Splanchnic nerves. Medical search

The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses. The lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia.

The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ECTODERM, adrenal medulla consists mainly of CHROMAFFIN CELLS that produces and stores a number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS, mainly adrenaline (EPINEPHRINE) and NOREPINEPHRINE. The activity of the adrenal medulla is regulated by the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The biological science concerned with similarities or differences in the life-supporting functions and processes of different species.

A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the ADRENAL CORTEX producing STEROIDS and the ADRENAL MEDULLA producing NEUROTRANSMITTERS.

Excision of one or both adrenal glands. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine.

One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.

A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

Neurons which send impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.

The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.

The resection or removal of the nerve to an organ or part. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The interruption or removal of any part of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. Vagotomy may be performed for research or for therapeutic purposes.

An order of MAMMALS, usually flesh eaters with appropriate dentition. Suborders include the terrestrial carnivores Fissipedia, and the aquatic carnivores PINNIPEDIA.

The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).

Ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system including the paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia. Among these are the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia.

An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.

Surgical removal or destruction of the hypophysis, or pituitary gland. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

Peptide hormones secreted into the blood by cells in the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS of the pancreas. The alpha cells secrete glucagon; the beta cells secrete insulin; the delta cells secrete somatostatin; and the PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.

A 36-amino acid pancreatic hormone that is secreted mainly by endocrine cells found at the periphery of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS and adjacent to cells containing SOMATOSTATIN and GLUCAGON. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP), when administered peripherally, can suppress gastric secretion, gastric emptying, pancreatic enzyme secretion, and appetite. A lack of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been associated with OBESITY in rats and mice.

A complex network of nerve fibers including sympathetic and parasympathetic efferents and visceral afferents. The celiac plexus is the largest of the autonomic plexuses and is located in the abdomen surrounding the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries.

An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.

A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.

The cells of the body which stain with chromium salts. They occur along the sympathetic nerves, in the adrenal gland, and in various other organs.

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

The amount of a substance secreted by cells or by a specific organ or organism over a given period of time; usually applies to those substances which are formed by glandular tissues and are released by them into biological fluids, e.g., secretory rate of corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex, secretory rate of gastric acid by the gastric mucosa.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS, sensory or motor NEURONS. Endings of sensory neurons are the beginnings of afferent pathway to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endings of motor neurons are the terminals of axons at the muscle cells. Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS.

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).

A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.

Compounds containing the hexamethylenebis(trimethylammonium) cation. Members of this group frequently act as antihypertensive agents and selective ganglionic blocking agents.

The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and SALIVARY GLANDS, and convey afferent information for TASTE from the anterior two-thirds of the TONGUE and for TOUCH from the EXTERNAL EAR.

Treatment of muscles and nerves under pressure as a result of crush injuries.

Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.

The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.

A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).

A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.

An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of the DUODENUM.

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Glycogen stored in the liver. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.

The ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; and SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the HYPOTHALAMUS and the SOLITARY NUCLEUS, which receive information relayed from VISCERAL AFFERENTS.

The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included.

A tetradecapeptide originally obtained from the skins of toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. It is also an endogenous neurotransmitter in many animals including mammals. Bombesin affects vascular and other smooth muscle, gastric secretion, and renal circulation and function.

A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511)

The lower portion of the BRAIN STEM. It is inferior to the PONS and anterior to the CEREBELLUM. Medulla oblongata serves as a relay station between the brain and the spinal cord, and contains centers for regulating respiratory, vasomotor, cardiac, and reflex activities.

Cells that store epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia (PARAGANGLIA, CHROMAFFIN) of the sympathetic nervous system.

The separation and isolation of tissues for surgical purposes, or for the analysis or study of their structures.

The motor activity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.

NERVE GROWTH FACTOR is the first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence the growth and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. It is comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The beta subunit is responsible for its growth stimulating activity.

The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.

One of the three major families of endogenous opioid peptides. The enkephalins are pentapeptides that are widespread in the central and peripheral nervous systems and in the adrenal medulla.

The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate from cells of the TRIGEMINAL GANGLION and project to the TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.

The liquid secretion of the stomach mucosa consisting of hydrochloric acid (GASTRIC ACID); PEPSINOGENS; INTRINSIC FACTOR; GASTRIN; MUCUS; and the bicarbonate ion (BICARBONATES). (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p651)

Semidomesticated variety of European polecat much used for hunting RODENTS and/or RABBITS and as a laboratory animal. It is in the subfamily Mustelinae, family MUSTELIDAE.

Central autonomic activation by intracisternal TRH analogue excites gastric splanchnic afferent neurons. (1/282)

Intracisternal (ic) injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or its stable analogue RX 77368 influences gastric function via stimulation of vagal muscarinic pathways. In rats, the increase in gastric mucosal blood flow evoked by a low ic dose of RX 77368 occurs via release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons, most probably of spinal origin. In this study, the effect of low ic doses of RX 77368 on afferent impulse activity in splanchnic single fibers was investigated. The cisterna magna of overnight-fasted, urethan-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats was acutely cannulated, and fine splanchnic nerve twigs containing at least one fiber responsive to mechanical probing of the stomach were isolated at a site immediately distal to the left suprarenal ganglion. Unit mechanoreceptive fields were encountered in all portions of the stomach, both superficially and in deeper layers. Splanchnic afferent unit impulse activity was recorded continuously during basal conditions and in response to consecutive ic injections of saline and RX 77368 (15-30 min later; 1.5 or 3 ng). Basal discharge rates ranged from 0 to 154 impulses/min (median = 10.2 impulses/min). A majority of splanchnic single units with ongoing activity increased their mean discharge rate by >/=20% after ic injection of RX 77368 at either 1.5 ng (6/10 units; median increase 63%) or 3 ng (19/24 units; median increase 175%). Five units lacking impulse activity in the 5-min before ic RX 77368 (3 ng) were also excited, with the onset of discharge occurring within 1.0-5.0 min postinjection. In units excited by ic RX 77368, peak discharge occurred 15.6 +/- 1.3 min after injection and was followed by a decline to stable activity levels +info)

Circadian and other rhythmic activity of neurones in the ventromedial nuclei and lateral hypothalamic area. (2/282)

1. The frequency of firing was simultaneously recorded from single neurones of the ventromedial nuclei (VMN) and the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in urethane anaesthetized rats for many hours. 2. There were circadian changes of VMN and LHA neurone activity. The pattern of this circadian rhythm is as follows: throughout the day LHA neurones show higher activity than that of VMN, as indicated by higher frequency and more fluctuations in their rates of firing. In late afternoon the discharge rate of LHA neurones increases further, showing oscillations of short duration. In the early evening hours LHA neurone activity gradually goes down, as the VMN neurones become active. Throughout the night, VMN neurones are more active than those of LHA, just the opposite of the day period. In early morning hours VMN neurones gradually become quiet, while LHA neurones begin to show activity. 3. Superimposed on the circadian rhythm, at certain periods of the day, VMN and LHA neurones showed short duration oscillations in rate of firing, roughly every 7-15 sec and every 3-5 min. 4. Activities in neurones of the VMN and LHA were reciprocally related; a decrease in firing rate of one was associated with an increase in the other. This phenomenon was shown clearly by analysis of auto- and cross-correlation functions of firing patterns of VMN and LHA neurones. 5. The effects of stimulations of the prefrontal cortex and splanchnic afferents on VMN and LHA neurones depended on the basic firing frequency, thus they varied with the time of day. Definite relationships exist between basic firing frequency of a cell and the magnitude of changes evoked by these stimuli. Reactions of VMN and LHA neurones were the opposite in most instances. Septal stimulations (at more than 10/sec) always produced inhibition of LHA neurone activity. 6. Intravenous injection of glucose inhibited LHA neurones and accelerated firing of VMN cells. This was true during the day period as well as at night when background activities of VMN and LHA neurones were different from that of the day. 7. Stimulation of the septal area with subthreshold pulses at a low rate (1-0.3/sec) suppressed or altered oscillations in firing frequency of LHA neurones. Severance of connection between LHA and structures caudal thereto had no effect on LHA neurone firing rates or rhythms. Sections between the septal area and LHA, however, abolished or greatly altered the oscillatory rhythms of LHA cell activity, although spontaneous discharges continued at a somewhat lower rate for periods of hours. 8. Stimulation of suprachiasmatic nuclei with weak intensity and low frequency also changed oscillatory fluctuations in firing of LHA neurones. 9. Possible origins of circadian rhythm and oscillations of short duration in firing pattern of VMN and LHA neurones were discussed. (+info)

Effects of adrenomedullin and PAMP on adrenal catecholamine release in dogs. (3/282)

We examined the effects of proadrenomedullin-derived peptides on the release of adrenal catecholamines in response to cholinergic stimuli in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized dogs. Drugs were administered into the adrenal gland through the phrenicoabdominal artery. Splanchnic nerve stimulation (1, 2, and 3 Hz) and ACh injection (0.75, 1.5, and 3 microgram) produced frequency- or dose-dependent increases in adrenal catecholamine output. These responses were unaffected by infusion of adrenomedullin (1, 3, and 10 ng. kg-1. min-1) or its selective antagonist adrenomedullin-(22-52) (5, 15, and 50 ng. kg-1. min-1). Proadrenomedullin NH2-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP; 5, 15, and 50 ng. kg-1. min-1) suppressed both the splanchnic nerve stimulation- and ACh-induced increases in catecholamine output in a dose-dependent manner. PAMP also suppressed the catecholamine release responses to the nicotinic agonist 1, 1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (0.5, 1, and 2 microgram) and to muscarine (0.5, 1, and 2 microgram), although the muscarine-induced response was relatively resistant to PAMP. These results suggest that PAMP, but not adrenomedullin, can act as an inhibitory regulator of adrenal catecholamine release in vivo. (+info)

Effects of 17beta-estradiol on the baroreflex control of sympathetic activity in conscious ovariectomized rats. (4/282)

The effects of chronic treatment with 17beta-estradiol on baroreflex control of sympathetic activity were examined in conscious unrestrained ovariectomized rats. Baroreflex function was evaluated by logistic sigmoidal analysis of the relationships between changes in mean arterial pressure (MABP) and changes in heart rate (HR) and splanchnic nerve activity (SNA) when MABP was rapidly increased to 150 mmHg by intravenous phenylephrine after its reduction to 50 mmHg by intravenous nitroprusside. These baroreflex function curves were similar in vehicle- and estradiol-treated rats. However, after a 30-min infusion of vasopressin in vehicle-treated rats, the curve for HR was shifted downward, and the upper plateau and maximum gain for the SNA curve were reduced. These effects were abolished by estradiol. A 30-min phenylephrine infusion had no effect on the baroreflex curves. Thus estrogen can modulate the action of vasopressin on baroreflex control of sympathetic outflow and thereby participate in cardiovascular regulation. (+info)

Involvement of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in transmission of spinal visceral nociception in cat. (5/282)

AIM: To study the role of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors in processing nociceptive visceral information in the spinal cord. METHODS: The firing of spinal dorsal horn neurons to colorectal distension (3-15 kPa, 20 s) by inflation with air of latex balloon was recorded in 25 anesthetized cats. RESULTS: 1) According to the patterns of responses to colorectal distension, the neurons with increase and decrease in firing were classified as excitatory and inhibitory, respectively. The former consisted of 17 short-latency abrupt (SLA) neurons, 11 short-latency sustained (SLS) neurons, 9 long-latency (LL) neurons. The 15 inhibited (Inh) neurons were recorded. 2) Microelectrophoretic administration of NMDA, quisqualic acid (QA), and kainic acid (KA) activated 67.6%, 78.4%, and 59.5% of the colorectal distension-excited neurons tested. Also, 60%, 86.7%, and 53.3% of Inh neurons were activated by these 3 amino acids. 3) Colorectal distension-induced excitatory responses were reduced by 35% +/- 10% and 65% +/- 14% by a selective NMDA receptor antagonist d,l-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV) and a selective non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), respectively. Such DNQX-induced inhibition was significantly more potent than that by APV (P < 0.05). Colorectal distension-induced inhibitory responses were partially relieved by 30%-50% in 3/7 Inh neurons by DNQX, but not APV. CONCLUSION: Both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors are involved in transmission and/or modulation of spinal visceral nociceptive information and non-NMDA receptors may play more important role than NMDA receptors. (+info)

Rhythmic sympathetic nerve discharges in an in vitro neonatal rat brain stem-spinal cord preparation. (6/282)

To understand the origination of sympathetic nerve discharge (SND), I developed an in vitro brain stem-spinal cord preparation from neonatal rats. Ascorbic acid (3 mM) was added into the bath solution to increase the viability of preparations. At 24 degrees C, rhythmic SND (recorded from the splanchnic nerve) was consistently observed, but it became quiescent at <16 degrees C. Respiratory-related SND (rSND) was discernible and was well correlated with C(4) root activity. Power spectral analysis of SND revealed a dominant 2-Hz oscillation. In most preparations (86%), such oscillation was persistent, whereas it only slightly reduced its magnitude after isolation from the brain stem. The removal of neural structures rostral to the superior cerebellar artery (equivalent to the level of facial nuclei) reduced rSND, increased tonic SND, but did not affect the temporal coupling between SND and C(4) root activity. Our data suggest a prominent contribution of SND from the neural mechanisms confined within the neonatal rat spinal cord. This ascorbic acid-enhanced in vitro preparation is a very useful model to study neural mechanisms underlying sympathorespiratory integration. (+info)

Role of ET(B) receptors and nitric oxide in adrenal catecholamine secretion in anesthetized dogs. (7/282)

We examined the effects of sarafotoxin 6c (S6c), an endothelin-B (ET(B)) receptor agonist, on adrenal catecholamine secretion in response to cholinergic stimuli in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized dogs. Drugs were administered intra-arterially into the adrenal gland through the phrenicoabdominal artery. Infusion of S6c attenuated increases in adrenal catecholamine output induced by splanchnic nerve stimulation. The inhibitory effect of S6c on the catecholamine secretion response was suppressed with a selective ET(B) receptor antagonist N-cis 2, 6-dimethylpiperidinocarbonyl-L-gamma-methylleucyl-D-1-methoxycarbonyl tryptophanyl-D-norleucine (BQ-788), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, and a neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole monosodium salt (7-NINA). Similar results were obtained with the catecholamine secretion response induced by injection of ACh. 7-NINA alone did not affect these catecholamine secretion responses. These results suggest that ET(B) receptors play an inhibitory role in adrenal catecholamine secretion by activating neuronal NOS, whereas neuronal NOS is unlikely to be involved in regulation of adrenal catecholamine secretion in the absence of simultaneous ET(B) receptor stimulation. (+info)

Bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy: effects on pancreatic pain and function. (8/282)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively the effect of bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy on pancreatic pain and function. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Severe pain is often the dominant symptom in pancreatic disease, despite a wide variety of methods used for symptom relief. Refinement of thoracoscopic technique has led to the introduction of thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy in the treatment of pancreatic pain. METHODS: Forty-four patients, 23 with pancreatic cancer and 21 with chronic pancreatitis, were included in the study and underwent bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy. Effects on pain (visual analogue scale) and pancreatic function (standard secretin test, basal serum glucose, plasma insulin, and C-peptide) were measured. RESULTS: Four patients (9%) required thoracotomy because of bleeding. There were no procedure-related deaths. The mean duration of follow-up was 3 months for cancer and 43 months for pancreatitis. Pain relief was evident in the first postoperative week and was sustained during follow-up, the average pain score being reduced by 50%. All patients showed a decrease in consumption of analgesics. Neither endocrine nor exocrine function was adversely affected by the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy is beneficial in the treatment of pancreatic pain and is not associated with deterioration of pancreatic function. (+info)

Types of Peripheral Nerve Injuries:

1. Traumatic Nerve Injury: This type of injury occurs due to direct trauma to the nerve, such as a blow or a crush injury.
2. Compression Neuropathy: This type of injury occurs when a nerve is compressed or pinched, leading to damage or disruption of the nerve signal.
3. Stretch Injury: This type of injury occurs when a nerve is stretched or overstretched, leading to damage or disruption of the nerve signal.
4. Entrapment Neuropathy: This type of injury occurs when a nerve is compressed or trapped between two structures, leading to damage or disruption of the nerve signal.

Symptoms of Peripheral Nerve Injuries:

1. Weakness or paralysis of specific muscle groups
2. Numbness or tingling in the affected area
3. Pain or burning sensation in the affected area
4. Difficulty with balance and coordination
5. Abnormal reflexes
6. Incontinence or other bladder or bowel problems

Causes of Peripheral Nerve Injuries:

1. Trauma, such as a car accident or fall
2. Sports injuries
3. Repetitive strain injuries, such as those caused by repetitive motions in the workplace or during sports activities
4. Compression or entrapment of nerves, such as carpal tunnel syndrome or tarsal tunnel syndrome
5. Infections, such as Lyme disease or diphtheria
6. Tumors or cysts that compress or damage nerves
7. Vitamin deficiencies, such as vitamin B12 deficiency
8. Autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus
9. Toxins, such as heavy metals or certain chemicals

Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injuries:

1. Physical therapy to improve strength and range of motion
2. Medications to manage pain and inflammation
3. Surgery to release compressed nerves or repair damaged nerves
4. Electrical stimulation therapy to promote nerve regeneration
5. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy to stimulate healing
6. Stem cell therapy to promote nerve regeneration
7. Injection of botulinum toxin to relieve pain and reduce muscle spasticity
8. Orthotics or assistive devices to improve mobility and function

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of a peripheral nerve injury, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent long-term damage and improve outcomes.

Lumbar splanchnic nerves Sacral splanchnic nerves Pelvic splanchnic nerves Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. ... The term splanchnic nerves can refer to: Cardiopulmonary nerves Thoracic splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, and least) ... The splanchnic nerves are paired visceral nerves (nerves that contribute to the innervation of the internal organs), carrying ... All carry sympathetic fibers except for the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which carry parasympathetic fibers. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splanchnic_nerves

The lumbar splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk and travel to an ... These nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic and general visceral afferent fibers. The site of synapse is found in the ... figures/chapter_32/32-6.HTM: Basic Human Anatomy at Dartmouth Medical School v t e (Articles with TA98 identifiers, Nerves, All ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_splanchnic_nerves

... are splanchnic nerves that connect the inferior hypogastric plexus to the sympathetic trunk in the ... They are found in the same region as the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which arise from the sacral spinal nerves to provide ... Pelvic splanchnic nerves Anatomy photo:44:11-0100 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The Male Pelvis: The Posterolateral ... The sacral sympathetic nerves arise from the sacral part of the sympathetic trunk, emerging anteriorly from the ganglia. They ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacral_splanchnic_nerves

... or nervi erigentes are splanchnic nerves that arise from sacral spinal nerves S2, S3, S4 to provide ... the pelvic splanchnic nerves are the sacral component. They are in the same region as the sacral splanchnic nerves, which arise ... The pelvic splanchnic nerves arise from the anterior rami of the sacral spinal nerves S2, S3, and S4, and enter the sacral ... The pelvic splanchnic nerves contribute to the innervation of the pelvic and genital organs. The nerves regulate the emptying ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_splanchnic_nerves

... are splanchnic nerves that arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to ... There are three main thoracic splanchnic nerves. Greater splanchnic nerve, seen in thoracic cavity seen from left side. The ... Thoracic splanchnic nerves Kline, Matthew T. (2007-01-01), Waldman, Steven D.; Bloch, Joseph I. (eds.), "chapter 169 - ... "Increasing Blood Pressure by Greater Splanchnic Nerve Stimulation: a Feasibility Study". Journal of Cardiovascular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_splanchnic_nerves

sacral splanchnic nerves, from the sympathetic trunk. pelvic splanchnic nerves (from the second, third, and fourth sacral ... At this location, the presacral nerve sits in the middle in only 25% of people and is more commonly present on the left. ... The inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexus in some texts) is a network (plexus) of nerves that supplies the organs of the ... Superior hypogastric plexus Hypogastric nerve This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_hypogastric_plexus

The lumbar splanchnic nerves terminate here, among other places. Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott ... The Intermesenteric plexus is a nerve plexus on the abdominal aorta, between the exits of the superior and inferior mesenteric ... Page 164 v t e (Articles with TA98 identifiers, Nerve plexus, All stub articles, Neuroanatomy stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermesenteric_plexus

Sympathetic innervation is supplied by the thoracic splanchnic nerves. The ascending colon is on the right side of the body ( ... Parasympathetic innervation to the ascending colon is supplied by the vagus nerve. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascending_colon

... are splanchnic nerves that are postsynaptic and sympathetic. They originate in cervical and upper ... Parasympathetic cardiopulmonary nerves arise from the recurrent laryngeal nerves and the thoracic vagus immediately distal to ... All major sympathetic cardiopulmonary nerves arise from the stellate ganglia and the caudal halves of the cervical sympathetic ... These interconnect with the sympathetic cardiopulmonary nerves to form the ventral and dorsal cardiopulmonary plexuses. Moore, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_nerves

The pelvic splanchnic nerves run on top of the ligament. This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1260 of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterosacral_ligament

Pelvic splanchnic nerves are the primary source for parasympathetic innervation. Lumbar splanchnic nerves provide sympathetic ... Behind the sigmoid colon are the external iliac vessels, ovary, obturator nerve, the left Piriformis, and left sacral plexus of ... nerves. In front, it is separated from the bladder in the male, and the uterus in the female, by some coils of the small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmoid_colon

Elevated PNMT levels can also be triggered by splanchnic nerve impulses. Nerve impulses increase the synthesis of PNMT mRNA by ... An increase in stress hormones or nerve impulses due to stress can cause PNMT to convert more norepinephrine into epinephrine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylethanolamine_N-methyltransferase

Empirically proven effects include splanchnic sympathetic nerve discharge and increased arterial pressure. The nerve discharge ... Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are found in the post-synaptic membranes of nerve cells. These receptors are an example of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epibatidine

... a small collection of nerve bodies on the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve. MedicineNet (article on Lobstein's Disease) Jean ... Lobstein's ganglion: Also known as the thoracic splanchnic ganglion; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Lobstein

... upper part of each ganglion joined by the greater splanchnic nerve and the lower parts joined by the lesser splanchnic nerve. ... Sympathetic innervation is supplied by the splanchnic nerves that join the celiac ganglia. Most of the digestive tract is ... The taste buds are innervated by a branch of the facial nerve the chorda tympani, and the glossopharyngeal nerve. Taste ... The pharynx is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus of the vagus nerve.: 1465 Muscles in the pharynx push the food into the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_digestive_system

internal iliac artery median sacral artery ovarian artery sacral plexus splanchnic nerves femoral nerve (greater pelvis) The ... The pelvic splanchnic nerves arising at S2-S4 are in the lesser pelvis. The greater pelvis (or false pelvis) is the space ... The femoral nerve from L2-L4 is in the greater pelvis, but not in the lesser pelvis. ... The pelvic cavity also contains major arteries, veins, muscles, and nerves. These structures coexist in a crowded space, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_cavity

Engeland, W. (2007). "Functional Innervation of the Adrenal Cortex by the Splanchnic Nerve". Hormone and Metabolic Research. 30 ... from nerve terminals in the adrenal medulla in the kidney innervated from the sympathetic nervous system's splanchnic nerve. ... and this is inhibited by norepinephrine released under sympathetic control from the splanchnic nerve). Thyroid hormones can ... Kin, N. W.; Sanders, V. M. (2006). "It takes nerve to tell T and B cells what to do". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 79 (6): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_top–down_control_of_physiology

... of the sympathetic chain also give rise to the lumbar splanchnic nerves. Splanchnic nerves are paired visceral nerves carrying ... The lumbar splanchnic nerves travel through the lumbar sympathetic ganglion but do not synapse there. Instead, they synapse at ... The lumbar splanchnic nerves arise from the ganglia here, and contribute sympathetic efferent fibers to the nearby plexuses. ... McCausland, Cassidy; Sajjad, Hussain (2020), "Anatomy, Back, Splanchnic Nerve", StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing, PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_ganglia

Splanchnic nerves of the sympathetic nervous system innervate the medulla of the adrenal gland. When activated, it evokes the ... Because it is innervated by preganglionic nerve fibers, the adrenal medulla can be considered as a specialized sympathetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_gland

Lister then connected a magnetic coil battery to the splanchnic nerves in the spinal cord. When the current was applied, the ... Lister dismissed the idea of inhibitory nerves believing that nerves were responsible for both increased and decreased muscle ... where Pflüger proposed that the splanchnic nerves instead of exciting the intestine muscle layer that they are connected to, ... He concluded that activity in the gut was under the control of bowel wall nerves and had been stimulated due to loss of blood. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lister

... erection is mediated primarily by the parasympathetic nervous system via pelvic splanchnic nerves. The hypogastric nerve may be ... The hypogastric nerve enters the sympathetic chain at T12-L3. The hypogastric nerve begins where the superior hypogastric ... The hypogastric nerve is the nerve that transitions between the superior hypogastric plexus and the inferior hypogastric plexus ... Each of these divisions is considered a hypogastric nerve. The hypogastric nerve continues inferiorly on its corresponding side ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypogastric_nerve

Sympathetic innervation is from the Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L2), parasympathetic innervation is from S2-S4. Abdominal part ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindgut

... are cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves that allows the sympathetic nervous system's stimulation of the heart. ... While accelerator nerves increases the heart rate which then increase blood pressure, accelerans nerve speeds it up by emitting ... Accelerator nerves also play an important role in controlling heart rate in birds. "The Accelerator Nerves". chestofbooks.com. ... The accelerator nerves increases the heart rate. It causes the heart to beat with more force, which then increases blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerator_nerve

Signals from these pathways travel via multiple neural tracts including the vagus, glossopharyngeal, splanchnic, and ... sympathetic nerves. Signals from any of these pathways then travel to the brainstem, activating several structures including ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nausea

Also, a number of nerves, such as most of the splanchnic nerves, arise directly from the trunks. The formation of the spinal ... It allows nerve fibres to travel to spinal nerves that are superior and inferior to the one in which they originated. ... The sympathetic trunks (sympathetic chain, gangliated cord) are a paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the ... It interacts with the anterior rami of spinal nerves by way of rami communicantes. The sympathetic trunk permits preganglionic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_trunk

It has also been shown that stimulation of the splanchnic nerve increases glucagon secretion. Both of these findings together ... It appears that stimulation of the splanchnic nerve lowers plasma insulin levels possibly through the action of α2 ... or the celiac and mesenteric ganglia via the splanchnic nerves. The catecholaminergic neurons of these ganglia innervate the ... Electrical and pharmacological stimulation of the Vagus nerve increases secretion of glucagon and insulin in most mammalian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_cell

... splanchnic nerves are the nerves that innervate thoracic and abdominal viscera). The lesser splanchnic nerve travels from the ... The least, or lowest, splanchnic nerve connects the T12 level to the renal plexus. The lumbar splanchnic nerves from the upper ... The greater splanchnic nerve leaves the vertebral levels T5-T9 and synapses in the abdomen in the celiac ganglia, which ... In addition, some thoracic fibers in the splanchnic nerves innervate the adrenal medulla, a ganglion in the abdomen that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_grey_column

... by the splanchnic nerves of the autonomic nervous system. Blood flows through the liver sinusoids and empties into the central ... This extends into the structure of the liver by accompanying the blood vessels, ducts, and nerves at the hepatic hilum. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver

Examples of splanchnic (visceral) nerves are: Cervical cardiac nerves and thoracic visceral nerves, which synapse in the ... specifically the oculomotor nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve) and sacral (S2-S4) spinal cord. The ... Cranial nerve III), Submandibular (Cranial nerve VII), Pterygopalatine (Cranial nerve VII), and Otic (Cranial nerve IX) In or ... Nerves of the peripheral nervous system are involved in the erection of genital tissues via the pelvic splanchnic nerves 2-4. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system

The visceral pleurae are innervated by splanchnic nerves from the pulmonary plexus, which also innervates the lungs and bronchi ... The mediastinal pleurae and central portions of the diaphragmatic pleurae are innervated by the phrenic nerves. which branches ... Only the parietal pleurae contain somatosensory nerves and are capable of perceiving pain. During the third week of ... The parietal pleurae however, like their blood supplies, receive nerve supplies from different sources. The costal pleurae ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleural_cavity

The upper nerve supply arrives from cell bodies at the levels of T5-T9, leaves the sympathetic chain by the greater splanchnic ... Below this the least splanchnic nerve arises from T12 and leaves the sympathetic chain to synapse at the "renal plexus." This ... Below this the lesser splanchnic nerve arises from T10-T11, leaves the sympathetic chain and synapses at the aorticorenal ... Basic Human Anatomy at Dartmouth Medical School The preganglionic ventral root of the least splanchnic nerve originates from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aorticorenal_ganglion

The upper part of each ganglion is joined by the greater splanchnic nerve, while the lower part, which is segmented off and ... receives the lesser splanchnic nerve and gives off the greater part of the renal plexus. These ganglia contain neurons whose ... via the superior ovarian nerve, to modifications in ovarian steroidogenesis. Most of the fibers of the superior ovarian nerve ... The celiac ganglia or coeliac ganglia are two large irregularly shaped masses of nerve tissue in the upper abdomen. Part of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celiac_ganglia

The plexus is formed in part by the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves of both sides, and fibers from the anterior and ... Nerve plexus, Nerves of the torso, Vagus nerve). ... also known as the solar plexus because of its radiating nerve ... fibers, is a complex network of nerves located in the abdomen, near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celiac_plexus

... may refer to: pelvic splanchnic nerve sacral nerves, the spinal nerves that arise from vertebral column through ... The roots of these nerves begin inside of the vertebral column in the level of the L1 vertebra and they extend until the sacrum ... forming a structure called the cauda equina This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Pelvic nerve. If ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_nerve

... glossopharyngeal nerve (otic ganglion) vagus nerve (no named ganglion) pelvic splanchnic nerves Histology image: 04601loa - ... oculomotor nerve (ciliary ganglion) facial nerve (pterygopalatine ganglion, submandibular ganglion) ... The motor root carries presynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibers (GVE) that terminate in the ganglion and synapse with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_ganglia

... tract spinocerebellum spinocervical pathway spinothalamic tract spinous process spiral ganglion splanchnic nerves spleen ... cranial cranial autonomic ganglia cranial bone cranial nerve ganglia cranial nerve lesion cranial nerve nuclei cranial nerves ... abducens nerve abducens nucleus abducent abducent nerve abduction accessory bone accessory cuneate nucleus accessory nerve ... palatine canal greater palatine foramen greater palatine nerve greater petrosal nerve greater superficial petrosal nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_anatomy_articles

... nerves Splanchnic mesoderm Splanchnic circulation - the circulation of the gastrointestinal tract originating at the ... Splanchnic is usually used to describe organs in the abdominal cavity. It is used when describing: Splanchnic tissue Splanchnic ... "splanchnic". Online Etymology Dictionary. Autonomics of the Head and Neck - Page 4 of 14 anatomy module at med.umich.edu Rosse ... van Wijck K, Lenaerts K, van Loon LJ, Peters WH, Buurman WA, Dejong C (2011). "Exercise-induced splanchnic hypoperfusion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splanchnic

... while sympathetic innervation is from the lesser splanchnic nerve. Malrotation of the midgut during development can lead to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midgut

... left phrenic nerve pierce through the central tendon, greater, lesser, and least thoracic splanchnic nerves pierced through ... The diaphragm is primarily innervated by the phrenic nerve which is formed from the cervical nerves C3, C4 and C5. While the ... The most common damage to the phrenic nerve is by bronchial cancer, which usually only affects one side of the diaphragm. Other ... If either the phrenic nerve, cervical spine or brainstem is damaged, this will sever the nervous supply to the diaphragm. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragm

When a great deal of blood is diverted to the intestines (a kind of "splanchnic blood pooling") to facilitate digestion and ... Vasovagal syncope occurs as a result of increased activity of the vagus nerve, the mainstay of the parasympathetic nervous ... Blood pressure is continuously regulated by the autonomic nervous system, using an elaborate network of receptors, nerves, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypotension

Her micro-droid reaches the nerve, and hacks the rest of the micro-droid crew to pieces with an axe. The Professor tells her ... The crew make their way into Fry's bowel, and fight their way to the pelvic splanchnic ganglion, intending to cause a massive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasites_Lost

In order to activate chromaffin cells, the splanchnic nerve of the sympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine, which ... Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are innervated by the splanchnic nerve and secrete adrenaline (epinephrine), ... Chromaffin cells also settle near the vagus nerve and carotid arteries. In lower concentrations, extra-adrenal chromaffin cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cell

Specifically, contributions to the superior mesenteric ganglion arise from the lesser splanchnic nerve, which typically arises ... This nerve goes on to innervate the jejunum, the ileum, the ascending colon and the transverse colon. While the sympathetic ... The superior mesenteric ganglion is the synapsing point for one of the pre- and post-synaptic nerves of the sympathetic ... parasympathetic innervation is done by the vagus nerve, which travels along the plexuses that arise from the anterior and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_ganglion

... lower thoracic splanchnic nerves and first lumbar splanchnic nerve and aortic plexus. The nerves from these sources, fifteen or ... Nerve plexus, Nerves of the torso, Kidney, All stub articles, Neuroanatomy stubs). ... The renal plexus is a complex network of nerves formed by filaments from the celiac ganglia and plexus, aorticorenal ganglia, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_plexus

For example, the gland's tissue that makes the hormones is the parenchyma, whereas the stroma includes the nerves that ... The adjective visceral, also splanchnic, is used for anything pertaining to the internal organs. Historically, viscera of ... Nervous system: collecting, transferring and processing information with brain, spinal cord and nerves. Reproductive system: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_(biology)

The splanchnic depends on a continuous layer that covers the yolk sac. The two layers cover the intraembryonic cavity. The ... The myotome and dermatome have a nerve component. Surrounding structures such as the notochord, neural tube, epidermis and ... The lateral plate mesoderm splits into parietal (somatic) and visceral (splanchnic) layers. The formation of these layers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoderm

In addition to gray rami communicantes, the ganglia send off sacral splanchnic nerves to join the inferior hypogastric plexus. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacral_ganglia

... ganglia Greater splanchnic nerve Lesser splanchnic nerve Least splanchnic nerve Lumbar ganglia Lumbar splanchnic nerves Sacral ... nerve of forearm Median nerve Ulnar nerve Radial nerve Axillary nerve Thoracic nerves Lumbar nerves Medial clunial nerves ... nerve Deep fibular nerve Tibial nerve Interosseous nerve of leg Medial sural cutaneous nerve Sural nerve Medial plantar nerve ... nerves Dorsal nerve of clitoris Dorsal nerve of penis Coccygeal nerve Anococcygeal nerve Sciatic nerve Common fibular nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_human_nervous_system

Synaptotagmin-7 facilitates acetylcholine release in splanchnic nerve-chromaffin cell synapses during nerve activity. ... Synaptotagmin-7 facilitates acetylcholine release in splanchnic nerve-chromaffin cell syna ... These data reveal, for the first time, a role for any synaptotagmin at the splanchnic-chromaffin cell synapse. They also ... Splanchnic inputs also display robust short-term presynaptic facilitation, which is compromised in the absence of Syt7. ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-36796621

Splanchnic Nerve Neurolysis. Splanchnicectomy may disrupt more nerve pathways than celiac plexus neurolysis and is a better ... The celiac plexus is a dense network of nerves that innervates the upper abdominal organs. Pain may be relieved by inhibiting ...

https://www.netce.com/coursecontent.php?courseid=2220&productid=&scrollTo=chap.7

Action of direct cervical and splanchnic nerve stimulation. J Clin Invest 1979;63:562-570. , ChemPort , ... Phrenic nerves formed by the branches of C5, C6, and C7 nerve roots provide both motor and sensory innervation to the crural ... In the opossum, intrinsic gastric nerves independent of extrinsic nerves can induce LES relaxation.142 However, it seems ... 138 Section of splanchnic nerves (sympathectomy) does not affect the induction of TLESR.139 The absence of TLESRs in patients ...

https://www.nature.com/gimo/contents/pt1/full/gimo14.html?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d26a692e-4d34-4fb0-9a38-77d5d9dae669

Influence of section and stimulation of the splanchnic nerve upon the secretion of chlorides by the kidneys; also on the ...

https://indexcat.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?&v:project=indexcat&v:sources=indexcat&sortby=ID&binning-state=serieNumber%3d%3dSeries%203,%201918-1932%0alanguage%3d%3dPolish%0aserieVolume%3d%3dVolume%20008&

... Nerve: Splenic plexus The celiac ganglia with the sympathetic plexuses of the abdominal viscera radiating from ... splanchnic nerves: Pelvic splanchnic nerves - Sacral splanchnic nerves. All. Rami communicans (White, Gray) - Preganglionic ... Ciliary ganglion (Short ciliary nerves) - Pterygopalatine ganglion (Nerve of pterygoid canal) - Submandibular ganglion - Otic ... hypogastric nerve, Superior rectal) - Inferior hypogastric (Vesical, Prostatic/Cavernous nerves of penis, Uterovaginal, Middle ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Splenic_plexus.html

3. Thoracic splanchnic nerves: implications for splanchnic denervation.. Naidoo N; Partab P; Pather N; Moodley J; Singh B; ... 2. Anatomy of thoracic splanchnic nerves for surgical resection.. Yang HJ; Gil YC; Lee WJ; Kim TJ; Lee HY. Clin Anat; 2008 Mar ... 8. A review of the thoracic splanchnic nerves and celiac ganglia.. Loukas M; Klaassen Z; Merbs W; Tubbs RS; Gielecki J; Zurada ... Anatomical bases of the transhiatus approach to the greater splanchnic nerve.. Crespy B; Delpero JR; Brunet C; Argème M. Anat ...

https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=26159486&mod=related&page=1&outid=&proj=

greater and lesser right splanchnic nerves three lesser aperture of left crus. greater and lesser left splanchnic nerves and ... inferior vena cava, and some branches of the right phrenic nerve esophageal hiatus. T10. esophagus, the vagus nerves, and some ... The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve. Crura and central tendon. At their origins the crura are tendinous in ... One has more control over the abdominals and intercostals than the actual diaphragm, which lacks proprioceptive nerve endings. ...

https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Thoracic_diaphragm

Then, prions reach the CNS via splanchnic nerves at the level of the thoracic spinal cord and via parasympathetic fibers ... Prions accumulate in cells of the LRS, most prominently in the follicular dendritic cells and in sympathetic nerve endings in ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1169688-overview

Splanchnic Nerves Preferred Concept UI. M0020363. Scope Note. The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen ... Splanchnic Nerves Preferred Term Term UI T038671. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1966). ... Splanchnic Nerves. Tree Number(s). A08.800.050.050.800. A08.800.050.800.800. A08.800.800.060.800. Unique ID. D013153. RDF ... The lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013153

Perfusion and metabolism of liver and splanchnic nerve area under sevoflurane anesthesia]. Schindler E, Hempelmann G. Schindler ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=31644158

... controls adrenomedullary catecholamine secretion and expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes at high splanchnic nerve ...

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/research/research-conducted-at-nimh/research-areas/clinics-and-labs/lcmr/smn/selected-publications

Oculomotor Nerve A08.800.050.050.800 Splanchnic Nerves A08.800.050.050.850 Submucous Plexus A08.800.050.050.925 Vagus Nerve ... Oculomotor Nerve A08.800.800.060.800 Splanchnic Nerves A08.800.800.060.840 Submucous Plexus A08.800.800.060.920 Vagus Nerve ... Cranial Nerves A08.800.800.120.030 Abducens Nerve A08.800.800.120.060 Accessory Nerve A08.800.800.120.250 Facial Nerve A08.800. ... Hypoglossal Nerve A08.800.800.120.600 Oculomotor Nerve A08.800.800.120.640 Olfactory Nerve A08.800.800.120.680 Optic Nerve ...

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2019/download/2019New_Mesh_Tree_Hierarchy.txt

We also show an RYGB-specific increase in splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity and "browning" of visceral mesenteric fat. ... to obese mice mimics RYGB-specific effects on energy balance and splanchnic nerve activity. On the other hand, ... Consequently, selective splanchnic denervation abolishes all beneficial metabolic outcomes of gastric bypass that involve ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=4005682

... bilateral abdominal vagotomy and greater splanchnic nerve section, or pretreatment with a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. ... Serotonin receptors of the 5-HT3 type are present both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals and centrally in the chemoreceptor ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=8e66d883-2977-46c3-be24-41eba7a903b3

... greater splanchnic nerve T6)--, inhibits smooth m. contraction and vasoconstricts arteries.; Parasymp: vagus nerve ---, ... What nerves innervate the parietal and visceral peritoneum? Parietal: innervated by somatic sensory nerves; Visceral: sensory ... Irritation of the diaphragm is signalled by the phrenic nerve to the shoulder. Kehrs sign in the left shoulder is a classic ... Where are the cell bodies of visceral afferent nerve fibers? Dorsal root ganglion concentrated at three sites: Celiac, Superior ...

https://freezingblue.com/flashcards/63683/preview/peritoneal-esophagusandstomach

Nerve, Splanchnic. Nerves, Splanchnic. Splanchnic Nerve. Tree number(s):. A08.800.050.050.800. A08.800.050.800.800. A08.800. ... Splanchnic Nerves - Preferred Concept UI. M0020363. Scope note. The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the ... The lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ... The lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=13537&filter=ths_exact_term&q=SPLANCHNIC+NERVES

https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013153

Visceral afferents from the urethra run in the pelvic splanchnic nerves *Lymphatic Drainage • Lymphatic drainage of the ... The nerve supply to the female urethra arises from the vesical plexus and the pudendal nerve. • ... The nerve supply to the male urethra is derived from the prostatic plexus, which contains a mixture of sympathetic, ...

https://pt.slideshare.net/matslove/anatomy-of-urethrapptx

... phsf lumbar splanchnic nerves,lumbar splanchnic nerve,C0229021,structure of lumbar splanchnic nerve,bpoc t5-t6 facet joint,t5- ... gngm second lumbar splanchnic nerve,second lumbar splanchnic nerve,C0502168,second lumbar splanchnic nerve,bpoc corpus ... gngm digital nerve of foot,digital nerve of foot,C0576792,digital nerve of foot,bpoc body of right first rib,body of right ... blor digital nerve of third toe,digital nerve of third toe,C0730445,digital nerve of third toe,bpoc nbea,nbea,C1417603,nbea, ...

https://lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov/LSG/Projects/CSpell/docs/designDoc/UDF/Dictionary/Sources/DinaData/umls_anatomy_merged.txt

Journal Article] Intraoperative electrical stimulation of the pelvic splanchnic nerves during nerve-sparing radical ... Journal Article] Intraoperative electrical stimulation of the pelvic splanchnic nerves during nerve-sparing radical ... nerve stimulation system / nerve spearing operation … More Except Principal Investigator. 前立腺癌 / ハーセプチン / 遺伝子導入 / Her-2 / 遺伝子多型 ... EFFECTS OF NERVE SPEARING OPERATION IN TERMS OF FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY ON PRESERVATION FOR ERECTILE, EJACULATING AND BLADDER ...

https://nrid.nii.ac.jp/en/nrid/1000050225281/

CPT elicited an immediate increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and greater splanchnic nerve activity ( ... CPT elicited an immediate increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and greater splanchnic nerve activity ( ... CPT elicited an immediate increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and greater splanchnic nerve activity ( ... CPT elicited an immediate increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and greater splanchnic nerve activity ( ...

https://www.researchwithnj.com/en/publications/cold-pressor-test-in-the-rat-medullary-and-spinal-pathways-and-ne

Influence of section and stimulation of the splanchnic nerve upon the secretion of chlorides by the kidneys; also on the ...

https://www.indexcat.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?&v:project=indexcat&v:sources=indexcat&sortby=ID&binning-state=serieNumber%3d%3dSeries%203,%201918-1932%0aserieVolume%3d%3dVolume%20008%0alanguage%3d%3dPolish&

Splanchnic Nerves. The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The greater, lesser, and lowest (or ... Tibial NerveMedian NerveNerve BlockPeripheral Nerve InjuriesNerve CrushUlnar NerveFacial NerveOphthalmic NerveTrigeminal Nerve ... UnmyelinatedAxonsTibial NerveMedian NerveUlnar NerveFacial NerveOphthalmic NerveTrigeminal NerveSpinal Nerve RootsSpinal Nerves ... Nerve FibersSciatic NerveNerve Fibers, MyelinatedOptic NervePeripheral NervesNerve RegenerationOptic Nerve DiseasesDietary ...

https://lookformedical.com/en/definitions/nerve-fibers

Pelvic splanchnic nerves S2, 3,4,5. *Contain parasympathetic preganglionic and sensory fibres. ... The third and fourth sacral and occassionaly the second or fifth also, give off the pelvic splanchnic nerves which help form ... Nerve to sphincter ani externus. S4. *sphincter ani externus as well as the surrounding and subcutaneous tissue ... Formed by ventral rami of the fifth sacral and the coccygeal nerve which join the lower division of the ventral ramus of the ...

https://oganatomy.org/projanat/gross/41/three.htm

Splanchnic Nerve 8% * Wellbeing 8% Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology. * Axon 8% ...

https://researchnow.flinders.edu.au/en/publications/spinal-afferent-innervation-of-the-colon-and-rectum/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

The sympathetic trunk and the splanchnic nerves pierce, or pass posterior to the diaphragm; the last thoracic nerve passes ... Nerve-Supply. It is supplied by nerves from the anterior rami of the second, third, and fourth cervical nerves. ... The intermediate part of the crus is the crus intermedium; the splanchnic nerves pierce the diaphragm between it and the medial ... Nerve-Supply. The loop between the anterior rami of the first two cervical nerves. ...

https://books.google.co.ma/books?pg=PA470&vq=portion&dq=editions:STANFORD24501703216&id=TdflAHpC8XkC&hl=fr&output=html_text

The hastening of coagulation by stimulating the splanchnic nerves. Am J Physiol 34: 243-250, 1914. Cannon. W. B.. Mendenhall, W ... occurs mainly in individuals with a nutritional deficiency which presumably renders the retina or optic nerve unduly sensitive ...

http://collections.nlm.nih.gov/ocr/nlm:nlmuid-101584932X217-doc

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers en route to abdominal organs become thoracic splanchnic nerves. Thoracic splanchnic nerves are ... Sympathetic trunk and splanchnic nerves. B. Sympathetic pathways: (1) Synapse in a paravertebral ganglion at the same level; (2 ... T10-T11 unite to form the lesser splanchnic nerve, which pierces the crus of the diaphragm and ends in the aorticorenal ... T5-T9 unite to form the greater splanchnic nerve, which perforates the crus of the diaphragm or occasionally passes through the ...

https://aneskey.com/superior-and-posterior-mediastina/

These fibers, which the splanchnic nerve fibers in spite of dif- conditions being clearly resemibles. All directions towards ... Further treatment, and splanchnic region of fibrin or weakness. Above all resolved into the idea to the rush in Ambien Online ... And included thorough exposure to all of the nerve influence it. So it has no attempt be attracted blood is no other sources. ... in the nerve. The cornea must be determined merely terms have the when lit. The first time past seventy millions of the other. ...

https://www.norcalhobbies.com/l19iu08c

li, Autonomous Nervous System, Splanchnic and Hypogastric Nerves. Skull Base, Head, Scalp and Face; Surgical Pathologies of the ... Femoral Triangle, Thigh, Popliteal Fossa; Lower Leg, Ankle and Foot (includes Lower Limb Nerve Injuries, Nerve Palsies, ... Cubital Fossa, Forearm, Flexor Retinaculum and Hand (includes Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Ulnar and Median Nerve Palsies, and Hand ... Brachial Plexus, Arm, Shoulder, Scapula, Back, Axilla and Rotator Cuff (includes Upper Limb Nerve Injuries, Palsies, Shoulder ...

https://coursefinder.bmj.com/course-details/4109/cardiff-mrcs-course-basic-sciences-and-clinical-application-for-mrcs-a/?porder=Exam+preparation%7CUnited+Kingdom%7CNew+Doctor%2FIntern+

Journal Article] Pelvic autonomic nerve mapping around the prostate by intraoperative electrical stimulation with simultaneous measurement of intracavernous and intraurethral pressure. (nii.ac.jp)
Journal Article] Intraoperative electrical stimulation of the pelvic splanchnic nerves during nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy. (nii.ac.jp)
The ventral rami of the first four sacral nerves emerge from the sacral canal through the pelvic sacral foramina. (oganatomy.org)
The third and fourth sacral and occassionaly the second or fifth also, give off the pelvic splanchnic nerves which help form the autonomic plexus within the pelvis. (oganatomy.org)
Originated from pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4). (earthslab.com)

Descending sympathetic information is conveyed to the adrenal medulla via preganglionic splanchnic fibers. (bvsalud.org)
The greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses. (nih.gov)
They receive preganglionic sympathetic axons via the thoracic splanchnic nerves. (unboundmedicine.com)
they receive preganglionic sympathetic innervation primarily from the greater thoracic splanchnic nerves. (unboundmedicine.com)
This ganglion receives preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the midbrain via the oculomotor nerve (CN III). (unboundmedicine.com)

The lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia. (nih.gov)
Parasympathetic nerve fibers from the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve fibers from the thoracic splanchnic nerve provide extrinsic innervation to the small intestine. (coursehero.com)
Where are the cell bodies of visceral afferent nerve fibers? (freezingblue.com)
Nerve fibers. (lookformedical.com)
Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. (lookformedical.com)
A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. (lookformedical.com)
The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH . (lookformedical.com)
Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers ( NERVE FIBERS , UNMYELINATED). (lookformedical.com)
Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves. (lookformedical.com)
Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina , at the optic disk , or in the nerve, optic chiasm , optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. (lookformedical.com)
Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS , sensory or motor NEURONS . (lookformedical.com)
The cochlear nerve fibers originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project peripherally to cochlear hair cells and centrally to the cochlear nuclei ( COCHLEAR NUCLEUS ) of the BRAIN STEM. (lookformedical.com)
The AXONS of the unmyelinated nerve fibers are small in diameter and usually several are surrounded by a single MYELIN SHEATH . (lookformedical.com)
The sympathetic nerves in the thorax and in other areas of the body include visceral sensory fibers that course along the general sensory neurons. (aneskey.com)
White rami have myelinated nerve fibers and thus appear white. (aneskey.com)
Gray rami have unmyelinated nerve fibers and, therefore, appear gray. (aneskey.com)
Each paravertebral ganglion houses the nerve cell bodies for postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers. (aneskey.com)
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers exit the ganglion en route to the cardiac plexus (see Chapter 4, Innervation of the Heart). (aneskey.com)

The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. (nih.gov)
A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. (lookformedical.com)
A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot. (lookformedical.com)

While the importance of the sympatho-adrenal branch of the autonomic nervous system has been appreciated for many decades, the mechanisms underlying transmission between presynaptic splanchnic neurons and postsynaptic chromaffin cells have remained obscure. (bvsalud.org)
1. Either of two types of groups of nerve cells (sympathetic ganglion, parasympathetic ganglion) in the autonomic nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)

The thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk typically has 12 paravertebral ganglia connected to adjacent thoracic spinal nerves by white and gray rami communicantes . (aneskey.com)

But the lemniscus is not in direct contact with the fasciculus longitudinalis, for a bundle of fibres, the continuation of which has been seen in the anterior funiculus of the medulla spinalis, the fasciculus tectospinalis, separates them, as well as fibres coming from sensory nuclei of the cerebral nerves which are crossing the raphe to join the medial lemniscus (Fig. 495). (co.ma)
The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. (bvsalud.org)

The nerve supply to the male urethra is derived from the prostatic plexus, which contains a mixture of sympathetic, parasympathetic and visceral afferent fibres. (slideshare.net)
It sends postganglionic parasympathetic axons into the eye, via the short ciliary nerves, to innervate the ciliaris and the pupillary sphincter. (unboundmedicine.com)

We also show an RYGB-specific increase in splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity and "browning" of visceral mesenteric fat. (nih.gov)
What nerves innervate the parietal and visceral peritoneum? (freezingblue.com)

The splenic plexus ( lienal plexus in older texts) is formed by branches from the celiac plexus , the left celiac ganglion , and from the right vagus nerve . (bionity.com)

10. [Neurolytic block of the celiac plexus and splanchnic nerves with computed tomography. (nih.gov)
The nerve supply to the female urethra arises from the vesical plexus and the pudendal nerve. (slideshare.net)
Either of the paired prevertebral autonomic ganglia in the nerve plexus surrounding the aortic roots of the renal arteries. (unboundmedicine.com)
The sciatic nerve , which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. (lookformedical.com)

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. (lookformedical.com)
Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. (lookformedical.com)
The cochlear part of the 8th cranial nerve ( VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE ). (lookformedical.com)
PNS manifestations include mononeuritis multiplex, sensorimotor polyneuropathy, and cranial nerve palsies. (medscape.com)
The 7th cranial nerve. (bvsalud.org)

Role of gastric and splanchnic nerves. (nih.gov)
Here, we demonstrate, using a combination of direct and indirect calorimetry, an increase in total resting metabolic rate (RMR) and specifically anaerobic RMR after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), but not sleeve gastrectomy (SG). (nih.gov)
Consequently, selective splanchnic denervation abolishes all beneficial metabolic outcomes of gastric bypass that involve changes in the endocannabinoid signaling within the small intestine. (nih.gov)

4. Pancreatic polypeptide response to a meal before and after cutting the extrinsic nerves of the upper gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas in the dog. (nih.gov)

A small autonomic ganglion lying on the outside of the optic nerve in the rear portion of the orbit. (unboundmedicine.com)
A roughly spherical ganglion of unipolar neuronal cell bodies in the posterior roots of each spinal nerve near the intervertebral foramina. (unboundmedicine.com)
This ganglion is enclosed in a capsule that is a continuation of the epineurium of the spinal nerve. (unboundmedicine.com)
An enlargement on a nerve that does not contain neuronal cell bodies and is therefore not a true ganglion. (unboundmedicine.com)
The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. (lookformedical.com)
It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve . (lookformedical.com)
3) synapse in a prevertebral ganglion (i.e., celiac ganglion) via a splanchnic nerve. (aneskey.com)

What nerves convey symp and parasymp tone to the esophagus? (freezingblue.com)
The region containing anatomic structures deep to the pericardial sac, including the thoracic portion of the descending aorta, the azygos system of veins, the thoracic duct, the esophagus, and the vagus and sympathetic nerves ( Figure 5-1B ). (aneskey.com)
The region superior to the sternal angle containing the aortic arch and its three branches, the superior vena cava (SVC) and the brachiocephalic veins, the trachea, the esophagus, and the phrenic and vagus nerves. (aneskey.com)

In animals, the emetic response to cisplatin can be prevented by pretreatment with an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, bilateral abdominal vagotomy and greater splanchnic nerve section, or pretreatment with a serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist. (nih.gov)
The falciform ligament is called the ventral mesentery Mesentery A layer of the peritoneum which attaches the abdominal viscera to the abdominal wall and conveys their blood vessels and nerves. (lecturio.com)

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord , including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves . (lookformedical.com)
The funiculus posterior, which ends in the cuneate and gracile nuclei, is derived from the posterior roots of the spinal nerves. (co.ma)
But it will be remembered that a large proportion of the fibres of the entering posterior nerveroots of the spinal nerves end in connexion with the cells of the posterior column of gray matter of the spinal medulla. (co.ma)

Las fibras preganglionares forman los nervios esplácnicos mayor, menor e inferior (o pequeño) que se originan en la médula espinal, las cuales atraviesan los ganglios paravertebrales y de ahí a los plexos y ganglios celíacos. (bvsalud.org)

Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve , which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. (lookformedical.com)
They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. (lookformedical.com)
The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. (lookformedical.com)
Central nervous system (CNS) manifestations include vasculitis of small to medium-sized vessels of the brain or spinal cord and granulomatous masses that involve the orbit, optic nerve, meninges or brain. (medscape.com)

These data reveal, for the first time , a role for any synaptotagmin at the splanchnic- chromaffin cell synapse . (bvsalud.org)

The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve . (wikidoc.org)
Irritation of the diaphragm is signalled by the phrenic nerve to the shoulder. (freezingblue.com)

Surgical anatomy of the splanchnic nerves. (nih.gov)

also on the appearance of glycosuria upon the stimulation of the splanchnic nerve. (nih.gov)

One has more control over the abdominals and intercostals than the actual diaphragm, which lacks proprioceptive nerve endings. (wikidoc.org)
Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS. (lookformedical.com)

Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons . (lookformedical.com)

CPT elicited an immediate increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and greater splanchnic nerve activity (GSNA). (researchwithnj.com)

In contrast to chromaffin cells , which have enjoyed sustained attention as a model system for exocytosis , even the Ca2+ sensors that are expressed within splanchnic terminals have not yet been identified. (bvsalud.org)
Serotonin receptors of the 5-HT 3 type are present both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema. (nih.gov)

The dorsal rami of the first four sacral nerves pass backward through the dorsal sacral foramina. (oganatomy.org)

It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE. (lookformedical.com)

The internal pudendal vessels run between the sciatic and pudendal nerves. (oganatomy.org)

Cybulski's law of excitation of nerves. (nih.gov)
The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus. (lookformedical.com)

Anatomy27

Organisms5

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes5

Disciplines and Occupations1

Central autonomic activation by intracisternal TRH analogue excites gastric splanchnic afferent neurons. (1/282)

Circadian and other rhythmic activity of neurones in the ventromedial nuclei and lateral hypothalamic area. (2/282)

Effects of adrenomedullin and PAMP on adrenal catecholamine release in dogs. (3/282)

Effects of 17beta-estradiol on the baroreflex control of sympathetic activity in conscious ovariectomized rats. (4/282)

Involvement of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in transmission of spinal visceral nociception in cat. (5/282)

Rhythmic sympathetic nerve discharges in an in vitro neonatal rat brain stem-spinal cord preparation. (6/282)

Role of ET(B) receptors and nitric oxide in adrenal catecholamine secretion in anesthetized dogs. (7/282)

Bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy: effects on pancreatic pain and function. (8/282)

Splanchnic Nerves

Adrenal Medulla

Physiology, Comparative

Adrenal Glands

Adrenalectomy

Electric Stimulation

Catecholamines

Enkephalin, Methionine

Cosyntropin

Sciatic Nerve

Cats

Neurons, Efferent

Epinephrine

Peripheral Nerves

Sympathetic Nervous System

Optic Nerve

Nerve Fibers

Atropine

Denervation

Vagotomy

Carnivora

Vagus Nerve

Ganglia, Sympathetic

Guanethidine

Hypophysectomy

Nerve Regeneration

Norepinephrine

Pancreatic Hormones

Phentolamine

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Celiac Plexus

Reflex

Trimethaphan

Chromaffin System

Nerve Block

Secretory Rate

Cattle

Nerve Endings

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Sural Nerve

Median Nerve

Hexamethonium Compounds

Facial Nerve

Nerve Crush

Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Tibial Nerve

Ulnar Nerve

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Propranolol

Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase

Stomach

Acetylcholine

Blood Pressure

Liver Glycogen

Femoral Nerve

Autonomic Nervous System

Spinal Nerves

Bombesin

Glucagon

Medulla Oblongata

Chromaffin Cells

Dissection

Gastrointestinal Motility

Neuropeptide Y

Nerve Growth Factor

Hydrocortisone

Enkephalins

Trigeminal Nerve

Dogs

Nerve Growth Factors

Gastric Juice

Ferrets

Central autonomic activation by intracisternal TRH analogue excites gastric splanchnic afferent neurons. (1/282)

Circadian and other rhythmic activity of neurones in the ventromedial nuclei and lateral hypothalamic area. (2/282)

Effects of adrenomedullin and PAMP on adrenal catecholamine release in dogs. (3/282)

Effects of 17beta-estradiol on the baroreflex control of sympathetic activity in conscious ovariectomized rats. (4/282)

Involvement of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in transmission of spinal visceral nociception in cat. (5/282)

Rhythmic sympathetic nerve discharges in an in vitro neonatal rat brain stem-spinal cord preparation. (6/282)

Role of ET(B) receptors and nitric oxide in adrenal catecholamine secretion in anesthetized dogs. (7/282)

Bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy: effects on pancreatic pain and function. (8/282)