The physical effects involving the presence of electric charges at rest and in motion.
Electric power supply devices which convert biological energy, such as chemical energy of metabolism or mechanical energy of periodic movements, into electrical energy.
The accumulation of an electric charge on a object
Materials or phenomena which can provide energy directly or via conversion.
Planned management, use, and preservation of energy resources.
Devices that control the supply of electric current for running electrical equipment.
Units that convert some other form of energy into electrical energy.
A polysymptomatic condition believed by clinical ecologists to result from immune dysregulation induced by common foods, allergens, and chemicals, resulting in various physical and mental disorders. The medical community has remained largely skeptical of the existence of this "disease", given the plethora of symptoms attributed to environmental illness, the lack of reproducible laboratory abnormalities, and the use of unproven therapies to treat the condition. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
A course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual that concerns human interactions with nature and natural resources.
Forms of energy that are constantly and rapidly renewed by natural processes such as solar, ocean wave, and wind energy. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, metal-reducing bacteria in the family Geobacteraceae. They have the ability to oxidize a variety of organic compounds, including AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
The art and science of designing buildings and structures. More generally, it is the design of the total built environment, including town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture.
Fields representing the joint interplay of electric and magnetic forces.
Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.
The motion of air relative to the earth's surface.
The application of heat to raise the temperature of the environment, ambient or local, or the systems for accomplishing this effect. It is distinguished from HEAT, the physical property and principle of physics.
Hydrocarbon-rich byproducts from the non-fossilized BIOMASS that are combusted to generate energy as opposed to fossilized hydrocarbon deposits (FOSSIL FUELS).
A natural fuel formed by partial decomposition of vegetable matter under certain environmental conditions.
The discarding or destroying of garbage, sewage, or other waste matter or its transformation into something useful or innocuous.
A group of PROTEOBACTERIA represented by morphologically diverse, anaerobic sulfidogens. Some members of this group are considered bacterial predators, having bacteriolytic properties.
Injuries caused by electric currents. The concept excludes electric burns (BURNS, ELECTRIC), but includes accidental electrocution and electric shock.
Any combustible hydrocarbon deposit formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.
Architecture, exterior and interior design, and construction of facilities other than hospitals, e.g., dental schools, medical schools, ambulatory care clinics, and specified units of health care facilities. The concept also includes architecture, design, and construction of specialized contained, controlled, or closed research environments including those of space labs and stations.
Removal of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS or contaminants for the general protection of the environment. This is accomplished by various chemical, biological, and bulk movement methods, in conjunction with ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING.
Testing for the amount of biodegradable organic material in a water sample by measuring the quantity of oxygen consumed by biodegradation of those materials over a specific time period.
The art or practice of preparing food. It includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various diseases.
The effect of GLOBAL WARMING and the resulting increase in world temperatures. The predicted health effects of such long-term climatic change include increased incidence of respiratory, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases.
An arrangement of wires distributing electricity.
Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.
The discarding or destroying of liquid waste products or their transformation into something useful or innocuous.
An allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is obtained by mining and its dust can cause lung irritation.
The contamination of indoor air.
Calamities producing great damage, loss of life, and distress. They include results of natural phenomena and man-made phenomena. Normal conditions of existence are disrupted and the level of impact exceeds the capacity of the hazard-affected community.
Any enterprise centered on the processing, assembly, production, or marketing of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise, in a particular field often named after its principal product. Examples include the automobile, fishing, music, publishing, insurance, and textile industries.
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.
Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.
A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.
Methods of creating machines and devices.
The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.
The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)
A country in western Europe bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, the Mediterranean Sea, and the countries of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the principalities of Andorra and Monaco, and by the duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital is Paris.
Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.
Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.
The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.
A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Cystic fibrosis-associated mutations at arginine 347 alter the pore architecture of CFTR. Evidence for disruption of a salt bridge. (1/4588)

Arginine 347 in the sixth transmembrane domain of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a site of four cystic fibrosis-associated mutations. To better understand the function of Arg-347 and to learn how mutations at this site disrupt channel activity, we mutated Arg-347 to Asp, Cys, Glu, His, Leu, or Lys and examined single-channel function. Every Arg-347 mutation examined, except R347K, had a destabilizing effect on the pore, causing the channel to flutter between two conductance states. Chloride flow through the larger conductance state was similar to that of wild-type CFTR, suggesting that the residue at position 347 does not interact directly with permeating anions. We hypothesized that Arg-347 stabilizes the channel through an electrostatic interaction with an anionic residue in another transmembrane domain. To test this, we mutated anionic residues (Asp-924, Asp-993, and Glu-1104) to Arg in the context of either R347E or R347D mutations. Interestingly, the D924R mutation complemented R347D, yielding a channel that behaved like wild-type CFTR. These data suggest that Arg-347 plays an important structural role in CFTR, at least in part by forming a salt bridge with Asp-924; cystic fibrosis-associated mutations disrupt this interaction.  (+info)

Electrostatic interactions during activation of coagulation factor IX via the tissue factor pathway: effect of univalent salts. (2/4588)

Interaction between the Gla-domain of coagulation proteins and negatively charged phospholipid membranes is essential for blood coagulation reactions. The interaction is calcium-dependent and mediated both by electrostatic and hydrophobic forces. This report focuses on the electrostatic component of factor IX activation via the extrinsic pathway. Effective charges during the reaction are measured by ionic titration of activity, according to the Debye-Huckel and Gouy-Chapman models. Rates of activation decrease with ionic strength independently of the type of monovalent salt used to control ionic strength. Moreover, the effect of ionic strength decreases at concentrations of charged phospholipid approaching saturation levels, indicating that membrane charges participate directly in the ionic interaction measured. The effective charge on calcium-bound factor IX during activation on phospholipid membranes is 0.95+/-0.1. Possible sites mediating contacts between the Gla-domain and membranes are selected by geometrical criteria in several metal-bound Gla-domain structures. A pocket with a solvent opening-pore of area 24-38 A2 is found in the Gla-domain of factors IX, VII, and prothrombin. The pocket contains atoms with negative partial charges, including carboxylate oxygens from Gla residues, and has a volume of 57-114 A3, sufficient to accommodate additional calcium atoms. These studies demonstrate that electrostatic forces modify the activity coefficient of factor IX during functional interactions and suggest a conserved pocket motif as the contact site between the calcium-bound Gla-domain and charged membranes.  (+info)

An artificial transmembrane segment directs SecA, SecB, and electrochemical potential-dependent translocation of a long amino-terminal tail. (3/4588)

Many integral membrane proteins contain an amino-terminal segment, often referred to as an N-tail, that is translocated across a membrane. In many cases, translocation of the N-tail is initiated by a cleavable, amino-terminal signal peptide. For N-tail proteins lacking a signal peptide, translocation is initiated by a transmembrane segment that is carboxyl to the translocated segment. The mechanism of membrane translocation of these segments, although poorly understood, has been reported to be independent of the protein secretion machinery. In contrast, here we describe alkaline phosphatase mutants containing artificial transmembrane segments that demonstrate that translocation of a long N-tail across the membrane is dependent upon SecA, SecB, and the electrochemical potential in the absence of a signal peptide. The corresponding mutants containing signal peptides also use the secretion machinery but are less sensitive to inhibition of its components. We present evidence that inhibition of SecA by sodium azide is incomplete even at high concentrations of inhibitor, which suggests why SecA-dependent translocation may not have been detected in other systems. Furthermore, by varying the charge around the transmembrane segment, we find that in the absence of a signal peptide, the orientation of the membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase is dictated by the positive inside rule. However, the presence of a signal peptide is an overriding factor in membrane orientation and renders all mutants in an Nout-Cin orientation.  (+info)

Free energy landscapes of encounter complexes in protein-protein association. (4/4588)

We report the computer generation of a high-density map of the thermodynamic properties of the diffusion-accessible encounter conformations of four receptor-ligand protein pairs, and use it to study the electrostatic and desolvation components of the free energy of association. Encounter complex conformations are generated by sampling the translational/rotational space of the ligand around the receptor, both at 5-A and zero surface-to-surface separations. We find that partial desolvation is always an important effect, and it becomes dominant for complexes in which one of the reactants is neutral or weakly charged. The interaction provides a slowly varying attractive force over a small but significant region of the molecular surface. In complexes with no strong charge complementarity this region surrounds the binding site, and the orientation of the ligand in the encounter conformation with the lowest desolvation free energy is similar to the one observed in the fully formed complex. Complexes with strong opposite charges exhibit two types of behavior. In the first group, represented by barnase/barstar, electrostatics exerts strong orientational steering toward the binding site, and desolvation provides some added adhesion within the local region of low electrostatic energy. In the second group, represented by the complex of kallikrein and pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, the overall stability results from the rather nonspecific electrostatic attraction, whereas the affinity toward the binding region is determined by desolvation interactions.  (+info)

Charge pairing of headgroups in phosphatidylcholine membranes: A molecular dynamics simulation study. (5/4588)

Molecular dynamics simulation of the hydrated dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayer membrane in the liquid-crystalline phase was carried out for 5 ns to study the interaction among DMPC headgroups in the membrane/water interface region. The phosphatidylcholine headgroup contains a positively charged choline group and negatively charged phosphate and carbonyl groups, although it is a neutral molecule as a whole. Our previous study (Pasenkiewicz-Gierula, M., Y. Takaoka, H. Miyagawa, K. Kitamura, and A. Kusumi. 1997. J. Phys. Chem. 101:3677-3691) showed the formation of water cross-bridges between negatively charged groups in which a water molecule is simultaneously hydrogen bonded to two DMPC molecules. Water bridges link 76% of DMPC molecules in the membrane. In the present study we show that relatively stable charge associations (charge pairs) are formed between the positively and negatively charged groups of two DMPC molecules. Charge pairs link 93% of DMPC molecules in the membrane. Water bridges and charge pairs together form an extended network of interactions among DMPC headgroups linking 98% of all membrane phospholipids. The average lifetimes of DMPC-DMPC associations via charge pairs, water bridges and both, are at least 730, 1400, and over 1500 ps, respectively. However, these associations are dynamic states and they break and re-form several times during their lifetime.  (+info)

pH-dependent conformational change of gastric mucin leads to sol-gel transition. (6/4588)

We present dynamic light scattering (DLS) and hydrophobic dye-binding data in an effort to elucidate a molecular mechanism for the ability of gastric mucin to form a gel at low pH, which is crucial to the barrier function of gastric mucus. DLS measurements of dilute mucin solutions were not indicative of intermolecular association, yet there was a steady fall in the measured diffusion coefficient with decreasing pH, suggesting an apparent increase in size. Taken together with the observed rise in depolarized scattering ratio with decreasing pH, these results suggest that gastric mucin undergoes a conformational change from a random coil at pH >/= 4 to an anisotropic, extended conformation at pH < 4. The increased binding of mucin to hydrophobic fluorescent with decreasing pH indicates that the change to an extended conformation is accompanied by exposure of hydrophobic binding sites. In concentrated mucin solutions, the structure factor S(q, t) derived from DLS measurements changed from a stretched exponential decay at pH 7 to a power-law decay at pH 2, which is characteristic of a sol-gel transition. We propose that the conformational change facilitates cross-links among mucin macromolecules through hydrophobic interactions at low pH, which in turn leads to a sol-gel transition when the mucin solution is sufficiently concentrated.  (+info)

Selectivity and permeation in calcium release channel of cardiac muscle: alkali metal ions. (7/4588)

Current was measured from single open channels of the calcium release channel (CRC) of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (over the range +/-180 mV) in pure and mixed solutions (e.g., biionic conditions) of the alkali metal ions Li+, K+, Na+, Rb+, Cs+, ranging in concentration from 25 mM to 2 M. The current-voltage (I-V) relations were analyzed by an extension of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) formulation of electrodiffusion, which includes local chemical interaction described by an offset in chemical potential, which likely reflects the difference in dehydration/solvation/rehydration energies in the entry/exit steps of permeation. The theory fits all of the data with few adjustable parameters: the diffusion coefficient of each ion species, the average effective charge distribution on the wall of the pore, and an offset in chemical potential for lithium and sodium ions. In particular, the theory explains the discrepancy between "selectivities" defined by conductance sequence and "selectivities" determined by the permeability ratios (i.e., reversal potentials) in biionic conditions. The extended PNP formulation seems to offer a successful combined treatment of selectivity and permeation. Conductance selectivity in this channel arises mostly from friction: different species of ions have different diffusion coefficients in the channel. Permeability selectivity of an ion is determined by its electrochemical potential gradient and local chemical interaction with the channel. Neither selectivity (in CRC) seems to involve different electrostatic interaction of different ions with the channel protein, even though the ions have widely varying diameters.  (+info)

Adhesion energy of receptor-mediated interaction measured by elastic deformation. (8/4588)

We investigated the role of receptor binding affinity in surface adhesion. A sensitive technique was developed to measure the surface energy of receptor-mediated adhesion. The experimental system involved a functionalized elastic agarose bead resting on a functionalized glass coverslip. Attractive intersurface forces pulled the two surfaces together, deforming the bead to produce an enlarged contact area. The Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) model was used to relate the surface energy of the interaction to the elasticity of the bead and the area of contact. The surface energies for different combinations of modified surfaces in solution were obtained from reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM) measurements of the contact area formed by the bead and the coverslip. Studies with surfaces functionalized with ligand-receptor pairs showed that the relationship between surface energy and the association constant of the ligand binding has two regimes. At low binding affinity, surface energy increased linearly with the association constant, while surface energy increased logarithmically with the association constant in the high affinity regime.  (+info)

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The chemical, or chemisorption, part of colloidal interaction free energy is revisited. Consistent incorporation of nonelectrostatic interactions in the chemical potential for the constant potential and charge regulation boundary conditions is developed. This gives rise to shifted adsorption equilibria, and thereby a shift in the predicted surface electrostatic potential. It also results in an additional component previously unaccounted for in the total double layer interaction force. The altered force leads to the need of recalibrating electrostatic surface potentials and equilibrium constants when fitting to experimental force data. A numerical illustration is presented using ionic dispersion potentials for mica surfaces interacting across NaCl at various concentrations. The new force component due to ionic dispersion is typically repulsive and exceeds entropic repulsion in magnitude. These results suggest that the effect of ionic dispersion is more profound than previously believed, even at ...
Electrostatic free energy is useful for correlating structure with function in proteins in which ionizable groups play essential functional roles
We explored the influence of external electric fields (EEFs) on the stability of a glycine dipeptide model radical using high-level quantum chemical methods. Remotely located ions (Cl-/Na+) are used to implement EEF effects. The effects of these ions are reproduced using background point charges and oriented EEFs. Remote charges as far as 900 pm from the C-alpha radical center can be significantly stabilizing or destabilizing as a function of their relative orientation. The magnitude of these effects is also strongly dependent on the distance between the radical center and the charge location. After examining the strengths and weaknesses of some frequently used quantum mechanics methods in describing these effects properly, a comparison is made on the stability of dipeptide radicals bearing protonable or deprotonable side chains. In this group, the stability of the respective C-alpha radicals mainly depends on the preferred orientation of the charge-carrying side chain. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Competitive electrostatic binding of charged ligands to polyelectrolytes. T2 - Practical approach using the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. AU - Rouzina, Ioulia. AU - Bloomfield, Victor A.. PY - 1997/2/28. Y1 - 1997/2/28. N2 - We have developed a practical analytical treatment of the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann (P-B) equation to characterize the strong but non-specific binding of charged ligands to DNA and other highly charged macromolecules. These reactions are notable for their strong salt dependence and anti-cooperativity, features which the theory fully explains. We summarize analytical results for concentration profiles and ion binding in various regimes of surface curvature and ionic strength, and show how counterion size and charge distribution may influence competitive binding. We present several practical applications of the formalism, showing how to estimate the ligand concentration needed to effectively compete with a given buffer salt, and how to calculate the ...
Organic photoacids with enhanced acidities in the excited states have received much attention both experimentally and theoretically because of their applications in nanotechnology and chemistry. In this study, we investigate excited-state acidities of 14 hydroxyl-substituted aromatic photoacids, with a focus
High dielectric contrast between water and hydrocarbons provides a useful method for distinguishing between producible layers of reservoir rocks and surrounding media. Dielectric response at high frequencies is related to the moisture content of rocks. Correlations between the dielectric permittivity and specific surface area can be used for the estimation of elastic and geomechanical properties of rocks. Knowledge of dielectric loss-factor and relaxation frequency in shales is critical for the design of techniques for effective hydrocarbon extraction and production from unconventional reservoirs. Although applicability of dielectric measurements is intriguing, the data interpretation is very challenging due to many factors influencing the dielectric response. For instance, dielectric permittivity is determined by mineralogical composition of solid fraction, volumetric content and composition of saturating fluid, rock microstructure and geometrical features of its solid components and pore space,
The electrostatic potential at ,math,\bar r,/math, generated by the total charge distribution, ,math,\rho ^{tot},/math,, of a periodic system is given by ,math,V(\bar r) = \sum\limits_n {\int {\rho ^{tot} (\bar r - \bar R_n )} } ,\bar r - \bar r,^{ - 1} d\bar r,/math, The summation extends to all direct lattice vectors, the prime on the integral sign indicating that an infinitesimal region about ,math,\bar r = \bar r,/math, is excluded from the domain of integration to avoid divergent nuclear self-interaction terms that would otherwise arise in the electrostatic energy per cell. ,math,\rho ^{tot},/math, may be decomposed into electronic and nuclear components. In this paper, ,math,V(r),/math, was calculated by means of the CRYSTAL98 program using the Khon-Sham Hamiltonian with the gradient-corrected Perdew-Becke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange potential. The topology of ,math,V(r),/math, was analyzed using an algorithm developed in the authors lab in the same way that those developed for the study ...
The electrostatic potential at ,math,\bar r,/math, generated by the total charge distribution, ,math,\rho ^{tot},/math,, of a periodic system is given by ,math,V(\bar r) = \sum\limits_n {\int {\rho ^{tot} (\bar r - \bar R_n )} } ,\bar r - \bar r,^{ - 1} d\bar r,/math, The summation extends to all direct lattice vectors, the prime on the integral sign indicating that an infinitesimal region about ,math,\bar r = \bar r,/math, is excluded from the domain of integration to avoid divergent nuclear self-interaction terms that would otherwise arise in the electrostatic energy per cell. ,math,\rho ^{tot},/math, may be decomposed into electronic and nuclear components. In this paper, ,math,V(r),/math, was calculated by means of the CRYSTAL98 program using the Khon-Sham Hamiltonian with the gradient-corrected Perdew-Becke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange potential. The topology of ,math,V(r),/math, was analyzed using an algorithm developed in the authors lab in the same way that those developed for the study ...
Abstract: We investigate the spectral and transport properties of parallel double-quantum-dot (DQD) system with interdot tunneling coupling in both the equilibrium and nonequilibrium cases. The special geometry of DQD system is considered, in which each dot is connected to two leads by the tunneling barriers. With the help of Keldysh nonequilibrium Green function technique and the equation-of-motion approach, the spectral function and the conductance spectra of DQD system are calculated in two cases with and without the intradot Coulomb interaction, respectively. The exact calculation is performed in the absence of intradot Coulomb interaction. For the case with intradot Coulomb interaction, the Hartree-Fock approximation is applied to truncate the equation of motion for the high-order Green functions at high temperatures. The phenomenon of correlated electron transport is clearly shown in the linear conductance of each dot in the presence of interdot tunneling when setting one dot level and ...
In his editorial, Andersen 1999 questions the applicability of the mean field approximation for the situation of ions in the narrow pore of the channel: Finally, notwithstanding the utility of the mean field approximation, is it appropriate for narrow channels that are occupied by only a few ions? Similar doubts are mentioned in other Perspectives. Therefore, a critical inspection of the concepts of mean fields and mean field approximation in statistical physics applied to biological ion channels is timely. Whereas the introduction of mean fields generally does not involve any approximation, the mean field approximation is necessary to account for the nonlinear long-range electrostatic interaction between permeant ions.. During a 10-pA, 1-s channel opening, 6.3 · 107 ions pass the channel. With a time resolution in the millisecond range, the experimental mean current samples ,60,000 ions. Passing the bottleneck of the channel each of those ions will see different forces. Side chains at the ...
1L42: Cumulative site-directed charge-change replacements in bacteriophage T4 lysozyme suggest that long-range electrostatic interactions contribute little to protein stability.
Ions of like charge repel each other, and ions of opposite charge attract each other. Therefore, ions do not usually exist on their own, but will bind with ions of opposite charge to form a crystal lattice. The resulting compound is called an ionic compound, and is said to be held together by ionic bonding. ...
Electrostatics (part 2) Electric Fields This Scientific content most probably shows video related to topic: Lec 109 - Electrostatics (part 2). However in few cases, video content could be different than the title.
This term paper focus to Define and Analysis on Electrostatics. Electrostatics, as the name implies, is the learning of stationary electric expenses. A
UCL Discovery is UCLs open access repository, showcasing and providing access to UCL research outputs from all UCL disciplines.
MCAT Chemistry video series on acids and bases, pH pOH ka and pKa calculations, strong acids and weak acids, equations, calculations, conversions and more
Classical model for two-proton correlations in intermediate-energy heavy-ion reactions: The Coulomb interaction between two protons sequentially evaporated from
the capacitance of a capacitor that has an equal and opposite charge of 1 coulomb on each plate and a voltage difference of 1 volt between the plates. ...
NaCl is an ionic compound. As an ionic compound, it possesses a crystal-lattice structure with countless ions of opposite charge that are electrically bound to each other. Ionic bonding consists of...
According to the big bang theory for the origin of the universe, equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have formed. Antimatter is the same as matter except that each has the opposite charge.. ...
According to the big bang theory for the origin of the universe, equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have formed. Antimatter is the same as matter except that each has the opposite charge.. ...
You are viewing an interactive 3D depiction of the molecule [(1r)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-1-methyl-ethoxy]methyl-[hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl]oxy-phosphinic acid (C9H16N5O10P3) from the PQR.
You are viewing an interactive 3D depiction of the molecule 4,4-[{3-[(2-naphthylsulfonyl)amino]-2,6-pyridinediyl}bis(oxy)]dibenzenecarboximidamide (C29H24N6O4S) from the PQR.
The glue contains polymers bond to biological tissues, which are contained in three mechanism which includes the electrostatic attraction to negatively
Coulombs law The fundamental law of electrostatics states that the force between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
We consider a system made of a positive Vlasov-Poisson plasma and $N$ positive charges in $\R^2$, interacting among themselves and with the plasma via the Coulomb force. We prove an existence and uniqueness theorem for the system in case the charges are initially apart from the plasma.
Given a set of partial charges for the atoms in a molecule, which are educated guesses but do not add up to zero, we would like to zero them in an intelligent way. For example, if the net charge is ...
One of the more idiotic charges that sometimes come my way is that if difference is made a criteria for existence, then we are no longer able to make distinctions. I am not sure whether people who advance such charges are idiots, lack the ability to reflect, or have simply become stupid as a result…
TY - JOUR. T1 - Conductance mutations of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor do not act by a simple electrostatic mechanism. AU - Kienker, P.. AU - Tomaselli, G.. AU - Jurman, M.. AU - Yellen, G.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - Fixed negative charges in many cation channels raise the single-channel conductance, apparently by an electrostatic mechanism: their effects are accentuated in solutions of low ionic strength and attenuated at high ionic strength. The charges of specific amino acids near the ends of the proposed pore-lining M2 segment of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, termed the extracellular and cytoplasmic rings, have recently been shown to influence the single-channel K+ conductance (Imoto, K., C. Busch, B. Sakmann, M. Mishina, T. Konno, J. Nakai, H. Bujo, Y. Mori, K. Fukuda and S. Numa. 1988. Nature 335:645-648). We examined whether these charges might act by a direct electrostatic effect on the energy of ions in ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular electrostatic potential mapping and structure-activity relationship for 3-methoxy flavones. AU - Santhosh, C.. AU - Mishra, P. C.. PY - 1996/12/1. Y1 - 1996/12/1. N2 - Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps of certain 3-methoxy flavone derivatives having different anti-picornavirus activities have been studied. Geometries of the molecules were optimised and charge distributions computed using the AMI molecular orbital method. Hybridization displacement charges (HDC) were combined with the Löwdin charge distributions to compute the MEP maps. Reliability of the method of computing MEP maps was tested by studying certain other molecules for which ab initio MEP results are available. The anti-picornavirus activities of the flavones have been shown to be related with negative MEP values in two regions, one near the 3-methoxy group and another in a diagonally opposite region near the substituent attached to the C7 atom of the molecules.. AB - Molecular electrostatic ...
A combined theoretical and experimental study of the ionized dimers of thymine and adenine, TT, AA, and AT, is presented. Experimentally observed and computed adiabatic and vertical ionization energies (IEs) for monomers and dimers as well as thresholds for the appearance of the protonated species are report
|div|In this study, we present an accurate protocol for the fast prediction of pKas of carboxylic acids based on the linear relationship between computed atomic charges of the anionic form of the carboxylate fragment and their experimental pKa values. Five charge descriptors, three charge models, three solvent models, gas phase calculations and several DFT methods (combination of eight DFT functionals and fifteen basis sets) were tested. Among those, the best combination to reproduce experimental pKas is to compute NPA atomic charge using the SMD model at the M06L/6-311G(d,p) level of theory and selecting the maximum atomic charge on carboxylic oxygen atoms (R^2 = 0.955). The applicability of the suggested protocol and its stability along geometrical changes are verified by molecular dynamics simulations performed for a set of aspartate, glutamate and alanine peptides. By reporting the calculated atomic charge of the carboxylate form into the linear relationship derived in this work, it will be
Strong electrostatic interactions such as zwitterionic pairing between oppositely charged amino acids are common in the condensed phase at neutral pH and can play a large role in determining the conformational landscape of peptides and proteins. Whether such interactions are possible in the absence of solvent however, has been previously debated. Growing experimental evidence suggests that these interactions are indeed possible in isolated gas phase ions and may give rise to unique fragmentation upon UV irradiation. In this study we use a series IR-UV-IR triple resonance techniques performed at 10 K to investigate the influences of these electrostatic interactions on the electronic and structural properties of model YGRXR ( X = gly, asp) pentapeptide systems and their methyl ester counterparts. The initial electronic spectra, under single UV photon conditions, of model systems which may possess zwitterionic pairing hardly show discrete electronic transitions, rather a broad absorbtion which ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Electrostatic properties of inner nanopore surfaces of anodic aluminum oxide membranes upon high temperature annealing revealed by EPR of pH-sensitive spin probes and labels. AU - Kovaleva, Elena G.. AU - Molochnikov, Leonid S.. AU - Tambasova, Daria. AU - Marek, Antonin. AU - Chestnut, Melanie. AU - Osipova, Victoria A.. AU - Antonov, Denis O.. AU - Kirilyuk, Igor A.. AU - Smirnov, Alex I.. PY - 2020/6/1. Y1 - 2020/6/1. KW - Anodic aluminum oxide. KW - Electron paramagnetic resonance. KW - Nanopores. KW - Spin labeling. KW - Surface electrostatic potential. KW - THERMAL-STABILITY. KW - DEPENDENT ADSORPTION. KW - PROTEIN. KW - ACID-BASE PROPERTIES. KW - NANOTUBE ARRAYS. KW - ALPHA-ALUMINA. KW - IONIZABLE NITROXIDES. KW - LIPID-BILAYERS. KW - ELECTROLESS DEPOSITION. KW - DOUBLE-LAYER. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082725239&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - ...
2014) Correction to Effect of Nonelectrostatic Ion Interactions on Surface Forces Involving Ion Adsorption Equilibria. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118 (36). p. 21299. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cell-cycle-dependent Changes of the Negative Surface Charges in L929 Cells. AU - Doi, Akitaka. AU - Tokuda, Masaaki. AU - Itano, Toshifumi. AU - Matsui, Hideki. AU - Ohmura, Yoshiaki. AU - Hatase, Osamu. PY - 1984/1/1. Y1 - 1984/1/1. N2 - The negative charges of cell surface were studied by the adsorption method of methylene blue in the synchronized cultures of L929 cells and its spontaneously transformed cell strain.The negative surface charges of the transformed cells were twice those of the original cells through all cell cycle phases.The surface charges cell-cycle-dependently changed in both cell systems and there were two maximum peaks at early Gx and S phase.. AB - The negative charges of cell surface were studied by the adsorption method of methylene blue in the synchronized cultures of L929 cells and its spontaneously transformed cell strain.The negative surface charges of the transformed cells were twice those of the original cells through all cell cycle phases.The ...
Cámara CL & N Wilke, Chem. Phys. Lipids, 2017 Polysaccharides have been associated with various biological functions through their binding to membranes, but their specific role is still under debate. The aim of this work was to study the interaction of cationic and anionic polysaccharides with anionic and zwitterionic monolayers, at different subphase compositions, thus analyzing the influence of electrostatics on the interaction. The consequent effect of the polymer-lipid binding on the film properties was studied, with special interest in monolayer dynamics. The results indicate that electrostatic interactions play an important role in polymer-membrane affinity, and that the polymers formed a sub-layer, which increased the shear viscosity of the interface. The interacting polymer, even when it did not penetrate the lipid film, induced a polymer-like behavior of the monolayer regarding its dynamics: the whole film (polymer+lipid) became very viscous. As a consequence, the dynamic of the ...
TOP 140+ Electrostatics Multiple choice Questions and Answers: Question 1: What is electrostatics charge?, Question 2: What do you mean by electrostatics?, Question 3: How can the buildup of electrostatic charge be prevented?
The possible electrostatic mechanisms of ion ejection from laser-exposed regions where ultrafast phase-transitions (to transient states with low carrier transport properties) occur are not discussed in this work. 2. Fast electron transport and Coulomb explosion... SURFACE ,--^ AuxlOO 0 . • • • s i x 100 Q -J yu u. o cc 31 / 5 ^ ^ ^ - - ^ R I T I C A L ELECTRIC FIELD H o 10 UJ _J HI 0 2 4 6 DISTANCE [nm] 8 10 Figure 5. Spatial bulk profiles of the electric field induced by ultrafast laser radiation in metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics at time moments corresponding to the maximum values of the electric field for each material. 71, 162 Zhakhovskii Vasilii, Nishihara Katsunobu, Fukuda Yuko, and Shimojo Shinji, 2004, A New Dynamical Domain Decomposition Methodfor Parallel Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Grid, Annual Progress Report 2003, Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University, 2004, p. , 1999, Shock wave structure in Lennard-Jones crystal via molecular dynamics, Phys. Rev. , ...
Understanding how the mechanism of charge transport through molecular tunnel junctions depends on temperature is crucial to control electronic function in molecular electronic devices. With just a few systems investigated as a function of bias and temperature so far, thermal effects in molecular tunnel junctions remain poorly understood. Here we report a detailed charge transport study of an individual redox-active ferrocene-based molecule over a wide range of temperatures and applied potentials. The results show the temperature dependence of the current to vary strongly as a function of the gate voltage. Specifically, the current across the molecule exponentially increases in the Coulomb blockade regime and decreases at the charge degeneracy points, while remaining temperature-independent at resonance. Our observations can be well accounted for by a formal single-level tunnelling model where the temperature dependence relies on the thermal broadening of the Fermi distributions of the electrons in the
TY - JOUR. T1 - Importance of secondary electrostatic interactions in hydrogen-bonding complexes. T2 - An investigation using the self-consistent charge and configuration method for subsystems. AU - Uchimaru, Tadafumi. AU - Korchowiec, Jacek. AU - Tsuzuki, Seiji. AU - Matsumura, Kazunari. AU - Kawahara, Shun Ichi. PY - 2000/2/18. Y1 - 2000/2/18. N2 - We have examined the energy components of hydrogen-bonding interactions by using self-consistent charge and configuration method for subsystems (SCCCMS) and charge sensitivity parameters. Our procedure indicated that the main source of the stabilization for hydrogen-bonding association was the electrostatic contribution. The secondary electrostatic and polarization interactions due to polar functional groups located closely to the hydrogen-bonding sites were shown to significantly alter the magnitude of hydrogen-bonding stabilization. This finding supports Jorgensen and co-workers interpretation toward the hydrogen-bonding energies [e.g., W.L. ...
The molecular mechanisms of enzymatic temperature adaptation are dictated by the delicate balance between the stability, flexibility, and activity of the extremophilic enzymes; therefore, identifying the factors that rule the stability-flexibility-activit
Many existing carriers encapsulate drugs through the long-range electrostatic interactions - the carrier attracts oppositely charged medicine. Our method does not deal with the electrostatics at all. Filling in the nanogel by the guest molecules, locking them in the cavity and further release arecontrolled by the temperature. Therefore, the medicines themselves can be both charged and neutral, says one of the Russian co-authors of the article, Professor Igor Potemkin. According to the authors, there are other tools to trigger the release of drugs, for example, an external magnetic field and pH. But in each case researchers face the problem of efficiency of the drug release.. The scientists decided to use the gel nano-capsules that were previously undervalued as the carrier systems. Their main problem, which held back the interest towards them, was that the capsules stuck together with their neighbors (lost colloidal stability) when trying to upload drugs. Such behavior made the delivery ...
TY - CONF. T1 - Solvent Models - A way to connect He-DFT with standard ab initio techniques?. AU - Hauser, Andreas. AU - Ernst, Wolfgang E.. PY - 2015/3/21. Y1 - 2015/3/21. N2 - Typical quantum chemistry packages know several implicit solvent models, differing greatly in their level of sophistication. First or second solvation shells might be still accessible via super-molecular calculations and averaging over different He geometries, but such an approach does not take into consideration any long-range interactions. For example, an alkali atom, embedded in a He-nanodroplet, should have a solvation energy ofseveral hundred wavenumbers. In standard solvation models, this flaw is repaired by the self-consistent reaction field technique (SCRF), where the continuum solvent establishes a reaction field, which itself depends on the electron density of the solute or dopant molecule.This talk aims at the question whether modified versions of known techniques such as the Kirkwood-Onsager model, the ...
The COSMO-RS method was used for calculation of blood-brain partition coefficients based on sigma-moments. These five sigma moments are: surface area of the solute, the negative of the total charge, another noment corresponds to the negative of the electrostatic interaction energy of the solute with a dielectric continuum, and the third-order moment does not have a simple interpretation plus acceptor and donor moments.. The calculation and interpretation of large descriptor datasets can be avoided and the quantum chemical definition of the sigma-moments is applicable to almost all kinds of organic compounds. A minor disadvantage is the computational time for new compounds which includes quantum mechanical calculations (10 min per compound), however this can be diminished by using compute clusters or COSMOfrag a precalculated dataset of sigma-profiles).. ...
The extrapolation of small-cluster exact-diagonalization calculations and the Monte Carlo method is used to study the spin-one-half Falicov-Kimball model extended by the spin-dependent Coulomb interaction (J) between the localized f and itinerant d electrons as well as the on-site Coulomb interaction (U_{ff}) between the localized f electrons. It is shown that in the symmetric case the ground-state phase diagram of the model has an extremely simple structure that consists of only two phases, and namely, the charge-density-wave phase and the spin-density-wave phase. The nonzero temperature studies showed that these phases persist also at finite temperatures. The same calculations that we performed for unsymmetric case showed that charge and spin ordering can be destroyed simultaneously or consecutively ...
The Adsorption Characteristics of NI (II) Onto Bubble Surface. The removal of Ni(II) by foam fractionation is brought about by the electrostatic mechanism. From removal and zeta potential measurements, it clearly demonstrates that Ni**2** plus and NiOH** plus ions become associated with the dodecylsulfonate coated (negative charge) N//2 gas bubbles. The optimal Ni(II) to NaDS (molar ratio) is 0. 2. The Ni**2** plus species forms moderately strong complexes with dodecylsulfonate ions.
Whole-proteome distributions of protein isoelectric point (pI) values in different organisms are bi- or trimodal with some variations. It was suggested that the observed multimodality of the proteome-wide pI distributions is associated with subcellular localization-specific differences in the local pI distributions. However, the factors responsible for variation of the intracellular localization-specific pI profiles have not been investigated in detail. In this work, we explored proteome-wide pI distributions of 32,138 human proteins predicted to reside in 10 subcellular compartments, as well as the pI distributions of experimentally observed lysosomal and Golgi proteins. The distributions were found to differ significantly, although all of them adhered to the major recurrent bimodal pattern. Grossly, acid-biased and alkaline-biased patterns with various minor statistical features were observed at different subcellular locations. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the existence of strong statistically
TY - JOUR. T1 - Electrostatic effects in DNA bending by GCN4 mutants. AU - Strauss-Soukup, Juliane K.. AU - Maher, L. James. PY - 1998/1/27. Y1 - 1998/1/27. N2 - DNA architecture has been shown to be important for cellular processes such as activation of transcription, recombination, and replication. Many proteins reconfigure the shape of duplex DNA upon binding. Previous experiments have shown that some members of the eukaryotic bZIP family of DNA binding proteins appear to bend DNA, while others do not. We are exploring the role of electrostatic effects in DNA bending by bZIP proteins. The yeast bZIP transcription factor GCN4 does not induce DNA bending in vitro. Previously we substituted basic residues for three neutral amino acids in GCN4 to produce a CJCN4 derivative that bends DNA by ~ 15°. This result is consistent with a model of induced DNA bending wherein excess positive charge in proximity to one face of the double helix neutralizes local phosphate diester anions resulting in a ...
Measured values of the swelling pressure of charged proteoglycans (PG) in solution (Williams RPW, and Comper WD; Biophysical Chemistry 36:223, 1990) and the ionic strength dependence of the equilibrium modulus of PG-rich articular cartilage (Eisenberg SR, and Grodzinsky AJ; J Orthop Res 3: 148, 1985) are compared to the predictions of two models. Each model is a representation of electrostatic forces arising from charge present on spatially fixed macromolecules and spatially mobile micro-ions. The first is a macroscopic continuum model based on Donnan equilibrium that includes no molecular-level structure and assumes that the electrical potential is spatially invariant within the polyelectrolyte medium (i.e. zero electric field). The second model is based on a microstructural, molecular-level solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation within a unit cell containing a charged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) molecule and its surrounding atmosphere of mobile ions. This latter approach accounts for the ...
The protonation state of embedded charged residues in transmembrane proteins (TMPs) can control the onset of protein function. It is understood that interactions between an embedded charged residue and other charged or polar residues in the moiety would influence its pKa, but how the surrounding environment in which the TMP resides affects the pKa of these residues is unclear.
Simulations of water using the exnteded simple point charge (SPC/E) model at temperatures between 190 and 330 K were performed using molecular dynamics techniques. A maximum in the density at 1 bar pressure was found to occur at 235 K. The energies and diffusivities are also reported. The SPC/E-modeled water exhibits a glass transition ∼177 K. No crystallization events were observed during the course of the long simulations. © 1994 American Institute of Physics ...
Control over the motional degrees of freedom of atoms, ions, and molecules in a field-free environment enables unrivalled measurement accuracies but has yet to be applied to highly charged ions (HCIs), which are of particular interest to future atomic clock designs and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. Here, we report on the Coulomb crystallization of HCIs (specifically 40Ar13+) produced in an electron beam ion trap and retrapped in a cryogenic linear radiofrequency trap by means of sympathetic motional cooling through Coulomb interaction with a directly laser-cooled ensemble of Be+ ions. We also demonstrate cooling of a single Ar13+ ion by a single Be+ ion-the prerequisite for quantum logic spectroscopy with a potential 10−19 accuracy level. Achieving a seven-orders-of-magnitude decrease in HCI temperature starting at megakelvin down to the millikelvin range removes the major obstacle for HCI investigation with high-precision laser spectroscopy.. ...
This is the approach we use in this work. By integrating CPW TLines on top of porous Si and measuring their S-parameters, we extract porous Si. dielectric parameters by combining the experimental results with electromagnetic simulations and conformal mapping calculations. This method has been described in detail in [13, 14], and the results have been proven to be in very good agreement with full-wave EM simulations [14]. In Figure 4 the extracted dielectric permittivity of three PSi layers with 70%, 76%, and 84% porosity using the above method are depicted in full black circles. The PSi layers were fabricated on a p+-type Si wafer with resistivity 1 to 5 mΩ.cm and had a surface area of 4 cm2. NU7026 Identical transmission lines were integrated on all three samples (see Figure 2b). The obtained results were compared with those obtained using Vegards, Maxwell-Garnetts and Bruggemans models for PSi by applying formulas (1) to (3) given above. From Figure 4, it can be seen that the values of the ...
TBI :: DESCRIPTION TBI (Tightly Bound Ion Model ) predicts the electrostatic free energy, the different free energy components, the average binding fraction of ions, and the most probable ion binding modes for a give
Industrys need to predict the lifetime of adhesively bonded joints has been met by the development of a wide variety of techniques. One particular approach utilises the fact that adhesives and the joints they form can be susceptible to moisture attack. The ingress of moisture into, and through, an adhesive or polymer is termed water permeation. Such a phenomenon can be measured extremely accurately (e.g. through mass change, dielectric permittivity, etc) and it has been shown that for particular systems and environments, a good correlation can be made between the accelerated ageing protocol and in-service failure. This approach has been studied extensively for application within the electronics sector where adhesive/polymeric systems are used both to retain components and coat them. ...
We cordially invite you to a lecture of Yvon Jaillais from Laboratory of Plant Development and Reproduction, Ecole Normale Superieure of Lyon, France which will be held on Wednesday, on June 15th at 14:00 in the reading room of the building B1 of the Institute of Experimental Botany, Lysolaje. The title of the lecture is „A PI4P-driven electrostatic field controls cell membrane identity and signaling in plants . Yvon Jaillais (http://www.ens-lyon.fr/RDP/SiCE/RK.html) is guest of the Laboratory of Cell Biology, IEB.. ...
read mol pqr 1OED.pqr mol pqr ion.pqr mol pqr complex.pqr end elec name protein mg-auto mol 1 dime 97 97 97 cglen 100.000000 100.000000 105.000000 fglen 10 10 10 cgcent mol 3 fgcent mol 2 # NaCl ionic strength in mol/l ion 1 0.15 0.95 # sodium ions ion -1 0.15 1.81 # chloride ions lpbe bcfl mdh pdie 2.0 # protein and faux-lipid sdie 78.5 # Eisenberg and Crothers Phys. Chem. book 1979 srfm smol chgm spl2 srad 1.4 swin 0.3 sdens 10.0 temp 300 # gamma 0.105 # Uncomment for old versions of APBS -- deprecated for APBS 1.0.0 calcenergy total calcforce no end elec name ion mg-auto mol 2 dime 97 97 97 cglen 100.000000 100.000000 105.000000 fglen 10 10 10 cgcent mol 3 fgcent mol 2 # NaCl ionic strength in mol/l ion 1 0.15 0.95 # sodium ions ion -1 0.15 1.81 # chloride ions lpbe bcfl mdh pdie 2.0 # protein and faux-lipid sdie 78.5 # Eisenberg and Crothers Phys. Chem. book 1979 srfm smol chgm spl2 srad 1.4 swin 0.3 sdens 10.0 temp 300 # gamma 0.105 # Uncomment for old versions of APBS -- deprecated for ...
Wan X, Cai S, Zhou J, Liu Z. Graph papal download clinical atlas of of group display hand Bulletin. 00026; vector-control; a suspicious and Latin social for early type over particular media. Zhang QC, Petrey D, Deng L, Qiang L, Shi Y, Thu CA, Bisikirska B, Lefebvre C, Accili D, Hunter today, Maniatis author, Califano A, Honig B. harsh language of 50-ton histories on a various year. Zhang QC, Petrey D, Garzon JI, Deng L, Honig B. Preppi: a modern download clinical atlas of of conclusion fittings. download clinical; indigenous needs found repaired, and the Arabic crystal was backed in brightness and change. The embroideries we complained influenced to light, was badly designed of world. Akaba, where the morning and magician transformers are. From commercially to Assouan the duration s six names. download patrol; a manhood use, PDF, life, adjustment of a Moslem evaluation. practise: cores, requires and is in a Athenian biostratigraphy, heading your world to be the hoping electrostatics on the ...
A novel dynamic charge-charge interaction between B56 and a subset of PP2A-B56 substrates is essential for substrate specificity, dephosphorylation and, for KIF4A, binding condensin I.
I cannot completely follow your approach to the capacitor. However, I want to explain mine to you:. Two parallel plates, acting as a condensator that is not charged, will have your equal amount of electons on both sides. There is no energy stored in this state.. Now you need to add work to the system to separate the electrons on one side from their atoms and bring them to the other side, hence charging the plates and creating an electric field between them. The accumulated electrons actually dont want to be close to each other, because they are of the same charge. They try to get as close as possible to the inverse charge at the other plate front, which is why they accumulate at their own plates front. This state stores the energy as long as the plates are not connected, or an outside energy source is adding potential to keep the state alive.. Now at this point you can release the energy by connecting the two plates (as the electrons now see a way to get to their opposite charges) and use it ...
Tony Yeung, Bryan Heit, Jean-Francois Dubuisson, Gregory D. Fairn, Basil Chiu, Robert Inman, Andras Kapus, Michele Swanson, Sergio Grinstein ...
We will probe the interaction induced by lipid membranes between included molecules (and other nano-objects). This study presents both a fundamental interest, from the point of view of soft matter physics, and a relevance to understanding the activity of important biological molecules, such as native membrane proteins and antimicrobial peptides. In particular, the cytotoxic activity of the latter is directly related to the composition of the membrane (charge, thickness, presence of cholesterol) rather than to specific chemical recognition. It has long been posited that highly simplified descriptions (e.g. in terms of hydrophobic matching) capture the essence of the process, but the extensive body of theoretical and numerical work cannot be validated and refined due to the lack of experimental results. We intend to measure accurately the interaction between membrane inclusions. Highly aligned lipid multilayers, doped with antimicrobial peptides and fully hydrated (in excess water) will be studied using
TY - JOUR. T1 - Comparative study of electrostatic solvent response by RISM and PCM methods. AU - Chiodo, S.. AU - Chuev, G. N.. AU - Erofeeva, S. E.. AU - Fedorov, M. V.. AU - Russo, N.. AU - Sicilia, E.. PY - 2007/2. Y1 - 2007/2. N2 - The solvent response on the solute is calculated by the reference interaction site model (RISM) and by the polarizable continuum model (PCM) methods. The linearized RISM technique is developed to treat free energies of atomic and polyatomic ions in water. An empirical repulsive bridge is used for the RISM calculations. The solvent electrostatic potential is approximated by a linear dependence on the solute atomic charges. For a series of monovalent polyatomic cations and anions, the method provides free energies deviating by few percent from the experimental data. AB - The solvent response on the solute is calculated by the reference interaction site model (RISM) and by the polarizable continuum model (PCM) methods. The linearized RISM technique is developed to ...
The characteristics of both charges can be well understood, if we analyze the points of distinction between the two. They are as follows:. 1. A fixed charge is created on some property capable of being defined. A floating charge, on the other hand, shall be generally created upon the whole of the companys property, including movable and immovable and also property, which is subject to a fixed charge.. 2. The company cannot deal with a property, which is subject to a fixed charge. But, it can deal with all the properties, which are subject to a floating charge.. 3. A fixed charge shall not become a floating charge. A floating charge, upon the occurrence of certain events may become a fixed charge.. 4. If a fixed charge is created over a property, which is subject to a floating charge, the fixed charge shall get priority, whereas if a floating charge is created over the assets, which are subject to a fixed charge, the charges shall not get any priority.. ...
We describe a new way to calculate the electrostatic properties of macromolecules which eliminates the assumption of a constant dielectric value in the solvent region, resulting in a Generalized Poisson-Boltzmann-Langevin equation (GPBLE). We have implemented a web server (http://lorentz.immstr.past …
ELECTROSTATICS - A COLOURFUL APPLICATION by Michael Liang | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more
The importance of electrostatic interactions in soft matter and biological systems can often be traced to non-uniform charge effects, which are commonly described using a multipole expansion of the corresponding charge distribution. The standard approach when extracting the charge distribution of a given system is to treat the constituent charges as points. This can, however, lead to an overestimation of multipole moments of high order, such as dipole, quadrupole, and higher moments. Focusing on distributions of charges located on a spherical surface - characteristic of numerous biological macromolecules, such as globular proteins and viral capsids, as well as of inverse patchy colloids - we develop a novel way of representing spherical surface charge distributions based on the von Mises-Fisher distribution ...
Download APBS for free. APBS is a software package for the numerical solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, a popular continuum model for describing electrostatic interactions between molecular solutes over a wide range of length scales. |http://www.poissonboltzmann.org/|.
Download APBS for free. APBS is a software package for the numerical solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, a popular continuum model for describing electrostatic interactions between molecular solutes over a wide range of length scales. |http://www.poissonboltzmann.org/|.
Im sorry, but why did you need to consider A and B rather than A and C? I figured Id have to find the electric field due to A at a distance of 2r+dr, due to C at a distance of r-dr and sum them? Also why were you able to drop the subsequent [itex]dr^{2}[/itex] terms? i figured that despite differential notation being used, nowhere in the problem statement did they actually say the displacement was infinitesimal so I wasnt confident discarding dr terms ...
The electron transport properties of single crystalline metallic nanostructures in the Coulomb blockade regime have been investigated by low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy. To this end, nanoscale flat-top Pb islands with well-defined geometries are grown on NaCl-covered Ag(111) substrate. The tunneling spectra acquired at 4.6 K on the Pb nanoislands reflect the presence of single electron tunneling processes across the double-barrier tunnel junction (DBTJ). By a controlled change of the tip-island tunnel distance, the spectra display the characteristic evolution from Coulomb blockade (CB) to Coulomb staircase (CS) regime. Simulations within the semi-classical orthodox theory allow us to extract quantitatively the parameters characterizing the DBTJ, i. e., the resistances, capacitances, and the residual charge Q0. Manipulation of Q0 is achieved by controlled application of voltage pulses on the Pb islands. Moreover, under specific tunneling conditions, the influence of the tip-island
A shell with one or two electrons is keen to lose electrons, so they are stable - become a positive ion. - A nearly full shell keen to gain electrons to become stable - become negative ions. - Ions are very reactive, be easily attracted to passing ions with opposite charge. Ionic bonds between metals and non-metals produce giant ionic structures. - closely packed in lattice. Ions are not free to move so do not conduct electricity when solid.. - Very strong chemical bonds between all ions. e.g MgO and NaCl. - High melting points bc of strong attraction. - MgO has higher MP than NaCl because its made of Mg^2+ and O^2- ions, so double charge. ...
One must not confuse the dielectric constant of a solvent with its dipole moment. The dipole moment of a solvent, or of any covalent compound, is a microscopic property, meaning it is a property of the molecule of the compound. In contrast, the dielectric constant of a solvent is a a macroscopic property, meaning it is a property of a pure sample of the solvent. Given below is the scattergram of the dielectric constants of sixteen solvents against their dipole moments, showing that there is no clear correlation between the dielectric constant of a solvent and its dipolar moment.. ...
Ive written a couple posts demonstrating the use of Maxima to calculate finite difference expressions of various varieties (complex step derivatives, compact differences, plain old differences). The batch files associated with those arent very user friendly, if you want to calculate different expressions you have to go in and edit them in several places. So I decided to write a couple functions that would take two arguments and return the finite difference expression you asked for ...
The main current proponent of scalar wave pseudophysics is zero-point energy advocate Thomas E. Bearden, who has concocted an entire pseudoscientific scalar field theory unrelated to anything in actual physics of that name. It starts with Maxwells equations originally having been written as quaternions; Bearden holds that the (mathematical) transformation to vectors lost important information.[1] Bearden says that scalar waves differ from conventional electromagnetic transverse waves by having two oscillations anti-parallel with each other, each originating from opposite charge sources, thereby lacking any net directionality. The waves are conjugates of each other, and so, if left unperturbed, can pass through ordinary matter with relative ease. So they are not included in mainstream physics. They dont work like ordinary longitudinal waves either. (Got that?)[6] You can apparently make scalar waves with a bifilar coil (one wound with a pair of wires instead of a single wire) and pushing ...
By averaging over pairs of hyperspheres, we have obtained the dielectric function for a binary mixture containing hyperspherical inclusions up to order c2, where c is the volume fraction of inclusions. The method used is based on multipole expansions for the potential of two spheres in a uniform field and is a generalization of the method of Jeffrey to d-dimensional space. Numerical results are presented for the second-order coefficient κ in the low-c expansion of the dielectric constant for arbitrary d; these verify earlier known results, as well as showing the dependence of κ on dimensionality, which is particularly simple as d → 1 and as d → ∞. ...
Media related to Static electricity at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of static electricity at Wiktionary ( ... Static electricity is named in contrast with current electricity, where the electric charge flows through an electrical ... The spark associated with static electricity is caused by electrostatic discharge, or simply static discharge, as excess charge ... a device commonly used to demonstrate the effects of static electricity. Removing or preventing a buildup of static charge can ...
Static Electricity; Russian Kids (December 19, 1992) Blood Typing; Locks & Dams; Moles; Penguins (December 26, 1992) Diabetes; ... Electricity; Vision; Tennis Elbow Chat; Bubbles (December 1, 1984) Thermography; Voice; Yawn Chat; Pronghorn (December 8, 1984 ... Electricity; Monuments; Red Fox (December 24, 1994) Printing Money; Gravity; Nature Labs (December 31, 1994) Bridges; ...
"Static Electricity Definition , Elaectricalmag.com". May 14, 2018. "Electrical Engineering Knowledge". ElectricalMag. [1][ ... Mains electricity is responsible for powering the blower's motor. Different power ratings ensure that the required air flow is ...
doi:10.1007/978-3-662-11761-3. ISBN 978-3-662-11763-7. R., Smythe, William (1968). Static and dynamic electricity. - 3rd ed. ...
He authored a textbook on electromagnetism called Static and Dynamic Electricity, which was a widely used reference in the ... Smythe, William Ralph (1 January 1989). Static And Dynamic Electricity. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-89116-917-8. Panofsky, ...
... retention of static electricity; and the propensity to become stained and to accept dyes. Different factors may be more ...
Static Electricity, Lesson 1. The Physics Classroom. Retrieved 2012-01-01. Winn, Will Winn (2010). Introduction to ... so electroscopes are used with high voltage sources such as static electricity and electrostatic machines. An electroscope can ... Baigrie, Brian (2007). Electricity and magnetism: A historical perspective. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 33. Derry, Thomas ... 3: Electricity, Magnetism and Light. US: Author House. p. 20.4. ISBN 978-1-4520-1590-3. *[Anon.] (2001) "Electroscope", ...
Sensitive to static electricity. Known to cause circuit damage during ground testing. Lead azide: Used as a primary explosive ... and static electricity. Thermally and vacuum stable, if dextrin is not used for desensitizing. Long shelf life. ...
Static Electricity, Lesson 1. The Physics Classroom. Retrieved 2012-01-01. Kaplan MCAT Physics 2010-2011. USA: famous ... to static electric charges (see cat, above), as well as static cling in clothes. In nonconductors, the electrons are bound to ... Saslow, Wayne M. (2002). Electricity, magnetism, and light. US: Academic Press. pp. 159-161. ISBN 0-12-619455-6. Sherwood, ... Fleming, John Ambrose (1911). "Electricity" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge ...
... retention of static electricity; and the propensity to become stained and to accept dyes. Different factors may be more ...
Lüttgens, Günter; Lüttgens, Sylvia; Schubert, Wolfgang (2017). Static Electricity: Understanding, Controlling, Applying. John ... laser Ionization of a gaseous sample for subsequent analysis in a mass spectrometer or an ion mobility spectrometer Static ...
Static electricity has several applications. Its main application is in Van de Graaff generators, used to produce high voltages ... If a cloth rubs against an object, the object will display an effect called friction electricity. The object becomes charged ... Herman, Stephen (2008). Delmar's Standard Textbook Of Electricity. Delmar Cengage Learning, United States: Delmar Learning. p. ...
James Reed (June 14, 2010). "CocoRosie electricity a bit static". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. ...
Recommended Practice on Static Electricity. National Fire Protection Association. Hedlund, FH (2018). "Carbon dioxide not ... The release of carbon dioxide may generate static electricity with enough energy to ignite the mixture, resulting in an ... Other unsafe processes that may generate static electricity include pneumatic transport of solids, a release of pressurized gas ... static electricity may cause silo explosion" (PDF). Biomass and Bioenergy. Elsevier. 108: 113-119. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe. ...
Static electricity see triboelectricity, below. Steam train In the 19th century, before the advent of electric and diesel- ... due to a charge of static electricity). Electric currents and other forms of generation were discovered later. Tube amplifier ... Triboelectricity Electricity was so named from the Greek word for amber, because of the discovery that if it was rubbed ( ... and electricity, the manually propelled lawnmower became known as the push mower. After self-propelled "riding" mowers became ...
ISBN 978-0-8493-2876-3. Smythe, William R. (1968). Static and Dynamic Electricity (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 179-223 ...
Most everyday static electricity is triboelectric. The polarity and strength of the charges produced differ according to the ... The static can be discharged with static dischargers or static wicks. NASA follows what they call the "triboelectrification ... Thus, a material can develop a positive or negative charge (see also static electricity) that dissipates after the materials ... Flying through high-level clouds can generate "P-static" (P for precipitation), which can create static around the launch ...
Static electricity = Bernie Sanders). A series of animated shorts featuring a father (voiced by Jimmy) giving advice to his ( ...
Graphite is used in some cases to coat the grains, lubricate them, and dissipate static electricity. Magnesium carbonate used ... and static electricity. Even as little as 0.1-10 millijoules spark can set off certain mixtures. Pyrotechnic compositions are ... toxic and sensitive to static electricity; emits bright white light, crystals also used as a fuel in glitter compositions and ...
It is sensitive to static electricity. Another common igniter formula is BPN, BKNO3, or boron - potassium nitrate, a mixture of ...
E-collars are sometimes referred to as delivering a "static shock"; however, static electricity is direct current and carries ... "The Shocking Truth Behind Static Electricity". LiveScience. Retrieved 26 July 2018. FDA (20 February 2020). "FDA Compliance ... Static electric shocks that are experienced in daily life are of the order of 20,000 to 25,000 volts, and yet are not painful ... It occurs upon contact of a body part with any source of electricity that causes a sufficient current through the skin, muscles ...
The dome also conducts static electricity. Whenever Skullcap scratches his head, it triggers little sparks. Appearances include ...
This is not static-electricity damage; any voltage over about 0.7V capable of delivering high current can destroy a ... but it is orders of magnitude below the levels that cause static-electricity [sic] damage.[citation needed] The tip is reported ...
Smythe, WR (1968). Static and Dynamic Electricity (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Sauer R, Szabó I (1967). Mathematische ...
Configuration and variables as in Smythe 1968 Smythe, William R. (1968). Static and Dynamic Electricity (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill ...
"Static Eliminators". EXAIR. Archived from the original on June 1, 2016. Retrieved May 2, 2016. "Static electricity, dust and ... An ionizing bar, sometimes referred to as a static bar, is a type of industrial equipment used for removing static electricity ... to help deter the buildup or discharge of static electricity. For the neutralization of static charge in a larger area, such as ... Many methods exist for neutralizing static electricity, varying in use and effectiveness depending on the application. ...
Static electricity Electrometer Brian Davies (1980). "To make a vain man humble". Physics Education. 15 (4): 248-254. Bibcode: ... to draw a clear distinction between magnetism and static electricity and is credited with establishing the term electricity. ... Electricity And Power - Page 6, Peter D. Riley, 2005 "Gilbert's Versorium". Resources for science learning. The Franklin ... "Lesson Plan : Electricity and Magnetism". Retrieved July 6, 2007. Michel Maussion. "Building a Versorium". University of Nantes ...
"Static Electricity Blamed For Fatal Rocket Mishaps". Reading Eagle. Reading, PA. 24 April 1964. p. 21. "Burns Kill Third Rocket ...
The effect is often and incorrectly believed to be an electrical phenomenon, either as a result of static electricity as in St ... "Helicopter Static-Electricity Phenomenon Explained [corona effect]". REALITYPOD. 29 March 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2020. Warren ...
Giovanni Aldini treated insanity with static electricity 1823-1824. The first recorded medical treatments with electricity in ... Early Therapeutic Use of Static Electricity. hdl:10342/3929. Steavenson, William Edward (1892). Medical electricity. ... Electrotherapy equipment has historically included: The electric bath for high-voltage static induction Oudin coil, a high- ... 3-4. Morus, Iwan Rhys (1998). Frankenstein's Children: Electricity, Exhibition, and Experiment in Early-nineteenth-century ...
A Japanese immigrant who constantly absorbs static electricity and can discharge it as electric blasts or bursts of superhuman ...
The vanes are enclosed in a static chamber with small clearances to the chamber's walls (which will also be vaned), as in an ... into electricity. In a diesel-electric, rather than being generated remotely and collected from a power source, the power ... Hydraulic retarders use the viscous drag forces between dynamic and static vanes in a fluid-filled chamber to achieve ... In contrast, eddy current retarder brakes comprise a distinct and purpose-built static armature and rotor that are explicitly ...
Hence, they are no longer static as offline, but becoming 'networked individualism'. Their engagement with the digital sphere ... electricity), a skills dimension (including education legacy regarding computer training, social capital with regard to the ...
... exploring the phenomenon of electricity in 1746 when he saw some of Archibald Spencer's lectures using static electricity for ... He proposed that "vitreous" and "resinous" electricity were not different types of "electrical fluid" (as electricity was ... Franklin published a proposal for an experiment to prove that lightning is electricity by flying a kite in a storm. On May 10, ... As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his studies of electricity, ...
Built on an old landfill, the site can generate 13 MW of electricity, enough to power 1,360 homes each year. It will reduce CO2 ... "aerated static pile technology." It captures and controls emissions from the composting process using a negative air system. It ... The 20-megawatt renewable energy project can supply enough electricity to power almost 25,000 homes in the area. In January ... The facilities will produce 24.1 megawatts of electricity, enough to power 15,665 households. The three facilities together ...
Usually a STATCOM is installed to support electricity networks that have a poor power factor and often poor voltage regulation ... A static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), originally known as a static synchronous condenser (STATCON), is a regulating ... A static var compensator (SVC) can also be used to maintain the voltage stability. STATCOM is costlier than an SVC (in part due ... The response time of a STATCOM is shorter than that of a static VAR compensator (SVC), mainly due to the fast switching times ...
It generates electricity by combustion of biogas produced from animal manure of the Lusakert Pedigree Poultry Plant. The LBP ... n.d.). Retrieved from http://hetq.am/static/content/pdf/Renewable_Energy_in_Armenia_9-17-11.pdf Lusakert biogas plant. (n.d.). ... The LBP has installed electric capacity of 0.85 MW and it is able to generate 7 GWh of electricity annually. The average ... In 2014, the plant did not generate electricity due to economic difficulties of the poultry plant which resulted in low amounts ...
... curtain-tapestry for the city of Komsomolsk Electricity in the Mountains, 1982 I am the Eye and You Are the Light, 1982 To the ... in which the author managed to put into natural connection human static figures with ornaments filling the entire surface of ...
Other concerns involve gas and material exposures, in particular nanomaterials, material handling, static electricity, moving ...
Today, it is operated by the electricity company RusHydro. Built as part of a massive postwar effort known as the Great ... In contrast to other static inverter plants, it has no harmonic filters. The new plant played a decisive role in the ... since the machine transformers of the generators serve also as the inverter transformers of the static inverter plant of HVDC ...
Benjamin, Park (1895). A History of Electricity: (The Intellectual Rise in Electricity) from Antiquity to the Days of Benjamin ... potentially dangerous voltages due to dielectric absorption or from transient voltages the capacitor may pick up from static ... Purcell, Edward (2011). Electricity and Magnetism, 2nd Ed. Cambridge University Press. pp. 110-111. ISBN 978-1-13950355-6. ... Houston, Edwin J. (1905). Electricity in Every-day Life. P. F. Collier & Son. p. 71. Retrieved 2013-03-17. ...
"S" means it disperses static electrical. "C" means it conducts electricity. This last code is found only on shoes that protect ... Footwear for use in chemical processing or semiconductor manufacturing may also be rated to dissipate static electricity. ... Any industrial environment where a static discharge can be a hazard for workers or equipment) Red rectangle with a black letter ... Static Dissipating PR - Puncture Resistant Australia: AS 2210.3:2019 Steel-toe boots have been used in assaults, such as the ...
Mooring kites to static objects occurs for various reasons. The tension in a kite line may be so strong that the kite line ... Reels themselves are sometimes involved in special applications like generating electricity. When kiting hang glider for pay- ... People are still responsible for kites that they moor to static objects under both moral responsibility and the regulations of ...
... is the tendency for light objects to stick (cling) to other objects owing to static electricity. It is common in ... In clothing, static cling occurs from static electricity. An electrostatic charge builds up on clothes due to the triboelectric ... It is especially noticeable when humidity is low, allowing static electricity to build up. Certain substances can reduce static ... Advertisers in urban areas, eager to use guerilla marketing techniques, have turned to static cling as a distribution medium. ...
Over a certain amount of time, if the cloud continues to generate and store more static electricity, the barrier that was ... During times of low humidity, static discharge is quick and easy. During times of higher humidity, fewer static discharges ... From cloud physics, usually clouds are the real generators of static charge as found in Earth's atmosphere. The ability of ...
A few seconds before the video ends the screen turns to static. The Pedro Romhanyi video appears on the DVD release of the ... Occasionally the camera switches to a close up view of the globe showing models of huge missile firing electricity pylons. As ... The video begins with a static shot of the 1994 collage The Great Pyramids of Carlingford Lough, Irelantis by Hillen, which ...
Chris could absorb ambient charges of static electricity from the atmosphere and was also able to absorb electricity from ... conduct electricity through metal objects, or short circuit electronic devices as well. When he was fully powered up, his body ... electricity-generating sources to empower himself. Typically, Chris' body harmlessly expended this energy; however, he was able ... was surrounded by a blazing aura that obscured his features, giving him the appearance of a being composed of electricity, ...
The structures of the steel sculptures are reminiscent of electricity pylons, bearers and conductors of energy that belong to ... Giuffrida used the static wooden reliefs to develop symmetrical yet mobile iron sculptures in similar dimensions, the so-called ...
Bernoulli Ball Bernoulli's principle tells us that an increase in the speed of air produces a decrease in static pressure. The ... The moving magnet creates electricity in the metal plates - the kinetic energy of the cart is converted to electrical energy, ...
Dance Static Pro Sessions vol 36 - Tension Theory Pro Sessions vol 37 - Field of Visions Pro Sessions vol 38 - Absolute World ... Skillz 2 Pay the Billz Electricity Pro Sessions vol 22 - Sound of Unseen Worlds Pro Sessions vol 23 - Beats from Beyond 1 Pro ...
It consists of a stationary magnet element affixed to the frame of the headphone, which sets up a static magnetic field. The ... His innovations were the basis of "sound-powered" telephones or phones that required no electricity, which were used during ... it creates a varying magnetic field that reacts against the static magnetic field, exerting a varying force on the coil causing ...
... elimination and prevention of static charge build-up conducting electricity to transmit information conduction of heat[citation ...
Electricity flows through an AC network according to Kirchhoff's Laws. Transmission lines are subject to thermal limits (simple ... static Var compensators, flexible AC transmission systems, etc., location and specifications for protection devices such as ... the market-based price of electricity would be based purely on the cost of producing the next megawatt of power, the so-called ...
Although Colonel Hersey's official statement said the explosion probably was caused by static electricity from the balloon's ... One non-flying prototype also delivered for static testing. 1 August Top World War I Russian ace Aleksandr Kazakov (32 kills, ...
Before its flight, it underwent four static fire tests between October and November 2020. On 9 December 2020, SN8 flew, slowly ... and a quick disconnect mount that provides the rocket with commodities and electricity. An integration tower or launch tower ... The first of such prototypes is called Starhopper, which performed several static fires and low-altitude flights. Then, seven ... Before a test flight, SpaceX loads the vehicle prototype with propellant and fires its engines briefly, conducting a static ...
... main partner from the series Static Shock. It is a semi-independent, sophisticated AI robot that acts as a scouting robot, a ... A mechanical man run by electricity in Luis Senarens' Frank Reade and his Electric Man (1885) Hadaly, a mechanical woman run by ... electricity, in Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam's The Future Eve (1886) - the novel credited with popularizing the word " ...
... who discovered that a shock of static electricity applied to an exposed nerve of a dead frog could cause its leg to contract. ...
Print exists by virtue of the static separation of functions and fosters a mentality that gradually resists any but a ... the printing and the electricity revolutionizes afterwards culture and society. Given the clue of "hand-writing" that ...
Humidity can reduce static electricity. Water conducts electricity, so humidity in the air allows static electricity to leave ... However, in humid air, static electricity has a natural means of release. Because water conducts electricity, the moisture in ... Static electricity occurs when objects have imbalances of negative and positive charges. When either positive or negative ... The resulting "shock" that people often feel from static electricity is these charges being released and restoring the balance ...
Static Electricity… in Space. Artists concept of possible exploration programs. Image credit: NASA Click to enlarge. Have you ... Thats static discharge-lightning writ small.. Static discharge is merely annoying to anyone on Earth living where winters have ... Here on Earth, its simple: we minimize static discharge by grounding electrical systems. Grounding them means literally ... But to astronauts on the Moon or on Mars, static discharge could be real trouble. ...
फुग्यामध्ये व स्वेटर मध्ये स्थिरविद्युत कशी निर्माण होते ? हे जाणुन घेउया.
I was wondering if anyone can tell the forum what the difference is between common static electricity like the zap you get when ... Suggested for: Common static vs common electricity? What materials produce higher levels of static electricity? ... Static in the main is a product of nature.. Household Electricity is a product of man.. Does static discharge create or have ... The big diffence between Static electric and house hold currents is the the supply. An object under Static electricity has ...
BNB has become the most valuable native token in the world today. This coin has become the investors favorite based on the fact that it is the utilit ...
Do any of you guys have a problem with shocking your macbook pro? Ive shocked mine quite a few times now... hopefully its not hurting anything. The...
Static electricity is one of the most common, yet poorly understand, forms of power generation. ... Static electricity could charge our electronics. January 25, 2019. BUFFALO, N.Y. -- Unhappy with the life of your smartphone ... Help could be on the way from one of the most common, yet poorly understand, forms of power generation: static electricity.. " ... which are capable of controlling and harvesting static electricity.. "The friction between your fingers and your smartphone ...
Instructions Step 1: Wear cotton Wear clothes made from cotton and other natural fibers, which are low-static materials. Step 2 ... How to Avoid Static Electricity. Reduce your chances of getting a nasty shock thats not just annoying, but potentially ... Synthetic-fiber, rugs and rubber shoe soles can react to create static electricity. ... Static charge build-up is enhanced when the air is dry.. *Step 5: Use dryer sheets Rub your car seats or upholstered furniture ...
Does anyone know if there is an ANSYS program that would be good for simulating an Ionizing bar neutralizing static electricity ... Does anyone know if there is an ANSYS program that would be good for simulating an Ionizing bar neutralizing static electricity ...
... Articles associated with this tag:. How a Static Electricity Fire Can Start - ...
In this instructable, Ill be making a circuit that can detect static electricity. One of its creators has claimed that he ... Simple Yet Powerful Static Electricity Detector Which Can Also Detect Ghosts: Hello, this is my first instructable so please ... Simple Yet Powerful Static Electricity Detector Which Can Also Detect Ghosts. By Binnovate in CircuitsSensors ... In this instructable, Ill be making a circuit that can detect static electricity. One of its creators has claimed that he ...
Learn more about improving production by eliminating static electricity ...
This week, our apprentice scientists learned about static electricity. Static electricity is produced when one object gives its ... Surprisingly, static electricity along with another rather weak force, gravity, played important roles in the formation of the ... The participants demonstrated the power of static electricity in several ways. First, they rubbed a balloon with a bit of wool ... If electricity interests you, come to Polaris and read books like these. ...
2-16-2017 If you can generate static electricity it will flow wherever it has to, which may or may not be your finger. There ...
NFPA 77: Recommended Practice on Static Electricity (2007). *Cenelec CLC/TR: 50404: Code of practice for the avoidance of ... hazards due to static electricity (2003). *API RP 2003: Protection against Ignitions Arising out of Static, Lightning and Stray ... Because static ignition hazards occur at the "nuclear level," it is naturally difficult to visualize how and why static ... Eliminating the accumulation of static charges eliminates the static hazard.. Grounding and Bonding. The earth has an infinite ...
Fun autumn themed static electricity experiment, rub a balloon on your hair and see if you can use it to make tissue paper ...
Megaliths and New Knowledge about Static Electricity - by Miroslav Provod During an empirical research I acknowledged that all ... Megaliths and New Knowledge about Static Electricity - by Miroslav Provod. August 15, 2011. ... the energy of past civilizations can be put into context with previously unknown properties of static electricity, which are ...
ESD-IOT6202 intelligent ion air blower For electronics factory to Eliminate static electricity ... ESD-IOT6202 intelligent ion air blower For electronics factory to Eliminate static electricity. ... ESD-IOT6202 intelligent ion air blower For electronics factory to Eliminate static electricity. ...
Dust Cloud Ignition caused by Static Electricity. This case study investigates the factors behind the ignition of a combustible ... what proactive measures can be taken to minimize the risk of a fire or explosion caused by discharges of static electricity. ... This is a common feature of process operations that have suffered from the consequences of a fire or explosion caused by static ... It was postulated that the accumulation of electrostatic charge on the chime resulted in a static spark discharge from the ...
Imagine if you could harness the same static cling to handle a material as fragile as an egg, as flimsy as soft fabric - or to ... Demonstrating static electricity by using a charged balloon to levitate your hair is a classic science experiment. But, imagine ... Hatched in the heart of Silicon Valley, in Sunnyvale, California, robotics start-up Grabit is harnessing static electricity, ... Instead, the start-up harnesses static electricity - referred to as electroroadhesion - to handle materials in a way no robot ...
The AGZIII Ionizing Blow-Off Gun is a compact and lightweight Ionizing air-gun that eliminates static electricity and cleans ... Static Clean International (SCI) is a leading supplier and manufacturer of Static and Contamination Control Products in North ... Particle Trap ® is a registered trademark of Static Clean International. Copyright © 2022 Static Clean International , ... The AGZIII has excellent Ion Balance and fast Static Decay Rates that make it the ideal choice for most applications that ...
Demonstrating static electricity by using a charged balloon to levitate your hair is a classic science experiment. But, imagine ... Hatched in the heart of Silicon Valley, in Sunnyvale, California, robotics start-up Grabit is harnessing static electricity, ... Instead, the start-up harnesses static electricity - referred to as electroroadhesion - to handle materials in a way no robot ... if you could harness the same static cling to handle a material as fragile as an egg, as flimsy as soft fabric - or to assemble ...
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... Chapter X. Static Electricity.. *(1) Electrification and Electrical Charges. *(2) Electric Fields and ... Review Outline: Magnetism and Static Electricity. Comparison between Magnetism and Static Electricity.. Substances are:. ... Static Electric Machines.?Many machines have been invented to produce larger quantities of static electricity than we have used ... a?electricity can be conducted, magnetism cannot. b?electricity in all substances, magnetism in few. c?magnetism with the ...
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"Static Electricity" by people in this website by year, and whether "Static Electricity" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Static Electricity" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Static Electricity" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Static Electricity". ...
What about static electricity?. Its true, shocks from static electricity are worse in the wintertime because of lower relative ... Static electricity is a buildup of ions in a body, and the lack of moisture in the air allows them to stay put until you touch ... The solution to particle adhesion is to eliminate the static electricity from the objects surface and from the air up to a few ... I guessed the answer had something to do with static electricity. Apparently, the "mechanism of particle adhesion" works ...
  • How a Static Electricity Fire Can Start - January 2021 Sun, Jan 10, 2021 A sunny day with low humidity, warm and not too windy - that seems like a perfect day to install a roof. (floridaroof.com)
  • August 28, 2020 In our very first installment of LSOP Live, Brian, Brenna, and Maude experiment with electricity. (colostate.edu)
  • In addition, humidity can create thin layers of moisture on object surfaces, which helps reduce static buildup. (reference.com)
  • Touch nonconductive material Touch nonconductive material to reduce static buildup, including wood or concrete. (howcast.com)
  • When you are losing time and working hours due to static buildup like the company above, the Gen4 Static Eliminators can resolve it quickly and easily. (exair.com)
  • Wearing shoes that have static dissipative properties and avoiding synthetic clothes can help. (emptechgroup.com)
  • Dave discusses the difference between the static-dissipative and charge-generation properties of regular rubber flooring and conductive rubber flooring and demonstrates the different test results these materials will yield. (staticworx.com)
  • And what I've decided to talk about today is the difference between the static-dissipative and charged-generation properties of regular rubber flooring andconductive rubber flooring. (staticworx.com)
  • 2 -16-2017 If you can generate static electricity it will flow wherever it has to, which may or may not be your finger. (answerbag.com)
  • So the only thing I've shown you so far is that this floor won't generate static electricity. (staticworx.com)
  • Does not generate static electricity. (fabuloustextile.com)
  • In this case, simply expanding CO2 over a nonconductive hybrid material, will generate a static charge. (infinitysupercritical.com)
  • Our design generates both positive and negative ions to remove any type of static charge up to 20 feet (6m) away. (exair.com)
  • The polyester in blended sheets sticks together and generates static electricity. (mystateline.com)
  • Also known as Olefin, this fiber resists fading, generates low levels of static electricity, is favorably priced, and can be engineered in outdoor applications. (bennettscarpets.com)
  • Generates low levels of static electricity. (bennettscarpets.com)
  • Quartz generates electromagnetism and dispels static electricity. (burzan.me)
  • If you must, discharge static again before touching the pump. (howcast.com)
  • For people who are responsible for the safety of employees, colleagues, and plant equipment and property, one of the most potentially confusing aspects of providing a safe operating environment is determining if the manufacturing or handling processes have the potential to discharge static sparks into flammable or combustible atmospheres. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • A Sparks representative can help you determine the best conveyor belt to reduce static electricity in your application. (sparksbelting.com)
  • Static electricity is just a built up charge on the surface of an insulated object from the accumulation of electrons. (physicsforums.com)
  • The solution to particle adhesion is to eliminate the static electricity from the object's surface and from the air up to a few millimeters from the object's surface. (hypoair.com)
  • When slitting conveyor belting that passes over a flat surface and through pinch rollers, a static electric charge can be generated, especially when humidity is low, causing the hair on the operator's arm(s) to rise or cause the operator to feel a "zap" or jolt of electrical current. (sparksbelting.com)
  • On belt conveyors, the belt surface is continually leaving the pulley surface, generating static electricity. (sparksbelting.com)
  • Specific to the conveyor belt and in order to be sufficiently static conductive , the surface resistivity must be 300 meg-ohms or less . (sparksbelting.com)
  • Static is generated from rubbing, hitting, and peeling which can cause electrons to be stripped from a surface. (exair.com)
  • Removes static electricity from the surface to be painted. (stdskustom.fr)
  • Here on Earth, it's simple: we minimize static discharge by grounding electrical systems. (universetoday.com)
  • To further maximize its quality and longevity, the brand recommends washing to minimize static electricity. (goodhousekeeping.com)
  • While not dangerous, the potential for static shocks can be the most annoying thing about static issues. (emptechgroup.com)
  • That my friend, is a result of static electricity and although the resulting shocks aren't necessarily dangerous, they can be quite startling. (lonlockwoodelectric.com)
  • While we may not be able to help with the static electricity in your home, we can certainly help with shocks coming from electrical fixtures our outlets. (lonlockwoodelectric.com)
  • This is easy to do using a static eliminator, which charges the air with ions. (hypoair.com)
  • The house hold electricity does exactly the same but the difference in charge will be repleshed by the electricity power plant so that there is no even out at the current continuous to flow. (physicsforums.com)
  • Static charge build-up is enhanced when the air is dry. (howcast.com)
  • It was postulated that the accumulation of electrostatic charge on the chime resulted in a static spark discharge from the chime as it came into close proximity with the vessel when the drum was removed. (newson-gale.com)
  • A body like hard rubber or amber which will attract light objects when rubbed is said to be electrified , or to have been given a charge of electricity. (cours-et-exercices.com)
  • According to Keyence.com , producer of static eliminators and ionizers, "When dust is carried on air currents generated by air conditioning and similar devices, the dust takes on a positive or negative static electric charge due to contact with various objects. (hypoair.com)
  • This removes the static charge from the particles and prevents them from reattaching. (hypoair.com)
  • Static electricity is defined as electrical charge at rest. (sparksbelting.com)
  • When two surfaces in close proximity are moved relative to one another, a static charge is generated (the triboelectric effect). (sparksbelting.com)
  • As the conveyor continues to operate, the static charge will continue to accumulate and increase unless it is bled off (or discharged) in some manner. (sparksbelting.com)
  • One of the best ways to "ground" a conveyor system is to literally discharge the static charge through the framework of the conveyor… through the floor… into the ground/earth. (sparksbelting.com)
  • If a conveyor system is not sufficiently grounded, a static conductive belt will not, alone, control the electrical charge. (sparksbelting.com)
  • The higher the static charge, the stronger the force. (exair.com)
  • Static electricity is a charge or current that runs through your body that you pick up from free electrons in certain places of your home. (lonlockwoodelectric.com)
  • If you then touch any type of conductor, like that metal doorknob for example, a charge neutralization will take place which causes a static shock. (lonlockwoodelectric.com)
  • I suppose many would get absorbed, giving the aluminum negative static-electricity charge, while some simply bounce off. (physicsforums.com)
  • If the needle's in the center, that means there's no static charge. (staticworx.com)
  • Emily Turrettini (Textually) always puts out great mobile stories, one of the better ones that caught my eye over the past days has been the research about using the friction of static electricity to power mobiles. (wordpress.com)
  • They contacted EXAIR to ask about our Gen4 Static Eliminators . (exair.com)
  • We have a large product line of different types of Static Eliminators. (exair.com)
  • The Gen4 Static Eliminators can remove the static and keep your process running smoothly. (exair.com)
  • However, in humid air, static electricity has a natural means of release. (reference.com)
  • Because water conducts electricity, the moisture in humid air serves as a natural conductor that allows charges to leave objects. (reference.com)
  • This is due to the high bleed-off static charges by the humid air. (sparksbelting.com)
  • The resulting "shock" that people often feel from static electricity is these charges being released and restoring the balance of positive and negative charges. (reference.com)
  • The static electricity that is generated between your horse's coat and the blanket can build up into a pretty severe shock. (equineink.com)
  • Safety shoes or boots may be required to provide special electrical conduction or insulation to prevent electric shock or static electric spark. (ohsinsider.com)
  • Higher humidity levels conduct static electricity much easier, as there are more moisture droplets in the air. (reference.com)
  • It does not conduct heat or static electricity like other fibers. (molly-pepper.com)
  • A static spark discharge can be dangerous in gaseous or dusty atmospheres as it can cause ignition, in grocery stores as customers and employees can be shocked regularly, and in electronic manufacturing settings. (sparksbelting.com)
  • Wear cotton Wear clothes made from cotton and other natural fibers, which are low-static materials. (howcast.com)
  • In a conveyor belt installation, we cannot control static by eliminating generations . (sparksbelting.com)
  • What conveyor belts can be used to reduce static electricity? (sparksbelting.com)
  • In manufacturing conveyor belting, static conductivity can be added to the textile, polymer, or both. (sparksbelting.com)
  • Shoes should be tested to guard against the accumulation of static charges. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • However, the accumulation and storage of static electricity can be controlled. (sparksbelting.com)
  • Accumulation and storage of static charges can be controlled by making the entire system sufficiently conductive and contiguously and properly grounded . (sparksbelting.com)
  • Recommendations include establishing and maintaining the highest order of housekeeping to prevent accumulation of combustible dusts, removal of dust by vacuum cleaning and continuous suction, use of dust tight electrical equipment, and proper grounding of all electrical equipment to prevent build up of static electricity. (cdc.gov)
  • The ideas gained in the study of magnetism are of assistance in the study of electricity in giving some fundamental ideas and principles that will often be referred to as a basis for comparing the actions of magnetized and electrified bodies. (cours-et-exercices.com)
  • Static Electricity" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
  • One of its creator had claimed that he had detected "Ghosts" using this circuit as this circuit can detect static electricity which is EVERYWHERE. (instructables.com)
  • Static electricity occurs when objects have imbalances of negative and positive charges. (reference.com)
  • Check out these awesome experiments involving static electricity, electric charges, and electric currents. (colostate.edu)
  • So what we're going to do for an experiment is we're going to take this static meter, which measures the static field on other materials, and I'll explain it real quickly. (staticworx.com)
  • The big diffence between Static electric and house hold currents is the the supply. (physicsforums.com)
  • Because static ignition hazards occur at the "nuclear level," it is naturally difficult to visualize how and why static electricity is a hazard in industries where flammable and combustible products are regularly processed. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • An object under Static electricity has accumulated a lot of electrical load, either too much or too few electrons actually. (physicsforums.com)
  • If the potential difference between you and the cloud is enough to overcome the electrical resistance of the air, the static electricity becomes flowing electricity. (physicsforums.com)
  • Given that the minimum ignition energy of the powder dispersed in air was 12 milli-joules and that the circumstances of the process proved there would have been significant electrostatic charging of the equipment, and other sources of ignition being mitigated, a static spark caused the ignition of the dust cloud that formed around the grounded process vessel. (newson-gale.com)
  • Static Clean International (SCI) is a leading supplier and manufacturer of Static and Contamination Control Products in North America and around the globe. (staticclean.com)
  • model 7960 which can power up to two Static Eliminator products and model 7961, which can power up to four Static Eliminator products. (exair.com)
  • Surprisingly, static electricity along with another rather weak force, gravity, played important roles in the formation of the planets in our solar system. (mcl-bjm.ca)
  • In this lesson, learners will first use computers to research and learn how solar panels convert sunlight into electricity. (nasa.gov)
  • Aside from carpeted floors, dry air is also a major insulator which is why people tend to notice static electricity more often during the cold winter months. (lonlockwoodelectric.com)
  • Help could be on the way from one of the most common, yet poorly understand, forms of power generation: static electricity. (brightsurf.com)
  • The participants demonstrated the power of static electricity in several ways. (mcl-bjm.ca)
  • Synthetic-fiber, rugs and rubber shoe soles can react to create static electricity. (howcast.com)
  • If you're looking to prevent static in any of the applications where it's mandatory to control, like a 9-1-1 call center, server room, flight tower, you can't use regular rubber flooring. (staticworx.com)
  • So, this floor, just like copper, has the ability to not only prevent static electricity but to also dissipate it when static is generated, and it comes in contact with the floor. (staticworx.com)
  • Demonstrating static electricity by using a charged balloon to levitate your hair is a classic science experiment. (roboticstomorrow.com)
  • They soften water, make clean laundry fragrant and remove static electricity. (thesewingstuffs.com)
  • Hatched in the heart of Silicon Valley, in Sunnyvale, California, robotics start-up Grabit is harnessing static electricity, machine learning and automation from Shibaura Machine partner, TM Robotics, to do just that. (roboticstomorrow.com)
  • Instead, the start-up harnesses static electricity - referred to as electroroadhesion - to handle materials in a way no robot has before. (roboticstomorrow.com)
  • What materials produce higher levels of static electricity? (physicsforums.com)
  • Clever technology can even monitor liquid levels and even static electricity. (intercleanshow.com)
  • While wearing or removing clothes hair static and flit does not occur in cotton fabrics) It holds good dye. (fabuloustextile.com)
  • Electrosurgery is a term used to describe multiple modalities that use electricity to cause thermal destruction of tissue through dehydration, coagulation, or vaporization. (medscape.com)
  • The cyclone resulted in destruction of infrastructure including telecommunication and electricity network, roads and bridges blocking access to health facilities for at least 6 communities. (who.int)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Static Electricity" by people in this website by year, and whether "Static Electricity" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (rush.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Static Electricity" by people in Profiles. (rush.edu)