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Transcription FactorsTranscription, GeneticSTAT3 Transcription FactorSTAT1 Transcription FactorDNA-Binding ProteinsSTAT5 Transcription FactorPromoter Regions, GeneticSp1 Transcription FactorGene Expression RegulationTrans-ActivatorsMolecular Sequence DataBase SequenceTranscriptional ActivationBinding SitesSignal TransductionRNA, MessengerProtein BindingBasic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription FactorsSTAT6 Transcription FactorNuclear ProteinsCell LineTranscription Factor AP-1Repressor ProteinsForkhead Transcription FactorsHomeodomain ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalAmino Acid SequenceDNAMutationCell NucleusBasic-Leucine Zipper Transcription FactorsTransfectionCell DifferentiationTranscription Factor AP-2Chromatin ImmunoprecipitationCells, CulturedSTAT2 Transcription FactorKruppel-Like Transcription FactorsTranscription Factors, TFIISTAT4 Transcription FactorHeLa CellsGenes, ReporterSTAT Transcription FactorsYY1 Transcription FactorGATA4 Transcription FactorPhosphorylationTranscription Factor TFIIDReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionNF-kappa BElectrophoretic Mobility Shift AssayNFATC Transcription FactorsActivating Transcription Factor 3Sp3 Transcription FactorTranscription Initiation SiteZinc FingersPaired Box Transcription FactorsActivating Transcription Factor 2Gene Expression ProfilingRecombinant Fusion ProteinsTranscription Factor TFIIBRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidEnhancer Elements, GeneticCell Line, TumorRNA Polymerase IIE2F1 Transcription FactorCloning, MolecularGene ExpressionGATA3 Transcription FactorPlasmidsBasic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription FactorsMEF2 Transcription FactorsLuciferasesGATA1 Transcription FactorProtein Structure, TertiaryGATA2 Transcription FactorMice, KnockoutGene Expression Regulation, FungalMicrophthalmia-Associated Transcription FactorTCF Transcription FactorsGATA Transcription FactorsProto-Oncogene ProteinsActivating Transcription FactorsBlotting, WesternTranscription Factor RelAOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisModels, BiologicalChromatinE2F Transcription FactorsDown-RegulationTumor Cells, CulturedHelix-Loop-Helix MotifsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMice, Inbred C57BLSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsSequence Homology, Amino AcidGene Expression Regulation, PlantUp-RegulationMice, TransgenicMilk ProteinsActivating Transcription Factor 4Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding ProteinGATA6 Transcription FactorTranscription Factor 7-Like 1 ProteinActivating Transcription Factor 1Transcription Factor TFIIIATATA BoxDrosophila ProteinsModels, GeneticNFI Transcription FactorsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-junProto-Oncogene Proteins c-etsSequence AlignmentPhenotypeCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding ProteinsConsensus SequenceGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticRecombinant ProteinsSOX9 Transcription FactorTranscription Factor TFIIHCell ProliferationHistonesTranscription Factor TFIIADNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesT-Box Domain ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialConserved SequenceIn Situ HybridizationRNA, Small InterferingDNA, ComplementaryApoptosisTranscription Factor DP1Gene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicDNA FootprintingArabidopsis ProteinsFungal ProteinsRNA InterferenceRegulatory Elements, TranscriptionalOctamer Transcription Factor-1Active Transport, Cell NucleusLeucine ZippersArabidopsisTwo-Hybrid System TechniquesDrosophilaGene DeletionCell LineageTATA-Box Binding ProteinSequence DeletionErythroid-Specific DNA-Binding FactorsBlotting, NorthernTranscription Factors, TFIIIGA-Binding Protein Transcription FactorGene Regulatory NetworksEarly Growth Response Protein 1Sequence Homology, Nucleic AcidCOS CellsCarrier ProteinsHigh Mobility Group ProteinsMutagenesis, Site-DirectedBacterial ProteinsProto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1RNADeoxyribonuclease ITranscription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein3T3 CellsSequence Analysis, DNAOligodeoxyribonucleotidesTwist Transcription FactorReverse TranscriptionPolymerase Chain ReactionPlant ProteinsResponse ElementsChloramphenicol O-AcetyltransferaseEscherichia coliCell CycleProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosGene Expression Regulation, ViralAcetylationNF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 SubunitNerve Tissue ProteinsTime FactorsGene SilencingTranscription Factor TFIIIBActivating Transcription Factor 6Restriction MappingTranscription Factor Brn-3ImmunohistochemistrySOXB1 Transcription FactorsJanus Kinase 2Drosophila melanogasterMultigene FamilyNF-E2 Transcription FactorEmbryo, MammalianCell Cycle ProteinsGenes, RegulatorDNA PrimersCell DivisionCCAAT-Binding FactorJanus KinasesUpstream Stimulatory FactorsSOXE Transcription FactorsFibroblasts
Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Transcription, Genetic: The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.STAT3 Transcription Factor: A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-6 family members. STAT3 is constitutively activated in a variety of TUMORS and is a major downstream transducer for the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130.STAT1 Transcription Factor: A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERFERONS. Stat1 interacts with P53 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN and regulates expression of GENES involved in growth control and APOPTOSIS.DNA-Binding Proteins: Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.STAT5 Transcription Factor: A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to a variety of CYTOKINES. Stat5 activation is associated with transcription of CELL CYCLE regulators such as CYCLIN KINASE INHIBITOR P21 and anti-apoptotic genes such as BCL-2 GENES. Stat5 is constitutively activated in many patients with acute MYELOID LEUKEMIA.Promoter Regions, Genetic: DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.Sp1 Transcription Factor: Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstream promoter elements, in mammalian cells. The binding of Sp1 is necessary for the initiation of transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral GENES.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Trans-Activators: Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Transcriptional Activation: Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors: A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF.STAT6 Transcription Factor: A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-4. Stat6 has been shown to partner with NF-KAPPA B and CCAAT-ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEINS to regulate GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of interleukin-4 responsive GENES.Nuclear Proteins: Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Transcription Factor AP-1: A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerize in order to bind to the AP-1 recognition site, also known as the TPA-responsive element (TRE). AP-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes.Repressor Proteins: Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.Forkhead Transcription Factors: A subclass of winged helix DNA-binding proteins that share homology with their founding member fork head protein, Drosophila.Homeodomain Proteins: Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.DNA: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Cell Nucleus: Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors: A large superfamily of transcription factors that contain a region rich in BASIC AMINO ACID residues followed by a LEUCINE ZIPPER domain.Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.Transcription Factor AP-2: A family of DNA binding proteins that regulate expression of a variety of GENES during CELL DIFFERENTIATION and APOPTOSIS. Family members contain a highly conserved carboxy-terminal basic HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF involved in dimerization and sequence-specific DNA binding.Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.STAT2 Transcription Factor: A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to TYPE I INTERFERONS. Stat2 protein is associated constitutively with INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-9. After PHOSPHORYLATION Stat2 forms the IFN-STIMULATED GENE FACTOR 3 COMPLEX to regulate expression of target GENES.Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors: A family of zinc finger transcription factors that share homology with Kruppel protein, Drosophila. They contain a highly conserved seven amino acid spacer sequence in between their ZINC FINGER MOTIFS.Transcription Factors, TFII: The so-called general transcription factors that bind to RNA POLYMERASE II and that are required to initiate transcription. They include TFIIA; TFIIB; TFIID; TFIIE; TFIIF; TFIIH; TFII-I; and TFIIJ. In vivo they apparently bind in an ordered multi-step process and/or may form a large preinitiation complex called RNA polymerase II holoenzyme.STAT4 Transcription Factor: A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-12 in T-LYMPHOCYTES. Stat4 is an important signaling molecule for differentiation in TH1 CELLS.HeLa Cells: The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.Genes, Reporter: Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.STAT Transcription Factors: A family of transcription factors containing SH2 DOMAINS that are involved in CYTOKINE-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. STAT transcription factors are recruited to the cytoplasmic region of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and are activated via PHOSPHORYLATION. Once activated they dimerize and translocate into the CELL NUCLEUS where they influence GENE expression. They play a role in regulating CELL GROWTH PROCESSES and CELL DIFFERENTIATION. STAT transcription factors are inhibited by SUPPRESSOR OF CYTOKINE SIGNALING PROTEINS and PROTEIN INHIBITORS OF ACTIVATED STAT.YY1 Transcription Factor: A ubiquitously expressed zinc finger-containing protein that acts both as a repressor and activator of transcription. It interacts with key regulatory proteins such as TATA-BINDING PROTEIN; TFIIB; and ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS.GATA4 Transcription Factor: A GATA transcription factor that is expressed in the MYOCARDIUM of developing heart and has been implicated in the differentiation of CARDIAC MYOCYTES. GATA4 is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION and regulates transcription of cardiac-specific genes.Phosphorylation: The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.Transcription Factor TFIID: The major sequence-specific DNA-binding component involved in the activation of transcription of RNA POLYMERASE II. It was originally described as a complex of TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN and TATA-BINDING PROTEIN ASSOCIATED FACTORS. It is now know that TATA BOX BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE PROTEINS may take the place of TATA-box binding protein in the complex.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.NF-kappa B: Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay: An electrophoretic technique for assaying the binding of one compound to another. Typically one compound is labeled to follow its mobility during electrophoresis. If the labeled compound is bound by the other compound, then the mobility of the labeled compound through the electrophoretic medium will be retarded.NFATC Transcription Factors: A family of transcription factors characterized by the presence of highly conserved calcineurin- and DNA-binding domains. NFAT proteins are activated in the CYTOPLASM by the calcium-dependent phosphatase CALCINEURIN. They transduce calcium signals to the nucleus where they can interact with TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 or NF-KAPPA B and initiate GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of GENES involved in CELL DIFFERENTIATION and development. NFAT proteins stimulate T-CELL activation through the induction of IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENES such as INTERLEUKIN-2.Activating Transcription Factor 3: An activating transcription factor that plays a key role in cellular responses to GENOTOXIC STRESS and OXIDATIVE STRESS.Sp3 Transcription Factor: A specificity protein transcription factor that regulates expression of a variety of genes including VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P27.Transcription Initiation Site: The first nucleotide of a transcribed DNA sequence where RNA polymerase (DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE) begins synthesizing the RNA transcript.Zinc Fingers: Motifs in DNA- and RNA-binding proteins whose amino acids are folded into a single structural unit around a zinc atom. In the classic zinc finger, one zinc atom is bound to two cysteines and two histidines. In between the cysteines and histidines are 12 residues which form a DNA binding fingertip. By variations in the composition of the sequences in the fingertip and the number and spacing of tandem repeats of the motif, zinc fingers can form a large number of different sequence specific binding sites.Paired Box Transcription Factors: A family of transcription factors that control EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT within a variety of cell lineages. They are characterized by a highly conserved paired DNA-binding domain that was first identified in DROSOPHILA segmentation genes.Activating Transcription Factor 2: An activating transcription factor that regulates expression of a variety of GENES including C-JUN GENES; CYCLIN A; CYCLIN D1; and ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3.Gene Expression Profiling: The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.Recombinant Fusion Proteins: Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.Transcription Factor TFIIB: An RNA POLYMERASE II specific transcription factor. It plays a role in assembly of the pol II transcriptional preinitiation complex and has been implicated as a target of gene-specific transcriptional activators.Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid: Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.Enhancer Elements, Genetic: Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.Cell Line, Tumor: A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.RNA Polymerase II: A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salt than RNA polymerase I and is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.E2F1 Transcription Factor: An E2F transcription factor that interacts directly with RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN and CYCLIN A and activates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION required for CELL CYCLE entry and DNA synthesis. E2F1 is involved in DNA REPAIR and APOPTOSIS.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.GATA3 Transcription Factor: A GATA transcription factor that is found predominately in LYMPHOID CELL precursors and has been implicated in the CELL DIFFERENTIATION of HELPER T-CELLS. Haploinsufficiency of GATA3 is associated with HYPOPARATHYROIDISM; SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; and renal anomalies syndrome.Plasmids: Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors: A family of transcription factors that contain regions rich in basic residues, LEUCINE ZIPPER domains, and HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIFS.MEF2 Transcription Factors: Activating transcription factors of the MADS family which bind a specific sequence element (MEF2 element) in many muscle-specific genes and are involved in skeletal and cardiac myogenesis, neuronal differentiation and survival/apoptosis.Luciferases: Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.GATA1 Transcription Factor: A GATA transcription factor that is specifically expressed in hematopoietic lineages and plays an important role in the CELL DIFFERENTIATION of ERYTHROID CELLS and MEGAKARYOCYTES.Protein Structure, Tertiary: The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.GATA2 Transcription Factor: An essential GATA transcription factor that is expressed primarily in HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor: A basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates the CELL DIFFERENTIATION and development of a variety of cell types including MELANOCYTES; OSTEOCLASTS; and RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Mutations in MITF protein have been associated with OSTEOPETROSIS and WAARDENBURG SYNDROME.TCF Transcription Factors: A family of DNA-binding proteins that are primarily expressed in T-LYMPHOCYTES. They interact with BETA CATENIN and serve as transcriptional activators and repressors in a variety of developmental processes.GATA Transcription Factors: A family of transcription factors that contain two ZINC FINGER MOTIFS and bind to the DNA sequence (A/T)GATA(A/G).Proto-Oncogene Proteins: Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.Activating Transcription Factors: Activating transcription factors were originally identified as DNA-BINDING PROTEINS that interact with early promoters from ADENOVIRUSES. They are a family of basic leucine zipper transcription factors that bind to the consensus site TGACGTCA of the cyclic AMP response element, and are closely related to CYCLIC AMP-RESPONSIVE DNA-BINDING PROTEIN.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Transcription Factor RelA: A subunit of NF-kappa B that is primarily responsible for its transactivation function. It contains a C-terminal transactivation domain and an N-terminal domain with homology to PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-REL.Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis: Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Chromatin: The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.E2F Transcription Factors: A family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that control expression of a variety of GENES involved in CELL CYCLE regulation. E2F transcription factors typically form heterodimeric complexes with TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DP1 or transcription factor DP2, and they have N-terminal DNA binding and dimerization domains. E2F transcription factors can act as mediators of transcriptional repression or transcriptional activation.Down-Regulation: A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Tumor Cells, Cultured: Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs: Recurring supersecondary structures characterized by 20 amino acids folding into two alpha helices connected by a non-helical "loop" segment. They are found in many sequence-specific DNA-BINDING PROTEINS and in CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS.Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.Mice, Inbred C57BLSaccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins: Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.Gene Expression Regulation, Plant: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.Up-Regulation: A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Mice, Transgenic: Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Milk Proteins: The major protein constituents of milk are CASEINS and whey proteins such as LACTALBUMIN and LACTOGLOBULINS. IMMUNOGLOBULINS occur in high concentrations in COLOSTRUM and in relatively lower concentrations in milk. (Singleton and Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed, p554)Activating Transcription Factor 4: An activating transcription factor that regulates the expression of a variety of GENES involved in amino acid metabolism and transport. It also interacts with HTLV-I transactivator protein.Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein: A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium-regulated transcription factor as well as a substrate for depolarization-activated CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. This protein functions to integrate both calcium and cAMP signals.GATA6 Transcription Factor: A GATA transcription factor that is expressed predominately in SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS and regulates vascular smooth muscle CELL DIFFERENTIATION.Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein: A transcription factor that takes part in WNT signaling pathway where it may play a role in the differentiation of KERATINOCYTES. The transcriptional activity of this protein is regulated via its interaction with BETA CATENIN.Activating Transcription Factor 1: An activating transcription factor that regulates expression of a variety of genes including C-JUN GENES and TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA2.Transcription Factor TFIIIA: One of several general transcription factors that are specific for RNA POLYMERASE III. It is a zinc finger (ZINC FINGERS) protein and is required for transcription of 5S ribosomal genes.TATA Box: A conserved A-T rich sequence which is contained in promoters for RNA polymerase II. The segment is seven base pairs long and the nucleotides most commonly found are TATAAAA.Drosophila Proteins: Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.Models, Genetic: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.NFI Transcription Factors: Transcription factors that were originally identified as site-specific DNA-binding proteins essential for DNA REPLICATION by ADENOVIRUSES. They play important roles in MAMMARY GLAND function and development.Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun: Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-jun genes (GENES, JUN). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. There appear to be three distinct functions: dimerization (with c-fos), DNA-binding, and transcriptional activation. Oncogenic transformation can take place by constitutive expression of c-jun.Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets: A family of transcription factors that share a unique DNA-binding domain. The name derives from viral oncogene-derived protein oncogene protein v-ets of the AVIAN ERYTHROBLASTOSIS VIRUS.Sequence Alignment: The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins: A class of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to bind the DNA sequence CCAAT. The typical CCAAT-enhancer binding protein forms dimers and consists of an activation domain, a DNA-binding basic region, and a leucine-rich dimerization domain (LEUCINE ZIPPERS). CCAAT-BINDING FACTOR is structurally distinct type of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein consisting of a trimer of three different subunits.Consensus Sequence: A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.SOX9 Transcription Factor: A SOXE transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating CHONDROGENESIS; OSTEOGENESIS; and male sex determination. Loss of function of the SOX9 transcription factor due to genetic mutations is a cause of CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA.Transcription Factor TFIIH: A general transcription factor that is involved in basal GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR. It consists of nine subunits including ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASES; CYCLIN H; and XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM GROUP D PROTEIN.Cell Proliferation: All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.Histones: Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.Transcription Factor TFIIA: An RNA POLYMERASE II specific transcription factor. It may play a role in transcriptional activation of gene expression by interacting with the TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN component of TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TFIID.DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases: Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).T-Box Domain Proteins: Proteins containing a region of conserved sequence, about 200 amino acids long, which encodes a particular sequence specific DNA binding domain (the T-box domain). These proteins are transcription factors that control developmental pathways. The prototype of this family is the mouse Brachyury (or T) gene product.Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.Conserved Sequence: A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.In Situ Hybridization: A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.RNA, Small Interfering: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.DNA, Complementary: Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Transcription Factor DP1: A transcription factor that possesses DNA-binding and E2F-binding domains but lacks a transcriptional activation domain. It is a binding partner for E2F TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and enhances the DNA binding and transactivation function of the DP-E2F complex.Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.DNA Footprinting: A method for determining the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins. DNA footprinting utilizes a DNA damaging agent (either a chemical reagent or a nuclease) which cleaves DNA at every base pair. DNA cleavage is inhibited where the ligand binds to DNA. (from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)Arabidopsis Proteins: Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.Fungal Proteins: Proteins found in any species of fungus.RNA Interference: A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional: Nucleotide sequences of a gene that are involved in the regulation of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION.Octamer Transcription Factor-1: A ubiquitously expressed octamer transcription factor that regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of SMALL NUCLEAR RNA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES; and HISTONE H2B genes.Active Transport, Cell Nucleus: Gated transport mechanisms by which proteins or RNA are moved across the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE.Leucine Zippers: DNA-binding motifs formed from two alpha-helixes which intertwine for about eight turns into a coiled coil and then bifurcate to form Y shaped structures. Leucines occurring in heptad repeats end up on the same sides of the helixes and are adjacent to each other in the stem of the Y (the "zipper" region). The DNA-binding residues are located in the bifurcated region of the Y.Arabidopsis: A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.Two-Hybrid System Techniques: Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.Drosophila: A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.Gene Deletion: A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.Cell Lineage: The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.TATA-Box Binding Protein: A general transcription factor that plays a major role in the activation of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA POLYMERASES. It binds specifically to the TATA BOX promoter element, which lies close to the position of transcription initiation in RNA transcribed by RNA POLYMERASE II. Although considered a principal component of TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TFIID it also takes part in general transcription factor complexes involved in RNA POLYMERASE I and RNA POLYMERASE III transcription.Sequence Deletion: Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors: A group of transcription factors that were originally described as being specific to ERYTHROID CELLS.Blotting, Northern: Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.Transcription Factors, TFIII: Factors that bind to RNA POLYMERASE III and aid in transcription. They include the assembly factors TFIIIA and TFIIIC and the initiation factor TFIIIB. All combine to form a preinitiation complex at the promotor that directs the binding of RNA POLYMERASE III.GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor: A heterotetrameric transcription factor composed of two distinct proteins. Its name refers to the fact it binds to DNA sequences rich in GUANINE and ADENINE. GA-binding protein integrates a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS and regulates expression of GENES involved in CELL CYCLE control, PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS, and cellular METABOLISM.Gene Regulatory Networks: Interacting DNA-encoded regulatory subsystems in the GENOME that coordinate input from activator and repressor TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS during development, cell differentiation, or in response to environmental cues. The networks function to ultimately specify expression of particular sets of GENES for specific conditions, times, or locations.Early Growth Response Protein 1: An early growth response transcription factor that has been implicated in regulation of CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS.Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid: The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.COS Cells: CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)Carrier Proteins: Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.High Mobility Group Proteins: A family of low-molecular weight, non-histone proteins found in chromatin.Mutagenesis, Site-Directed: Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1: An ets proto-oncogene expressed primarily in adult LYMPHOID TISSUE; BRAIN; and VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.RNA: A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)Deoxyribonuclease I: An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing highly polymerized DNA by splitting phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide. This catalyzes endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA yielding 5'-phosphodi- and oligonucleotide end-products. The enzyme has a preference for double-stranded DNA.Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein: A transcription factor that takes part in WNT signaling pathway. The activity of the protein is regulated via its interaction with BETA CATENIN. Transcription factor 7-like 2 protein plays an important role in the embryogenesis of the PANCREAS and ISLET CELLS.3T3 Cells: Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Oligodeoxyribonucleotides: A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.Twist Transcription Factor: A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that was originally identified in DROSOPHILA as essential for proper gastrulation and MESODERM formation. It plays an important role in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT and CELL DIFFERENTIATION of MUSCLE CELLS, and is found in a wide variety of organisms.Reverse Transcription: The biosynthesis of DNA carried out on a template of RNA.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Plant Proteins: Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.Response Elements: Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Cell Cycle: The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos: Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-fos genes (GENES, FOS). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. c-fos combines with c-jun (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-JUN) to form a c-fos/c-jun heterodimer (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1) that binds to the TRE (TPA-responsive element) in promoters of certain genes.Gene Expression Regulation, Viral: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.Acetylation: Formation of an acetyl derivative. (Stedman, 25th ed)NF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 Subunit: A tissue-specific subunit of NF-E2 transcription factor that interacts with small MAF PROTEINS to regulate gene expression. P45 NF-E2 protein is expressed primarily in MEGAKARYOCYTES; ERYTHROID CELLS; and MAST CELLS.Nerve Tissue ProteinsTime Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Gene Silencing: Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.Transcription Factor TFIIIB: One of several general transcription factors that are specific for RNA POLYMERASE III. TFIIIB recruits and positions pol III over the initiation site and remains stably bound to the DNA through multiple rounds of re-initiation by RNA POLYMERASE III.Activating Transcription Factor 6: One of the BASIC-LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that is synthesized as a membrane-bound protein in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. In response to endoplasmic reticulum stress it translocates to the GOLGI APPARATUS. It is activated by PROTEASES and then moves to the CELL NUCLEUS to regulate GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of GENES involved in the unfolded protein response.Restriction Mapping: Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.Transcription Factor Brn-3: A family of mammalian POU domain factors that are expressed predominately in NEURONS.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.SOXB1 Transcription Factors: A subclass of SOX transcription factors that are expressed in neuronal tissue where they may play a role in the regulation of CELL DIFFERENTIATION. Members of this subclass are generally considered to be transcriptional activators.Janus Kinase 2: A Janus kinase subtype that is involved in signaling from GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTORS; PROLACTIN RECEPTORS; and a variety of CYTOKINE RECEPTORS such as ERYTHROPOIETIN RECEPTORS and INTERLEUKIN RECEPTORS. Dysregulation of Janus kinase 2 due to GENETIC TRANSLOCATIONS have been associated with a variety of MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.Drosophila melanogaster: A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.Multigene Family: A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)NF-E2 Transcription Factor: A basic-leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates GLOBIN gene expression and is related to TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1. NF-E2 consists of a small MAF protein subunit and a tissue-restricted 45 kDa subunit.Embryo, Mammalian: The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.Cell Cycle Proteins: Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.Genes, Regulator: Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Cell Division: The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.CCAAT-Binding Factor: A heterotrimeric DNA-binding protein that binds to CCAAT motifs in the promoters of eukaryotic genes. It is composed of three subunits: A, B and C.Janus Kinases: A family of intracellular tyrosine kinases that participate in the signaling cascade of cytokines by associating with specific CYTOKINE RECEPTORS. They act upon STAT TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS in signaling pathway referred to as the JAK/STAT pathway. The name Janus kinase refers to the fact the proteins have two phosphate-transferring domains.Upstream Stimulatory Factors: Ubiquitously expressed basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF transcription factors. They bind CANNTG sequences in the promoters of a variety of GENES involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.SOXE Transcription Factors: A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. Members of this subfamily have been implicated in regulating the differentiation of OLIGODENDROCYTES during neural crest formation and in CHONDROGENESIS.Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

The significance of tetramerization in promoter recruitment by Stat5. (1/1703)

Stat5a and Stat5b are rapidly activated by a wide range of cytokines and growth factors, including interleukin-2 (IL-2). We have previously shown that these signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT proteins) are key regulatory proteins that bind to two tandem gamma interferon-activated site (GAS) motifs within an IL-2 response element (positive regulatory region III [PRRIII]) in the human IL-2Ralpha promoter. In this study, we demonstrate cooperative binding of Stat5 to PRRIII and explore the molecular basis underlying this cooperativity. We demonstrate that formation of a tetrameric Stat5 complex is essential for the IL-2-inducible activation of PRRIII. Stable tetramer formation of Stat5 is mediated through protein-protein interactions involving a tryptophan residue conserved in all STATs and a lysine residue in the Stat5 N-terminal domain (N domain). The functional importance of tetramer formation is shown by the decreased levels of transcriptional activation associated with mutations in these residues. Moreover, the requirement for STAT protein-protein interactions for gene activation from a promoter with tandemly linked GAS motifs can be relieved by strengthening the avidity of protein-DNA interactions for the individual binding sites. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that a dimeric but tetramerization-deficient Stat5 protein can activate only a subset of target sites. For functional activity on a wider range of potential recognition sites, N-domain-mediated oligomerization is essential.  (+info)

Similarities and differences in RANTES- and (AOP)-RANTES-triggered signals: implications for chemotaxis. (2/1703)

Chemokines are a family of proinflammatory cytokines that attract and activate specific types of leukocytes. Chemokines mediate their effects via interaction with seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Using CCR5-transfected HEK-293 cells, we show that both the CCR5 ligand, RANTES, as well as its derivative, aminooxypentane (AOP)- RANTES, trigger immediate responses such as Ca2+ influx, receptor dimerization, tyrosine phosphorylation, and Galphai as well as JAK/STAT association to the receptor. In contrast to RANTES, (AOP)-RANTES is unable to trigger late responses, as measured by the association of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) to the chemokine receptor complex, impaired cell polarization required for migration, or chemotaxis. The results are discussed in the context of the dissociation of the late signals, provoked by the chemokines required for cell migration, from early signals.  (+info)

Growth hormone induces insulin-like growth factor-I gene transcription by a synergistic action of STAT5 and HNF-1alpha. (3/1703)

Salmon insulin-like growth factor-I (sIGF-I) expression is, as in mammals, induced by growth hormone (GH). To elucidate the mechanism by which GH stimulates the transcription of the IGF-I gene, we transiently transfected Hep3B cells expressing the rat GH receptor with a sIGF-I promoter-luciferase reporter construct. Activation of the construct by GH added to the medium of the transfected cells was observed when two specific transcription factors, STAT5 and HNF-1alpha, were simultaneously overexpressed in these cells. This finding demonstrates for the first time a GH-dependent activation of an IGF-I promoter construct in an immortalized laboratory cell line.  (+info)

Binding of c-Rel to STAT5 target sequences in HTLV-I-transformed T cells. (4/1703)

The type I human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) induces abnormal growth and subsequent transformation of T cells, which is associated with the development of an acute T-cell malignancy termed adult T-cell leukemia. A characteristic of HTLV-I-transformed T cells is the constitutive nuclear expression of NF-kappaB/Rel family of transcription factors, which appears to be essential for the growth of these transformed cells. Although NF-kappaB/Rel factors are known to induce the expression of T-cell growth factor interleukin (IL)-2, it is unclear how they participate in the IL-2-independent growth of HTLV-I-transformed cells. In this study, we show that certain NF-kappaB/Rel members, predominantly c-Rel, interact with enhancer sequences for STAT5, a key transcription factor mediating IL-2-induced T-cell proliferation. Reporter gene assays reveal that the binding of c-Rel to the STAT5 site present in the Fc gammaR1 gene leads to potent transactivation of this enhancer. Binding of c-Rel to the Fc gammaR1 STAT site also occurs in human peripheral blood T cells immortalized with HTLV-I in vitro and is correlated with enhanced levels of proliferation of these cells. These results raise the possibility that NF-kappaB/Rel may participate in the growth control of HTLV-I-transformed T cells by regulating genes driven by both kappaB and certain STAT enhancers.  (+info)

Thrombopoietin-induced conformational change in p53 lies downstream of the p44/p42 mitogen activated protein kinase cascade in the human growth factor-dependent cell line M07e. (5/1703)

Thrombopoietin is a cytokine with potent megakaryocytopoietic and thrombopoietic activities in vivo. Wild-type p53 is a conformationally flexible, anti-oncogenic transcription factor that plays a principal role in mediating growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis in factor-dependent hematopoietic cells. We recently reported that Tpo induces a conformational change in and functional inactivation of p53, coincident with its anti-apoptotic effects, in the human factor-dependent cell line M07e. In an effort to identify potential signaling cascades through which Tpo illicits these effects on p53, we report here that treating M07e cells with MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059 dramatically suppressed Tpo-induced conformational change in p53 as well as Tpo-enhanced viability in M07e cells in a p53-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression of constitutively active Raf1 in M07e cells induced conformational change in p53 independent of Tpo stimulation. Inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway revealed that JAK/STAT signaling plays an insignificant role in conformational modulation of p53 and apoptosis suppression. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase did not have a significant effect on p53 conformation but did have a weak but significant effect on Tpo-enhanced viability. Cytokine-induced activation of the MAPK pathway and the subsequent functional neutralization of p53, may be an event by which apoptosis is commonly suppressed in hematopoiesis.  (+info)

Transcriptional regulation of the cyclin D1 promoter by STAT5: its involvement in cytokine-dependent growth of hematopoietic cells. (6/1703)

STAT5 is a member of a family of transcription factors that participate in the signal transduction pathways of many hormones and cytokines. Although STAT5 is suggested to play a crucial role in the biological effects of cytokines, its downstream target(s) associated with cell growth control is largely unknown. In a human interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent cell line F-36P-mpl, the induced expression of dominant-negative (dn)-STAT5 and of dn-ras led to inhibition of IL-3-dependent cell growth, accompanying the reduced expression of cyclin D1 mRNA. Also, both constitutively active forms of STAT5A (1*6-STAT5A) and ras (H-rasG12V) enabled F-36P-mpl cells to proliferate without added growth factors. In NIH 3T3 cells, 1*6-STAT5A and H-rasG12V individually and cooperatively transactivated the cyclin D1 promoter in luciferase assays. Both dn-STAT5 and dn-ras suppressed IL-3-induced cyclin D1 promoter activities in F-36P-mpl cells. Using a series of mutant cyclin D1 promoters, 1*6-STAT5A was found to transactivate the cyclin D1 promoter through the potential STAT-binding sequence at -481 bp. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, STAT5 bound to the element in response to IL-3. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of dn-STAT5 on IL-3-dependent growth was restored by expression of cyclin D1. Thus STAT5, in addition to ras signaling, appears to mediate transcriptional regulation of cyclin D1, thereby contributing to cytokine-dependent growth of hematopoietic cells.  (+info)

Distinctive roles of STAT5a and STAT5b in sexual dimorphism of hepatic P450 gene expression. Impact of STAT5a gene disruption. (7/1703)

Stat5b gene disruption leads to an apparent growth hormone (GH) pulse insensitivity associated with loss of male-characteristic body growth rates and male-specific liver gene expression (Udy, G. B., Towers, R. P., Snell, R. G., Wilkins, R. J., Park, S. H., Ram, P. A., Waxman, D. J., and Davey, H. W. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94, 7239-7244). In the present study, disruption of the mouse Stat5a gene, whose coding sequence is approximately 90% identical to the Stat5b gene, resulted in no loss of expression in male mice of several sex-dependent, GH-regulated liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. By contrast, the loss of STAT5b feminized the livers of males by decreasing expression of male-specific CYPs (CYP2D9 and testosterone 16alpha-hydroxylase) while increasing to female levels several female-predominant liver CYPs (CYP3A, CYP2B, and testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase). Since STAT5a is thus nonessential for these male GH responses, STAT5b homodimers, but not STAT5a-STAT5b heterodimers, probably mediate the sexually dimorphic effects of male GH pulses on liver CYP expression. In female mice, however, disruption of either Stat5a or Stat5b led to striking decreases in several liver CYP-catalyzed testosterone hydroxylase activities. Stat5a or Stat5b gene disruption also led to the loss of a female-specific, GH-regulated hepatic CYP2B enzyme. STAT5a, which is much less abundant in liver than STAT5b, and STAT5b are therefore both required for constitutive expression in female but not male mouse liver of certain GH-regulated CYP steroid hydroxylases, suggesting that STAT5 protein heterodimerization is an important determinant of the sex-dependent and gene-specific effects that GH has on the liver.  (+info)

Interferon-alpha activates multiple STAT proteins and upregulates proliferation-associated IL-2Ralpha, c-myc, and pim-1 genes in human T cells. (8/1703)

Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunoregulatory functions. There is increasing evidence that IFN-alpha has an important role in T-cell biology. We have analyzed the expression of IL-2Ralpha, c-myc, and pim-1 genes in anti-CD3-activated human T lymphocytes. The induction of these genes is associated with interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced T-cell proliferation. Treatment of T lymphocytes with IFN-alpha, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 upregulated IL-2Ralpha, c-myc, and pim-1 gene expression. IFN-alpha also sensitized T cells to IL-2-induced proliferation, further suggesting that IFN-alpha may be involved in the regulation of T-cell mitogenesis. When we analyzed the nature of STAT proteins capable of binding to IL-2Ralpha, pim-1, and IRF-1 GAS elements after cytokine stimulation, we observed IFN-alpha-induced binding of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT4, but not STAT5 to all of these elements. Yet, IFN-alpha was able to activate binding of STAT5 to the high-affinity IFP53 GAS site. IFN-alpha enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5a, and STAT5b. IL-12 induced STAT4 and IL-2 and IL-15 induced STAT5 binding to the GAS elements. Taken together, our results suggest that IFN-alpha, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 have overlapping activities on human T cells. These findings thus emphasize the importance of IFN-alpha as a T-cell regulatory cytokine.  (+info)

The transcription factors STAT5a/b negatively regulate cell proliferation through the activation of cdkn2b and cdkn1a...The transcription factors STAT5a/b negatively regulate cell proliferation through the activation of cdkn2b and cdkn1a...
Although the cytokine-inducible transcription factors STAT5a/b promote proliferation of a wide range of cell types, there are cell- and context specific cases in which loss of STAT5a/b results in enhanced cell proliferation. Here we report that loss of STAT5a/b from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) leads to enhanced proliferation, which was linked to reduced levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p15INK4B and p21CIP1. We further demonstrate that growth hormone through the transcription factor STAT5a/b enhances expression of the cdkn2B gene and that STAT5a binds to GAS sites within the promoter. We have recently demonstrated that ablation of STAT5a/b from liver results in hepatocellular carcinoma upon a CCl4 insult. We also established that in liver tissue, like in MEFs, STAT5a/b activates expression of the cdkn2B gene. Loss of STAT5a/b led to diminished p15INK4B and increased hepatocyte proliferation. This study for the first time demonstrates that cytokines through STAT5a/b can induce the expression of a
Suppression of interleukin-3-induced gene expression by a C-terminal truncated Stat5: role of Stat5 in proliferation. - PubMed...Suppression of interleukin-3-induced gene expression by a C-terminal truncated Stat5: role of Stat5 in proliferation. - PubMed...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
PAB36302-P Phospho-Stat3-Y705 pAbPAB36302-P Phospho-Stat3-Y705 pAb
Product Information： Product namePhospho-Stat3-Y705 pAbIsotypeIgGFormLyophilized or LiquidTested applicationsWB,IHC,IF,ELISASpecies reactivityHuman,Mouse,RatHost SpeciesRabbitPurityAffinity purif
View source for STAT protein - wikidocView source for STAT protein - wikidoc
SI}} {{CMG}} ==Overview== [[Image:Stat domain structure.png,thumb,350px,left,Domains and covalent modification sites of STAT proteins.]] The Signal Transducers and Activator of Transcription (STAT) proteins regulate many aspects of [[cell growth]], survival and [[differentiation]]. The [[transcription factor]]s of this family are activated by the Janus Kinase [[JAK]] and dysregulation of this pathway is frequently observed in primary tumors and leads to increased [[angiogenesis]], enhanced survival of [[tumors]] and [[immunosuppression]]. [[Knockout]] studies have provided evidence that STAT proteins are involved in the development and function of the [[immune system]] and play a role in maintaining [[immune tolerance]] and tumor surveillance. ==STAT family== The first two STAT proteins were identified in the interferon system The seven mammalian STAT family members identified are: [[STAT1]], [[STAT2]], [[STAT3]], [[STAT4]], [[STAT5]] a and b, and [[STAT6]]. STAT1 homodimers are involved ...
285986-31-4 | STAT5-IN-1 | ChemScene llc285986-31-4 | STAT5-IN-1 | ChemScene llc
Activity:. STAT5-IN-1 is a STAT5 inhibitor with an IC50 of 47 μM for STAT5β isoform. IC50 & Target: IC50: 47 μM (STAT5β)[1] In Vitro: The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is a member of the STAT family of proteins, implicated in cell growth and differentiation. STAT5-IN-1 inhibits STAT5 by binding to the SH2 domain. The functions of the SH2 domains of STAT3, STAT1, and of the tyrosine kinase Lck are inhibited to a lesser extent (IC50>500 µM). STAT5-IN-1 block STAT5/STAT5 DNA binding in K562 nuclear extracts. Substitution of the hydrogen at C6 of the chromone ring by an ethyl group does not affect activity of STAT5-IN-1 against STAT5β, but leads to complete loss of selectivity against other STAT family members[1]. Protocol:. References:. ...
Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) Stimulates Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Protein Synthesis in...Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) Stimulates Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Protein Synthesis in...
Abstract: : Purpose: STAT proteins are a family of transcription factors that mediate the action of several growth factors. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of PDGF in STAT1 and STAT3 synthesis. Methods: Primary hRPE cell cultures were established from four human eyes obtained from the Michigan Eye Bank. Cells were allowed to grow to confluence and treated with PDGF and genistein. Cell viability was determined by the trypan blue exclusion method. Cell proliferation was monitored by 3H-thymidine (3H-thy) incorporation. 14C-methionine labeled-intracellular STAT1 and STAT3 synthesis was determined by immunoprecipitation using STAT1 and STAT3 antibodies and SDS-PAGE analysis. Data were analyzed by Student t test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. P,0.05 was considered to be significantly different. Results: PDGF increased hRPE cell number and 3H-thymidine incorporation in a dose dependent manner. PDGF also increased 14C-methionine STAT 1 and STAT 3 protein synthesis in a dose ...
Recombinant Human STAT3 Protein, Myc/DDK-tagged, C13 and N15-labeled STAT3-951H - Creative BioMartRecombinant Human STAT3 Protein, Myc/DDK-tagged, C13 and N15-labeled STAT3-951H - Creative BioMart
Purified Recombinant Human STAT3 Protein, Myc/DDK-tagged, C13 and N15-labeled from Creative Biomart. Recombinant Human STAT3 Protein, Myc/DDK-tagged, C13 and N15-labeled can be used for research.
Reciprocal Signaling Roles for STAT3 and SHP2 | Science SignalingReciprocal Signaling Roles for STAT3 and SHP2 | Science Signaling
One subunit of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor, which activates Janus kinases upon ligand binding, is gp130. Tyrosine phosphorylation of gp130 recruits protein phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and signal transducer and activator 3 (STAT3). Ohtani et al. utilized knock-in technology to create mice deficient in only the gp130-mediated SHP2 pathway or the gp130-mediated STAT3 pathway to dissect the roles these two pathways play in IL-6 signaling. Eliminating the SHP2 response resulted in prolonged IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. STAT3 signaling was required for embryonic development, where as SHP2 signaling-deficient mice were viable and fertile. STAT3 signaling was required for induction of astrocytes by IL-6 cytokines. Reciprocal roles for STAT3 signaling and SHP2 signaling (STAT3 providing a positive signal and SHP2 providing a negative signal) were found for cytokine and immunoglobulin responses and lymphoid organ homeostasis. Thus, mice deficient in SHP2 signaling developed splenomegaly and ...
STAT3 activation in monocytes accelerates liver cancer progression | BMC Cancer | Full TextSTAT3 activation in monocytes accelerates liver cancer progression | BMC Cancer | Full Text
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important transcription factor ubiquitously expressed in different cell types. STAT3 plays an essential role in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Aberrantly hyper-activated STAT3 signaling in cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment has been detected in a wide variety of human cancers and is considered an important factor for cancer initiation, development, and progression. However, the role of STAT3 activation in monocytes in the development of HCC has not been well understood. Immunohistochemical analysis of phosphorylated STAT3 was performed on tissue microarray from HCC patients. Using a co-culture system in vivo, HCC cell growth was determined by the MTT assay. In vivo experiments were conducted with mice given diethylinitrosamine (DEN), which induces HCC was used to investigate the role of STAT3 expression in monocytes on tumor growth. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of cell proliferation and
STAT3 regulates Nemo-like kinase by mediating its interaction with IL-6-stimulated TGFβ-activated kinase 1 for STAT3 Ser-727...STAT3 regulates Nemo-like kinase by mediating its interaction with IL-6-stimulated TGFβ-activated kinase 1 for STAT3 Ser-727...
This study showed that gp130, a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily, efficiently activates the TAK1 through the YXXQ motif in gp130, and this kinase preferentially activates the downstream kinase NLK, which is responsible for STAT3 Ser-727 phosphorylation via the YXXQ motif-derived signal. Furthermore, this study revealed a novel role for STAT3 in IL-6-induced NLK activation but not in TGFβ-induced NLK activation. STAT3 functions as a scaffold for TAK1 and NLK specifically in IL-6 signaling by binding them at its carboxyl-terminal region. The following observations support the idea that this interaction is physiologically significant: (i) most TAK1-NLK interactions in the nuclear extracts of IL-6-stimulated HepG2 cells depended on the presence of STAT3 (Fig. 5B ); (ii) the IL-6-induced NLK activation was greatly decreased in HepG2-STAT3KD cells; (iii) STAT3 and TAK1 were independently activated by IL-6, even at low concentrations, and they then translocated into the nucleus (Figs. 4B ...
Stat841f09 - Wiki Course Notes - Stat841 Wiki Cour se Notes Stat841 From Wiki Cours e Notes Contents 1 Proposal 2 Mark your...Stat841f09 - Wiki Course Notes - Stat841 Wiki Cour se Notes Stat841 From Wiki Cours e Notes Contents 1 Proposal 2 Mark your...
View Notes - Stat841f09 - Wiki Course Notes from STAT 441/8 stat 441/8 at University of Waterloo, Waterloo. 10/09/2013 Stat841 - Wiki Cour se Notes Stat841 From Wiki Cours e Notes Contents 1
STAT3 - ВикипедияSTAT3 - Википедия
кДНК STAT3 была впервые клонирована в 1994 году под именем APRF (англ. acute-phase response factor)[2]. В 1996 году была открыта укороченная изоформа мРНК STAT3, которая образуется в результате альтернативного сплайсинга. В этой мРНК отсутствует фрагмент длиной около 50 нуклеотидов, соответствующая изоформа белка называется STAT3β и является негативным регулятором транскрипции[3].. Полноразмерный белок STAT3α состоит из 770 аминокислотных остатков и имеет молекулярную массу около 92 кДа. Изоформа STAT3β имеет молекулярную массу около 80 кДа[4].. STAT3 имеет типичную для всех STAT-белков ...
Recombinant Human STAT1 protein (ab82610) | アブカムRecombinant Human STAT1 protein (ab82610) | アブカム
Recombinant Human STAT1 protein Full length protein datasheet (ab82610). Abcam offers quality products including antibodies, assays and other reagents.
Recombinant human STAT2 protein (ab81880) ReferencesRecombinant human STAT2 protein (ab81880) References
References for Abcams Recombinant human STAT2 protein (ab81880). Please let us know if you have used this product in your publication
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Despite evidence implicating transcription factors, including STAT3, in oncogenesis, these proteins have been regarded as "undruggable." We developed a decoy targeting STAT3 and conducted a phase 0 trial. Expression levels of STAT3 target genes were decreased in head and neck cancers following injection with the STAT3 decoy compared with tumors receiving saline control. Decoys have not been amenable to systemic administration due to instability. To overcome this barrier, we linked the oligonucleotide strands using hexaethylene glycol spacers. This cyclic STAT3 decoy bound with high affinity to STAT3 protein, reduced cellular viability, and suppressed STAT3 target gene expression in cancer cells. Intravenous injection of the cyclic STAT3 decoy inhibited xenograft growth and downregulated STAT3 target genes in the tumors. These results provide the first demonstration of a successful strategy to inhibit tumor STAT3 signaling via systemic administration of a selective STAT3 inhibitor, thereby paving ...
STAT6 antibody | acris-antibodies.comSTAT6 antibody | acris-antibodies.com
STAT6 is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by…
siRNA mediated knockdown of STAT3. A. Histogram of STAT | Open-isiRNA mediated knockdown of STAT3. A. Histogram of STAT | Open-i
siRNA mediated knockdown of STAT3. A. Histogram of STAT3 levels in SW480 colon carcinoma cells treated with STAT3 and NTC (non-targeting) siRNAs. Red bars denot
16 CFR 1012 - MEETINGS POLICY-MEETINGS BETWEEN AGENCY PERSONNEL AND OUTSIDE PARTIES16 CFR 1012 - MEETINGS POLICY-MEETINGS BETWEEN AGENCY PERSONNEL AND OUTSIDE PARTIES
Pub. L. 92-573, 86 Stat. 1207 (15 U.S.C. 2051-81) as amended by Pub. L. 94-284, 90 Stat. 503, Pub. L. 95-319, 92 Stat. 386, Pub. L. 95-631, 92 Stat. 3742; Pub. L. 90-189, 81 Stat. 568 (15 U.S.C. 1191-1204); Pub. L. 86-613, 74 Stat. 372, as amended by Pub. L. 89-756, 80 Stat. 1303, and Pub. L. 91-113, 83 Stat. 187 (15 U.S.C. 1261-74); Pub. L. 91-601, 84 Stat. 1670 (15 U.S.C. 1471-76) and the Act of Aug. 7, 1956, 70 Stat. 953 (15 U.S.C. 1211-14 ...
STAT2 Gene - GeneCards | STAT2 Protein | STAT2 AntibodySTAT2 Gene - GeneCards | STAT2 Protein | STAT2 Antibody
Complete information for STAT2 gene (Protein Coding), Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 2, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
The Ac2-26-mediated STAT3 activation is JAK-dependent a | Open-iThe Ac2-26-mediated STAT3 activation is JAK-dependent a | Open-i
The Ac2-26-mediated STAT3 activation is JAK-dependent and induces nuclear translocation and DNA binding of phosphorylated STAT3 as well as increased SOCS3 expre
lecture14 - Stat 302 Introduction to Probability Jiahua Chen January-April 2011 Jiahua Chen Lecture 14 January-April 2011 1 26...lecture14 - Stat 302 Introduction to Probability Jiahua Chen January-April 2011 Jiahua Chen Lecture 14 January-April 2011 1 26...
View Notes - lecture14 from STAT 302 at UBC. Stat 302, Introduction to Probability Jiahua Chen January-April 2011 Jiahua Chen () Lecture 14 January-April 2011 1 / 26 Variance formula, again Let X and
Stat6 MGI Mouse Gene Detail - MGI:103034 - signal transducer and activator of transcription 6Stat6 MGI Mouse Gene Detail - MGI:103034 - signal transducer and activator of transcription 6
View mouse Stat6 Chr10:127642986-127660957 with: phenotypes, sequences, polymorphisms, proteins, references, function, expression
How to use p.adj in stat compare means()? - Forum - STHDAHow to use p.adj in stat compare means()? - Forum - STHDA
library(ggpubr) p ,- ggboxplot(ToothGrowth, x = supp, y = len, color = supp, palette = jco, add = jitter) p + stat_compare_means( aes(label = format.pval(..p.adj.., digits = 3)), label.x = 1.5, label.y = 40) ...
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重组STAT3抗体[E121-21]| Abcam中国重组STAT3抗体[E121-21]| Abcam中国
STAT3兔单克隆抗体[E121-21](ab32500)可与人样本反应并经WB, IP, IHC实验严格验证，被6篇文献引用并得到3个独立的用户反馈。所有产品均提供质保服务，中国75%以上现货。
Co d lat, kdy chcete z stat dlouho op len ? - iDNES.czCo d lat, kdy chcete z stat dlouho op len ? - iDNES.cz
L to pomalu kon , dovolenou m me za sebou a u n m j p ipom naj jen fotografie. Ale mo n tak sexy op len k e. Kdo z n s by necht l zastavit as a z stat t hl , odpo at a do bronzova.
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Gilead announces long-awaited price for Covid-19 drug remdesivir - STATGilead announces long-awaited price for Covid-19 drug remdesivir - STAT
Since remdesivir became the first medicine shown to have an impact on Covid-19, the big question has been what Gilead would charge for the drug.
A Novel Function of Stat1α and Stat3 Proteins in Erythropoietin-Induced Erythroid Differentiation of a Human Leukemia Cell Line...A Novel Function of Stat1α and Stat3 Proteins in Erythropoietin-Induced Erythroid Differentiation of a Human Leukemia Cell Line...
We recently determined that erythropoietin (EPO) activates 3 members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family, Stat1α, Stat3, and Stat5, in the human EPO-dependent cell lines, UT-7 and UT-7/EPO (Kirito et al, J Biol Chem 272:16507, 1997). In addition, we have shown that Stat1α, but not Stat3, is involved in EPO-induced cellular proliferation. In this study, we examined the roles of Stat1α and Stat3 in EPO-induced erythroid differentiation. UT-7/GM was used as a model system, because this cell line can differentiate into erythroid-lineage cells with EPO treatment (Komatsu et al, Blood 89:4021, 1997). We found that EPO did not activate Stat1α or Stat3 in UT-7/GM cells. Transfection experiments showed that both Stat1α and Stat3 inhibited the induction by EPO of γ-globin and erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthetase transcripts, resulting in a reduction of the percentage of hemoglobin-positive cells. Dominant negative forms of Stat1α or Stat3 promoted the ...
STAT3 - WikipediaSTAT3 - Wikipedia
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor which in humans is encoded by the STAT3 gene. It is a member of the STAT protein family. STAT3 is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT3 is phosphorylated by receptor-associated Janus kinases (JAK), form homo- or heterodimers, and translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. Specifically, STAT3 becomes activated after phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 in response to such ligands as interferons, epidermal growth factor (EGF), Interleukin (IL-)5 and IL-6. Additionally, activation of STAT3 may occur via phosphorylation of serine 727 by Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and through c-src non-receptor tyrosine kinase. STAT3 mediates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and thus plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. STAT3-deficient mouse embryos cannot develop ...
HSP90 is necessary for the ACK1-dependent phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 - COREHSP90 is necessary for the ACK1-dependent phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 - CORE
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are latent, cytoplasmic transcription factors. Janus kinases (JAKs) and activated CDC42-associated kinase-1 (ACK1/TNK2) catalyse the phosphorylation of STAT1 and the expression of its target genes. Here we demonstrate that catalytically active ACK1 promotes the phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of STAT1 in transformed kidney cells. These processes are associated with STAT1-dependent gene expression and an interaction between endogenous STAT? and ACK1. Moreover, the E3 ubiquitin ligase seven-in-absentia homolog-2 (SIAH2), which targets ACK1 through valine-909 for proteasomal degradation, attenuates the ACK1-STAT1 signalling node. We further show that ACK1 promotes the phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of STAT3 in cultured cells and that the levels of ACK1 correlate positively with the levels of tyrosine phosphorylated STAT3 in primary lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) cells. Global analysis of ACK1 interaction partners validated the ...
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Background: The transcription factor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Factor 3 (STAT3) is implicated in acquired drug resistance, metastases and immune suppression in prostate cancer and is a potential target in drug-resistant prostate cancer. Today, the treatment options for metastatic drug-resistant prostate cancer are very limited and existing immunotherapies have so far shown low efficacy. Cancer cells may avoid immune responses by expressing immunosuppressive markers or activating immunosuppressive cells. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) play a major role in the suppression of antitumor immunity and active STAT3 signaling has been shown to be involved in the immunosuppressive functions of these cells. Elevated levels of MDSC have been found in the peripheral blood and at the tumor site of prostate cancer patients and to correlate with disease progression.. Aims: In this study we aimed to investigate if human monocytes could be induced to differentiate into ...
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Serous papillary endometrial cancers (SPEC) are highly progressive with poor prognosis, and its oncogenic profile is known different from endometrioid endometrial cancers. It, however, still remains unclear that which pathway promotes tumor progression. The IFN-γ transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) has been considered as a tumor suppressor with transcription-dependent and transcription-independent mechanisms, but recent studies showed STAT1 was associated with poor prognosis in some cancers with unclear mechanisms.. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis by microarray analysis of 63 human endometrial cancers which revealed STAT1 pathway was constitutively up-regulated in SPEC, and its expression was confirmed significantly higher in SPECs tissue cancer by immunohistochemical staining (p,0.001). Immunohistochemical staining also exhibited co-localization of ICAM-1 and PD-L1 at tumor frontier with CD8-T cells (p,0.001) as well as STAT1 ...
The role of STAT5 proteins in diseases of the hematopoietic system | Kwartalnik PBKThe role of STAT5 proteins in diseases of the hematopoietic system | Kwartalnik PBK
STAT proteins ( called Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription ) are a group of proteins involved in the transmission of information from the cell surface to the nucleus and activate gene transcription . They are activated in response to a number of cytokines , growth factors and hormones. Until now identified six STAT proteins : STAT1 , 2, 3 , 4, 5a/5b , 6 So far it was found that they play an important role in many physiopathological processes , starting from the immune responses, cell cycle regulation and malignant transformation of cells. There are also reports that alterations in signaling through the JAK- STAT in some diseases of the hematopoietic system . The paper discusses the structure, functioning and methods of inactivation of STAT proteins . Moreover presents the latest information on the role of STAT5 proteins in the functioning of the hematopoietic system , immune , and his participation in the process of carcinogenesis .. ...
Colgate Virology (and Immunology) Blog: STAT3β: Not Such A DownerColgate Virology (and Immunology) Blog: STAT3β: Not Such A Downer
An article published in the October 25, 2011 edition of PNAS explored the study of Dr. Francesa Zammarchi et al on the alternative splicing that leads to two isoforms of STAT3: STAT3α and STAT3β. Exon 23, which includes the two amino acid residues necessary for activation of the STAT3 TF, can be fully or partially included in the final product. If the entire exon is included, STAT3α is formed and the protein is fully functional. If the 55 amino acids at the end of exon 23 are excluded from the final product, then STAT3β is made. The premature termination of the protein causes serine 727, a necessary residue for phosphorylation and activation of the STAT3 protein, to be truncated. This renders STAT3β able to maintain its DNA binding function, but not able to be fully active as a transcription factor ...
STAT5 phospho Y694 Antibody 200-301-A45SSTAT5 phospho Y694 Antibody 200-301-A45S
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) belongs to a family of cytoplasmic transcription factors that can be activated (phosphorylated) by a cell surface receptor. Phosphorylation at Tyr694 is obligatory for Stat5 activation. Stat5 has two isoforms, Stat5 alpha and Stat5 beta. Aberrant Stat5 activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia, prostate and breast cancer and tumor metastasis. Stat5 is localized in the cytoplasm and upon phosphorylation at Y694 is translocated to the nucleus. Ideal for Cancer, Chromatin & Nuclear Signaling and Signal Transduction research.
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of persistently activated STAT3 | Journal of Cell ScienceNucleocytoplasmic shuttling of persistently activated STAT3 | Journal of Cell Science
The transcription factor STAT3 has multiple functions in fertility, embryonal development, the acute-phase response of the liver and the regulation of immune responses (Levy and Lee, 2002). Only recently, the importance of dysregulated STAT3 activation for the progression of cancer has been fully recognized (Darnell, 2005; Yu and Jove, 2004). STAT3 not only acts cell-autonomously by stimulating cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis but also facilitates immune evasion of tumor cells (Wang et al., 2004). STAT3 promotes tumor angiogenesis through the induction of VEGF (Niu et al., 2002) and by acting downstream of the VEGF receptor (Yahata et al., 2003). Furthermore, a function of STAT3 in tumor invasion and metastasis by upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases has been established (Itoh et al., 2005). STAT3 consists of an N-terminal multimerization domain, followed by a coiled-coil domain, the DNA-binding domain, a single SH2 domain and finally the transactivation domain (TAD). The ...
The functions of signal transducers and activators of transcriptions 1 and 3 as cytokine-inducible proteinsThe functions of signal transducers and activators of transcriptions 1 and 3 as cytokine-inducible proteins
The signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 genes are specifically activated by phosphorylated STATs 1 and 3, respectively, resulting in large and prolonged increases in the levels of unphosphorylated STATs (U-STATs) in response to interferons (for STAT1) or ligands that …
STAT5-Interacting Proteins: A Synopsis of Proteins that Regulate STAT5 Activity - pdf descargarSTAT5-Interacting Proteins: A Synopsis of Proteins that Regulate STAT5 Activity - pdf descargar
STAT5-Interacting Proteins: A Synopsis of Proteins that Regulate STAT5 Activity. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
The JAK2 inhibitor AZD1480 potently blocks Stat3 signaling and oncogenesis in solid tumorsThe JAK2 inhibitor AZD1480 potently blocks Stat3 signaling and oncogenesis in solid tumors
Persistent activation of Stat3 is oncogenic and is prevalent in a wide variety of human cancers. Chronic cytokine stimulation is associated with Stat3 activation in some tumors, implicating cytokine receptor-associated Jak family kinases. Using Jak2 inhibitors, we demonstrate a central role of Jaks …
SAS/STAT Users Guide Example ProgramsSAS/STAT User's Guide Example Programs
S A S S A M P L E L I B R A R Y */ /* */ /* NAME: PHRCRSK */ /* TITLE: Regression Analysis for Competing-Risks Data */ /* PRODUCT: STAT */ /* SYSTEM: ALL */ /* KEYS: Competing Risks, Cause-Specific Hazard, Sub- */ /* distribution Hazard */ /* PROCS: PHREG */ /* DATA: Pintilie, M. (2006): Competing Risks -- A Practical */ /* Perspective */ /* SUPPORT: sasycs */ /* MISC: */ /****************************************************************/ proc format; value $ node N = 0 E= 0 Y = 1; data hypoxia; input pelvicln $ pelrec$ disrec $ tumsize hgb ifp age hp5 survtime stat dftime dfcens resp $ stnum; if pelrec=Y then cens=1; else if disrec=Y then cens=2; else cens=0; if disrec=Y then cens2=1; else if pelrec=Y then cens2=2; else cens2=0; format pelvicln $node.; datalines; N N N 7.0 119 8.0 78 32.1428571 6.152 0 6.152 0 CR 1 N N N 2.0 131 8.2 69 2.1739130 8.008 0 8.008 0 CR 2 N Y N 10.0 126 8.6 55 52.3255814 0.621 1 0.003 1 NR 3 N Y Y 8.0 141 3.3 55 3.2608696 1.120 1 1.073 1 CR 4 Y Y N 8.0 ...
Gentaur Molecular :Panomics \ STAT1 TAD in vivo Kinase Assay Kit \ LK0017Gentaur Molecular :Panomics \ STAT1 TAD in vivo Kinase Assay Kit \ LK0017
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Generalised Linear Modelling - ANUGeneralised Linear Modelling - ANU
Enrollment and Prerequisites. This is a course in applied statistics, using numerous examples, rather than a course in mathematical statistics; but it is NOT an introductory first course in either statistical modelling or basic statistics. We assume you have already completed a course such as STAT2008 Regression Modelling as an essential prerequisite AND that you have also. completed the equivalent of an introductory course in basic statistics (such as STAT1003 or STAT1008) that is an essential prerequisite to the STAT2008 course.. The course also uses the R statistical package, which applies matrix algebra to implement the linear modelling techniques. An understanding of matrix algebra (equivalent to an. introductory mathematics course such as MATH1113) would be helpful in understanding how the R routines work, but such knowledge is not a required prerequisite nor an. examinable part of this course.. Scaling. If moderation of marks is required, then marks may be scaled. Your final mark for the ...
STAT3抗体 (phospho Y705)[EP2147Y]|Abcam中国|Anti-STAT3抗体 (phospho Y705)[EP2147Y]STAT3抗体 (phospho Y705)[EP2147Y]|Abcam中国|Anti-STAT3抗体 (phospho Y705)[EP2147Y]
优异的STAT3兔单抗(ab76315)经WB, IP, IHC-P, ICC实验严格验证，可用于小鼠, 大鼠和人。被多篇文献引用并有多个独立的用户反馈。中国75%以上现货。
Is precision medicine really the best approach to improving health? - STATIs precision medicine really the best approach to improving health? - STAT
The only way to gauge its true value is with free and open exchange of ideas between those who question its value and those who believe in it.
Did I Ask For It Stat?: MedPix™Did I Ask For It Stat?: MedPix™
I spend my time studying, exercising, eating and travelling - not always in that order!! Sporadically updated (usually when Im busy procrastinating ...
Did I Ask For It Stat?: Management of AFDid I Ask For It Stat?: Management of AF
I spend my time studying, exercising, eating and travelling - not always in that order!! Sporadically updated (usually when Im busy procrastinating ...
Dekaron [Elite]Dekaron [Elite]
Dekaron StarScreem You must register and activate your account in order to view images. - Experience x32 - Cash x2 - Mob x1 - Max Level 200 - 10 Stat
STAT Transcription Factors | Colorado PROFILESSTAT Transcription Factors | Colorado PROFILES
A family of transcription factors containing SH2 DOMAINS that are involved in CYTOKINE-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. STAT transcription factors are recruited to the cytoplasmic region of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and are activated via PHOSPHORYLATION. Once activated they dimerize and translocate into the CELL NUCLEUS where they influence GENE expression. They play a role in regulating CELL GROWTH PROCESSES and CELL DIFFERENTIATION. STAT transcription factors are inhibited by SUPPRESSOR OF CYTOKINE SIGNALING PROTEINS and PROTEIN INHIBITORS OF ACTIVATED STAT ...
Low levels of Stat5a protein in breast cancer are associated with tumor progression and unfavorable clinical outcomes | Breast...Low levels of Stat5a protein in breast cancer are associated with tumor progression and unfavorable clinical outcomes | Breast...
Signal transducer and activator of transcripton-5a (Stat5a) and its close homologue, Stat5b, mediate key physiological effects of prolactin and growth hormone in mammary glands. In breast cancer, loss of nuclear localized and tyrosine phosphorylated Stat5a/b is associated with poor prognosis and increased risk of antiestrogen therapy failure. Here we quantify for the first time levels of Stat5a and Stat5b over breast cancer progression, and explore their potential association with clinical outcome. Stat5a and Stat5b protein levels were quantified in situ in breast-cancer progression material. Stat5a and Stat5b transcript levels in breast cancer were correlated with clinical outcome in 936 patients. Stat5a protein was further quantified in four archival cohorts totaling 686 patients with clinical outcome data by using multivariate models. Protein levels of Stat5a but not Stat5b were reduced in primary breast cancer and lymph node metastases compared with normal epithelia. Low tumor levels of Stat5a but
ZFIN Publication: Song et al., 2011ZFIN Publication: Song et al., 2011
STAT1 mediates response to interferons and regulates immunity, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and sensitivity of Fanconi Anemia cells to apoptosis after interferon signaling; the roles of STAT1 in embryos, however, are not understood. To explore embryonic functions of STAT1, we investigated stat1b, an unstudied zebrafish co-ortholog of human STAT1. Zebrafish stat1a encodes all five domains of the human STAT1-alpha splice form but, like the human STAT1-beta splice variant, stat1b lacks a complete transactivation domain; thus, two unlinked zebrafish paralogs encode protein forms translated from two splice variants of a single human gene, as expected by sub functionalization after genome duplication. Phylogenetic and conserved synteny studies showed that stat1b and stat1a arose as duplicates in the teleost genome duplication (TGD) and clarified the evolutionary origin of STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6 by tandem and genome duplication. RT-PCR revealed maternal expression of ...
Characterization of distinct Stat5b binding sites that mediate growth hormone-stimulated IGF-I gene transcription<...Characterization of distinct Stat5b binding sites that mediate growth hormone-stimulated IGF-I gene transcription<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterization of distinct Stat5b binding sites that mediate growth hormone-stimulated IGF-I gene transcription. AU - Chia, Dennis J.. AU - Ono, Mitsuru. AU - Woelfle, Joachim. AU - Schlesinger-Massart, Mylynda. AU - Jiang, Honglin. AU - Rotwein, Peter. PY - 2006/2/10. Y1 - 2006/2/10. N2 - A key agent in the anabolic actions of growth hormone (GH) is insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a 70-amino acid secreted protein with direct effects on somatic growth and tissue maintenance and repair. GH rapidly and potently stimulates IGF-I gene transcription by mechanisms independent of new protein synthesis, and recent studies have linked the transcription factor Stat5b to a regulatory network connecting the activated GH receptor on the cell membrane to the IGF-I gene in the nucleus. Here we analyze two distinct conserved GH response elements in the rat IGF-I locus that contain paired Stat5b sites. Each response element binds Stat5b in vivo in a GH-dependent way, as assessed by ...
STAT5 is required for thymopoiesis in a development stage-specific man by Joonsoo Kang, Brian DiBenedetto et al."STAT5 is required for thymopoiesis in a development stage-specific man" by Joonsoo Kang, Brian DiBenedetto et al.
Diverse cytokines necessary for normal lymphopoiesis and lymphocyte homeostasis activate STAT5 in responder cells. Although STAT5 has been suggested to be a central molecular effecter of IL-7 function, its essential role during IL-7-dependent T cell development in vivo remained unclear. Using Stat5(-/-) mice we now show that STAT5 is essential for various functions ascribed to IL-7 in vivo. STAT5 is required for embryonic thymocyte production, TCRgamma gene transcription, and Peyers patch development. In sharp contrast, normal STAT5 is dispensable for adult thymopoiesis. In peripheral lymphocytes, STAT5 is primarily required for the generation and/or maintenance of gammadelta T cells and TCRgammadelta(+) intraepithelial lymphocytes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that STAT5 is critical for many, but not all, aspects of steady state lymphoid lineage development and maintenance and suggest the existence of previously undocumented cytokine signaling traits and/or cytokine milieu during adult
Novel small molecule STAT3 inhibitors in cancer therapy.Novel small molecule STAT3 inhibitors in cancer therapy.
Among recently investigated potential targets for selective cancer treatment are signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). STATs are transcription factors activated in response to cytokines and growth factors and are involved in different cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and inflammation. Of the seven known mammalian STAT proteins STAT3 was shown to be constitutively activated in many human malignancies. Aberrant STAT3 activity promotes tumor progression through transcriptional activation of genes encoding apoptosis inhibitors, cell-cycle regulators and inducers of angiogenesis. Available data indicate that inhibition of STAT3 signaling leads to an attenuation of cancer cell growth and the induction of apoptosis.. The aim of our investigation was to design a novel STAT3 small molecule inhibitor that would selectively inhibit STAT3 activity, reducing expression of its downstream genes. Thus, we performed computational modeling and small molecule ...
STAT3 expression is associated with poor survival in non-elderly adult patients with newly diagnosed multiple myelomaSTAT3 expression is associated with poor survival in non-elderly adult patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
The Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT signaling pathway is an active focus of MM research. In mononuclear cells from the BM of patients with MM, constitutively activated STAT3 signaling contributes to disease pathogenesis by preventing apoptosis [14]. MM cells express constitutively active forms of nuclear factor-κB and STAT3, and the suppression of these transcription factors inhibits the survival of these malignant cells [15]. Apoptosis has been shown to be induced in diverse MM cells treated with agents that inhibit the STAT3 signaling pathway [1617]. However, few studies have examined the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with BM tissue expression of PY-STAT3. Brown et al. [18] used phospho-flow cytometry to evaluate the constitutive expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), pSTAT5, pERK, pAKT, and IL-6 receptor epitope in cryopreserved BM samples with respect to the clinical significance of positivity. In contrast to our results, the authors found no significant difference in OS ...
Increased expression of STAT3 and SOCS3 in placenta from hyperglycemic rats | European Journal of HistochemistryIncreased expression of STAT3 and SOCS3 in placenta from hyperglycemic rats | European Journal of Histochemistry
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that is activated by interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 that generate nearly opposing responses. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is the negative regulator of STAT3 and plays an important role in the negative regulation of the inflammatory process. Evidence has shown the importance of STAT3 and SOCS3 during implantation and normal pregnancy. However, little is known about the relationship of both factors under hyperglycemic condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the placenta regions exhibiting immunopositivity for STAT3 and SOCS3 in hyperglycemic rats, as well as correlate these proteins with IL-10 and IL-6 levels. It was observed increased expression of STAT3 at the labyrinth (approximately 47% of increase compared to control) and junctional zone (approximately 32% of increase compared to control) from hyperglycemic placentas. Similar results were observed to SOCS3 (approximately 71% ...
STAT 205 - Introduction to Probability and Statistics - Capilano UniversitySTAT 205 - Introduction to Probability and Statistics - Capilano University
STAT 205 is an approved Quantitative/Analytical course for baccalaureate degrees. STAT 205 is an approved Science course.. STAT 205 is equivalent to MATH 205. Duplicate credit will not be granted for this course and MATH 205.. ...
Stat 500 - Statistical MethodsStat 500 - Statistical Methods
Version 9.1 online documentation for SAS To get documentation on statistical PROCs, click on the + next to SAS/STAT, then the + next to SAS/STAT Users Guide. After a short wait, youll get a list of all the PROCs in SAS/STAT. Click the + next to the desired procedure for more information. The syntax section is usually the most helpful to find errors. Other sections provide advice on interpretation. < ...
One gene, two important proteinsOne gene, two important proteins
Today, scientists know that the JAK-STAT pathway faithfully relays the messages of at least 40 different molecular signals, including interferon, growth hormone, prolactin, erythropoeitin and most of the interleukins - and thus constitutes one of the body s primary means of communicating with its vast multitude of cells. What happens when this communication goes awry was demonstrated by Darnell, Jacqueline Bromberg, Henriksen and other colleagues in 1999. They showed that a human STAT protein, called STAT3 - which is overactive in various human tumors - can by itself turn normal cells into cancerous ones. The finding marked STAT3 as an official "oncogene" and solidified the notion that drugs designed to block the action of STATs may prove beneficial to cancer patients ...
Reactome | Tyrosine phosphorylated IL6ST binds STAT1,STAT3Reactome | Tyrosine phosphorylated IL6ST binds STAT1,STAT3
Reactome is pathway database which provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualisation, interpretation and analysis of pathway knowledge.
STATH Gene - GeneCards | STAT Protein | STAT AntibodySTATH Gene - GeneCards | STAT Protein | STAT Antibody
Complete information for STATH gene (Protein Coding), Statherin, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
Browse our STAT2 ELISA KitsBrowse our STAT2 ELISA Kits
Order STAT2 ELISA Kits for many Reactivities. Chicken, Cow, Dog and more. Compare STAT2 ELISA Kits and find the right product on antibodies-online.com.
HJC0416 hydrochloride | STAT3 Inhibitor | MedChemExpressHJC0416 hydrochloride | STAT3 Inhibitor | MedChemExpress
HJC0416 hydrochloride is a potent and orally active STAT3 inhibitor with an enhanced anticancer profile than Stattic (HY-13818). HJC0416 hydrochloride is a promising anti-cancer agent for breast cancer study. - Mechanism of Action & Protocol.
Daily Stat Pack, 6th December 2013Daily Stat Pack, 6th December 2013
Daily Stat Pack FRIDAY (06/12): Sandown: SANDOWN NH DETAILS FOR 2013: Number of races at Sandown: 50 Favourite stats: 15 (30.0%--includes joint and co
AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra STAT1 pY701, 50,000 Assay Points | PerkinElmerAlphaLISA SureFire Ultra STAT1 pY701, 50,000 Assay Points | PerkinElmer
The AlphaLISA® SureFire® Ultra™ p-STAT1 (Tyr701) assay is a sandwich immunoassay for quantitative detection of phospho-STAT1 (phosphorylated on Tyr701) in cellular lysates using Alpha Technology.
Sit Stat Profile Survey Demo: Completing the Profile Survey - GNYHASit Stat Profile Survey Demo: Completing the Profile Survey - GNYHA
The video walks users through the third step towards completing a profile survey through GNYHAs Sit Stat System-completing the profile survey.
Stat Priority - Balance; question - Druid - Icy Veins ForumsStat Priority - Balance; question - Druid - Icy Veins Forums
Why do the bis trinkets list mastery trinkets but the stat priority says haste? this makes getting trinkets confusing to say the least. Also is there a list of bis trinkets instead of just the two?
STAT (Stroke & TIA Assessment Training) - Chest Heart & Stroke ScotlandSTAT (Stroke & TIA Assessment Training) - Chest Heart & Stroke Scotland
STAT was developed by the Stroke Team in NHS Northumbria and has been successfully piloted in NHS Lanarkshire, in partnership with CHSS, for 2 years.
WoWRoster.net • View topic - Removing Unguilded in PVP stats on index pageWoWRoster.net • View topic - Removing Unguilded in PVP stats on index page
Is there away to remove counting Unguilded for "Guild that has suffered the most at our hands" & "Guild that has killed us the most" on the PVP stats box on the roster index page? Having it be that we have lost / won against unguilded individuals the most makes that particular stat meaningless ...
Forex basket statsForex basket stats
Enter forex basket stats patient education - forex basket stats, forex w czasie rzeczywistym, best forex systems, hlcc forex moving average, forex ssi index, todayx27s forex rates
Stat 226 Homework 2Stat 226 Homework 2
You hypothesize that in the particular culture from which the data above were taken, men tend to select wives, that taller wives are generally considered more desirable by the men, and that men of medium stature are less able than tall or short men to select desirable mates. Construct an appropriate contingency table that would permit you to examine this hypothesis ...
Stat 692 Fall 2014 Notes | Department of StatisticsStat 692 Fall 2014 Notes | Department of Statistics
notice more variability in boys than girls. style: figure captions as complete sentences, explaining plot. Enough information so busy reader can read caption and comprehend what is going on.. side-by-side plots: perceive shape but not shift. histogram vs quantile-quantile vs histogram vs ...
László Várallyai - ODT Personal data sheetLászló Várallyai - ODT Personal data sheet
Kármán F H, Kálmán E, Várallyai L, Kónya J: THE EFFECT OF BIVALENT-CATIONS IN THE ADSORPTION OF PHOSPHONIC-ACIDS ON IRON ELECTRODES STUDIED BY THE RADIOTRACER METHOD, ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION A-A JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES 46: (1-2) pp. 183-186 ...
ETS1ETS1
Stem cell markerStem cell marker
Vitamin A receptorVitamin A receptor
Janus kinase 2Janus kinase 2
Thymic stromal lymphopoietinThymic stromal lymphopoietin
PIM1PIM1
Erythropoietin receptorErythropoietin receptor
Memory T cellMemory T cell
ETS2ETS2
Interleukin-1 familyInterleukin-1 family
FOXP3FOXP3
Th 9 cellsTh 9 cells
KIAA1958KIAA1958
Interleukin 15Interleukin 15
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factorGranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Janus kinase 3Janus kinase 3
Philadelphia chromosomePhiladelphia chromosome
Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), member A1Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), member A1
USF2USF2
Glucocorticoid receptorGlucocorticoid receptor
STAT3 GOFSTAT3 GOF
STAT5BSTAT5B
STAT proteinSTAT protein
PDGFRBPDGFRB
ErythropoietinErythropoietin
STAT5ASTAT5A
N-myc-interactorN-myc-interactor
List of MeSH codes (D12.776.476)List of MeSH codes (D12.776.476)
Cyclin DCyclin D
Clonal hypereosinophiliaClonal hypereosinophilia
Interferon-alpha/beta receptorInterferon-alpha/beta receptor
Mitogenom-aktivirana proteinska kinaza 1 - Википедија, слободна енциклопедијаMitogenom-aktivirana proteinska kinaza 1 - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
InterferonInterferon
IRF7IRF7
STAT5B - ВікіпедіяSTAT5B - Вікіпедія
STAT5STAT5
Ostra białaczka szpikowa, wolna encyklopediaOstra białaczka szpikowa, wolna encyklopedia
Melanocortin 1 receptorMelanocortin 1 receptor
InterferonInterferon
STAT6STAT6
FIP1L1FIP1L1
SOCS3SOCS3
CISHCISH
LckLck
SOCS2SOCS2
Interleukin 9Interleukin 9
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation Science
Transcription FactorsTranscription, GeneticSTAT3 Transcription FactorSTAT1 Transcription FactorDNA-Binding ProteinsSTAT5 Transcription FactorPromoter Regions, GeneticSp1 Transcription FactorGene Expression RegulationTrans-ActivatorsMolecular Sequence DataBase SequenceTranscriptional ActivationBinding SitesSignal TransductionRNA, MessengerProtein BindingBasic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription FactorsSTAT6 Transcription FactorNuclear ProteinsCell LineTranscription Factor AP-1Repressor ProteinsForkhead Transcription FactorsHomeodomain ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalAmino Acid SequenceDNAMutationCell NucleusBasic-Leucine Zipper Transcription FactorsTransfectionCell DifferentiationTranscription Factor AP-2Chromatin ImmunoprecipitationCells, CulturedSTAT2 Transcription FactorKruppel-Like Transcription FactorsTranscription Factors, TFIISTAT4 Transcription FactorHeLa CellsGenes, ReporterSTAT Transcription FactorsYY1 Transcription FactorGATA4 Transcription FactorPhosphorylationTranscription Factor TFIIDReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionNF-kappa BElectrophoretic Mobility Shift AssayNFATC Transcription FactorsActivating Transcription Factor 3Sp3 Transcription FactorTranscription Initiation SiteZinc FingersPaired Box Transcription FactorsActivating Transcription Factor 2Gene Expression ProfilingRecombinant Fusion ProteinsTranscription Factor TFIIBRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidEnhancer Elements, GeneticCell Line, TumorRNA Polymerase IIE2F1 Transcription FactorCloning, MolecularGene ExpressionGATA3 Transcription FactorPlasmidsBasic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription FactorsMEF2 Transcription FactorsLuciferasesGATA1 Transcription FactorProtein Structure, TertiaryGATA2 Transcription FactorMice, KnockoutGene Expression Regulation, FungalMicrophthalmia-Associated Transcription FactorTCF Transcription FactorsGATA Transcription FactorsProto-Oncogene ProteinsActivating Transcription FactorsBlotting, WesternTranscription Factor RelAOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisModels, BiologicalChromatinE2F Transcription FactorsDown-RegulationTumor Cells, CulturedHelix-Loop-Helix MotifsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMice, Inbred C57BLSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsSequence Homology, Amino AcidGene Expression Regulation, PlantUp-RegulationMice, TransgenicMilk ProteinsActivating Transcription Factor 4Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding ProteinGATA6 Transcription FactorTranscription Factor 7-Like 1 ProteinActivating Transcription Factor 1Transcription Factor TFIIIATATA BoxDrosophila ProteinsModels, GeneticNFI Transcription FactorsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-junProto-Oncogene Proteins c-etsSequence AlignmentPhenotypeCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding ProteinsConsensus SequenceGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticRecombinant ProteinsSOX9 Transcription FactorTranscription Factor TFIIHCell ProliferationHistonesTranscription Factor TFIIADNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesT-Box Domain ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialConserved SequenceIn Situ HybridizationRNA, Small InterferingDNA, ComplementaryApoptosisTranscription Factor DP1Gene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicDNA FootprintingArabidopsis ProteinsFungal ProteinsRNA InterferenceRegulatory Elements, TranscriptionalOctamer Transcription Factor-1Active Transport, Cell NucleusLeucine ZippersArabidopsisTwo-Hybrid System TechniquesDrosophilaGene DeletionCell LineageTATA-Box Binding ProteinSequence DeletionErythroid-Specific DNA-Binding FactorsBlotting, NorthernTranscription Factors, TFIIIGA-Binding Protein Transcription FactorGene Regulatory NetworksEarly Growth Response Protein 1Sequence Homology, Nucleic AcidCOS CellsCarrier ProteinsHigh Mobility Group ProteinsMutagenesis, Site-DirectedBacterial ProteinsProto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1RNADeoxyribonuclease ITranscription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein3T3 CellsSequence Analysis, DNAOligodeoxyribonucleotidesTwist Transcription FactorReverse TranscriptionPolymerase Chain ReactionPlant ProteinsResponse ElementsChloramphenicol O-AcetyltransferaseEscherichia coliCell CycleProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosGene Expression Regulation, ViralAcetylationNF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 SubunitNerve Tissue ProteinsTime FactorsGene SilencingTranscription Factor TFIIIBActivating Transcription Factor 6Restriction MappingTranscription Factor Brn-3ImmunohistochemistrySOXB1 Transcription FactorsJanus Kinase 2Drosophila melanogasterMultigene FamilyNF-E2 Transcription FactorEmbryo, MammalianCell Cycle ProteinsGenes, RegulatorDNA PrimersCell DivisionCCAAT-Binding FactorJanus KinasesUpstream Stimulatory FactorsSOXE Transcription FactorsFibroblasts
Vetmeduni Vienna : New strategy to target transcription factor STAT5 to combat leukaemiaVetmeduni Vienna : New strategy to target transcription factor STAT5 to combat leukaemia
Interaction between FGFR-2, STAT5, and Progesterone Receptors in Breast Cancer | Cancer ResearchInteraction between FGFR-2, STAT5, and Progesterone Receptors in Breast Cancer | Cancer Research
Hierarchy within the mammary STAT5-driven Wap super-enhancer | Nature GeneticsHierarchy within the mammary STAT5-driven Wap super-enhancer | Nature Genetics
New Strategy to Target Transcription Factor STAT5 to Combat LeukaemiaNew Strategy to Target Transcription Factor STAT5 to Combat Leukaemia
Transcription factor Stat5 synergizes with androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells - edocTranscription factor Stat5 synergizes with androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells - edoc
Activation of STAT5 triggers proliferation and contributes to anti-apoptotic signalling mediated by the oncogenic Xmrk kinaseActivation of STAT5 triggers proliferation and contributes to anti-apoptotic signalling mediated by the oncogenic Xmrk kinase
Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOrganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology
Constitutive activation of STAT5 by the BCR-ABL oncogene in chronic myelogenous leukemiaConstitutive activation of STAT5 by the BCR-ABL oncogene in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Degradation of the Transcription Factors NF-κB, STAT3, and STAT5 Is Involved in Entamoeba histolytica-Induced Cell Death in...Degradation of the Transcription Factors NF-κB, STAT3, and STAT5 Is Involved in Entamoeba histolytica-Induced Cell Death in...
Abstract 2719: Aberrant expression of transcription factors STAT-3 and STAT-5 and their epigenetic control by SOCS-1 gene : The...Abstract 2719: Aberrant expression of transcription factors STAT-3 and STAT-5 and their epigenetic control by SOCS-1 gene : The...
Degradation of the Transcription Factors NF-kappaB, STAT3, and STAT5 Is Involved in Entamoeba histolytica-Induced Cell Death in...Degradation of the Transcription Factors NF-kappaB, STAT3, and STAT5 Is Involved in Entamoeba histolytica-Induced Cell Death in...
Constitutive activation of the transcription factor Stat5 in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells - Role of adrenergic receptors...Constitutive activation of the transcription factor Stat5 in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells - Role of adrenergic receptors...
Recombinant Human STAT5b protein (ab182829) | AbcamRecombinant Human STAT5b protein (ab182829) | Abcam
STAT transcription factor, all-alpha domain (IPR013800) | InterPro | EMBL-EBISTAT transcription factor, all-alpha domain (IPR013800) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Transcription factor STAT (IPR001217) | InterPro | EMBL-EBITranscription factor STAT (IPR001217) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
STAT5B Gene - GeneCards | STA5B Protein | STA5B AntibodySTAT5B Gene - GeneCards | STA5B Protein | STA5B Antibody
Recombinant Anti-STAT5b antibody [EPR16671] (ab178941) | AbcamRecombinant Anti-STAT5b antibody [EPR16671] (ab178941) | Abcam
Prostate Cancer | SpringerLinkProstate Cancer | SpringerLink
Growth hormone signal transduction.Growth hormone signal transduction.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase plays an essential role in the erythropoietin-dependent proliferation of CTLL-2 cells.Mitogen-activated protein kinase plays an essential role in the erythropoietin-dependent proliferation of CTLL-2 cells.
Cancer News - Health News, Medicine News, CancerCancer News - Health News, Medicine News, Cancer
JCI - TYK2 is a key regulator of the surveillance of B lymphoid tumorsJCI - TYK2 is a key regulator of the surveillance of B lymphoid tumors
Snd1 - Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Snd1 gene & proteinSnd1 - Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Snd1 gene & protein
JCI - Newly found arsons ignite the fire of gut GVHDJCI - Newly found arsons ignite the fire of gut GVHD
Amplification of a Stat5 gene produces excess oncogenic protein that drives prostate cancer spreadAmplification of a Stat5 gene produces excess oncogenic protein that drives prostate cancer spread
Hypoxic Tumor Kinase Signaling Mediated by STAT5A in Development of Castration-Resistant Prostate CancerHypoxic Tumor Kinase Signaling Mediated by STAT5A in Development of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Reduced autophagy in livers of fasted, fat-depleted, ghrelin-deficient mice: Reversal by growth hormone | PNASReduced autophagy in livers of fasted, fat-depleted, ghrelin-deficient mice: Reversal by growth hormone | PNAS
STAT5-Induced Lunatic Fringe during Th2 Development Alters Delta-like 4-Mediated Th2 Cytokine Production in Respiratory...STAT5-Induced Lunatic Fringe during Th2 Development Alters Delta-like 4-Mediated Th2 Cytokine Production in Respiratory...
Wissenschaftliche ProjekteWissenschaftliche Projekte
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation Science
Transcription FactorsTranscription, GeneticSTAT3 Transcription FactorSTAT1 Transcription FactorDNA-Binding ProteinsSTAT5 Transcription FactorPromoter Regions, GeneticSp1 Transcription FactorGene Expression RegulationTrans-ActivatorsMolecular Sequence DataBase SequenceTranscriptional ActivationBinding SitesSignal TransductionRNA, MessengerProtein BindingBasic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription FactorsSTAT6 Transcription FactorNuclear ProteinsCell LineTranscription Factor AP-1Repressor ProteinsForkhead Transcription FactorsHomeodomain ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalAmino Acid SequenceDNAMutationCell NucleusBasic-Leucine Zipper Transcription FactorsTransfectionCell DifferentiationTranscription Factor AP-2Chromatin ImmunoprecipitationCells, CulturedSTAT2 Transcription FactorKruppel-Like Transcription FactorsTranscription Factors, TFIISTAT4 Transcription FactorHeLa CellsGenes, ReporterSTAT Transcription FactorsYY1 Transcription FactorGATA4 Transcription FactorPhosphorylationTranscription Factor TFIIDReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionNF-kappa BElectrophoretic Mobility Shift AssayNFATC Transcription FactorsActivating Transcription Factor 3Sp3 Transcription FactorTranscription Initiation SiteZinc FingersPaired Box Transcription FactorsActivating Transcription Factor 2Gene Expression ProfilingRecombinant Fusion ProteinsTranscription Factor TFIIBRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidEnhancer Elements, GeneticCell Line, TumorRNA Polymerase IIE2F1 Transcription FactorCloning, MolecularGene ExpressionGATA3 Transcription FactorPlasmidsBasic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription FactorsMEF2 Transcription FactorsLuciferasesGATA1 Transcription FactorProtein Structure, TertiaryGATA2 Transcription FactorMice, KnockoutGene Expression Regulation, FungalMicrophthalmia-Associated Transcription FactorTCF Transcription FactorsGATA Transcription FactorsProto-Oncogene ProteinsActivating Transcription FactorsBlotting, WesternTranscription Factor RelAOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisModels, BiologicalChromatinE2F Transcription FactorsDown-RegulationTumor Cells, CulturedHelix-Loop-Helix MotifsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMice, Inbred C57BLSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsSequence Homology, Amino AcidGene Expression Regulation, PlantUp-RegulationMice, TransgenicMilk ProteinsActivating Transcription Factor 4Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding ProteinGATA6 Transcription FactorTranscription Factor 7-Like 1 ProteinActivating Transcription Factor 1Transcription Factor TFIIIATATA BoxDrosophila ProteinsModels, GeneticNFI Transcription FactorsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-junProto-Oncogene Proteins c-etsSequence AlignmentPhenotypeCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding ProteinsConsensus SequenceGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticRecombinant ProteinsSOX9 Transcription FactorTranscription Factor TFIIHCell ProliferationHistonesTranscription Factor TFIIADNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesT-Box Domain ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialConserved SequenceIn Situ HybridizationRNA, Small InterferingDNA, ComplementaryApoptosisTranscription Factor DP1Gene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicDNA FootprintingArabidopsis ProteinsFungal ProteinsRNA InterferenceRegulatory Elements, TranscriptionalOctamer Transcription Factor-1Active Transport, Cell NucleusLeucine ZippersArabidopsisTwo-Hybrid System TechniquesDrosophilaGene DeletionCell LineageTATA-Box Binding ProteinSequence DeletionErythroid-Specific DNA-Binding FactorsBlotting, NorthernTranscription Factors, TFIIIGA-Binding Protein Transcription FactorGene Regulatory NetworksEarly Growth Response Protein 1Sequence Homology, Nucleic AcidCOS CellsCarrier ProteinsHigh Mobility Group ProteinsMutagenesis, Site-DirectedBacterial ProteinsProto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1RNADeoxyribonuclease ITranscription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein3T3 CellsSequence Analysis, DNAOligodeoxyribonucleotidesTwist Transcription FactorReverse TranscriptionPolymerase Chain ReactionPlant ProteinsResponse ElementsChloramphenicol O-AcetyltransferaseEscherichia coliCell CycleProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosGene Expression Regulation, ViralAcetylationNF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 SubunitNerve Tissue ProteinsTime FactorsGene SilencingTranscription Factor TFIIIBActivating Transcription Factor 6Restriction MappingTranscription Factor Brn-3ImmunohistochemistrySOXB1 Transcription FactorsJanus Kinase 2Drosophila melanogasterMultigene FamilyNF-E2 Transcription FactorEmbryo, MammalianCell Cycle ProteinsGenes, RegulatorDNA PrimersCell DivisionCCAAT-Binding FactorJanus KinasesUpstream Stimulatory FactorsSOXE Transcription FactorsFibroblasts
STAT3 and STAT5PhosphorylationGenesHematopoieticProteinsStat5bActivatorCytokineSTATReceptorsActivatesProliferationPhospho-STAT5PathwaysTyr694InducesCytokinesTransducers and activators of transcriptionInhibitionSTAT1Nuclear translocationPathwayMiceActivation of STAT5KinaseGene transcriptionOverexpressionAntibodyLeukaemiaMammary developmentProteinPromoterMetastasisConstitutive activeBindsEpidermalNucleusTranscriptional coactivatorMutationsResiduesGrowthCellsConstitutively activatedFunction in melanomaSurvivalSequencesTransactivationDownstreamP300MelanomaRoleInteracts with other transcription factors
STAT3 and STAT510
Phosphorylation16
Genes21
Hematopoietic11
Proteins9
Stat5b4
Activator18
Cytokine11
STAT18
Receptors2
Activates6
Proliferation13
Phospho-STAT52
  • The following antibody was used in this experiment: Phospho-STAT5 alpha (Tyr694) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (6H5L15) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 701063, RRID AB_2532365. (thermofisher.com)
  • The following antibody was used in this experiment: Phospho-STAT5 (Tyr694) Monoclonal Antibody (SRBCZX), APC, eBioscience™ from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 17-9010-42, RRID AB_2573272. (thermofisher.com)
Pathways4
Tyr6941
  • A synthetic phospho-peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Tyr694 of human Stat5 was used as immunogen. (biomol.com)
Induces3
Cytokines6
Transducers and activators of transcription2
Inhibition2
STAT12
Nuclear translocation1
Pathway4
  • The finding is important since agents that inhibit the Stat5 pathway are currently entering clinical trials, says the study's senior author, Marja Nevalainen, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology, and Urology at Jefferson. (innovations-report.com)
  • We show that the new signal interceptors targeting the JAK-STAT5 pathway may have dangerous side effects that must be taken into account in clinical trials: inhibiting JAK-STAT5 has the potential to promote tumor growth by enhancing NK-cell-mediated angiogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Together, these bind to the STAT5-binding site in the promoter of bcl-X L . Overexpression of constitutively active STAT5 protected oligodendrocytes from apoptosis, and knockdown of STAT5 blocked the protective effects of MP, demonstrating the importance of STAT5 in this pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our zebrafish model demonstrates the potential of a hyperactivated epidermal growth factor receptor pathway in initiating heptocarcinogenesis. (zfin.org)
Mice8
  • We interrogated the Wap super-enhancer, generating mice carrying mutations in STAT5-binding sites within its constituent enhancers. (nature.com)
  • In 2003, Dr. Nevalainen discovered that Stat5 protein is critical for viability of prostate cancer cells and growth of prostate tumors in mice. (innovations-report.com)
  • Experiments in cell culture and in mice showed that increased Stat5 copy numbers conferred a growth advantage for tumors. (innovations-report.com)
  • Stat5-deficient (Stat5KO) mice, although born with normal MC numbers, are completely MC deficient by 12 wk of age, due to lack of proper survival signals (Ref. 10 and C. Shelburne and J. Ryan, unpublished observations). (jimmunol.org)
  • We show that STAT5 normally represses the transcription of VEGFA in NK cells, in both mice and humans. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Point mutations in the binding sites for specific transcription factors present within this CoRE have demonstrated the importance of both nuclear factor I (NFI) and STAT5 as well as cooperative interactions with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the regulation of WAP gene expression in the mammary gland of transgenic mice. (asm.org)
  • however, STAT5 alpha deficient female mice failed to lactate due to impairment of mammary development. (acris-antibodies.com)
  • Using traditional and cell-specific gene knock-out mice, researchers in LGP have discovered that STAT5 is essential for the development and function of several distinct cell types, including the mammary gland and liver. (nih.gov)
Activation of STAT53
Kinase4
  • We identified STAT5 activation as being involved in both growth and survival signalling triggered by the Xmrk kinase possibly due to STAT5 induced expression of pim-1 and bcl-x. (nih.gov)
  • STAT5 was also activated in primary mouse bone marrow cells acutely transformed by the CML-specific BCR-ABL oncogene, but not by the serine kinase oncogene v-MOS. (nih.gov)
  • Papillomas overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor and display enhanced MAP kinase and PI-3-kinase activity. (springer.com)
  • They express elevated levels of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ( 8 , 9 ), which lead to constitutively activated MAP kinase and enhanced PI3 kinase activity. (springer.com)
Gene transcription5
Overexpression4
Antibody1
Leukaemia4
  • We developed a tumours-specific gene-deletion approach to analyse the roles of Stat5 and Stat3 in Bcr/Abl-induced leukaemia growth. (thaindian.com)
  • Even mutated forms of bcr-abl, Leukaemia cells, which are resistant to inhibiting drugs such as Imatinib, are still dependent on Stat5. (thaindian.com)
  • In this study we demonstrated that bcr-abl, Leukaemia cells are addicted to Stat5 to maintain the leukameic state. (thaindian.com)
  • The research team, based at Vetmeduni, Vienna, has been studying the STAT5 transcription factor, which is essential for the development of BCR/ABL-induced leukaemia. (b-s-h.org.uk)
Mammary development2
Protein15
Promoter7
Metastasis3
Constitutive active1
Binds3
Epidermal3
Nucleus2
Transcriptional coactivator1
Mutations1
  • Study co-leader Veronika Sexl said: "What is exciting is that in recent years cases have been found of patients with mutations that result in STAT5 activation and are assumed to drive disease. (b-s-h.org.uk)
Residues2
Growth9
  • We have recently shown, by using a medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-induced murine breast cancer model ( 2 ), that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is highly expressed in the stroma of hormone-independent carcinomas and that the FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitor PD173074 decreased tumor growth ( 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Outcomes non-contiguous multiple brief peptides within PLC-3-CT content to Stat5 and SHP-1 Our prior research demonstrated that PLC-3-CT provides the growth suppressor function and includes the connections sites for Stat5 and SHP-1 . (researchreportone.com)
  • These findings reveal that STAT5-directed therapies may have negative effects: In addition to impairing NK-cell-mediated tumor surveillance, they may even promote tumor growth by enhancing angiogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • STAT5 alpha is critically involved in a variety of physiological functions, including reproduction, lactation, immune function and somatic growth. (thermofisher.com)
  • Basically it's the same with your liver and insulin-like growth factor 1. (nutritionfacts.org)
  • We discovered that both factors are required for the development of Bcr-Abl, but once established only Stat5 is crucial for the survival and growth of leukemic Cells," said Sexl. (thaindian.com)
  • In this stem cell from bone marrow are injected into a recipient after treating them with growth factor. (medindia.net)
  • IL-15 was discovered in 1994 by two different laboratories, and characterized as T cell growth factor . (wikipedia.org)
  • Interleukin-7 (IL-7) was discovered in the year 1988 as a factor that enhanced the growth of murine B-cell precursors in bone marrow culture system. (wikipathways.org)
Cells10
Constitutively activated1
Function in melanoma1
Survival1
Sequences1
Transactivation2
Downstream2
P3001
  • Structural Basis for Recruitment of CBP/p300 by Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 Alpha Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (jove.com)
Melanoma1
  • To gain new in vivo information on candidate factors known to be involved in melanoma progression, I identified and analysed BRAF, Stat5 and C-myc in the laboratory fish model system medaka. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Role5
Interacts with other transcription factors1
Recombinant Human STAT5b protein (ab182829) | Abcam
Recombinant Human STAT5b protein (ab182829) | Abcam (abcam.com)
STAT5B Gene - GeneCards | STA5B Protein | STA5B Antibody
STAT5B Gene - GeneCards | STA5B Protein | STA5B Antibody (genecards.org)
Recombinant Anti-STAT5b antibody [EPR16671] (ab178941) | Abcam
Recombinant Anti-STAT5b antibody [EPR16671] (ab178941) | Abcam (abcam.com)
Wissenschaftliche Projekte
Wissenschaftliche Projekte (klinikum.uni-heidelberg.de)
CD69 | SpringerLink
CD69 | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Reduced autophagy in livers of fasted, fat-depleted, ghrelin-deficient mice: Reversal by growth hormone | PNAS
Reduced autophagy in livers of fasted, fat-depleted, ghrelin-deficient mice: Reversal by growth hormone | PNAS (pnas.org)
Molecular Pathways and Mechanisms Regulating the Recombination of Immunoglobulin Genes during B-Lymphocyte Development |...
Molecular Pathways and Mechanisms Regulating the Recombination of Immunoglobulin Genes during B-Lymphocyte Development |... (link.springer.com)
Hypoxic Tumor Kinase Signaling Mediated by STAT5A in Development of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Hypoxic Tumor Kinase Signaling Mediated by STAT5A in Development of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (journals.plos.org)
University of Maryland School of Medicine Prepares to Treat First Cancer Patients at New Maryland Proton Treatment Center -...
University of Maryland School of Medicine Prepares to Treat First Cancer Patients at New Maryland Proton Treatment Center -... (healthcanal.com)
Hierarchy within the mammary STAT5-driven Wap super-enhancer | Nature Genetics
Hierarchy within the mammary STAT5-driven Wap super-enhancer | Nature Genetics (nature.com)
Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain of MGF-Stat5 results in sustained DNA binding and a dominant negative...
Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain of MGF-Stat5 results in sustained DNA binding and a dominant negative... (mcb.asm.org)
NADPH Oxidase Nox2 Is Required for Hypoxia-Induced Mobilization of Endothelial Progenitor Cells | Circulation Research
NADPH Oxidase Nox2 Is Required for Hypoxia-Induced Mobilization of Endothelial Progenitor Cells | Circulation Research (circres.ahajournals.org)
Wip1-knockout animals have reduced alveolar development | Open-i
Wip1-knockout animals have reduced alveolar development | Open-i (openi.nlm.nih.gov)
MethoCult™ M3134 | STEMCELL Technologies
MethoCult™ M3134 | STEMCELL Technologies (stemcell.com)
Cytokine Signaling Pathway Analysis Response Element Firefly Luciferase Vectors
Cytokine Signaling Pathway Analysis Response Element Firefly Luciferase Vectors (promega.com)
Research - CheckOrphan
Research - CheckOrphan (checkorphan.org)
Animal Protein and the Cancer Promoter IGF-1 | NutritionFacts.org
Animal Protein and the Cancer Promoter IGF-1 | NutritionFacts.org (nutritionfacts.org)
Gene transcriptions/Boxes/CGCGs/Laboratory - Wikiversity
Gene transcriptions/Boxes/CGCGs/Laboratory - Wikiversity (en.wikiversity.org)
Gene transcriptions/GA responsive complex/Laboratory - Wikiversity
Gene transcriptions/GA responsive complex/Laboratory - Wikiversity (en.wikiversity.org)
Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch | NIAMS
Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch | NIAMS (niams.nih.gov)
SABCS 2017: Immunotherapy shows early promise for patients with trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer. ecancer - News
SABCS 2017: Immunotherapy shows early promise for patients with trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer. ecancer - News (ecancer.org)
Comprehensive study of oesophageal cancer reveals molecular subtypes. ecancer - News
Comprehensive study of oesophageal cancer reveals molecular subtypes. ecancer - News (ecancer.org)
JCI - Tumor-secreted Pros1 inhibits macrophage M1 polarization to reduce antitumor immune response
JCI - Tumor-secreted Pros1 inhibits macrophage M1 polarization to reduce antitumor immune response (jci.org)
JCI - Targeting CDK1 promotes FLT3-activated acute myeloid leukemia differentiation through C/EBPα
JCI - Targeting CDK1 promotes FLT3-activated acute myeloid leukemia differentiation through C/EBPα (jci.org)