Spinal cord. Medical search

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).

Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.

Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the SPINAL CORD due to extramedullary neoplasm; EPIDURAL ABSCESS; SPINAL FRACTURES; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence.

Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.

Reduced blood flow to the spinal cord which is supplied by the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries. This condition may be associated with ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, trauma, emboli, diseases of the aorta, and other disorders. Prolonged ischemia may lead to INFARCTION of spinal cord tissue.

Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.

Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.

Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.

The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included.

Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.

Repair of the damaged neuron function after SPINAL CORD INJURY or SPINAL CORD DISEASES.

The cavity within the SPINAL COLUMN through which the SPINAL CORD passes.

The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.

Severe or complete loss of motor function in all four limbs which may result from BRAIN DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; or rarely MUSCULAR DISEASES. The locked-in syndrome is characterized by quadriplegia in combination with cranial muscle paralysis. Consciousness is spared and the only retained voluntary motor activity may be limited eye movements. This condition is usually caused by a lesion in the upper BRAIN STEM which injures the descending cortico-spinal and cortico-bulbar tracts.

A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region.

The flexible rope-like structure that connects a developing FETUS to the PLACENTA in mammals. The cord contains blood vessels which carry oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus and waste products away from the fetus.

Neurons in the SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN whose cell bodies and processes are confined entirely to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. They receive collateral or direct terminations of dorsal root fibers. They send their axons either directly to ANTERIOR HORN CELLS or to the WHITE MATTER ascending and descending longitudinal fibers.

A surgical procedure that entails removing all (laminectomy) or part (laminotomy) of selected vertebral lamina to relieve pressure on the SPINAL CORD and/or SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Vertebral lamina is the thin flattened posterior wall of vertebral arch that forms the vertebral foramen through which pass the spinal cord and nerve roots.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.

A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

Narrowing of the spinal canal.

Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain.

Application of electric current to the spine for treatment of a variety of conditions involving innervation from the spinal cord.

Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.

Operative immobilization or ankylosis of two or more vertebrae by fusion of the vertebral bodies with a short bone graft or often with diskectomy or laminectomy. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed, p236; Dorland, 28th ed)

Injuries involving the vertebral column.

MOTOR NEURONS in the anterior (ventral) horn of the SPINAL CORD which project to SKELETAL MUSCLES.

Inflammation of the spinal cord. Relatively common etiologies include infections; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; SPINAL CORD; and ischemia (see also SPINAL CORD VASCULAR DISEASES). Clinical features generally include weakness, sensory loss, localized pain, incontinence, and other signs of autonomic dysfunction.

Any operation on the spinal cord. (Stedman, 26th ed)

A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)

A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)

An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.

Application of electric current in treatment without the generation of perceptible heat. It includes electric stimulation of nerves or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of low intensity to raise the threshold of the skin to pain.

Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

X-ray visualization of the spinal cord following injection of contrast medium into the spinal arachnoid space.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

The spinal or vertebral column.

Space between the dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal.

Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center.

Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.

A rare epidural hematoma in the spinal epidural space, usually due to a vascular malformation (CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS) or TRAUMA. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a neurologic emergency due to a rapidly evolving compressive MYELOPATHY.

Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)

Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Peripheral AFFERENT NEURONS which are sensitive to injuries or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. Their cell bodies reside in the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA. Their peripheral terminals (NERVE ENDINGS) innervate target tissues and transduce noxious stimuli via axons to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE.

An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Common name for the only family (Petromyzontidae) of eellike fish in the order Petromyzontiformes. They are jawless but have a sucking mouth with horny teeth.

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

A syndrome associated with damage to the spinal cord above the mid thoracic level (see SPINAL CORD INJURIES) characterized by a marked increase in the sympathetic response to minor stimuli such as bladder or rectal distention. Manifestations include HYPERTENSION; TACHYCARDIA (or reflex bradycardia); FEVER; FLUSHING; and HYPERHIDROSIS. Extreme hypertension may be associated with a STROKE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp538 and 1232; J Spinal Cord Med 1997;20(3):355-60)

Most generally any NEURONS which are not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose AXONS remain within a particular brain region in contrast to projection neurons, which have axons projecting to other brain regions.

Fibers that arise from cells within the cerebral cortex, pass through the medullary pyramid, and descend in the spinal cord. Many authorities say the pyramidal tracts include both the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts.

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

Osteitis or caries of the vertebrae, usually occurring as a complication of tuberculosis of the lungs.

The lipid-rich sheath surrounding AXONS in both the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myelin sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial cells (SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral and OLIGODENDROGLIA in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in DEMYELINATING DISEASES is a serious clinical problem.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.

Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.

Act of eliciting a response from a person or organism through physical contact.

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin.

The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by stimulation along AFFERENT PATHWAYS from PERIPHERAL NERVES to CEREBRUM.

The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

Deformities of the SPINE characterized by abnormal bending or flexure in the vertebral column. They may be bending forward (KYPHOSIS), backward (LORDOSIS), or sideway (SCOLIOSIS).

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal (not the same as SATELLITE CELLS, PERINEURONAL of GANGLIA) according to their location. They form the insulating MYELIN SHEATH of axons in the central nervous system.

Either of a pair of tubular structures formed by DUCTUS DEFERENS; ARTERIES; VEINS; LYMPHATIC VESSELS; and nerves. The spermatic cord extends from the deep inguinal ring through the INGUINAL CANAL to the TESTIS in the SCROTUM.

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

Longitudinal cavities in the spinal cord, most often in the cervical region, which may extend for multiple spinal levels. The cavities are lined by dense, gliogenous tissue and may be associated with SPINAL CORD NEOPLASMS; spinal cord traumatic injuries; and vascular malformations. Syringomyelia is marked clinically by pain and PARESTHESIA, muscular atrophy of the hands, and analgesia with thermoanesthesia of the hands and arms, but with the tactile sense preserved (sensory dissociation). Lower extremity spasticity and incontinence may also develop. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1269)

A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a "free interval") followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)

Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. Such impulses are conducted via efferent neurons (NEURONS, EFFERENT), such as MOTOR NEURONS, autonomic neurons, and hypophyseal neurons.

An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.

The lower part of the SPINAL CORD consisting of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerve roots.

A group of recessively inherited diseases that feature progressive muscular atrophy and hypotonia. They are classified as type I (Werdnig-Hoffman disease), type II (intermediate form), and type III (Kugelberg-Welander disease). Type I is fatal in infancy, type II has a late infantile onset and is associated with survival into the second or third decade. Type III has its onset in childhood, and is slowly progressive. (J Med Genet 1996 Apr:33(4):281-3)

A surgical operation for the relief of pressure in a body compartment or on a body part. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

Broken bones in the vertebral column.

Chairs mounted on wheels and designed to be propelled by the occupant.

An intermediate filament protein found only in glial cells or cells of glial origin. MW 51,000.

Transplantation of STEM CELLS collected from the fetal blood remaining in the UMBILICAL CORD and the PLACENTA after delivery. Included are the HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS.

A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.

Amount of stimulation required before the sensation of pain is experienced.

Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.

Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.

An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of PAIN, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses.

Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS feeding the SPINAL CORD, such as the anterior and paired posterior spinal arteries or their many branches. Disease processes may include ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; and ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS leading to ISCHEMIA or HEMORRHAGE into the spinal cord (hematomyelia).

Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.

Nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve. It is divided cytoarchitectonically into three parts: oralis, caudalis (TRIGEMINAL CAUDAL NUCLEUS), and interpolaris.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.

A condition characterized by abnormal posturing of the limbs that is associated with injury to the brainstem. This may occur as a clinical manifestation or induced experimentally in animals. The extensor reflexes are exaggerated leading to rigid extension of the limbs accompanied by hyperreflexia and opisthotonus. This condition is usually caused by lesions which occur in the region of the brainstem that lies between the red nuclei and the vestibular nuclei. In contrast, decorticate rigidity is characterized by flexion of the elbows and wrists with extension of the legs and feet. The causative lesion for this condition is located above the red nuclei and usually consists of diffuse cerebral damage. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p358)

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling.

Formation of an infarct, which is NECROSIS in tissue due to local ISCHEMIA resulting from obstruction of BLOOD CIRCULATION, most commonly by a THROMBUS or EMBOLUS.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

The outermost of the three MENINGES, a fibrous membrane of connective tissue that covers the brain and the spinal cord.

An enzyme that catalyzes the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)

Gelatinous-appearing material in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, consisting chiefly of Golgi type II neurons and some larger nerve cells.

The space between the arachnoid membrane and PIA MATER, filled with CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. It contains large blood vessels that supply the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD.

Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.

Five fused VERTEBRAE forming a triangle-shaped structure at the back of the PELVIS. It articulates superiorly with the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, inferiorly with the COCCYX, and anteriorly with the ILIUM of the PELVIS. The sacrum strengthens and stabilizes the PELVIS.

Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.

The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.

The three membranes that cover the BRAIN and the SPINAL CORD. They are the dura mater, the arachnoid, and the pia mater.

An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Assessment of sensory and motor responses and reflexes that is used to determine impairment of the nervous system.

Outgrowth of immature bony processes or bone spurs (OSTEOPHYTE) from the VERTEBRAE, reflecting the presence of degenerative disease and calcification. It commonly occurs in cervical and lumbar SPONDYLOSIS.

The electrical response evoked in a muscle or motor nerve by electrical or magnetic stimulation. Common methods of stimulation are by transcranial electrical and TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION. It is often used for monitoring during neurosurgery.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Surgical interruption of a spinal or cranial nerve root. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A monosynaptic reflex elicited by stimulating a nerve, particularly the tibial nerve, with an electric shock.

The lower portion of the BRAIN STEM. It is inferior to the PONS and anterior to the CEREBELLUM. Medulla oblongata serves as a relay station between the brain and the spinal cord, and contains centers for regulating respiratory, vasomotor, cardiac, and reflex activities.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.

Substances used for their pharmacological actions on glycinergic systems. Glycinergic agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Tapping fluid from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae.

Increased sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation due to a diminished threshold or an increased response to stimuli.

Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.

The body region between (and flanking) the SACRUM and COCCYX.

STILBENES with AMIDINES attached.

A musculomembranous sac along the URINARY TRACT. URINE flows from the KIDNEYS into the bladder via the ureters (URETER), and is held there until URINATION.

An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

The process in which specialized SENSORY RECEPTOR CELLS transduce peripheral stimuli (physical or chemical) into NERVE IMPULSES which are then transmitted to the various sensory centers in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Congenital defects of closure of one or more vertebral arches, which may be associated with malformations of the spinal cord, nerve roots, congenital fibrous bands, lipomas, and congenital cysts. These malformations range from mild (e.g., SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA) to severe, including rachischisis where there is complete failure of neural tube and spinal cord fusion, resulting in exposure of the spinal cord at the surface. Spinal dysraphism includes all forms of spina bifida. The open form is called SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA and the closed form is SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p34)

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).

Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.

The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.

The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.

Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.

Surgically placed electric conductors through which ELECTRIC STIMULATION is delivered to or electrical activity is recorded from a specific point inside the body.

A region extending from the PONS & MEDULLA OBLONGATA through the MESENCEPHALON, characterized by a diversity of neurons of various sizes and shapes, arranged in different aggregations and enmeshed in a complicated fiber network.

The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

The production of a dense fibrous network of neuroglia; includes astrocytosis, which is a proliferation of astrocytes in the area of a degenerative lesion.

Sensing of noxious mechanical, thermal or chemical stimuli by NOCICEPTORS. It is the sensory component of visceral and tissue pain (NOCICEPTIVE PAIN).

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the unmyelinated nerve fibers are small in diameter and usually several are surrounded by a single MYELIN SHEATH. They conduct low-velocity impulses, and represent the majority of peripheral sensory and autonomic fibers, but are also found in the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD.

A class of cell surface receptors for TACHYKININS with a preference for SUBSTANCE P. Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptors have been cloned and are members of the G protein coupled receptor superfamily. They are found on many cell types including central and peripheral neurons, smooth muscle cells, acinar cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells.

Adjustment and manipulation of the vertebral column.

Specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into NERVE IMPULSES to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sometimes sensory receptors for external stimuli are called exteroceptors; for internal stimuli are called interoceptors and proprioceptors.

A thin membrane that lines the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES and the central canal of the SPINAL CORD.

A reflex in which the AFFERENT NEURONS synapse directly on the EFFERENT NEURONS, without any INTERCALATED NEURONS. (Lockard, Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)

The motor nerve of the diaphragm. The phrenic nerve fibers originate in the cervical spinal column (mostly C4) and travel through the cervical plexus to the diaphragm.

Discharge of URINE, liquid waste processed by the KIDNEY, from the body.

The tendency of a phenomenon to recur at regular intervals; in biological systems, the recurrence of certain activities (including hormonal, cellular, neural) may be annual, seasonal, monthly, daily, or more frequently (ultradian).

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Gait abnormalities that are a manifestation of nervous system dysfunction. These conditions may be caused by a wide variety of disorders which affect motor control, sensory feedback, and muscle strength including: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; or MUSCULAR DISEASES.

A pinkish-yellow portion of the midbrain situated in the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum. It receives a large projection from the contralateral half of the CEREBELLUM via the superior cerebellar peduncle and a projection from the ipsilateral MOTOR CORTEX.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.

An experimental animal model for central nervous system demyelinating disease. Inoculation with a white matter emulsion combined with FREUND'S ADJUVANT, myelin basic protein, or purified central myelin triggers a T cell-mediated immune response directed towards central myelin. The pathologic features are similar to MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, including perivascular and periventricular foci of inflammation and demyelination. Subpial demyelination underlying meningeal infiltrations also occurs, which is also a feature of ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, ACUTE DISSEMINATED. Passive immunization with T-cells from an afflicted animal to a normal animal also induces this condition. (From Immunol Res 1998;17(1-2):217-27; Raine CS, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p604-5)

An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)

An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.

Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.

Toxic glycolipids composed of trehalose dimycolate derivatives. They are produced by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and other species of MYCOBACTERIUM. They induce cellular dysfunction in animals.

The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Substances used to identify the location and to characterize the types of NEURAL PATHWAYS.

Differentiated tissue of the central nervous system composed of NERVE CELLS, fibers, DENDRITES, and specialized supporting cells.

A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.

Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.

Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.

MYELIN-specific proteins that play a structural or regulatory role in the genesis and maintenance of the lamellar MYELIN SHEATH structure.

An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.

A syndrome associated with injury to the lateral half of the spinal cord. The condition is characterized by the following clinical features (which are found below the level of the lesion): contralateral hemisensory anesthesia to pain and temperature, ipsilateral loss of propioception, and ipsilateral motor paralysis. Tactile sensation is generally spared. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p162).

The act of constricting.

A SMN complex protein that is essential for the function of the SMN protein complex. In humans the protein is encoded by a single gene found near the inversion telomere of a large inverted region of CHROMOSOME 5. Mutations in the gene coding for survival of motor neuron 1 protein may result in SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD.

Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

A pair of cone-shaped elastic mucous membrane projecting from the laryngeal wall and forming a narrow slit between them. Each contains a thickened free edge (vocal ligament) extending from the THYROID CARTILAGE to the ARYTENOID CARTILAGE, and a VOCAL MUSCLE that shortens or relaxes the vocal cord to control sound production.

Adenoviral gene transfer into the normal and injured spinal cord: enhanced transgene stability by combined administration of temperature-sensitive virus and transient immune blockade. (1/10835)

This study characterized gene transfer into both normal and injured adult rat dorsal spinal cord using first (E1-/E3-) or second (E1-/E2A125/E3-, temperature-sensitive; ts) generation of replication-defective adenoviral (Ad) vectors. A novel immunosuppressive regimen aimed at blocking CD4/CD45 lymphocytic receptors was tested for improving transgene persistence. In addition, the effect of gene transfer on nociception was also evaluated. Seven days after treatment, numerous LacZ-positive cells were observed after transfection with either viral vector. By 21 days after transfection, beta-galactosidase staining was reduced and suggestive of ongoing cytopathology in both Ad-treated groups, despite the fact that the immunogenicity of LacZ/Adts appeared less when compared with that elicited by the LacZ/Ad vector. In contrast, immunosuppressed animals showed a significant (P < or = 0.05) increase in the number of LacZ-positive cells not displaying cytopathology. In these animals, a concomitant reduction in numbers of macrophages/microglia and CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes was observed. Only animals that received LacZ/Adts and immunosuppression showed transgene expression after 60 days. Similar results were observed in animals in which the L4-L5 dorsal roots were lesioned before transfection. Gene transfer into the dorsal spinal cord did not affect nociception, independent of the adenovirus vector. These results indicate that immune blockade of the CD4/CD45 lymphocytic receptors enhanced transgene stability in adult animals with normal or injured spinal cords and that persistent transgene expression in the spinal cord does not interfere with normal neural function. (+info)

Activity-dependent metaplasticity of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in the lamprey spinal cord locomotor network. (2/10835)

Paired intracellular recordings have been used to examine the activity-dependent plasticity and neuromodulator-induced metaplasticity of synaptic inputs from identified inhibitory and excitatory interneurons in the lamprey spinal cord. Trains of spikes at 5-20 Hz were used to mimic the frequency of spiking that occurs in network interneurons during NMDA or brainstem-evoked locomotor activity. Inputs from inhibitory and excitatory interneurons exhibited similar activity-dependent changes, with synaptic depression developing during the spike train. The level of depression reached was greater with lower stimulation frequencies. Significant activity-dependent depression of inputs from excitatory interneurons and inhibitory crossed caudal interneurons, which are central elements in the patterning of network activity, usually developed between the fifth and tenth spikes in the train. Because these interneurons typically fire bursts of up to five spikes during locomotor activity, this activity-dependent plasticity will presumably not contribute to the patterning of network activity. However, in the presence of the neuromodulators substance P and 5-HT, significant activity-dependent metaplasticity of these inputs developed over the first five spikes in the train. Substance P induced significant activity-dependent depression of inhibitory but potentiation of excitatory interneuron inputs, whereas 5-HT induced significant activity-dependent potentiation of both inhibitory and excitatory interneuron inputs. Because these metaplastic effects are consistent with the substance P and 5-HT-induced modulation of the network output, activity-dependent metaplasticity could be a potential mechanism underlying the coordination and modulation of rhythmic network activity. (+info)

Spinal cord-evoked potentials and muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in 10 awake human subjects. (3/10835)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TCMS) causes leg muscle contractions, but the neural structures in the brain that are activated by TCMS and their relationship to these leg muscle responses are not clearly understood. To elucidate this, we concomitantly recorded leg muscle responses and thoracic spinal cord-evoked potentials (SCEPs) after TCMS for the first time in 10 awake, neurologically intact human subjects. In this report we provide evidence of direct and indirect activation of corticospinal neurons after TCMS. In three subjects, SCEP threshold (T) stimulus intensities recruited both the D wave (direct activation of corticospinal neurons) and the first I wave (I1, indirect activation of corticospinal neurons). In one subject, the D, I1, and I2 waves were recruited simultaneously, and in another subject, the I1 and I2 waves were recruited simultaneously. In the remaining five subjects, only the I1 wave was recruited first. More waves were recruited as the stimulus intensity increased. The presence of D and I waves in all subjects at low stimulus intensities verified that TCMS directly and indirectly activated corticospinal neurons supplying the lower extremities. Leg muscle responses were usually contingent on the SCEP containing at least four waves (D, I1, I2, and I3). (+info)

Complete compensation in skilled reaching success with associated impairments in limb synergies, after dorsal column lesion in the rat. (4/10835)

Each of the dorsal columns of the rat spinal cord conveys primary sensory information, by way of the medullary dorsal column nucleus, to the ventrobasal thalamus on the contralateral side; thus the dorsal columns are an important source of neural input to the sensorimotor cortex. Damage to the dorsal columns causes impairments in synergistic proximal or whole-body movements in cats and distal limb impairments in primates, particularly in multiarticulated finger movements and tactile foviation while handling objects, but the behavioral effects of afferent fiber lesions in the dorsal columns of rodents have not been described. Female Long-Evans rats were trained to reach with a forelimb for food pellets and subsequently received lesions of the dorsomedial spinal cord at the C2 level, ipsilateral to their preferred limb. Reaching success completely recovered within a few days of dorsal column lesion. Nevertheless, a detailed analysis of high-speed video recordings revealed that rotatory limb movements (aiming, pronation, supination, etc.) were irreversibly impaired. Compensation was achieved with whole-body and alternate limb movements. These results indicate the following: (1) in the absence of the dorsal columns, other sensorimotor pathways support endpoint success in reaching; (2) sensory input conveyed by the dorsal columns is important for both proximal and distal limb movements used for skilled reaching; and (3) detailed behavioral analyses in addition to endpoint measures are necessary to completely describe the effects of dorsal column lesions. (+info)

Neurite outgrowth-regulating properties of GABA and the effect of serum on mouse spinal cord neurons in culture. (5/10835)

Time-lapse photography was used to examine the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the outgrowth and motility of neurites in cultures from mouse spinal cord. GABA at concentrations of 100, 10 and 1 microM caused significant inhibition of neurite outgrowth and the motility of growth cones was significantly reduced by treatment with 100 and 10 microM GABA. This effect was mimicked by the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen, whereas the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol had no effect. The effect of GABA on outgrowth and motility seems to be dependent on the type of serum employed. The results reported here were obtained only when heat-inactivated serum was used and not when non heat-inactivated serum was added to the culture medium. They suggest that GABA has a role in the regulation of process outgrowth within the embryonic mouse spinal cord. (+info)

Presence of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic terminal boutons. (6/10835)

The characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-47 gene recently allowed the identification of a mammalian (gamma)-amino butyric acid (GABA) transporter, presumed to be located in the synaptic vesicle membrane. In situ hybridization data in rat brain suggested that it might also take up glycine and thus represent a general Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transporter (VIAAT). In the present study, we have investigated the localization of VIAAT in neurons by using a polyclonal antibody raised against the hydrophilic N-terminal domain of the protein. Light microscopy and immunocytochemistry in primary cultures or tissue sections of the rat spinal cord revealed that VIAAT was localized in a subset (63-65%) of synaptophysin-immunoreactive terminal boutons; among the VIAAT-positive terminals around motoneuronal somata, 32.9% of them were also immunoreactive for GAD65, a marker of GABAergic presynaptic endings. Labelling was also found apposed to clusters positive for the glycine receptor or for its associated protein gephyrin. At the ultrastructural level, VIAAT immunoreactivity was restricted to presynaptic boutons exhibiting classical inhibitory features and, within the boutons, concentrated over synaptic vesicle clusters. Pre-embedding detection of VIAAT followed by post-embedding detection of GABA or glycine on serial sections of the spinal cord or cerebellar cortex indicated that VIAAT was present in glycine-, GABA- or GABA- and glycine-containing boutons. Taken together, these data further support the view of a common vesicular transporter for these two inhibitory transmitters, which would be responsible for their costorage in the same synaptic vesicle and subsequent corelease at mixed GABA-and-glycine synapses. (+info)

Cannabinoid suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity in wide dynamic range neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn of the rat. (7/10835)

The effects of cannabinoid agonists on noxious heat-evoked firing of 62 spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons were examined in urethan-anesthetized rats (1 cell/animal). Noxious thermal stimulation was applied with a Peltier device to the receptive fields in the ipsilateral hindpaw of isolated WDR neurons. To assess the site of action, cannabinoids were administered systemically in intact and spinally transected rats and intraventricularly. Both the aminoalkylindole cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 (125 microg/kg iv) and the bicyclic cannabinoid CP55,940 (125 microg/kg iv) suppressed noxious heat-evoked activity. Responses evoked by mild pressure in nonnociceptive neurons were not altered by CP55,940 (125 microg/kg iv), consistent with previous observations with another cannabinoid agonist, WIN55,212-2. The cannabinoid induced-suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity was blocked by pretreatment with SR141716A (1 mg/kg iv), a competitive antagonist for central cannabinoid CB1 receptors. By contrast, intravenous administration of either vehicle or the receptor-inactive enantiomer WIN55,212-3 (125 microg/kg) failed to alter noxious heat-evoked activity. The suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity induced by WIN55,212-2 in the lumbar dorsal horn of intact animals was markedly attenuated in spinal rats. Moreover, intraventricular administration of WIN55,212-2 suppressed noxious heat-evoked activity in spinal WDR neurons. By contrast, both vehicle and enantiomer were inactive. These findings suggest that cannabinoids selectively modulate the activity of nociceptive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn by actions at CB1 receptors. This modulation represents a suppression of pain neurotransmission because the inhibitory effects are selective for pain-sensitive neurons and are observed with different modalities of noxious stimulation. The data also provide converging lines of evidence for a role for descending antinociceptive mechanisms in cannabinoid modulation of spinal nociceptive processing. (+info)

Pharmacodynamic actions of (S)-2-[4,5-dihydro-5-propyl-2-(3H)-furylidene]-1,3-cyclopentanedione (oudenone). (8/10835)

The pharmacodynamic actions of (S)-2-[4,5-dihydro-5-propyl-2(3H)-furylidene]-1,3-cyclopentanedione (oudenone) were studied in both anesthetized animals and isolated organs. Oudenone (10--40 mg/kg i.v.) induced an initial rise in blood pressure followed by a prolonged hypotension in the anesthetized rats. In unanesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), oudenone (5--200 mg/kg p.o.) caused a dose-related decrease in the systolic blood pressure. The initial pressor effect was diminished by pretreatments with phentolamine, guanethidine, hexamethonium and was abolished in the pithed rats. In addition, intracisternal administrations of oudenone (100--600 mug/kg) showed a marked increase in blood pressure in the anesthetized rats, suggesting that the pressor effect may be due to centrally mediated actions. Oudenone, given intra-arterially into the femoral artery (400--800 mug/kg), caused a long-lasting vasodilation in anesthetized dogs. At a relatively high dose (40 mg/kg i.v.), oudenone antagonized all pressor responses to autonomic agents and central vagus nerve stimulation in anesthetized rats and dogs, however, oudenone showed no anti-cholinergic,-histaminergic, beta-adrenergic and adrenergic neuron blocking properties. (+info)

Spinal cord injuries are one of the most common traumas brought into veterinary hospitals.[86] Spinal injuries occur in two ... Brain and spinal cord injury[edit]. Stroke and traumatic brain injury lead to cell death, characterized by a loss of neurons ... Clinical and animal studies have been conducted into the use of stem cells in cases of spinal cord injury.[21][22][23] ... 2005). "A 37-year-old spinal cord-injured female patient, transplanted of multipotent stem cells from human UC blood, with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_therapy

Spinal pia mater[edit]. The spinal pia mater closely follows and encloses the curves of the spinal cord, and is attached to it ... Spinal cord compression[edit]. The pia mater also functions to deal with the deformation of the spinal cord under compression. ... it is able to provide a constraint on the surface of the spinal cord. This constraint stops the elongation of the spinal cord, ... At the point where the pia mater reaches the conus medullaris or medullary cone at the end of the spinal cord, the membrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pia_mater

Spinal cord stimulators[edit]. Spinal cord stimulator appears to be an effective therapy in the management of patients with ... Taylor RS, Van Buyten JP, Buchser E (February 2006). "Spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic ... "A Comprehensive Outcome-Specific Review of the Use of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome". Pain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_regional_pain_syndrome

1. Spinal Cord Metastasis. The management of spinal cord metastasis depends on whether or not the metastasis is causing ... 2. Spinal Cord Tumor Presentations. *Pain is the first symptom in ,90% of patients presenting with epidural metastasis and ... Neuro-oncology is the study of brain and spinal cord neoplasms, many of which are (at least eventually) very dangerous and life ... Diagnostic imaging of the brain and spinal cord[edit]. The imaging studies commonly used in neurooncology are computed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurooncology

Persons with spinal cord injury are at increased risk for urinary tract infection in part because of chronic use of catheter, ... Eves, FJ; Rivera, N (April 2010). "Prevention of urinary tract infections in persons with spinal cord injury in home health ... those with spinal cord injuries, and those who have urinary catheters.[73][74] Pregnancy is an exception and it is recommended ... "Cranberry is not effective for the prevention or treatment of urinary tract infections in individuals with spinal cord injury ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_Tract_Infections

It is most usually observed in the part of the spinal cord corresponding to the neck area. Symptoms are due to spinal cord ... The diagnosis is confirmed with a spinal CT, myelogram or MRI of the spinal cord. The cavity may be reduced by surgical ... If the syrinx is higher up in the spinal cord or affecting the brainstem as in syringobulbia, vocal cord paralysis, ipsilateral ... These include Chiari malformation, spinal arachnoiditis, scoliosis, spinal vertebrae misalignment, spinal tumors, spina bifida ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syringomyelia

Onufronwicz B (1899), "Notes on the arrangement and function of the cell groups of the sacral region of the spinal cord", J ... Onufronwicz, B. (1899), "Notes on the arrangement and function of the cell groups of the sacral region of the spinal cord", J ... When the sacral sections of the spinal cord were studied in patients with Shy-Drager syndrome, it was revealed that cell death ... Forger, Nancy G.; Breedlove, S. Marc (1986), "Sexual dimorphism in human and canine spinal cord: role of early androgen", Proc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onuf's_nucleus

Blunt cervical spine trauma as a cause of spinal cord injury and delayed cortical blindness. Spinal Cord. Retrieved from http ... Blood work might be utilized in addition to radiographic imaging in order to identify spinal cord diseases. Basic imaging ... encasing and shielding the spinal cord. This fragment of the spine starts from the region above the shoulder blades and ends by ... The young Patients younger than eight years old with cervical spinal cord casualties have an increased chance of dying while ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_spine_disorder

"Identity of the putative delta1-opioid receptor as a delta-kappa heteromer in the mouse spinal cord". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 467 (1 ... in the spinal cord, on peripheral neurons, and digestive tract. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_receptor

Wyndaele, JJ (2002). "Complications of intermittent catheterization: their prevention and treatment". Spinal Cord. 40 (10): 536 ... and spinal cord injuries as well as disorders of the peripheral nervous system such as diabetes mellitus, vitamin B12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_prostatic_hyperplasia

Spinal cord injury. *Anterior spinal artery syndrome. *Brown-Séquard syndrome. *Cauda equina syndrome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding_stroke

Anatomy photo:02:08-0104 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Vertebral Canal and Spinal Cord: Regions of the Spinal Cord" ... The most inferior of the spinal nerves, the coccygeal nerve leaves the spinal cord at the level of the conus medullaris via ... It gives longitudinal support to the spinal cord and consists of two parts: *The upper part, or filum terminale internum, is ... the central canal of the spinal cord extends 5 to 6 cm beyond the conus medullaris, downward into the filum terminale. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filum_terminale

Spinal cord injury. During spinal shock, the bladder is flaccid and unresponsive. It becomes overfilled, and urine dribbles ... by sympathetic nervous system fibers from the lumbar spinal cord and parasympathetic fibers from the sacral spinal cord.[4] ... Bladder afferent signals ascend the spinal cord to the periaqueductal gray, where they project both to the pontine micturition ... and peptidergic innervation of Onuf's nucleus of normal and transected spinal cords of baboons (Papio papio)". J. Comp. Neurol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urination

If eggs migrate to the brain or spinal cord, seizures, paralysis, or spinal-cord inflammation are possible.[15] ... "Spinal Cord Schistosomiasis". In El Ridi, R. (ed.). Parasitic Diseases - Schistosomiasis. InTech. doi:10.5772/55787. ISBN 978- ... haematobium eggs in the spinal cord can lead to transverse myelitis with flaccid paraplegia.[25] Eggs are thought to travel to ... Sokolow, Susanne H.; Jones, Isabel J.; La, Diana; Cords, Olivia; Knight, Anika; Lund, Andrea; Wood, Chelsea L.; Lafferty, Kevin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schistosomiasis

Spinal cord lesions. *Mechanical outlet obstruction *Internal intussusception. *Enterocele. *Dissipation of force vector * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestinal_obstruction

... in the anterior portion of the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord.[2][7] Fibers run down the total length of the spinal cord ... spinal cord: Vestibulospinal tract (Medial vestibulospinal tract, Lateral vestibulospinal tract). *thalamus: Ventral ... The spinal cord induces extensor effects in the muscle on the side of the neck to which the head is bent, and flexor effects in ... Bono, Christopher (2010). Spinal Cord Medicine. Demos Medical Publishing. ISBN 978-1-933864-19-8. .. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract

Administration Hospital to analyze the effects of CTE and other neurodegenerative diseases on the brain and spinal cord of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia_pugilistica

Spinal cord injury. *Multiple sclerosis. *Use of SSRI antidepressants or having used SSRI antidepressants in the past.[19] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhedonia

Spinal cord injury. *Brachial plexus injury. *Peripheral nerve injury. *Sciatic nerve injury ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_sport

My HealtheVet Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Outcomes (SCIDO). *National Utilization Management Integration (NUMI) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VistA

Lin VW; Cardenas DD (2003). Spinal Cord Medicine. Demos Medical Publishing, LLC. p. 251. ISBN 1-888799-61-7. .. .mw-parser- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elimination_half-life

Brain and spinal cord. *Encephalomyelitis *Acute disseminated. *Meningitis. *Meningoencephalitis. Brain/. encephalopathy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantile_progressive_bulbar_palsy

... because the demyelinating inflammation can affect the optic nerve or spinal cord. Many are idiopathic. Both myelinoclastic and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demyelinating_disease

Brain and spinal cord. *Encephalomyelitis *Acute disseminated. *Meningitis. *Meningoencephalitis. Brain/. encephalopathy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reye's_syndrome

The extent of spinal paralysis depends on the region of the cord affected, which may be cervical, thoracic, or lumbar.[42] The ... One mechanism involved in recovery is nerve terminal sprouting, in which remaining brainstem and spinal cord motor neurons ... A blockage of the lumbar anterior spinal cord artery due to polio (PV3) ... referring to the grey matter of the spinal cord, and the suffix -itis, which denotes inflammation,[12] i.e., inflammation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliomyelitis

Mikael Häggström is a Doctor of Medicine, and the creator of WikiJournal of Medicine, as well as Radlines. He was born in Gothenburg, Sweden, and is a grandchild of Estonian historian Karin Aasma. He grew up in Uddevalla on the Swedish west coast. He decided to become a doctor while backpacking for half a year in 2005, taking the Trans-Siberian train to China and crossing the Himalayas from Tibet to Nepal. He graduated from Uppsala University, Faculty of Medicine in 2013. He did his internship in Sundsvall, and has worked 1.5 years as a physician in obstetrics and gynecology and 3 years in radiology. He is currently doing specialist training in pathology at the NU Hospital Group, Sweden. He has contributed to Wikipedia since 2006, including a multitude of medical images. He is the creator and current editor-in-chief of WikiJournal of Medicine, a new Wikipedia-integrated, peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal.[1] He is also the creator of Radlines and Patholines, containing open access ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mikael_Häggström

Template:Spinal cord. *Spinocervical pathway. *Spinotectal tract. *Superior longitudinal fasciculus. T. *Trigeminal lemniscus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Central_nervous_system_pathways

Subsection: Regulation by the Spinal Cord[13][edit]. There are multiple pathways within the spinal cord which play a role in ... There are numerous centers, both in the brain and in the spinal cord, that have been proposed to regulate gait. There are three ... Stretch and Flexion reflexes - as one footstrike occurs, the spinal cord sends inhibitory signals to the other side so that one ... Efferent signals from these regions go to the spinal cord where motor neurons are activated to regulate gait. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gait_(human)

"International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS)). Retrieved 22 August 2012.. *^ Bailey, Steve (2008). Athlete First: A history of the ... Guttmann became the first editor of the journal, Paraplegia (now named Spinal Cord).[18] He suffered a heart attack in October ... Spinal Cord Injuries: Comprehensive Management and Research. Blackwell Science. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style: ... now the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS)). Later life[edit]. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Guttmann

C fibers synapse to second-order projection neurons in the spinal cord at the upper laminae of the dorsal horn in the ... C fibers cause central sensitization of the dorsal horn in the spinal cord in response to their hyperactivity.[5] The mechanism ... quadrant of the contralateral half of the spinal cord, forming the spinothalamic tract.[1] The spinothalamic tract is the main ... which immediately crosses the spinal cord laterally.[1] This crossover feature is clinically important because it allows for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_C_nerve_fiber

Spinal cord. *Brain *Hindbrain *Medulla. *Pons. *Cerebellum. *Midbrain. *Forebrain *Diencephalon *Retina. *Optic nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_neuroscientist

... which can partially obstruct the flow of cerebro-spinal fluid from the neurocranium to the spinal cord.[6] The Chiari ... A compensatory mechanism involves the movement of cerebrospinal fluid from the cranial vault towards the spinal cord.[21] The ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniosynostosis

The nerve cells responsible for reflexes are not always in the brain, but often in the spinal cord. This way, reflexes are ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_arc

In "central sensitization," nociceptive neurons in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord become sensitized by peripheral tissue ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitization

Studies have also shown that hypoxic air treatment may increase the recovery speed and endurance of spinal cord injuries. There ... Smith, Schevlin (Dec 29, 2013). "Hypoxia May Help Walking Endurance in Spinal Cord Injury Victims". Retrieved 4 November 2014. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxicator

"Index of CD34+ Cells and Mononuclear Cells in the Bone Marrow of Spinal Cord Injury Patients of Different Age Groups: A ... "Functional Recovery of Spinal Cord Injury Following Application of Intralesional Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Embedded in ... "Human cord blood stem cell-modulated regulatory T lymphocytes reverse the autoimmune-caused type 1 diabetes in nonobese ... "Identification of stem cells from human umbilical cord blood with embryonic and hematopoietic characteristics". Exp Cell Res ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tüvirakud

A main focus of neuroscience is the biology and physiology of the human brain and spinal cord. Some related clinical ... Neurological (consciousness, awareness, brain, vision, cranial nerves, spinal cord and peripheral nerves) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical

Spinal cord injury. Nuclear Medicine. Paediatrics. Maternity. History. Founded. May 2015. Links. ... "The Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit". bascis.org.uk.. *^ "Institute of Neurosciences". nhsggc.org.uk. NHS Greater ... Attached to the institute is The Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Unit for Scotland which provides a spinal injuries service to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_University_Hospital

... early neuroborreliosis may involve inflammation of the brain or spinal cord, with symptoms such as confusion, abnormal gait, ... It may also cause intermittent double vision.[30][33] Lyme radiculopathy is an inflammation of spinal nerve roots that often ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

However, the sensitivity of the DRE for injuries of the spinal cord, pelvis, and bowel is poor, and false positive and negative ... including traumatic spinal cord injuries;. *traditionally, the digital rectal examination (DRE) was considered an essential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectal_examination

In the central nervous system, the three outer membranes (the meninges) that envelop the brain and spinal cord are composed of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_connective_tissue

The spinal cord is made up of bundles of these axons. Glial cells such as Schwann cells in the periphery or, within the cord ... Spinal cord and other tissuesEdit. The pons in the brainstem is a specific region that consists of myelinated axons much like ... The medulla oblongata is at the start of the spinal cord and is composed mainly of neuron tissue enveloped in oligodendrocytes ... "What are the key statistics about brain and spinal cord tumors?". American Cancer Society. 1 May 2012. Archived from the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_tumors

... the diagnosis is radiculopathy if the lesion is at the nerve root and myelopathy if at the spinal cord itself. ... at its connection to the spinal column.[1] A common form of radiculitis is sciatica - radicular pain that radiates along the ... and foot as often secondary to nerve root irritation from a spinal disc herniation or from osteophytes in the lumbar region of ... the spine.[2] Radiculitis indicates inflammation of the spinal nerve root, which may lead to pain in that nerve's distribution ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicular_pain

The use of reclining wheelchairs is particularly common among people with spinal cord injuries such as quadriplegia.[10] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelchair

A receptors in the periaqueductal gray are pro-nociceptive at supraspinal sites while GABAA that are found in the spinal cord ... Spinal α2 and α3 containing GABAA receptors are responsible for the anti-hyperalgesic action of intrathecal diazepam. This was ... Additionally, studies in α5 mice showed that the spinal α5-containing GABAA receptor has a minor role in inflammatory pain. An ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAA_receptor_positive_allosteric_modulator

Clemens, S.; Rye, D; Hochman, S (2006). "Restless legs syndrome: Revisiting the dopamine hypothesis from the spinal cord ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahutute_jalgade_sündroom

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/ادرار_کردن?match=en

"Systemic administration of an antagonist of the ATP-sensitive receptor P2X7 improves recovery after spinal cord injury". ... In 2009, Brilliant Blue G was used in scientific experiments to treat spinal injuries in laboratory rats.[23] It acts by ... Two groups of injured rats were tested, with one group given the dye as a treatment for the spinal injuries and the other group ... "Blue M&Ms 'mend spinal injuries'". Telegraph. 2009-07-28. Retrieved 2010-01-19.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coomassie_Brilliant_Blue

Spinal cord injury. Demographic. *Geriatric trauma. *Pediatric trauma. Complications. *Posttraumatic stress disorder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_dislocation

They are at the very top of the spinal cord, near the neck. [6] ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathe

Met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin are in the brain stem and spinal cord; they are the pain killers of the spinal cord.[3] Both ...

https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorphins

For example, strychnine acts as an allosteric inhibitor of the glycine receptor in the mammalian spinal cord and brain stem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_inhibition

After stroke or spinal cord injury in humans, spastic hypertonia (spastic paralysis) often develops, whereby the stretch reflex ... Mammalian muscle spindle showing typical position in a muscle (left), neuronal connections in spinal cord (middle) and expanded ... and transmit this signal to the spinal cord. The Ia afferent signals are transmitted monosynaptically to many alpha motor ... of the muscle spindle respond to both changes in muscle length and velocity and transmit this activity to the spinal cord in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_spindle

Spinal cord compression. هر دو مورد. Degenerative. SA. *آتاکسی فردریش. *Ataxia telangiectasia ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/اختلالات_حرکتی

TIA is now defined as a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, ... Problems during labor and delivery can include umbilical cord occlusion, torsion or prolapse, rupture of the placenta or uterus ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_hypoxia

The impulses travel along the sensory axon to the spinal cord where they form several kinds of synapses: *Some of the branches ... Some of the branches of the I-a axons synapse with inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord. These, in turn, synapse with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanoreceptor

vocal cords. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Vocal fold nodule. Vocal fold paresis. Vocal cord dysfunction. epiglottis. ... The goal of spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) is to improve thoracic mobility in an effort to reduce the work on the lungs ... "The Use of Spinal Manipulative Therapy in the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COPD

"Index of CD34+ Cells and Mononuclear Cells in the Bone Marrow of Spinal Cord Injury Patients of Different Age Groups: A ... "A 37-year-old spinal cord-injured female patient, transplanted of multipotent stem cells from human UC blood, with improved ...

https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilmes_šūna

Spinal cord injury. *Brachial plexus injury. *Peripheral nerve injury. *Sciatic nerve injury ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injury

Learn more about what happens after your spinal cord has been damaged. ... A spinal cord injury - damage to any part of the spinal cord or nerves at the end of the spinal canal (cauda equina) - often ... Spinal cord injuries may result from damage to the vertebrae, ligaments or disks of the spinal column or to the spinal cord ... Common causes of spinal cord injuries. The most common causes of spinal cord injuries in the United States are:. *Motor vehicle ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20377890

... information from Spinal Injuries Associaton about the different types of SCI, medical terminology and possible outcomes. ... What is spinal cord injury (SCI)?. The spinal cord is an extension of the brain and is made up of a thick bundle of nerves. The ... How will spinal cord injury affect my body?. The higher up you damage the spinal cord, the more movement and sensation will be ... SIA/LEARN/Understanding spinal cord injury. Understanding spinal cord injury. We know that the amount of information available ...

https://www.spinal.co.uk/learn/understanding-sci/

It provides complete coverage of all aspects of spinal injury and disease. ... Spinal Cord is the official journal of the International Spinal Cord Society. ... Welcome to Spinal Cord The official journal of the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS), publishing research on spinal ... Best of Spinal Cord 2017 & 2018 Collection We are delighted to share with you a collection of the most cited, viewed and shared ...

https://www.nature.com/sc/?type=book-review&error=cookies_not_supported&code=dcf2c908-9fa1-4400-a151-1966148b540b

It provides complete coverage of all aspects of spinal injury and disease. ... Spinal Cord is the official journal of the International Spinal Cord Society. ... Welcome to Spinal Cord The official journal of the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS), publishing research on spinal ... Read Spinal Cords latest web collection on Assessments and Outcome Measures. All papers are free to read for 6 weeks. ...

https://www.nature.com/sc/?year=2008&error=cookies_not_supported&code=48b7b844-90da-4ca4-9988-c79070a15b2c

... the spinal cord.[22][23] In September 2018, Mayo Clinic and UCLA reported that spinal cord stimulation supported with physical ... A Spinal Cord Stimulator (SCS) or Dorsal Column Stimulator (DCS) is a type of implantable neuromodulation device (sometimes ... "Spinal cord stimulation, physical therapy help paralyzed man stand, walk with assistance". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2018-09-25. ... Spinal Cord Stimulators are placed in two different stages: a trial stage followed by a final implantation stage. First, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord_stimulator

Does pain relief obtained from spinal cord stimulators during the trial period continue after the permanent placement of the ... Neuromodulation of the spine with spinal cord stimulators (SCS) has evolved into a viable technique to address this and other ... Spinal Cord Stimulators. A Comparison of the Trial Period Versus Permanent Outcomes. ... Demonstrates age, gender, incidence of previous lumbar spine surgery, and spinal cord level interspace that permanent ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/913242

Infectious Mononucleosis, Influenza, Insomnia, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Juvenile Arthritis, Kaposis Sarcoma, Laryngitis, Lead Poisoning, Learning Disorders, Leukemia, etc…

http://www.faqs.org/health/Sick-V4/Spinal-Cord-Injury.html

The spinal cord [2] is protected by the vertebral column [3], and together with the brain it comprises the central nervous ... Spinal Cord The spinal cord [1] is a bundle of nerve fibers, no thicker than the human thumb, that links the brain with the ... Spinal Cord Biology COPYRIGHT 2002 The Gale Group Inc.. Spinal Cord. The spinal cord is a bundle of nerve fibers, no thicker ... Anywhere above the second lumbar vertebra, it is the spinal cord that is damaged; below this, it is spinal nerves. Spinal cord ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/anatomy-and-physiology/anatomy-and-physiology/spinal-cord

Spinal cord injuries disrupt signals between your brain and body. This can cause problems like weakness and paralysis. Read ... Spinal cord injuries can be complete or incomplete. With a complete spinal cord injury, the cord cant send signals below the ... Overview of Spinal Cord Disorders (Merck & Co., Inc.) Also in Spanish * Spinal Cord Injury (National Institute of Neurological ... Spinal Cord Injuries (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) * Spinal Cord Injury (Department of Health and Human Services, Office ...

https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html

Read about diseases of the spinal cord, the bundle of nerves running down the middle of your back. It carries signals between ... this can also injure the spinal cord. Other spinal cord problems include ... Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults (American Cancer Society) * Brown-Sequard Syndrome (National Institute of Neurological ... Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) * Transverse Myelitis (National ...

https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcorddiseases.html

Spinal Cord Injury , 1990 Case Definition (https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/spinal-cord-injury/case-definition/1990/) ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/spinal-cord-injury/

Acute spinal cord injury is a devastating disease with enormous repercussions, not only for the victims and their families but ... Spinal Cord Injury Mean Arterial Blood Pressure American Spinal Injury Association Acute Spinal Cord Injury Cervical Spinal ... Prusmack C, Rochman AS, Levi AD: The effect of age on survival following traumatic spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2006, ... International standards for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1997, 35:266-274. ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11940-007-0037-y

The spinal cord is shorter than the length of the bony spinal column; the spinal cord extends down only to the last of the ... A pair of spinal nerves leaves each segment of the spinal cord. Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) of the Spinal Cord. ... The Spinal Cord. Skull and. Vertebrae. The spinal cord is the main pathway for information connecting the brain and peripheral ... The human spinal cord is protected by the bony spinal column shown to the left. The spinal column is made up of bones called ...

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/spinal.html

... it is useful to understand the structure of the spinal cord and to understand the difference between the spinal cord and the ... Source for information on Spinal Cord Compression: Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer dictionary. ... Spinal cord compression Description In order to understand spinal cord compression, ... Spinal cord compression. Description. In order to understand spinal cord compression, it is useful to understand the structure ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/spinal-cord-compression

"spinal cord"[MeSH Terms] OR ("spinal"[All Fields] AND "cord"[All Fields]) OR "spinal cord"[All Fields]) AND ("growth and ... Introduction to the special section: Spinal Cord a model to understand CNS development and regeneration. Dale K et al. Dev Biol ... i,Xenopus laevis,/i, as a Model Organism for the Study of Spinal Cord Formation, Development, Function and Regeneration. ... Molecular mechanisms underlying monosynaptic sensory-motor circuit development in the spinal cord. Imai F et al. Dev Dyn. (2018 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?amp=&cmd=search&term=Spinal+Cord+Development

Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord. (In subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, the "combined" refers ... Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, also known as Lichtheims disease,[1][2] refers to degeneration of the posterior ... MRI- T2 images may reveal increased signal within the white matter of the spinal cord predominately in the posterior columns ... and lateral columns of the spinal cord as a result of vitamin B12 deficiency (most common), vitamin E deficiency,[3] and copper ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subacute_combined_degeneration_of_spinal_cord

Scientific American is the essential guide to the most awe-inspiring advances in science and technology, explaining how they change our understanding of the world and shape our lives.

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/stretching-the-spinal-cord/?redirect=1&error=cookies_not_supported&code=59a3e505-add4-41d1-aacc-f6f38faf7464

Brain and spinal cord; a manual for the study of the morphology and fibre-tracts of the central nervous system (1912) ( ... Spinal cord and roots and dural tube which covers them. Wellcome L0002010.jpg 1,026 × 1,810; 518 KB. ... Tibetan, showing spinal cord vertebrae of one figure. Wellcome M0004286.jpg 3,693 × 2,863; 3.59 MB. ... P270b The captain of the Omul eating the raw spinal cord of the sturgeon.jpg 1,251 × 1,573; 688 KB. ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_spinal_cord

I have had very good results with my spinal cord stimulator. ... ... Spinal cord stimulator.... Spinal cord stimulator questions?. ... I got a cd from doc all about spinal cord stimulater and the only side effect is paralyzed cause they place the electric wires ... But Im waiting to do the trial for the spinal cord stimulator and Im getting anxious and impatient. Id love various answers ... I have had very good results with my spinal cord stimulator. 1)I have a Boston Scientific Precision system with one lead ( ...

https://www.drugs.com/answers/spinal-cord-stimulator-questions-3065271.html

Shop Spinal Cord Blankets from CafePress. Find great designs on our soft & warm fleece blankets. ✓Free Returns ✓100% ... Our high quality 100% polyester soft & warm fleece Spinal Cord Blankets is the perfect companion for cold nights at home, or at ...

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... accessible science work station designed for use by individuals with lower extremity and mobility disabilities or spinal cord ... or lower extremity disabilities or spinal cord injury. ... use by individuals with mobility disabilities or spinal cord ... Holster is a fishing rod holder designed for use by individuals with upper extremity or grasping disabilities or spinal cord ... Expanda-Bed is a motorized bed designed for use by individuals with obesity and severe physical disabilities or spinal cord ...

http://www.abledata.com/indexing-terms/spinal-cord-injury

Childrens brain and spinal cord tumors can affect learning, speech, vision, and more. Learn more from WebMD about what causes ... Benign brain and spinal cord tumors can affect the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord. They rarely spread to other parts of the ... Childrens brain and spinal cord tumors can be located in the spinal cord or in any of the brains three main parts: the ... "What are the Risk Factors for Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Children?" "Can Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Children Be Found ...

https://www.webmd.com/cancer/brain-cancer/what-are-childrens-brain-and-spinal-cord-tumors

A spinal cord injury is when the spinal cord gets cut, bruised, stretched, or poked. It can change the way the body moves, ... What Is a Spinal Cord Injury?. A spinal cord injury is when the spinal cord gets cut, bruised, stretched, or poked. It can ... What Is the Spinal Cord?. The spinal cord is a cable that goes from the brain down to the lower back. It is made up of nerves. ... What Is Spinal Shock?. Spinal shock is swelling of the spinal cord after an injury. It can last for weeks to months. It can be ...

https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spinal-cord-injuries.html

... some restoration of the injured spinal cord is beginning to seem feasible ... Repairing the Damaged Spinal Cord. Once little more than a futile hope, some restoration of the injured spinal cord is ...

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/repairing-the-damaged-spinal-cord-1999-09/?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4c93cde0-1b44-40be-a0bf-8b0f29c84d65

The goal is to make better recommendations to people with spinal cord injury, but the research will also translate into greater ... Researchers at the University of Michigan Health System are looking at how people with spinal cord injury burn calories and how ... About spinal cord injury. *About 250,000 Americans are living with a spinal cord injury - roughly two times the capacity of the ... director of Spinal Cord Injury Medicine at UMHS and director of the Spinal Cord Injury Research Center at the VA Ann Arbor ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/2004/12/26/7023.aspx

... spinal stroke) are diagnostic challenges. As is the case for the more common cerebrovascular accident affecting cerebral ... Spinal Cord Infarction) and Spinal Cord Infarction What to Read Next on Medscape. Related Conditions and Diseases. * Spinal ... Joseph G, Santosh C, Marimuthu R. Spinal cord infarction due to a self-inflicted needle stick injury. Spinal Cord. 2004 Nov. 42 ... The top priority is to exclude spinal cord compression by a mass lesion. The pathologies associated with spinal cord infarction ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1164217-differential

Spinal Cord MRS in and Beyond the Cervical Spine. Anke Henning1, Michael Sch r1, 2, Spyridon Kollias3, Dieter Meier1, Peter ... Quantitative Measurement of Spinal Cord Blood Volume (SCBV) in Humans Using Vascular-Space-Occupancy (VASO) MRI ... Spinal Cord MT Imaging Correlates with Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Adrenomyeloneuropathy. Asif Mahmood1, 2, Seth A. ... Differentiation of Spinal Cord Arteries and Veins Based on Temporal Separation with Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR ...

https://www.ismrm.org/06/Session65.htm

A complete spinal cord injury means that the spinal cord has absolutely no motor or sensory function below the affected area. ... Models of spinal cord injury, mechanisms of secondary injury, treatment of the acute phase of spinal cord injury, as well as ... The spinal column contains and protects the spinal cord and exiting nerve roots. Some injuries affect only the spinal column ... How are spinal cord injuries treated?. Determining the prognosis for a spinal cord injured patient on admission remains ...

https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Conditions/Injuries/SpinalCordInjuries

Has anyone had a spinal cord stimulator implanted for nerve pain in the head (specifically occipital neuralgia)? If so, what ... Personally I would be wary of anything that was in direct contact with the spinal cord!!!! But then maybe I still have some ... I havent had one implanted on the spinal cord itself but I did try having stimulators placed directly on the occipital nerve ... Has anyone had a spinal cord stimulator implanted for nerve pain in the head (specifically occipital neuralgia)? If so, what ...

https://www.healingwell.com/community/default.aspx?f=31&m=1560345&g=1642211

A spinal cord tumor may be either a cancerous or noncancerous lesion in the spinal cord that grows between the membranes ... The spinal cord contains bundles of nerves that carry messages between the brain and the body. Because the spinal cord is ... covering the spinal cord or in the spinal canal. A tumor here can compress the spinal cord or its nerve roots,so even a ... Surgery to remove thebone around the spinal cord can ease pressure on the spinal nerves and nervepathways, which will usually ...

http://www.faqs.org/health/topics/13/Spinal-cord-tumors.html

Many scientists are optimistic that advances in research will someday make the repair of spinal cord injuries possible. (mayoclinic.org)
In the meantime, treatments and rehabilitation allow many people with spinal cord injuries to lead productive, independent lives. (mayoclinic.org)
Spinal cord injuries usually begin with a blow that fractures (breaks) or dislocates your vertebrae, the bone disks that make up your spine. (medlineplus.gov)
Most injuries don't cut through your spinal cord. (medlineplus.gov)
Spinal cord injuries can be complete or incomplete. (medlineplus.gov)
Despite the advent of novel medical therapies for the treatment of these injuries, many patients with spinal cord injury remain severely incapacitated and dependent on their families and/or specialized nursing care. (springer.com)
AANS Guidelines for the Management of Acute Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries. (springer.com)
In addition to the more overt effects of traumatic spinal cord injuries, the researchers say they have secondary effects, including loss of bowel control, which can cause disruption to the gut microbiome. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Popovich explains that one or both of these functions "could explain how post-injury disruption of the gut microbiome contributes to the pathology of spinal cord injuries and how probiotics block or reverse these effects. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Spinal cord injuries can happen from things like car accidents, diving accidents, gunshot wounds, tumors, or spinal surgery. (kidshealth.org)
How Are Spinal Cord Injuries Diagnosed? (kidshealth.org)
How Are Spinal Cord Injuries Treated? (kidshealth.org)
Men account for 82 percent of spinal cord injuries. (news-medical.net)
About 60 percent of people with spinal cord injuries are overweight or obese. (news-medical.net)
Some injuries affect only the spinal column without disturbing the nerve elements - while other, more severe injuries to the spine can result in temporary or permanent damage to the spinal cord and/or exiting nerve roots. (spine.org)
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) remains a devastating condition for both patients and their families. (spine.org)
There are approximately 10,000 new injuries in the United States each year with more than 200,000 people suffering from either paralysis of the arms or legs or both secondary to spinal cord injury. (spine.org)
Males account for roughly 75% of patients treated with spinal cord injuries. (spine.org)
Spinal cord injury due to violence is on a dramatic rise as manifested by the proportion of individuals injured by assault including penetrating injuries such as gun and knife wounds. (spine.org)
Preventive programs, which encourage children and young adults to modify risky behaviors, have the greatest prospect of reducing the incidence of spinal cord injuries. (spine.org)
Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Spinal Cord Injuries in minutes with SmartDraw. (smartdraw.com)
Researchers at Purdue University have discovered a new approach for repairing damaged nerve fibers in spinal cord injuries using nano-spheres that could be injected into the blood shortly after an accident. (redorbit.com)
Ongoing research at Purdue has shown the benefits of polyethylene glycol, or PEG, to treat animals with spinal cord injuries. (redorbit.com)
Image Caption: This image represents "copolymer micelles," tiny drug-delivery spheres that could be used in a new approach for repairing damaged nerve fibers in spinal cord injuries. (redorbit.com)
Scientists at Lineage Cell Therapeutics hope to treat spinal cord injuries with an allogeneic therapy created from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. (genengnews.com)
Culley's team is running clinical trials of its technology in cancer, dry age-related macular degeneration, and spinal-cord injuries. (genengnews.com)
Mayo Clinic's spinal cord injury rehabilitation team treats people with all causes of traumatic or nontrauma spinal cord injuries, including spinal cord tumors , spinal cord or vertebral infections, transverse myelitis , Guillain-Barre syndrome , multiple sclerosis , myelopathies, spinal cord infarctions and aneurysms . (mayoclinic.org)
http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries_poisoning/spinal_trauma/spinal_trauma.html?qt=spinal trauma&alt=sh. (mayoclinic.org)
In this printable worksheet, children read a passage about the human spinal cord, research spinal cord injuries, and write a proposal to raise funds for and awareness of spinal cord injuries. (teachervision.com)
It's very important to caution that this applies only to those with spinal injuries far enough down on the spine that there are remnants of nerves that are still functional above the injury that can be tapped into," stated Dr. J. Marc Simard , a professor of neurosurgery, pathology and physiology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore in a article by U.S. News . (redorbit.com)
ANN ARBOR--An injection of nanoparticles can prevent the body's immune system from overreacting to trauma, potentially preventing some spinal cord injuries from resulting in paralysis. (eurekalert.org)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a valuable diagnostic tool in patients with SCIWORA because of its superior ability to identify soft tissue lesions such as cord edema, hematomas and transections, and discoligamentous injuries that may not be visualized in plain radiographs and CT. (hindawi.com)
The incidences have been reported between 13 to 19% and 10 to 12% of spinal injuries in children and adults, respectively [ 6 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Spinal cord injuries in the cervical region are often accompanied by blood pressure instability and heart arrhythmias. (rxlist.com)
People with spinal cord injuries are at triple the usual risk for blood clots. (rxlist.com)
How do spinal cord injuries usually occur? (healthline.com)
How can I prevent spinal cord injuries? (healthline.com)
Because spinal cord injuries are often due to unpredictable events, the best you can do is reduce your risk. (healthline.com)
A listing of Spinal Cord Injuries medical research trials actively recruiting patient volunteers. (centerwatch.com)
The purpose of the study is to better understand the use of nerve transfer surgery on patients with spinal cord injuries. (centerwatch.com)
The mission of Spinal Cord Injury Saskatchewan is to assist persons with spinal cord injuries and other physical disabilities to achieve independence, self-reliance, and full community participation. (canadahelps.org)
Spinal Cord Injury Saskatchewan relies on the support and generosity from organizations and numerous volunteers who share an interest in supporting those with spinal cord injuries and other physical disabilities which limit mobility. (canadahelps.org)
All donations are receipted for tax purposes and will support Spinal Cord Injury Saskatchewan's drive to expand its support to 100% of Canadians with spinal cord injuries. (canadahelps.org)
Injuries to the spinal cord have been discussed in writing as far back as the Edwin Smith Papyrus several thousand years ago and such famous cases of injury have included Lord Nelson , General George Patton, politician George Wallace , and U.S. President James Garfield , as well as actor Christopher Reeve, who was left a quadriplegic after being thrown by a horse. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Much current research is focused on finding solutions to spinal cord injuries, including stimulating regrowth of axons , replacing damaged nerve or glial cells, and retraining the circuits. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Diagnosis Spinal cord injuries are intense. (authorstream.com)
The mission of ThinkFirst is to prevent brain, spinal cord and other traumatic injuries through education, research and advocacy. (thinkfirst.org)
Help us teach kids of all ages how to prevent traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries! (thinkfirst.org)
Decker in Chorley and Bachur (2014) Overview of Cervical Spinal Cord Injuries. (fpnotebook.com)
Invoking the names of Jack Jablonski and Gabe Rodreick, young Minnesotans who suffered spinal cord injuries, two state legislators are proposing an $8 million grant program for spinal cord and brain injury research. (startribune.com)
Ischemic and Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries: Mechanisms and Potential Therapies presents readers with comprehensive and cutting-edge information on molecular mechanisms, including the signal transduction processes associated with neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in ischemic, spinal cord, severe and mild brain injuries. (elsevier.com)
Some patients with spinal cord injuries later experience a substantial recovery of movement, and a new study in monkeys may explain why this is. (livescience.com)
However, the researchers said the findings might still have implications for those with more serious spinal injuries. (livescience.com)
If we can understand how this growth is naturally occurring, how this compensatory sprouting is naturally occurring, then we can potentially develop new treatments to elicit the same growth, or enhance the same growth in humans" with severe spinal cord injuries, said study researcher Ephron Rosenzweig of the Department of Neurosciences at the University of California, San Diego. (livescience.com)
Carmel said rats have also shown robust growth of nerve fibers after spinal injuries, but it's difficult to compare the two models because of their anatomical differences. (livescience.com)
In addition, the Commission will establish and maintain, in conjunction with the New Jersey Department of Health, a central registry of all persons who sustain spinal cord injuries. (nj.us)
The scientists say the research, which is to be published this week in the Journal of Neuroscience , is a major step towards mending spinal cord injuries in humans. (abc.net.au)
In many cases, spinal cord injuries require long-term physical and occupational therapy, especially if it interferes with activities of daily living. (wikipedia.org)
Paraplegia occurs when the legs are affected by the spinal cord damage (in thoracic, lumbar, or sacral injuries), and tetraplegia occurs when all four limbs are affected (cervical damage). (wikipedia.org)

A spinal cord injury - damage to any part of the spinal cord or nerves at the end of the spinal canal (cauda equina) - often causes permanent changes in strength, sensation and other body functions below the site of the injury. (mayoclinic.org)
The spinal cord is an extension of the brain and is made up of a thick bundle of nerves. (spinal.co.uk)
If you have injured the spinal cord in your neck, you will have injured one of your cervical nerves (1-8). (spinal.co.uk)
If you have injured the spinal cord in your back, you will have injured either thoracic nerves (1-12) or lumber nerves (1-5). (spinal.co.uk)
The nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord form the peripheral nervous system . (encyclopedia.com)
Some nerves enter the spinal cord on its dorsal surface (which is closest to the back). (encyclopedia.com)
These nerves carry sensory information to the spinal cord and are called afferent nerves. (encyclopedia.com)
In contrast, the nerves that exit the ventral surface (closest to the stomach) of the spinal cord carry information from the spinal cord to the rest of the body. (encyclopedia.com)
The term for nerves that conduct commands from the spinal cord to muscles and organs is efferent. (encyclopedia.com)
The afferent and efferent nerves are associated with an H-shaped area of gray matter in the center of the spinal cord. (encyclopedia.com)
Your spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that runs down the middle of your back. (medlineplus.gov)
Fibres exiting the spinal cord from the dorsal and ventral horns join in paired tracts to form the spinal nerves . (britannica.com)
A pair of spinal nerves leaves each segment of the spinal cord. (washington.edu)
Nerves that extend from the spinal cord from the lumbar and sacral levels must run in the vertebral canal for a distance before they leave the vertebral column. (washington.edu)
Receptors in the skin send information to the spinal cord through the spinal nerves. (washington.edu)
The spinal cord, however, is the series of nerves that runs down the hollow part of the vertebrae. (encyclopedia.com)
Spinal cord compression occurs when something presses down with sufficient force on the nerves within the spinal cord so that they lose their ability to function properly. (encyclopedia.com)
The spinal cord is a series of nerves bundled together that are responsible for most functions of the body, including, but not limited to, the "fight or flight" response, the movement of arms and legs, and feeling below the neck. (encyclopedia.com)
Not only do the different nerve clusters of the spinal cord have different functions, but each has nerves branching off from the spinal cord at many levels. (encyclopedia.com)
For example, nerves branching off the spinal cord in the low back control movement of the legs, and nerves branching off the spinal cord at the level of the neck are responsible for most of the movements of the arm. (encyclopedia.com)
The closer the compression is to the head, the more symptoms the patient is likely to have, since compression of the spinal cord affects all the levels of nerves below the area of compression that are part of the same nerve branch. (encyclopedia.com)
I got a cd from doc all about spinal cord stimulater and the only side effect is paralyzed cause they place the electric wires on your nerves and the doctor I talk to said for just the stimulater is like buying a new truck and alot of insurance will not pay. (drugs.com)
The spinal cord connects the brain with nerves throughout the body. (webmd.com)
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) means there is damage to the nerves that run through the backbone (spine). (aapmr.org)
The spinal cord contains bundles of nerves that carry messages between the brain and the body. (faqs.org)
Because the spinal cord is encased in bone, any tumor thatgrows on or near it can press on the nerves, interfering with this brain-to-body communication. (faqs.org)
Just as there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that attach to the brainstem, attached to thespinal cord there are four sets of peripheral nerves: 8 pairs of cervical nerves, 12 pairs ofthoracic nerves, 5 pairs of lumbar nerves, and 5 pairs of sacral nerves (see Figure 20.9).These are easy to remember if you think about the divisions of the spine. (infoplease.com)
A typical college level text will explore the various functions of the spinal nerves as well as the plexuses , which are braids of nerves that control various functions. (infoplease.com)
In general, the moremuscles controlled by nerves, the wider the spinal cord in that region. (infoplease.com)
Since the arms arecontrolled by cervical nerves, and the legs are controlled by the lumbar and sacral nerves,the thoracic nerves have little to do, hence the narrowness of the thoracic spinal cord. (infoplease.com)
The spinal cord is one long, thin bundle of nerves that spans the length of the back carrying nervous impulses to and from various parts of the body to the brain. (news-medical.net)
Fortunately, tumors affecting the spinal cord and nerves are rare and are often non-cancerous, benign lesions. (spineuniverse.com)
The injury may cut off or greatly reduce the blood supply to the spinal cord and nerves. (spineuniverse.com)
31 pairs of spinal nerves arise, each by an anterior and a posterior root, from each side of the cord. (which.net)
The spinal cord relays impulses also to the muscles, blood vessels, and glands by means of outgoing nerves, either in response to incoming stimuli or to signals from higher levels. (which.net)
The spinal cord is the control center for the nerves, which run like spaghetti all the way out to the tips of the fingers and the tips of the toes," noted Mackinnon, the director of the School of Medicine's Center for Nerve Injury and Paralysis, in a statement. (redorbit.com)
Even nerves below the injury remain healthy because they are still connected to the spinal cord. (redorbit.com)
The problem is that these nerves no longer 'talk' to the brain because the spinal cord injury blocks the signals. (redorbit.com)
Your spinal cord has nerves that send signals or messages back and forth between your brain and the rest of your body. (healthline.com)
Any injury to the spinal cord at or above the C3, C4, and C5 segments, which supply the phrenic nerves leading to the diaphragm, can stop breathing. (rxlist.com)
The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves and other tissue that the vertebrae of the spine contains and protects. (healthline.com)
The report mentions an intervertebral disc prolapse indenting the covering of the spinal cord and the spaces that carry the spinal nerves. (medhelp.org)
The nerves that pass through the spinal cord, and nerves from the PNS, provide sensory input to the brain, which processes the information and initiates responses. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The spinal cord is the cord of nerves that decends from the midbran through the spinal column, branching to nerves that convey motor and sensory impulses between the body and brain. (thinkfirst.org)
The thick, whitish cord of nerve tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata down through the spinal column and from which the spinal nerves branch off to various parts of the body. (thefreedictionary.com)
Looking at the spinal nerves growing back across a cut portion of the spinal cord. (abc.net.au)
Mice with a spinal cord injury are walking again after a treatment that allowed their damaged spinal nerves to grow back, Australian researchers say. (abc.net.au)
University of Melbourne's Professor Mary Galea and team found that removing the molecule known as EphA4 resulted in significant regrowth of the spinal nerves. (abc.net.au)
These star-shaped cells are in turn responsible for scarring in the damaged spinal cord, which prevents the damaged nerves from growing back. (abc.net.au)
Mice without EphA4 have little scarring in their spinal cord, allowing the nerves to grow once more, the researchers said. (abc.net.au)
The nerve roots then merge into bilaterally symmetrical pairs of spinal nerves. (wikipedia.org)
The peripheral nervous system is made up of these spinal roots, nerves, and ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
At each level of the spinal column, spinal nerves branch off from either side of the spinal cord and exit between a pair of vertebrae, to innervate a specific part of the body. (wikipedia.org)
The part of the spinal cord that was damaged corresponds to the spinal nerves at that level and below. (wikipedia.org)

Neuromodulation of the spine with spinal cord stimulators (SCS) has evolved into a viable technique to address this and other challenging diagnoses. (medscape.com)
If you have an accident that damages the vertebrae or other parts of the spine, this can also injure the spinal cord. (medlineplus.gov)
For example, if the cord compression is in the lower part of the spine, then parts of the legs may be affected with numbness, tingling and loss of power and movement. (encyclopedia.com)
A tethered spinal cord is a condition where there is restricted movement of the spinal cord, which lies within the spine, surrounded by the vertebrae. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
A tethered spinal cord can be caused during fetal development, or it can be from scar tissue in children who have had spine surgery. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Your child's neurosurgeon will remove a small amount of bone from the spine to reach the spinal cord. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
They will then free the tissue that is preventing the spinal cord from moving within the spine. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Right after the injury, doctors will do tests to look at the spinal cord, the spine (the bones that make up the backbone and protect the spinal cord), and the surrounding bones and tissues. (kidshealth.org)
Weber P, Vogel T, Bitterling H, Utzschneider S, von Schulze Pellengahr C, Birkenmaier C. Spinal cord infarction after operative stabilisation of the thoracic spine in a patient with tuberculous spondylodiscitis and sickle cell trait. (medscape.com)
Spinal fractures occur when an injury is sustained to the spine resulting in a break or disruption of the spinal vertebrae or the attached ligaments. (spine.org)
Treatment for patients with spinal cord injury often involves stabilizing the injured spine. (spine.org)
As part of the surgical treatment the spine may be re-aligned or bone may be removed from the spinal canal to decompress the spinal cord. (spine.org)
Secondary abscesses arise from another infection site, either distant from or contiguous to the spinal cord, most commonly from the lung, spine, heart valves, and genitourinary system. (medscape.com)
Whether cancerous or non-cancerous, tumors in the spine can cause serious health problems as they grow and place pressure on the spinal cord. (spineuniverse.com)
Compression can develop anywhere along the spinal cord from the neck to the lower spine. (healthline.com)
Doctors can diagnose spinal cord compression by performing a medical history and an exam, along with an X-ray of the spine and a CT scan or MRI test. (healthline.com)
Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormality" (SCIWORA) is a term that denotes objective clinical signs of posttraumatic spinal cord injury without evidence of fracture or malalignment on plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) of the spine. (hindawi.com)
SCIWORA is most commonly seen in children with a predilection for the cervical spinal cord due to the increased mobility of the cervical spine, the inherent ligamentous laxity, and the large head-to-body ratio during childhood. (hindawi.com)
The acronym SCIWORA (Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormality) was first defined in 1982 by Pang and Wilberger Jr. in a series of 24 children who suffered traumatic myelopathy with no radiographic evidence of fractures, dislocations, or malalignment of the spine [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Pang and Pollack described SCIWORA as a syndrome in which there are clinical signs of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) without overt traumatic vertebral column disruption as displayed by spine X-rays, computed tomographic (CT) scans, myelograms, and dynamic flexion/extension X-rays [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
A spinal Cord Injury is an amazingly genuine kind of injury when spine that breaks or separates vertebrae. (authorstream.com)
Causes include spinal cord tumors, spinal traumas, ischemia, and inflammatory processes affecting the spine. (fpnotebook.com)
Spinal cord metastases most often occur in the bones of the spine (vertebrae) and are called bone metastases. (cancer.ca)

human spinal cord Lower cervical segment of the human spinal cord. (britannica.com)
The human spinal cord is protected by the bony spinal column shown to the left. (washington.edu)
The human spinal column is made up of 33 bones: 7 vertebrae in the cervical region, 12 in the thoracic region, 5 in the lumbar region, 5 in the sacral region and 4 in the coccygeal region. (washington.edu)
The human spinal cord is elastic, and well protected by bone, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Much shorter than its protecting spinal column, the human spinal cord originates in the brainstem, passes through the foramen magnum, and continues through to the conus medullaris near the second lumbar vertebra before terminating in a fibrous extension known as the filum terminale. (wikipedia.org)

The spinal cord is a bundle of nerve fibers, no thicker than the human thumb, that links the brain with the rest of the body. (encyclopedia.com)
The nerve fibers enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root. (washington.edu)
We found a central role for so-called proprioceptive afferents, nerve fibers which signal proprioceptive information back to the spinal cord," says Takeoka. (eurekalert.org)
That leads to the rapid death of neurons, damage to the insulating sheaths around nerve fibers that allow them to send signals, and the formation of a scar that blocks the regeneration of the spinal cord's nerve cells. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers found certain nerve fibers that were not damaged when the spinal cord was injured spontaneously grew, or sprouted, and compensated for the severed connections, allowing the monkeys to gain back much sensation and movement. (livescience.com)
The corticospinal tract is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the brain's cortex with the spinal cord. (livescience.com)

[10] Studies differ greatly in reporting the percentage of people who have lead migration but the majority of studies report in the range of 10-25% of lead migration for spinal cord stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
The neurophysiological mechanisms of action of spinal cord stimulation are not completely understood but may involve masking pain sensation with tingling by altering the pain processing of the central nervous system . (wikipedia.org)
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a surgical treatment for chronic neuropathic pain that is refractory to other treatment. (springer.com)
Kemler, M.A., de Vet, H.C., Barendse, G.A., van den Wildenberg, F.A., van, K.M.: Effect of spinal cord stimulation for chronic complex regional pain syndrome Type I: five-year final follow-up of patients in a randomized controlled trial. (springer.com)
Viswanathan, A., Phan, P.C., Burton, A.W.: Use of spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of phantom limb pain: case series and review of the literature. (springer.com)
Spinal stimulation combined with assisted walking therapy generates new neural circuits and restores voluntary leg movement. (technologyreview.com)
A spinal cord stimulation (SCS) system includes implantable components (10), external components (20) and surgical tools and aids (30). (google.ca)
In the present book, twelve typical literatures about spinal cord injury published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on spinal cord stimulation, incomplete spinal cord injury, central cord syndrome, prehospital treatment, spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality and rehabilitation, etc. (scirp.org)
When surgery or other treatments have been unsuccessful or are not an option, spinal cord stimulation or peripheral nerve field stimulation therapy may offer relief and improved daily functioning. (spine-health.com)
The medical literature has shown that spinal cord stimulation is potentially effective for a number of chronic pain conditions, such as back pain, neck pain, and complex regional pain syndrome, that have not been helped by other treatments. (spine-health.com)
Unlike most surgical procedures, spinal cord stimulation therapy is reversible. (spine-health.com)
The pain relief experienced with spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation may allow people to take fewer pain medications. (spine-health.com)
Instead of taking a medication that affects the whole body and causes sleepiness, constipation, or other problems unrelated to the pain, spinal cord stimulation delivers pain relief only where it is needed. (spine-health.com)
Researchers have found that the costs associated with spinal cord stimulation compare favorably with alternatives, including non-surgical treatments . (spine-health.com)
The pain relief from spinal cord stimulation can continue for years, without a need for new pills or frequent office visits. (spine-health.com)
Spinal cord stimulation does not eliminate all pain, but has the potential to significantly reduce the pain. (spine-health.com)
1. Verrills P, Sinclair C, Barnard A. A review of spinal cord stimulation systems for chronic pain. (spine-health.com)
Novel 10-kHz High-frequency Therapy (HF10 Therapy) Is Superior to Traditional Low-frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Back and Leg Pain: The SENZA-RCT Randomized Controlled Trial. (spine-health.com)
Effectiveness of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Chronic Spinal Pain: A Systematic Review. (spine-health.com)
Scientists from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) use targeted spinal cord stimulation via an implant to restore limited locomotion to paralysed patients who had chronic spinal cord injury. (reuters.com)
New research from the Mayo Clinic has allowed a paralyzed man to move his legs, stand and take step-like motions through the use of a spinal cord stimulation device. (upi.com)
April 3 (UPI) -- Researchers at the Mayo Clinic used electrical stimulation of the spinal cord to help a paralyzed man intentionally move his legs, stand and make step-like motions for the first time in three years. (upi.com)
The patient underwent 22 weeks of physical therapy to prepare his muscles for movement during spinal cord stimulation. (upi.com)
Research into potential treatments includes stem cell implantation, engineered materials for tissue support, epidural spinal stimulation, and wearable robotic exoskeletons. (wikipedia.org)

In accordance with its internal focus on scientific rigor, Asubio recently discussed its endpoint development activities at a peer-attended symposium at the American Spinal Injury Association ( ASIA ) annual meeting. (prnewswire.com)
American Spinal Injury Association. (medscape.com)
She has presented research at national conferences of the American Spinal Injury Association, the American Association of Spinal Cord Injury Psychologists and Social Workers (now the Academy of SCI Professionals), the American Public Health Association, and the American Psychological Association. (bu.edu)
SATURN is a prospective cohort study of patients with moderately-severe to severe spinal cord injury, defined as American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A and B, who are treated with open-label NeuroAiD for 6 months in addition to standard care and followed for 24 months. (centerwatch.com)
The International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI), published by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), is widely used to document sensory and motor impairments following SCI. (wikipedia.org)

When the spinal cord is damaged, the communication between our brain and the rest of our body is disrupted, resulting in a loss of movement and sensation from below the level of injury. (spinal.co.uk)
The spinal cord is protected by the vertebral column , and together with the brain it comprises the central nervous system . (encyclopedia.com)
Many tracts start in the dorsal horn and carry sensory information from the cord to the brain (for example, the message that the hand is touching silk instead of sandpaper). (encyclopedia.com)
As the name implies, these tracts begin in the brain and travel down the spinal cord to make connections with neurons in the ventral horn. (encyclopedia.com)
In short, the spinal cord carries all of the information that enters and exits the brain. (encyclopedia.com)
Spinal cord , major nerve tract of vertebrates, extending from the base of the brain through the canal of the spinal column . (britannica.com)
Like the brain, the spinal cord is covered by three connective-tissue envelopes called the meninges . (britannica.com)
What Are the Key Statistics about Brain and Spinal Cord Cancers? (medlineplus.gov)
What Are the Risk Factors for Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Children? (medlineplus.gov)
The spinal cord is the main pathway for information connecting the brain and peripheral nervous system. (washington.edu)
This pattern is caused by the many axons going up to the brain from all levels of the spinal cord AND there are many axons traveling from the brain down to different segments of the spinal cord. (washington.edu)
In lower segments of the spinal cord, there is less white matter because there are fewer axons traveling to and from the brain. (washington.edu)
What Causes Children's Brain & Spinal Cord Tumors? (webmd.com)
The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system . (webmd.com)
Brain and spinal cord tumors in children are the result of cells growing out of control. (webmd.com)
Children's brain and spinal cord tumors can be located in the spinal cord or in any of the brain 's three main parts: the cerebrum, cerebellum, or brain stem. (webmd.com)
The brain stem is connected to the spinal cord. (webmd.com)
Benign brain and spinal cord tumors can affect the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord. (webmd.com)
In rare cases, children have inherited genes that increase the risk of a brain or spinal cord tumor. (webmd.com)
Unless they've got a higher genetic risk, children aren't routinely tested for brain or spinal cord tumors. (webmd.com)
That means there's no standard age for children to be diagnosed with a brain or spinal cord tumor. (webmd.com)
If her doctor suspects a tumor, your child may undergo imaging tests like a CT scan or MRI to get a picture of her brain or spinal cord. (webmd.com)
Most children with brain or spinal cord tumors can be treated successfully. (webmd.com)
The spinal cord is a cable that goes from the brain down to the lower back. (kidshealth.org)
What's New in Adult Brain and Spinal Cord Tumor Research? (cancer.org)
Research is always being done in the area of brain and spinal cord tumors. (cancer.org)
For more on how these tests are used, see Tests for Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults . (cancer.org)
In this approach, specially processed information from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS, described in Tests for Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults ) is used to make a map of important chemicals involved in tumor metabolism. (cancer.org)
The work has been funded by a Showalter Trust grant from Purdue and a grant from the Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Fund, and is partially supported by the state of Indiana and an R01 grant from National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. (redorbit.com)
This type of imaging test (described in Tests for Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults ) can be done before surgery to locate a particular function of the brain. (cancer.org)
A typology of alcohol use patterns among persons with recent traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury: implications for treatment matching. (medscape.com)
The participant has a very severe spinal cord injury that could have blocked this signal traveling from the hand to the brain. (reuters.com)
Dr. Andrew Jackson, professor of neural interfaces at Newcastle University, in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, U.K., told Reuters Health by email, "The study rests on a surprising finding: touch stimuli that are imperceptible to a spinal cord-injured participant can nevertheless be 'decoded' from brain activity in the motor cortex. (reuters.com)
The spinal cord functions by transmitting ascending impulses to the brain and descending impulses from the brain to the body. (which.net)
Spinal cord injury disconnects communication between the brain and the spinal cord, disrupting control over part of the body. (eurekalert.org)
Craig Hospital in Denver, Colorado is a world-renowned rehabilitation hospital that specializes in the neuro-rehabilitation and research of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). (bu.edu)
The approach was demonstrated in mice at the University of Michigan, with the nanoparticles enhancing healing by reprogramming the aggressive immune cells--call it an "EpiPen" for trauma to the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. (eurekalert.org)
Many of our reflex movements are controlled by the spinal cord but regulated by the brain. (rxlist.com)
When the spinal cord is damaged, information from the brain can no longer regulate reflex activity. (rxlist.com)
The spinal cord is responsible for sending messages from the brain to all parts of the body. (healthline.com)
Below C6 have lost communication with the spinal cord and brain. (upmc.com)
together, the brain and the spinal cord comprise the central nervous system of vertebrates. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Both the brain and the spinal cord develop from the embryonic feature known as the dorsal nerve cord . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The spinal cord functions primarily in the transmission of neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body (motor and sensory information, traveling in opposite directions down the spinal cord). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
However, the spinal cord also contains neural circuits that can independently coordinate numerous reflexes, which are automatic responses to various stimuli (such as pulling hand back from a hot object before the brain has processed the information). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The central nervous system is that portion of the vertebrate nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The CNS is contained within the dorsal cavity, with the brain in the cranial subcavity (the skull), and the spinal cord in the spinal cavity (within the vertebral column). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The spinal cord serves as the main route for the movement of sensory information to and from the brain. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Information flows to the CNS from the PNS, which senses the internal and external environment, and the response of the brain flows to the various organs and tissues by means of the spinal cord nerve network (Chamberlin and Narins 2005). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
A major part of the map of spinal cords of mice is released by researchers from Allen Institute for Brain Science in Fremont. (emaxhealth.com)
The Central nervous system consists of the brain, the spinal cord, and the body's nerve network. (medindia.net)
Chapters are organized by molecular aspects and neuroprotective strategies by disease, including ischemic injury, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. (elsevier.com)
The long, cord-like part of the central nervous system that is enclosed within the vertebral column (the backbone) and descends from the base of the brain. (thefreedictionary.com)
Brain and spinal cord metastases occur when a cancer spreads to the brain or spinal cord from another part of the body. (cancer.ca)
Leptomeningeal metastases (also called meningeal carcinomatosis) are tumours that develop when cancer spreads from another part of the body to the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord (meninges). (cancer.ca)

The spinal cord is located in the vertebral foramen and is made up of 31 segments: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal. (washington.edu)
the spinal cord extends down only to the last of the thoracic vertebrae. (washington.edu)
Vertebral metastases account for 85% of cases of spinal cord compression, and 70% of those metastases occur in the thoracic vertebrae. (encyclopedia.com)
The most common location for an intramedullary abscess is the posterior thoracic spinal cord. (medscape.com)
As may be expected, solitary lesions are more common and most likely appear in the thoracic cord. (medscape.com)
In 1899, Hoche demonstrated that abscesses may occur in areas of infarction, thus explaining the common incidence of septic spread to the lower half of the thoracic cord. (medscape.com)
Could a spinal cord injury cause a thoracic syrinx? (medhelp.org)
Also, the spinal cord has a varying width, ranging from 1/2 inch thick in the cervical and lumbar regions to 1/4 inch thick in the thoracic area. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The 26-year-old patient was paralyzed three years ago when he injured his spinal cord at the sixth thoracic vertebrae and lost all feeling and movement below the middle of his torso. (upi.com)
The diameter of the spinal cord ranges from 13 mm (1⁄2 in) in the cervical and lumbar regions to 6.4 mm (1⁄4 in) in the thoracic area. (wikipedia.org)

Damage to your spinal cord in your back will result in paraplegia. (spinal.co.uk)
Patients suffer paralysis and loss of sensation in their legs (paraplegia) if the lower part of the cord is damaged, or in their arms and legs (quadriplegia) if the injury is in the upper regions of the cord. (encyclopedia.com)
Paraplegia due to Spinal Cord Infarction After Lifting Heavy Objects. (medscape.com)

With a complete spinal cord injury, the cord can't send signals below the level of the injury. (medlineplus.gov)
Patients will be selected based on their baseline cervical motor level of sensori motor complete spinal cord injury ( ASIA Impairment Scale A, with a C4 to C7 level of cord injury) and will be stratified according to the baseline cervical motor level. (prnewswire.com)
A complete spinal cord injury means that the spinal cord has absolutely no motor or sensory function below the affected area. (spine.org)
Definition of complete spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)

Instead, they cause damage when pieces of vertebrae tear into cord tissue or press down on the nerve parts that carry signals. (medlineplus.gov)
Although the spinal column is somewhat flexible, some of the vertebrae in the lower parts of the spinal column become fused. (washington.edu)
Thus, the bony vertebrae and shock-absorbing disks protect the spinal cord from physical damage and compression. (encyclopedia.com)
Tibetan, showing spinal cord vertebrae of one figure. (wikimedia.org)
In humans, the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone, passing through the foramen magnum and entering the spinal canal at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae. (wikipedia.org)
The spinal cord extends down to between the first and second lumbar vertebrae, where it ends. (wikipedia.org)

Damage to the spinal cord can be caused by a trauma like an accident, or as a result of infection or disease. (spinal.co.uk)
Damage to the spinal cord in your neck will result in tetraplegia. (spinal.co.uk)
However, there are also risks of not having surgery for a tethered spinal cord, including further progression of the symptoms with permanent damage to the spinal cord. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
The researchers say these immune cells - called regulatory T cells - could prevent extra damage to the spinal cord after injury. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Damage to the spinal cord can be seen on an MRI immediately following trauma. (spineuniverse.com)
A spinal cord injury is damage to the spinal cord. (healthline.com)
A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function. (scirp.org)

In order to understand spinal cord compression, it is useful to understand the structure of the spinal cord and to understand the difference between the spinal cord and the vertebral column . (encyclopedia.com)
The vertebral column includes the bony structure surrounding the spinal cord and the spinal cord itself. (encyclopedia.com)
Spinal Cord, that part of the central nervous system contained within the vertebral or neural canal. (which.net)
The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. (wikipedia.org)
The enclosing bony vertebral column protects the relatively shorter spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)

A spinal cord tumor may be either a cancerous or noncancerous lesion in the spinal cord that grows between the membranes covering the spinal cord or in the spinal canal. (faqs.org)
The Batson plexus (the confluence of epidural veins in the spinal canal) may contribute to the origin of an abscess by allowing organisms to lodge and thus develop in the spinal cord and its surrounding parenchyma. (medscape.com)
Trauma can cause impact of bone, disc, and/or ligament against the tissues by narrowing the spinal canal or even dramatically changing its alignment. (spineuniverse.com)
question does it mean there is pressure on my spinal canal? (medhelp.org)
MRI on 2/7/20 impression: Multifactorial moderate spinal canal narrowing at L4-5, including disc bulging, dorsal epidural lipomatosis, an. (medhelp.org)
Bone spurs can narrow the spinal canal, causing compression of the spinal cord. (healthline.com)
Spinal cord levels of injury are named according to the corresponding vertebra and spinal nerve exiting from the spinal canal in that area. (upmc.com)
It encloses the central canal of the spinal cord, which contains cerebrospinal fluid. (wikipedia.org)

A Spinal Cord Stimulator (SCS) or Dorsal Column Stimulator (DCS) is a type of implantable neuromodulation device (sometimes called a "pain pacemaker") that is used to send electrical signals to select areas of the spinal cord (dorsal columns) for the treatment of certain pain conditions. (wikipedia.org)
After a short stimulator trial (typically less than 7 days), patients who report at least a 50% relief are set up for permanent spinal cord stimulator (SCS) placement. (medscape.com)
Placement of trial stimulator (median = 4) decreased pain scores significantly more than permanent spinal cord stimulator did (median = 2) ( P = 0.00). (medscape.com)
Finally, a significantly higher decrease in pain medication usage was seen after trial initiation (median = 0) versus after permanent spinal cord stimulator placement (median = 0) ( P = 0.028). (medscape.com)
But I'm waiting to do the trial for the spinal cord stimulator and I'm getting anxious and impatient. (drugs.com)
I have had very good results with my spinal cord stimulator. (drugs.com)
Has anyone had a spinal cord stimulator implanted for nerve pain in the head (specifically occipital neuralgia)? (healingwell.com)

After a spinal cord injury, you'll need spinal cord injury rehabilitation to optimize recovery and perhaps adapt to a new way of life. (mayoclinic.org)
Understanding this process in more detail can help us design rehabilitation strategies with maximal benefit for spinal cord injury patients. (eurekalert.org)
She is Principal Investigator for the current SCI Model Systems module project, "Utilization of Complementary and Integrative Healthcare to Treat Pain in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury" and a Craig H Neilsen Foundation-funded project, "A Bridge from Rehabilitation to Real-World: Reinventing Yourself after SCI. (bu.edu)
Ana Lucas-Osma, a research associate at the University of Alberta's Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, suffered a T7 spinal cord injury in Spain when she was 18. (edmontonjournal.com)
You also may expect to undergo intense rehabilitation treatment for your spinal cord injury. (healthline.com)
A Paradigm Shift in the Rehabilitation of Spinal Cord Injured Patients. (prweb.com)
Coupled with home study instruction, this PT Continuing Education Course course combines evaluative and rehabilitative teaching with hands-on practice on how to best combine the compensatory and recovery models in spinal cord injury rehabilitation. (prweb.com)
28-73422 ) to learn more about our spinal cord injury rehabilitation program or to refer a patient. (upmc.com)
Information is available to you throughout the UPMC Rehabilitation Institute's spinal cord injury webpages, as well as in documents from both inpatient and outpatient health care professionals. (upmc.com)

The pathologies associated with spinal cord infarction are numerous and include neoplasm, spinal epidural or subdural abscess, granuloma, spinal epidural or subdural hematoma, extramedullary spinal tumor (including meningioma, neurofibroma, extradural lymphoma, metastasis), and herniated intervertebral disk. (medscape.com)
Lyders EM, Morris PP. A Case of Spinal Cord Infarction Following Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection: MR Imaging and Angiographic Findings. (medscape.com)
Epidural steroid injections into the spinal area may help treat the symptoms of spinal cord compression. (healthline.com)
The patient then had surgery to implant an electrode in the epidural space near the spinal cord below the injury. (upi.com)

Although trauma, degenerative back disease, and genetic disorders can cause pressure on the spinal cord, the term spinal cord compression is usually reserved for cases in which the presence of a tumor results in pressure on the spinal cord. (encyclopedia.com)
https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Spinal-Cord-Injury-Information-Page. (mayoclinic.org)
Disorders of the spinal cord and roots. (nih.gov)
Bleeding disorders coupled with chiropractic manipulation can result in large clots compressing the spinal cord. (healthline.com)

Anyone who experiences significant trauma to his or her head or neck needs immediate medical evaluation for the possibility of a spinal injury. (mayoclinic.org)
Trauma centers must first sign on to participate in the study, and then attending trauma physicians and nurses will identify eligible patients when they arrive at a facility with a spinal cord injury. (prnewswire.com)
With industrialization, motor vehicle accidents (MVA) have become the leading cause of spinal trauma. (spine.org)
Spinal trauma. (mayoclinic.org)
While complete transection, or severing of the cord, is rare, the spinal cord can be badly damaged with even the slightest trauma delivered directly to it. (spineuniverse.com)
There is a surge of chemicals released by the body in response to trauma that causes inflammation, decreased spinal cord blood flow, and cell death. (spineuniverse.com)
The answer would probably be "Yes," since MRI is never the first-line imaging modality in the setting of acute spinal trauma. (hindawi.com)
Join the ' Spinal Cord Trauma ' group to help and get support from people like you. (drugs.com)
Our support group for Spinal Cord Trauma has 4 questions and 46 members. (drugs.com)

If all feeling (sensory) and all ability to control movement (motor function) are lost below the spinal cord injury, your injury is called complete. (mayoclinic.org)
Molecular mechanisms underlying monosynaptic sensory-motor circuit development in the spinal cord . (nih.gov)
While a partial or incomplete spinal cord injury means that the spinal cord transmits some information to move the limbs or provides some sensory information from the skin. (spine.org)
A look at the spinal cord, our bridge to the PNS, shows that the sensory and motor tracts occupy areas of the cord. (infoplease.com)
There are three pathways for sensory information, from the ventral ramus and dorsal ramus (ramus = branch, plural = rami ) of the spinal nerve, or from the sympathetic nerve. (infoplease.com)
Sensory nerve cell bodies go in the dorsal root ganglia , and motor nerve cell bodies go in the sympathetic ganglia , which sit anterior to the ventral root, but branch off of the spinal nerve itself. (infoplease.com)
A careful evaluation of the injury and testing of sensory reflexes may be sufficient for a physician to rule out a spinal cord injury, but if the patient seems weak, confused or complains of neck pain, for example, the following emergency tests may be arranged. (news-medical.net)
While the patient was unable to perceive mechanical sensory stimuli below spinal level C6, sensory stimuli to the hand robustly modulated neural activity in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1). (reuters.com)
The spinal line is the significant piece of the focal sensory system of body or primary pathway for data that associates the mind and fringe sensory system. (authorstream.com)
Tethered spinal cord syndrome may go undiagnosed until adulthood, when sensory and motor problems and loss of bowel and bladder control emerge. (smartdraw.com)
The spinal cord functions primarily in the transmission of nerve signals from the motor cortex to the body, and from the afferent fibers of the sensory neurons to the sensory cortex. (wikipedia.org)
In cross-section, the peripheral region of the cord contains neuronal white matter tracts containing sensory and motor axons. (wikipedia.org)
An "incomplete" spinal cord injury involves preservation of motor or sensory function below the level of injury in the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)

The lowest normal part of your spinal cord is referred to as the neurological level of your injury. (mayoclinic.org)
The 3G Arrow Rear Wheel Drive Power Wheelchair with TrueTrack is a powered wheelchair designed for use by individuals with mobility, neurological, or lower extremity disabilities or spinal cord injury. (abledata.com)
The 3rd Hand Small Electronics Mount is an extension arm for wheelchair accessories designed for use by individuals with mobility or neurological disabilities or spinal cord injury. (abledata.com)
PARAMUS, N.J. , April 23, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Today, Asubio announced the initiation of a landmark Phase 2 clinical trial of SUN13837, an investigational medication being developed to improve neurological function in patients with newly diagnosed acute spinal cord injury. (prnewswire.com)
This randomized, placebo-controlled study will determine whether subjects receiving SUN13837 are more likely to improve by two or more motor levels from baseline on either their right or left side as determined using the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Scale. (prnewswire.com)
The clinician uses the patient's neurological exam, age, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of the spinal cord, and other clinical data to guide the patient and his family on the expected outcome for a specific injury. (spine.org)
Ditunno JF Jr, Young W, Donovan WH, Creasey G. The international standards booklet for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
Tethered spinal cord syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by tissue attachments that limit the movement of the spinal cord within the spinal column. (smartdraw.com)

It is our opinion that early recognition of spinal cord injury and careful management in an intensive care setting can prevent many of the medical complications that are the major source of morbidity and mortality in these patients. (springer.com)
Importantly, the first symptom patients usually display prior to actual spinal cord compression is pain, especially pain that is not relieved by lying down, and which has lasted one month or more. (encyclopedia.com)
While Gater and his patients hope this research will lead to advances in spinal cord injury care, there's also potential for it to help with the overall obesity problem. (news-medical.net)
Salvador de la Barrera S, Barca-Buyo A, Montoto-Marques A. Spinal cord infarction: prognosis and recovery in a series of 36 patients. (medscape.com)
1.] The potential outcome of this trial may support greater independence for patients with spinal cord injury, and help reduce demands on healthcare resources,' added Dr. Levinson. (prnewswire.com)
Improvements in the treatment of the chronic stages of the disease include the surgical management of syringomyelia, late post-traumatic deformity, and pain control has also been achieved.Increased survival for patients with spinal cord injury has focused the health care industry to develop strategies to enhance the quality of life via improvements, which range from lighter wheel chairs to development of fertility programs for the spinal cord injured patient. (spine.org)
These new basic research findings implicate the importance of continued use of affected body parts for rehabilitative success in spinal cord injury patients. (eurekalert.org)
That spectrum includes everything from paralysis to a loss of sensation for many of the 12,000 new spinal injury patients each year in the United States. (eurekalert.org)
Hopefully, this technology could lead to new therapeutic strategies not only for patients with spinal cord injury but for those with various inflammatory diseases," said Jonghyuck Park, a U-M research fellow working with Shea. (eurekalert.org)
Many are set to use the publication as a way of delivering support to new patients and NHS spinal injury units have already purchased the book. (lboro.ac.uk)
Although the role of operative treatment in SCIWORA can be controversial, surgical alternatives such as decompression and fusion should be considered in selected patients with clinical and MRI evidence of persistent spinal cord compression and instability. (hindawi.com)
Spinal cord injury patients who are intubated have to be carefully monitored for VAP and treated with antibiotics if symptoms appear. (rxlist.com)
It is recommended that all patients be seen on a regular basis by both their primary care physician and their spinal cord injury physician. (upmc.com)
Research by University of Iowa professor, Richard Shields, Ph.D. can provide a ray of hope for a cure for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). (medindia.net)
The findings may lead to better ways to treat patients with spinal cord injures. (livescience.com)

Numbness or paralysis may occur immediately or come on gradually as bleeding or swelling occurs in or around the spinal cord. (mayoclinic.org)
7. Muscle paralysis:  LMN paralysis : LMN in the spinal cord at the level of the lesion (C3,4,5,6. (slideshare.net)
C3-4 innervate diaphragm  breathing difficulty  C5-6 innervate biceps  flaccid paralysis, reflex (-)  UMN paralysis : affected the corticospinal tract (UMN axons) that will end in the spinal cord segment bellow the lesion  spastic paralysis. (slideshare.net)
Suspected spinal cord compression because of a tumor is a medical emergency.Prompt intervention may prevent paralysis. (faqs.org)
One of the most common features of spinal cord injury is paralysis. (news-medical.net)
We at Spinal Research want to see the day when spinal cord injury does not mean a lifetime of paralysis. (thepetitionsite.com)
A spinal cord injury closer to the neck will typically cause paralysis throughout a larger part of the body than one in the lower back area. (healthline.com)
Severe damage can result in paralysis and poliomyelitis results from a viral inflammation of the spinal cord's gray matter. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
This type of repair likely occurs only in cases of mild spinal cord injury - severe cases result in more permanent paralysis. (livescience.com)

The space between the outer and middle envelopes is filled with cerebrospinal fluid , a clear, colourless fluid that cushions the spinal cord. (britannica.com)
The subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which can be sampled with a lumbar puncture, or "spinal tap" procedure. (wikipedia.org)

Treatment also may include pain relievers and drugs to lessen swelling around the tumor, and relieve pressure on the spinal cord. (faqs.org)

The regions of the spinal cord that are largely or entirely composed of myelinated nerve cell axons and contain few or no neural cell bodies or dendrites. (ebi.ac.uk)
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A sensorimotor neural interface successfully restored touch sensation in a patient with quadriplegia resulting from spinal cord injury (SCI), researchers report. (reuters.com)
The BSCB provides a specialized protective 'microenvironment' for neural cells in the spinal cord. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A spinal cord injury breaks that barrier, letting in overzealous immune cells that create too much inflammation for the delicate neural tissues. (eurekalert.org)
Tethered spinal cord syndrome appears to be the result of improper growth of the neural tube during fetal development, and is closely linked to spina bifida. (smartdraw.com)
It is also the location of groups of spinal interneurons that make up the neural circuits known as central pattern generators. (wikipedia.org)

Spinal Cord in 2018. (nature.com)

Furlan JC, Fehlings MG. Cardiovascular complications after acute spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. (medscape.com)

The spinal cord is continuous with the caudal portion of the medulla, running from the base of the skull to the body of the first lumbar vertebra. (wikipedia.org)

If the cord compression becomes more severe, it can affect lower muscle functions such as bowel and bladder. (encyclopedia.com)
The psychological and psychiatric care for the children after severe spinal cord injury in the framework of the combined early rehabilitative treatment]. (nih.gov)
Severe sepsis or pneumonia frequently follows treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone that is frequently used in spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
Spinal cord injury can lead to serious disability and have severe impacts on a person's quality of life. (news-medical.net)
They depend on how severe the compression is and on what area of the spinal cord is compressed. (healthline.com)
However, there are severe potential effects of a spinal cord injury. (healthline.com)

The tumor may originate in a number of areas and either directly or indirectly put pressure on the cord. (encyclopedia.com)
A tumor here can compress the spinal cord or its nerve roots,so even a noncancerous growth may be disabling unless it's properly treated. (faqs.org)
An illustration shows an example of spinal cord compression caused by a tumor.Photo Source:123RF.com. (spineuniverse.com)
The first step in diagnosing a spinal cord tumor includes a discussion of the child's health history and a thorough physical examination. (spineuniverse.com)
If a spinal cord tumor is suspected, the child will need to undergo some diagnostic tests to rule out other possible health problems. (spineuniverse.com)
The microscopic appearance of the tumor after it is biopsied or excised (histopathology), is essential for determining the appropriate treatment of a spinal cord tumor. (spineuniverse.com)
Surgery is performed to remove or reduce the size of the tumor and alleviate the pressure ont he spinal column caused by the tumor. (spineuniverse.com)
The tumor can put pressure on the cord if this occurs, causing compression. (healthline.com)
Your doctor may prescribe other treatments, such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy, to shrink a tumor that's causing cord compression. (healthline.com)

Thus, compression of the spinal cord at different levels can result in very different symptoms. (encyclopedia.com)
Compression of the spinal cord in this region would be known as compression at C7. (encyclopedia.com)
This kind of pain should be sufficient to suspect imminent spinal cord compression due to cancerous causes. (encyclopedia.com)
The top priority is to exclude spinal cord compression by a mass lesion. (medscape.com)
Malignant spinal cord compression: a hospice emergency. (medscape.com)
Spinal cord compression occurs when a mass places pressure on the cord. (healthline.com)
What are the symptoms of spinal cord compression? (healthline.com)
The symptoms of spinal cord compression can vary. (healthline.com)
Spinal cord compression affects fine motor skills and coordination. (healthline.com)
Spinal cord compression has many possible causes. (healthline.com)
Certain degenerative diseases, such as arthritis, can lead to spinal cord compression. (healthline.com)
A ruptured disk may lead to spinal cord compression. (healthline.com)
Injury to the spinal cord or the area around the cord can lead to swelling, which can cause compression. (healthline.com)
Who is at risk for spinal cord compression? (healthline.com)
Anyone can have an injury or develop a condition that leads to spinal cord compression. (healthline.com)
Use of poor lifting techniques may increase your risk of a neck or back injury, which can cause spinal cord compression. (healthline.com)
People who have osteoarthritis may also be at an increased risk for developing spinal cord compression. (healthline.com)
How is spinal cord compression diagnosed? (healthline.com)
How is spinal cord compression treated? (healthline.com)
Treatment for a spinal compression depends on the causes and the severity of the compression. (healthline.com)
Some people with spinal cord compression may benefit from physical therapy. (healthline.com)
What is the outlook for people with spinal cord compression? (healthline.com)
How is spinal cord compression prevented? (healthline.com)
It may not be possible to prevent spinal cord compression in all cases because there are so many possible causes. (healthline.com)
Maintaining a healthy weight and getting regular exercise can help reduce added pressure on the back and symptoms of a cord compression. (healthline.com)
Spinal cord compression occurs when a mass places pressure anywhere on the spinal cord down to the lower back. (healthline.com)

Spinal Cord wants to encourage researchers that are still working to consider conducting Systematic Reviews or Narrative Reviews. (nature.com)
With all of their background knowledge on the effects of the gut microbiome, the researchers hypothesized that changes in the gut microbiome could affect spinal cord injury recovery. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Researchers at the University of Michigan Health System are looking at how people with spinal cord injury burn calories and how that is affected by their muscle mass and body weight. (news-medical.net)
Purdue researchers have now shown that the micelles themselves repair damaged axons, fibers that transmit electrical impulses in the spinal cord. (redorbit.com)
The researchers used the chamber to study how well micelles repaired damaged nerve cells by measuring the "compound action potential," or the ability of a spinal cord to transmit signals. (redorbit.com)
A team of researchers at the University of South Florida investigating the short and long-term effects of ischemic stroke in a rodent model has found that stroke can cause long-term damage to the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), creating a "toxic environment" in the spinal cord that might leave stroke survivors susceptible to motor dysfunction and disease pathology. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The researchers, who evaluated the BSCB in test animals at seven and 30 days after stroke modeling, found that ischemic stroke damaged the gray and white matter in the cervical spinal cord on both sides of the spinal column, based on analysis of electron microscope images. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These stroke-related alterations in the cervical spinal cord indicate pervasive and long-lasting BSCB damage that would severely affect spinal cord function, wrote the researchers, adding that the widespread microvascular impairment in the gray and white matter of the cervical spinal cord aggravated motor neuron deterioration and had the potential to cause motor dysfunction. (medicalnewstoday.com)
But now, U-M researchers have designed nanoparticles that intercept immune cells on their way to the spinal cord, redirecting them away from the injury. (eurekalert.org)
We hope this book can demonstrate advances in spinal cord injury as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people. (scirp.org)
Researchers were working several months in creating a map, which is to describe spinal cord of mice. (emaxhealth.com)
Allen Institute researchers expect to completely finish spinal cord map early next year, and the map will cost about $2.3 million. (emaxhealth.com)
This growth was able to restore 60 percent of the original spinal cord connections, the researchers said. (livescience.com)
Spinal cord stimulating device created by researchers at the Mayo Clinic. (upi.com)
Another of the researchers Dr Ann Turnley said most people with spinal cord damage often suffered devastating effects and there was usually little chance they would ever regain much movement. (abc.net.au)

The surgery reported in the Journal of Neurosurgery was the first one she had done that applied the peripheral nerve technique and gave the limb function following a spinal cord injury. (redorbit.com)

Different parts of the spinal cord control different body parts. (kidshealth.org)

According to the dermatom area, the patient got loss of sensation up to segment C3 of dermatom (Base of the neck is C2-3) .Thus, the probale site of the lesion is on C3 or bellow C3 segment of the spinal cord. (slideshare.net)
A disorder caused by a spinal injury leading to an incomplete spinal lesion. (fpnotebook.com)

Ideally the tethered cord is treated soon after diagnosis because long-standing symptoms may not improve after the spinal cord is untethered. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Luo CB, Chang FC, Teng MM. Magnetic resonance imaging as a guide in the diagnosis and follow-up of spinal cord infarction. (medscape.com)

With this particular surgery, the risks include excessive bleeding, infection, injury to the spinal cord, persistent leaking of spinal fluid and anesthesia complications. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
People who survive a spinal cord injury will most likely have medical complications such as chronic pain and bladder and bowel dysfunction, along with an increased susceptibility to respiratory and heart problems. (rxlist.com)
Respiratory complications, primarily as a result of pneumonia , are a leading cause of death in people with spinal cord injury. (rxlist.com)

Spinal Cord Stimulators are placed in two different stages: a trial stage followed by a final implantation stage. (wikipedia.org)
I haven't had one implanted on the spinal cord itself but I did try having stimulators placed directly on the occipital nerve as well as the super-orbital area. (healingwell.com)

Many cell bodies in the ventral horn of the spinal cord send axons through the ventral root to muscles to control movement. (washington.edu)
I had a recent MRI that show C5-6 broad-based right posterior central disc protusion extending 3 mm beyond the endplate margins with right ventral cord flattening and mild attenuation of the thecal sac on the right, 8 mm AP. (medhelp.org)
2013). The spinal cord runs along the dorsal side of the vertebrate body, above the gut, unlike the ventral nerve cord of invertebrates , which is usually positioned on the ventral side, below the gut, and likewise is solid, not hollow and fluid-filled. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Ventral roots consist of efferent fibers that arise from motor neurons whose cell bodies are found in the ventral (or anterior) gray horns of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
The cord is stabilized within the dura mater by the connecting denticulate ligaments, which extend from the enveloping pia mater laterally between the dorsal and ventral roots. (wikipedia.org)

These symptoms can occur around the spinal cord, and also in other areas such as your arms and legs. (medlineplus.gov)
Since abscesses may occur anywhere along the spinal axis, anatomy varies with location involved. (medscape.com)
Spinal cord abscesses occur more frequently in males than females with a peak incidence in the first and third decades of life. (medscape.com)
Injury can occur at any level of the spinal cord and can be complete injury, with a total loss of sensation and muscle function, or incomplete, meaning some nervous signals are able to travel past the injured area of the cord. (scirp.org)

Spinal cord tumors in children are rare, but they do happen. (spineuniverse.com)

SCIWORA (spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality) in infants and children. (medscape.com)
Pang D. Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in children, 2 decades later. (medscape.com)

For people suffering from a spinal cord injury, it is much more than just not being able to walk. (thepetitionsite.com)

Other treatments are being studied to see how they can help people with a spinal cord injury. (kidshealth.org)

What Are the Treatments for Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)? (medlineplus.gov)

Valid clinical trial programs, such as the acute spinal cord injury study being supported by Asubio provide an objective path to understanding and improving life after spinal cord injury,' said John Steeves , PhD, Peter Wall Distinguished Scholar in Residence, Professor and Founding Director of ICORD (International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries). (prnewswire.com)

In subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, the "combined" refers to the fact that the dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts are both affected, in contrast to tabes dorsalis which is selective for the dorsal columns. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, depending on which angle the spinal cord is compressed from, a person could experience numbness versus a loss of the ability to control muscles (often seen as an odd limp), depending on which area is compressed. (encyclopedia.com)
Treatment for a spinal cord injury depends on what muscles, sensations, and functions are involved. (kidshealth.org)
The area of skin innervated by a specific spinal nerve is called a dermatome, and the group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve is called a myotome. (wikipedia.org)

Spinal cord infarction in disease and surgery of the aorta. (medscape.com)
Surgery is usually performed by a neurosurgeon or orthopedic surgeon who has a special interest in spinal surgery. (spine.org)
Surgery is usually the first step in treating cancerous and noncancerous tumors outside the spinalcord. (faqs.org)
Tumors inside the spinal cord may not be able to be completely removedwith surgery. (faqs.org)
Health issues Web site America's Health Network on Tuesday will host a Webcast of spinal cord surgery on a 55-year-old chronic back pain sufferer. (zdnet.com)
This procedure is unusual for treating quadriplegia because we do not attempt to go back into the spinal cord where the injury is," remarked surgeon Dr. Ida K. Fox , an assistant professor of plastic and reconstructive surgery at Washington University, in a prepared statement. (redorbit.com)
According to the report, the patient completed the surgery two years after his spinal injury. (redorbit.com)
During the surgery, Mackinnon operated in the upper arms to work around the patient´s C7 spinal cord injury. (redorbit.com)
Spinal Cord Injury Treatment There is an assortment of treatment and surgery alternatives for spinal cord injury, contingent upon the influenced region. (authorstream.com)

Since spinal cord tumors usually are caused by spread of cancer that has first appeared elsewhere in the body, early detection of cancer in other organs may prevent spinal cord tumors. (faqs.org)

Combarros O, Vadillo A, Gutierrez-Perez R. Cervical spinal cord infarction simulating myocardial infarction. (medscape.com)
A Washington University research study seeks participants with cervical spinal cord injury. (centerwatch.com)

In the United States, about 12,000 people a year survive a spinal cord injury. (wikipedia.org)

The causes of spinal cord injury are varied. (spine.org)

If your child has the symptoms described and has been diagnosed with spina bifida , diastematomyelia, dermal sinus, syringomyelia or imperforate anus, they have an increased risk for a tethered spinal cord. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
If your child has any of the symptoms of a tethered spinal cord, it is important to have them examined by your primary care provider, who will refer you to a neurosurgeon if needed. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
If there are several tumors in different areas of the spinal cord at the same time, it may cause symptoms in a variety of spots on the body. (faqs.org)
Symptoms of spinal tumors generally develop slowly and worsen over time. (spineuniverse.com)
Symptoms may include loss of muscle function, sensation, or autonomic function in the parts of the body served by the spinal cord below the level of the injury. (scirp.org)
This delayed presentation of symptoms is related to the degree of strain placed on the spinal cord over time. (smartdraw.com)

Spinal IL-33/ST2 signaling mediates chronic itch in mice through the astrocytic JAK2-STAT3 cascade. (nih.gov)
whereas phantom pain(9), postherpetic neuralgia(10), chronic visceral pain(11), and pain after partial spinal cord injury(12) remain more controversial. (springer.com)
Association between mobility mode and C-reactive protein levels in men with chronic spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
Spinal cord abscesses arise in spinal cord parenchyma and can be solitary or multiple, contiguous or isolated, and chronic or acute, depending upon the organism and individual patient. (medscape.com)
A multicenter, prospective trial to assess the safety and performance of the spinal modulation dorsal root ganglion neurostimulator system in the treatment of chronic pain. (spine-health.com)

about 10,000 Americans develop spinal cord growths each year, and about 40% of them are cancerous. (faqs.org)
Cancerous and noncancerous tumors can grow in the space near the spinal cord. (healthline.com)

A spinal cord injury disrupts the signals. (medlineplus.gov)
The bottom graphs show data indicating damaged spinal cord tissue recovered its "action potential," or ability to transmit signals, after treatment with the micelles. (redorbit.com)
Following spinal cord injury, disrupted neuronal pathways can no longer provide sufficiently strong signals to the spinal networks below the injury, often leading to permanent and devastating motor impairment," explains prof. Aya Takeoka from NERF (NeuroElectronics Research Flanders), an interdisciplinary research center empowered by VIB, KU Leuven and imec. (eurekalert.org)

Spinal tumors, also called neoplasms, are abnormal growths of tissue found inside the spinal column. (spineuniverse.com)
Tethering may also develop after spinal cord injury and scar tissue can block the flow of fluids around the spinal cord. (smartdraw.com)

Anatomy71

Organisms9

Diseases63

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes34

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Health Care3

Adenoviral gene transfer into the normal and injured spinal cord: enhanced transgene stability by combined administration of temperature-sensitive virus and transient immune blockade. (1/10835)

Activity-dependent metaplasticity of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in the lamprey spinal cord locomotor network. (2/10835)

Spinal cord-evoked potentials and muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in 10 awake human subjects. (3/10835)

Complete compensation in skilled reaching success with associated impairments in limb synergies, after dorsal column lesion in the rat. (4/10835)

Neurite outgrowth-regulating properties of GABA and the effect of serum on mouse spinal cord neurons in culture. (5/10835)

Presence of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic terminal boutons. (6/10835)

Cannabinoid suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity in wide dynamic range neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn of the rat. (7/10835)

Pharmacodynamic actions of (S)-2-[4,5-dihydro-5-propyl-2-(3H)-furylidene]-1,3-cyclopentanedione (oudenone). (8/10835)

Spinal Cord

Spinal Cord Injuries

Spinal Cord Diseases

Spinal Cord Compression

Spinal Cord Neoplasms

Spinal Cord Ischemia

Injections, Spinal

Paraplegia

Spinal Nerve Roots

Spinal Nerves

Motor Neurons

Spinal Cord Regeneration

Spinal Canal

Spinal Neoplasms

Cervical Vertebrae

Anesthesia, Spinal

Quadriplegia

Thoracic Vertebrae

Spinal Diseases

Umbilical Cord

Posterior Horn Cells

Laminectomy

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Lumbosacral Region

Recovery of Function

Nerve Regeneration

Axons

Spinal Stenosis

Ganglia, Spinal

Spinal Cord Stimulation

Locomotion

Spinal Fusion

Spinal Injuries

Anterior Horn Cells

Myelitis

Cordotomy

Paralysis

Muscular Atrophy, Spinal

Pain

Neurons

Hyperalgesia

Electric Stimulation Therapy

Neuralgia

Disease Models, Animal

Myelography

Electric Stimulation

Spine

Epidural Space

Afferent Pathways

Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic

Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal

Hindlimb

Neurons, Afferent

Nociceptors

Lumbar Vertebrae

Reflex

Time Factors

Lampreys

Motor Activity

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Interneurons

Pyramidal Tracts

Electromyography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Pain Measurement

Tuberculosis, Spinal

Myelin Sheath

Cats

Central Nervous System

Fetal Blood

Physical Stimulation

Neuroglia

Immunohistochemistry

Contusions

Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory

Brain Stem

Spinal Curvatures

Oligodendroglia

Spermatic Cord

Sciatic Nerve