The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Analysis based on the mathematical function first formulated by Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier in 1807. The function, known as the Fourier transform, describes the sinusoidal pattern of any fluctuating pattern in the physical world in terms of its amplitude and its phase. It has broad applications in biomedicine, e.g., analysis of the x-ray crystallography data pivotal in identifying the double helical nature of DNA and in analysis of other molecules, including viruses, and the modified back-projection algorithm universally used in computerized tomography imaging, etc. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.
The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.
A subfield of acoustics dealing in the radio frequency range higher than acoustic SOUND waves (approximately above 20 kilohertz). Ultrasonic radiation is used therapeutically (DIATHERMY and ULTRASONIC THERAPY) to generate HEAT and to selectively destroy tissues. It is also used in diagnostics, for example, ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; and ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, to visually display echoes received from irradiated tissues.
Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.
A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.
The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.
Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of the scattered light.
Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.
An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.
The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.
Nanoparticles produced from metals whose uses include biosensors, optics, and catalysts. In biomedical applications the particles frequently involve the noble metals, especially gold and silver.
The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.
Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.
The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.
A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
A continuing periodic change in displacement with respect to a fixed reference. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Analytical technique for studying substances present at enzyme concentrations in single cells, in situ, by measuring light absorption. Light from a tungsten strip lamp or xenon arc dispersed by a grating monochromator illuminates the optical system of a microscope. The absorbance of light is measured (in nanometers) by comparing the difference between the image of the sample and a reference image.
An umbrella term used to describe a pattern of disabilities and abnormalities that result from fetal exposure to ETHANOL during pregnancy. It encompasses a phenotypic range that can vary greatly between individuals, but reliably includes one or more of the following: characteristic facial dysmorphism, FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION, central nervous system abnormalities, cognitive and/or behavioral dysfunction, BIRTH DEFECTS. The level of maternal alcohol consumption does not necessarily correlate directly with disease severity.
Condensation products of aromatic amines and aldehydes forming azomethines substituted on the N atom, containing the general formula R-N:CHR. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)
A conjugated protein which is the oxygen-transporting pigment of muscle. It is made up of one globin polypeptide chain and one heme group.
Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Spectrophotometry in the infrared region, usually for the purpose of chemical analysis through measurement of absorption spectra associated with rotational and vibrational energy levels of molecules. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The diversion of RADIATION (thermal, electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result of interactions or collisions with atoms, molecules, or larger particles in the atmosphere or other media. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.
A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Thin strands of transparent material, usually glass, that are used for transmitting light waves over long distances.
Photochemistry is the study of chemical reactions induced by absorption of light, resulting in the promotion of electrons to higher energy levels and subsequent formation of radicals or excited molecules that can undergo various reaction pathways.

Chlamydomonas chloroplast ferrous hemoglobin. Heme pocket structure and reactions with ligands. (1/2113)

We report the optical and resonance Raman spectral characterization of ferrous recombinant Chlamydomonas LI637 hemoglobin. We show that it is present in three pH-dependent equilibrium forms including a 4-coordinate species at acid pH, a 5-coordinate high spin species at neutral pH, and a 6-coordinate low spin species at alkaline pH. The proximal ligand to the heme is the imidazole group of a histidine. Kinetics of the reactions with ligands were determined by stopped-flow spectroscopy. At alkaline pH, combination with oxygen, nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide displays a kinetic behavior that is interpreted as being rate-limited by conversion of the 6-coordinate form to a reactive 5-coordinate form. At neutral pH, combination rates of the 5-coordinate form with oxygen and carbon monoxide were much faster (>10(7) microM-1 s-1). The dissociation rate constant measured for oxygen is among the slowest known, 0.014 s-1, and is independent of pH. Replacement of the tyrosine 63 (B10) by leucine or of the putative distal glutamine by glycine increases the dissociation rate constant 70- and 30-fold and increases the rate of autoxidation 20- and 90-fold, respectively. These results are consistent with at least two hydrogen bonds stabilizing the bound oxygen molecule, one from tyrosine B10 and the other from the distal glutamine. In addition, the high frequency (232 cm-1) of the iron-histidine bond suggests a structure that lacks any proximal strain thus contributing to high ligand affinity.  (+info)

EPR characterization of axial bond in metal center of native and cobalt-substituted guanylate cyclase. (2/2113)

The nature of the metal-proximal base bond of soluble guanylate cyclase from bovine lung was examined by EPR spectroscopy. When the ferrous enzyme was mixed with NO, a new species was transiently produced and rapidly converted to a five-coordinate ferrous NO complex. The new species exhibited the EPR signal of six-coordinate ferrous NO complex with a feature of histidine-ligated heme. The histidine ligation was further examined by using the cobalt protoporphyrin IX-substituted enzyme. The Co2+-substituted enzyme exhibited EPR signals of a broad g perpendicular;1 component and a g;1 component with a poorly resolved triplet of 14N superhyperfine splittings, which was indicative of the histidine ligation. These EPR features were analogous to those of alpha-subunits of Co2+-hemoglobin in tense state, showing a tension on the iron-histidine bond of the enzyme. The binding of NO to the Co2+-enzyme markedly stimulated the cGMP production by forming the five-coordinate NO complex. We found that N3- elicited the activation of the ferric enzyme by yielding five-coordinate high spin N3- heme. These results indicated that the activation of the enzymes was initiated by NO binding to the metals and proceeded via breaking of the metal-histidine bonds, and suggested that the iron-histidine bond in the ferric enzyme heme was broken by N3- binding.  (+info)

Q-Band resonance Raman investigation of turnip cytochrome f and Rhodobacter capsulatus cytochrome c1. (3/2113)

The results of a comprehensive Q-band resonance Raman investigation of cytochrome c1 and cytochrome f subunits of bc1 and b6f complexes are presented. Q-band excitation provides a particularly effective probe of the local heme environments of these species. The effects of protein conformation (particularly axial ligation) on heme structure and function were further investigated by comparison of spectra obtained from native subunits to those of a site directed c1 mutant (M183L) and various pH-dependent species of horse heart cytochrome c. In general, all species examined displayed variability in their axial amino acid ligation that suggests a good deal of flexibility in their hemepocket conformations. Surprisingly, the large scale protein rearrangements that accompany axial ligand replacement have little or no effect on macrocycle geometry in these species. This indicates the identity and/or conformation of the peptide linkage between the two cysteines that are covalently linked to the heme periphery may determine heme geometry.  (+info)

Altered ligand rebinding kinetics due to distal-side effects in hemoglobin chico (Lysbeta66(E10) --> thr). (4/2113)

Hb Chico is an unusual human hemoglobin variant that has lowered oxygen affinity, but unaltered cooperativity and anion sensitivity. Previous studies showed these features to be associated with distal-side heme pocket alterations that confer increased structural rigidity on the molecule and that increase water content in the beta-chain heme pocket. We report here that the extent of nanosecond geminate rebinding of oxygen to the variant and its isolated beta-chains is appreciably decreased. Structural alterations in this variant decrease its oxygen recombination rates without significantly altering rates of migration out of the heme pocket. Data analysis indicates that one or more barriers that impede rebinding of oxygen from docking sites in the heme pocket are increased, with less consequence for CO rebinding. Resonance Raman spectra show no significant alterations in spectral regions sensitive to interactions between the heme iron and the proximal histidine residue, confirming that the functional differences in the variant are due to distal-side heme pocket alterations. These effects are discussed in the context of a schematic representation of heme pocket wells and barriers that could aid the design of novel hemoglobins with altered ligand affinity without loss of the normal allosteric responses that facilitate unloading of oxygen to respiring tissues.  (+info)

Absence in amphotericin B-spiked human plasma of the free monomeric drug, as detected by SERS. (5/2113)

Using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) which enables us to specifically detect traces of monomeric amphotericin B (AmB), we were able to show that in a 10(-5) M AmB suspension, the concentration of free drug was below 10(-8) M in the presence of low density lipoproteins (LDL) or plasma. The affinity constant of AmB for LDL determined from electronic absorption data, was found to be 4 x 10(6) M(-1). Therefore, since AmB appears to be in the majority bound to lipoproteins under in vivo conditions, its toxicity should not result from the induction of host-cell transmembrane permeability but rather from the internalization of the AmB-LDL complex.  (+info)

Purification, redox and spectroscopic properties of the tetraheme cytochrome c isolated from Rubrivivax gelatinosus. (6/2113)

The tetraheme cytochrome c subunit of the Rubrivivax gelatinosus reaction center was isolated in the presence of octyl beta-D-thioglucoside by ammonium sulfate precipitation and solubilization at pH 9 in a solution of Deriphat 160. Several biochemical properties of this purified cytochrome were characterized. In particular, it forms small oligomers and its N-terminal amino acid is blocked. In the presence or absence of diaminodurene, ascorbate and dithionite, different oxidation/reduction states of the isolated cytochrome were studied by absorption, EPR and resonance Raman spectroscopies. All the data show two hemes quickly reduced by ascorbate, one heme slowly reduced by ascorbate and one heme only reduced by dithionite. The quickly ascorbate-reduced hemes have paramagnetic properties very similar to those of the two low-potential hemes of the reaction center-bound cytochrome (gz = 3.34), but their alpha band is split with two components peaking at 552 nm and 554 nm in the reduced state. Their axial ligands did not change, being His/Met and His/His, as indicated by the resonance Raman spectra. The slowly ascorbate-reduced heme and the dithionite-reduced heme are assigned to the two high-potential hemes of the bound cytochrome. Their alpha band was blue-shifted at 551 nm and the gz values decreased to 2.96, although the axial ligations (His/Met) were conserved. It was concluded that the estimated 300 mV potential drop of these hemes reflected changes in their solvent accessibility, while the reduction in gz indicates an increased symmetry of their cooordination spheres. These structural modifications impaired the cytochrome's essential function as the electron donor to the photooxidized bacteriochlorophyll dimer of the reaction center. In contrast to its native state, the isolated cytochrome was unable to reduce efficiently the reaction center purified from a Rubrivivax gelatinosus mutant in which the tetraheme was absent. Despite the conformational changes of the cytochrome, its four hemes are still divided into two groups with a pair of low-potential hemes and a pair of high-potential hemes.  (+info)

An anomaly in the resonance Raman spectra of cytochrome P-450cam in the ferrous high-spin state. (7/2113)

Resonance Raman spectra of cytochrome P-450cam (P-450cam) and its enzymatically inactive form (P-420) in various oxidation and spin states were measured for the first time. The Raman spectrum of reduced P-450cam was unusual in the sense that the "oxidation-state marker" appeared at an unexpectedly lower frequency (1346 cm-1) in comparison with those of other reduced hemoproteins (approximately 1355-approximately 1365 cm-1), whereas that of oxidized P-450cam was located at a normal frequency. This anomaly in the Raman spectrum of reduced P-450cam can be explained by assuming electron delocalization from the fifth ligand, presumably a thiolate anion, to the antibonding pi orbital of the porphyrin ring. The corresponding Raman line of reduced P-420 appeared at a normal frequency (1360 cm-1), suggesting a status change or replacement of the fifth ligand upon conversion from P-450cam to P-420. The Raman spectrum of reduced P-450cam-metyrapone complex was very similar to that of ferrous cytochrome b5.  (+info)

Identification by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy of an imino tautomer of 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxycytidine, a powerful base analog transition mutagen with a much higher unfavored tautomer frequency than that of the natural residue 2'-deoxycytidine. (8/2113)

UV resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to detect and estimate the frequency of the unfavored imino tautomer of the transition mutagen 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxycytidine (HO5dCyt) in its anionic form. In DNA, this 2'-deoxycytidine analog arises from the oxidation of 2'-deoxycytidine and induces C --> T transitions with 10(2) greater frequency than such spontaneous transitions. An imino tautomer marker carbonyl band (approximately 1650 cm-1) is enhanced at approximately 65 degrees C against an otherwise stable spectrum of bands associated with the favored amino tautomer. This band is similarly present in the UV resonance Raman spectra of the imino cytidine analogs N3-methylcytidine at high pH and N4-methoxy-2'-deoxycytidine at pH 7 and displays features attributable to the imino form of C residues and their derivatives. The fact that the imino tautomer of HO5dCyt occurs at a frequency consistent with its high mutagenic enhancement lends strong support to the hypothesis that unfavored base tautomers play important roles in the mispair intermediates of replication leading to substitution mutations.  (+info)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "spectrum analysis" is not a commonly used medical term. Spectrum analysis is a term that is more frequently used in the fields of physics, mathematics, and engineering to describe the process of breaking down a signal or a wave into its different frequencies and amplitudes, creating a visual representation called a spectrum.

If you have any concerns about a medical issue, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional for accurate information and guidance.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but Fourier Analysis is not a medical term. It is a mathematical concept used in various scientific fields, including physics, engineering, and signal processing.

Fourier Analysis is a method to decompose functions into sinusoidal components (sines and cosines) of different frequencies. This allows for the representation of a function or a signal as a sum of these frequency components. It's particularly useful in analyzing periodic functions, understanding signals, and solving partial differential equations.

If you have any medical terms you would like me to define, please let me know!

Computer-assisted signal processing is a medical term that refers to the use of computer algorithms and software to analyze, interpret, and extract meaningful information from biological signals. These signals can include physiological data such as electrocardiogram (ECG) waves, electromyography (EMG) signals, electroencephalography (EEG) readings, or medical images.

The goal of computer-assisted signal processing is to automate the analysis of these complex signals and extract relevant features that can be used for diagnostic, monitoring, or therapeutic purposes. This process typically involves several steps, including:

1. Signal acquisition: Collecting raw data from sensors or medical devices.
2. Preprocessing: Cleaning and filtering the data to remove noise and artifacts.
3. Feature extraction: Identifying and quantifying relevant features in the signal, such as peaks, troughs, or patterns.
4. Analysis: Applying statistical or machine learning algorithms to interpret the extracted features and make predictions about the underlying physiological state.
5. Visualization: Presenting the results in a clear and intuitive way for clinicians to review and use.

Computer-assisted signal processing has numerous applications in healthcare, including:

* Diagnosing and monitoring cardiac arrhythmias or other heart conditions using ECG signals.
* Assessing muscle activity and function using EMG signals.
* Monitoring brain activity and diagnosing neurological disorders using EEG readings.
* Analyzing medical images to detect abnormalities, such as tumors or fractures.

Overall, computer-assisted signal processing is a powerful tool for improving the accuracy and efficiency of medical diagnosis and monitoring, enabling clinicians to make more informed decisions about patient care.

Ultrasonography, also known as sonography, is a diagnostic medical procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to produce dynamic images of organs, tissues, or blood flow inside the body. These images are captured in real-time and can be used to assess the size, shape, and structure of various internal structures, as well as detect any abnormalities such as tumors, cysts, or inflammation.

During an ultrasonography procedure, a small handheld device called a transducer is placed on the patient's skin, which emits and receives sound waves. The transducer sends high-frequency sound waves into the body, and these waves bounce back off internal structures and are recorded by the transducer. The recorded data is then processed and transformed into visual images that can be interpreted by a medical professional.

Ultrasonography is a non-invasive, painless, and safe procedure that does not use radiation like other imaging techniques such as CT scans or X-rays. It is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions in various parts of the body, including the abdomen, pelvis, heart, blood vessels, and musculoskeletal system.

Ultrasonics is a branch of physics and acoustics that deals with the study and application of sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper limit of human hearing, typically 20 kilohertz or above. In the field of medicine, ultrasonics is commonly used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications through the use of medical ultrasound.

Diagnostic medical ultrasound, also known as sonography, uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of internal organs, tissues, and bodily structures. A transducer probe emits and receives sound waves that bounce off body structures and reflect back to the probe, creating echoes that are then processed into an image. This technology is widely used in various medical specialties, such as obstetrics and gynecology, cardiology, radiology, and vascular medicine, to diagnose a range of conditions and monitor the health of organs and tissues.

Therapeutic ultrasound, on the other hand, uses lower-frequency sound waves to generate heat within body tissues, promoting healing, increasing local blood flow, and reducing pain and inflammation. This modality is often used in physical therapy and rehabilitation settings to treat soft tissue injuries, joint pain, and musculoskeletal disorders.

In summary, ultrasonics in medicine refers to the use of high-frequency sound waves for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, providing valuable information about internal body structures and facilitating healing processes.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a medical procedure that records electrical activity in the brain. It uses small, metal discs called electrodes, which are attached to the scalp with paste or a specialized cap. These electrodes detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity of brain cells, and the EEG machine then amplifies and records these signals.

EEG is used to diagnose various conditions related to the brain, such as seizures, sleep disorders, head injuries, infections, and degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. It can also be used during surgery to monitor brain activity and ensure that surgical procedures do not interfere with vital functions.

EEG is a safe and non-invasive procedure that typically takes about 30 minutes to an hour to complete, although longer recordings may be necessary in some cases. Patients are usually asked to relax and remain still during the test, as movement can affect the quality of the recording.

An algorithm is not a medical term, but rather a concept from computer science and mathematics. In the context of medicine, algorithms are often used to describe step-by-step procedures for diagnosing or managing medical conditions. These procedures typically involve a series of rules or decision points that help healthcare professionals make informed decisions about patient care.

For example, an algorithm for diagnosing a particular type of heart disease might involve taking a patient's medical history, performing a physical exam, ordering certain diagnostic tests, and interpreting the results in a specific way. By following this algorithm, healthcare professionals can ensure that they are using a consistent and evidence-based approach to making a diagnosis.

Algorithms can also be used to guide treatment decisions. For instance, an algorithm for managing diabetes might involve setting target blood sugar levels, recommending certain medications or lifestyle changes based on the patient's individual needs, and monitoring the patient's response to treatment over time.

Overall, algorithms are valuable tools in medicine because they help standardize clinical decision-making and ensure that patients receive high-quality care based on the latest scientific evidence.

Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time, often expressed as beats per minute (bpm). It can vary significantly depending on factors such as age, physical fitness, emotions, and overall health status. A resting heart rate between 60-100 bpm is generally considered normal for adults, but athletes and individuals with high levels of physical fitness may have a resting heart rate below 60 bpm due to their enhanced cardiovascular efficiency. Monitoring heart rate can provide valuable insights into an individual's health status, exercise intensity, and response to various treatments or interventions.

Spectrum analysis in the context of Raman spectroscopy refers to the measurement and interpretation of the Raman scattering spectrum of a material or sample. Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical technique that uses the inelastic scattering of light to examine the vibrational modes of molecules.

When a monochromatic light source, typically a laser, illuminates a sample, a small fraction of the scattered light undergoes a shift in frequency due to interactions with the molecular vibrations of the sample. This shift in frequency is known as the Raman shift and is unique to each chemical bond or functional group within a molecule.

In a Raman spectrum, the intensity of the scattered light is plotted against the Raman shift, which is expressed in wavenumbers (cm-1). The resulting spectrum provides a "fingerprint" of the sample's molecular structure and composition, allowing for the identification and characterization of various chemical components within the sample.

Spectrum analysis in Raman spectroscopy can reveal valuable information about the sample's crystallinity, phase transitions, polymorphism, molecular orientation, and other properties. This technique is widely used across various fields, including materials science, chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals, and forensics, to analyze a diverse range of samples, from simple liquids and solids to complex biological tissues and nanomaterials.

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are a group of conditions that affect the development and functioning of the brain, leading to delays in many areas of development. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) has replaced the term "pervasive developmental disorders" with "autism spectrum disorder" and "other neurodevelopmental disorders."

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. The symptoms of ASD can range from mild to severe, and the condition affects approximately 1 in 54 children in the United States.

Other neurodevelopmental disorders that were previously classified as PDDs include:

1. Intellectual disability (ID): a condition characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disorder used to be referred to as "mental retardation."
2. Communication disorders: these are disorders that affect an individual's ability to communicate, including language disorders, speech sound disorders, and stuttering.
3. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
4. Specific learning disorder: a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual's ability to learn and use specific academic skills, such as reading, writing, or mathematics.
5. Motor disorders: these are disorders that affect an individual's movement and coordination, including developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and tic disorders.

The medical definition of 'Child Development Disorders, Pervasive' has been replaced with more specific diagnoses in the DSM-5 to better reflect the diverse nature of these conditions and improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning.

A laser is not a medical term per se, but a physical concept that has important applications in medicine. The term "LASER" stands for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation." It refers to a device that produces and amplifies light with specific characteristics, such as monochromaticity (single wavelength), coherence (all waves moving in the same direction), and high intensity.

In medicine, lasers are used for various therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, including surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, and dentistry. They can be used to cut, coagulate, or vaporize tissues with great precision, minimizing damage to surrounding structures. Additionally, lasers can be used to detect and measure physiological parameters, such as blood flow and oxygen saturation.

It's important to note that while lasers are powerful tools in medicine, they must be used by trained professionals to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Heme is not a medical term per se, but it is a term used in the field of medicine and biology. Heme is a prosthetic group found in hemoproteins, which are proteins that contain a heme iron complex. This complex plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including oxygen transport (in hemoglobin), electron transfer (in cytochromes), and chemical catalysis (in peroxidases and catalases).

The heme group consists of an organic component called a porphyrin ring, which binds to a central iron atom. The iron atom can bind or release electrons, making it essential for redox reactions in the body. Heme is also vital for the formation of hemoglobin and myoglobin, proteins responsible for oxygen transport and storage in the blood and muscles, respectively.

In summary, heme is a complex organic-inorganic structure that plays a critical role in several biological processes, particularly in electron transfer and oxygen transport.

Medical definitions generally refer to terms and concepts within the medical field. The term "metal nanoparticles" is more commonly used in materials science, chemistry, and physics. However, I can provide a general scientific definition that could be relevant to medical applications:

Metal nanoparticles are tiny particles with at least one dimension ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm), composed of metals or metal compounds. They have unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties due to their small size and high surface-to-volume ratio, making them useful in various fields, including medical research. In medicine, metal nanoparticles can be used in drug delivery systems, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications such as photothermal therapy and radiation therapy. Examples of metals used for nanoparticle synthesis include gold, silver, and iron.

Microscopy is a technical field in medicine that involves the use of microscopes to observe structures and phenomena that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. It allows for the examination of samples such as tissues, cells, and microorganisms at high magnifications, enabling the detection and analysis of various medical conditions, including infections, diseases, and cellular abnormalities.

There are several types of microscopy used in medicine, including:

1. Light Microscopy: This is the most common type of microscopy, which uses visible light to illuminate and magnify samples. It can be used to examine a wide range of biological specimens, such as tissue sections, blood smears, and bacteria.
2. Electron Microscopy: This type of microscopy uses a beam of electrons instead of light to produce highly detailed images of samples. It is often used in research settings to study the ultrastructure of cells and tissues.
3. Fluorescence Microscopy: This technique involves labeling specific molecules within a sample with fluorescent dyes, allowing for their visualization under a microscope. It can be used to study protein interactions, gene expression, and cell signaling pathways.
4. Confocal Microscopy: This type of microscopy uses a laser beam to scan a sample point by point, producing high-resolution images with reduced background noise. It is often used in medical research to study the structure and function of cells and tissues.
5. Scanning Probe Microscopy: This technique involves scanning a sample with a physical probe, allowing for the measurement of topography, mechanical properties, and other characteristics at the nanoscale. It can be used in medical research to study the structure and function of individual molecules and cells.

Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet (UV-Vis) is a type of spectrophotometry that measures how much ultraviolet (UV) and visible light is absorbed or transmitted by a sample. It uses a device called a spectrophotometer to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths as it passes through a sample. The resulting data can be used to determine the concentration of specific components within the sample, identify unknown substances, or evaluate the physical and chemical properties of materials.

UV-Vis spectroscopy is widely used in various fields such as chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals, and environmental science. It can detect a wide range of substances including organic compounds, metal ions, proteins, nucleic acids, and dyes. The technique is non-destructive, meaning that the sample remains unchanged after the measurement.

In UV-Vis spectroscopy, the sample is placed in a cuvette or other container, and light from a source is directed through it. The light then passes through a monochromator, which separates it into its component wavelengths. The monochromatic light is then directed through the sample, and the intensity of the transmitted or absorbed light is measured by a detector.

The resulting absorption spectrum can provide information about the concentration and identity of the components in the sample. For example, if a compound has a known absorption maximum at a specific wavelength, its concentration can be determined by measuring the absorbance at that wavelength and comparing it to a standard curve.

Overall, UV-Vis spectrophotometry is a versatile and powerful analytical technique for quantitative and qualitative analysis of various samples in different fields.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Silver" is not a medical term. It is a chemical element with the symbol Ag and atomic number 47. Silver is a soft, white, lustrous transition metal that occurs in its pure, free form (native silver) as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.

In the medical field, silver compounds have been used for their antimicrobial properties. For example, silver sulfadiazine is a common topical cream used to prevent or treat wound infections. Colloidal silver, a suspension of silver particles in a liquid, has also been promoted as a dietary supplement and alternative treatment for various conditions, but its effectiveness and safety are not well-established.

Spectrophotometry is a technical analytical method used in the field of medicine and science to measure the amount of light absorbed or transmitted by a substance at specific wavelengths. This technique involves the use of a spectrophotometer, an instrument that measures the intensity of light as it passes through a sample.

In medical applications, spectrophotometry is often used in laboratory settings to analyze various biological samples such as blood, urine, and tissues. For example, it can be used to measure the concentration of specific chemicals or compounds in a sample by measuring the amount of light that is absorbed or transmitted at specific wavelengths.

In addition, spectrophotometry can also be used to assess the properties of biological tissues, such as their optical density and thickness. This information can be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions, including skin disorders, eye diseases, and cancer.

Overall, spectrophotometry is a valuable tool for medical professionals and researchers seeking to understand the composition and properties of various biological samples and tissues.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question. Gold is typically a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions.

However, if you are referring to "Gold" in the context of medical terminology, it may refer to:

1. Gold salts: These are a group of compounds that contain gold and are used in medicine for their anti-inflammatory properties. They have been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, although they have largely been replaced by newer drugs with fewer side effects.
2. Gold implants: In some cases, a small amount of gold may be surgically implanted into the eye to treat conditions such as age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy. The gold helps to hold the retina in place and can improve vision in some patients.
3. Gold thread embedment: This is an alternative therapy used in traditional Chinese medicine, where gold threads are embedded into the skin or acupuncture points for therapeutic purposes. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support its effectiveness.

I hope this information helps! If you have any further questions, please let me know.

Protein conformation refers to the specific three-dimensional shape that a protein molecule assumes due to the spatial arrangement of its constituent amino acid residues and their associated chemical groups. This complex structure is determined by several factors, including covalent bonds (disulfide bridges), hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and ionic bonds, which help stabilize the protein's unique conformation.

Protein conformations can be broadly classified into two categories: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures. The primary structure represents the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The secondary structure arises from local interactions between adjacent amino acid residues, leading to the formation of recurring motifs such as α-helices and β-sheets. Tertiary structure refers to the overall three-dimensional folding pattern of a single polypeptide chain, while quaternary structure describes the spatial arrangement of multiple folded polypeptide chains (subunits) that interact to form a functional protein complex.

Understanding protein conformation is crucial for elucidating protein function, as the specific three-dimensional shape of a protein directly influences its ability to interact with other molecules, such as ligands, nucleic acids, or other proteins. Any alterations in protein conformation due to genetic mutations, environmental factors, or chemical modifications can lead to loss of function, misfolding, aggregation, and disease states like neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.

In the context of medicine and physiology, vibration refers to the mechanical oscillation of a physical body or substance with a periodic back-and-forth motion around an equilibrium point. This motion can be produced by external forces or internal processes within the body.

Vibration is often measured in terms of frequency (the number of cycles per second) and amplitude (the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position). In clinical settings, vibration perception tests are used to assess peripheral nerve function and diagnose conditions such as neuropathy.

Prolonged exposure to whole-body vibration or hand-transmitted vibration in certain occupational settings can also have adverse health effects, including hearing loss, musculoskeletal disorders, and vascular damage.

Microspectrophotometry (MSP) is a microanalytical technique that combines microspectroscopy and photometry to measure the absorption, reflection, or fluorescence spectra of extremely small samples, typically in the range of micrometers to sub-micrometers. This technique is often used in biomedical research and clinical settings for the analysis of cellular and subcellular structures, such as organelles, inclusion bodies, and single molecules.

MSP can provide detailed information about the chemical composition, molecular structure, and spatial distribution of biological samples, making it a valuable tool for studying various physiological and pathological processes, including gene expression, protein function, and cell-cell interactions. Additionally, MSP has been used in diagnostic applications to identify abnormalities in tissues and cells, such as cancerous or precancerous lesions, and to monitor the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.

The technique involves using a microscope equipped with a high-resolution objective lens and a spectrophotometer to measure the intensity of light transmitted through or reflected from a sample at different wavelengths. The resulting spectra can be used to identify specific chemical components or molecular structures based on their characteristic absorption, reflection, or fluorescence patterns.

MSP is a powerful tool for studying biological systems at the microscopic level and has contributed significantly to our understanding of cellular and molecular biology. However, it requires specialized equipment and expertise to perform and interpret the data, making it a relatively complex and sophisticated technique.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) is a term used to describe a range of effects that can occur in an individual whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. These effects may include physical, mental, and behavioral abnormalities, and can vary in severity and combination from one individual to another.

The four diagnostic categories within FASD are:

1. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): This is the most severe form of FASD and is characterized by a specific pattern of facial features, growth deficiencies, and central nervous system dysfunction.
2. Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (pFAS): This category includes individuals who have some, but not all, of the features of FAS.
3. Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND): This category includes individuals who have functional or cognitive impairments due to prenatal alcohol exposure, but do not meet the criteria for FAS or pFAS.
4. Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD): This category includes individuals who have physical birth defects due to prenatal alcohol exposure.

It is important to note that FASD is a completely preventable condition, and there is no known safe amount or safe time to drink alcohol during pregnancy.

A Schiff base is not a medical term per se, but rather a chemical concept that can be relevant in various scientific and medical fields. A Schiff base is a chemical compound that contains a carbon-nitrogen double bond with the nitrogen atom connected to an aryl or alkyl group, excluding hydrogen. This structure is also known as an azomethine.

The general formula for a Schiff base is R1R2C=NR3, where R1 and R2 are organic groups (aryl or alkyl), and R3 is a hydrogen atom or an organic group. These compounds can be synthesized by the condensation of a primary amine with a carbonyl compound, such as an aldehyde or ketone.

Schiff bases have been studied in various medical and biological contexts due to their potential bioactivities. Some Schiff bases exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. They can also serve as ligands for metal ions, forming complexes with potential applications in medicinal chemistry, such as in the development of new drugs or diagnostic agents.

Autistic Disorder, also known as Autism or Classic Autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. It is characterized by:

1. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including:
* Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity;
* Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction;
* Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships.
2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following:
* Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech;
* Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior;
* Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus;
* Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.
3. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities) and limit or impair everyday functioning.
4. Symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder or other psychotic disorders.

Autistic Disorder is part of the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which also include Asperger's Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). The current diagnostic term for this category of conditions, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Myoglobin is a protein found in the muscle tissue, particularly in red or skeletal muscles. It belongs to the globin family and has a similar structure to hemoglobin, another oxygen-binding protein found in red blood cells. Myoglobin's primary function is to store oxygen within the muscle cells, making it readily available for use during periods of increased oxygen demand, such as during physical exertion.

Myoglobin contains heme groups that bind to and release oxygen molecules. The protein has a higher affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin, allowing it to maintain its bound oxygen even in low-oxygen environments. When muscle cells are damaged or undergo necrosis (cell death), myoglobin is released into the bloodstream and can be detected in serum or urine samples. Elevated levels of myoglobin in the blood or urine may indicate muscle injury, trauma, or diseases affecting muscle integrity, such as rhabdomyolysis or muscular dystrophies.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to hemoglobic animals when encountered in concentrations above about 35 ppm. This compound is a product of incomplete combustion of organic matter, and is a major component of automobile exhaust.

Carbon monoxide is poisonous because it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells much more strongly than oxygen does, forming carboxyhemoglobin. This prevents the transport of oxygen throughout the body, which can lead to suffocation and death. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and disorientation. Prolonged exposure can lead to unconsciousness and death.

Carbon monoxide detectors are commonly used in homes and other buildings to alert occupants to the presence of this dangerous gas. It is important to ensure that these devices are functioning properly and that they are placed in appropriate locations throughout the building. Additionally, it is essential to maintain appliances and heating systems to prevent the release of carbon monoxide into living spaces.

Spectrophotometry, Infrared is a scientific analytical technique used to measure the absorption or transmission of infrared light by a sample. It involves the use of an infrared spectrophotometer, which directs infrared radiation through a sample and measures the intensity of the radiation that is transmitted or absorbed by the sample at different wavelengths within the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Infrared spectroscopy can be used to identify and quantify functional groups and chemical bonds present in a sample, as well as to study the molecular structure and composition of materials. The resulting infrared spectrum provides a unique "fingerprint" of the sample, which can be compared with reference spectra to aid in identification and characterization.

Infrared spectrophotometry is widely used in various fields such as chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals, forensics, and materials science for qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples.

Radiation scattering is a physical process in which radiation particles or waves deviate from their original direction due to interaction with matter. This phenomenon can occur through various mechanisms such as:

1. Elastic Scattering: Also known as Thomson scattering or Rayleigh scattering, it occurs when the energy of the scattered particle or wave remains unchanged after the collision. In the case of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light), this results in a change of direction without any loss of energy.
2. Inelastic Scattering: This type of scattering involves an exchange of energy between the scattered particle and the target medium, leading to a change in both direction and energy of the scattered particle or wave. An example is Compton scattering, where high-energy photons (e.g., X-rays or gamma rays) interact with charged particles (usually electrons), resulting in a decrease in photon energy and an increase in electron kinetic energy.
3. Coherent Scattering: In this process, the scattered radiation maintains its phase relationship with the incident radiation, leading to constructive and destructive interference patterns. An example is Bragg scattering, which occurs when X-rays interact with a crystal lattice, resulting in diffraction patterns that reveal information about the crystal structure.

In medical contexts, radiation scattering can have both beneficial and harmful effects. For instance, in diagnostic imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) scans, radiation scattering contributes to image noise and reduces contrast resolution. However, in radiation therapy for cancer treatment, controlled scattering of therapeutic radiation beams can help ensure that the tumor receives a uniform dose while minimizing exposure to healthy tissues.

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a type of infrared spectroscopy that uses the Fourier transform mathematical technique to convert the raw data obtained from an interferometer into a more interpretable spectrum. This technique allows for the simultaneous collection of a wide range of wavelengths, resulting in increased sensitivity and speed compared to traditional dispersive infrared spectroscopy.

FTIR spectroscopy measures the absorption or transmission of infrared radiation by a sample as a function of frequency, providing information about the vibrational modes of the molecules present in the sample. This can be used for identification and quantification of chemical compounds, analysis of molecular structure, and investigation of chemical interactions and reactions.

In summary, FTIR spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique that uses infrared radiation to study the vibrational properties of molecules, with increased sensitivity and speed due to the use of Fourier transform mathematical techniques and an interferometer.

Molecular structure, in the context of biochemistry and molecular biology, refers to the arrangement and organization of atoms and chemical bonds within a molecule. It describes the three-dimensional layout of the constituent elements, including their spatial relationships, bond lengths, and angles. Understanding molecular structure is crucial for elucidating the functions and reactivities of biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Various experimental techniques, like X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), are employed to determine molecular structures at atomic resolution, providing valuable insights into their biological roles and potential therapeutic targets.

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy, also known as Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy, is a technique used to investigate materials with unpaired electrons. It is based on the principle of absorption of energy by the unpaired electrons when they are exposed to an external magnetic field and microwave radiation.

In this technique, a sample is placed in a magnetic field and microwave radiation is applied. The unpaired electrons in the sample absorb energy and change their spin state when the energy of the microwaves matches the energy difference between the spin states. This absorption of energy is recorded as a function of the magnetic field strength, producing an ESR spectrum.

ESR spectroscopy can provide information about the number, type, and behavior of unpaired electrons in a sample, as well as the local environment around the electron. It is widely used in physics, chemistry, and biology to study materials such as free radicals, transition metal ions, and defects in solids.

Circular dichroism (CD) is a technique used in physics and chemistry to study the structure of molecules, particularly large biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. It measures the difference in absorption of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light by a sample. This difference in absorption can provide information about the three-dimensional structure of the molecule, including its chirality or "handedness."

In more technical terms, CD is a form of spectroscopy that measures the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized light as a function of wavelength. The CD signal is measured in units of millidegrees (mdeg) and can be positive or negative, depending on the type of chromophore and its orientation within the molecule.

CD spectra can provide valuable information about the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins, as well as the conformation of nucleic acids. For example, alpha-helical proteins typically exhibit a strong positive band near 190 nm and two negative bands at around 208 nm and 222 nm, while beta-sheet proteins show a strong positive band near 195 nm and two negative bands at around 217 nm and 175 nm.

CD spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying the structural changes that occur in biological molecules under different conditions, such as temperature, pH, or the presence of ligands or other molecules. It can also be used to monitor the folding and unfolding of proteins, as well as the binding of drugs or other small molecules to their targets.

Oxidation-Reduction (redox) reactions are a type of chemical reaction involving a transfer of electrons between two species. The substance that loses electrons in the reaction is oxidized, and the substance that gains electrons is reduced. Oxidation and reduction always occur together in a redox reaction, hence the term "oxidation-reduction."

In biological systems, redox reactions play a crucial role in many cellular processes, including energy production, metabolism, and signaling. The transfer of electrons in these reactions is often facilitated by specialized molecules called electron carriers, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD/FADH2).

The oxidation state of an element in a compound is a measure of the number of electrons that have been gained or lost relative to its neutral state. In redox reactions, the oxidation state of one or more elements changes as they gain or lose electrons. The substance that is oxidized has a higher oxidation state, while the substance that is reduced has a lower oxidation state.

Overall, oxidation-reduction reactions are fundamental to the functioning of living organisms and are involved in many important biological processes.

Medical Definition of Optical Fibers:

Optical fibers are thin, transparent strands of glass or plastic fiber that are designed to transmit light along their length. In the medical field, optical fibers are used in various applications such as illumination, imaging, and data transmission. For instance, they are used in flexible endoscopes to provide illumination and visualization inside the body during diagnostic or surgical procedures. They are also used in optical communication systems for transmitting information in the form of light signals within medical devices or between medical facilities. The use of optical fibers allows for minimally invasive procedures, improved image quality, and increased data transmission rates.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "photochemistry" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Photochemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical effects of light. It involves the absorption of light by a substance, which can lead to the promotion of an electron to a higher energy state, and subsequently result in various chemical reactions.

In a medical context, photochemical processes might be discussed in relation to certain therapies or diagnostic techniques, such as photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment, where a photosensitizing agent is used that reacts with light to produce singlet oxygen or other reactive species to destroy nearby cells. However, it's not a term used to define a specific medical condition or concept in the same way that one might define "inflammation" or "metabolism."

3.0.CO;2-T. Dybal, J.; Krimm, S. (1990). "Normal-mode analysis of infrared and Raman spectra of crystalline isotactic poly( ... In cases of limited resolution, stochastic methods such as Bernoullian or Markovian analysis may also be used to fit the ... Paukkeri, R; Vaananen, T; Lehtinen, A (1993). "Microstructural analysis of polypropylenes produced with heterogeneous Ziegler- ... Surface and Interface Analysis. 25: 41-45. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9918(199701)25:1. ...
"Mineralogical analyses of surface sediments in the Antarctic Dry Valleys: coordinated analyses of Raman spectra, reflectance ... spectra and elemental abundances". Philos Trans Royal Soc A. 372 (2030). Bibcode:2014RSPTA.37240198B. doi:10.1098/rsta. ...
... thus allowing measurement and analysis of their Raman spectra. Cathodoluminescence (CL) - light emission excited by electron ... are frequently seen in CNT Raman spectra. However, they are less important and are not considered here. All the above Raman ... For example, Raman spectra are extremely difficult to measure from dyes because of their strong PL (efficiency close to 100%). ... 2006). "Vibrational Analysis of Organic Molecules Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotubes by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy". ...
Raman spectroscopy employs the Raman effect for substances analysis. The spectrum of the Raman-scattered light depends on the ... At high pumping levels in long fibers, higher-order Raman spectra can be generated by using the Raman spectrum as a new ... The spectrum of the scattered photons is termed the Raman spectrum. It shows the intensity of the scattered light as a function ... Nonlinear optics Raman laser Raman spectroscopy Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RR) Scattering Surface Enhanced Raman ...
They also showed that the analysis for the Raman spectra of SWNTs is consistent with general understanding on Raman analysis of ... reinterpreted SWNTs to be a graphene helix via Raman spectroscopy, showing that the typical Raman spectrum for SWNTs is the ... "Reinterpretation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Raman Spectroscopy". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. xx (22): 14003- ... signature of their helical structure with density functional theory simulation and structure analysis for hydrogenated and ...
... thus allowing measurement and analysis of their Raman spectra. Squaric acid Sprenger, H. E. & Ziegenbein, W. (1966). " ... 2006). "Vibrational Analysis of Organic Molecules Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotubes by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy". Jpn. J ...
Multivariate analysis of Raman spectra has enabled development of a quantitative measure for wound healing progress. Spatially ... resonance Raman, tip-enhanced Raman, polarized Raman, stimulated Raman, transmission Raman, spatially-offset Raman, and hyper ... and λ1 is the Raman spectrum wavelength. Most commonly, the unit chosen for expressing wavenumber in Raman spectra is inverse ... Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for this discovery. The first observation of Raman spectra in gases was in 1929 by ...
Beginning with his dissertation work on Raman spectroscopy, he worked on the analysis of vibrational spectra of cyclic ... He was a co-author of Course Notes on the Interpretation of Infrared and Raman Spectra (2004). He co-edited Spectrochimica Acta ... Among other publications, he co-authored the books Course Notes on the Interpretation of Infrared and Raman Spectra (2004) and ... His dissertation was The raman spectra of pyrrole and some of its deuterium derivatives. Miller held a post-doctoral fellowship ...
It has been developed mainly aiming to Raman spectra analysis, but since it works with 2-columns datafiles (Intensity vs ... Raman Tool Set is a free software package for processing and analysis of Raman spectroscopy datasets. ... Beyond the spectra preprocessing steps, such as baseline subtraction, normalization of spectra, smoothing and scaling, Raman ... independent component analysis (ICA) and cluster analysis. Raman Tool Set is currently developed at BioNEM Lab of the ...
... raman spectrum analysis MeSH H01.671.799 - rheology MeSH H01.671.799.193 - hemorheology MeSH H01.671.799.387 - laser-doppler ... discriminant analysis MeSH H01.548.832.373 - statistical factor analysis MeSH H01.548.832.475 - matched-pair analysis MeSH ... cluster analysis MeSH H01.548.832.266.675 - small-area analysis MeSH H01.548.832.266.750 - space-time clustering MeSH H01.548. ... finite element analysis MeSH H01.548.386 - fourier analysis MeSH H01.548.438 - fractals MeSH H01.548.490 - game theory MeSH ...
Raman was Director and with the facilities provided there, they further extended their work on analysis of spectra in the ... Raman scattering, Fluorescence and Phosphorescence and Crystal Spectra. He also reached the level of construction of microwave ... A.Fowler at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London in 1930 in Atomic Spectra for two years for which he was ... Some of his initial publications are given below On the spectra of the metals of the aluminium sub-group, Proceedings of the ...
... spectrum analysis, raman MeSH E05.196.922.250 - colorimetry MeSH E05.196.922.375 - complement hemolytic activity assay MeSH ... actuarial analysis MeSH E05.318.740.150 - analysis of variance MeSH E05.318.740.150.500 - multivariate analysis MeSH E05.318. ... sequence analysis, dna MeSH E05.393.760.700.300 - dna mutational analysis MeSH E05.393.760.705 - sequence analysis, protein ... discriminant analysis MeSH E05.318.740.400 - factor analysis, statistical MeSH E05.318.740.475 - matched-pair analysis MeSH ...
"Infrared and Raman spectra of the hexaaquaruthenium ions: normal-coordinate analysis for Ru ( H 2 O ) 6 2 + {\displaystyle {\ce ... Handbook of Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic Compounds and Organic Salts: Infrared Spectra of Inorganic Compounds. ... Ananthanarayanan, V. (1961). "Raman spectra of crystalline double sulphates". Zeitschrift für Physik. 163 (2): 144-157. Bibcode ... Ananthanarayanan, V. (June 1962). "Raman spectra of crystalline double sulphates Part II. Ammonium double sulphates". ...
To obtain a high resolution Raman micrograph/spectrum, the following conditions should be met: (1) the size of the aperture ... Theory and instrumentation of Raman/AFM and IR/AFM combine the theory of SPR (AFM and NSOM) and Raman scattering, and this ... which is the reason why the AFM-Raman combination is preferred for realizing Raman-NSOM. The main drawback of the aperture mode ... The combination of Raman scattering and NSOM techniques was first realized in 1995, when it was used for imaging a Rb-doped KTP ...
McCullough, R.L.; Jones, L.H.; Crosby, G.A. (January 1960). "An analysis of the vibrational spectrum of the tetracyanonickelate ... Raman Spectroscopy, and Structural Characterization of Actinide Tetracyanometallates". Inorganic Chemistry. 52 (9): 4880-4889. ...
"Radio frequency-microwave double resonance as a tool in the analysis of microwave spectra". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. ... "The preparation and Raman spectroscopic study of the chlorotetrafluorosilicate (IV) ion, SiF4Cl−". Journal of Molecular ... doi:10.1016/0022-2852(71)90176-7. Sheridan, John; Gordy, Walter (March 1950). "Microwave Spectra and Molecular Constants of ... Hasegawa, Akinori; Uchimura, Schunichiro; Koseki, Kohji; Hayashi, Michiro (January 1978). "ESR spectrum and structure of the ...
The acquisition of a large number of such single-shot spectra also has a critical role in these analyses. This measurement ... Such a soliton has short duration and high peak intensity, and Raman scattering ensures that it is also redshifted relative to ... By applying a correlation analysis between the redshifted output energy and the input noise, it was observed that a particular ... Third-order dispersion and Raman scattering play a central role in the generation of large redshifts, and turbulence treats the ...
When multi-variate techniques, such as principal component analysis are used, it is necessary to take several spectra at varied ... Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a variant of Raman spectroscopy that allows highly accurate chemical analysis of ... Raman spectroscopy relies on inelastic scattering events of monochromatic light to produce a spectrum characteristic of a ... The two spectra can be subtracted using a scaled subtraction to produce two spectra representing the subsurface and surface ...
Analysis of its spectrum leads to a determination that the torsional barrier is only 6 cm−1 (1.2×10−22 J or 72 J mol−1). ... the Molecular Symmetry Group G36 shows that one would need to analyse its high resolution rotation-vibration Raman spectrum to ...
By using Raman microspectroscopy, in vivo time- and space-resolved Raman spectra of microscopic regions of samples can be ... Both analysis methods are then performed automatically at the same sample location. The obtained SEM and Raman images can then ... Common examples of correlative microscopy techniques are Raman-AFM, Raman-SNOM, and Raman-SEM. Correlative SEM-Raman imaging is ... By using Raman microspectroscopy, in vivo time- and space-resolved Raman spectra of microscopic regions of samples can be ...
... and Raman spectra), although its application is not limited to spectroscopy. 2D correlation analysis is frequently used for its ... The original spectra are compared to a reference spectrum. By subtracting a reference spectrum, often the average spectrum of ... The measured signals or spectra will show systematic variations that are processed with 2D correlation analysis for ... Hence, interpretation begins with studying the autocorrelation spectrum on the main diagonal of the 2D synchronous spectrum. In ...
Transmission Raman lends itself to rapid, non-invasive and non-destructive analysis of pharmaceutical dosage forms such as ... Analysing Raman spectra to produce assay results requires a method to separate the individual spectral components and correlate ... This is typically facilitated using chemometric analysis methods. Transmission Raman spectroscopy can be used as a process ... The use of Raman spectroscopy in medical applications has been limited to depths of hundreds of micrometres (confocal Raman). ...
Various molecular properties: IR, Raman, VCD, UV, XAS spectra; NMR and EPR (ESR) parameters. Solvent and environmental effects ... Many chemical analysis tools (energy decomposition analysis, transfer integrals, (partial) density of states, etc.) Periodic ...
... vibrational spectroscopy gaining Raman spectra obtained by use of a Renishaw RM 1000 system, (equipped with Leica DMLM series ... Results of the analyses were presented to IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (2001-027) during 2001. The ... Using a combination of X-ray diffraction, with analysis using a 100 mm diameter Guinier-Ha gg camera (using Cr-Kα1 radiation (l ... to perform the required tests and analyses in order to determine the nature, and properties of this (then) new mineral. ...
The analysis of vibronic spectra of diatomic molecules provides information concerning both the ground electronic state and the ... This is the same process that occurs in resonance Raman spectroscopy. For example, in formaldehyde (methanal), H2CO, the n → π ... Satten, Robert A.; Young, Donald; Gruen, Dieter M. (1960). "Preliminary Analysis of U4+ Ion Spectra in Crystals". J. Chem. Phys ... The emission spectrum is more complicated than the absorption spectrum of the same molecule because there are more changes in ...
Raman spectroscopy is a method of chemical analysis that is non-destructive. The analysis provides detailed information about ... Meyrowitzite's Raman spectroscopy was conducted on a Horiba XploRA PLUS. The spectrum was recorded using a 785 nm diode laser ... Meryrowitzites spectrum is similar to that of Zellerites. However, Meyrowitzite's spectrum has a larger number of bands ... Chemical Analysis of Meyrowitzite was performed on a Cameca SX-50 electron microprobe with four wavelength-dispersive ...
For analysis by mass spectrometry, the analytes must be imparted with a charge and transferred to the gas phase. Electron ... These measurements may be digitized spectra, or a list of metabolite features. In its simplest form, this generates a matrix ... Raman spectroscopy and radiolabel (when combined with thin-layer chromatography).[citation needed] The data generated in ... "Real-time analysis of metabolic products". phys.org. Retrieved May 20, 2020. Oliver SG, Winson MK, Kell DB, Baganz F (September ...
... (LSSA) is a method of estimating a frequency spectrum based on a least-squares fit of sinusoids ... Korenberg, Michael J.; Brenan, Colin J. H.; Hunter, Ian W. (1997). "Raman Spectral Estimation via Fast Orthogonal Search". The ... Frequency-domain analysis, Harmonic analysis, Iterative methods, Least squares, Linear algebra, Mathematical analysis, ... Scargle, J. D. (1982). "Studies in astronomical time series analysis. II - Statistical aspects of spectral analysis of unevenly ...
The spectrum alone is not, however, a specific test for any given sample. The nature of the solvent, the pH of the solution, ... This method of analysis relies on the fact that concentration is linearly proportional to concentration. In the same approach ... Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of stereoisomers Infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are other common spectroscopic ... From the spectrum of burning gases, it is possible to determine a chemical composition of a fuel, temperature of gases, and air ...
The high amount of S-S bonds makes the copolymer highly IR-inactive in the near and mid-infrared spectrum. As a consequence, ... As shown by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the copolymer thermal stability increases with the amount of added crosslinker; ... and the presence of the C-S bonds was detected through Infrared or Raman spectroscopies. ... Bastian, Ernest J.; Martin, R. Bruce (April 1973). "Disulfide vibrational spectra in the sulfur-sulfur and carbon-sulfur ...
We describe a software package, ART (Analysis for Raman Temperatures), that analyzes Raman spectra of air for temperature and ... REAL-TIME ANALYSIS OF RAMAN SPECTRA FOR TEMPERATURE FIELD CHARACTERIZATION IN AIRCRAFT EXHAUST NOISE STUDIES. ... which automates the acquisition and analysis of tunable laser absorption spectra. ... Raman scattering has long been used as a non-intrusive diagnostic of temperatures in combustion exhaust flows, using a variety ...
ROA spectrum.. The development of the analysis of ROA spectra has largely been based upon. the correlation of ROA spectra of ... Syme, Christopher D. (2002) The analysis of Raman optical activity spectra of proteins. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow. ... Measurement of the Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra of biomolecules. has become an experimental possibility due to ... for the analysis of this new data. It is hoped that the result of this work will provide a. basis for the future analysis of ...
Fourier-Transform infrared and Fourier-Transform Raman spectra of 2-methoxy-4- nitroaniline(2M4NA) was recorded in the region ... Molecular structure, FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra and HOMOLUMO analysis of 2-methoxy-4-nitroaniline using ab initio HF and DFT ( ... Fourier-Transform infrared and Fourier-Transform Raman spectra of 2-methoxy-4- nitroaniline(2M4NA) was recorded in the region ... The study is extended to the HOMO - LUMO analysis to calculate the energy gap, ionization potential, electron affinity, global ...
Raman spectra and vibrational analysis of the trioctahedral mica phlogopite. David A. Mckeown, Michael I. Bell, Edgar S. Etz ... Raman spectra were measured and normal mode calculations were performed for phlogopite. Calculated fundamental mode frequencies ... Spectra of olivine glasses and metamict zircon more closely resemble the α-quartz spec-trum than their crystalline analogs. In ... struc-ture analysis suggests that no B exists in tetrahedral coordination in these samples. Analysis of cation ordering between ...
Raman images clearly demonstrated that damaging intracellular ice formation was observed more often in the presence of single ... Cell response was determined using low temperature Raman Spectroscopy and variation in post-thaw recovery with composition was ... Raman image/spectra analysis. Raman images were generated by integrating spectrums at each pixel based on characteristic ... e) Raman spectra of cell section with IIF. The arrow indicates Raman signal of ice crystal. (f) Raman spectra of cell section ...
Here we introduce a platform that combines deuterium oxide (D,sub,2,/sub,O) probing with stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) ... Within the broad vibrational spectra of C-D bonds, we discover lipid-, protein-, and DNA-specific Raman shifts and develop ... Here we introduce a platform that combines deuterium oxide (D2O) probing with stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) microscopy ...
Analysis and characterisation of Raman spectra Prof Sean Sweeney. Biology. Min neurons, the endosome regulates signals ... Structure function analysis of proteins relevant to (i) disease processes and drug discovery in parasites and (ii) cell fate ... Label-free methods; Biomolecular stratification; Biomarkers; Clinical translation; Raman spectroscopy Dr Andrew Holding. ... Ex situ and In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy; Bone and Teeth Structure; Composition and Properties; Raman Spectroscopy ...
... vibrational analyses of the laser Raman spectra of proteins; and the important demonstration by Raman spectroscopy that the ... namely the analysis of complex spectra, with some emphasis on qualitative and quantitative analysis of materials. ... Many rare earth and other complex spectra were studied in magnetic fields of up to 100,000 gauss, and new orders of magnetic ... This part of the spectrum had not been investigated hitherto in the Laboratory, but instrumental developments during World War ...
This proof-of-concept study presents Raman hyperspectroscopic analysis of blood serum as an easy, fast, non-expensive, and ... Cross-validation showed 95.2% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity for identifying diseased spectra. These results were verified ... method for diagnosing DMD which combines Raman hyperspectroscopic analysis of blood serum with advanced statistical analysis. ... Partial least squares discriminant analysis was applied to the spectral dataset acquired from blood serum of a mouse model of ...
3.0.CO;2-T. Dybal, J.; Krimm, S. (1990). "Normal-mode analysis of infrared and Raman spectra of crystalline isotactic poly( ... In cases of limited resolution, stochastic methods such as Bernoullian or Markovian analysis may also be used to fit the ... Paukkeri, R; Vaananen, T; Lehtinen, A (1993). "Microstructural analysis of polypropylenes produced with heterogeneous Ziegler- ... Surface and Interface Analysis. 25: 41-45. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9918(199701)25:1. ...
c Lateral dimension distribution analysis of TEM micrographs. d FTIR spectra. e TGA weight loss curves. f Normalised Raman ... Raman maps and spectra were recorded with a DXR™xi Raman microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK), using a 50× objective after ... To plot the Raman maps, an arbitrary colour scale was defined to describe the correlation between the acquired Raman spectra, ... by correlating the acquired Raman spectra to a reference spectrum obtained for either GO or MWCNT (Figure S2Cii, Supporting ...
Our results indicate previously unreported peaks in the Raman spectra that lie outside the conventional ... between diseased tissue and adjacent healthy controls from patients with head and neck cancer using near-infrared Raman ... ability to rapidly and accurately discriminate between healthy and malignant tissue offers surgeons a tool for in vivo analysis ... The measured Raman spectra were used as inputs for a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm. For our analysis we employed ...
PRELIMINARY-ANALYSIS OF THE PENTAD OF (CH-4)-C-13 FROM RAMAN AND INFRARED-SPECTRA JM JOUVARD, B LAVOREL, JP CHAMPION, LR BROWN ...
Chemometric analysis of Raman spectra of lactobacilli isolated from kefir. International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy ( ... Chemometric analysis of FTIR and Raman spectra of the S-layer proteins of Lactobacillus ... Multivariate analysis of FTIR and Raman spectra of lactobacilli isolated from kefir grains ... Chemometric analysis of FTIR and Raman spectra of lactobacilli isolated from kefir ...
We reconstructed the Raman spectra of the two layers, offering the potential for improved and quantitative material analysis. ... We reconstructed the Raman spectra of the two layers, offering the potential for improved and quantitative material analysis. ... Diffuse Raman spectroscopy (DIRS) extends the high chemical specificity of Raman scattering to in-depth investigation of thick ... Unlike spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) or frequency offset Raman spectroscopy (FORS), TD-DIRS exploits the time-of- ...
This tool performs principal component analysis for spectra (IR, Fluorescence, UV-Vis, Raman, etc.).. Features include:. *Study ... If a row in Spectra Data contains one or more missing values, the entire row will be excluded in the analysis. ... In the Input tab, choose input data for Spectra Data.. Each column should represent a samples spectrum.. You can also ... If you have XYYY data, choose all Y data for Spectra Data, and X data for Frequency/Wavelength in the Input tab. ...
Deconvolution analysis of murine derived long bone OB Raman spectra revealed collagen species were 4.01-fold higher in OBs ... Majed A, Thangarajah T, Southgate D, Reilly P, Bull A, Emery Ret al., 2019, Cortical thickness analysis of the proximal humerus ... Sharma A, Goring A, Staines KA, Emery RJH, Pitsillides AA, Oreffo ROC, Mahajan S, Clarkin CEet al., 2020, Raman spectroscopy ... Importantly, Raman spectroscopy could provide a label-free approach to clinically assess the angiogenic potential of bone ...
Figure 6: Results of multivariate data analysis of Raman spectra for 30 Hz milling experiments. Principal com... ... Figure 3: UV−vis spectra of DAG 6a (dotted line) and conjugated DAGs 10a and 10a as a mixture (10a/10a 72:2... ... Figure 3: Mass spectra of the different products of 3a. Red: peak off the molecular ion [M + H]+ of piperidin... ... Figure 2: A: IR spectra of the monomer BCMBP and NG-HCP showing a decrease of the C-Cl vibration after the re... ...
... and the Raman spectrometer Renishaw InVia Reflex (Renishaw plc, UK). Analysis of TEM images and Raman spectra showed that the ... An analysis of the results showed that the Youngs modulus of a VA CNT increases with the increase in its length. This fact can ... Analysis of the obtained STM image of the VA CNT array showed that individual nanotubes are not combined into bundles due to ... Analysis of the dependences showed that the curve of the penetration depth of the indenter into the array on the indentation ...
Analysis of the Raman spectrum shows that the stoichiometry of the nanoparticles is dependent on the starting stoichiometric ... The SERS Enhancement Factors (EF) were calculated by comparing the Raman spectra of 4-aminothiophenol adsorbed on the surface ... Our finding of Raman spectromicroscopy going intra-molecular and sub-nanometer may open up a new avenue to probe surface ... M50.00001: Single-molecule Raman mapping with sub-nm resolution. Invited Speaker: Zhenchao Dong Visualizing individual ...
Raman spectra, in conjunction with Multivariate (Chemometric) Analysis, have been demonstrated to provide real-time information ... Two parallel ways for data analysis have then been undertaken. The first is based on a mathematical deconvolution of the Raman ... Elemental Analysis * Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES) * Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission ... spectra were selected. The deconvolution operation of LabSpec provides a calculation of the contributions of each of these ...
Raman spectra, in conjunction with Multivariate (Chemometric) Analysis, have been demonstrated to provide real-time information ... The Raman spectra of elemental carbon materials are known to be sensitive to polymorphy. For hard carbon films, the spectra of ... Raman Imaging and Spectroscopy. Raman Spectroscopy is a non-destructive chemical analysis technique which provides detailed ... layer is calculated from the visible Raman spectrum and the strain of the cap Si layer is derived from the UV Raman spectrum. ...
... for anyone engaged in research in molecular spectroscopy focuses on the mathematics involved in detailed vibrational analyses ... The genius of the book is its rigorous, elegant treatment of the mathematics involved in detailed vibrational analyses of ... The Theory of Infrared and Raman Vibrational Spectra. Molecular Vibrations: The Theory of Infrared and Raman Vibrational ... Molecular Vibrations: The Theory of Infrared and Raman Vibrational Spectra. By: Paul C. Cross, E. Bright Wilson, Jr., J. C. ...
Raman spectra from carrot and melamine were successfully resolved for all three layered samples using self-modeling mixture ... analysis. The line-scan Raman imaging and spectroscopy platform provides a new tool for surface and subsurface inspection for ... Fluorescence-corrected images at selected Raman peak wavenumbers were used to view Raman-active analytes on the whole sample ... which can be configured for Raman chemical imaging (RCI) mode for surface inspection and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy ( ...
Mass spectrometry and Raman spectrum analysis confirm that allicin enters the cell rapidly and reacts with cysteine and ... FTIR and Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that treatment of C. jejuni, C. sakazakii, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and ... A global proteomic analysis was performed to determine the mechanism of the anti-H. pylori effect of DATS. The results of 2D ... The transcriptome analysis of C. sakazakii treated with ajoene showed that the NADH expression factor and nitrate reductase ...
Analysis of PL spectra revealed disorder/heterogeneity in the sample and indicated the existence of self-trapped excitons. PL ... Raman Spectra of Diphenylalanine Microtubes: Polarisation and Temperature Effects * OPTICAL ANISOTROPY AND ORIENTATION ORDER OF ... Raman Spectra of Diphenylalanine Microtubes: Polarisation and Temperature Effects * OPTICAL ANISOTROPY AND ORIENTATION ORDER OF ... The comprehensive Raman spectroscopy analysis in the present work not only validates the presence of the intermediate ...
... analysis of spectra obtained from multiple spots on dry samples showed that dry semen is heterogeneous and its Raman spectra ... so no single spectrum could effectively represent an experimental Raman spectrum of dry semen in a quantitative way. The ... Near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy was used to measure spectra of pure dried human semen samples from multiple donors in a ... The major chemical components that contributed to the Raman spectrum of semen were determined and used to tentatively identify ...
Advancing feature analysis and spectrum imaging in scanning electron microscopy. Register for this free webinar on advanced SEM ... Rethinking Raman imaging for advanced materials characterization. Register for this free webinar on Raman imaging. ... A new frontier in coatings analysis. Register for this free webinar on coatings analysis. ... Non-destructive surface analysis of composites and polymers by handheld FTIR. Register for this free webinar on non-destructive ...
Multiple Spectrum Analysis for Food Quality and Safety - A Special Issue published by Hindawi ... Spectrum analysis includes a variety of methods, such as UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), infrared spectroscopy (IR), Raman ... As technology develops, spectrum analysis has become the main method for the analysis and identification of compounds. ... This Special Issue aims to create a forum of discussion on novel spectral analysis methods, like UV-vis, IR, Raman, NMR, MS, ...
  • Here we introduce a platform that combines deuterium oxide (D 2 O) probing with stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) microscopy to image in situ metabolic activities. (nih.gov)
  • Temperature dependence of peak positions, intensities, and linewidths of Raman phonon modes signalled the presence of phase transitions near-50 +/- 5 degrees C, 0 +/- 5 degrees C, 35 +/- 5 degrees C and 110 +/- 10 degrees C. Evolution of domain morphology occurring at phase transitions above room temperature was studied by piezoresponse force microscopy technique. (kirensky.ru)
  • This article outlines the need for more research into microplastics and how Raman microscopy offers unique advantages for microplastic analysis and identifying the chemical composition of the material. (edinst.com)
  • Due to its high spatial resolution, Raman microscopy allows the smallest particle size to be examined. (edinst.com)
  • However, the RM5 from Edinburgh Instruments offers Confocal Raman Microscopy with a selection of up to 3 lasers, reducing the interference and improving the quality of spectra. (edinst.com)
  • Raman microscopy is proving to be a vital method for microplastic analysis. (edinst.com)
  • At our microscopy platform in Lund, you meet personnel with expertise and long experience working with biological material and microscopy, imaging, and analysis. (lu.se)
  • In our laboratories, you can use both standard microscope techniques, like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), as well as infra-red based analysis techniques and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). (lu.se)
  • Regarding the methods, microhardness 2,5 , scanning electron and polarized light microscopy 7,14 , micro energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μEDXRF) 11 , Fourier transform-Raman (FTRaman) spectroscopy10 and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) 10 have been used to determine the adverse effects resulting from bleaching techniques. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we demonstrate unprecedented sub-molecular Raman spectroscopic mapping with spatial resolution below 1 nm, resolving even the inner structure of a single molecule and its configuration on the surface [1]. (aps.org)
  • FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic methods were implemented to collect vibrational spectra of 1-ClM-1-FSiCP. (researchgate.net)
  • On 15th February, Carl Troein, CIPA Application Expert specialised in 2D spectroscopy analysis, held the webinar "Spectroscopic Data Processing and Analysis" on behalf of CIPA - the coordinating unit of the InfraVis Lund node. (lu.se)
  • The webinar covered problems in spectroscopic data analysis and methods for their identification and correction as well as for analysis and visualization. (lu.se)
  • Since my main focus at CIPA is on 2D spectroscopic imaging data, I can help users with spatially resolved FTIR, Raman, O-PTIR and hyperspectral IR imaging, but I am happy to discuss other types of data as well. (lu.se)
  • Spectroscopic imaging support is available from CIPA, the imaging processing and analysis infrastructure at Lund University. (lu.se)
  • Incorporating unique and powerful functions in a reliable, high performance system, ideally suited to the research and analytical lab, the XploRA PLUS is our best multi-sample, multi-user Raman imaging microscope ever. (horiba.com)
  • We analyze several theropod eggshells from various localities, including oviraptorid Macroolithus yaotunensis eggshells from the Late Cretaceous deposits of Henan, Jiangxi, and Guangdong in China and alvarezsaurid Triprismatoolithus eggshell from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana, United States, with the scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). (peerj.com)
  • Coupling the Raman spectrometer with a confocal microscope allows us to visualise tiny particles, helping to create a clearer picture of the material and potential harmful impacts on humans. (edinst.com)
  • Key steps taken during Microplastic Analysis using the RM5 Raman Microscope. (edinst.com)
  • Unlike a traditional Raman microscope, the Morphologi 4-ID automatically targets individual particles and provides the size, shape and chemical identification of each. (atascientific.com.au)
  • By 1934 this instrument was able to scan, compute and record up to 2000 seven-figure wavelengths from a 20-inch photographic spectrum in 120 seconds. (mit.edu)
  • Find important wavelengths/frequencies in the spectra. (originlab.com)
  • To study enhancement effects, we measured Raman scattering signal from molecules adsorbed on metal oxide nanowires and nanocones excited by lasers with three different wavelengths. (aps.org)
  • We observed that the Raman signal was enhanced regardless of excitation wavelengths, even though the enhancement factor showed slight wavelength dependence. (aps.org)
  • The simplicity and power of the XploRA PLUS is unmatched with an enhanced range of options such as multiple laser wavelengths, EMCCD detection, Raman polarisation and even Raman-AFM combination. (horiba.com)
  • Absorption spectroscopy - uses the range of the electromagnetic spectra (wavelengths) in which a material absorbs including atomic absorption and molecular techniques such as infrared and ultraviolet-visible. (atascientific.com.au)
  • The ease with which the ROA spectra of biological molecules can be successfully measured lends itself perfectly to the ever-growing demand for biomolecular structural information, especially in the context of proteomics and the Human Genome Project. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The genius of the book is its rigorous, elegant treatment of the mathematics involved in detailed vibrational analyses of polyatomic molecules. (doverpublications.com)
  • Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical technique based on the inelastic scattering of photons related to the different vibrational modes of molecules. (metrohm.com)
  • This discovery by C. V. Raman in 1928 resulted in a simple yet effective method to determine the structure of simple molecules that continues to grow in popularity among the scientific community. (metrohm.com)
  • Raman is great for structural elucidation of molecules, including connectivity and saturation. (metrohm.com)
  • However, the signals from water molecules are very weak in Raman spectra, meaning wet samples can be more accurately analysed. (edinst.com)
  • On the basis of the [email protected]2 matrix model, with explicit nitrogen molecules, the anharmonic infrared spectra are generated from the Fourier transformation of the dipole moment autocorrelation function. (researchgate.net)
  • be able to analyse molecular spectra for diatomic and polyatomic molecules. (lu.se)
  • be able to decide the symmetry characteristics of diatomic and some simple polyatomic molecules based on analysis of different spectra for IR and Raman scattering. (lu.se)
  • To study the effect of the substrate on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), we have fabricated a series of SERS substrates consisting of a hexagonal array of Au nanoparticles self assembled on block copolymer films, a silicon oxide (dielectric) layer and a silicon substrate. (aps.org)
  • The SERS Enhancement Factors (EF) were calculated by comparing the Raman spectra of 4-aminothiophenol adsorbed on the surface of the Au nanoparticles and in a standard solution. (aps.org)
  • For several decades, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from various analytes adsorbed on metal has been studied and utilized for optoelectronic and biochemical devices. (aps.org)
  • Its sensing mechanism is based upon the decrease of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensity when Raman label tagged at one end of MS is physically separated from the MFON's surface upon DNA hybridization. (duke.edu)
  • We present the results of a Raman study of optical phonons in CuS nanocrystals (NCs) with a low areal density fabricated through the Langmuir-Blodgett technology on nanopatterned Au nanocluster arrays using a combination of surface- and interference-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS and IERS, respectively). (beilstein-journals.org)
  • CuS NCs formed on Au nanocluster arrays fabricated on IERS substrates combine the advantages of SERS and IERS and demonstrate stronger SERS enhancement allowing for the observation of Raman signals from CuS NCs with an ultra-low areal density. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • The use of surface enhanced Raman spectrometry (SERS) for the detection and identification of chlorinated hydrocarbons or organochlorides such as carbon-tetrachloride (56235), 1,2- dichloroethane (107062), chloroform (67663), and trichloroethylene (79016) was described. (cdc.gov)
  • Chlorinated hydrocarbons were not observable on silver or gold substrates, but SERS spectra were visible when they were examined with a copper electrode. (cdc.gov)
  • Preliminary observation suggested that the SERS spectrum is only observable for a finite amount of time. (cdc.gov)
  • We present here a novel approach for time-domain diffuse Raman spectroscopy (TD-DIRS) based on a single-pixel detector and a digital micromirror device (DMD) within an imaging spectrometer for wavelength encoding. (lu.se)
  • Unlike spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) or frequency offset Raman spectroscopy (FORS), TD-DIRS exploits the time-of-flight distribution of photons to probe the depth of the Raman signal at a single wavelength with a single source-detector separation. (lu.se)
  • The platform can be configured for either line-laser Raman chemical imaging (RCI) mode for food surface evaluation or point-laser spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) mode for food subsurface evaluation. (usda.gov)
  • This paper presents a multipurpose line-scan Raman platform for food safety and quality research, which can be configured for Raman chemical imaging (RCI) mode for surface inspection and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) mode for subsurface inspection. (usda.gov)
  • The calculated infrared and Raman spectra of the title compounds were also stimulated utilizing the scaled force fields and the computed dipole derivatives for IR intensities and polarizability derivatives for Raman intensities. (civilica.com)
  • A plot of the difference in intensities between Raman scattered light using right and left circularly polarized incident light (CIRCULAR DICHROISM). (bvsalud.org)
  • Fluorescence-corrected images at selected Raman peak wavenumbers were used to view Raman-active analytes on the whole sample surfaces (e.g., fat on the pork shoulder and carotenoids over the carrot cross section). (usda.gov)
  • Metrohm Raman uses its own proprietary method in MIRA XTR DS, a proven handheld 785 nm Raman system equipped with fluorescence rejection. (metrohm.com)
  • Raman spectroscopy of street samples of cocaine obtained using Kerr gated fluorescence rejection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The first use of Kerr gated fluorescence rejection Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of street samples of cocaine in a fluorescing matrix is reported. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Raman spectroscopy can be used to analyse samples as small as 1 µm in diameter with the latest research studying the possibility of measuring the even smaller nanoplastics. (edinst.com)
  • The comprehensive Raman spectroscopy analysis in the present work not only validates the presence of the intermediate orthorhombic phase in BCZT, but also provides evidence of another transition: rhombohedral R3c phase to R3m at low temperature. (kirensky.ru)
  • Our finding of Raman spectromicroscopy going intra-molecular and sub-nanometer may open up a new avenue to probe surface chemical identification, optical processes and photochemistry at the single-molecule scale. (aps.org)
  • A great potential of Raman spectroscopy for non-destructive, confirmatory identification of body fluids at the crime scene has been reported recently (Virkler and Lednev, Forensic Sci. (ojp.gov)
  • As technology develops, spectrum analysis has become the main method for the analysis and identification of compounds. (hindawi.com)
  • It is estimated that 80% of common active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients are well-suited for raw material identification (RMID) with Raman spectroscopy. (metrohm.com)
  • Examples included correction for water vapor and scattering effects in FTIR, step discontinuities in O-PTIR, identification of wavenumbers of interest in Raman spectra, visualization of weak but significant components in hyperspectral (IR-visible) images as well as mage analysis and classification. (lu.se)
  • Register for this free webinar on non-destructive surface analysis by handheld FTIR. (materialstoday.com)
  • Our research group develops methods for Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, for example to correct the effects of unwanted scattering and absorption. (lu.se)
  • Using a bilayer phantom made of porcine muscle and calcium carbonate, we proved that our system can retrieve Raman peaks even in the presence of autofluorescence typical of biomedical tissues. (lu.se)
  • It is a much more efficient emission process, causing overwhelming background noise in the Raman spectrum and obscuring Raman peaks. (metrohm.com)
  • Peaks in the Raman spectrum are very narrow, which heightens specificity and selectivity. (metrohm.com)
  • Unique fingerprint peaks in the Raman spectrum can be used to discriminate between very similar species such as isomers and substances that differ by a single functional group. (metrohm.com)
  • Measurement of the Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra of biomolecules has become an experimental possibility due to significant advances in the available technology, and its successful implementation into the ROA instruments at the University of Glasgow. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The experimental spectra also coincide satisfactorily with those of theoretically constructed simulated spectrograms. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
  • On the other hand there are experimental difficulties arising from the possibility that there is fluorescence emission interfering with the Raman signal, and from the difficulties in extracting signals through windows in reactor walls or in slip streams. (horiba.com)
  • The relative contribution of each of the three components varies with donor, so no single spectrum could effectively represent an experimental Raman spectrum of dry semen in a quantitative way. (ojp.gov)
  • The MC of the enamel was determined before and after bleaching using Fourier transform (FT-Raman) spectroscopy and micro energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μEDXRF). (bvsalud.org)
  • Cross-validation showed 95.2% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity for identifying diseased spectra. (nature.com)
  • Due to the significant detection interference caused by the complex food matrix, false negative results caused by trace amounts of harmful substances, and the failure of targeted detection caused by endless adulteration, the specificity, and sensitivity of spectrum analysis need to be further improved. (hindawi.com)
  • Fast wavelength switching (sub-second) between two Raman vibrational frequencies, i.e., 2848 cm(-1) for C--H aliphatic vibrations and 3035 cm(-1) for C--H aromatic vibrations is presented as an example, although this also extends to other Raman frequencies. (strath.ac.uk)
  • The vibrational frequencies of 3,4-dichlorobenzophenone (DCLBP) were obtained from the FT-IR and Raman spectral data, and evaluated based on the Density Functional Theory using the standard method B3LYP with 6-311+G(d,p) as the basis set. (hud.ac.uk)
  • In this paper, harmonic vibrational frequencies, molecular structure, NBO and HOMO, LUMO analysis and detonation properties of (E)-2-Bromo-1-[2-(2-nitrostyryl)-1-phenylsulfonyl-1H-indol-3-yl] ethanone is calculated. (civilica.com)
  • The study is extended to the HOMO - LUMO analysis to calculate the energy gap, ionization potential, electron affinity, global hardness,chemical potential and global electrophilicity and thermodynamic properties of 2M4NA. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
  • The change in electron density (ED) in the r* and p* antibonding orbital's and stabilization energies E(2) have been calculated by Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis to give clear evidence of stabilization originating in the hyperconjugation of hydrogen-bonded interaction. (civilica.com)
  • Are you interested in other applications of our Raman Spectrometers? (edinst.com)
  • Edinburgh Instruments offers Raman Microscopes that can help to identify the chemical composition of microplastics, and therefore study the impact on human health. (edinst.com)
  • the Phenom XL, Phenom ProX, Phenom Pro and Phenom Pure, these microscopes are ideal for investigating biological or pharmaceutical samples, forensic analysis, metallurgical analysis, failure analysis and quality control. (atascientific.com.au)
  • Raman spectra, in conjunction with Multivariate (Chemometric) Analysis, have been demonstrated to provide real-time information on the progress of a polymerisation reaction. (horiba.com)
  • The chemometric analysis of Raman spectra collected from fossil and extant eggs provides further supportive evidence for the cuticle preservation in oviraptorid and probable alvarezsaurid eggshells. (peerj.com)
  • On the basis of vibrational analyses, the thermodynamic properties of title compound at different temperatures have been calculated [3]. (civilica.com)
  • You can also optionally choose a column for Frequency/Wavelength , which will be used for labels in Loading Plot , choose Spectra Names for labels in Scor Plot , and Group Info can be used to divide samples in Score Plot . (originlab.com)
  • Raman scattering has long been used as a non-intrusive diagnostic of temperatures in combustion exhaust flows, using a variety of spectral analysis techniques. (osu.edu)
  • Diffuse Raman spectroscopy (DIRS) extends the high chemical specificity of Raman scattering to in-depth investigation of thick biological tissues. (lu.se)
  • The spectroscopy based on tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) has opened a path to obtain enhanced vibrational signals thanks to the strong localized plasmonic field originated at the tip apex. (aps.org)
  • Present work focuses on detailed temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, domain configuration, and photoluminescence (PL) studies in the (Ba0.85Ca0.15) (Zr0.10Ti0.90)O-3 (BCZT) ceramics. (kirensky.ru)
  • While most scattering occurs elastically, about 1 in 10 6 scattering processes interact with the molecule through bond stretching and bending vibrations resulting in Raman-scattered light. (metrohm.com)
  • Fluorescence is one of the biggest challenges for Raman, as it can overwhelm the signal from Raman scattering. (metrohm.com)
  • Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of the scattered light. (bvsalud.org)
  • be able to describe how a molecule interacts with electromagnetic radiation via electric dipole transitions and Raman scattering processes. (lu.se)
  • Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in characterizing subcellular structures such as mitochondrion, lysosome and nucleus because it is label-free and has high spatial resolution 18 . (nature.com)
  • Within the broad vibrational spectra of C-D bonds, we discover lipid-, protein-, and DNA-specific Raman shifts and develop spectral unmixing methods to obtain C-D signals with macromolecular selectivity. (nih.gov)
  • We validated the system using a bilayer tissue-bone mimicking phantom composed of a 1 cm thick slab of silicone overlaying a calcium carbonate specimen and demonstrated a high differentiation of the two Raman signals. (lu.se)
  • The development of the analysis of ROA spectra has largely been based upon the correlation of ROA spectra of proteins of known structure with structural information from alternative sources, chiefly X-ray crystallography and multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). (gla.ac.uk)
  • Raman is a form of molecular spectroscopy that is observed as inelastically scattered light when a sample is excited by a laser. (metrohm.com)
  • Shifted by these molecular interactions, the detected Raman photons can be processed into a spectrum that relates to the unique bonds within a molecule, providing the user with an invaluable analytical tool for molecular fingerprinting. (metrohm.com)
  • Comparative yield of molecular diagnostic algorithms for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in India: evidence supporting whole exome sequencing as first tier test. (cdc.gov)
  • In this article, we present the combination of Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and SEM-CL techniques, where the instruments weren't physically connected. (horiba.com)
  • However, because of the complexity of food substrates, the construction of chemometrics with intelligent analysis still faces significant challenges. (hindawi.com)
  • On the basis of potential energy distribution together with the normal-co-ordinate analysis and following the scaled quantum mechanical force methodology, the assignments for the various frequencies were described. (hud.ac.uk)
  • The RCI and SORS modes share a common detection module including a dispersive imaging spectrograph and a CCD camera, covering a Raman shift range from -674 to 2865 cm-1. (usda.gov)
  • As part of their ongoing program of experiments to support development of computer codes that calculate exhaust flow fields and predict jet noise, NASA Glenn Research Center is developing a laser Raman diagnostic system that will measure mean temperatures and temperature fluctuations in hot and cold jet flows. (osu.edu)
  • We describe a software package, ART (Analysis for Raman Temperatures), that analyzes Raman spectra of air for temperature and density using vibrational or resolved or unresolved rotational bands, presenting results in a variety of real-time displays. (osu.edu)
  • Cell response was determined using low temperature Raman Spectroscopy and variation in post-thaw recovery with composition was analyzed using statistical modeling. (nature.com)
  • be able to calculate different parameters such as temperature and moment of inertia from a spectrum of a diatomic molecule. (lu.se)
  • ROA spectroscopy is able to probe the chiral peptide backbone of proteins, and as such the ROA spectrum of a protein contains a wealth of structural information from within the whole molecule, across the whole vibrational spectrum. (gla.ac.uk)
  • As the database of ROA spectra of polypeptides and proteins has grown, it has been possible to tighten up the assignment of ROA spectral bands and band patterns to aspects of known structural content. (gla.ac.uk)
  • With a basis for the correlation between the ROA spectrum and the known crystal structure (or NMR structure) being well established, it is possible to interpret the ROA spectra of proteins that do not have (for whatever reason) well defined structures. (gla.ac.uk)
  • This means that ROA spectroscopy can provide invaluable structural information for proteins that are precluded from analysis by other techniques, and also cast new light on the structures of proteins that have not been well defined. (gla.ac.uk)
  • This project presents an up-to-date collection of newly obtained ROA spectra of a large number of proteins across a range of structural class types. (gla.ac.uk)
  • This proof-of-concept study presents Raman hyperspectroscopic analysis of blood serum as an easy, fast, non-expensive, and minimally invasive detection method for distinguishing control and mdx model mice, with a strong potential for clinical diagnosis of DMD. (nature.com)
  • In recent years, Raman Spectroscopy has been found to be a key technique in identifying the chemical composition of ocean microplastics. (edinst.com)
  • Particle characterisation using image analysis-based systems can provide real insight into the nature of particles. (atascientific.com.au)
  • ATA Scientific offers a range of high quality image analysers including the Malvern Morphologi 4 particle image analyser, designed for automated high resolution particle size analysis from 0.5 - 3000 microns. (atascientific.com.au)
  • The first is based on a mathematical deconvolution of the Raman bands whereas the second relies on more sophisticated multivariate analysis (Chemometrics). (horiba.com)
  • In recent years, chemometrics have been widely used in spectral analysis to increase the specificity and intelligence of the analysis. (hindawi.com)
  • This Special Issue aims to create a forum of discussion on novel spectral analysis methods, like UV-vis, IR, Raman, NMR, MS, HPLC-DAD, and HPLC-MS, combining chemometrics algorithms for application to food quality and safety. (hindawi.com)
  • Analysis of PL spectra revealed disorder/heterogeneity in the sample and indicated the existence of self-trapped excitons. (kirensky.ru)
  • A study of genetic heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorders based on plasma proteomic and metabolomic analysis: multiomics study of autism heterogeneity. (cdc.gov)
  • Emission spectroscopy - uses the range of electromagnetic spectra in which a material radiates after first absorbing energy. (atascientific.com.au)
  • In its early years, the Spectroscopy Laboratory became famous under Professor Harrison's leadership for its contributions to atomic spectroscopy, namely the analysis of complex spectra, with some emphasis on qualitative and quantitative analysis of materials. (mit.edu)
  • We reconstructed the Raman spectra of the two layers, offering the potential for improved and quantitative material analysis. (lu.se)
  • Spectral fusion technology can further improve the accuracy and stability of quantitative analysis by including more comprehensive information. (rsc.org)
  • Finally, low-level data fusion was achieved by concatenating Raman and infrared spectra into a matrix, and coupled with PLS to construct a quantitative analysis model of PAHs in soil. (rsc.org)
  • In summary, the combination of Raman and infrared spectroscopy is a promising alternative to rapid quantitative analysis of PAHs in soil. (rsc.org)
  • The conformational analysis was performed utilizing FT-IR matrix isolation technique and theoretical methods such as density functional theory and ab initio calculations. (researchgate.net)
  • As well as containing detailed information from specific structural elements such as sections of secondary structure and motifs, the ability of ROA to see the molecule as a whole also enables the global fold of the protein to be deduced from the ROA spectrum. (gla.ac.uk)
  • and concluding with a sample vibrational analysis of the molecule of benzene. (doverpublications.com)
  • I have a broad background in developing analysis and data processing methods for biological data. (lu.se)
  • be able to write laboratory reports with a thorough analysis of measurement data. (lu.se)
  • Here, we demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy is one solution to identify and evaluate sugar/sweetener concentrations in a quality control process. (horiba.com)
  • How does fluorescence affect the results when measuring with Raman? (metrohm.com)
  • Natural substances (such as plant fibers), strongly colored materials, and substances with fluorescent contaminants can all fail to produce results with Raman spectroscopy. (metrohm.com)
  • Results: The FT-Raman showed a decrease in MC for all bleaching treatments, without influence of the different HP concentrations or the number of applications. (bvsalud.org)
  • This application note demonstrates how to evaluate alcohol concentrations in a quality control process with Raman. (horiba.com)
  • The specificity of most spectrum analysis is only targeted at a very limited number of reaction groups of compounds. (hindawi.com)
  • Raman can identify thousands of solid and liquid substances including pharmaceuticals, raw materials for food and personal care products, controlled substances and associated precursors and cutting agents, weapons of terror, toxic and non-toxic chemicals, solvents, and agricultural treatments (e.g., pesticides, insecticides). (metrohm.com)
  • Comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between common genetic variants and autism spectrum disorder. (cdc.gov)
  • Estimating the annual attack rate of seasonal influenza among unvaccinated individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • In an effort to improve the accuracy and ease of diagnosis, this study focused on developing a novel method for diagnosing DMD which combines Raman hyperspectroscopic analysis of blood serum with advanced statistical analysis. (nature.com)
  • This study presents a multipurpose line-scan Raman platform for food safety and quality research. (usda.gov)
  • The line-scan Raman imaging and spectroscopy platform developed in this study provides a new tool for surface and subsurface inspection for food safety and quality. (usda.gov)
  • In this study, the feasibility of analyzing anthracene and fluoranthene in soil by Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy combined with spectral fusion technology and partial least squares (PLS) was investigated. (rsc.org)
  • The UV-absorption spectrum was also recorded to study the electronic transitions. (hud.ac.uk)
  • The NBO analysis, to study the intramolecular hyperconjugative interactions, was carried out. (hud.ac.uk)
  • The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. (cdc.gov)
  • Disturbance of skin sensation and autism spectrum disorder: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. (cdc.gov)
  • A retrospective study was conducted on diarrhea sur le fardeau des maladies diarrhéiques chez les cases admitted into the emergency department of the enfants en Afrique subsaharienne. (bvsalud.org)
  • Because of its connection with laser technology, the theory of infrared and Raman vibrational spectra is even more important now than when this book was first published. (doverpublications.com)
  • This article covers some of the most frequently asked questions about Raman spectroscopy regarding the theory behind it and how it can be used in practice. (metrohm.com)
  • During the conformational analysis the envelope (E) and twisted (T) ring shapes with the position of the fluorine atom and chloromethyl group in terms of axial/equatorial and cis/trans/gauche-/gauche+ positions were investigated utilizing MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ and DFT/B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. (researchgate.net)
  • The SWIFT Fast Raman images are the fastest fully confocal Raman images available, typically 10x faster than conventional Raman imaging. (horiba.com)
  • To improve the accuracy, ease, and potential of an early diagnosis, we focused on developing a novel method for diagnosing DMD using Raman hyperspectroscopic analysis of mdx mouse blood serum combined with advanced statistical analysis. (nature.com)
  • Advanced statistical analysis of spectra obtained from multiple spots on dry samples showed that dry semen is heterogeneous and its Raman spectra could be presented as a linear combination of a fluorescent background and three spectral components. (ojp.gov)