Spindle Apparatus: A microtubule structure that forms during CELL DIVISION. It consists of two SPINDLE POLES, and sets of MICROTUBULES that may include the astral microtubules, the polar microtubules, and the kinetochore microtubules.Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins: A broad category of nuclear proteins that are components of or participate in the formation of the NUCLEAR MATRIX.Mitosis: A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.Microtubules: Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.Centrosome: The cell center, consisting of a pair of CENTRIOLES surrounded by a cloud of amorphous material called the pericentriolar region. During interphase, the centrosome nucleates microtubule outgrowth. The centrosome duplicates and, during mitosis, separates to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle (MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS).Chromosome Segregation: The orderly segregation of CHROMOSOMES during MEIOSIS or MITOSIS.Tubulin: A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM; CILIA; and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE; VINCRISTINE; and VINBLASTINE.Meiosis: A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.Muscle Spindles: Skeletal muscle structures that function as the MECHANORECEPTORS responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (REFLEX, STRETCH). They are composed of a bundle of encapsulated SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, i.e., the intrafusal fibers (nuclear bag 1 fibers, nuclear bag 2 fibers, and nuclear chain fibers) innervated by SENSORY NEURONS.Golgi Apparatus: A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)Cell Cycle Proteins: Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.Fluorescent Antibody Technique: Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.HeLa Cells: The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Anaphase: The phase of cell nucleus division following METAPHASE, in which the CHROMATIDS separate and migrate to opposite poles of the spindle.Kinetochores: Large multiprotein complexes that bind the centromeres of the chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle during metaphase in the cell cycle.Metaphase: The phase of cell nucleus division following PROMETAPHASE, in which the CHROMOSOMES line up across the equatorial plane of the SPINDLE APPARATUS prior to separation.Kinesin: A microtubule-associated mechanical adenosine triphosphatase, that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move organelles along microtubules toward the plus end of the microtubule. The protein is found in squid axoplasm, optic lobes, and in bovine brain. Bovine kinesin is a heterotetramer composed of two heavy (120 kDa) and two light (62 kDa) chains. EC 3.6.1.-.Microtubule-Associated Proteins: High molecular weight proteins found in the MICROTUBULES of the cytoskeletal system. Under certain conditions they are required for TUBULIN assembly into the microtubules and stabilize the assembled microtubules.Nocodazole: Nocodazole is an antineoplastic agent which exerts its effect by depolymerizing microtubules.Mad2 Proteins: Mad2 is a component of the spindle-assembly checkpoint apparatus. It binds to and inhibits the Cdc20 activator subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex, preventing the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. Mad2 is required for proper microtubule capture at KINETOCHORES.Aurora Kinases: A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. They are involved in many aspects of cell division, including centrosome duplication, SPINDLE APPARATUS formation, chromosome alignment, attachment to the spindle, checkpoint activation, and CYTOKINESIS.Chromosomes: In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Dyneins: A family of multisubunit cytoskeletal motor proteins that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to power a variety of cellular functions. Dyneins fall into two major classes based upon structural and functional criteria.Telophase: The final phase of cell nucleus division following ANAPHASE, in which two daughter nuclei are formed, the CYTOPLASM completes division, and the CHROMOSOMES lose their distinctness and are transformed into CHROMATIN threads.M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints: The cellular signaling system that halts the progression of cells through MITOSIS or MEIOSIS if a defect that will affect CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION is detected.Cytokinesis: The process by which the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided.Microscopy, Fluorescence: Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.Oocytes: Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases: A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.Microtubule-Organizing Center: An amorphous region of electron dense material in the cytoplasm from which the MICROTUBULES polymerization is nucleated. The pericentriolar region of the CENTROSOME which surrounds the CENTRIOLES is an example.Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins: Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.Microtubule Proteins: Proteins found in the microtubules.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Microscopy, Electron: Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.Nuclear Proteins: Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.Motor Neurons, Gamma: Motor neurons which activate the contractile regions of intrafusal SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, thus adjusting the sensitivity of the MUSCLE SPINDLES to stretch. Gamma motor neurons may be "static" or "dynamic" according to which aspect of responsiveness (or which fiber types) they regulate. The alpha and gamma motor neurons are often activated together (alpha gamma coactivation) which allows the spindles to contribute to the control of movement trajectories despite changes in muscle length.Centrioles: Self-replicating, short, fibrous, rod-shaped organelles. Each centriole is a short cylinder containing nine pairs of peripheral microtubules, arranged so as to form the wall of the cylinder.Cell Cycle: The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.Prophase: The first phase of cell nucleus division, in which the CHROMOSOMES become visible, the CELL NUCLEUS starts to lose its identity, the SPINDLE APPARATUS appears, and the CENTRIOLES migrate toward opposite poles.Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.Prometaphase: The phase of cell nucleus division following PROPHASE, when the breakdown of the NUCLEAR ENVELOPE occurs and the MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS enters the nuclear region and attaches to the KINETOCHORES.Organoids: An organization of cells into an organ-like structure. Organoids can be generated in culture. They are also found in certain neoplasms.Centromere: The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division.Cell Polarity: Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.Birefringence: The property of nonisotropic media, such as crystals, whereby a single incident beam of light traverses the medium as two beams, each plane-polarized, the planes being at right angles to each other. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Protein Transport: The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.Cdc20 Proteins: Highly conserved proteins that specifically bind to and activate the anaphase-promoting complex-cyclosome, promoting ubiquitination and proteolysis of cell-cycle-regulatory proteins. Cdc20 is essential for anaphase-promoting complex activity, initiation of anaphase, and cyclin proteolysis during mitosis.ran GTP-Binding Protein: A monomeric GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins into the nucleus and RNA into the cytoplasm. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Interphase: The interval between two successive CELL DIVISIONS during which the CHROMOSOMES are not individually distinguishable. It is composed of the G phases (G1 PHASE; G0 PHASE; G2 PHASE) and S PHASE (when DNA replication occurs).Xenopus Proteins: Proteins obtained from various species of Xenopus. Included here are proteins from the African clawed frog (XENOPUS LAEVIS). Many of these proteins have been the subject of scientific investigations in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.
Drosophila oogenesis: versatile spn doctors. (1/4092)
Recent work on Drosophila oogenesis has uncovered connections between cell-cycle checkpoints and pattern formation. Genes of the spindle class, which encode double-strand break repair enzymes and RNA helicases, affect oocyte polarity and the decision whether to differentiate as an oocyte or a nurse cell. (+info)C-myc overexpression and p53 loss cooperate to promote genomic instability. (2/4092)
p53 monitors genomic integrity at the G1 and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints. Cells lacking p53 may show gene amplification as well as the polyploidy or aneuploidy typical of many tumors. The pathways through which this develops, however, are not well defined. We demonstrate here that the combination of p53 inactivation and c-myc overexpression in diploid cells markedly accelerates the spontaneous development of tetraploidy. This is not seen with either N-myc or L-myc. Tetraploidy is accompanied by significantly higher levels of cyclin B and its associated cdc2 kinase activity. Mitotic spindle poisons accelerate the appearance of tetraploidy in cells either lacking functional p53 or overexpressing c-myc whereas the combination is additive. Restoration of p53 function in cells overexpressing c-myc causing rapid apoptosis, indicating that cells yet to become tetraploid have nonetheless suffered irreversible genomic and/or mitotic spindle damage. In the face of normal p53 function, such damage would either be repaired or trigger apoptotis. We propose that loss of p53 and overexpression of c-myc permits the emergence and survival of cells with increasingly severe damage and the eventual development of tetraploidy. (+info)Defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein phosphatase type I activate the spindle/kinetochore checkpoint. (3/4092)
A conditional allele of type 1 protein phosphatase (glc7-129) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes first cycle arrest in G2/M, characterized by cells with a short spindle and high H1 kinase activity. Point-of-execution experiments indicate Glc7p function is required in G2/M just before anaphase for the completion of mitosis. Loss of the spindle/kinetochore checkpoint in glc7-129 cells abolishes the G2/M cell cycle arrest with a concomitant increase in chromosome loss and reduced viability. These results support a role for Glc7p in regulating kinetochore attachment to the spindle, an event monitored by the spindle/kinetochore checkpoint. (+info)The conserved protein kinase Ipl1 regulates microtubule binding to kinetochores in budding yeast. (4/4092)
Chromosome segregation depends on kinetochores, the structures that mediate chromosome attachment to the mitotic spindle. We isolated mutants in IPL1, which encodes a protein kinase, in a screen for budding yeast mutants that have defects in sister chromatid separation and segregation. Cytological tests show that ipl1 mutants can separate sister chromatids but are defective in chromosome segregation. Kinetochores assembled in extracts from ipl1 mutants show altered binding to microtubules. Ipl1p phosphorylates the kinetochore component Ndc10p in vitro and we propose that Ipl1p regulates kinetochore function via Ndc10p phosphorylation. Ipl1p localizes to the mitotic spindle and its levels are regulated during the cell cycle. This pattern of localization and regulation is similar to that of Ipl1p homologs in higher eukaryotes, such as the human aurora2 protein. Because aurora2 has been implicated in oncogenesis, defects in kinetochore function may contribute to genetic instability in human tumors. (+info)Abnormal spindle protein, Asp, and the integrity of mitotic centrosomal microtubule organizing centers. (5/4092)
The product of the abnormal spindle (asp) gene was found to be an asymmetrically localized component of the centrosome during mitosis, required to focus the poles of the mitotic spindle in vivo. Removing Asp protein function from Drosophila melanogaster embryo extracts, either by mutation or immunodepletion, resulted in loss of their ability to restore microtubule-organizing center activity to salt-stripped centrosome preparations. This was corrected by addition of purified Asp protein. Thus, Asp appears to hold together the microtubule-nucleating gamma-tubulin ring complexes that organize the mitotic centrosome. (+info)Influence of centriole behavior on the first spindle formation in zygotes of the brown alga Fucus distichus (Fucales, Phaeophyceae). (6/4092)
The influence of centrioles, derived from the sperm flagellar basal bodies, and the centrosomal material (MTOCs) on spindle formation in the brown alga Fucus distichus (oogamous) was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy using anti-centrin and anti-beta-tubulin antibodies. In contrast to a bipolar spindle, which is formed after normal fertilization, a multipolar spindle was formed in polyspermic zygote. The number of mitotic poles in polyspermic zygotes was double the number of sperm involved in fertilization. As an anti-centrin staining spot (centrioles) was located at these poles, the multipolar spindles in polyspermic zygotes were produced by the supplementary centrioles. When anucleate egg fragments were fertilized, chromosome condensation and mitosis did not occur in the sperm nucleus. Two anti-centrin staining spots could be detected, microtubules (MTs) radiated from nearby, but the mitotic spindle was never produced. When a single sperm fertilized multinucleate eggs (polygyny), abnormal spindles were also observed. In addition to two mitotic poles containing anti-centrin staining spots, extra mitotic poles without anti-centrin staining spots were also formed, and as a result multipolar spindles were formed. When karyogamy was blocked with colchicine, it became clear that the egg nucleus proceeded independently into mitosis accompanying chromosome condensation. A monoastral spindle could be frequently observed, and in rare cases a barrel-shaped spindle was formed. However, when a sperm nucleus was located near an egg nucleus, the two anti-centrin staining spots shifted to the egg nucleus from the sperm nucleus. In this case, a normal spindle was formed, the egg chromosomes arranged at the equator, and the associated MTs elongated from one pole of the egg spindle toward the sperm chromosomes which were scattered. From these results, it became clear that paternal centrioles derived from the sperm have a crucial role in spindle formation in the brown algae, such as they do during animal fertilization. However, paternal centrioles were not adequate for the functional centrosome during spindle formation. We speculated that centrosomal materials from the egg cytoplasm aggregate around the sperm centrioles and are needed for centrosomal activation. (+info)Self assembly of NuMA: multiarm oligomers as structural units of a nuclear lattice. (7/4092)
NuMA is a nuclear matrix protein in interphase and relocates to the spindle poles in mitotis. Different NuMA constructs, in which either N- or C-terminal domains were deleted, and the full-length construct were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the NuMA polypeptides were purified to homogeneity and allowed to assemble in vitro. Electron microscopy showed that NuMA can build multiarm oligomers by interaction of the C-terminal globular domains. Each arm of the oligomer corresponds to a NuMA dimer. Oligomers with up to 10 or 12 arms have been observed for both full-length NuMA and for constructs that still contain the proximal part of the C-terminal tail domain. Other results from this laboratory have shown that transient overexpression of NuMA in HeLa cells induces a nuclear scaffold with a quasi-hexagonal organization that can fill the nuclei. Here we show that computer modelling of the three-dimensional packing of NuMA into such scaffolds can explain the different spacing of the hexagons seen when constructs with different coiled-coil lengths are used. Thus, the 12 arm oligomer, for which we have in vitro evidence, may be the structural unit from which the nuclear scaffold in transfected cells is built. (+info)Control of mitotic spindle position by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae formin Bni1p. (8/4092)
Alignment of the mitotic spindle with the axis of cell division is an essential process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is mediated by interactions between cytoplasmic microtubules and the cell cortex. We found that a cortical protein, the yeast formin Bni1p, was required for spindle orientation. Two striking abnormalities were observed in bni1Delta cells. First, the initial movement of the spindle pole body (SPB) toward the emerging bud was defective. This phenotype is similar to that previously observed in cells lacking the kinesin Kip3p and, in fact, BNI1 and KIP3 were found to be in the same genetic pathway. Second, abnormal pulling interactions between microtubules and the cortex appeared to cause preanaphase spindles in bni1Delta cells to transit back and forth between the mother and the bud. We therefore propose that Bni1p may localize or alter the function of cortical microtubule-binding sites in the bud. Additionally, we present evidence that other bipolar bud site determinants together with cortical actin are also required for spindle orientation. (+info)
Loss of MYO5B expression deregulates late endosome size which hinders mitotic spindle orientation - Newsemia
The checkpoint control for anaphase onset does not monitor excess numbers of spindle poles or bipolar spindle symmetry |...
Kinesin-5 Eg5 is essential for spindle assembly and chromosome alignment of mouse spermatocytes | Cell Division | Full Text
Anastral spindle assembly and γ-tubulin in Drosophila oocytes | BMC Cell Biology | Full Text
BIOL1020 Genetics blog: Cortical dynein and RanGTP in Mitotic Spindle Orientation
Spindle apparatus - Wikipedia
Timely spindle control | Journal of Cell Science
Monitoring spindle orientation: Spindle position checkpoint in charge | Cell Division | Full Text
Microtubule cross-linking activity of She1 ensures spindle stability for spindle positioning | JCB
Aurora A is involved in central spindle assembly through phosphorylation of Ser 19 in P150Glued | JCB
RanGTP is required for meiotic spindle organization and the initiation of embryonic development in Drosophila | Dr. Kim S. McKim
"Recognizing Chromosomes in Trouble: Association of the Spindle Checkpo" by Oliver Kerscher, Luciana B. Crotti et al.
"Role of Molecular Motors and Maps in Spindle Dynamics and Chromosome S" by Viktoriya Syrovatkina
Plk4 and Aurora A cooperate in the initiation of acentriolar spindle assembly in mammalian oocytes | JCB
Frontiers | Multiple Duties for Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Kinases in Meiosis | Cell and Developmental Biology
Spindle Model 1
Transforming acidic coiled-coil protein
Aneuploid colon cancer cells have a robust spindle checkpoint | EMBO Reports
Histone H3K4 methylation regulates deactivation of the spindle assembly checkpoint through direct binding of Mad2<...
Mutations in the kinesin-like protein Eg5 disrupting localization to the mitotic spindle | PNAS
Differential Regulation of Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Substrates by the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint in Saccharomyces...
Response to Comments on "A Centrosome-Independent Role for γ-TuRC Proteins in the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint" | Science
The BRCA1/BARD1 heterodimer modulates Ran-development mitotic spindle assembly. A mitotic role for BRCA1/BARD1 in tumor...
Ring Around the Spindle Checkpoint | Science Signaling
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Mitotic spindle rotation and mode of cell division in the developing telencephalon | PNAS
PhenoPlasm
Induction of apoptosis by an inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin KSP requires both activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint...
Bipolar spindle assembly and failure of chromatin stret | Open-i
View source for Fast Microtubule Dynamics in Meiotic Spindles Measured by Single Molecule Imaging: Evidence that the Spindle...
Conditional targeting of MAD1 to kinetochores is sufficient to reactivate the spindle assembly checkpoint in metaphase |...
Msps protein is localized to acentrosomal poles to ensure bipolarity of Drosophila meiotic spindles
When the Genome Plays Dice: Circumvention of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint and Near-Random Chromosome Segregation in...
Role of CENP-A NAC/CAD network in spindle assembly and spindle checkpoint - Research Collection
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mdf-2 - HORMA domain-containing protein - Caenorhabditis elegans - mdf-2 gene & protein
Loss of the canonical spindle orientation function in the Pins/LGN homolog (...) - ENS - Départment de biologie
Dependence of Paclitaxel Sensitivity on a Functional Spindle Assembly Checkpoint<...
MAD1-dependent recruitment of CDK1-CCNB1 to kinetochores promotes spindle checkpoint signaling | Journal of Cell Biology |...
Drosophila gene families: Centromeric and Kinetochore Proteins
JAM-A regulates cortical dynein localization through Cdc42 to control planar spindle orientation during mitosis | SFB 829
Plk1 bound to Bub1 contributes to spindle assembly checkpoint activity during mitosis<...
MAD2L2 - Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B - Homo sapiens (Human) - MAD2L2 gene & protein
BRK1, a Bub1-Related Kinase, Is Essential for Generating Proper Tension between Homologous Kinetochores at Metaphase I of Rice...
Cytotoxicity of Paclitaxel in Breast Cancer Is due to Chromosome Missegregation on Multipolar Spindles | Science Translational...
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Place Spindle Here | Science Signaling
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Bir1p localizes to interpolar microtubules and interact | Open-i
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Plus it
Ran at kinetochores | Biochemical Society Transactions
Social Media
Researchers unlock secrets of cell division, define role for protein elevated in cancer. ecancer - News
Ibd1p, a possible spindle pole body associated protein, regulates nuclear division and bud separation in Saccharomyces...
Ndc80 targets Bod1 to kinetochores | Open Biology
Detailed annotation info for ENST00000235310
Establishment and mitotic characterization of new Drosophila acentriolar cell lines from DSas-4 mutant | Biology Open
Saccharomyces cerevisiae MPS2 encodes a membrane protein localized at the spindle pole body and the nuclear envelope -...
Bruce Bowerman (EU) - University of Oregon, USA
Cell division orientation
Fission (biology)
User contributions for 96.5.162.193
Fission (biology)
Aftermath of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
Medalha Elliott Cresson - Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre
Local anesthetic
Muscle relaxant
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Bipolar spindle assembly and failure of chromatin stret | Open-i
anti-Spindly antibody | GeneTex
Phase transition of spindle-associated protein regulate spindle apparatus assembly. - PubMed - NCBI
Specific attachment of nuclear-mitotic apparatus protein to metaphase chromosomes and mitotic spindle poles: possible function...
Accurate measurement of poleward microtubule flux in the spindle of Drosophila S2 cells
A Novel Role of the Budding Yeast Separin Esp1 in Anaphase Spindle Elongation | JCB
A case of oculomotor nerve palsy associated with antimitotic spindle a | OPTH
Interaction of CK1δ with γTuSC ensures proper microtubule assembly and spindle positioning. - NextBio article
Absence of Centrioles in the First and Second Meiotic Spindles of Mouse Oocytes | Journal of Cell Science
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NHANES 2003-2004:
Autoantibodies - Immunofluorescence & Immunoprecipitation Analyses (Surplus) Data Documentation,...
IP 505: Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of viscosity of bitumen using a rotating spindle apparatus |
EI ...
HOW DOES E. COLI SEGREGATE ITS SISTERS WITHOUT A SPINDLE? [KLECKNER LAB] - Harvard University - Department of Molecular &...
The novel BTB-kelch protein, KBTBD8, is located in the Golgi apparatus and translocates to the spindle apparatus during mitosis...
subito Encodes a Kinesin-like Protein Required for Meiotic Spindle Pole Formation in Drosophila melanogaster | Genetics
Abstract 3460: TBK1 regulates mitotic progression by modulating spindle assembly checkpoint in cancer cells | Cancer Research
Recombinant Human CLASP1 protein (ab161605) | Abcam
Human TPX2 is required for targeting Aurora-A kinase to the spindle | JCB
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Phase separation at the synapse | Nature Neuroscience
Graphene Multielectrode Arrays as a Versatile Tool for Extracellular Measurements.
MitosisChromosomesMeioticProteinRole in mitotic spindleCentrosomesKinetochoresProteinsKinetochoreDrosophilaBipolar spindleOocytesAssemblyAnastralMidzoneAntibodiesSister chromatidsMeiosisAnaphaseFibresOocytesTubulinProphaseAstersCellsCentrosomeDepletionMicroscopyMicrotubules in the spindleCentriolesChromatinMeiotic spindle assemblyXenopusMonopolar spindleFormationOrientationMuscle spindlesOppositeAntibodyAstral microtubules
Mitosis5
- It is referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis, a process that produces genetically identical daughter cells, or the meiotic spindle during meiosis, a process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. (wikipedia.org)
- In fungi, spindles form between spindle pole bodies embedded in the nuclear envelope, which does not break down during mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
- These proteins include the microtubule motors CENP-E and cytoplasmic dynein, and proteins involved with the mitotic spindle checkpoint, Mad2, Bub1R, and the 3F3/2 phosphoantigen.Depletion of these components did not disrupt kinetochore outer domain structure or alter metaphase kinetochore microtubule number.Thus, a major function of dynein/dynactin in mitosis is in a kinetochore disassembly pathway that contributes to inactivation of the spindle checkpoint. (nih.gov)
- Thus, a major function of dynein/dynactin in mitosis is in a kinetochore disassembly pathway that contributes to inactivation of the spindle checkpoint. (nih.gov)
- The NUMA1 protein was one of the first to be described as a cell cycle-related protein based on a distinct immunofluorescent staining pattern: in interphase, NUMA1 is present throughout the nucleus, and in mitosis, it localizes to the spindle apparatus. (humpath.com)
Chromosomes5
- Besides chromosomes, the spindle apparatus is composed of hundreds of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Attachment of microtubules to chromosomes is mediated by kinetochores, which actively monitor spindle formation and prevent premature anaphase onset. (wikipedia.org)
- The cellular spindle apparatus includes the spindle microtubules, associated proteins, which include kinesin and dynein molecular motors, condensed chromosomes, and any centrosomes or asters that may be present at the spindle poles depending on the cell type. (wikipedia.org)
- The dynamic lengthening and shortening of spindle microtubules, through a process known as dynamic instability determines to a large extent the shape of the mitotic spindle and promotes the proper alignment of chromosomes at the spindle midzone.Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) associate with microtubules at the midzone and the spindle poles to regulate their dynamics. (wikipedia.org)
- Recognizing Chromosomes in Trouble: Association of the Spindle Checkpo" by Oliver Kerscher, Luciana B. Crotti et al. (wm.edu)
Meiotic2
- A, Drosophila female meiotic spindles were examined by indirect immunofluorescence using antitubulin antibodies. (nih.gov)
- Shown are maximum intensity projections of the chromatin masses of oocyte meiotic spindles. (nih.gov)
Protein6
- Cytoplasmic dynein/dynactin drives kinetochore protein transport to the spindle poles and has a role in mitotic spindle checkpoint inactivation. (nih.gov)
- Inhibition of dynein/dynactin activity by microinjection in prometaphase with purified p50 "dynamitin" protein or concentrated 70.1 anti-dynein antibody blocked outer domain protein transport to the spindle poles, prevented Mad2 depletion from kinetochores despite normal kinetochore microtubule numbers, reduced metaphase kinetochore tension by 40%, and induced a mitotic block at metaphase. (nih.gov)
- To test for kinetochore protein transport along spindle microtubules to the poles we used the ATP reduction assay developed by Howell et al. (nih.gov)
- In this study, we show that Bub3p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , an evolutionarily conserved spindle checkpoint protein, exhibits distinct interactions with an altered or defective kinetochore(s). (wm.edu)
- We show, for the first time, using a bright GFP fusion protein and live imaging, that the Drosophila maternally-expressed γTub37C is present at low levels in oocyte meiosis I spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here we show using transgenic flies expressing γTub37C fused to a bright green fluorescent protein (GFP) that γ-tubulin is present at low levels in oocyte MI spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
Role in mitotic spindle1
- Although γ-tubulin is believed to play a central role in mitotic spindle assembly and maintenance in many organisms, its role in anastral spindles that lack centrosomes is less certain. (biomedcentral.com)
Centrosomes3
- At the pointed ends, known as spindle poles, microtubules are nucleated by the centrosomes in most animal cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Acentrosomal or anastral spindles lack centrosomes or asters at the spindle poles, respectively, and occur for example during female meiosis in most animals. (wikipedia.org)
- Anastral spindles assemble without centrosomes by a pathway that is still not fully understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Kinetochores5
- We discovered that many proteins located in the kinetochore outer domain, but not the inner core, are depleted from kinetochores and accumulate at spindle poles when ATP production is suppressed in PtK1 cells, and that microtubule depolymerization inhibits this process. (nih.gov)
- Mad2, BubR1, CENP-E, dynein (A), and 3F3/2 (C) fluorescence diminished at kinetochores and concentrated at spindle poles after inhibitor treatment in the absence of nocodazole. (nih.gov)
- After washout of the inhibitors, Mad2, BubR1, CENP-E, and dynein fluorescence recovered at kinetochores and diminished at spindle poles, similar to the localization pattern seen with saline alone (A) (Az/DOG + Wash). 3F3/2 fluorescence reappeared on most kinetochores and was reduced at the spindle poles after inhibitor washout (C) (Az/DOG + wash). (nih.gov)
- Spindle checkpoint proteins monitor the interaction of the spindle apparatus with the kinetochores, halting anaphase even if the microtubule attachment of only a single chromosome is altered. (wm.edu)
- As Bub3-GFP foci overlap only a subset of kinetochores, we tested a model in which alterations or defects in kinetochore or spindle integrity lead to the distinct enrichment of Bub3p at these structures. (wm.edu)
Proteins2
- Opposing the action of these microtubule-stabilizing proteins are a number of microtubule-depolymerizing factors which permit the dynamic remodeling of the mitotic spindle to promote chromosome congression and attainment of bipolarity. (wikipedia.org)
- These proteins include the microtubule motors CENP-E and cytoplasmic dynein, and proteins involved with the mitotic spindle checkpoint, Mad2, Bub1R, and the 3F3/2 phosphoantigen. (nih.gov)
Kinetochore2
- Outer domain kinetochore components localize to spindle poles after ATP reduction if the mitotic spindle is present. (nih.gov)
- In support of our model, kinetochore-associated Bub3-GFP is enriched upon activation of the spindle checkpoint due to nocodazole-induced spindle disassembly, overexpression of the checkpoint kinase Mps1p, or the presence of a defective centromere ( CEN ). (wm.edu)
Drosophila3
- Drosophila melanogaster oocytes heterozygous for mutations in the alpha-tubulin 67C gene (alphatub67C) display defects in centromere positioning during prometaphase of meiosis I. The centromeres do not migrate to the poleward edges of the chromatin mass, and the chromatin fails to stretch during spindle lengthening. (nih.gov)
- Not only is the requirement for γ-tubulin to form anastral Drosophila oocyte meiosis I spindles controversial, but its presence in oocyte meiosis I spindles has not been demonstrated and is uncertain. (biomedcentral.com)
- Failure to localize γ-tubulin to MI spindles might be due to inadequate permeabilization of the dense cytoplasm of fixed Drosophila oocytes, hindering antibody staining, rather than the absence of γ-tubulin in spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
Bipolar spindle1
- Bipolar spindle assembly and failure of chromatin stretching in oocytes expressing αtub67CP40. (nih.gov)
Oocytes1
- Nonetheless, bipolar MI spindles are present in γ-tubulin mutant oocytes, indicating that γ-tubulin is not required to form oocyte MI spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
Assembly4
- In this instance, a Ran GTP gradient is the main regulator of spindle microtubule organization and assembly. (wikipedia.org)
- in mammals, CLASP1 and CLASP2 both contribute to proper spindle assembly and microtubule dynamics in anaphase. (wikipedia.org)
- It is still uncertain whether γ-tubulin, a microtubule nucleator essential for mitotic spindle assembly and maintenance, plays a role. (biomedcentral.com)
- Weak binding to the meiosis I spindle could stabilize pre-existing microtubules or position γ-tubulin for function during meiosis II spindle assembly, which follows rapidly upon oocyte activation and completion of the meiosis I division. (biomedcentral.com)
Anastral1
- Anastral spindles assemble by a mechanism that involves microtubule nucleation and growth from chromatin. (biomedcentral.com)
Midzone1
- In the wide middle portion, known as the spindle midzone, antiparallel microtubules are bundled by kinesins. (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies2
- Dynein/dynactin inhibition did not block chromosome congression to the spindle equator in prometaphase, or segregation to the poles in anaphase when the spindle checkpoint was inactivated by microinjection with Mad2 antibodies. (nih.gov)
- Moreover, attempts by several groups to stain oocyte MI spindles using anti-γTub37C antibodies have produced negative results [ 17 , 19 , 20 ], raising doubts as to whether γ-tubulin is even present in the spindle. (biomedcentral.com)
Sister chromatids1
- In cell biology, the spindle apparatus (or mitotic spindle) refers to the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
Meiosis3
- Despite this, we find that formation of bipolar meiosis I spindles does not require functional γTub37C, extending previous findings by others. (biomedcentral.com)
- Fluorescence photobleaching assays show rapid recovery of γTub37C in the meiosis I spindle, similar to the cytoplasm, indicating weak binding by γTub37C to spindles, and fits of a new, potentially more accurate model for fluorescence recovery yield kinetic parameters consistent with transient, diffusional binding. (biomedcentral.com)
- The FRAP results, together with its mutant effects late in meiosis I, indicate that γTub37C may perform a role subsequent to metaphase I, rather than nucleating microtubules for meiosis I spindle formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Anaphase22
- Attachment of microtubules to chromosomes is mediated by kinetochores, which actively monitor spindle formation and prevent premature anaphase onset. (wikipedia.org)
- in mammals, CLASP1 and CLASP2 both contribute to proper spindle assembly and microtubule dynamics in anaphase. (wikipedia.org)
- The immunofluorescence studies also showed that after release of the NuMA protein from chromosomes of metaphase or anaphase cells, the protein bound specifically to the polar region of the mitotic spindle. (nih.gov)
- it is evolutionarily conserved and contributes to the regulation of spindle length and anaphase chromosome movement. (nih.gov)
- Although this is a fundamental step in the cell cycle, little is known about the regulation of Esp1 and how loss of cohesion is coordinated with movement of the anaphase spindle. (rupress.org)
- Here, we show that Esp1 has a novel role in promoting anaphase spindle elongation. (rupress.org)
- The localization of Esp1 to the spindle apparatus, analyzed by live cell imaging, is regulated in a manner consistent with a function during anaphase B. The protein accumulates in the nucleus in G2 and is mobilized onto the spindle pole bodies and spindle midzone at anaphase onset, where it persists into midanaphase. (rupress.org)
- In agreement, Pds1 interacts with the spindle at the metaphase-anaphase transition and a fraction remains at the spindle pole bodies and the spindle midzone in anaphase cells. (rupress.org)
- It is not yet clear how the separation of duplicated sister chromatids (anaphase A) is coordinated with spindle elongation (anaphase B). (rupress.org)
- In this study, we show that Esp1 activity is required past loss of cohesion at the metaphase-anaphase transition, revealing a direct role for Esp1 in spindle elongation. (rupress.org)
- We show that Pds1 interaction is required to obtain efficient transport of Esp1 to the nucleus and for subsequent binding of the protein to the mitotic spindle, which appears to be crucial for proper anaphase progression. (rupress.org)
- Chiasmata hold the homologs together during spindle formation of meiosis I and are required for orientation of the homologs at metaphase until the kinetochores are pulled to their proper poles at anaphase. (genetics.org)
- Subsequently localizes to the spindle midzone from anaphase and to the midbody from telophase. (abcam.com)
- MAD1L1 is a component of the mitotic spindle-assembly checkpoint that prevents the onset of anaphase until all chromosome are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. (cancerindex.org)
- The mitotic checkpoint prevents a eukaryotic cell from commencing to separate its replicated genome into two daughter cells (anaphase) until all of its chromosomes are properly aligned on the metaphase plate, with the two copies of each chromosome attached to opposite poles of the mitotic spindle. (biomedsearch.com)
- The mitotic checkpoint is also curious in the sense that, before metaphase alignment, chromosomes that are not being pulled in opposite directions by the mitotic spindle activate the checkpoint, but during anaphase, these same tensionless chromosomes can no longer activate the checkpoint. (biomedsearch.com)
- Dynein/dynactin inhibition did not block chromosome congression to the spindle equator in prometaphase, or segregation to the poles in anaphase when the spindle checkpoint was inactivated by microinjection with Mad2 antibodies. (nih.gov)
- Following the transition from metaphase to anaphase, the sister chromatids separate from each other, and the individual kinetochores on each chromatid drive their movement to the spindle poles that will define the two new daughter cells. (phys.org)
- Eventually, at anaphase, the kinetochore microtubules will pull the sister chromatids toward opposite poles of the mitotic spindle to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete genetic complement of chromosomes. (fsu.edu)
- In some cases, the two sister chromatids, although correctly assembled in the mitotic spindle apparatus, simply fail to separate at anaphase. (fsu.edu)
- shortly after the attachment, the birefringence retardation of the peripheral half spindle became greater than that of the inner one, and the difference increased with time during anaphase. (elsevier.com)
- We show that Drosophila embryonic spindles at metaphase and anaphase contain abundant bundles of MTs running between the spindle poles. (elsevier.com)
Fibres5
- Centrioles move to opposite poles of cell and spindle fibres are released to form a spindle apparatus . (brainscape.com)
- Chromosomes are positioned along equator of cell by spindle fibres. (brainscape.com)
- Before the division of the ovum, chromosomes that belong together (homologs) initially arrange themselves at the centre of the cell by means of so-called spindle fibres. (mpg.de)
- This is where the fibres of the spindle apparatus attach themselves. (uni-heidelberg.de)
- A little later, the chromosomes have divided and are pulled apart by the spindle fibres. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Oocytes10
- In Drosophila oocytes, meiotic spindle formation begins with a mass of microtubules emanating from the chromosomes, suggesting that the chromosomes nucleate or capture microtubules that are later shaped into a bipolar spindle. (genetics.org)
- In fact, individual chromosomes have been shown to form bipolar spindles in Drosophila oocytes ( T heurkauf and H awley 1992 ) and other organisms ( W aters and S almon 1995 ). (genetics.org)
- Drosophila melanogaster oocytes heterozygous for mutations in the alpha-tubulin 67C gene (alphatub67C) display defects in centromere positioning during prometaphase of meiosis I. The centromeres do not migrate to the poleward edges of the chromatin mass, and the chromatin fails to stretch during spindle lengthening. (nih.gov)
- Bipolar spindle assembly and failure of chromatin stretching in oocytes expressing αtub67CP40. (nih.gov)
- In order to study the dynamic behavior of the mitotic apparatus leading to unequal cleavage, we investigated the distribution of mitotic microtubules (MTs) during maturation division of starfish oocytes. (elsevier.com)
- Because implantation rates of embryos from frozen oocytes remain generally low, it is still debated whether, irrespective of survival rates, this form of cryopreservation leads inevitably to the disruption or complete loss of the metaphase II (MII) spindle. (elsevier.com)
- Fresh control and frozen-thawed survived oocytes were analysed by confocal microscopy to evaluate MII spindle and chromosome organizations. (elsevier.com)
- Results: Of the 104 oocytes included in the unfrozen group, 76 (73.1%) displayed normal bipolar spindles with equatorially aligned chromosomes. (elsevier.com)
- Spindle and chromatin organizations were significantly affected (50.8%) after cryopreservation involving lower sucrose concentration (61 oocytes), whereas these parameters were unchanged (69.7%) using the 0.3 mol/l sucrose protocol (152 oocytes). (elsevier.com)
- However, protocols adopting higher sucrose concentration in the freezing solution promote the retention of an intact chromosome segregation apparatus comparable in incidence to freshly collected oocytes. (elsevier.com)
Tubulin4
- BuGZ coacervation and its binding to microtubules and tubulin are required to promote assembly of spindle and spindle matrix in Xenopus egg extract and in mammalian cells. (nih.gov)
- Spindles containing fluorescently tagged tubulin are photobleached to generate a non-fluorescent stripe, which moves toward the spindle poles allowing a measure of the flux. (nih.gov)
- We photobleached two large areas at the opposite sides of the metaphase plate in spindles of Drosophila S2 cells expressing Cherry-tagged tubulin, leaving unbleached only the area near the chromosomes. (nih.gov)
- Coacervation promotes microtubule bundling and concentrates tubulin, promoting microtubule polymerization and assembly of spindle and spindle matrix by concentrating its building blocks (PubMed:26388440). (genecards.org)
Prophase3
- They move to opposite poles during prophase and form spindle fibers made of microtubules. (studystack.com)
- Skeletor antibody staining shows that skeletor is associated with the chromosomes at interphase, but redistributes into a true fusiform spindle structure at prophase, which precedes microtubule spindle formation. (rupress.org)
- Late prophase, or prometaphase , begins with the disruption of the nuclear envelope, which is broken down into small membrane vesicles that closely resemble the endoplasmic reticulum and tend to remain visible around the mitotic spindle. (fsu.edu)
Asters2
- These fibrillar aggregates, referred to as microtubule foci, form small asters and collectively perform the role of the spindle pole during the two meiotic divisions. (biologists.org)
- The two asters are the poles of the spindle apparatus. (thefreedictionary.com)
Cells24
- It was shown that exogenously added NuMA antigen/antibody complex bound only to the mitotic spindle poles of permeabilized primate cells and not to the spindle poles of other mammalian cells, thus demonstrating the specificity of the spindle-pole interaction. (nih.gov)
- This is consistent with the localization of Esp1 to the spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and mitotic spindle observed in live cells and the kinetics of Esp1 spindle association. (rupress.org)
- Here, working at the resolution limit of the method, we describe a correlative light-SBF-SEM workflow to resolve microtubules of the mitotic spindle in human cells. (biologists.org)
- In readiness for cell division, eukaryotic cells build a mitotic spindle. (biologists.org)
- In human cells, the mitotic spindle is a fusiform structure, which at metaphase is virtually spherical. (biologists.org)
- Binding studies demonstrated that the NH 2 terminus of TPX2 can directly interact with the COOH-terminal catalytic domain of Aurora-A. Although kinase activity was not required for this interaction, TPX2 was readily phosphorylated by Aurora-A. Upon siRNA-mediated elimination of TPX2 from cells, the association of Aurora-A with the spindle microtubules was abolished, although its association with spindle poles was unaffected. (rupress.org)
- We report here the finding of abnormal Golgi apparatus morphology in motor neuron like cells depleted of SMN as well as Golgi apparatus morphology in SMA patient fibroblasts. (bioportfolio.com)
- During cell division, the mitotic spindle divides up duplicate DNA for the two future daughter cells. (eurekalert.org)
- Many millions of times per day, football-shaped structures called mitotic spindles form within the body's cells as they prepare to divide. (eurekalert.org)
- In order to segregate chromosomes into the two emerging cells, the spindle itself needs a bipolar structure, and so the microtubules must be sorted to align with the long pole-to-pole axis of the spindle. (eurekalert.org)
- In 4.1R-depleted mitotic cells, efficient centrosome separation is reduced, resulting in monopolar spindle formation. (asm.org)
- Aurora A, which is also present in human cells, is known to play a crucial role in the control of spindle assembly, and is activated on the astral microtubules. (uni-muenchen.de)
- a group of blind-ending SPINDLE MICROTUBULES radiating out from the CENTRIOLES of dividing cells in lower plants and all animals. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Correct orientation of the mitotic spindle in stem cells underlies organogenesis. (elsevier.com)
- These pathological responses are conserved in seminiferous tubules from Gravin −/− mice where an overabundance of Oct3/4 positive germ line stem cells displays randomized orientation of mitotic spindles. (elsevier.com)
- Nuclear membrane reforms, spindle apparatus disappears, and cytosol and organelles are split between the two daughter cells through cytokinesis. (studystack.com)
- Interestingly, the size of most intracellular structures scales with cell size, i.e. larger cells tend to have larger nucleus and spindles. (aps.org)
- Depleted mitotic cells show a prolonged duration of prometaphase, with spindle pole defects and with unattached, unaligned chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
- This mutant form of NuMA lacked exon 22 and was therefore thought to lack binding to spindle microtubules in mitotic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- The stratified golden layer above the needle in panel A is an undiluted cell lysate that supports many reactions found in cells including the assembly of the spindle apparatus in a test tube. (carnegiescience.edu)
- When cells divide, Lis1 controls orientation of the mitotic spindle, an apparatus of subcellular fibers that segregates chromosomes during cell division. (eurekalert.org)
- The complexity of the relationship between kinetochores and the mitotic spindle reflects the requirement for accurate distribution of the genetic material between dividing cells. (fsu.edu)
- T1 - Curcumin disrupts mitotic spindle structure and induces micronucleation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. (openraam.eu)
- In situ immunostaining of testicular germ cells (GC2) shows that AKAP121 concentrates on mitochondria in interphase and on mitotic spindles during M phase. (elsevier.com)
Centrosome3
- The female meiotic spindle lacks a centrosome or microtubule-organizing center in many organisms. (genetics.org)
- Our data confirm that NuMA is important for spindle pole formation, and for cohesion of centrosome-derived microtubules with the bulk of spindle microtubules. (biomedcentral.com)
- Formation of mitotic spindle is preceded by duplication of centrosome during S phase. (exbio.cz)
Depletion3
- B-E. Representative images ( B ) show that xBuGZ depletion reduced astral MT length, bipolar spindle formation and length, which were all rescued by His-xBuGZ. (nih.gov)
- F-H. xBuGZ depletion caused multiple sperm spindle defects ( F ), which was rescued by His-xBuGZ ( G , H ). ~500 ( G ) and ~50 ( H ) structures were analyzed in each experiment and condition. (nih.gov)
- Depletion of TBK1 was shown to trigger defects in spindle apparatus and prevents mitotic progression (Pillai et al. (aacrjournals.org)
Microscopy1
- These photos were taken with confocal fluorescence microscopy of eggs stained with special dyes to show the spindles and chromosomes. (advancedfertility.com)
Microtubules in the spindle2
- It helps coordinate and govern the speed and location of the microtubules in the spindle. (eurekalert.org)
- Other microtubules in the spindle (not attached to centromeres) are termed polar microtubules, and these help form and maintain the spindle structure along with astral microtubules, which remain outside the spindle. (fsu.edu)
Centrioles2
- Thus, centrioles are not obligatory organelles of the spindle apparatus. (biologists.org)
- Chromosomes condense, centrioles move to poles and the spindle apparatus forms. (studystack.com)
Chromatin3
- Shown are maximum intensity projections of the chromatin masses of oocyte meiotic spindles. (nih.gov)
- The duplicated chromatin condenses, spindle apparatus forms, nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappears, homologous chromosomes intertwine (synapsis) resulting in a tetrad of 4 chromatids which cross over. (studystack.com)
- The chromatin is stained with a blue fluorescent probe (DAPI), while the microtubule network (mitotic spindle) is stained green (Alexa Fluor 488) and cellular mitochondria are stained with a red dye (MitoTracker Red CMXRos). (fsu.edu)
Meiotic spindle assembly1
- An excellent study published in the medical journal "Human Reproduction" in October of 1996 investigated the influence of maternal age on meiotic spindle assembly in human eggs. (advancedfertility.com)
Xenopus1
- Roles of polymerization dynamics, opposed motors, and a tensile element in governing the length of Xenopus extract meiotic spindles. (semanticscholar.org)
Monopolar spindle1
- A tetraploid intermediate may be produced as the end-result of the monopolar spindle mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
Formation8
- Phosphorylation by p34cdc2 regulates spindle association of human Eg5, a kinesin-related motor essential for bipolar spindle formation in vivo. (nih.gov)
- In research published October 1 in Developmental Cell , scientists at The Rockefeller University reveal new insights into the mechanical forces that govern elements of the mitotic spindle formation. (eurekalert.org)
- As many kinesin-5 molecules work together directing microtubules, they become the governing force of the spindle formation. (eurekalert.org)
- The aster function is uncertain, but does not seem to be concerned with spindle formation. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Our study demonstrates how regulated phase separation can simultaneously enhance reaction efficiency and spatially coordinate microtubule nucleation, which may facilitate rapid and accurate spindle formation. (nature.com)
- The cumulative evidence from these experiments pointed towards a function of NuMA in crosslinking microtubules at the spindle poles, enabling the formation and maintenance of the bipolar spindle apparatus. (biomedcentral.com)
- Upon nuclear envelope breakdown, formation of spindle apparatus is finalized by binding chromosomal kinetochores to centrosomal microtubules. (exbio.cz)
- Thus we propose that bipolar kinesin motors and MTs interact by a 'sliding filament mechanism' during the formation and function of the mitotic spindle. (elsevier.com)
Orientation1
- We illustrate how Pitx2 activity directs asymmetrical gonad morphogenesis by controlling mitotic spindle orientation of the developing gonad cortex and how, by modulating cyclinD1 expression during asymmetric ovarian development, Pitx2 appears to control gonad organ size. (biomedsearch.com)
Muscle spindles3
- Neural activity from muscle spindles in the multifidus and longissimus muscles were recorded from L6 dorsal rootlets in 16 anesthetized cats. (chiro.org)
- This animal study showed that contact site for an HVLA-SM can have a significant effect on the magnitude of sensory input arising from muscle spindles in the back. (chiro.org)
- muscle spindles function and structure,What You are Looking For? (openraam.eu)
Opposite1
- Finally, they are arranged at the opposite poles of the spindle. (syvum.com)
Antibody1
- Antinuclear mitotic spindle apparatus antibody (MSA) and anticentromere antibody (ACA) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). (medscimonit.com)
Astral microtubules1
- Manipulating elements of the Gravin-Aurora A-Plk1 axis prompts mitotic delay and prevents appropriate assembly of astral microtubules to promote spindle misorientation. (elsevier.com)