Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.
A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).
Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.
Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the SPINAL CORD due to extramedullary neoplasm; EPIDURAL ABSCESS; SPINAL FRACTURES; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence.
Reduced blood flow to the spinal cord which is supplied by the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries. This condition may be associated with ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, trauma, emboli, diseases of the aorta, and other disorders. Prolonged ischemia may lead to INFARCTION of spinal cord tissue.
Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.
Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.
Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.
The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included.
Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.
Repair of the damaged neuron function after SPINAL CORD INJURY or SPINAL CORD DISEASES.
Spinal neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop on or in the spinal cord or surrounding tissues.
The cavity within the SPINAL COLUMN through which the SPINAL CORD passes.
The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK.
Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.
Severe or complete loss of motor function in all four limbs which may result from BRAIN DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; or rarely MUSCULAR DISEASES. The locked-in syndrome is characterized by quadriplegia in combination with cranial muscle paralysis. Consciousness is spared and the only retained voluntary motor activity may be limited eye movements. This condition is usually caused by a lesion in the upper BRAIN STEM which injures the descending cortico-spinal and cortico-bulbar tracts.
A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region.
Spinal diseases refer to medical conditions that affect the spine, including the vertebrae, discs, nerves, and supporting structures, and can cause pain, dysfunction, and other symptoms.
The flexible rope-like structure that connects a developing FETUS to the PLACENTA in mammals. The cord contains blood vessels which carry oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus and waste products away from the fetus.
Neurons in the SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN whose cell bodies and processes are confined entirely to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. They receive collateral or direct terminations of dorsal root fibers. They send their axons either directly to ANTERIOR HORN CELLS or to the WHITE MATTER ascending and descending longitudinal fibers.
A surgical procedure that entails removing all (laminectomy) or part (laminotomy) of selected vertebral lamina to relieve pressure on the SPINAL CORD and/or SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Vertebral lamina is the thin flattened posterior wall of vertebral arch that forms the vertebral foramen through which pass the spinal cord and nerve roots.
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.
A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.
Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.
Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.
Narrowing of the spinal canal.
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).
Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain.
Application of electric current to the spine for treatment of a variety of conditions involving innervation from the spinal cord.
Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.
Operative immobilization or ankylosis of two or more vertebrae by fusion of the vertebral bodies with a short bone graft or often with diskectomy or laminectomy. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed, p236; Dorland, 28th ed)
Injuries involving the vertebral column.
MOTOR NEURONS in the anterior (ventral) horn of the SPINAL CORD which project to SKELETAL MUSCLES.
Inflammation of the spinal cord. Relatively common etiologies include infections; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; SPINAL CORD; and ischemia (see also SPINAL CORD VASCULAR DISEASES). Clinical features generally include weakness, sensory loss, localized pain, incontinence, and other signs of autonomic dysfunction.
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.
Any operation on the spinal cord. (Stedman, 26th ed)
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.
A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum.
An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.
Application of electric current in treatment without the generation of perceptible heat. It includes electric stimulation of nerves or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of low intensity to raise the threshold of the skin to pain.
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.
X-ray visualization of the spinal cord following injection of contrast medium into the spinal arachnoid space.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
The spinal or vertebral column.
Space between the dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal.
Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center.
Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.
A rare epidural hematoma in the spinal epidural space, usually due to a vascular malformation (CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS) or TRAUMA. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a neurologic emergency due to a rapidly evolving compressive MYELOPATHY.
Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)
Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Peripheral AFFERENT NEURONS which are sensitive to injuries or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. Their cell bodies reside in the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA. Their peripheral terminals (NERVE ENDINGS) innervate target tissues and transduce noxious stimuli via axons to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE.
An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.
Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously and presumed to be of separate origin. The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites.
Common name for the only family (Petromyzontidae) of eellike fish in the order Petromyzontiformes. They are jawless but have a sucking mouth with horny teeth.
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.
The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)
The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.
A syndrome associated with damage to the spinal cord above the mid thoracic level (see SPINAL CORD INJURIES) characterized by a marked increase in the sympathetic response to minor stimuli such as bladder or rectal distention. Manifestations include HYPERTENSION; TACHYCARDIA (or reflex bradycardia); FEVER; FLUSHING; and HYPERHIDROSIS. Extreme hypertension may be associated with a STROKE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp538 and 1232; J Spinal Cord Med 1997;20(3):355-60)
Most generally any NEURONS which are not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose AXONS remain within a particular brain region in contrast to projection neurons, which have axons projecting to other brain regions.
Fibers that arise from cells within the cerebral cortex, pass through the medullary pyramid, and descend in the spinal cord. Many authorities say the pyramidal tracts include both the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts.
Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.
Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.
Osteitis or caries of the vertebrae, usually occurring as a complication of tuberculosis of the lungs.
The lipid-rich sheath surrounding AXONS in both the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myelin sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial cells (SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral and OLIGODENDROGLIA in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in DEMYELINATING DISEASES is a serious clinical problem.
The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.
Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.
Act of eliciting a response from a person or organism through physical contact.
The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.
Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin.
The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by stimulation along AFFERENT PATHWAYS from PERIPHERAL NERVES to CEREBRUM.
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.
The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.
Deformities of the SPINE characterized by abnormal bending or flexure in the vertebral column. They may be bending forward (KYPHOSIS), backward (LORDOSIS), or sideway (SCOLIOSIS).
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal (not the same as SATELLITE CELLS, PERINEURONAL of GANGLIA) according to their location. They form the insulating MYELIN SHEATH of axons in the central nervous system.
Either of a pair of tubular structures formed by DUCTUS DEFERENS; ARTERIES; VEINS; LYMPHATIC VESSELS; and nerves. The spermatic cord extends from the deep inguinal ring through the INGUINAL CANAL to the TESTIS in the SCROTUM.
A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.
Longitudinal cavities in the spinal cord, most often in the cervical region, which may extend for multiple spinal levels. The cavities are lined by dense, gliogenous tissue and may be associated with SPINAL CORD NEOPLASMS; spinal cord traumatic injuries; and vascular malformations. Syringomyelia is marked clinically by pain and PARESTHESIA, muscular atrophy of the hands, and analgesia with thermoanesthesia of the hands and arms, but with the tactile sense preserved (sensory dissociation). Lower extremity spasticity and incontinence may also develop. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1269)
Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause.
A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a "free interval") followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)
Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. Such impulses are conducted via efferent neurons (NEURONS, EFFERENT), such as MOTOR NEURONS, autonomic neurons, and hypophyseal neurons.
An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.
The lower part of the SPINAL CORD consisting of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerve roots.
A group of recessively inherited diseases that feature progressive muscular atrophy and hypotonia. They are classified as type I (Werdnig-Hoffman disease), type II (intermediate form), and type III (Kugelberg-Welander disease). Type I is fatal in infancy, type II has a late infantile onset and is associated with survival into the second or third decade. Type III has its onset in childhood, and is slowly progressive. (J Med Genet 1996 Apr:33(4):281-3)
Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.
A surgical operation for the relief of pressure in a body compartment or on a body part. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
An intermediate filament protein found only in glial cells or cells of glial origin. MW 51,000.
Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions.
Broken bones in the vertebral column.
Chairs mounted on wheels and designed to be propelled by the occupant.

Extraneural metastasizing ependymoma of the spinal cord. (1/586)

This paper reports a case of the rare entity of an extraneural metastasizing ependymoma of the spinal cord. The tumor which arose in the conus medullaris and in the cauda equina was first diagnosed in 1956 when a thoracolumbar myeloresection was performed. At autopsy, 40 years after the primary diagnosis, a massive local tumor recurrence with extraneural metastases in the lungs, the pleura, the liver, and the thoracal and abdominal lymph nodes were found. Immunohistochemical stains of the extraneural metastases showed a strong cytoplasmatic expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Neither the primary tumor nor its metastases showed any of the conventional morphological criteria of malignancy. Reviewing the literature we discuss the possible mechanism of extraneural tumor spread and the incidence of metastases with regard to the tumor type.  (+info)

Recurrent spinal epidural metastases: a prospective study with a complete follow up. (2/586)

OBJECTIVES: Prospective studies with a complete follow up in patients with spinal epidural metastases (SEM) are rare, so little is known of the incidence and relevance of recurrent spinal epidural metastases (RSEM). This prospective study was undertaken as a part of a previously started and extended prospective study to determine the occurrence and details of RSEM. METHODS: Patients with SEM of various primary malignancies were followed up until death. The diagnosis was confirmed after neurological examination by imaging studies visualising not only the clinically suspected level, but also as much of the spinal canal as possible. RESULTS: Recurrent spinal epidural metastases (RSEM) occurred in 21 of the 103 patients (20%) after a median interval of 7 months and, after treatment, a second recurrence occurred in 11 patients (11%), a third recurrence in two patients (2%), and a sixth recurrence in one patient (1%). RSEM developed about as often at the initial level (55%) as at a different level (45%), did not occur more often in patients with initially multiple SEM, but, not surprisingly, occurred much more often in patients with longer survival. About one half of the patients surviving 2 years, and nearly all patients surviving 3 years or longer developed RSEM. Ambulatory state could be preserved in most patients, even after their second recurrence. CONCLUSION: RSEM are common and even several episodes of RSEM in the same patient are not rare. Patients with SEM who survive long enough have a high risk of RSEM and prompt treatment of RSEM to maintain the ambulatory state of the patient is valuable.  (+info)

Phase I trial of methotrexate-albumin in a weekly intravenous bolus regimen in cancer patients. Phase I Study Group of the Association for Medical Oncology of the German Cancer Society. (3/586)

Methotrexate-albumin conjugate (MTX-HSA) is a novel human albumin-based prodrug conjugate of methotrexate (MTX). A low MTX loading rate provided optimal tumor targeting and therapeutic efficacy during preclinical testing. The objectives of this first Phase I study of MTX-HSA were to determine dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in a weekly regimen. Seventeen cancer patients who were no longer amenable to standard treatment were enrolled and were evaluable for DLT. Up to eight injections were performed in weekly intervals. Dose escalation was as follows: 20, 40, 50, and then 60 mg/m2 MTX-HSA (based on the amount of MTX bound to albumin). Additional MTX-HSA courses were feasible in case of tumor response. DLT (mainly stomatitis, Common Toxicity Criteria grade 3) occurred, beginning at the 50 mg/m2 dose level after repeated administrations; in one case, thrombocytopenia was dose-limiting. Two events of DLT occurred at the 60 mg/m2 dose level within the first two administrations. Mild anemia, transaminitis, and one case of skin toxicity were found. No significant leukopenia, nausea, renal toxicity, or other toxicities were observed. MTX-HSA was well tolerated. Drug accumulation occurred on the weekly schedule. The half-life of the drug was estimated to be up to 3 weeks. Tumor responses were seen in three patients: (a) a partial response was seen in one patient with renal cell carcinoma (response duration, 30 months, ongoing); (b) a minor response was seen in one patient with pleural mesothelioma (response duration, 31 months, ongoing); and (c) a minor response was seen in one patient with renal cell carcinoma (response duration, 14 months until progression). Poststudy treatment was administered at 2-4-week intervals. No signs of toxicity or drug accumulation were seen. Altered pharmacological properties of MTX-HSA such as plasma half-life, tumor targeting, or intracellular metabolism might have contributed to these responses. The MTD for weekly administration was 4 x 50 mg/m2 MTX-HSA during short-term treatment. A regimen with MTX-HSA injections of 50 mg/m2 every 2 weeks was recommended for a further clinical Phase I study.  (+info)

Diffusion tensor MR imaging and comparative histology of glioma engrafted in the rat spinal cord. (4/586)

MR imaging using contrast material derived from the diffusion of tissue water was tested for its ability to provide a nondestructive histologic analysis of tumor morphology. An apparent diffusion tensor MR image of a glioma engrafted within a rat spinal cord was generated in which fiber orientation in three dimensions was displayed in color. This imaging method clearly separated tumor from host white and gray matter and corresponded well with conventional histologic microscopy.  (+info)

Second lung adenocarcinoma after combination chemotherapy in two patients with primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (5/586)

We report a rare complication of a secondary malignant solid tumor in two patients with non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma who developed lung adenocarcinoma after treatments with combination chemotherapies. The first was a case of primary malignant lymphoma of the cervical spinal cord which had been previously treated with radiation to the spinal lesion and combination chemotherapies and entered complete remission. The patient was further treated for relapse with autologous bone marrow transplantation preconditioned with high-dose chemotherapy. Lung adenocarcinoma developed 5.5 years after the initial diagnosis. The second case of malignant lymphoma of lymph nodes did not respond to conventional combination chemotherapies and did not enter remission. Lung adenocarcinoma developed 1 year after the initial diagnosis. The two patients died of lung carcinoma. The clinical profiles of these cases are presented and the causal relationship of primary malignant neoplasms to the second malignant neoplasms is discussed.  (+info)

Molecular genetic analysis of ependymal tumors. NF2 mutations and chromosome 22q loss occur preferentially in intramedullary spinal ependymomas. (6/586)

Ependymal tumors are heterogeneous with regard to morphology, localization, age at first clinical manifestation, and prognosis. Several molecular alterations have been reported in these tumors, including allelic losses on chromosomes 10, 17, and 22 and mutations in the NF2 gene. However, in contrast to astrocytic gliomas, no consistent molecular alterations have been associated with distinct types of ependymal tumors. To evaluate whether morphological subsets of ependymomas are characterized by specific genetic lesions, we analyzed a series of 62 ependymal tumors, including myxopapillary ependymomas, subependymomas, ependymomas, and anaplastic ependymomas, for allelic losses on chromosome arms 10q and 22q and mutations in the PTEN and NF2 genes. Allelic losses on 10q and 22q were detected in 5 of 56 and 12 of 54 tumors, respectively. Six ependymomas carried somatic NF2 mutations, whereas no mutations were detected in the PTEN gene. All six of the NF2 mutations occurred in ependymomas of WHO grade II and were exclusively observed in tumors with a spinal localization (P = 0.0063). These findings suggest that a considerable fraction of spinal ependymomas are associated with molecular events involving chromosome 22 and that mutations in the NF2 gene may be of primary importance for their genesis. Furthermore, our data suggest that the more favorable clinical course of spinal ependymomas may relate to a distinct pattern of genetic alterations different from that of intracerebral ependymomas.  (+info)

Association of lower cranial nerve schwannoma with spinal ependymoma in ? NF2. (7/586)

A 15 year old male, who had earlier been operated for intraspinal intramedullary ependymoma, subsequently developed a right cerebello pontine (CP) angle mass. A diagnosis of right CP angle ependymoma was considered, in view of established histology of previously operated spinal lesion. Histopathological examination of the well defined extra-axial mass, which was attached with ninth cranial nerve, however revealed a schwannoma. A diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis-2 (NF2) is strongly suspected, because of well established fact, that the spinal ependymomas may have association with lower cranial nerve schwannomas in NF2. Cranial and spinal MRI screening for early diagnosis of associated, asymptomatic lesions, in suspected cases of NF2, particularly in children, is recommended.  (+info)

Management of intramedullary spinal cord tumours: review of 68 patients. (8/586)

68 consecutive patients admitted with intramedullary spinal cord tumours and operated at Vellore during a six year period from January 1990 are discussed. 41 tumours were radically resected, 11 partially excised while 14 had only a biopsy. Radiation therapy was advised post operatively to those patients for whom a partial excision or biopsy was done. There was no postoperative mortality. Two patients developed wound infection and one developed postoperative hydrocephalus. Postoperative clinical assessment between four to eight weeks after surgery showed that 25 out of 68 patients improved, 29 remained unchanged, while 14 had worsening of deficits. Immediate post operative assessment, however, was less encouraging. Evaluation of these patients was done using a functional scoring system and Karnofsky rating. The follow up period ranged from 2 weeks to 64 months after discharge from hospital with a mean of 14.6 months. The indicators of radical excision were good tumour-cord interface, cranially located tumours, presence of syringomyelia and histology of ependymoma. Two patients had recurrence of tumour.  (+info)

Spinal cord neoplasms are tumors that develop in the spinal cord, which is a bundle of nerves that runs from the base of the brain down through the back. These tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can occur at any point along the length of the spinal cord. Spinal cord neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on their location and size. Some common symptoms include back pain, weakness or numbness in the arms or legs, difficulty walking or standing, and changes in bladder or bowel function. In some cases, spinal cord neoplasms can also cause problems with sensation, coordination, and balance. Diagnosis of spinal cord neoplasms typically involves a combination of imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans, and a physical examination by a healthcare provider. Treatment options for spinal cord neoplasms depend on the type and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are a type of injury that occurs when the spinal cord is damaged or disrupted, usually as a result of trauma or disease. The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that runs down the back of the neck and lower back, and it is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. When the spinal cord is injured, it can result in a range of symptoms, depending on the location and severity of the injury. These can include loss of sensation or movement in the affected area, difficulty with bladder or bowel control, and changes in sexual function. SCI can be caused by a variety of factors, including car accidents, falls, sports injuries, and acts of violence. Treatment for SCI typically involves a combination of medical and rehabilitative care, and the goal is to help individuals with SCI regain as much function as possible and improve their quality of life.

Spinal cord diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the spinal cord, which is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nerves that runs from the base of the brain down through the back. The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body, and any damage to the spinal cord can result in a range of symptoms and complications. Spinal cord diseases can be classified into several categories, including: 1. Inflammatory diseases: These are conditions that cause inflammation of the spinal cord, such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord inflammation, and transverse myelitis. 2. Traumatic injuries: These are injuries to the spinal cord caused by accidents, falls, or other external forces, such as spinal cord compression, spinal cord contusion, and spinal cord avulsion. 3. Tumors: These are abnormal growths of cells that can develop on or within the spinal cord, such as spinal cord tumors, schwannomas, and meningiomas. 4. Degenerative diseases: These are conditions that cause the spinal cord to deteriorate over time, such as spinal stenosis, spinal cord compression, and spinal cord atrophy. 5. Genetic disorders: These are conditions that are caused by genetic mutations and can affect the spinal cord, such as spinal muscular atrophy, Friedreich's ataxia, and spinal muscular dystrophy. Spinal cord diseases can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, numbness, weakness, loss of sensation, difficulty walking, and loss of bladder or bowel control. Treatment for spinal cord diseases depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition, and may include medications, physical therapy, surgery, or other interventions.

Spinal cord compression is a medical condition in which the spinal cord is compressed or squeezed, leading to damage or dysfunction of the spinal cord. This can occur due to a variety of factors, including injury, disease, or tumors. The spinal cord is a long, thin bundle of nerves that runs down the center of the spinal column, or spine. It is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body, controlling movement, sensation, and other bodily functions. When the spinal cord is compressed, it can disrupt these signals and cause a range of symptoms, depending on the location and severity of the compression. Symptoms of spinal cord compression may include pain or discomfort in the back or neck, weakness or numbness in the arms or legs, difficulty walking or standing, loss of bladder or bowel control, and changes in sensation or reflexes. In severe cases, spinal cord compression can lead to paralysis or even death. Treatment for spinal cord compression depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the compression. In some cases, conservative treatments such as rest, physical therapy, or medication may be sufficient to relieve symptoms and prevent further damage. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and restore function.

Spinal cord ischemia is a medical condition that occurs when the spinal cord is deprived of blood flow, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord cells. This can result in damage to the spinal cord and can cause a range of symptoms, including weakness, numbness, and loss of sensation in the affected area. There are several causes of spinal cord ischemia, including atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries), blood clots, and trauma to the spine. Treatment for spinal cord ischemia depends on the underlying cause and may include medications to dissolve blood clots, surgery to repair damaged blood vessels, or physical therapy to help patients regain strength and mobility. In severe cases, spinal cord ischemia can lead to permanent paralysis or even death.

Paraplegia is a medical condition characterized by the loss of sensation and movement in the lower half of the body, including the legs and sometimes the pelvis and lower abdomen. It is usually caused by damage to the spinal cord, which can occur as a result of trauma, disease, or infection. In paraplegia, the affected individual may retain some sensation and movement in the upper half of the body, including the arms and hands. However, they may have difficulty with activities such as walking, standing, and bowel and bladder control. The severity of paraplegia can vary widely, depending on the location and extent of the spinal cord damage. Some individuals with paraplegia may be able to walk with the assistance of braces or other mobility aids, while others may be completely paralyzed from the waist down. Treatment for paraplegia typically involves a combination of physical therapy, medication, and assistive devices to help individuals maintain their independence and quality of life. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged spinal cord tissue.

Spinal neoplasms refer to tumors that develop in or on the spinal cord or spinal column. These tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Spinal neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on their location and size. Some common symptoms include back pain, weakness or numbness in the arms or legs, difficulty walking or standing, and changes in bladder or bowel function. Diagnosis of spinal neoplasms typically involves a combination of imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Treatment options for spinal neoplasms may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the type and location of the tumor, as well as the overall health of the patient.

Quadriplegia is a type of paralysis that affects all four limbs and sometimes the trunk of the body. It is caused by damage to the spinal cord, which can result from a variety of factors such as trauma, infection, or tumors. Quadriplegia can be classified as complete or incomplete, depending on the extent of the damage to the spinal cord and the degree of muscle weakness and loss of sensation. Complete quadriplegia results in total paralysis of all four limbs and the trunk, while incomplete quadriplegia may result in some muscle function and sensation remaining. Treatment for quadriplegia typically involves physical therapy, assistive devices, and medications to manage symptoms such as pain and muscle spasms.

Spinal diseases refer to a wide range of medical conditions that affect the spine, which is the column of bones in the back that protects the spinal cord. These conditions can affect any part of the spine, including the vertebrae, discs, nerves, muscles, ligaments, and other supporting structures. Some common spinal diseases include: 1. Herniated disc: A condition where the soft tissue inside a spinal disc bulges out through a tear in the outer layer. 2. Degenerative disc disease: A condition where the discs between the vertebrae in the spine break down over time, causing pain and stiffness. 3. Spinal stenosis: A condition where the spinal canal narrows, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. 4. Scoliosis: A condition where the spine curves abnormally to the side. 5. Osteoporosis: A condition where the bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures. 6. Spinal cord injury: An injury to the spinal cord that can result in loss of sensation, movement, or other functions below the level of the injury. 7. Spinal tumors: Tumors that grow on or in the spine, which can cause pain, weakness, and other symptoms. 8. Spondylolisthesis: A condition where one vertebra slips over another, causing pain and instability in the spine. These conditions can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, injury, age, and lifestyle factors such as poor posture and repetitive strain. Treatment for spinal diseases may include medication, physical therapy, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Spinal stenosis is a medical condition that occurs when the spinal canal, which is the channel that runs through the spine and contains the spinal cord, becomes narrowed. This narrowing can put pressure on the spinal cord and the nerves that exit from the spinal cord, leading to a variety of symptoms. There are several types of spinal stenosis, including foraminal stenosis, central stenosis, and foraminal-central stenosis. Foraminal stenosis occurs when the openings that allow the nerves to exit the spinal canal become narrowed. Central stenosis occurs when the spinal canal itself becomes narrowed. Foraminal-central stenosis is a combination of both types of stenosis. Symptoms of spinal stenosis can include back pain, leg pain, numbness or tingling in the legs, weakness in the legs, and difficulty walking. In severe cases, spinal stenosis can lead to loss of bladder or bowel control. Treatment for spinal stenosis may include physical therapy, pain medication, and lifestyle changes such as exercise and weight loss. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.

Pancreatic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the pancreas, a gland located in the abdomen behind the stomach. These neoplasms can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Pancreatic neoplasms can occur in various parts of the pancreas, including the exocrine gland (which produces digestive enzymes), the endocrine gland (which produces hormones), and the ducts (which carry digestive juices from the pancreas to the small intestine). Symptoms of pancreatic neoplasms can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor, but may include abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), nausea, vomiting, and unexplained fatigue. Diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms typically involves imaging tests such as CT scans, MRI scans, or ultrasound, as well as blood tests and biopsies. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the type and stage of the neoplasm.

Spinal injuries refer to any damage or trauma that affects the spinal cord or the surrounding structures, such as the vertebrae, discs, ligaments, or muscles. These injuries can range from minor to severe and can result from a variety of causes, including falls, car accidents, sports injuries, and acts of violence. Spinal injuries can be classified into two main categories: complete and incomplete. A complete spinal cord injury results in a complete loss of function below the level of the injury, while an incomplete spinal cord injury results in some remaining function below the level of the injury. The severity of a spinal injury is typically determined by the level of the injury on the spinal cord, the extent of the damage, and the presence of any associated injuries. Treatment for spinal injuries may include surgery, physical therapy, and rehabilitation, depending on the severity and location of the injury.

Myelitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the spinal cord, which is a bundle of nerves that runs from the brain down through the back of the neck and back to the pelvis. The inflammation can cause damage to the spinal cord, leading to a range of symptoms, including pain, weakness, numbness, and tingling sensations in the affected area. Myelitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections, autoimmune disorders, and certain medications. Some common causes of myelitis include viral infections such as herpes simplex virus, West Nile virus, and poliovirus, as well as bacterial infections such as tuberculosis and Lyme disease. Autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica can also cause myelitis. The symptoms of myelitis can vary depending on the location and severity of the inflammation. In some cases, the symptoms may be mild and resolve on their own, while in other cases, they can be severe and require medical treatment. Treatment for myelitis typically involves managing symptoms and addressing the underlying cause of the inflammation. This may include medications, physical therapy, and other supportive care.

In the medical field, neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors of cells that can occur in any part of the body. These growths can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are usually slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. They can cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, or difficulty moving the affected area. Examples of benign neoplasms include lipomas (fatty tumors), hemangiomas (vascular tumors), and fibromas (fibrous tumors). Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. They can cause a wide range of symptoms, depending on the location and stage of the cancer. Examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinomas (cancers that start in epithelial cells), sarcomas (cancers that start in connective tissue), and leukemias (cancers that start in blood cells). The diagnosis of neoplasms typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans), and biopsy (the removal of a small sample of tissue for examination under a microscope). Treatment options for neoplasms depend on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences.

In the medical field, paralysis refers to a loss of muscle function or weakness in one or more areas of the body. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including injury, disease, or neurological disorders. There are several types of paralysis, including: 1. Complete paralysis: This is when a person is unable to move any part of their body. 2. Partial paralysis: This is when a person has some muscle function, but not all of it. 3. Flaccid paralysis: This is when the muscles are weak and floppy, and the person may have difficulty moving or maintaining their posture. 4. Spastic paralysis: This is when the muscles are tight and tense, and the person may have difficulty controlling their movements. Paralysis can affect any part of the body, including the arms, legs, face, and voice. It can be temporary or permanent, and can range from mild to severe. Treatment for paralysis depends on the underlying cause and can include physical therapy, medication, surgery, or other interventions.

In the medical field, pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Pain is a complex phenomenon that involves both physical and emotional components, and it can be caused by a variety of factors, including injury, illness, inflammation, and nerve damage. Pain can be acute or chronic, and it can be localized to a specific area of the body or can affect the entire body. Acute pain is typically short-lived and is a normal response to injury or illness. Chronic pain, on the other hand, persists for more than three months and can be caused by a variety of factors, including nerve damage, inflammation, and psychological factors. In the medical field, pain is typically assessed using a pain scale, such as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), which measures pain intensity on a scale of 0 to 10. Treatment for pain depends on the underlying cause and can include medications, physical therapy, and other interventions.

Muscular atrophy, spinal, is a medical condition characterized by the wasting away or shrinkage of muscles in the spinal cord. This type of atrophy is caused by damage or injury to the spinal cord, which can result from a variety of factors such as trauma, disease, or surgery. Symptoms of spinal muscular atrophy may include weakness or paralysis in the affected muscles, difficulty with movement or coordination, and muscle cramps or spasms. The severity of the condition can vary widely depending on the extent of the spinal cord damage and the location of the affected muscles. Treatment for spinal muscular atrophy typically involves a combination of physical therapy, medication, and assistive devices such as braces or wheelchairs. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to address underlying spinal cord damage or to improve mobility and function.

In the medical field, "Disease Models, Animal" refers to the use of animals to study and understand human diseases. These models are created by introducing a disease or condition into an animal, either naturally or through experimental manipulation, in order to study its progression, symptoms, and potential treatments. Animal models are used in medical research because they allow scientists to study diseases in a controlled environment and to test potential treatments before they are tested in humans. They can also provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of a disease and help to identify new therapeutic targets. There are many different types of animal models used in medical research, including mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys. Each type of animal has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of model depends on the specific disease being studied and the research question being addressed.

Neoplasms, cystic, mucinous, and serous are types of tumors that can occur in various organs of the body. Cystic neoplasms are tumors that are filled with fluid or semi-solid material. They can be benign or malignant and can occur in various organs, including the liver, kidneys, ovaries, and pancreas. Mucinous neoplasms are tumors that produce a thick, gelatinous substance called mucus. They can be benign or malignant and are most commonly found in the ovaries, appendix, and colon. Serous neoplasms are tumors that produce a clear, watery fluid called serous fluid. They can be benign or malignant and are most commonly found in the ovaries, peritoneum, and pleura. It's important to note that not all cystic, mucinous, and serous neoplasms are cancerous, and some may be benign and not require treatment. However, it's important to have any suspicious cystic, mucinous, or serous neoplasm evaluated by a medical professional to determine the best course of action.

Hyperalgesia is a medical condition characterized by an increased sensitivity to pain. It is a type of pain that is caused by an overactive nervous system, which results in a heightened perception of pain in response to a normal or low-intensity stimulus. Hyperalgesia can be caused by a variety of factors, including injury, inflammation, nerve damage, and certain medical conditions such as fibromyalgia, chronic pain syndrome, and multiple sclerosis. It can also be a side effect of certain medications, such as opioids. Symptoms of hyperalgesia may include increased pain sensitivity, a heightened response to touch or pressure, and a reduced ability to tolerate pain. Treatment for hyperalgesia may involve a combination of medications, physical therapy, and other interventions aimed at reducing pain and improving quality of life.

Neuralgia is a medical condition characterized by pain that is felt along the path of a nerve. It is caused by damage or irritation to the nerve, which can result in a variety of symptoms, including sharp, stabbing, or burning pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness. Neuralgia can affect any nerve in the body, but it is most commonly associated with the trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensation to the face. There are several different types of neuralgia, including trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and postherpetic neuralgia. Treatment for neuralgia typically involves medications to manage pain and other symptoms, as well as lifestyle changes and physical therapy. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat the underlying cause of the neuralgia.

The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ located in the pelvis that stores urine until it is eliminated from the body through the urethra. The term "neurogenic" refers to a condition or disorder that is caused by damage or dysfunction of the nervous system. Therefore, "Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic" refers to a condition where the normal functioning of the urinary bladder is affected due to damage or dysfunction of the nervous system. This can result in a variety of symptoms, such as difficulty emptying the bladder, frequent urination, and incontinence. The underlying cause of neurogenic bladder can be a variety of conditions, including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes. Treatment for neurogenic bladder typically involves a combination of medications, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery.

Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal is a medical condition that refers to the accumulation of blood within the epidural space of the spinal cord. The epidural space is a potential space between the dura mater (outermost layer of the spinal cord) and the outer layer of the spinal canal. An epidural hematoma can occur due to a variety of reasons, including trauma, bleeding disorders, or the use of anticoagulant medications. The accumulation of blood in the epidural space can put pressure on the spinal cord, leading to symptoms such as back pain, weakness, numbness, and loss of sensation in the legs or arms. If left untreated, an epidural hematoma can cause permanent damage to the spinal cord, leading to paralysis or even death. Treatment typically involves surgical evacuation of the hematoma to relieve pressure on the spinal cord.

Multiple primary neoplasms, also known as synchronous or metachronous neoplasms, are two or more neoplasms (cancerous or non-cancerous tumors) that occur in the same individual at the same time or at different times. In the medical field, multiple primary neoplasms can occur in different organs or tissues of the body, and they can be either cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign). The occurrence of multiple primary neoplasms can be due to various factors, including genetic predisposition, exposure to environmental toxins, lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption, and certain medical conditions such as immunosuppression. The diagnosis of multiple primary neoplasms typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy of the tumors. Treatment options depend on the type, location, and stage of the neoplasms, as well as the overall health of the individual.

Skin neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop on the skin. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Skin neoplasms can occur anywhere on the body and can vary in size, shape, and color. Some common types of skin neoplasms include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and keratosis. These growths can be treated with a variety of methods, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. It is important to have any unusual skin growths evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment.

Autonomic dysreflexia is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when there is an overreaction of the autonomic nervous system in response to a noxious stimulus, such as a urinary tract infection, injury, or manipulation of an intravenous line. This overreaction can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and sweating, which can lead to a stroke or other serious complications if not treated promptly. Autonomic dysreflexia is most commonly seen in people with spinal cord injuries above the T6 level, but it can also occur in people with other conditions that affect the autonomic nervous system. Treatment typically involves medications to lower blood pressure and prevent complications, as well as prompt medical attention if symptoms become severe.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Spinal tuberculosis, also known as Pott's disease, is a form of TB that affects the vertebrae in the spine. It is a serious condition that can lead to deformity of the spine, paralysis, and other complications if left untreated. Spinal TB typically affects the thoracic spine, which is the middle section of the spine that supports the rib cage. The infection can spread from other parts of the body, such as the lungs, to the spine through the bloodstream. It can also spread from one vertebra to another through the intervertebral discs. Symptoms of spinal TB may include back pain, stiffness, and tenderness, as well as fever, night sweats, and weight loss. In severe cases, the infection can cause the vertebrae to collapse, leading to spinal deformity and paralysis. Treatment for spinal TB typically involves a combination of antibiotics and surgery to remove any damaged bone or tissue. It is important to diagnose and treat spinal TB promptly to prevent complications and improve the chances of a full recovery.

Contusions, also known as bruises, are a type of injury that occurs when blood vessels in the skin and underlying tissues are damaged, causing bleeding into the surrounding tissue. This can result in a discoloration of the skin, usually appearing as a dark, blue or purple mark. Contusions can be caused by a variety of factors, including blunt trauma, falls, and sports injuries. They are typically not serious and can be treated with rest, ice, compression, and elevation. In some cases, however, more severe contusions may require medical attention.

Kidney neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the kidneys. These tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Kidney neoplasms are also known as renal neoplasms or renal tumors. There are several types of kidney neoplasms, including: 1. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC): This is the most common type of kidney cancer and accounts for about 80-90% of all kidney neoplasms. 2. Wilms tumor: This is a type of kidney cancer that is most common in children. 3. Angiomyolipoma: This is a benign tumor that is made up of fat, smooth muscle, and blood vessels. 4. Oncocytoma: This is a benign tumor that is made up of cells that resemble normal kidney cells. 5. Papillary renal cell carcinoma: This is a type of kidney cancer that is less common than RCC but has a better prognosis. 6. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma: This is a type of kidney cancer that is the most common in adults and has a poor prognosis. The diagnosis of kidney neoplasms typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, as well as a biopsy to confirm the type and stage of the tumor. Treatment options for kidney neoplasms depend on the type, size, and stage of the tumor, as well as the overall health of the patient. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy.

Spinal curvatures refer to the natural curves that exist in the spine. The spine has three main curves: the cervical curve (at the neck), the thoracic curve (in the chest), and the lumbar curve (in the lower back). These curves help to distribute the weight of the body and provide flexibility and stability to the spine. In the medical field, spinal curvatures are important for diagnosing and treating spinal conditions such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis. Scoliosis is a condition in which the spine has an abnormal curvature to one side, while kyphosis is a curvature of the spine that causes the upper back to become hunched forward. Lordosis is a curvature of the spine that causes the lower back to become excessively curved. Abnormal spinal curvatures can cause pain, discomfort, and decreased mobility. Treatment options may include physical therapy, bracing, and surgery, depending on the severity of the condition.

Syringomyelia is a medical condition characterized by the formation of fluid-filled cysts (syringes) within the spinal cord. These cysts can cause damage to the spinal cord and lead to a range of symptoms, including pain, weakness, numbness, and tingling in the arms and legs. Syringomyelia can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma to the spine, spinal cord infections, and inherited conditions such as Chiari malformation. The condition can also be idiopathic, meaning its cause is unknown. Diagnosis of syringomyelia typically involves imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans, which can show the presence of the cysts within the spinal cord. Treatment options for syringomyelia depend on the severity of the symptoms and the underlying cause of the condition. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the cysts or relieve pressure on the spinal cord. Other treatment options may include medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

In the medical field, "Neoplasms, Second Primary" refers to the development of a new cancer in a person who has already been diagnosed with one or more primary cancers. This type of cancer is also known as a "metastatic cancer" or a "secondary cancer." When a person develops a second primary cancer, it means that the cancer has spread from its original location to a new part of the body. This can happen through the bloodstream, lymphatic system, or other means of spread. The development of a second primary cancer can be a complex and challenging situation for both the patient and their healthcare team. Treatment options may depend on the type and location of the second cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and medical history.

Muscle spasticity is a condition characterized by increased muscle tone or stiffness, which can result in difficulty with movement and range of motion. It occurs when the normal balance between the excitatory and inhibitory signals in the nervous system is disrupted, leading to an overactive response from the muscles. In the medical field, muscle spasticity is often seen in patients with neurological conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy. It can also be a symptom of certain genetic disorders, such as Huntington's disease. Symptoms of muscle spasticity may include muscle tightness, spasms, cramps, and difficulty with movement and coordination. Treatment options for muscle spasticity may include physical therapy, medication, and in some cases, surgery.

Strychnine is a highly toxic alkaloid found in certain plants, including the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree. It is known for its ability to stimulate the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as muscle spasms, convulsions, and hallucinations. In the medical field, strychnine is sometimes used as a muscle relaxant or as a treatment for certain types of muscle spasms. However, due to its toxicity, it is only used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional and is typically administered in very small doses. Strychnine is also used as a pesticide and is sometimes found in illicit drugs.

Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood (SMA) is a group of genetic disorders that affect the muscles responsible for movement. SMA is caused by a deficiency or absence of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, which is necessary for the development and maintenance of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem. There are four main types of SMA, which are classified based on the severity of the symptoms and the age of onset. Type I SMA, also known as Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, is the most severe form of SMA and typically presents in infancy, with symptoms including weakness and loss of muscle tone in the arms and legs, difficulty breathing, and poor head control. Type II SMA, also known as intermediate SMA, typically presents in early childhood and is characterized by progressive weakness and loss of muscle tone in the arms and legs, but with better head control and breathing ability than in type I SMA. Type III SMA, also known as Kugelberg-Welander disease, typically presents in late childhood or adolescence and is characterized by progressive weakness and loss of muscle tone in the arms and legs, but with better head control and breathing ability than in type I and II SMA. Type IV SMA, also known as adult-onset SMA, typically presents in adulthood and is characterized by progressive weakness and loss of muscle tone in the arms and legs, but with better head control and breathing ability than in the other types of SMA. SMA is a progressive disorder, meaning that the symptoms typically worsen over time. There is currently no cure for SMA, but there are treatments available that can help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. These treatments include physical therapy, respiratory support, and, in some cases, medication and surgery.

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is a protein that is primarily found in astrocytes, which are a type of glial cell in the central nervous system. GFAP is a structural protein that helps to maintain the shape and stability of astrocytes, and it is also involved in various cellular processes such as cell signaling and communication. In the medical field, GFAP is often used as a diagnostic marker for certain neurological conditions, particularly those that involve damage or dysfunction of astrocytes. For example, increased levels of GFAP in the cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissue have been associated with a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. Additionally, GFAP has been studied as a potential therapeutic target for these and other neurological conditions, as it plays a key role in astrocyte function and may be involved in the development and progression of disease.

Paraparesis is a medical term used to describe a type of partial paralysis that affects the lower extremities of the body. It is characterized by weakness or loss of muscle control on one or both sides of the body below the waist. Paraparesis can be caused by a variety of factors, including injury to the spinal cord, multiple sclerosis, stroke, spinal cord tumors, and infections such as polio or meningitis. The severity of paraparesis can vary widely, ranging from mild weakness to complete paralysis. Treatment for paraparesis depends on the underlying cause and can include physical therapy, medication, surgery, and other interventions. The goal of treatment is to improve muscle strength and function, prevent complications, and improve the patient's quality of life.

Spinal fractures refer to a break or crack in one or more of the bones that make up the spine, also known as vertebrae. These fractures can occur in the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions of the spine and can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, degenerative conditions, and tumors. Spinal fractures can be classified into several types, including compression fractures, burst fractures, andChance fractures. Compression fractures occur when the vertebrae are compressed, causing the bone to collapse. Burst fractures occur when the vertebrae are crushed, resulting in a "burst" or "explosion" of the bone. Chance fractures occur when the vertebrae are twisted or bent, causing a crack or fracture to occur. Spinal fractures can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, numbness, weakness, and difficulty moving. In severe cases, spinal fractures can lead to paralysis or even death if the spinal cord is damaged. Treatment for spinal fractures depends on the severity of the injury and may include rest, physical therapy, pain management, and surgery.

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"Tumefactive demyelination of the spinal cord: a case report". Spinal Cord. 53 (12): 877-880. doi:10.1038/sc.2015.52. PMID ... Symptoms also can mimic a neoplasm with symptoms such as headaches, aphasia, and/ or seizures.[13] There are some differences ... because in standard MS it is caused by demyelination or inflammation in the motor areas of the brain or the spinal cord. This ... and decrease in lesion size or detection of new lesions on serial imaging Tumefactive lesions can appear in the spinal cord, ...
... the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord), the spine and/or its overlying tissues. Neuroplastic surgery has adapted ... Immediate Single-Stage Cranioplasty Following Calvarial Resection for Benign and Malignant Skull Neoplasms Using Customized ... Approaches to brain tumors Removal of skull and craniofacial tumors Complex Approaches to the spine and spinal cord Complex ...
... and cord edema. Poorly defined margins may be more suggestive of astrocytoma, while a central location in the spinal cord, ... It is nearly impossible to differentiate ganglioglioma from other more common intramedullary neoplasms based on imaging alone. ... According to a series by Lang et al., reviewing several patients with resected spinal cord ganglioglioma, the 5- and 10-year ... In that study, patients with spinal cord ganglioglioma had a 3.5-fold higher relative risk of tumor recurrence compared to ...
... including the cerebral hemispheres and the spinal cord. These tumors are usually slow growing and benign, corresponding to WHO ... The location could prohibit access to the neoplasm and lead to incomplete or no resection at all. Left unattended, these tumors ... The complaints may vary depending on the location and size of the neoplasm. The most common symptoms are associated with ... surgeons may decide to monitor the neoplasm's evolution and postpone surgical intervention for some time. However, total ...
... central cord syndrome MeSH C21.866.819.678 - spinal cord compression MeSH C21.866.831.600 - spinal fractures MeSH C21.866. ... neoplasms, radiation-induced MeSH C21.866.733.579 - osteoradionecrosis MeSH C21.866.733.720 - radiation injuries, experimental ... spinal injuries MeSH C21.866.117.500.500 - spinal fractures MeSH C21.866.120.126 - blast injuries MeSH C21.866.120.248 - ... spinal fractures MeSH C21.866.404.875 - tibial fractures MeSH C21.866.404.937 - ulna fractures MeSH C21.866.404.937.547 - ...
"Consecutive Histological Changes in an Astroblastoma That Disseminated to the Spinal Cord after Repeated Intracranial ... often mistaking astroblastoma with glial neoplasms, high-grade astrocytes, and embryonal neoplasms. However, the "bubbly" ... even though it is entirely possible for lesions to proliferate toward the spinal cord. An enormous difficulty lies in ... the malignant spread of astroblastoma throughout the body may press against or paralyze the spinal cord, diminishing sensation ...
"Up-regulation of neural stem cell markers suggests the occurrence of dedifferentiation in regenerating spinal cord". ... Misago N, Narisawa Y (September 2006). "Cytokeratin 15 expression in neoplasms with sebaceous differentiation". Journal of ... tracking of transplanted bone marrow and embryonic stem cells labeled by iron oxide nanoparticles in rat brain and spinal cord ... Grskovic B, Pollaschek C, Mueller MM, Stuhlmeier KM (June 2006). "Expression of hyaluronan synthase genes in umbilical cord ...
... and the spinal cord. The tumor is usually gray, well-circumscribed, and takes on the form of the space it occupies. They ... The neoplasms currently referred to as meningiomata were referred to with a wide range of names in older medical literature, ... brain and spinal cord), but have various commonalities. Charles Oberling then separated these into subtypes based on cell ... the membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms depend on the location and occur as a result of the tumor ...
... spinal cord neoplasms MeSH C10.228.854.765.342 - epidural neoplasms MeSH C10.228.854.770 - spinal cord injuries MeSH C10.228. ... spinal cord neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.750.200 - epidural neoplasms MeSH C10.551.360.500 - optic nerve neoplasms MeSH C10.551. ... spinal cord vascular diseases MeSH C10.228.854.785.100 - anterior spinal artery syndrome MeSH C10.228.854.785.650 - spinal cord ... brain neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.280 - cerebral ventricle neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.280.300 - choroid plexus neoplasms ...
... symptoms of spinal cord malformations; profound or less commonly mild to severe intellectual disability; epileptic seizures; ... can cause various genetic disorders and neoplasms. The sSMC in PKS consists of multiple copies of the short (i.e. "p") arm of ... fibroblasts isolated from the fetus's umbilical cord, and cells isolated from the fetus's umbilical cord blood. PKS can also be ... "Prenatal diagnosis of Pallister-Killian syndrome using cord blood samples". Molecular Cytogenetics. 12: 39. doi:10.1186/s13039- ...
"Spinal Cord Tumors -- Nerve Sheath Tumors (Schwannomas and Neurofibromas)". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2007-08-06. Slomiany MG, Dai ... A nerve sheath tumor is a type of tumor of the nervous system (nervous system neoplasm) which is made up primarily of the ... From benign tumors like schwannoma to high grade malignant neoplasms known as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, ... PubMed: 6310227] Carroll S. Molecular mechanisms promoting the pathogenesis of Schwann cell neoplasms. Acta Neuropathol. 2012 ...
Multiple sclerosis Spinal cord lesions Mechanical outlet obstruction Internal intussusception Enterocele Dissipation of force ... Neoplasms / cancer Diverticulitis / Diverticulosis Hernias Inflammatory bowel disease Colonic volvulus (sigmoid, caecal, ... sutures Pseudoobstruction Hernias containing bowel Crohn's disease causing adhesions or inflammatory strictures Neoplasms, ...
The spinocerebellum receives proprioception input from the dorsal columns of the spinal cord (including the spinocerebellar ... and neoplasms. In neonates, hypoxic injury to the cerebellum is fairly common, resulting in neuronal loss and gliosis. Symptoms ... each having distinct connections with the brain and spinal cord. These regions are the vestibulocerebellum, which is ... within the spinocerebellum and receives somatic sensory input from the head and proximal body parts via ascending spinal ...
In addition, lesions may mechanically interfere with the spinal cord or nerve roots, producing neurologic deficits. Pain and ... Osteoblastoma is an uncommon osteoid tissue-forming primary neoplasm of the bone. It has clinical and histologic manifestations ... Spinal lesions can cause painful scoliosis, although this is less common with osteoblastoma than with osteoid osteoma. ... The tumors usually involve the posterior elements, and 17% of spinal osteoblastomas are found in the sacrum. The long tubular ...
It is rare for it to be in the third ventricle or the central canal of the spinal cord. Asymptomatic cases may only need ... including comparative MIB-1 immunohistochemical analysis with other ependymal neoplasms". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory ...
... and spindle cell oncocytoma 11.4 Pituitary adenoma/PitNET 11.5 Pituitary blastoma 12.1 Metastases to the brain and spinal cord ... neoplasms 8.1.1 Meningeal melanocytosis and meningeal melanomatosis 8.2 Circumscribed meningeal melanocytic neoplasms 8.2.1 ... group PFB 1.6.3 Spinal ependymoma 1.6.3.1 Spinal ependymoma, MYCN-amplified 1.6.4 Myxopapillary ependymoma 1.6.5 Subependymoma ...
Primary spinal cord tumors arise from the different elements of the CNS, including neurons, supporting glial cells, and ... Neoplastic disease that involves the spine with spinal cord compression may be devastating. ... encoded search term (Spinal Cord Neoplasms) and Spinal Cord Neoplasms What to Read Next on Medscape ... Primary spinal cord tumors. Primary spinal cord tumors arise from the different elements of the central nervous system (CNS), ...
Primary spinal cord tumors arise from the different elements of the CNS, including neurons, supporting glial cells, and ... Neoplastic disease that involves the spine with spinal cord compression may be devastating. ... encoded search term (Spinal Cord Neoplasms) and Spinal Cord Neoplasms What to Read Next on Medscape ... Traul DE, Shaffrey ME, Schiff D. Part I: spinal-cord neoplasms-intradural neoplasms. Lancet Oncol. 2007 Jan. 8(1):35-45. [QxMD ...
... as well as significant spinal cord compression. Mrs A was transferred to Hospital 2 and underwent spinal stabilisation surgery. ... "Impression: Interval vertebral body osteolysis/collapse suggesting neoplasm. Possible L1 lesion. Infection is a diagnosis ... as well as significant spinal cord compression. Mrs A was transferred to Hospital 2 and underwent spinal stabilisation surgery. ... The MRI showed a large soft tissue mass with almost complete destruction of L2 and significant spinal cord compression.. ...
Tethered cord evaluation - Neonatal ultrasonography of the spinal canal in all patients; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in ... Tumor surveillance (central nervous system neoplasms and rhabdomyosarcoma) is important as well. ... Tumor surveillance (central nervous system neoplasms and rhabdomyosarcoma) is important as well. ...
Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults (American Cancer Society) * Brain Tumors Signs & Symptoms (National Brain Tumor Society) ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Brain Neoplasms (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Glioma (National Institutes of Health ... Advances in Brain and Spinal Cord Tumor Research (National Cancer Institute) * Cancer of the Brain and Other Nervous System ( ... Can Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults Be Found Early? (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish ...
Spinal Cord Lesion By Jon Wilson, MD Neuro Notes Squash Prep Astrocytic Neoplasm ...
In Pubmed, a search was performed using descriptors: Spinal Cord Compression AND Radiotherapy AND surgery AND Neoplasm ... Difficulty in re-covering complete spinal cord paralysis has been reported, therefore tumor-induced metastatic cord paralysis ... 6.Akram H, Allibone J. Spinal surgery for palliation in malignant spinal cord compression. Clinical Oncology [Internet]. 2010 ... About half develop pain or neurological deficits or spinal cord compression, or both. In the study by Walcott BP et al.11, 14 ...
Spinal Cord Neoplasms 21% * A Case Series of Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation Treatment for the Supplementary Motor Area ... 10-year Longitudinal MRI Study of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration in Patients With Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis After ...
... immunologic disease of the spinal cord may not be confined to the spinal cord, but may also involve the motor neurons and/or ... warranting urgent imaging of the cord to exclude a space-occupying lesion such as a neoplasm, vascular malformation or ... Although the involvement of the spinal cord in acute transverse myelitis is segmental, children may present with entire spinal ... The differential diagnosis of an acute disease of the spinal cord includes many conditions [6,7]. Bacterial abscesses, spinal ...
Background: Metastasis of systemic neoplasms to the spine is common; however, the metastasis of primary spinal cord tumors to ... Primary thoracic intramedullary spinal cord tumor with likely metastases of glial origin to the lumbosacral vertebrae: ... A few case reports have described the metastasis of primary spinal cord tumors, and in most cases, patients were younger than ... Spinal Cord and Motor Neuron TDP-43 Pathology in a Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis Patient. ...
Spinal disorder related back pain is presented at more than 12 million healthcare provider office visits each year. ... Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors * Spinal Cord Tumors - Management of Intradural Intramedullary Neoplasms ...
Spinal Cord Medicine & Life Sciences 71% * Neoplasm Metastasis Medicine & Life Sciences 54% ... title = "Intramedullary spinal metastasis of a carcinoid tumor",. abstract = "We report an intramedullary spinal cord ... Intramedullary spinal cord metastases from any cancer are rare, and bronchial carcinoids account for only a small fraction of ... Intramedullary spinal cord metastases from any cancer are rare, and bronchial carcinoids account for only a small fraction of ...
Spinal cord compression caused by isolated epidural EMP is extremely rare, with only one case reported to date. We describe the ... Plasma cell neoplasms are common, accounting for more than 1% of all malignancies. Its most common form is multiple myeloma, ... Spinal cord compression secondary to these pathologies is not uncommon, however, adjacent bone involvement is usually present. ...
... spinal cord and subarachnoid space. Clinical features are unspecific, so diagnosis comes from characteristic features in ... Keywords : Gliomatosis cerebri; Temozolomide; Primary brain neoplasm. · abstract in Spanish · text in Spanish · Spanish ( pdf ...
... down the cervical spinal cord, across the upper chest, returning up along the anterior neck/carotid plexus, and back to the eye ... and neurologic neoplasms (9%) were the next leading causes. ...
Symptoms of spinal cord compression Компресія спинного мозку Various lesions can compress the spinal cord, causing segmental ... 1. Koeller KK, Shih RY: Intradural extramedullary spinal neoplasms: Radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 39 (2):468 ... See also Overview of Spinal Cord Disorders Загальні відомості про захворювання спинного мозку Spinal cord disorders can cause ... Spinal tumors may develop within the spinal cord parenchyma, directly destroying tissue, or outside the cord parenchyma, often ...
A novel minimally invasive technique for spinal cord untethering. Neurosurgery 2007;60:ONS70-4; discussion ONS74. doi:10.1227/ ... Minimally invasive resection of intradural-extramedullary spinal neoplasms. Neurosurgery 2006;58:ONS52-8; discussion ONS52-8. ... The future of spinal arthroplasty: a biomaterial perspective. Neurosurg Focus 2004;17:E2. doi:10.3171/foc.2004.17.3.2.. [26] ... Robot-assisted anterior lumbar interbody fusion in a swine model in vivo test of the da vinci surgical-assisted spinal surgery ...
Spinal metastases may result in focal findings at a spinal cord level or nerve root pain. Infants with medulloblastoma may ... The neoplasm can also invade adjacent brainstem structures, including the cardiorespiratory centers of the fourth ventricular ... of the subarachnoid space and to nodular growths along the spinal cord or even ventricular surfaces. A smaller proportion of ... 1] These are highly cellular neoplasms that are composed of cells with small- to medium-sized, hyperchromatic nuclei and little ...
Rationale: Spinal cord infarction (SCI) accounted for only 1% to 2% of all ischemic strokes and 5% to 8% of acute myelopathies ... Validity of whole genomes sequencing results in neoplasms in precision medicine. November 9, 2020. November 10, 2020. Eletr ... Hyperacute extensive spinal cord infarction and negative spine magnetic resonance imaging: a case report and review of the ... Hyperacute extensive spinal cord infarction and negative spine magnetic resonance imaging: a case report and review of the ...
Moreover, cancers induce neurochemical reorganization of the spinal cord, which contributes to spontaneous activity and ... Moreover, cancers induce neurochemical reorganization of the spinal cord, which contributes to spontaneous activity and ... Moreover, cancers induce neurochemical reorganization of the spinal cord, which contributes to spontaneous activity and ... Moreover, cancers induce neurochemical reorganization of the spinal cord, which contributes to spontaneous activity and ...
Astrocytomas are the most common glioma, accounting for about half of all primary brain and spinal cord tumors. Astrocytomas ... Meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial tumors, comprising 10 to 15 percent of all brain neoplasms, although a very ... These tumors originate from the meninges, the membrane-like structures that surround the brain and spinal cord. ... However, glomus tumors, in general, contribute to only 0.6 percent of neoplasms of the head and neck. ...
Autonomic Cardiovascular Control, Psychological Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance in People With Spinal Cord Injury. Wecht ... Diagnostic features of low- and high-grade mucinous neoplasms in pancreatic cyst FNA cytology. Sigel, C., Wei, X. J., Agaram, N ... Clinical trial of home blood pressure monitoring following midodrine administration in hypotensive individuals with spinal cord ... Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 46, 4, p. 531-539 9 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review ...
An unusual case with a solitary spinal cord haemangioblastoma located purely in the intradural extramedullary space is ... 3Çukurova University Medical Faculty Department of Pathology, Adana Haemangioblastomas are true vascular neoplasms which ...
result sql = spinal cord. spinal cord 32. char = H;code = 72. char = e;code = 101. char = a;code = 97. char = r;code = 114. ... result sql = Neoplasm. Neoplasm 78. char = L;code = 76. char = y;code = 121. char = s;code = 115. char = o;code = 111. char = z ... start str = spinal cord. sql str = spinal cord. Histiocytosis and spinal cord ...
Malignancy in critical places that can cause spinal cord injury. Disagreement between immediate and final interpretations of ... Neoplasms causing paralysis. Significant disagreement between frozen section and final diagnoses. Cytology. ...
  • Leptomeningeal metastasis presents as multifocal neurological deficits referable to the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • Symptoms can include progressive back pain and neurologic deficits referable to the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots. (msdmanuals.com)
  • central nervous system neoplasms. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Tumor surveillance (central nervous system neoplasms and rhabdomyosarcoma) is important as well. (medscape.com)
  • Metastatic lesions are responsible for about 85% of neoplastic spinal cord compression cases, with the other 15% due to primary neoplastic lesions of the spine. (medscape.com)
  • Metastatic lesions are featured in this discussion since they cause 85% of the cases of neoplastic spinal cord compression. (medscape.com)
  • Metastases to the substance of the cord (intramedullary) are relatively rare. (medscape.com)
  • Principles of treating intramedullary cancer are similar to those for epidural spinal cord compression. (medscape.com)
  • Anatomically, neoplasms of the spinal cord may be classified according to the compartment of origin, either intramedullary (inside the cord) or extramedullary (outside the cord). (medscape.com)
  • Most primary intramedullary spinal cord tumors are astrocytomas or ependymomas . (medscape.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: The role of concurrent fusion to prevent spinal deformity after intramedullary spinal cord tumor excision in children. (duke.edu)
  • OBJECTIVES: Spinal deformity is a common development after laminectomy and resection of pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors. (duke.edu)
  • Our objective is to compare the occurrence of postlaminectomy spinal deformity in children with intramedullary spinal cord tumors that underwent decompression with fusion at the time of surgery to those that did not undergo fusion. (duke.edu)
  • Of these, 52 patients with a biopsy-proven intramedullary spinal cord tumor had complete clinical records and radiographic data. (duke.edu)
  • CONCLUSIONS: In the surgical treatment of patients with intramedullary spinal cord tumors, those that undergo instrumentation or in situ fusion at the time of spinal cord tumor excision are significantly less likely to develop postresection spinal deformity. (duke.edu)
  • Case Description: We present an illustrative case of a 47-year-old female with metastatic lesions to the lumbosacral vertebrae years after the initial diagnosis of an intradural, intramedullary spinal cord tumor (IMSCT). (bvsalud.org)
  • Spinal tumors may be intramedullary (within the cord parenchyma) or extramedullary (outside the parenchyma). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Intramedullary tumors infiltrate the parenchyma and expand rather than displace the spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Infrequently, tumors may induce cavitation within the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • Less frequently, tumors may induce cyst formation or cavitation within the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • Occasionally, an extramedullary neoplasm composed from myelocytic precursor cells occurs in patients without evidence of leukemia. (nel.edu)
  • Minimally invasive resection of intradural-extramedullary spinal neoplasms. (backbonejournal.com)
  • An unusual case with a solitary spinal cord haemangioblastoma located purely in the intradural extramedullary space is presented. (turkishneurosurgery.org.tr)
  • Intradural extramedullary spinal neoplasms: Radiologic-pathologic correlation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Neoplastic disease that involves the spine and results in spinal cord or cauda equina compression may have devastating neurologic and functional consequences. (medscape.com)
  • Neoplastic disease that involves the spine with spinal cord compression may be devastating. (medscape.com)
  • Consequent signs and symptoms may be referable to the spine or spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • Isolated extradural Rosai-Dorfman disease of the thoracic spine: A rare cause of spinal cord compression: Case report. (jbstjournal.com)
  • The future of spine surgery: New horizons in the treatment of spinal disorders. (backbonejournal.com)
  • Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms . (lookformedical.com)
  • For the emergency physician, however, the cell origin of the tumor is less of a concern than the consequent syndromes of spinal cord dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • The severity of spinal cord compromise secondary to a tumor spans a wide range. (medscape.com)
  • En bloc spondylectomy with chemotherapy postoperatively constituted the treatment of choice for this tumor. (nel.edu)
  • Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a rare difuse, infiltrative and non destructive primary brain tumor from glial origin The term GC implies the affection of two or more brain lobes with possible extension to brain stem, cerebellum, spinal cord and subarachnoid space. (isciii.es)
  • Metastatic lesions that involve the spinal cord affect about 5-10% of patients with cancer. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] Approximately 15% of all primary CNS lesions arise from the spinal cord, with an estimated incidence rate of 0.5-2.5 cases per 100,000 population. (medscape.com)
  • Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease with multiple spinal lesions: Arare presentation. (jbstjournal.com)
  • Findings from a 51-year-old immunocompetent woman with a benign neoplasm and Cryptosporidium baileyi pulmonary infection, Poland, 2015. (cdc.gov)
  • Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. (lookformedical.com)
  • Spinal metastases may result in focal findings at a spinal cord level or nerve root pain. (medscape.com)
  • The differential diagnosis of an acute disease of the spinal cord includes many conditions [6,7]. (who.int)
  • Myelopathy is a clinical diagnosis with localization of the neurological findings to the spinal cord, rather than the brain or the peripheral nervous system, and then to a particular segment of the spinal cord. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our lab is currently working on understanding the extreme responders and extreme clinical phenotypes of brain and spinal cord tumors to identify factors that may modulate responses to therapy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • We performed a blinded, retrospective study of 38 ALS patients, examining the association between pathologic measures in motor cortex, hypoglossal nucleus, and lumbar cord with clinical data, including progression rate and disease duration, site of symptom onset, and upper and lower motor neuron signs. (bvsalud.org)
  • 3 Çukurova University Medical Faculty Department of Pathology, Adana Haemangioblastomas are true vascular neoplasms which progress inexorably to a atastrophic clinical situation if left untreated. (turkishneurosurgery.org.tr)
  • Neoplastic disease can cause neurologic symptoms by compression of the thecal sac, spinal cord, or cauda equina, as well as compression of the attendant vascular supply, which results in cord edema and ischemia. (medscape.com)
  • Metastatic spinal cord compression is due to invading lesion(s) in the epidural space, between the vertebral bones and the dura of the thecal sac, compressing the thecal sac, spinal cord, or cauda equina. (medscape.com)
  • Neuroblastoma (9%) and neurologic neoplasms (9%) were the next leading causes. (chop.edu)
  • Загальні відомості про захворювання спинного мозку Spinal cord disorders can cause permanent severe neurologic disability. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Additionally, cancers that metastasize to the vertebrae or surrounding tissues frequently cause spinal cord compression. (medscape.com)
  • Most primary spinal cord cancers do not disseminate widely through the CNS or body. (medscape.com)
  • Purpose To utilize off‐cord arc beams in RapidArc planning for head/neck cancers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Zhang, J 2010, ' SU‐GG‐T‐169: The Utility of Off‐Cord Arc Beams in RapidArc Planning for Head/Neck Cancers ', Medical Physics , vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 3224. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Moreover, cancers induce neurochemical reorganization of the spinal cord, which contributes to spontaneous activity and enhanced responsiveness. (nyu.edu)
  • Metastatic spinal cord compression usually follows arterial hematogenous dissemination of malignant cells to the vertebral bodies, with subsequent expansion into the epidural space. (medscape.com)
  • Metastatic tumors that cause epidural cord compression and dysfunction are the most common causes of oncologic CNS injury. (medscape.com)
  • The previously mentioned tendency of medulloblastoma to spread via CSF pathways can lead to diffuse "sugar coating" of the subarachnoid space and to nodular growths along the spinal cord or even ventricular surfaces. (medscape.com)
  • Primary spinal cord tumors arise from the different elements of the central nervous system (CNS), including neurons, supporting glial cells, and meninges. (medscape.com)
  • Primary spinal cord tumors arise from the different elements of the CNS, including neurons, supporting glial cells, and meninges. (medscape.com)
  • however, the metastasis of primary spinal cord tumors to other regions in the body is an infrequent occurrence. (bvsalud.org)
  • A few case reports have described the metastasis of primary spinal cord tumors, and in most cases, patients were younger than 30 years of age. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, neoplasms may compromise the vascular supply, causing edema or ischemia. (medscape.com)
  • Сиринкс спинного або стовбура головного мозку A syrinx is a fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord (syringomyelia) or brain stem (syringobulbia). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause. (lookformedical.com)
  • Myelopathy can be the result of primary intrinsic disorders of the spinal cord or from secondary conditions, which result in extrinsic compression of the spinal cord. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mrs A was transferred to Hospital 2 on 1 Month10, where she was diagnosed with multiple myeloma and underwent spinal stabilisation surgery. (hdc.org.nz)
  • We have shown that each colon neoplasm arises from a clonal expansion of one transformed cell. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. (lookformedical.com)
  • [ 2 ] -that affect the paravertebral area may spread and compress the cord through expansion. (medscape.com)
  • Occasionally, an enlarging cancerous lymph node may also compress the cord. (medscape.com)
  • METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 255 children with spinal cord tumors treated at 2 tertiary pediatric cancer centers between was performed. (duke.edu)
  • Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient. (lookformedical.com)
  • Bacterial abscesses, spinal cord tumours, vascular malformations and haematomas can be excluded with neuro-imaging methods. (who.int)
  • Rarely, undiagnosed leukemia occurs initially manifesting with paralysis to spinal cord GS. (nel.edu)
  • We did not detect any changes in the bronchial trees, vocal cords, or trachea. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to confirming the spinal injury, a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN), 1.3-1.8 cm, in the third segment of the right lung upper lobe was detected by chest radiography and computed tomography ( Figure , panels A, B). The lesion was of high density and had well-defined borders. (cdc.gov)
  • These findings were typical of spinal cord syndrome, warranting urgent imaging of the cord to exclude a space-occupying lesion such as a neoplasm, vascular malformation or haemorrhage. (who.int)
  • In order to rule out spinal cord pathology, craniospinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained immediately. (who.int)
  • The neoplasm can also invade adjacent brainstem structures, including the cardiorespiratory centers of the fourth ventricular floor. (medscape.com)
  • Most extradural tumors invade and destroy bone before compressing the spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Consequent disability relates to the degree of cord impairment and anatomic level of cord injury. (medscape.com)