates how a nonparametric regression based on a kernel density estimator can be used to estimate a production function using data on corn production from Illinois and Indiana. Nonparametric results are compared to common parametric specifications using the Nadaraya-Watson kernel regression estimator. The parametric and nonparametric forms are also compared in terms of describing the true technology of the firm by obtaining measures of the elasticity of scale and the marginal physical product through nonparametric estimation of the gradient of the production surface. Finally, the elasticities of
Fields Institute - Nonparametric Statistics ConferenceFields Institute - Nonparametric Statistics Conference
Following the tradition of Carleton University yet another International Conference on Nonparametric methods for Measurement Error Models and Related topics has been arranged. In recent years, the scope of application of measurement error models has widened in biostatistics, bio -pharmakinetics , and DNA analysis to name a few among others. Our aim is to rejuvenate the research activity in nonparametric statistics by bringing scholars from all around the globe in this conference to exchange ideas for future developments to meet the need of application . Although, there is vast amount of literature on this topic, there is slow growth in developing robust inference techniques such as rank test and estimation , shrinkage estimation and S-test and estimation in measurement error models. This conference will focus on the current activities in parametric and nonparametric methods and consider new directions on the approach one should take developing these area of research ...
Plus itPlus it
To study the temporal pattern of modulation with a finer time resolution and across all the trials, we used a sliding window of 100 ms to bin both behavior and the firing rate. For each cell and each time bin, we obtained a trial-by-trial distribution of neural and behavioral responses. We then quantified the difference between the target speeds or reward conditions by calculating D′ (see Materials and Methods) or by testing for a significant difference using a nonparametric test (p , 0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Figure 3B shows the distribution of spike counts and eye speeds for the sample neuron we present in Figure 1D (left) in the time window from 150 to 250 ms after motion onset. The D′ value for the target speed quantifies the difference between the distributions depicted in blue and black, and the D′ value for the reward size measures the difference between the distributions depicted in blue and red. In this specific neuron at this specific time window, the neural activity ...
Nonparametric regression penalizing deviations from additivity - Zurich Open Repository and ArchiveNonparametric regression penalizing deviations from additivity - Zurich Open Repository and Archive
Due to the curse of dimensionality, estimation in a multidimensional nonparametric regression model is in general not feasible. Hence, additional restrictions are introduced, and the additive model takes a prominent place. The restrictions imposed can lead to serious bias. Here, a new estimator is proposed which allows penalizing the nonadditive part of a regression function. This offers a smooth choice between the full and the additive model. As a byproduct, this penalty leads to a regularization in sparse regions. If the additive model does not hold, a small penalty introduces an additional bias compared to the full model which is compensated by the reduced bias due to using smaller bandwidths ...
Decision Support Using Nonparametric Statistics | SpringerLinkDecision Support Using Nonparametric Statistics | SpringerLink
nonparametric statistics business decision making hypothesis development and testing sampling error margin of error spreadsheet development four levels of measurement parametric statistics binomial probability chi-square contingency table Mann-Whitney U Test Kruskall-Wallis Test Spearmans Rank Correlation Excel statistics ...
View source - SocrView source - Socr
SOCR_EduMaterials_AnalysesActivities , SOCR Analysis Activities]] - Fligner-Killeen Non-parametric Test== ===Overview of the test Fligner-Killeen=== The [[AP_Statistics_Curriculum_2007_NonParam_VarIndep , Fligner-Killeen test]] is a non-parametric test comparing whether k samples have equal variances. Some alternative statistical tests, for example the [[EBook#Chapter_XI:_Analysis_of_Variance_.28ANOVA.29 , analysis of variance]], assume that variances are equal across groups or samples. ===Examples=== ====Example 1==== Go to the [http://www.socr.ucla.edu/htmls/ana/FlignerKilleen_Analysis.html SOCR Fligner-Killeen Non-parametric Test Applet]. This example is based on a dataset from the R package under the library MASS. The datasets name is [http://projetos.inpa.gov.br/i3geo/pacotes/r/win/library/datasets/html/InsectSprays.html InsectSprays]. In [[SOCR_EduMaterials_AnalysisActivities_FlignerKilleen#InsectSprays_dataset , this dataset]], there are two variables: count, which is ...
Dalia Ghanem, University of California, San Diego - Agricultural and Resource Economics, UC DavisDalia Ghanem, University of California, San Diego - Agricultural and Resource Economics, UC Davis
In many empirical settings involving microeconomic panel data, the researchers objective is to identify the average partial effect of a variable on an outcome of interest. Thisi paper examines nonparametric identification of average partial effects in this setting and proposes tests of identifying assumptions that do not rely on functional-form restrictions. The paper first studies the nonparametric identification problem starting from a data-generating process that exhibits both individual and time heterogeneity. The trade-off between identifying assumptions that restrict individual and/or time heterogeneity is formally characterized. The paper then proposes a menu of identifying assumptions that the empirical researcher may choose from. To test the identifying assumptions, bootstrap-adjusted Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cramer-von-Mises statistics are proposed and are shown to be asymptotically valid. The tests include a nonparametric test of the fixed effects assumption, which is applied to the ...
Kolmogorov-Smirnov TestKolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Since the test statistic D is smaller than the critical value we cant reject the null hypothesis that the two distributions are the same.. To illustrate a difference between distributions, suppose your data have a Poisson distribution as in:. ...
Mann Whitney test > Test Difference in Location > Compare groups > Analyse-it Standard edition | Analyse-it® 2.30...Mann Whitney test > Test Difference in Location > Compare groups > Analyse-it Standard edition | Analyse-it® 2.30...
The report shows the number of observations analysed, and, if applicable, how many missing values were excluded. Summary statistics for the ranks of each sample are also shown. The Mann Whitney statistic and hypothesis test are shown. The p-value is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis, that the samples have the same median, when it is in fact true. A significant p-value implies that the two samples have different medians.. METHOD When the number of observations in each sample is ≤15 an exact p-value is calculated, based on the assumption of no ties (see [2]). If a few ties are present (the number of ties is shown next to the p-value) the p-value will be conservative, though if more than 10% of the observations are tied then the p-value is unreliable. For ,15 observations a normal approximation, with correction for ties, is used (see [2]).. ...
SAT0494 Evaluation of Conventional Assessment of Tocilizumab Therapy in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis using FDG-PET/CT |...SAT0494 Evaluation of Conventional Assessment of Tocilizumab Therapy in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis using FDG-PET/CT |...
Methods Fifteen RA patients treated with TCZ were assessed. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) were performed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after the initiation of the therapies. The maximal SUV (SUVmax) of the bilateral shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle joints were summed up (total SUV) and used for the assessment of the FDG uptake as a representative value. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was applied to compare the clinical evaluations between baseline and each observation period. Spearmans rank correlation test was used to assess the correlation between the Δ SUV and the difference of the clinical parameters.. ...
Empower Microsoft Excel with accurate statistics and powerful data analysis | AnalystSoft | StatPlus:mac | StatPlus | BioStat...Empower Microsoft Excel with accurate statistics and powerful data analysis | AnalystSoft | StatPlus:mac | StatPlus | BioStat...
BioStat user-friendly biology and medicine oriented statistical software.basic statistics,determining descriptive statistics,normality tests,T-Test/Pagurova Criterion/G-Criterion,Fisher F-test,correlation coefficients (Pearson, Fechner) and covariation,ANOVA (MANOVA, GLM ANOVA, Latin squares analysis),regression analysis,multivariate linear regression,logistic regression,stepwise regression,polynomial regression,Cox proportional-hazards regression,nonparametric statistics,2x2 Tables Analysis (Chi-square, Yates Chi-square, Exact Fisher Test, etc.),rank correlations (Kendall Tau, Spearman R, Gamma, etc.),comparing independent samples (Mann-Whitney U Test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test, Rosenbaum Criterion;Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, median test),comparing dependent samples (Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test, Sign Test, Friedman ANOVA, Kendalls Coeff. of Concordance),Cochran Q Test,survival analysis, ,Cox regression,probit-analysis,LD50, LD50SE, cumulation coefficient, LD100 calculation.
Store | AnalystSoft | StatPlus:mac | StatPlus | BioStat | StatFiStore | AnalystSoft | StatPlus:mac | StatPlus | BioStat | StatFi
BioStat user-friendly biology and medicine oriented statistical software.basic statistics,determining descriptive statistics,normality tests,T-Test/Pagurova Criterion/G-Criterion,Fisher F-test,correlation coefficients (Pearson, Fechner) and covariation,ANOVA (MANOVA, GLM ANOVA, Latin squares analysis),regression analysis,multivariate linear regression,logistic regression,stepwise regression,polynomial regression,Cox proportional-hazards regression,nonparametric statistics,2x2 Tables Analysis (Chi-square, Yates Chi-square, Exact Fisher Test, etc.),rank correlations (Kendall Tau, Spearman R, Gamma, etc.),comparing independent samples (Mann-Whitney U Test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test, Rosenbaum Criterion;Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, median test),comparing dependent samples (Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test, Sign Test, Friedman ANOVA, Kendalls Coeff. of Concordance),Cochran Q Test,survival analysis, ,Cox regression,probit-analysis,LD50, LD50SE, cumulation coefficient, LD100 calculation.
Prognostic Value of Quantitative Stress Perfusion Cardiac Magnetic Resonance | JACC: Cardiovascular ImagingPrognostic Value of Quantitative Stress Perfusion Cardiac Magnetic Resonance | JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging
Statistical analysis was performed by 2 of the authors (S.S. and T.I.). Data for categorical variables are presented as frequencies and percentages. Data for continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD or as median and interquartile range (IQR) depending on normality. The study cohort was stratified according to the presence or absence of events during follow-up.. Differences between categorical variables were evaluated using Fisher exact test. Comparisons between continuous variables were performed with the independent samples Student t test or using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test as appropriate. Two-tailed p values ,0.05 were considered significant.. Survival risk classifiers were built using penalized Cox proportional hazards models with a L1-(Lasso) penalty. Double-loop, cross-validation with 500 restarts was used to obtain robust unbiased estimates of predictive strength as outlined by Simon et al. (33). A baseline model was built containing established prognostic variables (age, sex, and ...
Hypothesis Testing - Parametric and Nonparametric StatisticsHypothesis Testing - Parametric and Nonparametric Statistics
Can the formal hypothesis testing approach be used for non parametric tests? a. How are parametric and nonparametric statistics different? b. How are parametric and nonparametric statistics.
wilcoxon signed-rank test | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats Forumwilcoxon signed-rank test | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats Forum
Paired data statistical method help? I have a set of data that I would like to test a hypothesis against (H0: Mean Difference = 0 vs. H1: Mean Difference ,, 0). I have a time 1 and time 2 data (paired data) after some form of treatment. n=65 and scores range from 0-10. My data is non-normal and ...
Adventures in Raising a Disabled Child: Whitney SharingAdventures in Raising a Disabled Child: Whitney Sharing
We get notes home with Whitney every day after school so we know what she has done and we can talk with her about it. This is something we really appreciate. But lately Whitney has begun telling us details about her day all by herself. One day last week Whit arrived home from school and excitedly signed to Melanie "dog" and "pet." Melanie is so in tune with our daugher. She asked, "Did you get to pet a dog at school today?" Whitney nodded excitedly. Overhearing this conversation as Whit climbed off the bus, the bus aide confirmed that one of the little boys at the elementary school had brought his dog and had let Whitney pet it on her way out to the school bus ...
The AstroStat Slog » FrequentistThe AstroStat Slog » Frequentist
When it comes to applying statistics for measuring goodness-of-fit, the Pearson χ2 test is the dominant player in a race and the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test statistic trails far behind. Although it seems almost invisible in this race, there are more various non-parametric statistics for testing goodness-of-fit and for comparing the sampling distribution to a reference distribution as legitimate race participants trained by many statisticians. Listing their names probably useful to some astronomers when they find the underlying assumptions for the χ2 test do not match the data. Perhaps, some astronomers want to try other nonparametric test statistics other than the K-S test. Ive seen other test statistics in astronomical journals from time to time. Depending on data and statistical properties, one test statistic could work better than the other; therefore, its worthwhile to keep the variety in ones mind that there are other tests beyond the χ2 test goodness-of-fit test statistic. Continue ...
The AstroStat Slog » testsThe AstroStat Slog » tests
When it comes to applying statistics for measuring goodness-of-fit, the Pearson χ2 test is the dominant player in a race and the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test statistic trails far behind. Although it seems almost invisible in this race, there are more various non-parametric statistics for testing goodness-of-fit and for comparing the sampling distribution to a reference distribution as legitimate race participants trained by many statisticians. Listing their names probably useful to some astronomers when they find the underlying assumptions for the χ2 test do not match the data. Perhaps, some astronomers want to try other nonparametric test statistics other than the K-S test. Ive seen other test statistics in astronomical journals from time to time. Depending on data and statistical properties, one test statistic could work better than the other; therefore, its worthwhile to keep the variety in ones mind that there are other tests beyond the χ2 test goodness-of-fit test statistic. Continue ...
Reporting Non-Parametric Data: Median or Mean (or both)? | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats ForumReporting Non-Parametric Data: Median or Mean (or both)? | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats Forum
At the most simple level, my question is which descriptive statistics are the most kosher for reporting when using nonparametric tests like Mann-Whitney and...
Parametric v non-parametric methods for data analysis. - Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal...Parametric v non-parametric methods for data analysis. - Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal...
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P-curve analysis for neural correlates of BM motion perception in infancy: disclosure table - Google SheetsP-curve analysis for neural correlates of BM motion perception in infancy: disclosure table - Google Sheets
Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used within each 100-msec epoch in order to test for statistical significance between the waveforms to the canonical and scrambled stimuli within each electrode site. This non-parametric test was preferred because of non-normality in the distribution of the ERP amplitudes. At mid-parietal and occipital sites, the canonical stimuli produced a more positive-going waveform relative to the scrambled stimuli. The statistical comparison of the two conditions revealed a significant difference (p , .05) over a relatively long period of stimulus presentation (800-2,000 msec) at the left mid-parietal site (P3), with a difference over a shorter epoch (1,300 - 1,800 msec) being apparent for the right mid-parietal site (P4). At occipital sites, there was a significant difference (p , .05) in the right hemisphere (O2) between 800 and 1,300 msec, but there were no significant differences at the left occipital site (O1). At lateral parietal and temporal sites, the waveform ...
Example 28.8: Computing Friedmans Chi-Square StatisticExample 28.8: Computing Friedman's Chi-Square Statistic
Friedmans test is a nonparametric test for treatment differences in a randomized complete block design. Each block of the design may be a subject or a homogeneous group of subjects. If blocks are groups of subjects, the number of subjects in each block must equal the number of treatments. Treatments are randomly assigned to subjects within each block. If there is one subject per block, then the subjects are repeatedly measured once under each treatment. The order of treatments is randomized for each subject. In this setting, Friedmans test is identical to the ANOVA (row means scores) CMH statistic when the analysis uses rank scores (SCORES=RANK). The three-way table uses subject (or subject group) as the stratifying variable, treatment as the row variable, and response as the column variable. PROC FREQ handles ties by assigning midranks to tied response values. If there are multiple subjects per treatment in each block, the ANOVA CMH statistic is a generalization of Friedmans test. The data ...
Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approachComparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach
Methods of evaluating and comparing the performance of diagnostic tests are of increasing importance as new tests are developed and marketed. When a test is based on an observed variable that lies on a continuous or graded scale, an assessment of the overall value of the test can be made through the …
Topic: Hypothesis TestingTopic: Hypothesis Testing
One legacy of the Iraq War will be the unstated but implied "so-called" Rumsfeld Test. This was suggested serendipitously from a Department of Defense news briefing on Feb. 12, 2002. The Secretary stated, "Reports that say that something hasnt happened are always interesting to me because as we know, there are known knowns; these are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we dont know. But there are also unknown unknowns - the ones we dont know we dont know."(This sounds like gibberish but Rummey is on to something here) Now Mr. Secretary, to validate your intelligence work, we suggest that you look at a fourth category of perceiving something unknown that is really known (Yes we said that), and this gives us the basis for a neat 2x2 chi-square test. This would be the famed nonparametric test of independence whose table of observed (O) and expected (E) counts of Intelligence Items appears for each cell in the above ...
CRAN - Package skedasticCRAN - Package skedastic
Implements numerous methods for detecting heteroskedasticity (sometimes called heteroscedasticity) in the classical linear regression model. These include the parametric and nonparametric tests of Goldfeld and Quandt (1965) ,doi:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480811,, the test of Glejser (1969) ,doi:10.1080/01621459.1969.10500976, as formulated by Mittelhammer, Judge and Miller (2000, ISBN: 0-521-62394-4), the BAMSET Test of Ramsey (1969) ,doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1969.tb00796.x,, which uses the BLUS residuals derived by Theil (1965) ,doi:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480851,, the test of Harvey (1976) ,doi:10.2307/1913974,, the test of Breusch and Pagan (1979) ,doi:10.2307/1911963, with and without the modification proposed by Koenker (1981) ,doi:10.1016/0304-4076(81)90062-2,, the test of White (1980) ,doi:10.2307/1912934,, the test and graphical Cook and Weisberg (1983) ,doi:10.1093/biomet/70.1.1,, and the test of Li and Yao (2019) ,doi:10.1016/j.ecosta.2018.01.001,. Homoskedasticity refers to the ...
Non-parametric Tests - SAGE Research MethodsNon-parametric Tests - SAGE Research Methods
|p|Statistics for Health Care Professionals is an accessible guide to understanding statistics within health care practice. Focusing on quantitative approaches
Usage of ANOVA, Non-Parametric testsUsage of ANOVA, Non-Parametric tests
1. Can you think of an example where the analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be used? How is ANOVA being used in the workplace, or how should it be used? 2. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine if there is a difference.
AP Statistics Curriculum 2007 Contingency Fit - SocrAP Statistics Curriculum 2007 Contingency Fit - Socr
The chi-square test is used to test if a data sample comes from a population with a specific characteristics. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test is applied to binned data (data put into classes or categoris). In most situations, the data histogram or frequency histogram may be obtained and the chi-square test may be applied to these (frequency) values. The chi-square test requires a sufficient sample size in order for the chi-square approximation to be valid. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov is an alternative to the Chi-square goodness-of-fit test. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test may also be applied to discrete distributions such as the binomial and the Poisson. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is restricted to continuous distributions. ...
Determining the appropriate sample size for nonparametric tests for location shiftDetermining the appropriate sample size for nonparametric tests for location shift
For the case in which two independent samples arc to be compared using a nonparametric test for location shift, we propose a bootstrap technique for estimating the sample sizes required to achieve a specified power. The estimator (called BOOT) uses information from a small pilot experiment. For the special case of the Wilcoxon test, a simulation study is conducted to compare BOOT to two other sample-size estimators. One method (called ANPV) is based on the assumption that the underlying distribution is normal with a variance estimated from the pilot data. The other method (called NOETHER) adapts the sample size formula of Noether for use with a location-shift alternative. The BOOT and NOETHER sample-size estimators are particularly appropriate for this nonparametric setting because they do not require assumptions about the shape of the underlying continuous probability distribution. The simulation study shows that (a) sample size estimates can have large uncertainty, (b) BOOT is at least as ...
A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach to Single Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer<...A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach to Single Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach to Single Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. AU - Sgouralis, Ioannis. AU - Madaan, Shreya. AU - Djutanta, Franky. AU - Kha, Rachael. AU - Hariadi, Rizal. AU - Presse, Steve. PY - 2019/1/24. Y1 - 2019/1/24. N2 - We develop a Bayesian nonparametric framework to analyze single molecule FRET (smFRET) data. This framework, a variation on infinite hidden Markov models, goes beyond traditional hidden Markov analysis, which already treats photon shot noise, in three critical ways: (1) it learns the number of molecular states present in a smFRET time trace (a hallmark of nonparametric approaches), (2) it accounts, simultaneously and self-consistently, for photophysical features of donor and acceptor fluorophores (blinking kinetics, spectral cross-talk, detector quantum efficiency), and (3) it treats background photons. Point 2 is essential in reducing the tendency of nonparametric approaches to overinterpret noisy single molecule time traces and ...
Basic Sampling and Non-Parametric Methods | Eastern Africa Statistical Training CentreBasic Sampling and Non-Parametric Methods | Eastern Africa Statistical Training Centre
This course is meant for students of agricultural statistics other than Statistics. The students would be exposed to non-parametric tests and basic sampling techniques. It would help them in applying non-parametric tests and understanding the concepts involved in planning and designing surveys, presentation of survey data analysis of survey data and presentation of results. This course would be especially important to the students of social sciences. Exercises on various Non-parametric tests; Random sampling, Use of random number tables, Simple random sampling, Determination of sample size, Exercises on Inverse sampling, Stratified sampling, Cluster sampling and Systematic sampling, Estimation using Ratio and regression estimators, Estimation using Multistage design and Double sampling.. ...
An Approach to Nonparametric Bayesian Analysis for High Dimensional Longitudinal Data SetsAn Approach to Nonparametric Bayesian Analysis for High Dimensional Longitudinal Data Sets
The goal of this thesis is to develop a more powerful and flexible nonparametric method for the analysis of longitudinal data arising from high throughput biological assays, such as arise in next generation sequence analysis, proteomics and metabolomics, by expanding on an existing approach. The method compared 2 groups by testing for differences in the time to upcrossings and downcrossings for all possible levels using standard nonparametric statistical methods for testing for differences between event times that are subject to censoring. The main problem with nonparametric approaches is their lack of power relative to parametric alternatives, hence methods that aim to redress the shortcomings of nonparametric methods would provide researchers with an approach that greatly enhances their ability to analyze data sets that have a potential impact on human health. Hence in this thesis, we first develop a Bayesian counterpart to rank based tests using the Dirichlet process mixture (DPM) prior. Then ...
Download Extending The Linear Model With R Generalized Linear Mixed Effects And Nonparametric Regression ModelsDownload Extending The Linear Model With R Generalized Linear Mixed Effects And Nonparametric Regression Models
We will be the download extending the linear model with of the Arms Trade Treaty and the Rome Statute of the ICC. Our services to showcase capacity for average s data will treat. The engagement will stimulate the capital of OSB and have traditional fair and composite models to search areas inclusion and self-assembled use. In download extending the linear model with r generalized linear mixed effects and nonparametric regression with Indonesia, we will support a different Bali Process Crossref on addition study and flagship 1960s, including justice approach, generation position and pdf use. 1(11) International research, consular range and non-proliferation Overview The development independent space; economic porous Experience credentials against the mobility of assisting and, in interested objectives, underlying big assets. ecological districts in the South and East China Seas, Russia armed policy of Crimea, the urban growth and outreach of much weapons in Syria, and a strengthening solid ...
Chromosomal Radiosensitivity Analyzed by FISH in Lymphocytes of Prostate Cancer Patients and Healthy Donors | Radiation...Chromosomal Radiosensitivity Analyzed by FISH in Lymphocytes of Prostate Cancer Patients and Healthy Donors | Radiation...
It is known that about 5-10% of cancer patients show severe clinical side effects during and after radiotherapy due to enhanced sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Identification of those radiosensitive individuals by a reliable in vitro assay before onset of treatment would have a great impact on successful radiotherapy. We compared the radiosensitivity of the chromosomes 2, 11 and 17 in prostate cancer patients with and without severe side effects after radiotherapy and in age-matched healthy donors. Each cohort consisted of at least 10 donors. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were irradiated ex vivo with 0.5, 1 und 2 Gy (137Cs γ rays). We investigated the radiosensitivity of the chromosomes 2, 11 and 17 by scoring of 100 FISH painted metaphases for each dose point and donor group. Statistical analyses were performed by nonparametric tests as Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, paired Wilcoxon rank test, χ2 goodness-of-fit test and Spearman rank-order correlation at a significance level ...
Impact of a Positive Viral Polymerase Chain Reaction on Outcomes of Ch by Kulothungan Gunasekaran, Mudassar Ahmad et al."Impact of a Positive Viral Polymerase Chain Reaction on Outcomes of Ch" by Kulothungan Gunasekaran, Mudassar Ahmad et al.
INTRODUCTION: More than 15 million adults in the USA have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) places a high burden on the healthcare system. Many hospital admissions are due to an exacerbation, which is suspected to be from a viral cause. The purpose of this analysis was to compare the outcomes of patients with a positive and negative respiratory virus panel who were admitted to the hospital with COPD exacerbations. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Geisinger Healthcare System. The dataset included 2729 patient encounters between 1 January 2006 and 30 November 2017. Hospital length of stay was calculated as the discrete number of calendar days a patient was in the hospital. Patient encounters with a positive and negative respiratory virus panel were compared using Pearsons chi-square or Fishers exact test for categorical variables and Students t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous variables. RESULTS: There were
Multiple Biomarkers at Admission Significantly Improve the Prediction of Mortality in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous...Multiple Biomarkers at Admission Significantly Improve the Prediction of Mortality in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous...
Normally distributed continuous variables were compared with the Student t test and skewed-distributed with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Categorical variables were compared with the chi-square test. The prognostic value of the biomarkers was assessed by investigating the relationship between mortality and biomarkers in 2 sets of Cox proportional-hazards analyses: univariate analyses of single biomarkers and multivariate analysis including all biomarkers (multimarker). The univariate analyses were used to determine cutoff values for the biomarkers. These cutoff values were based on the quartiles of the individual biomarker levels. When hazard did not differ significantly between adjacent quartiles, as indicated by the p value from the Cox model, these were merged.. A multivariate model initially was developed incorporating the 5 biomarkers. Biomarkers with p < 0.05 by the Wald test were identified by backward selection. From the final model, a simplified score was obtained by putting weights to ...
Print - Biology-OnlinePrint - Biology-Online
From these formulae, adjusted femoral lengths were computed, against which are plotted the raw values for individual second and polar moments of area. Past research on Late Pleistocene human appendicular robusticity (1, 4, 17, 18) has provided conflicting assessments of the degree of contrast between these samples. Consequently, the distributions of measures of diaphyseal robusticity were statistically evaluated with an Ho of similarity. These degrees of similarity between the samples were assessed by using standard residuals from the pooled Late Pleistocene sample. They were compared between the late archaic and pooled early modern human samples by using unpaired Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and across combinations of multiple samples with Kruskal-Wallis tests. Patterns of Humeral Robusticity Assessments of Pleistocene diaphyseal robusticity frequently focus on percent cortical area. It sometimes is incorrectly referred to as a narrowing of the medullary canal (medullary stenosis), but it is ...
1712.01521v1] An Online Algorithm for Nonparametric Correlations1712.01521v1] An Online Algorithm for Nonparametric Correlations
Abstract: Nonparametric correlations such as Spearmans rank correlation and Kendalls tau correlation are widely applied in scientific and engineering fields. This paper investigates the problem of computing nonparametric correlations on the fly for streaming data. Standard batch algorithms are generally too slow to handle real-world big data applications. They also require too much memory because all the data need to be stored in the memory before processing. This paper proposes a novel online algorithm for computing nonparametric correlations. The algorithm has O(1) time complexity and O(1) memory cost and is quite suitable for edge devices, where only limited memory and processing power are available. You can seek a balance between speed and accuracy by changing the number of cutpoints specified in the algorithm. The online algorithm can compute the nonparametric correlations 10 to 1,000 times faster than the corresponding batch algorithm, and it can compute them based either on all past ...
Social Statistics - Hubert M. Blalock - Google BooksSocial Statistics - Hubert M. Blalock - Google Books
Purposes and limitations of statistics; Theory, measurement, and mathematics; Univariate descriptive statistics; Nominal scales: proportions, percentages and ratios; Interval scales: frequency distributions and graphics presentation; Interval scales: measures of central tendency; Measures of dispersion; The normal distribution; Inductive statistics; Introduction to inductive statistics; Probability; Testing hypotheses: the binomial distribution; Single-sample tests involving means and proportions; Point and interval estimation; Bivariate and multivariate statistics; Two-sample tests: difference of means and proportions; Ordinal scales: two-sample nonparametric tests; Nominal scales: contigency problems; Analysis of variance; Correlation and regression; multiple and partial correlation; Analysis of covariance, dummy variables, and other applications of the linear model; Sampling; Appendix; Index.
Whitney Quesenbery, Author at Rosenfeld Media - Page 2 of 8Whitney Quesenbery, Author at Rosenfeld Media - Page 2 of 8
Whitney Quesenbery: Hi, Im Whitney Quesenbery. Im co-author with Sarah Horton of "A Web For Everyone." Today, Im talking to Dean Karavite from the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, where hes a human interactions specialist in clinical informatics.. That sounds like a mouthful, but it really just means that he works on making medical information usable for both patients and health professionals. One of his current projects is designing personal health records that are useful for people with disabilities. Hi, Dean. Thanks so much for joining us.. Dean Karavite: Hello, Whitney. Thank you so much for inviting me to talk about our work.. Whitney: Lets start by talking about what you mean by a personal health record for people with disabilities. What kind of problems are you trying to solve?. Dean: First, I think we can start with some definitions. Theyre actually important for a number of reasons. If you were to go to the healthit.gov website, theres a page that provides precise definitions ...
WHITNEY, LUCY E. - Yavapai County, Arizona | LUCY E. WHITNEY - Arizona Gravestone PhotosWHITNEY, LUCY E. - Yavapai County, Arizona | LUCY E. WHITNEY - Arizona Gravestone Photos
Lucy E. WHITNEY - Yavapai County Arizona - Lucy E. (Robinson) Whitney b. Oct. 21, 1846, Knox Co. Mo. d. Oct. 21, 1921, Prescott, Az. COD: Paralysis from cerebral hemorrhage w/o Andrew D. Whitney d/o Anson & Mary H. (Payne) Robinson
Ripoff Report | sari friedman complaints, reviews, scams, lawsuits and frauds reported, 215 resultsRipoff Report | sari friedman complaints, reviews, scams, lawsuits and frauds reported, 215 results
See more than 215 sari friedman complaints, sari friedman reviews, sari friedman scams, sari friedman lawsuits and sari friedman frauds reported. Click here and find all sari friedman Ripoff Reports.
Comparison of Confidence Intervals for Large Operational Biometric Data by Parametric and Non-parametric Methods | NISTComparison of Confidence Intervals for Large Operational Biometric Data by Parametric and Non-parametric Methods | NIST
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) or Detection Error Trade-off (DET) curves are used to measure the performance of a biometric verification or identificat
A pilot study on high dosage intervention of children with CP using combined therapy approachesA pilot study on high dosage intervention of children with CP using combined therapy approaches
Error of measurements. It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of any motor therapy approach4,32, because the specific sequence of treatments that were delivered are not standardised. Previous studies evaluating the effectiveness of NDT/Bobath could also be affected by the skill level of the therapists, which is seldom specified32. The constructs of NDT/Bobath itself have changed over time, and NDT/Bobath strategies are commonly combined with other therapy techniques and medical treatments32. It remains a challenge to obtain unbiased results as there is no definite standardised motor therapy approach yet. The GAS goals for each participant could have been over-cautiously done as reflected in the improved results. The same evaluators were used for the pre-and post-tests and were not involved in any intervention.. Data analysis. The data were summarised using descriptive statistics namely median and quartiles. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a non-parametric test and similar to the paired ...
University of the PunjabUniversity of the Punjab
I am a Lecturer at College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore from June 2010. I have done M.Sc. Statistics and M.Phil in Statistics from College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore. My research interest includes Statistical Methods and Parametric and Nonparametric Tests ...
StatisticsStatistics
The fundamental construct in probability is random variable; the fundamental construct in statistics is random sample.. Random sample is a sampling process from a hypothetical population. Traditional statistics assumes "large $n$, small $p$" ($n$ for observations, $p$ for parameters measured.) While in modern statistics, the problem typically is "small $n$, large $p$".. Model in statistics is a probability distribution of one or more variables: univariate models; regression models;. Parametric and nonparametric methods do not have essential difference or comparative superiority: both are collections of models and take random samples as the sole input for estimation (frequentist). Parametric methods are algorithms selecting one from a subspace of probabilistic models, which is indexed by model parameters. Nonparametric methods are algorithms selecting one from another subspace of probabilistic models, only without an index. Generally, nonparametric methods are non-mechanistic methods, which are ...
Dr. Brooks Whitney, MD | Atlanta, GA | HealthgradesDr. Brooks Whitney, MD | Atlanta, GA | Healthgrades
Dr. Brooks Whitney, MD is a Vascular Surgery Specialist in Atlanta, GA. Dr. Whitney has more experience with Aortic Aneurysm or Dissection, Carotid Artery Disease or Carotid Endarterectomy, and Peripheral Vascular Procedures than other specialists in his area. He is affiliated with medical facilities such as Emory Saint Josephs Hospital and Northside Hospital. He is accepting new patients. Be sure to call ahead with Dr. Whitney to book an appointment.
Anne & Whitney: Up, Down and All Around: November 2010Anne & Whitney: Up, Down and All Around: November 2010
We have started a "therapeutic listening" program with Whitney to work on helping her filter out background noise and pay attention when someone is speaking to her or trying to get her attention. Whitney failed her newborn hearing screen and multiple hearing tests following her birth. Unfortunately, her heart was more of a severe issue in her first few months of life than her hearing and we were unable to pursue her hearing as quickly as we would have liked because we were more focused on just keeping her alive and getting her to her open-heart surgery date (December 1, 2008 - 3 months and a few days after she was born) and then keeping her healthy and helping her as she recovered after surgery. We then ran into a problem with an ENT that after waiting nearly two months to get in for an appointment (after Whitney was starting to recover from open-heart surgery) did NOT do her job thoroughly. She merely looked in her ear canals and proceeded to tell me that her ears are clear and look just fine. ...
JOURNAL OF NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS | Years 1991/92-2016 | Print ISSN 1048-5252 | PSC Reprint and Publishers BackstockJOURNAL OF NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS | Years 1991/92-2016 | Print ISSN 1048-5252 | PSC Reprint and Publisher's Backstock
JOURNAL OF NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS. Years 1991/92-2016. Print ISSN 1048-5252. Reprint. Back volumes and back issues available from Periodicals Service Company (PSC).
Re: AUDITORY Digest - 27 Jun 2012 (#2012-157) (Anthony Parks )Re: AUDITORY Digest - 27 Jun 2012 (#2012-157) (Anthony Parks )
Subject: Re: AUDITORY Digest - 27 Jun 2012 (#2012-157) From: Anthony Parks ,[email protected], Date: Thu, 28 Jun 2012 11:33:06 -0700 List-Archive: Comparison of two time-series data Dear Auditory List, Im running an experiment testing the effect of various filters and compressors on continuous emotional responses to musical stimuli. Say Ive got two time-series for arousal (excitement), of equal length. One series is in response to presentation of the stimulus under one kind of filtering (lowpass at 8k), and the other series is in response to to the same stimulus lowpassed at 3k.Each series comes from different subjects (its a between-subjects design). What is the best way to tell if the responses are drawn from the same population without collapsing the time series? I have some ideas (namely cross-correlating the two series or collapsing the data, finding the CDF, and then running a two-sample kolmogorov-smirnov test for p , 0.05), ...
KNUSTSpace: Development Of Intensity- Duration- Freqency-Curves For KumasiKNUSTSpace: Development Of Intensity- Duration- Freqency-Curves For Kumasi
This work involves the development of IDF Curves for the city of Kumasi. Annual Maximum Rainfall depths of various durations over twenty-two years for Kumasi were obtained from the Ghana Meteorological Services in Accra. A check for the consistency of data found the data inconsistent and so the double mass curve was used to make the data consistent and also allowed for filling in gaps where data were missing. The data set thus obtained was then subjected to frequency analysis to determine the distribution which best characterize the data set. The annual maximum series were found to be drawn from the Gumbel distribution whose parameters were computed by fitting the statistics to the data. The Chi-square test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test prove the appropriateness of the fitting. Since the data available was only 22 years, IDF values for return periods higher than 22 years were obtained using frequency factors. The IDF estimates resulting from this work have been compared with the existing IDF ...
Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia • AbstrakJurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia • Abstrak
Tujuan : Membuktikan pengaruh pemberian infiltrasi anestetik lokal Ropivakain terhadap tampilan kolagen pada luka operasi tikus Wistar. Metode : Dilakukan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain Randomized Post Test Only Control Group. Sebanyak 15 ekor tikus wistar dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, kelompok K sebagai kontrol, Kelompok P1 diberi luka insisi dan infiltrasi Nacl 0,9% disekitar luka, Kelompok P2 diberi luka insisi dan infiltrasi Ropivakain disekitar luka. Ketiga kelompok diambil sampel dari jaringan luka pada hari ke 5 kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologi untuk menilai kepadatan kolagen. Distribusi data diuji dengan Shapiro Wilk. Dilanjutkan dengan Uji beda Kruskal Wallis dan Mann Whitney. Hasil : Hasil uji Kruskal Walis kepadatan kolagen pada ketiga kelompok didapatkan nilai P = 0,07. Hasil Uji Mann Whitney P1 terhadap P2 nilai p= 0,011, P1 terhadap kontrol nilai p= 0,008, P2 terhadap kontrol nilai p = 0,242. ...
Table 10Table 10
Data presented as median (interquartile range). P value by Kruskall-Wallis. Intergroup differences by Mann Whitney. +P value significantly higher in fentanyl group compared to morphine group (p,0.05). N.S=Non Significant ...
Unpaired Two-Samples Wilcoxon Test in R - Easy Guides - Wiki - STHDAUnpaired Two-Samples Wilcoxon Test in R - Easy Guides - Wiki - STHDA
It will give a warning message, saying that "cannot compute exact p-value with tie". It comes from the assumption of a Wilcoxon test that the responses are continuous. You can suppress this message by adding another argument exact = FALSE, but the result will be the same.. 2) Compute two-samples Wilcoxon test - Method 2: The data are saved in a data frame.. ...
September 6, 2016 - The Whitney Laboratory for Marine BioscienceSeptember 6, 2016 - The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience
The Sea Turtle Hospital at Whitney Lab is pleased to announce that it is now offering tours on the second and fourth Thursday of each month at 10 a.m. Tours are $10 per person, and reservations are required. There is a limit of 10 people per tour. To make a reservation, please email [email protected] To view…. ...
Remembering Whitney Houstons gospel works - Life After The WCG: A Spirital Pilgrimage of an Independent BelieverRemembering Whitney Houston's gospel works - Life After The WCG: A Spirital Pilgrimage of an Independent Believer
Most of you have heard about the untimely passing of long-time pop star Whitney Houston who passed on to the heavenly kingdom Saturday evening. Heres a couple of tunes from a spiritual gospel angle that are a few of my favourites. Rest in peace Whitney and sing to the Lord with a cheerful voice!
Euclid: Non-parametric point spread function field recovery through interpolation on a Graph Laplacian - CosmoStatEuclid: Non-parametric point spread function field recovery through interpolation on a Graph Laplacian - CosmoStat
Aims. This papers contributions are twofold. First, we take steps toward a non-parametric method to address the issue of recovering the PSF field, namely that of finding the correct PSF at the position of any galaxy in the field, applicable to Euclid. Our approach relies solely on the data, as opposed to parametric methods that make use of our knowledge of the instrument. Second, we study the impact of imperfect PSF models on the shape measurement of galaxies themselves, and whether common assumptions about this impact hold true in a Euclid scenario ...
Dr. Theodore Friedman Returns to Answer Our Questions | CushieBlogDr. Theodore Friedman Returns to Answer Our Questions | CushieBlog
Have questions about the new Korlym? How about Korlym vs ketoconazole? About medical vs surgical treatment for Cushings. Ask Dr. Theodore Friedman. Theodore C. Friedman, M.D., Ph.D. has opened a private practice, specializing in treating patients with adrenal, pituitary, thyroid and fatigue disorders. Dr. Friedman has privileges at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Martin Luther King Medical Center. His…
Plus itPlus it
4144 Human Cripto-1 (CR-1), a cell membrane anchored protein that can also be secreted or shed from the membrane, is expressed at high levels in several different types of human tumors, whereas very low levels of CR-1 can be detected in normal tissues. In order to evaluate whether CR-1 can function as a serological marker for different types of human malignancies, we developed a specific and sensitive sandwich type ELISA for CR-1 and analyzed plasma samples from healthy volunteers and patients with several different types of tumors. A statistically significant increase in the levels of plasma CR-1 was observed in patients with colon, gastric, ovarian and breast cancer compared with the control group (P,0.001, WilCOXon rank sum test). Interestingly, high levels of CR-1 were found in breast, colon and gastric patients at early stage of disease, suggesting that CR-1 might be useful for early detection in these tumors. In addition, moderate levels of plasma CR-1 were found in women with ...
Honey Boosts Healing of Surgical WoundsHoney Boosts Healing of Surgical Wounds
Seventy two symmetrical incisions in 52 patients were evaluated during the study. The mean width of the scar after the third and the sixth month was 3.64 +/- 0.83 mm and 3.49 +/- 0.87 mm on the side that received honey dressing and 5.43 +/- 0.05 mm and 5.30+/- 1.35 mm in the control group. Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed significant difference between honey and conventional dressing outcomes at third and sixth month (p , 0.001 ...
Download e-book for kindle: Data Analysis in Business Research: A Step-By-Step by D Israel - LOUISELMERCOLLECTION.COM LibraryDownload e-book for kindle: Data Analysis in Business Research: A Step-By-Step by D Israel - LOUISELMERCOLLECTION.COM Library
Additional resources for Data Analysis in Business Research: A Step-By-Step Nonparametric Approach (Response Books) Example text. Advantages 1. This test checks for randomness of the sample selected. 2. It is highly useful in checking the randomness of residuals in regression or time series and forecasting models. Procedure 1. Formulate a null and an alternate hypothesis. The null hypothesis may be that the sample values occur in a random sequence while the alternative hypothesis may be that the sample values do not occur in a random sequence. 2. Arrange the observations in n1 and n2 in the order of their occurrence, where n1 equals the number of sampled items of one type and n2 equals the number of sampled items of the second type. Accordingly, T = 11+13+1+2+4 = 31. Step 5 Make a decision by comparing the calculated T-value with the critical T-value for the respective level of significance. This can be done by referring to the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test critical value as found in Table 4 in the ...
4d6963726f736f667420576f7264202d20e3e0f1f2f0eeeff0eef2e5eaf2eef0ede0ff20e0eaf2e8e2edeef1f2fc2d536176656c796576205f325f4d6963726f736f667420576f7264202d20e3e0f1f2f0eeeff0eef2e5eaf2eef0ede0ff20e0eaf2e8e2edeef1f2fc2d536176656c796576205f325f
were deprived of food (with free access to water), as examination of the gastric wall samples was carried out starvation reduces the protective level of the gastric mucosa using the B-350 microscope ("Optika", Italy). due to the activation of anaerobic glycolysis. To model the Statistical analyses were performed using Excel and stomach ulcer by Selye, the animals were immobilized in Statistica 6.0, and the results were presented in the tables as plexiglass boxes for 3 h at 4 °C. The ulcerogenic M ± σ. The differences between the groups were analyzed using the criteria of non-parametric methods for analysis of intramuscularly with a sterile apyrogenic saline solution variance according to the instructions of the data processing during three consecutive days [10, 11]. The below effective software. The results were considered as significant if doses of peptides and drugs of comparison were p ≤ 0.05. administered intragastrically 1 h and 7 days before the modeling of the stress-induced stomach ...
Nonparametric statistics - WikipediaNonparametric statistics - Wikipedia
Statistical hypotheses concern the behavior of observable random variables.... For example, the hypothesis (a) that a normal distribution has a specified mean and variance is statistical; so is the hypothesis (b) that it has a given mean but unspecified variance; so is the hypothesis (c) that a distribution is of normal form with both mean and variance unspecified; finally, so is the hypothesis (d) that two unspecified continuous distributions are identical.. It will have been noticed that in the examples (a) and (b) the distribution underlying the observations was taken to be of a certain form (the normal) and the hypothesis was concerned entirely with the value of one or both of its parameters. Such a hypothesis, for obvious reasons, is called parametric.. Hypothesis (c) was of a different nature, as no parameter values are specified in the statement of the hypothesis; we might reasonably call such a hypothesis non-parametric. Hypothesis (d) is also non-parametric but, in addition, it does not ...
Richard HRichard H
The null hypothesis in cladistics is a bush. Any shortest resolved tree is best evidence of relationship. But best for what use? Consider: Flip a coin 100 times to see if it is (phylogenetically) loaded. Cladistic philosophy: 50 heads and 50 tails means the null cannot be falsified, and we cannot hypothesize the coin is loaded. But, for instance, 54 heads and 46 tails is taken as evidence of loading for the head side up, being the best explanation. Statistically, however, one could do a non-parametric test with the null being equiprobable and randomly distributed (54 or more heads would only occur randomly 24% of the time, and the null cannot be rejected at, say, the .95 confidence level), therefore there is no evidence of loading that one would act on. We are left with the unimpressive probabilistic proportion 54/100 for the chance of loading on heads. Only recently have statistical tests (other than subsampling) been introduced for gauging the reliability of individual branch arrangements ...
A behavioral response to a releaser pheromone. Nature and nurture. A by G Dizinno, G Whitney et al."A behavioral response to a releaser pheromone. Nature and nurture. A" by G Dizinno, G Whitney et al.
Dizinno, G; Whitney, G; and Nyby, J, "A behavioral response to a releaser pheromone. Nature and nurture. Abstr." (1977). Subject Strain Bibliography 1977. 1560 ...
Anita Whitney 7/15/15Anita Whitney 7/15/15
Many of us have heard about our government and country being a corporation. It appears that our local towns and cities are all corporations too. What does this mean and how has it changed our lives? I knew about the "corporation thing," and I had also heard about the CAFRs (Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports) disclosing mountains of funds held by towns and cities who are telling us theyre bankrupt. (What the hell?) In this interview anti-vaccine activist and legal advocate Anita Whitney describes how she discovered the real nature of present-day government, on all levels, which is no longer representative but commercial. It began in 1871, when the United States corporation franchise system was born, which today includes all of our towns, cities and public agencies. These entities are incorporated, which means there is no more representation of us -- the public -- but only a competition for corporate grant contracts -- in other words, Agenda 21 and New World Order projects and programs that ...
Can Whitney Head Unclog Museums Rotted Sclerosis? | ObserverCan Whitney Head Unclog Museum's Rotted Sclerosis? | Observer
Lets start with the good news first, even though its a little stale. When the Whitney Museum of American Art opened its doors for the first time at 8 West Eighth Street in Greenwich Village in 1931, Henry McBride-the most important art critic of the period-gave the following account in The New Yor...
Yayoi Kusama celebrates the opening of her retrospective at the Whitney Museum | W MagazineYayoi Kusama celebrates the opening of her retrospective at the Whitney Museum | W Magazine
As Yayoi Kusama celebrates the opening of her retrospective at the Whitney Museum-as well as a collaboration with Louis Vuitton-her lifelong dream of superstardom is finally a reality. Arthur Lubow discovers why the whole world is mad for Japans most iconoclastic artist.
Whitney Humanities Center gains new leaderWhitney Humanities Center gains new leader
A new director took the helm of the Whitney Humanities Center this academic year, with broad but currently undetailed visions for strengthening the humanities at Yale. The University appointed music and humanities professor Gary Tomlinson to a five-year term as the centers director in April, and he assumed the post in July. Now three months […]
Whitney Scurlock | Valley View HospitalWhitney Scurlock | Valley View Hospital
Whitney Scurlock, PA-C is an experienced certified physician assistant providing comprehensive neurological care including evaluations, medication management…
Adventures in Raising a Disabled Child: Using the Potty!Adventures in Raising a Disabled Child: Using the Potty!
But Whitney is always proving me wrong and this is just another case. Shortly after we returned from the Florida conference, we were sitting at dinner. Whitney started signing "stinky" and Melanie asked her if she needed to go. Whitney responded "want." So Melanie picked her up and put her on the new musical potty. Whitney seemed to know just what was going on. The didnt cry or complain and a few minutes later, I heard the music play from the other room. She actually went to the bathroom on her new potty the first time she tried! Totally amazing ...
Friedman testFriedman test
k-nearest neighbors algorithmk-nearest neighbors algorithm
Sign testSign test
Wald-Wolfowitz runs testWald-Wolfowitz runs test
Hodges-Lehmann estimatorHodges-Lehmann estimator
Pages trend testPage's trend test
Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of varianceKruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance
Steins unbiased risk estimateStein's unbiased risk estimate
Analysis of varianceAnalysis of variance
Shlomo SawilowskyShlomo Sawilowsky
Larry A. WassermanLarry A. Wasserman
MedianMedian
Multivariate kernel density estimationMultivariate kernel density estimation
ANOVA on ranksANOVA on ranks
Kendall rank correlation coefficientKendall rank correlation coefficient
Evelyn FixEvelyn Fix
Durbin testDurbin test
Jaroslav HájekJaroslav Hájek
Kolmogorov-Smirnov testKolmogorov-Smirnov test
Species discovery curveSpecies discovery curve
Cochrans Q testCochran's Q test
Spearmans rank correlation coefficientSpearman's rank correlation coefficient
Chebyshevs inequalityChebyshev's inequality
Imprecise Dirichlet processImprecise Dirichlet process
Gottfried E. NoetherGottfried E. Noether
Smoothing splineSmoothing spline
Median testMedian test
Sliced inverse regressionSliced inverse regression
Proportional hazards modelProportional hazards model
One-way analysis of varianceOne-way analysis of variance
Level of measurementLevel of measurement
Mann-Whitney U testMann-Whitney U test
方差分析 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书方差分析 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
Isotonic regressionIsotonic regression
Outline of brain mappingOutline of brain mapping
EpistasisEpistasis
Probability distributionProbability distribution
Opinion pollOpinion poll
Chi-squared testChi-squared test
Random assignmentRandom assignment
Students t-testStudent's t-test
Structural equation modelingStructural equation modeling
Genetic linkageGenetic linkage
Design of experimentsDesign of experiments
Blinded experimentBlinded experiment
Analysis of varianceAnalysis of variance
k-means clusteringk-means clustering
StatisticsStatistics
Conceptual modelConceptual model
Decomposition of time seriesDecomposition of time series
Bayes estimatorBayes estimator
k-nearest neighbors algorithmk-nearest neighbors algorithm
Principal component analysisPrincipal component analysis
Nonlinear opticsNonlinear optics
Spectral densitySpectral density
Probit modelProbit model
Sampling (statistics)Sampling (statistics)
Nonparametric statisticsNonparametric statistics
Predictive modellingPredictive modelling
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CarePublication CharacteristicsGeographicals
Statistics, NonparametricModels, StatisticalGenetic LinkageLod ScoreData Interpretation, StatisticalStatistics as TopicComputer SimulationBiometryModels, GeneticAlgorithmsChromosome MappingBayes TheoremVital StatisticsGenetic MarkersLikelihood FunctionsPedigreeReproducibility of ResultsNuclear FamilyChromosomes, Human, Pair 1Monte Carlo MethodGenetic HeterogeneityGenome, HumanSample SizeMicrosatellite RepeatsGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseMatched-Pair AnalysisBiostatisticsQuantitative Trait LociSoftwareNational Center for Health Statistics (U.S.)Regression AnalysisSensitivity and SpecificityChromosomes, Human, Pair 2GenotypeQuantitative Trait, HeritableROC CurveChromosomes, Human, Pair 6Family HealthChromosomes, Human, Pair 7Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10Time FactorsGenetic Diseases, InbornSiblingsDecision TheoryMarkov ChainsPopulationConfidence IntervalsBias (Epidemiology)Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4PenetranceNormal DistributionGenes, DominantChromosomes, Human, Pair 12United StatesOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisProbabilityModels, BiologicalAnalysis of VarianceResearch DesignHaplotypesReference ValuesGene Expression ProfilingChromosomes, Human, Pair 3Image Interpretation, Computer-AssistedAllelesLinear ModelsModels, TheoreticalAge FactorsCluster AnalysisLinkage DisequilibriumGenes, RecessiveInfant, NewbornCase-Control StudiesEpistasis, GeneticGenome-Wide Association StudyPhenotypeLongitudinal StudiesPattern Recognition, AutomatedCohort StudiesFalse Positive ReactionsFamilyAge of OnsetPredictive Value of TestsImage EnhancementRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsNonlinear DynamicsRisk AssessmentQuestionnairesPolymorphism, Single NucleotideImage Processing, Computer-AssistedComputational BiologyMultivariate AnalysisCross-Sectional StudiesSex FactorsProspective StudiesLogistic ModelsQuality ControlGenomeSurvival AnalysisChromosomes, Human, Pair 18Genetic VariationPrincipal Component AnalysisTreatment OutcomeArea Under CurvePregnancyEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupDatabases, FactualChromosomes, HumanChromosomes, Human, Pair 16Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15Genetic TestingChromosomes, Human, Pair 9Genetics, PopulationChromosomes, Human, Pair 20Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicArtificial IntelligenceEpidemiologic MethodsMagnetic Resonance ImagingProstatic NeoplasmsImaging, Three-DimensionalBiological MarkersDeath CertificatesPhylogenyBreast NeoplasmsBreedingBrainGene FrequencyIncidenceGenetic LociFinlandClinical Trials as TopicChromosomes, Human, Pair 11Follow-Up StudiesChromosomes, Human, Pair 19Chi-Square DistributionNeoplasmsProportional Hazards ModelsNephelometry and TurbidimetrySpace-Time ClusteringPhysical Chromosome MappingObserver VariationPrevalenceSeverity of Illness IndexGenomicsPrognosisBlood Chemical AnalysisStatistical DistributionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13Sequence Analysis, DNAGestational AgeDatabases, GeneticPilot ProjectsMortalityBrazilEuropeRandom AllocationCause of DeathBipolar DisorderStatisticsEvolution, MolecularData CollectionBody Mass IndexSchizophreniaHIV InfectionsAlcoholismAge DistributionPoisson DistributionEnglandQuality of LifeRegistriesPopulation SurveillanceSex DistributionCanadaAnti-Bacterial AgentsTumor Markers, BiologicalBrain NeoplasmsDemographyObesityDouble-Blind MethodSocioeconomic FactorsWounds and InjuriesLupus Erythematosus, SystemicMutationHealth SurveysGeographic Information SystemsPoisoningBirth CertificatesBirth RateLife ExpectancyInfant MortalityInternational Classification of DiseasesNatureGeographyDose-Response Relationship, DrugDiffusion Tensor ImagingAnisotropyWales
Nonparametric statistics - WikipediaNonparametric statistics - Wikipedia
Nonparametric Statistics | Statistics | Amherst CollegeNonparametric Statistics | Statistics | Amherst College
Fields Institute - Nonparametric Statistics ConferenceFields Institute - Nonparametric Statistics Conference
Decision Support Using Nonparametric Statistics | SpringerLinkDecision Support Using Nonparametric Statistics | SpringerLink
NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS 2018/2019 - Università di BolognaNONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS 2018/2019 - Università di Bologna
Nonparametric statistics - WikipediaNonparametric statistics - Wikipedia
Nonparametric Statistics for Health Care Research | SAGE Publications IncNonparametric Statistics for Health Care Research | SAGE Publications Inc
Stochastic Algorithms and Nonparametric StatisticsStochastic Algorithms and Nonparametric Statistics
Nonparametric Statistics - 4th ISNPS, Salerno, Italy, June 2018 | Michele La Rocca | SpringerNonparametric Statistics - 4th ISNPS, Salerno, Italy, June 2018 | Michele La Rocca | Springer
Topics in Nonparametric Statistics : Michael G. Akritas : 9781493945818Topics in Nonparametric Statistics : Michael G. Akritas : 9781493945818
Stochastic Algorithms and Nonparametric Statistics: SeminarsStochastic Algorithms and Nonparametric Statistics: Seminars
Stochastic Algorithms and Nonparametric Statistics - ApplicationsStochastic Algorithms and Nonparametric Statistics - Applications
Stochastic Algorithms and Nonparametric Statistics - SoftwareStochastic Algorithms and Nonparametric Statistics - Software
Nonparametric Methods in Statistics with SAS Applications: 1st Edition (Paperback) - RoutledgeNonparametric Methods in Statistics with SAS Applications: 1st Edition (Paperback) - Routledge
Bayesian Nonparametric Joint Model for Point Estimates and Variances : U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsBayesian Nonparametric Joint Model for Point Estimates and Variances : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
9781118840313 - Nonparametric Statistics A Step-by-Step | eCampus.com9781118840313 - Nonparametric Statistics A Step-by-Step | eCampus.com
Nonparametric Statistical Methods, 3rd Edition | Nonparametric Analysis | Data Analysis | General & Introductory Statistics |...Nonparametric Statistical Methods, 3rd Edition | Nonparametric Analysis | Data Analysis | General & Introductory Statistics |...
Data depth-based nonparametric scale tests - Chenouri - 2011 - Canadian Journal of Statistics - Wiley Online LibraryData depth-based nonparametric scale tests - Chenouri - 2011 - Canadian Journal of Statistics - Wiley Online Library
A Powerful and Robust Nonparametric Statistic for Joint Mean-Variance Quality Control by J.D. Opdyke :: SSRNA Powerful and Robust Nonparametric Statistic for Joint Mean-Variance Quality Control by J.D. Opdyke :: SSRN
Nonparametric statistics | definition of nonparametric statistics by Medical dictionaryNonparametric statistics | definition of nonparametric statistics by Medical dictionary
High-dimensional/Non-parametric Statistics | Tengyuan LiangHigh-dimensional/Non-parametric Statistics | Tengyuan Liang
Empirical likelihood tests for two-sample problems via nonparametric density estimation - Cao - 2009 - Canadian Journal of...Empirical likelihood tests for two-sample problems via nonparametric density estimation - Cao - 2009 - Canadian Journal of...
What is nonparametric statistics?: IU News Room: Indiana University What is nonparametric statistics?: IU News Room: Indiana University
topic:Statistics, nonparametric found 1640 records • Arctic Healthtopic:"Statistics, nonparametric" found 1640 records • Arctic Health
Non-parametric drift estimation for diffusions from noisy data : Statistics & Decisions International mathematical journal for...Non-parametric drift estimation for diffusions from noisy data : Statistics & Decisions International mathematical journal for...
nonparametric | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats Forumnonparametric | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats Forum
Statistics review 10: Further nonparametric methods | Critical Care | Full TextStatistics review 10: Further nonparametric methods | Critical Care | Full Text
Gámiz, M. Luz; Kulasekera, K. B.; Limnios, Nikolaos; Lindqvist, Bo Henry Applied Nonparametric Statistics in Reliability ...Gámiz, M. Luz; Kulasekera, K. B.; Limnios, Nikolaos; Lindqvist, Bo Henry Applied Nonparametric Statistics in Reliability ...
Non parametric multivariate analysis. maybe :( | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats ForumNon parametric multivariate analysis. maybe :( | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats Forum
considering covariates in a non parametric test | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats Forumconsidering covariates in a non parametric test | Statistics Help @ Talk Stats Forum
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Estimation13
Journal of Nonparametric Statistics2
20171
Inference4
Test Statistic5
  • We will start by considering the basic principles of significance testing: the sampling and test statistic distribution, p-value, significance level, power and type I and type II errors. (coursera.org)
  • Hotelling and Solomons considered the distribution of the test statistic D = n ( m − a ) s {\displaystyle D={\frac {n(m-a)}{s}}} where n is the sample size, m is the sample mean, a is the sample median and s is the sample's standard deviation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Decision Rule The decision will be to reject the null hypothesis if the test statistic from the table is greater than the F critical value with k-1 numerator and N-k denominator degrees of freedom. (nmculturenet.org)
  • The test statistic turns out to be the "F" statistic that we saw when we looked at when comparing variances. (nmculturenet.org)
  • The calculation to arrive at the test statistic is quite complicated, hence we will assume that either the reader will be looking at a textbook for this, or rely on a computer. (nmculturenet.org)
Abstract2
Econometrics2
20181
Generalized nonparametric regression1
Fully nonparametric1
Bayesian nonparametric3
Descriptive statistics1
Semiparametric1
Mathematics3
Data33
Tests10
Biostatistics1
  • It is nevertheless true that, whereas these methods have already proved highly effective in other applied areas of knowledge such as biostatistics or social sciences, nonparametric analyses in reliability currently form an interesting area of study that has not yet been fully explored. (buchfreund.de)
ISNPS6
Stochastic1
Inferential2
Distributions2
Normality1
Theory7
Estimates5
Models3
20191
Kernel1
Mathematical2
Estimator2
Approaches1
Analysis8
Correlations3
Annals2
Introductory statistics2
Variance1
  • The coefficient of variation is suggested by Francis and Kannenberg (1987) as a stability statistic through the combination of the coefficient of variation, mean yield, and environmental variance. (manzik.com)
Outcomes1
Research7
Search2
Rocca1
Introduction4
Significance1
Nonparametric Estimation of Average Treatment Effects under Exogeneity: A Review
Nonparametric Estimation of Average Treatment Effects under Exogeneity: A Review (ideas.repec.org)
Search Results
Search Results (springer.com)
Data Analysis - Statistics - MASH - The University of Sheffield
Data Analysis - Statistics - MASH - The University of Sheffield (sheffield.ac.uk)
All Courses | eCalendar - McGill University
All Courses | eCalendar - McGill University (mcgill.ca)
Decision Support Using Nonparametric Statistics | SpringerLink
Decision Support Using Nonparametric Statistics | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
IDEALS @ Illinois: Nonparametric multivariate multisample tests of the location problem and multivariate regression based on...
IDEALS @ Illinois: Nonparametric multivariate multisample tests of the location problem and multivariate regression based on... (ideals.illinois.edu)
Nonparametric Methods in Statistics with SAS Applications: 1st Edition (Paperback) - Routledge
Nonparametric Methods in Statistics with SAS Applications: 1st Edition (Paperback) - Routledge (routledge.com)
11th Conference on Bayesian Nonparametrics | Cambridge University Press
11th Conference on Bayesian Nonparametrics | Cambridge University Press (cambridge.org)
Bayesian Nonparametric Joint Model for Point Estimates and Variances : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Bayesian Nonparametric Joint Model for Point Estimates and Variances : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (bls.gov)
Nonparametric Statistics - 4th ISNPS, Salerno, Italy, June 2018 | Michele La Rocca | Springer
Nonparametric Statistics - 4th ISNPS, Salerno, Italy, June 2018 | Michele La Rocca | Springer (springer.com)
Statistics & Probability 2017 Catalogue | Cambridge University Press
Statistics & Probability 2017 Catalogue | Cambridge University Press (cambridge.org)
Kernel Regression Estimators for Nonparametric Model Calibration in Survey Sampling | SpringerLink
Kernel Regression Estimators for Nonparametric Model Calibration in Survey Sampling | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
K-nearest neighbors algorithm - Wikipedia
K-nearest neighbors algorithm - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
How To Work Out Degrees Of Freedom For F Test
How To Work Out Degrees Of Freedom For F Test (nmculturenet.org)
Nonparametric lack-of-fit tests in presence of heteroscedastic variances
Nonparametric lack-of-fit tests in presence of heteroscedastic variances (krex.k-state.edu)
Elliptically Contoured Models in Statistics and Portfolio Theory | Ebook | Ellibs Ebookstore
Elliptically Contoured Models in Statistics and Portfolio Theory | Ebook | Ellibs Ebookstore (ellibs.com)
Elements of Nonlinear Time Series Analysis and Forecasting | Ebook | Ellibs Ebookstore
Elements of Nonlinear Time Series Analysis and Forecasting | Ebook | Ellibs Ebookstore (ellibs.com)
ERIC - Search Results
ERIC - Search Results (eric.ed.gov)
Consultation | Institute for Social Science Research | UMass Amherst
Consultation | Institute for Social Science Research | UMass Amherst (umass.edu)
Interpolation and Regression Models for the Chemical Engineer: Solving Numerical Problems | Wiley
Interpolation and Regression Models for the Chemical Engineer: Solving Numerical Problems | Wiley (wiley.com)
Insulin signaling misregulation underlies circadian and cognitive deficits in a Drosophila fragile X model | Molecular...
Insulin signaling misregulation underlies circadian and cognitive deficits in a Drosophila fragile X model | Molecular... (nature.com)
Econometrics, statistics and mathematical economics | Cambridge University Press
Econometrics, statistics and mathematical economics | Cambridge University Press (cambridge.org)
Statistics for Censored Environmental Data Using Minitab and R, 2nd Edition | Applied Probability & Statistics | General &...
Statistics for Censored Environmental Data Using Minitab and R, 2nd Edition | Applied Probability & Statistics | General &... (wiley.com)
Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science | Applied Probability & Statistics | General & Introductory Statistics |...
Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science | Applied Probability & Statistics | General & Introductory Statistics |... (wiley.com)
Estimation and Inferential Statistics | SpringerLink
Estimation and Inferential Statistics | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
F P A Coolen - Durham University
F P A Coolen - Durham University (dur.ac.uk)
Regression Analysis | General & Introductory Statistics | Subjects | Wiley
Regression Analysis | General & Introductory Statistics | Subjects | Wiley (wiley.com)
Nonparametric regression - Wikipedia
Nonparametric regression - Wikipedia (let.rug.nl/~gosse/)
Introductory Biostatistics, 2nd Edition | Biostatistics | General & Introductory Statistics | Subjects | Wiley
Introductory Biostatistics, 2nd Edition | Biostatistics | General & Introductory Statistics | Subjects | Wiley (wiley.com)