Spondylosis. Medical search

Spondylosis: A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the VERTEBRA, the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK, and the surrounding soft tissue.Spinal Osteophytosis: Outgrowth of immature bony processes or bone spurs (OSTEOPHYTE) from the VERTEBRAE, reflecting the presence of degenerative disease and calcification. It commonly occurs in cervical and lumbar SPONDYLOSIS.Cervical Vertebrae: The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK.Spinal Cord Diseases: Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.Spinal Cord Compression: Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the SPINAL CORD due to extramedullary neoplasm; EPIDURAL ABSCESS; SPINAL FRACTURES; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence.Spondylitis: Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions.Osteochondritis: Inflammation of a bone and its overlaying CARTILAGE.Diskectomy: Excision, in part or whole, of an INTERVERTEBRAL DISC. The most common indication is disk displacement or herniation. In addition to standard surgical removal, it can be performed by percutaneous diskectomy (DISKECTOMY, PERCUTANEOUS) or by laparoscopic diskectomy, the former being the more common.Laminectomy: A surgical procedure that entails removing all (laminectomy) or part (laminotomy) of selected vertebral lamina to relieve pressure on the SPINAL CORD and/or SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Vertebral lamina is the thin flattened posterior wall of vertebral arch that forms the vertebral foramen through which pass the spinal cord and nerve roots.Spinal Fusion: Operative immobilization or ankylosis of two or more vertebrae by fusion of the vertebral bodies with a short bone graft or often with diskectomy or laminectomy. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed, p236; Dorland, 28th ed)Intervertebral Disc Displacement: An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the nucleus pulposus has protruded through surrounding fibrocartilage. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.Scheuermann Disease: A type of juvenile osteochondrosis affecting the fibrocartilaginous disc (INTERVERTEBRAL DISC) in the thoracic or thoracolumbar region of the SPINE. It is characterized by a forward concave SPINAL CURVATURE or KYPHOSIS.Spinal Diseases Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal.Radiculopathy: Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.Spinal Canal: The cavity within the SPINAL COLUMN through which the SPINAL CORD passes.Musculoskeletal System: The MUSCLES, bones (BONE AND BONES), and CARTILAGE of the body.Neck Pain: Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.Decompression, Surgical: A surgical operation for the relief of pressure in a body compartment or on a body part. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Intervertebral Disc: Any of the 23 plates of fibrocartilage found between the bodies of adjacent VERTEBRAE.Myelography: X-ray visualization of the spinal cord following injection of contrast medium into the spinal arachnoid space.Acupuncture Points: Designated locations along nerves or organ meridians for inserting acupuncture needles.Spinal Nerve Roots: Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.Lumbar Vertebrae: VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE.Acupuncture Therapy: Treatment of disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians. The placement varies with the disease being treated. It is sometimes used in conjunction with heat, moxibustion, acupressure, or electric stimulation.Spinal Cord: A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Occupational Diseases: Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Dictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as Topic: Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.Neurology: A medical specialty concerned with the study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the nervous system.Neurosurgery: A surgical specialty concerned with the treatment of diseases and disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral and sympathetic nervous system.Heel Spur: A bony outgrowth on the lower surface of the CALCANEUS. Though often presenting along with plantar fasciitis (FASCIITIS, PLANTAR), they are not considered causally related.Fasciitis, Plantar: Inflammation of the thick tissue on the bottom of the foot (plantar fascia) causing HEEL pain. The plantar fascia (also called plantar aponeurosis) are bands of fibrous tissue extending from the calcaneal tuberosity to the TOES. The etiology of plantar fasciitis remains controversial but is likely to involve a biomechanical imbalance. Though often presenting along with HEEL SPUR, they do not appear to be causally related.Spondylitis, Ankylosing: A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.Ankylosis: Fixation and immobility of a joint.Fluoride Poisoning Fluorosis, Dental: A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)Fluorides: Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.Rheumatic Diseases: Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)Internet: A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.Learning Disorders: Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These disorders may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.Massage: The systematic and methodical manipulations of body tissues best performed with the hands for the purpose of affecting the nervous and muscular systems and the general circulation.Spina Bifida Occulta: A common congenital midline defect of fusion of the vertebral arch without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges. The lesion is also covered by skin. L5 and S1 are the most common vertebrae involved. The condition may be associated with an overlying area of hyperpigmented skin, a dermal sinus, or an abnormal patch of hair. The majority of individuals with this malformation are asymptomatic although there is an increased incidence of tethered cord syndrome and lumbar SPONDYLOSIS. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p34)Lumbosacral Region: Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.Sacrum: Five fused VERTEBRAE forming a triangle-shaped structure at the back of the PELVIS. It articulates superiorly with the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, inferiorly with the COCCYX, and anteriorly with the ILIUM of the PELVIS. The sacrum strengthens and stabilizes the PELVIS.

Anterior cervical locking plate-related complications; prevention and treatment recommendations. (1/172)

A retrospective study evaluating complications in 2,233 consecutive patients of subaxial cervical disorders treated with an anterior cervical locking plate was performed, and recommendations for prevention and treatment were made. The average length of follow-up was 1.3 years. Any loosening or breaking of the plates and screws or malpositions that threatened tracheoesophageal or neurovascular structures were defined as the complications. There were 239 cases (10.7%) with different kinds of complications. The complications included oblique plating in 56 cases in which the screw could irritate the nerve root. Screws were driven into the disc space in four cases, which ultimately led to plate loosening. Screws penetrated the endplate or passed excessively close to it producing a triangle fracture in 19 cases. Loosening or breaking of the plate and the screw was found in 115 cases. These phenomena were always associated with non-union. Three oesophageal perforations occurred and conservative treatments proved effective. Finally, overlong plates impinged on the adjacent level in 14 cases and promoted disc degeneration ultimately leading to revision surgery. Good training and careful operation may help to decrease the complication rate. Most hardware complications are not symptomatic and can be treated conservatively. Only a few of them need immediate reoperation. (+info)

Posterior atlantoaxial subluxation due to os odontoideum combined with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a case report. (2/172)

In patients with os odontoideum and posterior atlantoaxial subluxation are extremely rare. No reports have described posterior atlantoaxial subluxation associated with os odontoideum combined with cervical spondylotic canal stenosis, both of which require surgical treatment. We report one case of a 75-year-old female who underwent arthrodesis between the occiput and C3 using a hook-and-rod system and also a double-door laminoplasty from levels C3 to C7. The claw mechanism was applied between the C2 lamina and the C3 inferior articular process. The posterior atlantoaxial subluxation was completely reduced by the method that the rod gradually pushed the posterior arch of C1 anteriorly during connection to the occiput. Twelve months after surgery, the patient showed improvement in preoperative clumsiness and gait disturbance, and the latest plain radiographs showed solid osseous fusion, with no loss of correction or instrumentation failure. (+info)

Bilateral cervical spondylolysis in a young Chinese woman presenting with a neck injury. (3/172)

Cervical spondylolysis is an uncommon entity. It is important to recognise its characteristic radiological features and differentiate it from acute cervical fractures or dislocations in patients with neck injuries. We report the relevant clinical and radiological findings seen in a young Chinese woman managed in our hospital after a neck injury who was ultimately diagnosed with bilateral cervical spondylolysis with spondylolisthesis at C6. (+info)

Surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis in the elderly: surgical outcomes, risk factors, and complications. (4/172)

The incidence of cervical spondylosis in the elderly is increasing with the higher proportion of elderly individuals among the Japanese population. The present study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiological features of this clinical entity in 107 patients with cervical spondylosis aged 70 years or older surgically treated between 1995 and 2005. The patients were divided into Group 1 (n = 60) aged between 70 and 74 years, and Group 2 (n = 47) 75 years or older. Patients with localized compression within 2 levels responsible for the neurological symptoms underwent anterior fusion, and patients with a narrow spinal canal were treated by laminoplasty. The pre- and postoperative neurological status (Neurosurgical Cervical Spine Scale) and postoperative complications were compared. More patients in Group 2 required laminoplasty but most patients underwent single-level anterior fusion. There was no statistically significant difference in the surgical results. Group 2 had a much higher ratio of anterior fusion at the C3-4 level. Many of the aged patients had multiple risk factors. Surgical decompression for cervical spondylosis is beneficial even in elderly patients. Single-level anterior fusion to treat the lesion most responsible for the symptoms is the least invasive choice. Elderly patients tend to present with multiple risk factors so require careful perioperative management. (+info)

Anterior cervical locking plate-related complications; prevention and treatment recommendations. (1/172)

Posterior atlantoaxial subluxation due to os odontoideum combined with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a case report. (2/172)

Bilateral cervical spondylolysis in a young Chinese woman presenting with a neck injury. (3/172)

Surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis in the elderly: surgical outcomes, risk factors, and complications. (4/172)

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty in the treatment of cervical disc herniation. (5/172)

Surgical approach to cervical spondylotic myelopathy on the basis of radiological patterns of compression: prospective analysis of 129 cases. (6/172)

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of degeneration of cervical intervertebral discs and facet joints. (7/172)

Compensatory cerebral adaptations before and evolving changes after surgical decompression in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. (8/172)