Spectrophotometry infrared. Medical search

Spectrophotometric techniques by which the absorption or emmision spectra of radiation from atoms are produced and analyzed.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

Spectrophotometry in the infrared region, usually for the purpose of chemical analysis through measurement of absorption spectra associated with rotational and vibrational energy levels of molecules. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Solid dosage forms, of varying weight, size, and shape, which may be molded or compressed, and which contain a medicinal substance in pure or diluted form. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

A noninvasive technique that uses the differential absorption properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin to evaluate tissue oxygenation and indirectly can measure regional hemodynamics and blood flow. Near-infrared light (NIR) can propagate through tissues and at particular wavelengths is differentially absorbed by oxygenated vs. deoxygenated forms of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Illumination of intact tissue with NIR allows qualitative assessment of changes in the tissue concentration of these molecules. The analysis is also used to determine body composition.

An allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is obtained by mining and its dust can cause lung irritation.

A compound formed by the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen. It is a complex in which the oxygen is bound directly to the iron without causing a change from the ferrous to the ferric state.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The development and use of techniques and equipment to study or perform chemical reactions, with small quantities of materials, frequently less than a milligram or a milliliter.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Imaging the temperatures in a material, or in the body or an organ. Imaging is based on self-emanating infrared radiation (HEAT WAVES), or on changes in properties of the material or tissue that vary with temperature, such as ELASTICITY; MAGNETIC FIELD; or LUMINESCENCE.

A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.

Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS.

The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light.

A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

Inorganic compounds that contain magnesium as an integral part of the molecule.

A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.19, symbol Pb. (Dorland, 28th)

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Method for determining the circulating blood volume by introducing a known quantity of foreign substance into the blood and determining its concentration some minutes later when thorough mixing has occurred. From these two values the blood volume can be calculated by dividing the quantity of injected material by its concentration in the blood at the time of uniform mixing. Generally expressed as cubic centimeters or liters per kilogram of body weight.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Any technique by which an unknown color is evaluated in terms of standard colors. The technique may be visual, photoelectric, or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. It is used in chemistry and physics. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Inorganic compounds that contain potassium as an integral part of the molecule.

The analysis of a chemical substance by inserting a sample into a carrier stream of reagent using a sample injection valve that propels the sample downstream where mixing occurs in a coiled tube, then passes into a flow-through detector and a recorder or other data handling device.

Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.

A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.

The measurement of the density of a material by measuring the amount of light or radiation passing through (or absorbed by) the material.

An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Metals with high specific gravity, typically larger than 5. They have complex spectra, form colored salts and double salts, have a low electrode potential, are mainly amphoteric, yield weak bases and weak acids, and are oxidizing or reducing agents (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Method of analyzing chemicals using automation.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.

Tapping fluid from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae.

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of boric acid.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Other plants called broom include CYTISUS; SPARTIUM; and BROMUS.

Differential thermal analysis in which the sample compartment of the apparatus is a differential calorimeter, allowing an exact measure of the heat of transition independent of the specific heat, thermal conductivity, and other variables of the sample.

Relating to the size of solids.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, normally albumin and globulin present in the ratio of 8 to 1. Increases in protein levels are of diagnostic value in neurological diseases. (Brain and Bannister's Clinical Neurology, 7th ed, p221)

A conjugated protein which is the oxygen-transporting pigment of muscle. It is made up of one globin polypeptide chain and one heme group.

Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.

Tantalum. A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A multisubunit enzyme complex containing CYTOCHROME A GROUP; CYTOCHROME A3; two copper atoms; and 13 different protein subunits. It is the terminal oxidase complex of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN and collects electrons that are transferred from the reduced CYTOCHROME C GROUP and donates them to molecular OXYGEN, which is then reduced to water. The redox reaction is simultaneously coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 114. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The application of scientific knowledge or technology to pharmacy and the pharmaceutical industry. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation in the manufacture, preparation, compounding, dispensing, packaging, and storing of drugs and other preparations used in diagnostic and determinative procedures, and in the treatment of patients.

A filament-like structure consisting of a shaft which projects to the surface of the SKIN from a root which is softer than the shaft and lodges in the cavity of a HAIR FOLLICLE. It is found on most surfaces of the body.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.

Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.

A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.

Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th ed) It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as "alutiae".

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Derivatives of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton. Flavin derivatives serve an electron transfer function as ENZYME COFACTORS in FLAVOPROTEINS.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.

Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.

A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.

The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Hemeproteins whose characteristic mode of action involves transfer of reducing equivalents which are associated with a reversible change in oxidation state of the prosthetic group. Formally, this redox change involves a single-electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539). The various cytochrome subclasses are organized by the type of HEME and by the wavelength range of their reduced alpha-absorption bands.

Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.

Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.

Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.

A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.

Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.

Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.

An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.

Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use.

A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.

The separation of particles from a suspension by passage through a filter with very fine pores. In ultrafiltration the separation is accomplished by convective transport; in DIALYSIS separation relies instead upon differential diffusion. Ultrafiltration occurs naturally and is a laboratory procedure. Artificial ultrafiltration of the blood is referred to as HEMOFILTRATION or HEMODIAFILTRATION (if combined with HEMODIALYSIS).

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.

Inorganic or organic compounds that contain divalent iron.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Insoluble polymers of TYROSINE derivatives found in and causing darkness in skin (SKIN PIGMENTATION), hair, and feathers providing protection against SUNBURN induced by SUNLIGHT. CAROTENES contribute yellow and red coloration.

Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.

A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.

Analysis based on the mathematical function first formulated by Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier in 1807. The function, known as the Fourier transform, describes the sinusoidal pattern of any fluctuating pattern in the physical world in terms of its amplitude and its phase. It has broad applications in biomedicine, e.g., analysis of the x-ray crystallography data pivotal in identifying the double helical nature of DNA and in analysis of other molecules, including viruses, and the modified back-projection algorithm universally used in computerized tomography imaging, etc. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.

Volume of circulating BLOOD. It is the sum of the PLASMA VOLUME and ERYTHROCYTE VOLUME.

A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.

A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.94. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution. When the level of hydrogen ion in solution is controlled the system is called a pH buffer.

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

Measuring instruments for determining the temperature of matter. Most thermometers used in the field of medicine are designed for measuring body temperature or for use in the clinical laboratory. (From UMDNS, 1999)

A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.

The diversion of RADIATION (thermal, electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result of interactions or collisions with atoms, molecules, or larger particles in the atmosphere or other media. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.

Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.

The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

Analytical technique for studying substances present at enzyme concentrations in single cells, in situ, by measuring light absorption. Light from a tungsten strip lamp or xenon arc dispersed by a grating monochromator illuminates the optical system of a microscope. The absorbance of light is measured (in nanometers) by comparing the difference between the image of the sample and a reference image.

A group of cytochromes with covalent thioether linkages between either or both of the vinyl side chains of protoheme and the protein. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539)

Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Compounds containing the -SH radical.

The dialdehyde of malonic acid.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Lasers with a semiconductor diode as the active medium. Diode lasers transform electric energy to light using the same principle as a light-emitting diode (LED), but with internal reflection capability, thus forming a resonator where a stimulated light can reflect back and forth, allowing only a certain wavelength to be emitted. The emission of a given device is determined by the active compound used (e.g., gallium arsenide crystals doped with aluminum or indium). Typical wavelengths are 810, 1,060 and 1,300 nm. (From UMDNS, 2005)

The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to water and oxygen. It is present in many animal cells. A deficiency of this enzyme results in ACATALASIA.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS.

A family of zinc-containing enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They play an important role in the transport of CARBON DIOXIDE from the tissues to the LUNG. EC 4.2.1.1.

Technique whereby the weight of a sample can be followed over a period of time while its temperature is being changed (usually increased at a constant rate).

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)

An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.

A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.

An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

A continuing periodic change in displacement with respect to a fixed reference. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.

A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic molecules.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION).

UV irradiation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ices: production of alcohols, quinones, and ethers. (1/2682)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water ice were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation under astrophysical conditions, and the products were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Peripheral carbon atoms were oxidized, producing aromatic alcohols, ketones, and ethers, and reduced, producing partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, molecules that account for the interstellar 3.4-micrometer emission feature. These classes of compounds are all present in carbonaceous meteorites. Hydrogen and deuterium atoms exchange readily between the PAHs and the ice, which may explain the deuterium enrichments found in certain meteoritic molecules. This work has important implications for extraterrestrial organics in biogenesis. (+info)

Conformational changes generated in GroEL during ATP hydrolysis as seen by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. (2/2682)

Changes in the vibrational spectrum of the chaperonin GroEL in the presence of ADP and ATP have been followed as a function of time using rapid scan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The interaction of nucleotides with GroEL was triggered by the photochemical release of the ligands from their corresponding biologically inactive precursors (caged nucleotides; P3-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyl nucleotide). Binding of either ADP or ATP induced the appearance of small differential signals in the amide I band of the protein, sensitive to protein secondary structure, suggesting a subtle and localized change in protein conformation. Moreover, conformational changes associated with ATP hydrolysis were detected that differed markedly from those observed upon nucleotide binding. Both, high-amplitude absorbance changes and difference bands attributable to modifications in the interaction between oppositely charged residues were observed during ATP hydrolysis. Once this process had occurred, the protein relaxed to an ADP-like conformation. Our results suggest that the secondary structure as well as salt bridges of GroEL are modified during ATP hydrolysis, as compared with the ATP and ADP bound protein states. (+info)

A new bile acid conjugate, ciliatocholic acid, from bovine gall bladder bile. (3/2682)

This study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of ciliatocholic acid in bovine gall bladder bile. Ciliatocholic acid was synthesized according to the method described by Bergstrom and Norman for the synthesis of taurocholic acid. Elemental analysis, melting point, and the infrared spectrum of this substance were determined. An isolation procedure for ciliatocholic acid was established by stepwise elution with an HCl-ethanol solvent system using a Dowex-1 anion exchange resin column chromatographic technique. Ciliatocholic acid amounting to 158 mug (as ciliatine) per 100 ml of gall bladder bile was found in the fraction eluted with 0.01 N HCl in 50% ethanol. This coumpound was purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography and confirmed to be ciliatocholic acid from the hydrolytic stability, phosphorus determination, and chromatographic behavior. Thus, bovine gall bladder bile contains a small amount of ciliatocholic acid. (+info)

Infrared dichroism of the DNA-caffeine complex. A new method for determination of the ligand orientation. (4/2682)

Infrared linear dichroism (LD) measurements on films of the DNA-caffeine complex in terms of the relative humidity (r.h.) show two main effects. Firstly, there is an insertion of caffeine molecules into the DNA double helix (B form), as evidenced by a very strong parallel LD behaviour of the 745 cm-1 band due to the C-H out-of-plane deformation vibration of caffeine. Furthermore, a high r.h. values a modified B form occurs in the complex similar to the B form recently reported by BRAHMS and coworkers for DNA-polypeptide complexes. The reversible B-A transition of the DNA in dependence of the r.h. is not affected in general in the presence of caffeine. (+info)

The two-dimensional IR nonlinear spectroscopy of a cyclic penta-peptide in relation to its three-dimensional structure. (5/2682)

A form of two-dimensional (2D) vibrational spectroscopy, which uses two ultrafast IR laser pulses, is used to examine the structure of a cyclic penta-peptide in solution. Spectrally resolved cross peaks occur in the off-diagonal region of the 2D IR spectrum of the amide I region, analogous to those in 2D NMR spectroscopy. These cross peaks measure the coupling between the different amide groups in the structure. Their intensities and polarizations relate directly to the three-dimensional structure of the peptide. With the help of a model coupling Hamiltonian, supplemented by density functional calculations, the spectra of this penta-peptide can be regenerated from the known solution phase structure. This 2D-IR measurement, with an intrinsic time resolution of less than 1 ps, could be used in all time regimes of interest in biology. (+info)

High base pair opening rates in tracts of GC base pairs. (6/2682)

Sequence-dependent structural features of the DNA double helix have a strong influence on the base pair opening dynamics. Here we report a detailed study of the kinetics of base pair breathing in tracts of GC base pairs in DNA duplexes derived from 1H NMR measurements of the imino proton exchange rates upon titration with the exchange catalyst ammonia. In the limit of infinite exchange catalyst concentration, the exchange times of the guanine imino protons of the GC tracts extrapolate to much shorter base pair lifetimes than commonly observed for isolated GC base pairs. The base pair lifetimes in the GC tracts are below 5 ms for almost all of the base pairs. The unusually rapid base pair opening dynamics of GC tracts are in striking contrast to the behavior of AT tracts, where very long base pair lifetimes are observed. The implication of these findings for the structural principles governing spontaneous helix opening as well as the DNA-binding specificity of the cytosine-5-methyltransferases, where flipping of the cytosine base has been observed, are discussed. (+info)

2-mercapto N-(azolyl)benzenesulfonamides. VI. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of some new 2-mercapto-N-(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives containing the 1,2,4-triazole moiety fused with a variety of heteroaromatic rings. (7/2682)

A series of 2-mercapto-N-(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives containing the triazole moiety fused with a variety of heteroaromatic rings [XVI-XXVIII] was obtained by the reactions of 3-methylthio-1,4-2-benzodithiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives [Ia-d] with 2-hydrazines [IIa-f]. Some of the intermediate 1,1-dioxide-1,4,2-benzodithiazin-3-ylhydrazines [III-XV] initially formed were also isolated. Preliminary screening data indicated that compounds [XVI-XIX and XXVII] were anti-HIV inactive, whereas other compounds showed a high [XXI and XXIII], fairly high [XXIII and XXVI] or moderate [XX, XXIV, XXV and XXVIII] activity. The compound [XXI] exhibited also high activity against ten selected HIV mutants. (+info)

Synthesis, anti-HIV and anticancer activities of new 4-(2-mercaptobenzenesulfonyl)perhydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-ones. (8/2682)

Syntheses of N-(6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-7-R1-1,4,2-benzodithiazyn-3-yl)-N'-(2- hydroxyethyl)hydrazines (IIa-d], N-(6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-7-methyl-1,4,2-benzodithiazyn-3-yl)-N'-(2- chloroethyl)hydrazine [IV], 4-(4-chloro-5-R1-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonyl)perhydro-1,2,4-triaz in-3-ones [IIIa-d] and 5-chloro-4-methyl-2-(3-oxoperhydro-1,2,4-triazin-4- ylsulfonyl)phenylthioacetic acid [V] have been described. Preliminary screening data have indicated that compounds [IIIa-d] exhibit either a moderate or a high anti-HIV activity and a moderate anticancer activity in some human tumor cell lines. (+info)

... and emittance of materials at infrared wavelengths. He is an expert in infrared spectrophotometry and integrating sphere design ... "Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIS) facility". NIST. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-11-01. Hanssen, Leonard; Kaplan ... He manages the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIS) Facility, which was developed to take low uncertainty ... He is the project leader for infrared spectrophotometry in the Sensor Science Division of the Physical Measurement Laboratory. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Hanssen

March 2002). "Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry of Phobos and Deimos". Icarus. 156 (1): 64-75. Bibcode:2002Icar..156...64R. doi: ... Infrared spectra show that it has carbon-rich material found in carbonaceous chondrites, and its composition shows similarities ... "A Study of Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging of Martian Moons by NIRS4/MACROMEGA onboard MMX Spacecraft" (PDF). Lunar and ... Observations of Phobos in the thermal infrared suggest a composition containing mainly phyllosilicates, which are well known ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobos_(moon)

"Infrared photometry and spectrophotometry of Nova Aquilae 1982". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 207: 897- ... The fading nova was also observed from the ground in the near and mid infrared by Bode et al., who concluded that either dust ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V1370_Aquilae

Compared to previous distillation methods, infrared spectrophotometry offered a tremendous time savings, reducing testing time ... and Robert Brattain assembled a team to study the problem using infrared spectrophotometry. Another team at Shell used chemical ... It included infrared spectroscopy researchers at Cambridge (G.B.B.M. Sutherland), at Oxford (Harold Warris Thompson), and ... Companies such as Perkin-Elmer whose work was not as restricted, were able to publish about their work in infrared spectroscopy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Brattain

"Physical Characteristics of Near-Earth Asteroids from Thermal Infrared Spectrophotometry". Icarus. 142 (2): 464-475. Bibcode: ... October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society ... According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its ... "Thermophysical modeling of asteroids from WISE thermal infrared data - Significance of the shape model and the pole orientation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Tezcatlipoca

"Visible to Thermal-Infrared Spectrophotometry of a Possible Inactive Cometary Nucleus". Icarus. 153 (2): 332-337. Bibcode: ... October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society ... Varuna in the near-infrared". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 562: A85. arXiv:1401.5962. Bibcode:2014A&A...562A..85L. doi:10.1051/ ... diameter and composition of near-Earth asteroids via near-infrared spectroscopy". Icarus. 219 (1): 382-392. Bibcode:2012Icar.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_size

October 2001). "Visible to Thermal-Infrared Spectrophotometry of a Possible Inactive Cometary Nucleus". Icarus. 153 (2): 332- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20461_Dioretsa

"Hubble Space Telescope Absolute Spectrophotometry of Vega from the Far-Ultraviolet to the Infrared". The Astronomical Journal. ... The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) discovered an excess of infrared radiation coming from the star, and this was ... One of the early results from the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) was the discovery of excess infrared flux coming from ... Stars that display an infrared excess due to dust emission are termed Vega-like stars. In 2021, a candidate ultra-hot Neptune ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vega

Harris, Alan W.; Davies, John K.; Green, Simon F. (October 1998). "Thermal Infrared Spectrophotometry of the Near-Earth ... October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society ... "Keck observations of near-Earth asteroids in the thermal infrared". Icarus. 166 (1): 116-130. Bibcode:2003Icar..166..116D. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2100_Ra-Shalom

Spectrophotometry in infrared light is mainly used to study structure of substances, as given groups give absorption at defined ... This makes it possible also to study the isotopic composition of a sample with infrared spectrophotometry. Atomic absorption ... The infrared spectrum typically has very narrow absorption lines, which makes them unsuited for quantitative analysis but gives ... Therefore, infrared spectroscopy is either performed in the gaseous phase (for volatile substances) or with the substances ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photometer

Gases in the cabin can be tested using gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and infra-red spectrophotometry. Samples of air ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronautical_hygiene

Spectroscopy and Spectrophotometry and the Infrared". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 38 (1): 79-111. Bibcode: ... The Cornell Mid-Infrared Asteroid Spectroscopy (MIDAS) survey used the Hale Telescope with a spectrograph to study spectra from ... It is equipped with modern optical and infrared array imagers, spectrographs, and an adaptive optics system. It has also used ... Lim, L; McConnochie, T; Belliii, J; Hayward, T (2005). "Thermal infrared (8?13 ?m) spectra of 29 asteroids: The Cornell Mid- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hale_Telescope

"Neutron-capture element abundances in the planetary nebula NGC 5315 from deep optical and near-infrared spectrophotometry". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_5315

He credited the Corona Lab program with the establishment of the atomic wavelength standard in the infrared. Humphreys attended ... His inventions significantly advanced the techniques of radiometry and spectrophotometry. ... Co-authored Rao, K. Narahari; Curtis J. Humphreys; D.H. Rank, "Wavelength Standards in the Infrared", Academic Press, 1966. ... Standards 1953, 50, 1. "Interferometric measurement of wavelengths of infrared atomic emission lines in the extraphotographic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_J._Humphreys

... and near-infrared wavelengths. Cooksey is a leading expert in spectrophotometry and low uncertainty methods of measuring ... Reflectance measurements of human skin from the ultraviolet to the shortwave infrared (250 nm to 2500 nm). SPIE Active and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Cooksey_(chemist)

Kohoutek was a much brighter object in the infrared, reaching magnitudes of at least -4.75 and -5.70 at wavelengths of 10 ... Goraya, P. S.; Rautela, B. S.; Sanwal, B. B. (January 1986). "Absolute spectrophotometry of Comet kohoutek 1973f during post- ... Silicates were also detected in the tail and antitail via infrared astronomy. On 2 December 1973, Kohoutek was expelling about ... The signature of silicon in infrared spectra of Kohoutek offered the first direct evidence of silicon in comets. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Kohoutek

In 2011 a new bus station, the design of which was inspired by the infrared experiment of William Herschel, was built in the ... Herschel pioneered the use of astronomical spectrophotometry, using prisms and temperature measuring equipment to measure the ... The shape of Slough Bus Station, built in 2011, was inspired by Herschel's infrared experiment. Herschel Street, a street in ... In the course of these investigations, Herschel discovered infrared radiation. Other work included an improved determination of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel

The NIFA administers cobalt-60 radiation source, Laser absorption spectrometer and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Near- ... infrared spectrometer and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. A library was opened in 1990, and recently, the institute has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Institute_for_Food_and_Agriculture

Ultraviolet fluorescence and infrared analysis are used to detect repairs or earlier painting present on canvasses. Atomic ... Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) are used to detect anomalies in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_forgery

He developed a device specific to this measure that he called a Near Infrared Spectrophotometry Hemencephalography system, ... Both approaches to hemoencephalography, near infrared and passive infrared, are indirect measures of neural activity based on ... PIR uses a sensor similar to the NIR sensor to detect light from a narrow band of the infrared spectrum that corresponds to the ... Hershel Toomim, near infrared hemoencephalography measures changes in the local oxygenation level of the blood. Similar to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoencephalography

Appearing on the market in 1954, it was the first commercial UV-VIS-NIR instrument to fully extend into the near-infrared ... Described as "famous" it gave the field of Raman spectrophotometry a "tremendous boost" in the United States. Other instruments ... The Office of Rubber Reserve of the United States government contracted with NTL to produce an infrared spectrophotometer based ... Beckman, A. O.; Gallaway, W. S.; Kaye, W.; Ulrich, W. F. (1977). "History of spectrophotometry at Beckman Instruments, Inc". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Cary

... is an American pioneer in the development of instruments for infrared spectrophotometry and non-dispersive infrared analysis. ... Liston-Becker was one of a number of companies seeking to develop instruments to measure CO 2 using infrared absorption. Soon ... In 1950, Morris Folb and Max Liston formed the Liston-Folb company, focusing on the development of nondispersive infrared ... Wilks, Paul A. (2013). "The origins of commercial infrared spectrometers". In Stock, John T.; Orna, Mary Virginia (eds.). The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_D._Liston

Infrared analysis of pharmaceuticals. 2. A study of the cinchona alkaloids in potassium bromide disks. J Am Pharm Assoc Am ... Spectrophotometry and crystallography studies were conducted independently by three teams, including scientists from MIT. The ... Infrared, ultraviolet, and visible absorption spectra of some USP and NF reference standards and their derivatives. Association ... Infrared analysis of pharmaceuticals. 1. Application of the potassium bromide disk technique to some steroids, alkaloids, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Levant_Hayden

Although spectrophotometry is most commonly applied to ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation, modern spectrophotometers ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spectrophotometry. Spectrophotometry Handbook (Articles with short description, Short ... Spectrophotometry is a tool that hinges on the quantitative analysis of molecules depending on how much light is absorbed by ... Samples for IR spectrophotometry may be smeared between two discs of potassium bromide or ground with potassium bromide and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrophotometry

By 1983, the infrared emission of the system was shown to vary by a factor of 1.5 magnitudes in the K-band with a time scale of ... Arkhipova, V. P.; Noskova, R. I. (May 1991), "The spectrophotometry of HM Sagittae in 1984-1989", Pis'ma v Astronomicheskii ... Observations in the infrared during 1978 showed this to be a very strong source with a spectrum that is consistent with a ... July 1978), "Infrared spectra of HM Sagittae and V1016 Cygni", Astrophysical Journal, 223: L93-L95, Bibcode:1978ApJ...223L..93P ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HM_Sagittae

... micrometers Ultraviolet and infrared energy sources Photometric colour determination equipment X-ray fluorescence and spectro-photometry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philatelic_expertisation

Much of his work dealt with infrared spectrophotometry, but he also became familiar with NMR, which was being used in nuclear ... He was active in researching molecular and solid-state structure, using infrared (IR) and radio frequency spectroscopy, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_S._Gutowsky

Two such signs, in the near-infrared, extending somewhat into visible light, are in common use. Water, hydroxyl, and some ... Feierberg, M; Lebofsky, L; Tholen, D (1985). "The nature of C-class asteroids from 3u spectrophotometry". Icarus. 63 (2): 191. ... Hayabusa 1's NIRS (Near-Infrared Spectrometer) design was then shifted from its maximum wavelength of 2.1 um, to Hayabusa 2's ... Lesser signs of water include ultraviolet/visible (OH 0-0, 308 Å), mid-infrared, and longer. The hydrogen nucleus- one proton- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroidal_water

The light source consists of a Xenon flash lamp for the ultraviolet (UV) as well as for the visible (VIS) and near-infrared ... If UV/Vis spectrophotometry is used in quantitative chemical analysis then the results are additionally affected by uncertainty ... Samples for UV/Vis spectrophotometry are most often liquids, although the absorbance of gases and even of solids can also be ... "Spectrophotometry Applications and Fundamentals". www.mt.com. Retrieved 10 July 2018. Forensic Fiber Examination Guidelines, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet–visible_spectroscopy

2012), "Fundamental Parameters and Infrared Excesses of Hipparcos Stars", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, ... September 2002), "Metallicity Determinations from Ultraviolet-Visual Spectrophotometry. I. The Test Sample", The Astrophysical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_Virginis

These are hot blue-white stars that exhibit forbidden line emission and strong infra-red excess suggestive of very young (pre- ... Cidale, L.; Zorec, J.; Tringaniello, L. (2001). "BCD spectrophotometry of stars with the B[e] phenomenon. I. Fundamental ... "Optical and infrared photometry of southern early-type shell stars and pre-main-sequence variables". South African Astronomical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FS_Canis_Majoris

Spectroscopy Laboratory equipment Raman spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy Spectrometer Monochromator Optics Spectrophotometry ... 3743 This criss-cross Czerny Turner optical system is capable of operation from about 105 nm to 10 micrometers in the infrared ... for spectroscopic analysis in the infrared, visible, vacuum ultraviolet, and soft x-ray regions. The Company was founded as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McPherson_Inc

In addition, the V-R, V-I and R-I indices, where the photometric letters stand for visible (V), red (R) and infrared (I), are ... and spectrophotometry". Icarus. 25 (1): 104-130. Bibcode:1975Icar...25..104C. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(75)90191-8. Thomas H. ... "An extension of the Bus asteroid taxonomy into the near-infrared" (PDF). Icarus. 202 (1): 160-180. Bibcode:2009Icar..202..160D ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_types

2012). "The expected performance of stellar parametrization with Gaia spectrophotometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal ... Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave. 9143: 91430Y. arXiv:1408.3039. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaris

Similarly, a study of past infrared data from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer found no ... February 2018). "Non-grey dimming events of KIC 8462852 from GTC spectrophotometry". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 610 (12). L12. ... A third hypothesis, based on a lack of observed infrared light, posits a swarm of cold, dusty comet fragments in a highly ... The smoking gun: Researchers found less dimming in the infrared light from the star than in its ultraviolet light. Any object ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabby's_Star

The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can be used to characterize the chemical composition of the surface or a contact ... To quantify the amount of DEX that was successfully seeding into the nanoparticle, UV spectrophotometry can be used. It has ... To verify the success of surface immobilization, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and an analysis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_chemistry_of_neural_implants

ISBN 978-0-521-77096-5. W. M. H. Greaves (1936). "Time Effects in Spectrophotometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical ... Walter Clark (2007). Photography by Infrared - Its Principles and Applications. Read Books. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-4067-4486-6. ... 22 (67). Bibcode:1913POPot..67.....K. Loyd A. Jones (July 1927). "Photographic Spectrophotometry in the Ultra-Violet Region". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography)

SVET the High-Resolution Mapping Spectrometer was designed for spectrophotometry of Mars in absorption bands of some rocks that ... OMEGA the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (OMEGA) was designed to map Mars surface composition of igneous rocks, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_96

Alter, G., Barber, D. R. and Edwards, D. L (1940). "The Fog Effect in Photographic Astro- and Spectro-Photometry". Monthly ... ISBN 0-943396-64-6. Jenkins, R. L. & Farnell, G. C. (1976). "Chemical Hypersensitization of Infra-Red Emulsions". The Journal ... and infrared-sensitive materials. Later types of fine grain, near-IR-sensitive plates were unusable without such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_hypersensitization

Spectroscopy and Spectrophotometry, Meteor Studies, and Amateur Observations. The IHW also coordinated with the space missions ... Infrared Studies, Large Scale Phenomena, Near-Nucleus Studies, Photometry and Polarimetry, Radio Studies, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Halley_Watch

Chyba, Christopher F.; Sagan, Carl (1987). "Infrared emission by organic grains in the coma of comet Halley". Nature. 330 (6146 ... based on the Astron ultraviolet spectrophotometry". Pis'ma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal (in Russian). 12: 291-296. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet

Smith, H. E.; Junkkarinen, V. T.; Spinrad, H.; Grueff, G.; Vigotti, M. (1979). "Spectrophotometry of three high-redshift radio ... "Optical and Near-Infrared Calibration of AGN Field Stars: An All-Sky Network of Faint Stars Calibrated on the Landolt System". ... 8-15 from deep JWST and ground-based near-infrared imaging". arXiv:2207.12356 [astro-ph.GA]. Amos, Jonathan (26 July 2022). " ... The Hubble Space Telescope and the Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey. There is no universal naming ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_galaxies

Danziger, I. J.; Dickens, R. J. (July 1967), "Spectrophotometry of New Short-Period Variable Stars", Astrophysical Journal, 149 ... 2012), "Fundamental Parameters and Infrared Excesses of Hipparcos Stars", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upsilon_Tauri

... mass spectrometry inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Fourier transform infrared spectrometry Raman spectrometry, ... electron microscopy with X-ray and energy dispersive fluorescence X-ray radiography ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Conservation_Institute

... visible near infrared, near infrared, or infrared spectrum. Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy uses the changes in ... Raman spectroscopy Saturated spectroscopy Scanning tunneling spectroscopy Spectrophotometry Spin noise spectroscopy traces ... Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is a common implementation of infrared spectroscopy. NMR also employs Fourier ... infrared, near-infrared, ultraviolet-visible, x-ray, and gamma spectroscopy. Particles, because of their de Broglie waves, can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscopy

... e1 Test Method for Vinyl and Trans Unsaturation in Polyethylene by Infrared Spectrophotometry D6249 - 19 Guide for Alkaline ... Content in Polyethylene by Infrared Spectrophotometry D6646 - 03(2014) Test Method for Determination of the Accelerated ... Practice for Infrared (IR) Procedure for Determination of Aromatic/ Aliphatic Ratio of Bituminous Emulsions D6806 - 02(2017) ... Field and Laboratory Infrared Spectrophotometer, and Raman Spectrometer Based Analyzer Systems D6123/D6123M - 97(2020) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ASTM_International_standards_(D6001-7000)

Potential Application of an Infrared Spectroradiometer for Remote Detection and Identification of Oil Slicks on Water. Tech. ... Radiometer Spectrometer Spectroradiometry Spectrophotometry Leslie D. Stroebel and Richard D. Zakia (1993). Focal Encyclopedia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroradiometer

Pakull, M. W. (1991). "Spectrophotometry of Ring Nebulae around Wolf-Rayet Stars". In van der Hucht, Karel A.; Hidayat, Bambang ... "Spitzer SAGE-SMC Infrared Photometry of Massive Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud". The Astronomical Journal. 140 (2): 416- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB7

Reference substances and infrared reference spectra for pharmacopoeial analysis World Health Organization (‎World Health ... Reference substances and infrared reference spectra for pharmacopoeial analysis : August 1999 World Health Organization. ... Reference substances and infrared reference spectra for pharmacopoeial analysis : compilation of national, regional and ... General recommendations for the preparation and use of infrared spectra in pharmaceutical analysis ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Spectrophotometry%2C+Infrared&type=mesh

... well as to the processing conditions to know what the composition of the mixture is.Scope 1.1 This test method uses an infrared ... of the Amount of Polypropylene in Polypropylene/Low Density Polyethylene Mixtures Using Infrared Spectrophotometry. ... 1.1 This test method uses an infrared spectrometer for determining the amount of polypropylene (PP) physically mixed in with ...

https://www.astm.org/d7399-18.html

Determination of the Water Content of Cigarette Smoke Condensate by Near Infra-red Spectrophotometry / Bestimmung des im ...

https://sciendo.com/pl/article/10.2478/cttr-2013-0054

Chemical component of gallstone in Songklanagarind Hospital determined by infrared spectrophotometry. Authors: D Premprapha. P ... Objective: To identify the chemical composition of gallstones in Songklanagarind Hospital by infrared spectrophotometry and ... Gallstones were obtained from cholecystectomy patients in Songklanagarind Hospital and examined with spectrophotometry KBr disk ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/131961

Spectrophotometry, Infrared [‎5]‎. Sperm Count [‎4]‎. Spiritual Therapies [‎26]‎. Stakeholder Participation [‎95]‎. ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/browse?locale-attribute=pt&etal=-1&type=mesh&offset=5681&starts_with_previous=T&rpp=20&order=ASC&sort_by=-1

Infrared-spectrophotometry; Infrared-spectroscopy; Laboratory-equipment; Analytical-instruments; Respirable-dust; Measurement- ... infrared spectroscopy (IR), and colorimetry (VIS). The purpose of this study was to determine if photoacoustic Fourier ... transform infrared (PA-FTIR) spectroscopy could be a viable alternative for laboratory analysis of crystalline silica samples. ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=aerosol+or+aerosols&f1=TI&s2=&PageNo=216&RecNo=2159&View=f&

Observations by infrared transillumination in the exposed heart and in the brain in cephalo withou … ... The relatively good transparency of biological materials in the near infrared region of the spectrum permits sufficient photon ... Noninvasive, infrared monitoring of cerebral and myocardial oxygen sufficiency and circulatory parameters Science. 1977 Dec 23; ... Observations by infrared transillumination in the exposed heart and in the brain in cephalo without surgical intervention show ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/929199/

Near infrared spectrophotometry (cerebral oximetry) in predicting the return of spontaneous circulation in out-of-hospital ... using near infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS). We evaluated the relation between a rise in patients cerebral saturation values ...

https://avesis.erdogan.edu.tr/yayin/9565b0ea-0a19-4baa-92c7-a8cef4a9f944/near-infrared-spectrophotometry-cerebral-oximetry-in-predicting-the-return-of-spontaneous-circulation-in-out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest

Infrared-spectrophotometry ... photoacoustic analyzer and a Miran SapphIRe infrared ...

http://www2.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=asphalt+OR+asphalt+fumes&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=7&RecNo=65&View=f&

Infinita Lab is provides ASTM D6248-98 Test for Vinyl and Trans Unsaturation in Polyethylene by Infrared Spectrophotometry ... ASTM D6248-98 Test for Vinyl and Trans Unsaturation in Polyethylene by Infrared Spectrophotometry Laboratories and Testing ... ASTM D6248-98 uses infrared Spectrophotometry. Infrared spectrophotometry is used to study and identify chemical substances or ... ASTM D6248-98 Test for Vinyl and Trans Unsaturation in Polyethylene by Infrared Spectrophotometry ASTM D6248-98 test method is ...

https://infinitalab.com/astm/astm-d6248-98-test-for-vinyl-and-trans-unsaturation-in-polyethylene-by-infrared-spectrophotometry/

Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet. 1. 2009. 237. 0.020. Why? Spectrophotometry, Infrared. 1. 2009. 119. 0.020. Why? ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/person/112055/network/researchareas/details

... which is known as infrared spectrophotometry.. The Commission considered the comments received in response as well as recent ...

https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2015/12/ftc-issues-final-amendments-fuel-rating-rule

Optical spectrophotometry of near-infrared emission lines in some galactic stars. CONTI P.S., MASSEY P. and VREUX J.-M. ... AKARIs infrared view on nearby stars. Using AKARI infrared camera all-sky survey, 2MASS, and Hipparcos catalogs. ITA Y., ... A near-infrared survey of the inner galactic plane for Wolf-Rayet stars. I. Methods and first results: 41 new WR stars. SHARA M ... Spectrophotometry of Wolf-Rayet stars. I. Continuum energy distributions. MORRIS P.W., BROWNSBERGER K.R., CONTI P.S., et al. ...

https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id-refs?Ident=HD%20117688&Name=HD%20117688

Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). Analysis of solid and liquid samples for qualitative determination of ... Transmission techniques and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy are available in collaboration ...

https://www.tec.ac.cr/en/escuelas/school-materials-science-engineering

idiopathic calcium stone formers, with at least one stone expelled and analyzed by infrared spectrophotometry; presence of ... with at least one stone expelled and analyzed by infrared spectrophotometry; presence of hypercalciuria (,300 mg/day in males ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01005082

Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2. Also broker Option365 not only has the digital withdrawal back to your BANK account ...

http://forextrading-madeeasy.com/live-free-signal-forex.html

The present paper investigated the feasibility of using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics for identifying and ... Currently, spectrophotometry combined with chemometrics seems to be a kind of attractive methods in analytical chemistry [17-19 ... infrared, and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been successfully used in adulteration detection for various food products ... Identification and Quantitation of Melamine in Milk by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. Tong Wu. ,1Hui Chen. ,2Zan ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jspec/2016/6184987/

The Method of Improving the Accuracy of Determination of Total Nitrogen by Using the Potassium Persulfate UV Spectrophotometry ... using nondispersive infrared absorption method, water TOC was detected (Visco et al., 2005), and TN content through potassium ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-749577/v1

Spectrophotometry, Infrared. Ali, H. R. H., Edwards, H. G. M., Kendrick, J., Munshi, T. and Scowen, I. J. (2010) An ... bonds Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Hydroxyl groups In-situ monitoring Infrared Spectra Infrared devices Infrared lasers Infrared ... Infrared Spectra. Liu, Z., Li, M., Turyanska, L., Makarovsky, O., Patane, A., Wu, W. and Mann, S. (2010) Self-assembly of ... infrared radiation. Ali, H. R. H., Edwards, H. G. M., Kendrick, J., Munshi, T. and Scowen, I. J. (2010) An experimental and ...

https://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/view/divisions/sch=5Fche/2010.keywords.html

Most of our photometry and spectrophotometry are measured from the same region of each galaxy, and our spectrophotometry has ... Most of our photometry and spectrophotometry are measured from the same region of each galaxy, and our spectrophotometry has ... Most of our photometry and spectrophotometry are measured from the same region of each galaxy, and our spectrophotometry has ... Most of our photometry and spectrophotometry are measured from the same region of each galaxy, and our spectrophotometry has ...

https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/en/publications/calibration-of-ultraviolet-mid-infrared-and-radio-star-formation-

Standard Test Method for Determination of Low Levels of Water in Liquid Chlorine by On-Line Infrared Spectrophotometry. ... Standard Test Method for Metals in Cellulose by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. ASTM E 1805 : 2013 Standard Test Method ... Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lead (Pb) in Dust by Wipe, Paint, and Soil by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ... Standard Test Method for Measurement of Metals in Workplace Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. ...

https://infostore.saiglobal.com/en-us/standards/astm-d-1193-2006-r2011-140930_saig_astm_astm_2637493/

Milk samples were analyzed with the method of infrared spectrophotometry using an automatic analyzer of milk composition ( ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.768209/full

He pioneered the use of astronomical spectrophotometry and discovered infrared radiation. Impressed by his work, King George ...

https://www.thefamouspeople.com/18th-century-astronomers.php

u003cbr\u003e5.1 Ultraviolet\/visible spectrophotometry. \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Infrared spectroscopy. \u003cbr\u003e5.3 ... u003cbr\u003e5.1 Ultraviolet\/visible spectrophotometry. \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Infrared spectroscopy. \u003cbr\u003e5.3 ...

https://chemtec.org/collections/rubber/products/978-1-85957-242-9

Degree of Roast Infrared Analyzer for Coffee Roasters: Introduction Coffee is a beverage consumed around the world for both its ... industry standard instrument used to measure thedegree of roastof coffee beans using near-infrared abridged spectrophotometry. ... Degree of Roast Infrared Analyzer for Coffee Roasters. By spencer_corry in CircuitsArduino ... The Degree of Roast Infrared Analyzer uses a tryer, a tool found on coffee roasters used to sample the coffee during roasting, ...

https://www.instructables.com/Degree-of-Roast-Infrared-Analyzer-for-Coffee-Roast/

... solid phase Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry data are presented.. Key ...

https://erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?ID=8488&S=Bozenko_JS&SField=Author

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Manual of Analytical Methods includes three laboratory methods for measuring crystalline silica: X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and colorimetry (VIS). (cdc.gov)
The purpose of this study was to determine if photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (PA-FTIR) spectroscopy could be a viable alternative for laboratory analysis of crystalline silica samples. (cdc.gov)
The present paper investigated the feasibility of using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics for identifying and quantifying melamine in liquor milk. (hindawi.com)
In particular, Raman, infrared, and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been successfully used in adulteration detection for various food products such as milk and honey. (hindawi.com)
Chitin, before and after the treatments, was characterized by N2 adsorption isotherms (BET), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (researchgate.net)
The characterization of the adsorbent was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. (researchgate.net)
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (FTNMR) spectroscopy, solid phase Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry data are presented. (erowid.org)
The physicochemical property of NOR-PC was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). (dovepress.com)
The study applied flotation tests, pulp potential measurements, contact angle measurements, adsorption calculations, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses to demonstrate the correlation between reagents and minerals. (mdpi.com)
As these bands can overlap in wavelength, and the corresponding signatures from them are weak, decisive identification requires precision infrared spectroscopy. (nature.com)
The photodynamics of wtGFP have been studied by ultrafast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (TIR). (ox.ac.uk)
FTIR stands for Fourier transform infrared, the preferred method of infrared spectroscopy. (thermofisher.com)
The usefulness of infrared spectroscopy arises because different chemical structures (molecules) produce different spectral fingerprints. (thermofisher.com)
Pasquini says that near infrared spectroscopy is based on the study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter. (fapesp.br)
Therefore, after synthesizes, all samples were investigated in term of chemical structure, microstructure and fluorescence properties by infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry. (researchsquare.com)
Vibrational (Infrared) Spectroscopy 6. (pragatiprakashan.in)

Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
In addition to the expected bleaching and transient infrared absorption of bands associated with the chromophore, we observe the dynamics of the proton relay reaction in the protein. (ox.ac.uk)
Infrared is a powerful identification tool for functional groups because of the similar absorption frequencies for those groups in different molecules. (thermofisher.com)
The technique involves measuring the intensity of radiation absorption in the near infrared range according to the wavelength produced by a certain object or sample. (fapesp.br)
Spectrophotometry in the infrared region, usually for the purpose of chemical analysis through measurement of absorption spectra associated with rotational and vibrational energy levels of molecules. (bvsalud.org)

A catalogue of near infrared spectra of southern galactic Wolf-Rayet stars. (u-strasbg.fr)
Infrared transmission spectra for extrasolar giant planets. (nature.com)
Near-infrared (NIR) is a band of light that is commonly used to quantify compounds in a plant, as it interacts with them to produce different spectra based on the composition of samples. (felixinstruments.com)

P&CAM 159 [4] and S272 [5] use similar samplers with measurement by fluorescence spectrophotometry. (cdc.gov)

This field-based silica monitoring technique involves the use of small, and easily deployable, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers used for data collection followed by multivariate regression methodologies including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS). (cdc.gov)

We present calibrations for star formation rate (SFR) indicators in the ultraviolet, mid-infrared, and radio-continuum bands, including one of the first direct calibrations of 150 MHz as an SFR indicator. (port.ac.uk)

The precursor of this device is the MicroNIR 1700 portable spectrophotometer, a compact instrument that operates in the near infrared wavelength, invisible to the human eye. (fapesp.br)

Infrared photometry of southern Wolf-Rayet stars. (u-strasbg.fr)
12. Most of our photometry and spectrophotometry are measured from the same region of each galaxy, and our spectrophotometry has been validated with SDSS photometry, so our random and systematic errors are small relative to the intrinsic scatter seen in SFR indicator calibrations. (port.ac.uk)

Infrared spectrophotometry is used to study and identify chemical substances or functional groups in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms. (infinitalab.com)

Any aerosol (e.g., tobacco smoke) which absorbs infrared radiation near 2950 cm-1 interferes. (cdc.gov)
He pioneered the use of astronomical spectrophotometry and discovered infrared radiation. (thefamouspeople.com)
When we concentrate the appropriate amount of radiation that can be absorbed by a certain chemical bond, for example, this radiation is attenuated and transfers some of its energy to the vibration of the bonded atoms, which is recorded by the NIR spectrophotometry equipment," says Pasquini. (fapesp.br)

The optical spectrometry is the technique for measuring the distribution of light across the optical spectrum, from the UV spectral region to the visible and infrared. (horiba.com)

Visible Spectrophotometry and Colorimetry 8. (pragatiprakashan.in)

Two independent analytical instruments were used to measure the resulting SF6 concentrations in the LEV exhaust duct, a Bruel & Kjaer (B&K) photoacoustic analyzer and a Miran SapphIRe infrared spectrometer. (cdc.gov)
The Agtron Process Analyzer is an industry standard instrument used to measure the degree of roast of coffee beans using near-infrared abridged spectrophotometry. (instructables.com)
The Degree of Roast Infrared Analyzer for Coffee Roasters , as described in this document, is meant to be an inexpensive means of measuring the degree of roast of coffee beans. (instructables.com)
The Degree of Roast Infrared Analyzer uses a tryer, a tool found on coffee roasters used to sample the coffee during roasting, to hold a sample of coffee. (instructables.com)
The tryer is inserted into the analyzer where the AS7263 NIR Spectral sensor is used to measure 6 different infrared bands (610, 680, 730, 760, 810, and 860nm). (instructables.com)

1.1 This test method uses an infrared spectrometer for determining the amount of polypropylene (PP) physically mixed in with low density polyethylene - usually for recycling purposes. (astm.org)

The relatively good transparency of biological materials in the near infrared region of the spectrum permits sufficient photon transmission through organs in situ for the monitoring of cellular events. (nih.gov)
In this test, the infrared spectrum of a sample is recorded by passing a beam of infrared light through the sample. (infinitalab.com)
Here we report a near-infrared transmission spectrum of the planet HD 189733b that shows the presence of methane. (nature.com)

NIR spectrophotometry is used for quantitative measurement of organic functional groups, especially O-H (oxygen and hydrogen bonding), N-H (nitrogen and hydrogen bonding) and C=O (double bonding between carbon and oxygen). (fapesp.br)

The near-infrared (NIR) spectral region lies approximately from 780 nm to 2500 nm (4000 cm -1 to 12,800 cm -1 ) bridging the more well known and analytically used regions of the UV-vis (190-780 nm) and the infrared (4000-600 cm -1 ). (spectroscopyonline.com)
The S14650/S14660 series offer nearly flat spectral response characteristics with high quantum efficiency from the UV to near infrared region. (hamamatsu.com)

Gilliland, R. L. & Arribas, S. High signal-to-noise differential NICMOS spectrophotometry. (nature.com)

Objective: To identify the chemical composition of gallstones in Songklanagarind Hospital by infrared spectrophotometry and determine the relation of body mass index with composition of gallstones.Materials and Methods: Gallstones were obtained from cholecystectomy patients in Songklanagarind Hospital and examined with spectrophotometry KBr disk method. (who.int)

Aim: We assessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients' cerebral oxygenation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using near infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS). (erdogan.edu.tr)

NOTE: Sta nd ard glas s c ells m ayb e use d if infrared quartz cells are not available. (cdc.gov)

ASTM D6248-98 test method is used to determine the unsaturation in Polyethylene by Infrared Spectrophotometry. (infinitalab.com)
and an alternative method to determine the octane rating of gasoline, which is known as infrared spectrophotometry. (ftc.gov)

Currently, spectrophotometry combined with chemometrics seems to be a kind of attractive methods in analytical chemistry [ 17 - 19 ]. (hindawi.com)

VCC 6150 Lamps - These are incandescent bulbs chosen because of their high infrared output. (instructables.com)

Infrared analysis overcomes both of these limitations. (cdc.gov)

The incandescent bulbs are used instead of the LED light provided on the AS7263 module because the onboard LED does not emit the infrared output needed to reflect off of the coffee beans and to be subsequently measured by the sensor. (instructables.com)

ASTM D6248-98 test method is used to measure these unsaturations using Infrared spectrophotometry. (infinitalab.com)

We find that the Wide-field Infrared Space Explorer W4 (22.8 μ m), Spitzer 24 μ m, and 1.4 GHz bands have tight correlations with the Balmer-decrement-corrected Hα luminosity, with a scatter of only 0.2 dex. (port.ac.uk)

Anatomy8

Organisms9

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment60

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science4

Health Care12

UV irradiation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ices: production of alcohols, quinones, and ethers. (1/2682)

Conformational changes generated in GroEL during ATP hydrolysis as seen by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. (2/2682)

A new bile acid conjugate, ciliatocholic acid, from bovine gall bladder bile. (3/2682)

Infrared dichroism of the DNA-caffeine complex. A new method for determination of the ligand orientation. (4/2682)

The two-dimensional IR nonlinear spectroscopy of a cyclic penta-peptide in relation to its three-dimensional structure. (5/2682)

High base pair opening rates in tracts of GC base pairs. (6/2682)

2-mercapto N-(azolyl)benzenesulfonamides. VI. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of some new 2-mercapto-N-(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives containing the 1,2,4-triazole moiety fused with a variety of heteroaromatic rings. (7/2682)

Synthesis, anti-HIV and anticancer activities of new 4-(2-mercaptobenzenesulfonyl)perhydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-ones. (8/2682)

Spectrophotometry, Atomic

Spectrophotometry

Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Spectrophotometry, Infrared

Tablets

Zinc

Calibration

Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

Graphite

Oxyhemoglobins

Kinetics

Microchemistry

Oxidation-Reduction

Spectrum Analysis

Thermography

Indocyanine Green

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Copper

Coloring Agents

Color

Aluminum

Methods

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Indicators and Reagents

Magnesium Compounds

Bilirubin

Spectrometry, Fluorescence

Lead

Chromatography, Thin Layer

Trace Elements

Temperature

Blood Volume Determination

Water

Colorimetry

Methemoglobin

Potassium Compounds

Flow Injection Analysis

Dithionite

Solutions

Chromium

Hydrochloric Acid

Densitometry

Potassium Iodide

Metals, Heavy

Carboxyhemoglobin

Autoanalysis

Magnesium

Reproducibility of Results

Mercury

Spinal Puncture

Borates

Oxygen

Hemoglobins

Chemistry

Iron

Chemical Phenomena

Baccharis

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning

Particle Size

Time Factors

Drug Stability

Carbon Monoxide

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins

Myoglobin

Ferric Compounds

Tantalum

Electron Transport Complex IV

Models, Chemical

Cadmium

Chromatography, Gas

Light

Manganese

Molecular Structure

Technology, Pharmaceutical

Hair

Erythrocytes

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Solvents

Water Pollutants, Chemical