A polyamine formed from putrescine. It is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic acids. It is found as a cation at all pH values, and is thought to help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures. It is a precursor of spermine.
An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the propylamine moiety from 5'-deoxy-5'-S-(3-methylthiopropylamine)sulfonium adenosine to putrescine in the biosynthesis of spermidine. The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 73,000 kDa and is composed of two subunits of equal size.
A toxic diamine formed by putrefaction from the decarboxylation of arginine and ornithine.
Polyamines are organic compounds with more than one amino group, involved in various biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, and found to be increased in certain diseases including cancer.
A biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.
An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.
Biogenic amines having more than one amine group. These are long-chain aliphatic compounds that contain multiple amino and/or imino groups. Because of the linear arrangement of positive charge on these molecules, polyamines bind electrostatically to ribosomes, DNA, and RNA.
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein, believed to be the rate-limiting compound in the biosynthesis of polyamines. It catalyzes the decarboxylation of ornithine to form putrescine, which is then linked to a propylamine moiety of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to form spermidine.
An enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to yield 5'-deoxy-(5'-),3-aminopropyl-(1), methylsulfonium salt. It is one of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of spermidine from putrescine. EC 4.1.1.50.
A family of alicyclic hydrocarbons containing an amine group with the general formula R-C6H10NH2.
An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the propylamine moiety from 5'-deoxy-5'-S-(3-methylthiopropylamine)sulfonium adenosine to spermidine in the biosynthesis of spermine. It has an acidic isoelectric point at pH 5.0. EC 2.5.1.22.
Enzymes catalyzing the transfer of an acetyl group, usually from acetyl coenzyme A, to another compound. EC 2.3.1.
Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.
An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.
Organic chemicals which have two amino groups in an aliphatic chain.
Enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of secondary amines, introducing a C=N double bond as the primary reaction. In some cases this is later hydrolyzed.
A foul-smelling diamine formed by bacterial decarboxylation of lysine.
Enzymes that catalyze the addition of a carboxyl group to a compound (carboxylases) or the removal of a carboxyl group from a compound (decarboxylases). EC 4.1.1.
Nucleosides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms.
Enzymes that catalyze the joining of either ammonia or an amide with another molecule, in which the linkage is in the form of a carbon-nitrogen bond. EC 6.3.1.
Leukemia L1210 is a designation for a specific murine (mouse) leukemia cell line that was originally isolated from a female mouse with an induced acute myeloid leukemia, which is widely used as a model in cancer research, particularly for in vivo studies of drug efficacy and resistance.
A group of enzymes including those oxidizing primary monoamines, diamines, and histamine. They are copper proteins, and, as their action depends on a carbonyl group, they are sensitive to inhibition by semicarbazide.
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Adenosine molecules which can be substituted in any position, but are lacking one hydroxyl group in the ribose part of the molecule.
Butylamines are a class of organic compounds where a butyl group is attached to an amine functional group, with the general structure (C4H9)NHR or (C4H9)NR'R", commonly used as stimulants, entactogens, and psychedelics.
Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)
A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
A family of iminourea derivatives. The parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. Derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties.
Propylamines are organic compounds consisting of an amino group (-NH2) attached to a propyl group (CH3CH2CH2-), which can act as central nervous system stimulants, local anesthetics, or vasopressors, depending on their specific chemical structure.
A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.
An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.
A plant family of the order Hydropteridales, class Filicopsida, division PTERIDOPHYTA. They are aquatic ferns with quatrifoliate leaves resembling four leaf clover, creeping rhizome, and bean shaped sporocarps.

Inward rectification in KATP channels: a pH switch in the pore. (1/1225)

Inward-rectifier potassium channels (Kir channels) stabilize the resting membrane potential and set a threshold for excitation in many types of cell. This function arises from voltage-dependent rectification of these channels due to blockage by intracellular polyamines. In all Kir channels studied to date, the voltage-dependence of rectification is either strong or weak. Here we show that in cardiac as well as in cloned KATP channels (Kir6.2 + sulfonylurea receptor) polyamine-mediated rectification is not fixed but changes with intracellular pH in the physiological range: inward-rectification is prominent at basic pH, while at acidic pH rectification is very weak. The pH-dependence of polyamine block is specific for KATP as shown in experiments with other Kir channels. Systematic mutagenesis revealed a titratable C-terminal histidine residue (H216) in Kir6.2 to be the structural determinant, and electrostatic interaction between this residue and polyamines was shown to be the molecular mechanism underlying pH-dependent rectification. This pH-dependent block of KATP channels may represent a novel and direct link between excitation and intracellular pH.  (+info)

Agmatine modulates polyamine content in hepatocytes by inducing spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase. (2/1225)

Agmatine has been proposed as the physiological ligand for the imidazoline receptors. It is not known whether it is also involved in the homoeostasis of intracellular polyamine content. To show whether this is the case, we have studied the effect of agmatine on rat liver cells, under both periportal and perivenous conditions. It is shown that agmatine modulates intracellular polyamine content through its effect on the synthesis of the limiting enzyme of the interconversion pathway, spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase (SSAT). Increased SSAT activity is accompanied by depletion of spermidine and spermine, and accumulation of putrescine and N1-acetylspermidine. Immunoblotting with a specific polyclonal antiserum confirms the induction. At the same time S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity is significantly increased, while ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and the rate of spermidine uptake are reduced. This is not due to an effect on ODC antizyme, which is not significantly changed. All these modifications are observed in HTC cells also, where they are accompanied by a decrease in proliferation rate. SSAT is also induced by low oxygen tension which mimics perivenous conditions. The effect is synergic with that promoted by agmatine.  (+info)

Transgenic mice with activated polyamine catabolism due to overexpression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase show enhanced sensitivity to the polyamine analog, N1, N11-diethylnorspermine. (3/1225)

We have recently generated transgenic mice in which polyamine catabolism has been activated by overexpressing the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine catabolism, spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT). These animals have now been tested for their sensitivity to the polyamine analog N1,N11-diethylnorspermine (DENSPM), which is currently undergoing Phase I clinical trial. The analog is known for its ability to potently induce SSAT. Treatment for 4 days with a daily dose (125 mg/kg) of analog caused profound changes in polyamine metabolism in the transgenic animals. Liver SSAT activity was increased by approximately 800-fold while hepatic mRNA increased only 4-fold. Putrescine pools increased while spermidine and spermine pools nearly disappeared, resulting in a compensatory increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity. Similar but less profound changes were also seen in other tissues (spleen, intestine, and skin). This treatment also resulted in a 50% mortality in the transgenic animals, with no apparent histopathological changes in major organs. Nontransgenic animals exhibited no toxicity, and tissue SSAT activity was unchanged or only moderately increased. Polyamine pools were only slightly altered. Greater analog toxicity in transgenic animals may be attributable to higher tissue levels of DENSPM facilitated by SSAT-mediated decreases in spermidine and spermine. To further confirm the enhanced sensitivity of the transgenic animals to the analog, groups of nontransgenic and transgenic animals were subjected to daily injections with DENSPM. On average, transgenic mice died approximately 3 days earlier than their nontransgenic litter-mates. The findings indicate a contributing role for SSAT in whole animal toxicity by SSAT-inducing polyamine analogs.  (+info)

Polyamine-dependent deoxyribonuclease activity from rat-liver nuclei. (4/1225)

When nuclei isolated from rat liver in a low salt buffer were washed with 0.1 M NaCl solution, the supernatant showed a deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity. The activity required Mg2+ and in addition spermine or spermidine, and its optimal pH was 7.2-7.4. The activity was higher on denatured (single stranded) DNA than on double-helical DNA. With both substrates the activity was highest at a polyamine concentration at which the DNA-polyamine complex began to precipitate. No Mg2++Ca2+ dependent DNase activity was detected in the preparation.  (+info)

Polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors alter protein-protein interactions involving estrogen receptor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. (5/1225)

We investigated the effects of polyamine biosynthesis inhibition on the estrogenic signaling pathway of MCF-7 breast cancer cells using a protein-protein interaction system. Estrogen receptor (ER) linked to glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was used to examine the effects of two polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and CGP 48664. ER was specifically associated with a 45 kDa protein in control cells. In cells treated with estradiol, nine proteins were associated with ER. Cells treated with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors in the absence of estradiol retained the binding of their ER with a 45 kDa protein and the ER also showed low-affinity interactions with a number of cellular proteins; however, these associations were decreased by the presence of estradiol and the inhibitors. When samples from the estradiol+DFMO treatment group were incubated with spermidine prior to GST-ER pull down assay, an increased association of several proteins with ER was detected. The intensity of the ER-associated 45 kDa protein increased by 10-fold in the presence of 1000 microM spermidine. These results indicate a specific role for spermidine in ER association of proteins. Western blot analysis of samples eluted from GST-ER showed the presence of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor, an orphan nuclear receptor, and the endogenous full-length ER. These results show that multiple proteins associate with ER and that the binding of some of these proteins is highly sensitive to intracellular polyamine concentrations. Overall, our results indicate the importance of the polyamine pathway in the gene regulatory function of estradiol in breast cancer cells.  (+info)

Inhibition of polyamine synthesis induces p53 gene expression but not apoptosis. (6/1225)

The nuclear phosphoprotein p53 acts as a transcription factor and is involved in growth inhibition and apoptosis. The present study was designed to examine the effect of decreasing cellular polyamines on p53 gene expression and apoptosis in small intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells. Cells were grown in DMEM containing 5% dialyzed fetal bovine serum in the presence or absence of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, for 4, 6, and 12 days. The cellular polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in DFMO-treated cells decreased dramatically at 4 days and remained depleted thereafter. Polyamine depletion by DFMO was accompanied by a significant increase in expression of the p53 gene. The p53 mRNA levels increased 4 days after exposure to DFMO, and the maximum increases occurred at 6 and 12 days after exposure. Increased levels of p53 mRNA in DFMO-treated cells were paralleled by increases in p53 protein. Polyamines given together with DFMO completely prevented increased expression of the p53 gene. Increased expression of the p53 gene in DFMO-treated cells was associated with a significant increase in G1 phase growth arrest. In contrast, no features of programmmed cell death were identified after polyamine depletion: no internucleosomal DNA fragmentation was observed, and no morphological features of apoptosis were evident in cells exposed to DFMO for 4, 6, and 12 days. These results indicate that 1) decreasing cellular polyamines increases expression of the p53 gene and 2) activation of p53 gene expression after polyamine depletion does not induce apoptosis in intestinal crypt cells. These findings suggest that increased expression of the p53 gene may play an important role in growth inhibition caused by polyamine depletion.  (+info)

Characterization of the effects of polyamines on [125I]MK-801 binding to recombinant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. (7/1225)

The assembly of heterogeneous populations of native N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors results in receptors with multiple pharmacological properties dependent on subunit combinations. Using stably transfected ML(tk-) mouse fibroblasts expressing N-methyl-D-aspartate R1a and either R2A or R2B, we evaluated polyamine effects on [125I]dizocilpine (MK-801) binding to determine subunit-specific pharmacological characteristics. The polyamine agonists spermine and spermidine produced biphasic concentration response curves in rat brain membrane: low concentrations (<100 microM) enhanced [125I]MK-801 binding and higher concentrations (>100 microM) inhibited binding. Polyamine agonists did not affect [125I]MK-801 binding in NR1a/NR2A, whereas spermine and spermidine did produce enhancement, and, at higher concentrations, inhibition of binding in NR1a/NR2B. The polyamine 1,5-(diethylamino)piperidine is thought to be selective for the agonist polyamine site and only enhanced [125I]MK-801 binding in brain membranes (EC50 = 9.6 microM). However, 1,5-(diethylamino)piperidine inhibited [125I]MK-801 binding (IC50 = 8.0 microM) in NR1:NR2A receptors and produced a small increase followed by a modest decrease in binding to NR1a/NR2B receptors. In brain membranes, the polyamine antagonist arcaine inhibited [125I]MK-801 binding (IC50 = 4.6 microM). Similar effects were demonstrated in both NR1:NR2A and NR1:NR2B receptors (IC50 = 8. 4 and 14.1 microM, respectively) and agonists decreased the affinity of arcaine in both receptor preparations. These results suggest that the stimulatory effects of polyamines on recombinant receptors are influenced by the NR2 subunit, and that NR1:NR2A does not contain a positive modulatory site. However, the inhibitory effects of polyamine antagonists are similar in both subunit combinations. Furthermore, native NMDA receptors pharmacology cannot be modeled by simple NR1:NR2A or NR1:NR2B combinations.  (+info)

Sensitivity of spermidine-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae to paromomycin. (8/1225)

Spermidine-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are much more sensitive to paromomycin than nondeficient cells, resulting in cessation of growth and cell death.  (+info)

Spermidine is a polycationic polyamine that is found in various tissues and fluids, including semen, from which it derives its name. It is synthesized in the body from putrescine, another polyamine, through the action of the enzyme spermidine synthase.

In addition to its role as a metabolic intermediate, spermidine has been shown to have various cellular functions, including regulation of gene expression, DNA packaging and protection, and modulation of enzymatic activities. It also plays a role in the process of cell division and differentiation.

Spermidine has been studied for its potential anti-aging effects, as it has been shown to extend the lifespan of various organisms, including yeast, flies, and worms, by activating autophagy, a process by which cells break down and recycle their own damaged or unnecessary components. However, more research is needed to determine whether spermidine has similar effects in humans.

Spermidine synthase is an enzyme (EC 2.5.1.16) that catalyzes the synthesis of spermidine from putrescine and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM). This reaction is a part of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway, which plays a crucial role in cell growth and differentiation.

The reaction catalyzed by spermidine synthase can be represented as follows:
putrescine + dcSAM → spermidine + S-adenosylhomocysteine

In humans, there are two isoforms of spermidine synthase, namely, SRM and SMS. These isoforms share a common catalytic mechanism but differ in their subcellular localization and regulation. Mutations in the genes encoding spermidine synthase have been associated with certain diseases, such as cancer and neurological disorders.

Putrescine is an organic compound with the chemical formula NH2(CH2)4NH2. It is a colorless, viscous liquid that is produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living organisms and is often associated with putrefaction, hence its name. Putrescine is a type of polyamine, which is a class of organic compounds that contain multiple amino groups.

Putrescine is produced in the body through the decarboxylation of the amino acid ornithine by the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase. It is involved in various cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression and cell growth. However, at high concentrations, putrescine can be toxic to cells and has been implicated in the development of certain diseases, such as cancer.

Putrescine is also found in various foods, including meats, fish, and some fruits and vegetables. It contributes to the unpleasant odor that develops during spoilage, which is why putrescine is often used as an indicator of food quality and safety.

Polyamines are organic compounds with more than one amino group (-NH2) and at least one carbon atom bonded to two or more amino groups. They are found in various tissues and fluids of living organisms and play important roles in many biological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Polyamines are also involved in the regulation of ion channels and transporters, DNA replication and gene expression. The most common polyamines found in mammalian cells are putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. They are derived from the decarboxylation of amino acids such as ornithine and methionine. Abnormal levels of polyamines have been associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

Spermine is a polyamine compound that is involved in various biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, DNA packaging, and gene expression. It is synthesized from the amino acid ornithine through a series of enzymatic reactions and is found in high concentrations in tissues such as the prostate gland, liver, and brain. Spermine has been shown to have antioxidant properties and may play a role in protecting cells against oxidative stress. In addition, spermine has been implicated in the regulation of ion channels and receptors, and may be involved in the modulation of neuronal excitability.

Eflornithine is a antiprotozoal medication, which is used to treat sleeping sickness (human African trypanosomiasis) caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in adults and children. It works by inhibiting the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase, which is needed for the growth of the parasite. By doing so, it helps to control the infection and prevent further complications.

Eflornithine is also used as a topical cream to slow down excessive hair growth in women due to a condition called hirsutism. It works by interfering with the growth of hair follicles.

It's important to note that Eflornithine should be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional, and it may have side effects or interactions with other medications.

Biogenic polyamines are organic compounds that contain multiple amino groups and are produced by living organisms. The most common biogenic polyamines found in mammalian cells include putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. These molecules play important roles in various cellular processes such as gene expression, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). They are derived from the decarboxylation of amino acids, particularly ornithine and arginine, through enzymatic reactions involving polyamine biosynthetic pathways. Abnormal levels of biogenic polyamines have been associated with several diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a medical/biochemical term that refers to an enzyme (EC 4.1.1.17) involved in the metabolism of amino acids, particularly ornithine. This enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of ornithine to form putrescine, which is a precursor for the synthesis of polyamines, such as spermidine and spermine. Polyamines play crucial roles in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and gene expression.

Ornithine decarboxylase is a rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, meaning that its activity regulates the overall production of these molecules. The regulation of ODC activity is tightly controlled at multiple levels, including transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications. Dysregulation of ODC activity has been implicated in several pathological conditions, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory diseases.

Inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase have been explored as potential therapeutic agents for various diseases, including cancer, due to their ability to suppress polyamine synthesis and cell proliferation. However, the use of ODC inhibitors in clinical settings has faced challenges related to toxicity and limited efficacy.

Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of polyamines, which are essential molecules for cell growth and differentiation. The enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to produce decarboxylated SAM, also known as deoxyadenosylcobalamin or coenzyme M.

Decarboxylated SAM serves as an aminopropyl group donor in the biosynthesis of polyamines such as spermidine and spermine. These polyamines are involved in various cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, translation, protein synthesis, and cell signaling.

AdoMetDC is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that requires the cofactor vitamin B12 for its activity. It is found in various organisms, including bacteria, yeast, plants, and animals. In humans, AdoMetDC is encoded by the AMD1 gene and is localized mainly in the cytosol of cells.

Dysregulation of AdoMetDC activity has been implicated in several diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, targeting AdoMetDC with inhibitors or activators has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating these conditions.

Cyclohexylamines are a class of organic compounds that consist of a cyclohexane ring (a six-carbon saturated ring) with an amine group (-NH2, -NHR, or -NR2) attached to it. The amine group can be primary (one alkyl group attached to the nitrogen atom), secondary (two alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom), or tertiary (three alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom).

Cyclohexylamines have a wide range of applications in the chemical industry, including as intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes. Some cyclohexylamines are also used as solvents or extractants. However, some cyclohexylamines can be toxic or have harmful effects on human health, so they must be handled with care.

Spermine Synthase is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines. Polyamines are organic compounds with more than one amino group, and they play important roles in various cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Spermine Synthase specifically catalyzes the conversion of spermidine to spermine by adding an additional aminobutyl group to spermidine. This enzyme is widely distributed in various tissues and organisms, including humans, and its activity is tightly regulated in response to changes in cellular demands for polyamines.

Acetyltransferases are a type of enzyme that facilitates the transfer of an acetyl group (a chemical group consisting of an acetyl molecule, which is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms) from a donor molecule to a recipient molecule. This transfer of an acetyl group can modify the function or activity of the recipient molecule.

In the context of biology and medicine, acetyltransferases are important for various cellular processes, including gene expression, DNA replication, and protein function. For example, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are a type of acetyltransferase that add an acetyl group to the histone proteins around which DNA is wound. This modification can alter the structure of the chromatin, making certain genes more or less accessible for transcription, and thereby influencing gene expression.

Abnormal regulation of acetyltransferases has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious diseases. Therefore, understanding the function and regulation of these enzymes is an important area of research in biomedicine.

Mitoguazone is not typically referred to as a medical "definition" but rather it is a chemical compound that has been investigated for its potential therapeutic benefits. It's also known as NSC 3852 and is an antineoplastic agent, which means it is used to treat cancer.

Mitoguazone works by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins in cancer cells, which can ultimately lead to cell death. It has been studied in clinical trials for the treatment of various types of cancer, including brain tumors and leukemia. However, its development as a therapeutic agent was discontinued due to its toxicity and lack of efficacy in later-stage clinical trials.

Therefore, while mitoguazone is not a medical definition per se, it is a chemical compound with known pharmacological properties and a history of investigation for cancer therapy.

Ornithine is not a medical condition but a naturally occurring alpha-amino acid, which is involved in the urea cycle, a process that eliminates ammonia from the body. Here's a brief medical/biochemical definition of Ornithine:

Ornithine (NH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH(NH₃)-COOH) is an α-amino acid without a carbon atom attached to the amino group, classified as a non-proteinogenic amino acid because it is not encoded by the standard genetic code and not commonly found in proteins. It plays a crucial role in the urea cycle, where it helps convert harmful ammonia into urea, which can then be excreted by the body through urine. Ornithine is produced from the breakdown of arginine, another amino acid, via the enzyme arginase. In some medical and nutritional contexts, ornithine supplementation may be recommended to support liver function, wound healing, or muscle growth, but its effectiveness for these uses remains a subject of ongoing research and debate.

'Diamines' are organic compounds containing two amino groups (-NH2) in their molecular structure. The term 'diamine' itself does not have a specific medical definition, but it is used in the context of chemistry and biochemistry.

Diamines can be classified based on the number of carbon atoms between the two amino groups. For example, ethylenediamine and propylenediamine are diamines with one and two methylene (-CH2-) groups, respectively.

In medicine, certain diamines may have biological significance. For instance, putrescine and cadaverine are polyamines that are produced during the decomposition of animal tissues and can be found in necrotic or infected tissues. These compounds have been implicated in various pathological processes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer progression.

It is important to note that while some diamines may have medical relevance, the term 'diamines' itself does not have a specific medical definition.

Oxidoreductases acting on CH-NH group donors are a class of enzymes within the larger group of oxidoreductases, which are responsible for catalyzing oxidation-reduction reactions. Specifically, this subclass of enzymes acts on CH-NH group donors, where the CH-NH group is a chemical functional group consisting of a carbon atom (C) bonded to a nitrogen atom (N) via a single covalent bond.

These enzymes play a crucial role in various biological processes by transferring electrons from the CH-NH group donor to an acceptor molecule, which results in the oxidation of the donor and reduction of the acceptor. This process can lead to the formation or breakdown of chemical bonds, and plays a key role in metabolic pathways such as amino acid degradation and nitrogen fixation.

Examples of enzymes that fall within this class include:

* Amino oxidases, which catalyze the oxidative deamination of amino acids to produce alpha-keto acids, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide.
* Transaminases, which transfer an amino group from one molecule to another, often in the process of amino acid biosynthesis or degradation.
* Amine oxidoreductases, which catalyze the oxidation of primary amines to aldehydes and secondary amines to ketones, with the concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide.

Cadaverine is a foul-smelling organic compound that is produced by the breakdown of certain amino acids in dead bodies. It is formed through the decarboxylation of lysine, an essential amino acid, and is characterized by its strong, unpleasant odor. Cadaverine is often used as a forensic indicator of decomposition and is also being studied for its potential role in various physiological processes, such as inflammation and cancer.

Carboxy-lyases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the removal of a carboxyl group from a substrate, often releasing carbon dioxide in the process. These enzymes play important roles in various metabolic pathways, such as the biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids, sugars, and other organic compounds.

Carboxy-lyases are classified under EC number 4.2 in the Enzyme Commission (EC) system. They can be further divided into several subclasses based on their specific mechanisms and substrates. For example, some carboxy-lyases require a cofactor such as biotin or thiamine pyrophosphate to facilitate the decarboxylation reaction, while others do not.

Examples of carboxy-lyases include:

1. Pyruvate decarboxylase: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during fermentation in yeast and other organisms.
2. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO): This enzyme is essential for photosynthesis in plants and some bacteria, as it catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide into an organic molecule during the Calvin cycle.
3. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: Found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, this enzyme plays a role in anaplerotic reactions that replenish intermediates in the citric acid cycle. It catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate and inorganic phosphate.
4. Aspartate transcarbamylase: This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines, a class of nucleotides. It catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyl group from carbamoyl aspartate to carbamoyl phosphate, forming cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and fumarate.
5. Urocanase: Found in animals, this enzyme is involved in histidine catabolism. It catalyzes the conversion of urocanate to formiminoglutamate and ammonia.

Thionucleosides are a type of modified nucleoside where the oxygen atom in the sugar component (ribose or deoxyribose) is replaced by a sulfur atom. This modification can occur naturally or be introduced synthetically. The resulting compounds have been studied for their potential biological activity, including antiviral and anticancer properties. However, they are not typically used as a standard medical treatment at this time.

Amide synthases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of amide bonds between two molecules. Specifically, they facilitate the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine to produce an amide. This process is also known as amide bond formation or amide synthesis.

In the context of medical research and therapeutic development, amide synthases are important for understanding the biosynthesis of various endogenous compounds, such as peptides and proteins, as well as for developing methods to synthesize novel drugs and pharmaceutical agents.

There are several types of amide synthases, including:

1. Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS): These enzymes catalyze the formation of complex peptides without the involvement of ribosomes. They typically consist of multiple modules, each of which is responsible for adding a single amino acid to the growing peptide chain.
2. Amidotransferases: These enzymes transfer an amino group from a donor molecule (usually glutamine) to a carboxylic acid, resulting in the formation of an amide bond. They are involved in various metabolic pathways, including the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and other biomolecules.
3. Amide synthetases involved in lipid metabolism: These enzymes catalyze the formation of amide bonds between fatty acids and various amine-containing molecules, such as sphingosine or serine, during the biosynthesis of complex lipids like sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids.

Understanding the function and regulation of amide synthases is crucial for developing strategies to modulate their activity in various disease contexts, including infectious diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Leukemia L1210 is not a medical definition itself, but it refers to a specific mouse leukemia cell line that was established in 1948. These cells are a type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and have been widely used in cancer research as a model for studying the disease, testing new therapies, and understanding the biology of leukemia. The L1210 cell line has contributed significantly to the development of various chemotherapeutic agents and treatment strategies for leukemia and other cancers.

In the context of medicine and pharmacology, "kinetics" refers to the study of how a drug moves throughout the body, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (often abbreviated as ADME). This field is called "pharmacokinetics."

1. Absorption: This is the process of a drug moving from its site of administration into the bloodstream. Factors such as the route of administration (e.g., oral, intravenous, etc.), formulation, and individual physiological differences can affect absorption.

2. Distribution: Once a drug is in the bloodstream, it gets distributed throughout the body to various tissues and organs. This process is influenced by factors like blood flow, protein binding, and lipid solubility of the drug.

3. Metabolism: Drugs are often chemically modified in the body, typically in the liver, through processes known as metabolism. These changes can lead to the formation of active or inactive metabolites, which may then be further distributed, excreted, or undergo additional metabolic transformations.

4. Excretion: This is the process by which drugs and their metabolites are eliminated from the body, primarily through the kidneys (urine) and the liver (bile).

Understanding the kinetics of a drug is crucial for determining its optimal dosing regimen, potential interactions with other medications or foods, and any necessary adjustments for special populations like pediatric or geriatric patients, or those with impaired renal or hepatic function.

Deoxyadenosine is a chemical compound that is a component of DNA, one of the nucleic acids that make up the genetic material of living organisms. Specifically, deoxyadenosine is a nucleoside, which is a molecule consisting of a sugar (in this case, deoxyribose) bonded to a nitrogenous base (in this case, adenine).

Deoxyribonucleosides like deoxyadenosine are the building blocks of DNA, along with phosphate groups. In DNA, deoxyadenosine pairs with thymidine via hydrogen bonds to form one of the four rungs in the twisted ladder structure of the double helix.

It is important to note that there is a similar compound called adenosine, which contains an extra oxygen atom on the sugar molecule (making it a ribonucleoside) and is a component of RNA, another nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes.

Butylamines are a class of organic compounds that contain a butyl group (a chain of four carbon atoms) attached to an amine functional group, which consists of nitrogen atom bonded to one or more hydrogen atoms. The general structure of a primary butylamine is R-NH2, where R represents the butyl group.

Butylamines can be found in various natural and synthetic substances. Some of them have important uses in industry as solvents, intermediates in chemical synthesis, or building blocks for pharmaceuticals. However, some butylamines are also known to have psychoactive effects and may be used as recreational drugs or abused.

It is worth noting that the term "butylamine" can refer to any of several specific compounds, depending on the context. For example, n-butylamine (also called butan-1-amine) has the formula CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2, while tert-butylamine (also called 2-methylpropan-2-amine) has the formula (CH3)3CNH2. These two compounds have different physical and chemical properties due to their structural differences.

In a medical context, butylamines may be encountered as drugs of abuse or as components of pharmaceuticals. Some examples of butylamine-derived drugs include certain antidepressants, anesthetics, and muscle relaxants. However, it is important to note that these compounds are often highly modified from their parent butylamine structure, and may not resemble them closely in terms of their pharmacological properties or toxicity profiles.

S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is a physiological compound involved in methylation reactions, transulfuration pathways, and aminopropylation processes in the body. It is formed from the coupling of methionine, an essential sulfur-containing amino acid, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the action of methionine adenosyltransferase enzymes.

SAMe serves as a major methyl donor in various biochemical reactions, contributing to the synthesis of numerous compounds such as neurotransmitters, proteins, phospholipids, nucleic acids, and other methylated metabolites. Additionally, SAMe plays a crucial role in the detoxification process within the liver by participating in glutathione production, which is an important antioxidant and detoxifying agent.

In clinical settings, SAMe supplementation has been explored as a potential therapeutic intervention for various conditions, including depression, osteoarthritis, liver diseases, and fibromyalgia, among others. However, its efficacy remains a subject of ongoing research and debate within the medical community.

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various biological processes in the human body. It is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions, including protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation. Magnesium also contributes to the structural development of bones and teeth.

In medical terms, magnesium deficiency can lead to several health issues, such as muscle cramps, weakness, heart arrhythmias, and seizures. On the other hand, excessive magnesium levels can cause symptoms like diarrhea, nausea, and muscle weakness. Magnesium supplements or magnesium-rich foods are often recommended to maintain optimal magnesium levels in the body.

Some common dietary sources of magnesium include leafy green vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, whole grains, and dairy products. Magnesium is also available in various forms as a dietary supplement, including magnesium oxide, magnesium citrate, magnesium chloride, and magnesium glycinate.

Guanidines are organic compounds that contain a guanidino group, which is a functional group with the formula -NH-C(=NH)-NH2. Guanidines can be found in various natural sources, including some animals, plants, and microorganisms. They also occur as byproducts of certain metabolic processes in the body.

In a medical context, guanidines are most commonly associated with the treatment of muscle weakness and neuromuscular disorders. The most well-known guanidine compound is probably guanidine hydrochloride, which has been used as a medication to treat conditions such as myasthenia gravis and Eaton-Lambert syndrome.

However, the use of guanidines as medications has declined in recent years due to their potential for toxicity and the development of safer and more effective treatments. Today, guanidines are mainly used in research settings to study various biological processes, including protein folding and aggregation, enzyme inhibition, and cell signaling.

Propylamines are a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a propylamine group, which is a functional group consisting of a propyl chain (-C3H7) attached to an amino group (-NH2). Propylamines can be primary, secondary, or tertiary, depending on the number of organic substituents attached to the nitrogen atom.

In a medical context, propylamines may refer to certain drugs that contain this functional group and have pharmacological activity. For example, some local anesthetics, such as procaine (Novocain), are derivatives of propylamine. Procaine is a ester of p-aminobenzoic acid and diethylaminoethanol, where the amino group is part of a propylamine chain.

It's important to note that not all compounds containing propylamines have medical applications or uses, as this functional group can also be found in various chemicals with different properties and applications.

Amines are organic compounds that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons. They are derived from ammonia (NH3) by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl groups. The nomenclature of amines follows the substitutive type, where the parent compound is named as an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, and the functional group "amine" is designated as a suffix or prefix.

Amines are classified into three types based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom:

1. Primary (1°) amines: One alkyl or aryl group is attached to the nitrogen atom.
2. Secondary (2°) amines: Two alkyl or aryl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom.
3. Tertiary (3°) amines: Three alkyl or aryl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom.

Quaternary ammonium salts have four organic groups attached to the nitrogen atom and a positive charge, with anions balancing the charge.

Amines have a wide range of applications in the chemical industry, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, polymers, and solvents. They also play a significant role in biological systems as neurotransmitters, hormones, and cell membrane components.

'Escherichia coli' (E. coli) is a type of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that commonly inhabits the intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals. It is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae and one of the most well-studied prokaryotic model organisms in molecular biology.

While most E. coli strains are harmless and even beneficial to their hosts, some serotypes can cause various forms of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal illnesses in humans and animals. These pathogenic strains possess virulence factors that enable them to colonize and damage host tissues, leading to diseases such as diarrhea, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and sepsis.

E. coli is a versatile organism with remarkable genetic diversity, which allows it to adapt to various environmental niches. It can be found in water, soil, food, and various man-made environments, making it an essential indicator of fecal contamination and a common cause of foodborne illnesses. The study of E. coli has contributed significantly to our understanding of fundamental biological processes, including DNA replication, gene regulation, and protein synthesis.

Transferases are a class of enzymes that facilitate the transfer of specific functional groups (like methyl, acetyl, or phosphate groups) from one molecule (the donor) to another (the acceptor). This transfer of a chemical group can alter the physical or chemical properties of the acceptor molecule and is a crucial process in various metabolic pathways. Transferases play essential roles in numerous biological processes, such as biosynthesis, detoxification, and catabolism.

The classification of transferases is based on the type of functional group they transfer:

1. Methyltransferases - transfer a methyl group (-CH3)
2. Acetyltransferases - transfer an acetyl group (-COCH3)
3. Aminotransferases or Transaminases - transfer an amino group (-NH2 or -NHR, where R is a hydrogen atom or a carbon-containing group)
4. Glycosyltransferases - transfer a sugar moiety (a glycosyl group)
5. Phosphotransferases - transfer a phosphate group (-PO3H2)
6. Sulfotransferases - transfer a sulfo group (-SO3H)
7. Acyltransferases - transfer an acyl group (a fatty acid or similar molecule)

These enzymes are identified and named according to the systematic nomenclature of enzymes developed by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB). The naming convention includes the class of enzyme, the specific group being transferred, and the molecules involved in the transfer reaction. For example, the enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from ATP to glucose is named "glucokinase."

Lysine is an essential amino acid, which means that it cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through the diet. Its chemical formula is (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. Lysine is necessary for the growth and maintenance of tissues in the body, and it plays a crucial role in the production of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies. It is also essential for the absorption of calcium and the formation of collagen, which is an important component of bones and connective tissue. Foods that are good sources of lysine include meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Marsileaceae" is not a medical term. It is a botanical term that refers to a family of ferns known as the Marsilea family. This family includes several genera of aquatic and terrestrial ferns, characterized by their unique reproductive structures.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health sciences, I would be happy to help. Just provide me with the specific term or concept you'd like to know more about.

... may play a role in male and female fertility. Fertile men have higher spermidine levels than men who are infertile, ... Spermidine has been tested and discovered to encourage hair shaft elongation and lengthen hair growth. Spermidine has also been ... Spermidine is an aliphatic polyamine. Spermidine synthase (SPDS) catalyzes its formation from putrescine. It is a precursor to ... Spermidine is plentiful in a Mediterranean diet. For comparison: The spermidine content in human seminal plasma varies between ...
In enzymology, a spermidine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction spermidine + acceptor ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is spermidine:acceptor oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called spermidine:(acceptor ... Tabor CW, Kellogg PD (1970). "Identification of flavin adenine dinucleotide and heme in a homogeneous spermidine dehydrogenase ... Tabor H; Tabor CW (1972). "Biosynthesis and metabolism of 1,4-diaminobutane, spermidine, spermine, and related amines. IIE2a ...
... at BRENDA Spermidine synthase at ExPASy Spermidine+synthase at the U.S. National Library of Medicine ... Most spermidine synthases exist in solution as dimers. With exception of the spermidine synthases from Thermotoga maritimum and ... Golding B, Nassereddin lK, Billington D. "The Biosynthesis of Spermidine. Part I : Biosynthesis of Spermidine from L-[3,4-13C2 ... No known spermidine synthase can use S-adenosyl methionine. This is prevented by a conserved aspartatyl residue in the active ...
In enzymology, a homospermidine synthase (spermidine-specific) (EC 2.5.1.45) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is spermidine:putrescine 4-aminobutyltransferase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming). ... the two substrates of this enzyme are spermidine and putrescine, whereas its two products are sym-homospermidine and propane-1, ... spermidine + putrescine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } sym-homospermidine + propane-1,3-diamine Thus, ...
The intermediate is spermidine. Plants employ additional routes to spermine. In one pathway L-glutamine is the precursor to L- ... Thereafter the enzyme spermidine synthase effects two N-alkylation by decarboxy-S-Adenosyl methionine. ... Spermidine, and Spermine to Regulate Polyamine Biosynthesis and Inhibit L1210 Leukemia Cell Growth" (PDF). Cancer Research. 47 ...
... increasing the intake of high-spermidine foods - studies suggest spermidine could extend lifespan, with high amounts that are ... Whole-grain are a significant source of spermidine and are associated with longevity. They are a main characteristic pillar of ... Madeo F, Eisenberg T, Büttner S, Ruckenstuhl C, Kroemer G (January 2010). "Spermidine: a novel autophagy inducer and longevity ... Fan J, Feng Z, Chen N (September 2020). "Spermidine as a target for cancer therapy". Pharmacological Research. 159: 104943. doi ...
... increasing the intake of high-spermidine foods - studies suggest spermidine could extend lifespan, with high amounts that are ... Whole-grain are a significant source of spermidine and are associated with longevity. They are a main characteristic pillar of ... Madeo F, Eisenberg T, Büttner S, Ruckenstuhl C, Kroemer G (January 2010). "Spermidine: a novel autophagy inducer and longevity ... Fan J, Feng Z, Chen N (September 2020). "Spermidine as a target for cancer therapy". Pharmacological Research. 159: 104943. doi ...
It evolved from spermidine synthase. Biastoff S, Brandt W, Dräger B (2009-10-01). "Putrescine N-methyltransferase--the start ... "Evolution of the key alkaloid enzyme putrescine N-methyltransferase from spermidine synthase". Frontiers in Plant Science. 4: ...
Madeo, Frank; Eisenberg, Tobias; Pietrocola, Federico; Kroemer, Guido (26 January 2018). "Spermidine in health and disease". ... including some present in foods like spermidine, are also investigated for these or similar reasons. Such and similar dietary ...
Tabor, H.; Rosenthal, S.M.; Tabor, C.W. (1958). "The biosynthesis of spermidine and spermine from putrescine and methionine". ... Rosenthal, S.M.; Tabor, H. (1956). "The pharmacology of spermine and spermidine. Distribution and excretion". Journal of ... and determined the biosynthetic pathway for spermidine. Rosenthal also collaborated in research on the role of polyamines in ...
Gosule, Leonard C.; Schellman, John A. (January 1976). "Compact form of DNA induced by spermidine". Nature. 259 (5541): 333-335 ...
Limited upregulation of spermine/spermidine N-acetyltransferase. Still object of investigation, methoctramine has not been ...
The reaction is catalyzed by spermidine synthase. Spermine is synthesized from the reaction of spermidine with SAM in the ... Spermidine is synthesized from putrescine, using an aminopropyl group from decarboxylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). ... It is produced from spermidine by the action of thermospermine synthase, which is encoded by a gene named ACAULIS5 (ACL5). The ... Natural polyamines spermidine spermine Ethyleneamines are a commercially-important class of synthetic polyamines with ethylene ...
November 2009). "Induction of autophagy by spermidine promotes longevity". Nature Cell Biology. 11 (11): 1305-1314. doi:10.1038 ...
Polyamine alkaloids - derivatives of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. Peptide and cyclopeptide alkaloids. Pseudoalkaloids ...
"Entrez Gene: SAT2 spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 2". Jenstad M, Quazi AZ, Zilberter M, Haglerød C, Berghuis P, ... 2008). "Spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase-1 binds to hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and RACK1 and ... Baek JH, Liu YV, McDonald KR, Wesley JB, Hubbi ME, Byun H, Semenza GL (Aug 2007). "Spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase 2 ... Coleman CS, Stanley BA, Jones AD, Pegg AE (Nov 2004). "Spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase-2 (SSAT2) acetylates thialysine ...
Three spermidine alkaloids are known to be present in Androya decaryi. They are (-)-(2S)-2-phenyl-1,5,9-triazacyclotridecan-4- ... April 2013). "Macrocyclic spermidine alkaloids from Androya decaryi L. Perrier". Molecules. 18 (4): 3962-71. doi:10.3390/ ...
The systematic name of this enzyme class is gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine:spermidine amidase. This enzyme is also called ... spermidine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are glutathionylspermidine and H2O, whereas its two products are glutathione ... and spermidine. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds ... glutathionylspermidine amidohydrolase (spermidine-forming). This enzyme participates in glutathione metabolism. As of late 2007 ...
Spermidine Nikolai, Sibylle; Pallauf, Kathrin; Huebbe, Patricia; Rimbach, Gerald (22 September 2015). "Energy restriction and ... "Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine". Nature Medicine. 22 (12): 1428-1438. doi:10.1038/ ...
Production of spermidine that stabilizes DNA, RNA and ribosomes. Presence of a DNA reverse DNA gyrase that produces positive ...
... spermidine ligase (ADP-forming) [spermidine is numbered so that atom N-1 is in the amino group of the aminopropyl part of the ... spermidine, and ATP, whereas its 3 products are glutathionylspermidine, ADP, and phosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family ... spermidine + ATP ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate The 3 substrates of this enzyme ... molecule]. This enzyme is also called glutathione:spermidine ligase (ADP-forming). This enzyme participates in glutathione ...
"Parkinson's disease-associated human P5B-ATPase ATP13A2 increases spermidine uptake". The Biochemical Journal. 450 (1): 47-53. ...
... (EC 2.5.1.22, spermidine aminopropyltransferase, spermine synthetase) is an enzyme that converts spermidine ... Hibasami H, Borchardt RT, Chen SY, Coward JK, Pegg AE (May 1980). "Studies of inhibition of rat spermidine synthase and ... Imamura T, Fujita K, Tasaki K, Higuchi A, Takahashi H (August 2015). "Characterization of spermidine synthase and spermine ... This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction S-adenosylmethioninamine + spermidine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons ...
Generation of spermidine or homospermidine from deoxyhypusine by deoxyhypusine synthase". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (35): 32683-91. ... deoxyhypusine synthase catalyzes the NAD-dependent transfer of the butylamine moiety of spermidine to the epsilon-amino group ...
Arginine can then be readily converted to putrescine and spermidine. Next, in an NAD+-dependent reaction catalyzed by ... homospermidine synthase (HSS), an aminopropyl group from putrescine is transferred to spermidine to form homospermidine, ...
... is a substrate that is required for the biosynthesis of polyamines including spermidine, spermine, and ... Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Spermidine synthase Spermine synthase Thermospermine synthase (ACAULIS5) Takahashi, Taku; ...
Long Linear polyamines (such as ones found in TK-BpsA made of up spermine and spermidine) help stabilize DNA. Denaturation ... There are a few active sites that include polyamine spermidine/spermine synthases, and loop-closures occur upon the binding of ... BpsA (N(4)-bis(aminopropyl)spermidine synthase) is a single-module non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) (also see non- ... In thermophiles, BpsA converts N4-aminopropylspermidine to N4-bis(aminopropyl)spermidine. In this pathway, ...
F. Böttcher, D. Ober, T. Hartmann: Biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids: Putrescine and spermidine are essential substrates ... G. Graser, T. Hartmann: Biosynthetic incorporation of the aminobutyl group of spermidine into pyrrolizidine alkaloids, in ... Biosynthetic incorporation of the aminobutyl group of spermidine into pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Evolution: the gene for ... Pyrrolizidine alkaloids Biosynthesis: importance of putrescine and spermidine as substrates of enzymatic homospermidine ...
... spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, spermidine N1-acetyltransferase, acetyl-coenzyme A-1,4-diaminobutane N- ... Ragione FD, Pegg AE (1982). "Purification and characterization of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase from rat liver". ... Other names in common use include spermidine acetyltransferase, putrescine acetyltransferase, putrescine (diamine)-acetylating ...
... is an unusual form of glutathione containing two molecules of glutathione joined by a spermidine (polyamine) ... spermidine cofactor for glutathione reductase in trypanosomatids". Science. 227 (4693): 1485-1487. Bibcode:1985Sci...227.1485F ...
Spermidine may play a role in male and female fertility. Fertile men have higher spermidine levels than men who are infertile, ... Spermidine has been tested and discovered to encourage hair shaft elongation and lengthen hair growth. Spermidine has also been ... Spermidine is an aliphatic polyamine. Spermidine synthase (SPDS) catalyzes its formation from putrescine. It is a precursor to ... Spermidine is plentiful in a Mediterranean diet. For comparison: The spermidine content in human seminal plasma varies between ...
Here to talk about the science of spermidine, the under-the-radar, cell-renewal polyamine, is Leslie Kenny. Founder of Oxford ... 37:22 - Spermidine, Autophagy, and Anti-Ageing Definition of autophagy Spermidine foods sources The power of sperm Semen ... 37:22 - Spermidine, Autophagy, and Anti-Ageing Definition of autophagy Spermidine foods sources The power of sperm Semen ... Spermidine: The Key to Longevity, Energy & Cognitive Power w/ Leslie Kenny #355 The Life Stylist * * Alternative Health ...
... non-motile Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibit a change in their gene expression program that includes the expression of spermidine ... Spermidine and norspermidine restore phagocytic uptake of a spermidine knock-out mutant.. Spermidine was externally added at ... Spermidine enhances phagocytic uptake.. (A) Spermidine was externally added at the indicated concentrations to the ΔfliC mutant ... Furthermore, FCS is not inducing spermidine production, as spermidine production in PA14 was shown to be induced also in FSC- ...
Oxford Healthspan Primeadine Spermidine Kiseki Box with 3-month supply of Primeadine Original Spermidine Powder ... which work together with spermidine as part of a virtuous recycling loop that enables the body to make more spermidine.. To ... Spermidine has been shown to support healthy aging and improve overall health and wellness. It is a naturally occurring ... Primeadine is both a source of supplemental spermidine, spermine and putrescine in the exact ratio found in nature, and a ...
Spermidine levels in food. The highest spermidine content was found in whole grain and wheat germs at a level of 243 mg/kg. ... Spermidine levels. In the case of bakery products (rolls A and B), the actual spermidine content was determined. Analysis of ... High spermidine levels are also found in mushrooms and chicken liver. Spermidine is also contained in fruits, such as mango, in ... Spermidine and its effects. Increased concentrations of spermidine can positively influence cardiovascular and tumor-related ...
Spermidine is a polyamine compound that is synthesized within the human body and also found readily in certain foods. It is a ... Is Spermidine Produced in Humans?. Spermidine is synthesized in humans naturally. The pathway of creation of spermidine is ... While spermidine is made in the body naturally, there are food sources that are shown to be high in polyamines and spermidine, ... What Exactly Does Spermidine Do?. Spermidine affects a variety of biological processes in the human body that result in the ...
Spermidine can help support healthy memory and cognitive function.• MANUFACTURED IN THE USA - Our Spermidine supplement is ... Spermidine supports healthy aging and longevity due to its role in the process of cell renewal.• SUPPORTS HEALTHY COGNITION- ... SUPPORTS HEALTHY COGNITION- Spermidine can help support healthy memory and cognitive function.. • MANUFACTURED IN THE USA - Our ... SUPPORTS HEALTHY AGING- Spermidine supports healthy aging and longevity due to its role in the process of cell renewal.. • ...
Spermidine inhibits NOS1 (nNOS). Spermidine binds and precipitates DNA and may be used for purification of DNA binding proteins ... Spermidine activates PNK (polynucleotide kinase T4). Spermidine binds to and activates NMDA and has been shown to potentiate ... Because spermidine is already present in daily human nutrition, clinical trials aiming at increasing the uptake of this ... Spermidine preserves mitochondrial function, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, and prevents stem cell senescence. ...
Spermidine is renowned for promoting autophagy and effectively controlling inflammation. Each bottle contains 60 vegan capsules ... partiQlar Pure Spermidine consists of 8 mg of spermidine per capsule, with no unnecessary fillers added. ... How is your Spermidine better? - partiQlar Pure Spermidine consists of 8 mg of spermidine per capsule, with no unnecessary ... partiQlar Pure Spermidine consists of 8 mg of spermidine per capsule, with no unnecessary fillers added. Spermidine is renowned ...
Discover the amazing benefits of spermidine. This natural compound supports healthy aging, brain function and heart health. ... Its called spermidine. ,insert husband joke here, "Heeeeey baby, no need to get a supplement, Ill give you all the spermidine ... What does spermidine do?. But, of course, we cant talk about spermidine without discussing the evidence that using it actually ... Benefits of spermidine. Now, lets chat about the benefits of spermidine because, girl, there are a lot! For starters, research ...
Home » Spermidine and Autophagy. What is spermidine?. Spermidine is an organic compound that belongs to the group of polyamines ... While spermidine naturally occurs in these foods, supplementing with spermidine could increase spermidine levels more ... All articlesSpermidine. Spermidine and Autophagy. adminFebruary 22, 2023 March 8th, 2023 ... Spermidine, an autophagy inducer, as a therapeutic strategy in neurological disorders. Spermidine is a polyamine compound found ...
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Spermidine ਕੱਚਾ ਮਾਲ ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਅਧਾਰ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਨਾਮ Spermidine CAS 124-20-9 ਸ਼ੁੱਧਤਾ 98% ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਨਾਮ Spermidine ਸਮਾਨਾਰਥੀ N1-(3- ...
... spermidine benefits, and how it helps to reverse your biological aging process. Read the blog on Decode Age now to know more. ... Spermidine is naturally found in many foods. Some of the foods that have high levels of spermidine are:. *Vegetables: "Eat your ... Since spermidine plays enhance autophagy, the plaque that is formed on the brain can be reduced and removed by spermidine. It ... Spermidine Benefits and How It Helps in Improving Longevity. Spermidine is gaining popularity and is becoming a must-have ...
This product contains Spermidine RX™, which is a proprietary dry wheat seed and wheat seed oil extract. After rese ... Our Active Proprietary Wheat Extract of our trademarked Spermidine RX™ is guaranteed to have Spermidine identified as (CAS 124- ... named Spermidine (With CAS 124-20-9) and Glucosamine the top Geroprotectors, with Spermidine having fewer side effects than ... This product contains Spermidine RX™, which is a proprietary dry wheat seed and wheat seed oil extract. ...
Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine that has gained considerable attention for its potential to promote longevity and ... Digestive Health and Spermidine: The Guts Best Friend. Spermidine, a natural compound found in various foods including wheat ... Revitalizing Your Cells: Spermidines Anti-aging Properties. Spermidine has gained significant attention in recent years due to ... Furthermore, spermidine has shown promise in enhancing memory and learning. Animal studies have demonstrated that spermidine ...
Liposomal Spermidine. Although a powerful compound, Spermidine is well known for having poor bioavailability. LIPO Spermidine ... What is Spermidine?. Spermidine is a naturally occurring molecule that is vital to cell function and survival. Its part of a ... Spermidine Induces Autophagy and Reduces Inflammation. Spermidines main mechanism of action is its ability to induce autophagy ... "Spermidine, a tiny molecule from wheat germ, protects the heart and extends the lifespan of mice, even when given mid-life. In ...
What is Spermidine? The supplement benefits are numerous, this polyamine is believed to promote fertility, longevity and health ... Spermidine also aids in coping with stress. Also, since spermidine decreases with age, taking spermidine supplements helps with ... How does spermidine function?. When it comes to spermidine function, it mimics the effects of calorie restriction on the body ... Benefits of spermidine. Spermidine supplement benefits are of a wide range, and they have several positive health effects due ...
Spermidine Trihydrochloride 98% is sold for laboratory research use only. Terms of sale apply. Not for human consumption, nor ... Spermidine Trihydrochloride, Spermidine hydrochloride, N1-(3-Aminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine trihydrochloride, N-(3-Aminopropyl ... SKU: ULN-53150 Categories: Nootropic Powder, Nootropics Tags: chloride, hydrochloride, nootropic, sper, sperm, spermidine, ... Spermidine Trihydrochloride 98% is sold for laboratory research use only. Terms of sale apply. Not for human consumption, nor ...
Spermidine Life ulta + is a dietary supplement that contains spermidine, a natural compound found in foods like wheat germ, ... Be the first to review "Spermidine Life Ultra+ 30 Packets" Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. Required ... Spermidine Life is the first dietary supplement containing lab-verified, quality controlled, non-gmo wheat germ extract as a ... Support your cells through autophagy by supplementing with clinically tested spermidine life. Adults take one sachet daily ...
Assay of spermidine and spermine synthases. / Wiest, L.; Pegg, A. E. In: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), Vol. 79 ... Wiest, L., & Pegg, A. E. (1998). Assay of spermidine and spermine synthases. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 79, ... Wiest, L. ; Pegg, A. E. / Assay of spermidine and spermine synthases. In: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 1998 ; ... Wiest, L & Pegg, AE 1998, Assay of spermidine and spermine synthases., Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), vol. 79 ...
Spermidine Is Natures Answer For Cellular Health. Learn More. ... spermidineLIFE® Extra+ is the next generation of the award- ... spermidineLIFE® Ultra+ is a dietary supplement, made from our CelVio® Complex with high spermidine content, for drinking with ... spermidineLIFE® Memory+ contains our proprietary CelVio® spermidine-rich wheat germ extract combined with brain active ... Our flagship supplement spermidineLIFE® is the first dietary supplement containing CelVio® spermidine-rich wheat germ extract. ...
Due to the purity of our ingredients, an application for purchasing of raw materials is required. We serve brand owners and factories ...
Natural wheatgerm extract with 3mg spermidine per capsule, obtained via a pure water-ethanol extraction with no further ... Spermidine. Spermidine is a natural substance that belongs to the class of biogenic polyamines and is found in all cells. ... Customize Wheatgerm Extract,br,3,span class=protect-case,mg,/span, Spermidine. Go back to product details. Weizenkeim-Extrakt ... Wheatgerm extract (1% spermidine). Capsule shells: Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose. Contains: 60 capsules. Note: Contains gluten ...
Natural spermidine enables you to restore the health of your cells and reverse the impacts of aging. Unlock the benefits for ... spermidine. For reference, the 0.1% synthetic spermidine listed above contains less than 1mg of pure spermidine. ... spermidine. For reference, the 0.1% synthetic spermidine listed above contains less than 1mg of pure spermidine. ... Synthetic spermidine supplements are typically added to wheat germ powder and only contain 0.1% spermidine content out of 800mg ...
Unlock the authenticity of marvelous and innovative spermidine powder with The UltraHealth Store to promote a holistic ... Why is Spermidine Important?. Spermidine foods infuse the living cells and tissues of your body for ample cellular growth, ... What Should be the Dose of Spermidine Powder?. The versatility of spermidine allows for its seamless inclusion into your daily ... Spermidines Impact on Cellular Autophagy. Spermidine plays a crucial role in the enhancement of cellular autophagy. The term ...
Take your spermidine rich diet to the next level and get the best spermidine rich supplements. ... Find referenced spermidine values of supplements and food. ...
Catalysis of the reaction: monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tricaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O. [GOC:kad, ... GO:0072549: monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity (Molecular function). ...
Save on the best spermidine supplement with a 3-month supply here. ... food-derived spermidine supplement from concentrated wheat germ extract. Free from fillers and flow agents and rigorously ... Primeadine® Spermidine Benefits. Beauty. Spermidine has been shown to keep hair follicles in the growth phase for longer. ... What is spermidine?. Spermidine is a potent polyamine, known for inducing autophagy, which is the bodys cellular renewal and ...
  • Studies have shown that spermidine supplementation can help promote healthy cell growth and enhance autophagy, the body's natural process of removing damaged or dead cells. (einpresswire.com)
  • Previous studies have highlighted that spermidine has the ability to trigger the important process of dissolving amyloid-beta plaques by autophagy. (springermedizin.at)
  • A unique physiological mechanism that spermidine also affects is autophagy . (biohackerslab.com)
  • Higher levels of spermidine are generally correlated, therefore, with more efficient and precise autophagy and thus healthier aging. (biohackerslab.com)
  • Healthy autophagy is a major metabolic pathway that is supported by spermidine and is likely a key mechanism through which spermidine works in the body to induce its positive health effects. (biohackerslab.com)
  • Spermidine is renowned for promoting autophagy and effectively controlling inflammation. (partiqlar.com)
  • By boosting autophagy, spermidine contributes to homeostasis and may protect from diseases and aging. (partiqlar.com)
  • Autophagy, which can be defined as the process of degradation and recycling of cellular components within cells2, is also influenced by spermidine. (valhallavitality.com)
  • In particular, spermidine promotes autophagy activity through its ability to bind to proteins involved in autophagy6. (valhallavitality.com)
  • These studies suggest that spermidine-induced autophagy may provide therapeutic benefits15 and could pave way for potential treatments for age-related diseases16. (valhallavitality.com)
  • Research has shown spermidine supplementation may provide numerous benefits such as improving cardiovascular health, lowering blood pressure, increasing appetite control, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and even activating autophagy. (valhallavitality.com)
  • Does spermidine induce autophagy? (valhallavitality.com)
  • Spermidine is a natural polyamine compound found in organisms ranging from microorganisms to humans, and has been suggested as a potential inducer of autophagy. (valhallavitality.com)
  • It's an award-winner: introducing our Spermidine Autophagy Supplement. (youthandearth.com)
  • Created to activate autophagy, your body's cellular renewal process, Spermidine counteracts the ageing process starting as early as you take it. (youthandearth.com)
  • In the journey of decoding longevity, our personalized spermidine supplements interact with EP300, a protein that drives autophagy, a crucial anti-aging process. (freedomtoformulate.com)
  • Thus, spermidine plays a central role in the activation of autophagy. (decodeage.com)
  • By enhancing autophagy, spermidine promotes the removal of toxic proteins and damaged cellular components, thus reducing the accumulation of harmful substances that can contribute to disease development. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • With its ability to enhance autophagy and protect against age-related conditions, spermidine may indeed be considered the fountain of youth for longevity. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • Spermidine works its magic by inducing a process known as autophagy - a cellular mechanism where damaged organelles and proteins are broken down and recycled. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • Spermidine acts as a natural booster for autophagy, effectively clearing out the cellular clutter and rejuvenating our cells. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • Spermidine has the unique ability to activate autophagy, a powerful anti-aging process that lowers systemic inflammation & preserves NAD⁺ levels. (renuebyscience.com)
  • A defective autophagy mechanism and a lack of spermidine are highly correlated with reduced life spans, chronic stress, and acute inflammation. (renuebyscience.com)
  • The quantities of spermidine in our bodies naturally decline with age, limiting autophagy and speeding up the aging process. (purovitalis.com)
  • Spermidine Life is the first dietary supplement containing lab-verified, quality controlled, non-gmo wheat germ extract as a dietary supplement for the promotion of autophagy and cellular renewal. (secureyourwellness.com)
  • Support your cells through autophagy by supplementing with clinically tested spermidine life. (secureyourwellness.com)
  • More specifically, spermidine induces autophagy to replace your old, damaged cells with newer, healthier versions. (nutrioplongevity.com)
  • As we age, the capability to produce spermidine decreases, significantly slowing down the cellular autophagy process. (nutrioplongevity.com)
  • Spermidine plays a crucial role in the enhancement of cellular autophagy. (theultrahealthstore.com)
  • When we talk about spermidine, we need to mention autophagy first. (cimasci.com)
  • Spermidine is best known for its ability to trigger the cellular process of autophagy, mimicking one of the key benefits of the popular health practice of fasting and caloric restriction. (cimasci.com)
  • The best part is that spermidine is able to trigger autophagy without fasting. (cimasci.com)
  • Spermidine works by promoting autophagy, which is the process by which old or damaged cells are recycled by the body to make way for new, healthy cells. (porvoobio.com)
  • By stimulating autophagy, spermidine helps keep cells functioning properly and slows down the aging process. (porvoobio.com)
  • Cellular autophagy activator, providing a potent and highly purified dose of Spermidine. (omre.co)
  • Autophagy in T cells from aged donors is maintained by spermidine and correlates with function and vaccine responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We demonstrate that levels of the endogenous autophagy-inducing metabolite spermidine fall in human T cells with age. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Spermidine supplementation in T cells from old donors recovers their autophagy level and function, similar to young donors' cells, in which spermidine biosynthesis has been inhibited. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Finally, our data show that endogenous spermidine maintains autophagy via the translation factor eIF5A and transcription factor TFEB. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Fertile men have higher spermidine levels than men who are infertile, and spermidine supplementation has been shown to help maintain a healthy hormone balance and reduce oxidative stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • This multicentric double-blind preliminary study focused on the effect of oral spermidine supplementation on older adults' cognitive performance. (springermedizin.at)
  • While synthesized naturally, spermidine levels decrease with age, so spermidine supplementation may be helpful for health and longevity. (biohackerslab.com)
  • The experiment focused on the benefits of decades long supplementation of a certain anti- aging ingredient on human health, which analyzed the potential association between spermidine intake and human mortality rate. (partiqlar.com)
  • There are several clinical studies underway to assess whether spermidine supplementation could be beneficial for human health14. (valhallavitality.com)
  • Although spermidine supplements have been found to be generally safe for most people when taken at certain dosages for short periods of time there are a few side effects that have been reported such as nausea, headache, fatigue and dizziness but these symptoms usually go away after discontinuing spermidine supplementation. (valhallavitality.com)
  • Unlock optimal health for your patients through personalized spermidine supplementation offered by Personalized Nutrients. (freedomtoformulate.com)
  • Their levels decline continuously with age and polyamine (spermidine or high-polyamine diet) supplementation increases life span in model organisms. (renuebyscience.com)
  • Support cellular renewal through spermidine supplementation with a simple two-capsules per day dose. (spermidinelife.us)
  • Spermidine supplementation renews cells and inhibits some complex internal issues. (nutrioplongevity.com)
  • Through supplementation, it's now possible to increase exogenous/external intake of spermidine to reverse this effect. (nutrioplongevity.com)
  • Are there any risks associated with spermidine supplementation? (porvoobio.com)
  • Spermidine is a longevity agent in mammals due to various mechanisms of action, which are just beginning to be understood. (wikipedia.org)
  • We named our new box set, Kiseki, meaning 'miracle' in Japanese, as we feel spermidine really is an unrecognized miracle molecule when it comes to longevity. (einpresswire.com)
  • As such, spermidine is gaining popularity in the longevity supplement market. (biohackerslab.com)
  • This article will discuss the origins of spermidine, the latest evidence purporting the health benefits of spermidine, and how exactly it induces the physiologic changes that lead to its longevity benefits. (biohackerslab.com)
  • SUPPORTS HEALTHY AGING - Spermidine supports healthy aging and longevity due to its role in the process of cell renewal. (lisatamati.com)
  • By fighting those drivers and contributing to overall health, spermidine holds great promise for longevity. (partiqlar.com)
  • Spermidine, a natural polyamine present in various foods, has captured the attention of the scientific community due to its remarkable ability to extend lifespan and its pivotal role in unlocking longevity. (freedomtoformulate.com)
  • Our supplements provide the perfect spermidine dose for your patients' metabolism, promoting longevity and health while ensuring precise polyamine balance. (freedomtoformulate.com)
  • Thanks to science and the researchers who have brought us the supermolecule, the longevity supplement: Spermidine. (decodeage.com)
  • It is important to keep our spermidine levels adequate, especially as we age, by consuming foods rich in spermidine or taking supplements to help maintain longevity. (decodeage.com)
  • Spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine found in various foods, has gained considerable attention in recent years due to its potential for promoting longevity and overall health. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • One of the most significant findings regarding spermidine is its ability to enhance longevity. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • While more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which spermidine exerts its extraordinary benefits, the existing body of evidence highlights its immense potential for promoting longevity and overall well-being. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • Spermidine has been studied for a range of health-protective effects that promote healthy aging and longevity. (renuebyscience.com)
  • According to Dr. David Sinclair, professor of genetics at Harvard and one of the leading longevity scientists, Spermidine can reduce disease and lower bioage by 5.7 years. (renuebyscience.com)
  • Spermidine benefits are numerous, and this polyamine is believed to promote fertility, longevity , and well health. (purovitalis.com)
  • spermidine LIFE® makes cell renewal simple, and is the gold standard of longevity supplements for researchers around the world. (spermidinelife.us)
  • That is why spermidine power retains the potential to prevent the likelihood of age-related abnormal body conditions and diseases to extend the longevity of your wholesome life. (theultrahealthstore.com)
  • Various mechanisms of action of spermidine are under research for its longevity benefit in mammals. (cimasci.com)
  • There are also spermidine supplements available, but make sure to consult your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen. (merrymiddle.com)
  • The one I am using is hilariously, considering the already weird name of spermidine, comes from Double Wood Supplements. (merrymiddle.com)
  • What are the benefits and side effects of spermidine supplements compared to food? (valhallavitality.com)
  • However, it is important to note that spermidine supplements are not regulated or standardized by any governing bodies so they may contain potentially dangerous or ineffective ingredients if purchased from untrustworthy sources. (valhallavitality.com)
  • At Personalized Nutrients, we are thrilled to introduce you to the groundbreaking potential of Spermidine and custom dietary supplements made using this ingredient. (freedomtoformulate.com)
  • At Personalized Nutrients, our approach revolves around crafting personalized spermidine dietary supplements tailored to the specific needs of your patients. (freedomtoformulate.com)
  • The potential of personalized spermidine supplements extends to the realm of neurodegeneration. (freedomtoformulate.com)
  • From protecting against diseases to promoting hair health, and combating weakened immunity, taking spermidine supplements only does wonders for your health. (decodeage.com)
  • Eating foods high in spermidine or taking supplements, the most efficient approach to increase spermidine consumption, are two ways to cope. (purovitalis.com)
  • Also, since spermidine decreases with age, taking spermidine supplements helps with age-related diseases that come with low levels of spermidine. (purovitalis.com)
  • The vast majority of 'spermidine' supplements on the market are actually synthetic spermidine. (nutrioplongevity.com)
  • Synthetic spermidine supplements are typically added to wheat germ powder and only contain 0.1% spermidine content out of 800mg. (nutrioplongevity.com)
  • The proven main health benefits of spermidine supplements are anti-aging and hair growth. (cimasci.com)
  • You can also take spermidine supplements, which are widely available online or at health food stores. (porvoobio.com)
  • Additionally, it is important to remember that spermidine is an antioxidant, so it can interact with other supplements and medications. (porvoobio.com)
  • Getting more spermidine into your diet is relatively easy, either through foods or supplements. (porvoobio.com)
  • Also, spermidine is a precursor to other polyamines, such as spermine and thermospermine, some of which contribute to tolerance against drought and salinity in plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxford Healthspan's Primeadine ® Spermidine is rigorously tested and comes with two other naturally occurring polyamines important to human health, spermine and putrescine, which work together with spermidine as part of a virtuous recycling loop that enables the body to make more spermidine. (einpresswire.com)
  • Primeadine is both a source of supplemental spermidine, spermine and putrescine in the exact ratio found in nature, and a prebiotic to increase your body's overall levels of spermidine, while potentiating your microbiota's innate ability to manufacture it too. (einpresswire.com)
  • At the latter end of this pathway, however, we know that spermidine is ultimately created from its precursors putrescine (another polyamine) and spermine. (biohackerslab.com)
  • Assay of spermidine and spermine synthases. (psu.edu)
  • What is the difference between spermine and spermidine? (cimasci.com)
  • Both spermine and spermidine are polyamines involved in cellular metabolism. (cimasci.com)
  • Spermine is a crystalline powder compound and is related to spermidine, but is not the same. (cimasci.com)
  • Spermidine is a precursor to other polyamines, like spermine and thermospermine. (cimasci.com)
  • The chemical name of spermidine is N-(3-aminopropyl) butane-1,4-diamine while the CAS number of spermine is 71-44-3 (free base) and 306-67-2 (tetrahydrochloride). (cimasci.com)
  • Blagbrough, IS , Geall, AJ & Neal, AP 2002, ' Design and synthesis of unsymmetrical polyamine spermidine and spermine conjugates with potential in DNA binding and non-viral gene therapy studies ', Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society , vol. 224, pp. (bath.ac.uk)
  • The ideal amount of spermidine depends on your age, health, and diet. (merrymiddle.com)
  • While we cannot disclose the amount of spermidine as it is a trade secret, we can state that it has 1 mg or more per capsule. (revgenetics.eu)
  • As a dietary supplement, we do not any medical claims, we only assure that dry wheat seed and wheat seed oil extract formulation has a proprietary amount of spermidine in a capsule. (revgenetics.eu)
  • Polyamines are a type of biomolecule under which spermidine is classified. (biohackerslab.com)
  • In one population based study of women and men ages 40-79, researchers had participants track food consumption in order to measure how much spermidine and polyamines study participants were intaking nutritionally. (biohackerslab.com)
  • Spermidine is an organic compound that belongs to the group of polyamines and is naturally produced in the body. (valhallavitality.com)
  • Polyamines, including spermidine, play a pivotal role in fuelling cellular metabolism and sustaining vitality. (freedomtoformulate.com)
  • Our natural, spermidine-rich CelVio® Complex is now twice the strength as our original with 30% more polyamines. (spermidinelife.us)
  • Spermidine is a natural substance that belongs to the class of biogenic polyamines and is found in all cells. (sunday.de)
  • We have focused our attention on the speG gene, which encodes spermidine acetyltransferase, an enzyme catalysing the conversion of spermidine into the physiologically inert acetylspermidine, since recent evidence stresses the involvement of polyamines in microbial pathogenesis. (uniroma1.it)
  • Non-motile bacteria are more immunogenic due to a lower expression of arnT upon host-cell contact, but do not produce spermidine and are phagocytosed less. (elifesciences.org)
  • Gut bacteria can also produce spermidine. (omre.co)
  • These bacteria can produce spermidine by converting other dietary compounds, such as agmatine, into spermidine. (omre.co)
  • Spermidine synthase (SPDS) catalyzes its formation from putrescine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spermidine regulates biological processes, such as Ca2+ influx by glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor), which has been associated with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cGMP/PKG pathway activation and a decrease of Na+,K+-ATPase activity in cerebral cortex synaptosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spermidine's known actions include: Inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) Binds and precipitates DNA Polyamine plant growth regulator Good dietary sources of spermidine are aged cheese, mushrooms, soy products, legumes, corn, and whole grains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Structural Analysis of Spermidine Synthase from Kluyveromyces lactis . (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, research has shown that spermidine can help protect cells against oxidative stress. (porvoobio.com)
  • Studies have shown that spermidine can help protect cells from damage and aging, reduce inflammation, and even have anti-cancer effects. (porvoobio.com)
  • And in humans, research has found that a diet rich in spermidine is associated with a reduced risk of heart failure. (merrymiddle.com)
  • For instance, a study conducted on mice revealed that a diet rich in spermidine resulted in a longer lifespan and reduced age-related decline in cardiovascular function and cognitive ability. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • Now, I don't want to be a party pooper, but we need to talk about the potential side effects of spermidine. (merrymiddle.com)
  • Additionally long-term studies have not been conducted yet so it is unclear if there would be any long-term health risks associated with spermidine supplement use but more research is needed before this can be determined conclusively. (valhallavitality.com)
  • Spermidine is a polyamine compound (C 7H 19N 3) found in ribosomes and living tissues and having various metabolic functions within organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spermidine is a polyamine compound that is synthesized within the human body and also found readily in certain foods . (biohackerslab.com)
  • Spermidine has also been reported to protect the heart from aging and prolong the lifespan of mice, while in humans it was correlated with lower blood pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spermidine is gaining popularity and is becoming a must-have supplement due to its effects on overall health and lifespan. (decodeage.com)
  • Numerous studies have showcased the remarkable benefits of spermidine in extending lifespan and preventing age-related diseases. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • Several animal studies have shown that the administration of spermidine can extend the lifespan of various species, including yeast, worms, flies, and mice. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • In addition to its effects on lifespan, spermidine has also been found to exert protective effects against age-related conditions. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • Spermidine, a tiny molecule from wheat germ, protects the heart and extends the lifespan of mice, even when given mid-life. (renuebyscience.com)
  • On the other hand, boosting polyamine levels by giving animals Spermidine extended lifespan. (omre.co)
  • The new limited edition, handcrafted Kiseki Box Set ($247) features a three month supply of the company's key supplement, Primeadine Spermidine in a powder format alongside a beautifully designed Sakura, cherry-tree tea caddy to store it in. (einpresswire.com)
  • One such advantageous outcome has emerged as spermidine powder - primarily derived from its natural sources. (theultrahealthstore.com)
  • Although derived from food sources, such as wheat germ, soybeans, aged or matured cheese, and chicken liver, spermidine is now readily available in its concentrated form as spermidine powder. (theultrahealthstore.com)
  • It will also let you know about how to incorporate and utilize spermidine bulk powder to make the most from it. (theultrahealthstore.com)
  • Although its concentration varies in different types of foods, including mushrooms and legumes, the recent progressions in the field of scientific research and technology have empowered the formulation and massive yield of concentrated spermidine powder for you to enjoy the extensive plethora of its benefits. (theultrahealthstore.com)
  • The appealing taste, texture, and aroma of spermidine powder will drive you to the extent of including it as a staple in your diet regimen. (theultrahealthstore.com)
  • What Should be the Dose of Spermidine Powder? (theultrahealthstore.com)
  • The research findings on spermidine powder are promising to date, proving the potential advantageous effects to enhance your overall well-being. (theultrahealthstore.com)
  • Many scientific studies have revealed the fantastic positive impact of an appropriate dosage of spermidine powder in the maintenance of your heart health. (theultrahealthstore.com)
  • The color of Spermidine-rich wheat germ extract is white to yellowish powder, while for synthetic spermidine powder, the color is white to off-white. (cimasci.com)
  • Where To Get The Best Quality Of Spermidine powder? (porvoobio.com)
  • Shaanxi Porvoo is a trusted producer and supplier of high-quality Wheat Germ Extract Spermidine powder in China. (porvoobio.com)
  • Spermidine is a natural compound found in many foods such as green peppers, wheat, broccoli, mushrooms, and many cheeses. (lisatamati.com)
  • Spermidine is a natural compound found in many foods, especially in wheat germ. (partiqlar.com)
  • Find out the endless health benefits of spermidine, a natural compound found in cells that can help in reversing age and renew the body. (decodeage.com)
  • Although a powerful compound, Spermidine is well known for having poor bioavailability. (renuebyscience.com)
  • Spermidine is a chemical compound that is part of the polyamine family. (porvoobio.com)
  • Spermidine is a compound that is found naturally in some foods, as well as produced by the body. (porvoobio.com)
  • In this article, we're going to take a closer look at all there is to know about Spermidine to clear some of the confusion around this strangely named compound. (omre.co)
  • Spermidine is also available in the chloride form as spermidine trihydrochloride or spermidine 3 HCL (CAS 334-50-9). (cimasci.com)
  • Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine that was first discovered in human semen by a scientist, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek. (decodeage.com)
  • Soybeans and soy-based products, such as tofu and soy milk, contain significant amounts of spermidine. (omre.co)
  • But, of course, we can't talk about spermidine without discussing the evidence that using it actually helps. (merrymiddle.com)
  • Spermidine is available from certain food sources, such as sesame seeds, wheat germ, legumes, mushrooms and whole grains3. (valhallavitality.com)
  • The best way to get spermidine into your body is through food sources like wheat germ, soybeans, mushrooms, legumes, whole grains and nuts. (valhallavitality.com)
  • Spermidine is a substance that is found in a variety of foods, including aged cheese, soybeans, certain mushrooms, and whole grains. (porvoobio.com)
  • Spermidine is a polyamine that has been gaining significant attention due to its potential to treat age-related diseases and reduce inflammation. (valhallavitality.com)
  • Spermidine appears to lessen this ongoing inflammation and may delay one aspect of the aging process for cells and tissues. (purovitalis.com)
  • Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of cell damage and aging, and spermidine can help protect against free radical damage and inflammation that can accelerate aging. (porvoobio.com)
  • Spermidine may also be beneficial for people suffering from certain metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, as it can help improve insulin sensitivity and reduce inflammation. (porvoobio.com)
  • Additionally, spermidine has been shown to help protect against heart disease by reducing inflammation and improving cholesterol levels. (porvoobio.com)
  • Additionally, spermidine can help protect against oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and even improve metabolism. (porvoobio.com)
  • The results demonstrated a clear correlation between the intake of spermidine and the improvement in cognitive performance in subjects with mild and moderate dementia in the group treated with the higher spermidine dosage. (springermedizin.at)
  • By comparison, the group which had a lower spermidine intake showed consistent or declining cognitive performance. (springermedizin.at)
  • They found that higher intake of spermidine was correlated with reduced mortality , even after adjusting for other confounding variables like BMI, age, or other socioeconomic factors like alcohol consumption, smoking status, income, etc. (biohackerslab.com)
  • Researchers selected 829 participants aged 45-84 years and divided the population into three groups based on spermidine intake. (partiqlar.com)
  • The final data analysis suggested a significant negative association between spermidine intake and all-cause mortality. (partiqlar.com)
  • The difference in mortality risk between the highest and lowest spermidine intake was similar to the difference associated with being 5.7 years younger. (partiqlar.com)
  • In humans, an increased intake of dietary spermidine has shown strong correlations with reduced mortality rates and comprehensive improvements in cardiovascular health. (freedomtoformulate.com)
  • partiQlar Pure Spermidine consists of 8 mg of spermidine per capsule, with no unnecessary fillers added. (partiqlar.com)
  • PartiQlar Pure Spermidine is supplied by EffePharm SPERMIDE™, which adopts advanced biosynthesis technology to produce pure spermidine that is allergen-free. (partiqlar.com)
  • Introducing Pure Spermidine Supplement - the ultimate solution for enhancing cell renewal and promoting overall health. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • Give your body the natural boost it deserves - Try Nutriop® Pure-Spermidine today! (nutrioplongevity.com)
  • Nutriop® Pure-Spermidine is a natural 1% extract of wheat germ , with each capsule containing 500mg of wheat germ and 5mg of 100% spermidine . (nutrioplongevity.com)
  • For best results, a 1 capsule dosage of Pure Spermidine should be taken twice per day, with your two main meals. (nutrioplongevity.com)
  • Tap into the amazing anti-aging benefits of spermidine with Nutriop® Pure-Spermidine . (nutrioplongevity.com)
  • Spermidine synthesis becomes less robust with aging, leading to lower spermidine levels later in life. (biohackerslab.com)
  • This product contains Spermidine RX™, which is a proprietary dry wheat seed and wheat seed oil extract. (revgenetics.eu)
  • Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable that contains spermidine along with other beneficial compounds. (omre.co)
  • While spermidine naturally occurs in these foods, supplementing with spermidine could increase spermidine levels more effectively than just eating these foods alone. (valhallavitality.com)
  • Incorporating spermidine-rich foods, such as wheat germ, soybeans, peas, and certain fruits and vegetables, into our diet may offer a natural and accessible way to support healthy aging. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • Our flagship supplement spermidine LIFE® is the first dietary supplement containing CelVio® spermidine-rich wheat germ extract. (spermidinelife.us)
  • spermidine LIFE® Memory+ contains our proprietary CelVio® spermidine-rich wheat germ extract combined with brain active micronutrients to support your cognitive health at a cellular level. (spermidinelife.us)
  • As technology advanced over the next few centuries, spermidine was also identified in human semen by the 1900s. (biohackerslab.com)
  • Spermidine was initially identified in semen but was later detected in all eukaryotic cells. (purovitalis.com)
  • Spermidine, first isolated from semen or sperm, is a water-soluble polyamine ingredient that occurs naturally in all tissues of our human bodies and is also found in many other organisms like animals, plants, and typical dietary foods. (cimasci.com)
  • Although spermidine was initially discovered in semen, it is important to note that it is present in all living cells and can be obtained from various food sources. (omre.co)
  • The bottle has 90 Capsules (Yes, each capsule includes a proprietary wheat seed and wheat seed oil extract formulation with natural Spermidine). (revgenetics.eu)
  • Natural wheatgerm extract with 3mg spermidine per capsule, obtained via a highly pure water and ethanol extraction with no further solvents. (sunday.de)
  • Our natural wheatgerm extract with 3mg spermidine per capsule is produced using a highly pure water-ethanol extraction with no additional chemical solvents. (sunday.de)
  • Our formulation provides you with 1mg standardized spermidine , tested in every batch to guarantee you are getting the same amount in every capsule. (oxfordhealthspan.com)
  • Thus, by now one can comment that if spermidine is interacting with the functioning of DNA, it has to be an important molecule. (decodeage.com)
  • Spermidine is a naturally occurring molecule that is vital to cell function and survival. (renuebyscience.com)
  • Spermidine is a powerful anti-aging molecule that helps your body slow down some of the most common effects of aging. (nutrioplongevity.com)
  • Spermidine is a small molecule with a molecular weight of 145.25, and a unique CAS Registry Number of 124-20-9. (cimasci.com)
  • Spermidine is quickly growing in popularity as a dietary supplement. (purovitalis.com)
  • spermidine LIFE® Ultra+ is a dietary supplement, made from our CelVio® Complex with high spermidine content, for drinking with thiamine and zinc to intensively support the body's own cell renewal. (spermidinelife.us)
  • Wheat germ: Wheat germ is one of the richest dietary sources of spermidine. (omre.co)
  • Spermidine binds and precipitates DNA and may be used for purification of DNA binding proteins. (botanicure.com)
  • Aside from its role in cellular rejuvenation, spermidine has shown other potential health benefits, including improved heart health and protection against age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • Spermidine has also been found to "upregulate expression of the epithelial stem cell-associated keratins K15 and K19, and dose-dependently modulated K15 promoter activity in situ and the colony forming efficiency, proliferation and K15 expression of isolated human K15-GFP+ cells in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
  • We recommend not exceeding the recommended dosages as we have not found studies on high-dose Spermidine and aren't sure what side effects could result from usage at very high doses. (lisatamati.com)
  • With its 99% standardized formula and enhanced absorption, this supplement offers a potent dose of spermidine to support brain function, cardiovascular health, and immune system strength. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • You need to avoid following any hard or fast rules to take a daily dose of spermidine at a fixed time. (theultrahealthstore.com)
  • The daily dose of spermidine is assessed concerning your age, gender, and overall health status. (theultrahealthstore.com)
  • Here to talk about the science of spermidine, the under-the-radar, cell-renewal polyamine, is Leslie Kenny. (apple.com)
  • Spermidine is able to penetrate biological membranes and is believed to be beneficial to cell renewal and anti-aging purposes. (cimasci.com)
  • After researching over ~20,000 compounds In June 2020, The Laboratory Of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, named Spermidine (With CAS 124-20-9) and Glucosamine the top Geroprotectors, with Spermidine having fewer side effects than Glucosamine. (revgenetics.eu)
  • Research suggests that spermidine can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, as well as certain types of cancer. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • Spermidine is believed to help reduce the onset of neurodegenerative and age-related diseases. (cimasci.com)
  • Spermidine synthesis can take place through three routes namely from cellular synthesis, meaning the cell itself makes it. (decodeage.com)
  • There are two main ways for obtaining bulk spermidine, one is from natural foods, and the other is from chemical synthesis. (cimasci.com)
  • In this study, the chemical features and the functional roles of the PA spermidine are synergistically exploited in the synthesis and bioactive functionalization of SiO2-based structures. (unipi.it)
  • Inspired by biosilicification, the role of spermidine is assessed both as catalyst and template in a biomimetic one-pot synthesis of dense silica-based particles (SPs) and as a competitive agent in an interfacial reassembly strategy, to empty out SPs and generate spermidine-decorated hollow silica nanoporous pods (spd-SNPs). (unipi.it)
  • Spermidine also shields DNA from oxidative stress-related damage. (purovitalis.com)
  • Spermidine synchronizes an array of biological processes, (such as Ca2+, Na+, K+ -ATPase) thus maintaining membrane potential and controlling intracellular pH and volume. (wikipedia.org)
  • SUPPORTS HEALTHY COGNITION - Spermidine can help support healthy memory and cognitive function. (lisatamati.com)
  • By promoting these, spermidine may improve memory and cognitive function and even delay brain aging. (partiqlar.com)
  • As we age, our ability to produce natural levels of spermidine through our gut microbiota or from our diets decreases significantly. (spermidinelife.us)
  • Blood samples were taken for the determination of spermidine concentration and measurement of metabolic parameters. (springermedizin.at)
  • Studies conducted on spermidine-treated animal models indicate that spermidine supplementations can reduce inflammation12 and improve metabolic health13. (valhallavitality.com)
  • Spermidine is, at physiological pH, a polycationic reagent that aids in enzyme digestion by forcing apart DNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our spermidine formulations mimic caloric restriction benefits, aligning with shared pharmacological targets of spermidine and aspirin - EP300 - for comprehensive health advantages. (freedomtoformulate.com)
  • However, it can also be induced by compounds like Spermidine, which mimic the anti-aging benefits of caloric restriction. (renuebyscience.com)
  • We discuss the potent anti-aging benefits of spermidine, the different ways to incorporate it in your life, and how she created Primeadine - the best spermidine supplement on the market - with some of the most outstanding scientists alive today. (apple.com)
  • Primeadine® is the purest food-derived spermidine supplement on the market, with zero fillers or flow agents. (oxfordhealthspan.com)
  • Spermidine affects a variety of biological processes in the human body that result in the health benefits mentioned. (biohackerslab.com)
  • Researchers have demonstrated that spermidine plays diverse roles in different biological processes5. (valhallavitality.com)
  • Spermidines are hence extremely valuable due to their ability to attach to a wide variety of molecules and play a critical role in various biological processes such as cell growth, DNA stability, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. (decodeage.com)
  • What Are the Health Benefits of Spermidine? (biohackerslab.com)
  • Several population based cohort studies have begun to consistently show the health benefits of spermidine to humans. (biohackerslab.com)
  • Spermidine binds with numerous tissues throughout the body to induce its health benefits. (biohackerslab.com)
  • Now, let's chat about the benefits of spermidine because, girl, there are a lot! (merrymiddle.com)
  • Some studies suggest that consuming about 5 to 10 mg of spermidine per day may be enough to enjoy its benefits. (merrymiddle.com)
  • There are numerous studies showing the benefits of spermidine, especially when it comes to aging, brain health, and heart health. (merrymiddle.com)
  • In conclusion spermidine found in food sources appears to be beneficial in providing cellular protection against disease while spermidinesupplements may offer additional benefits that could outweigh any potential risks or side effects depending on individual needs. (valhallavitality.com)
  • Embark on a journey of discovery as we unveil the exceptional benefits of spermidine and demonstrate how our tailor-made formulations can pave the path toward a longer and healthier life for your patients. (freedomtoformulate.com)
  • spermidine has many benefits for overall health. (decodeage.com)
  • So grab your bowl of soybean-based foods or indulge yourself in soybean chunks recipes for spermidine benefits! (decodeage.com)
  • We gave you more reasons why breakfast is the most important meal of the day and i.e spermidine benefits in one bowl! (decodeage.com)
  • So let's look more closely to spermidine function and benefits. (purovitalis.com)
  • there are several spermidine supplement benefits. (purovitalis.com)
  • Spermidine supplement benefits are of a wide range, and they have several positive health effects due to the autophagic process. (purovitalis.com)
  • Recent research has highlighted the game-changing benefits of spermidine. (nutrioplongevity.com)
  • Spermidine has been shown to have a number of benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and even anti-aging effects. (porvoobio.com)
  • In recent years, there has been a lot of research into the potential benefits of spermidine. (porvoobio.com)
  • Spermidine is gaining a lot of attention in recent years because of its link to reported anti-aging benefits. (omre.co)
  • But what actually is Spermidine and what does the science say about its potential health benefits? (omre.co)
  • Spermidine has gained significant attention in recent years due to its remarkable anti-aging properties. (primehealthbiz.com)
  • In recent years, spermidine has gained momentum as a great anti-aging agent. (purovitalis.com)
  • They also confirmed that nutritional intervention with the natural polyamine spermidine can prevent memory loss in aging model organisms. (springermedizin.at)
  • Natural spermidine enables you to restore the health of your cells and reverse the impacts of aging. (nutrioplongevity.com)