Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Spectrophotometry, Infrared
Tablets
Zinc
A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
Graphite
Microchemistry
Oxyhemoglobins
Calibration
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Copper
Aluminum
Indocyanine Green
Color
Coloring Agents
Lead
Indicators and Reagents
Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)
Trace Elements
Spectrum Analysis
Colorimetry
Blood Volume Determination
Method for determining the circulating blood volume by introducing a known quantity of foreign substance into the blood and determining its concentration some minutes later when thorough mixing has occurred. From these two values the blood volume can be calculated by dividing the quantity of injected material by its concentration in the blood at the time of uniform mixing. Generally expressed as cubic centimeters or liters per kilogram of body weight.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Flow Injection Analysis
Chromium
Densitometry
Potassium Iodide
Metals, Heavy
Hydrochloric Acid
Mercury
A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.
Magnesium
Spinal Puncture
Baccharis
Iron
Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Tantalum
Temperature
Hemoglobins
Chemistry
Cadmium
Chemical Phenomena
Oxygen
Solutions
Hair
Manganese
A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
Water
Erythrocytes
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Flavins
Nephelometry and Turbidimetry
Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.
Chromatography, Gas
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
Platinum
Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th ed) It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as "alutiae".
Electron Transport Complex IV
A multisubunit enzyme complex containing CYTOCHROME A GROUP; CYTOCHROME A3; two copper atoms; and 13 different protein subunits. It is the terminal oxidase complex of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN and collects electrons that are transferred from the reduced CYTOCHROME C GROUP and donates them to molecular OXYGEN, which is then reduced to water. The redox reaction is simultaneously coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Palladium
Limit of Detection
Nickel
Methylene Blue
A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.
Selenium
Cobalt
Cytochromes
Hemeproteins whose characteristic mode of action involves transfer of reducing equivalents which are associated with a reversible change in oxidation state of the prosthetic group. Formally, this redox change involves a single-electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539). The various cytochrome subclasses are organized by the type of HEME and by the wavelength range of their reduced alpha-absorption bands.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Ultrafiltration
The separation of particles from a suspension by passage through a filter with very fine pores. In ultrafiltration the separation is accomplished by convective transport; in DIALYSIS separation relies instead upon differential diffusion. Ultrafiltration occurs naturally and is a laboratory procedure. Artificial ultrafiltration of the blood is referred to as HEMOFILTRATION or HEMODIAFILTRATION (if combined with HEMODIALYSIS).
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Hydrochlorothiazide
A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.
Environmental Monitoring
Molybdenum
Myoglobin
Models, Chemical
Reference Values
Technology, Pharmaceutical
The application of scientific knowledge or technology to pharmacy and the pharmaceutical industry. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation in the manufacture, preparation, compounding, dispensing, packaging, and storing of drugs and other preparations used in diagnostic and determinative procedures, and in the treatment of patients.
Quality Control
Melanins
Cyanides
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
A noninvasive technique that uses the differential absorption properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin to evaluate tissue oxygenation and indirectly can measure regional hemodynamics and blood flow. Near-infrared light (NIR) can propagate through tissues and at particular wavelengths is differentially absorbed by oxygenated vs. deoxygenated forms of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Illumination of intact tissue with NIR allows qualitative assessment of changes in the tissue concentration of these molecules. The analysis is also used to determine body composition.
Solvents
Electron Transport
Evaluation Studies as Topic
Molecular Structure
Mass Spectrometry
Cattle
Absorption
Silicon Dioxide
Plant Extracts
Oxygen Consumption
Electrons
Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.
Micelles
Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.
Reference Standards
Catalysis
Buffers
Antioxidants
Methanol
Solubility
Electrochemistry
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
NADP
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Heme
Arsenic
A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Rats, Inbred Strains
Carotenoids
Thermodynamics
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
Liver
DNA Adducts
Drug Carriers
Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.
Metals
Cytochrome c Group
Protein Binding
Superoxide Dismutase
Catalase
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
Materials Testing
Mathematics
Chelating Agents
Carbonic Anhydrases
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide
Rabbits
Nitrogenase
Phenobarbital
Sensitivity and Specificity
Polyethylene Glycols
Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Circular Dichroism
Food Contamination
Oxidative Stress
Ascorbic Acid
A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
Horses
Drug Delivery Systems
Fluorescence
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Nitrites
Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Drug Combinations
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Hydrogen Peroxide
Cations
Edetic Acid
Scattering, Radiation
Oxidants
Rats, Wistar
Lipid Peroxidation
Peroxidase
NAD
A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Binding Sites
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Anaerobiosis
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Environmental Exposure
Glutathione Peroxidase
Serum Albumin
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Permeability
Plant Leaves
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Structure-Activity Relationship
Nanoparticles
Substrate Specificity
Analysis of Variance
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
Fluorescent Dyes
Osmolar Concentration
Occupational Exposure
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Protons
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
A comparison of techniques for the quantitative analysis of hyaluronic acid in equine synovial fluid. (1/8806)
A comparison of methods of preparing the hyaluronic acid of equine synovial fluid for quantitative spectrophotographic analysis is presented. A new method is proposed which appears superior to the previous methods. (+info)The direct spectrophotometric observation of benzo(a)pyrene phenol formation by liver microsomes. (2/8806)
Optical spectral repetitive scan analysis during the oxidative metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by liver microsomal suspensions reveals the time-dependent formation of an intermediate(s) of which the visible spectra resemble those of several benzo(a)pyrene phenols. Liver microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats showed a greater rate of formation of the phenols than did microsomes from control animals; the rate of formation catalyzed by liver microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats was intermediate. When 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene was used as a standard for comparison of activity, the rates of formation of phenols were compared when measured by fluorometric, spectrophotometric, or high-pressure liquid chromatographic analytical techniques. An epoxide hydrase inhibitor, 1,1,1-trichloropropene-2,3-oxide, enhanced phenol formation regardless of the source of liver microsomes, and 7,8-benzoflavone inhibited control and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene, 7,8-Benzoflavone did not effect benzo(a)pyrene metabolism by liver microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats. The effect of inhibitors on the spectrophotometric assay correlates well with the results obtained from benzo(a)pyrene metabolite analysis using high-pressure liquid chromatography. (+info)Accumulation of astaxanthin all-E, 9Z and 13Z geometrical isomers and 3 and 3' RS optical isomers in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is selective. (3/8806)
Concentrations of all-E-, 9Z- and 13Z- geometrical and (3R,3'R), (3R, 3'S) and (3S,3'S) optical isomers of astaxanthin were determined in rainbow trout liver, gut tissues, kidney, skin and blood plasma to evaluate their body distribution. Two cold-pelleted diets containing predominantly all-E-astaxanthin (36.9 mg/kg astaxanthin, 97% all-E-, 0.4% 9Z-, 1.5% 13Z-astaxanthin, and 1.1% other isomers, respectively) or a mixture of all-E- and Z-astaxanthins (35.4 mg/kg astaxanthin, 64% all-E-, 18.7% 9Z-, 12.3% 13Z-astaxanthin, and 2.0% other isomers, respectively), were fed to duplicate groups of trout for 69 d. Individual E/Z isomers were identified by VIS- and 1H-NMR-spectrometry, and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Significantly higher total carotenoid concentration was observed in plasma of trout fed diets with all-E-astaxanthin (P < 0.05). The relative E/Z-isomer concentrations of plasma, skin and kidney were not significantly different among groups, whereas all-E-astaxanthin was higher in intestinal tissues and 13Z-astaxanthin was lower in liver of trout fed all-E-astaxanthin (P < 0.05). The relative amount of hepatic 13Z-astaxanthin (39-49% of total astaxanthin) was higher than in all other samples (P < 0.05). Synthetic, optically inactive astaxanthin was used in all experiments, and the determined dietary ratio between the 3R,3'R:3R, 3'S (meso):3S,3'S optical isomers was 25.3:49.6:25.1. The distribution of R/S-astaxanthin isomers in feces, blood, liver and fillet was similar to that in the diets. The ratio between (3S,3'S)- and (3R,3'R)-astaxanthin in the skin and posterior kidney was ca. 2:1 and 3:1, respectively, regardless of dietary E/Z-astaxanthin composition. The results show that geometrical and optical isomers of astaxanthin are distributed selectively in different tissues of rainbow trout. (+info)Reactivity of cyanate with valine-1 (alpha) of hemoglobin. A probe of conformational change and anion binding. (4/8806)
The 3-fold increase in the carbamylation rate of Val-1 (alpha) of hemoglobin upon deoxygenation described earlier is now shown to be a sensitive probe of conformational change. Thus, whereas this residue in methemoglobin A is carbamylated at the same rate as in liganded hemoglobin, upon addition of inositol hexaphosphate its carbamylation rate is enhanced 30% as much as the total change in the rate between the CO and deoxy states. For CO-hemoglobin Kansas in the presence of the organic phosphate, the relative increase in the carbamylation rate of this residue is about 50%. These results indicate that methemoglobin A and hemoglobin Kansas in the presence of inositol hexaphosphate do not assume a conformation identical with deoxyhemoglobin but rather form either a mixture of R and T states or an intermediate conformation in the region around Val-1 (alpha). Studies on the mechanism for the rate enhancement in deoxyhemoglobin suggest that the cyanate anion binds to groups in the vicinity of Val-1 (alpha) prior to proton transfer and carbamylation of this NH2-terminal residue. Thus, specific removal with carboxypeptidase B of Arg-141 (alpha), which is close to Val-1 (alpha) in deoxyhemoglobin, abolishes the enhancement in carbamylation. Chloride, which has the same valency as cyanate, is a better competitive inhibitor of the carbamylation of deoxyhemoglobin (Ki = 50 mM) compared with liganded hemoglobin. Nitrate and iodide are also effective inhibitors of the carbamylation of Val-1 (alpha) of deoxyhemoglobin (Ki = 35 mM); inorganic phosphate, sulfate, and fluoride are poor competitive inhibitors. The change in pKa of Val-1 (alpha) upon deoxygenation may be due to its differential interaction with chloride. (+info)Negligible amount of copper in hepatic L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. (5/8806)
During the purification of L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, a protohemoprotein from rat liver, both copper and heme contents of the preparations were found to be progressively increased as purification proceeded. However, the greater part of copper was removed in the late stages of the purification giving a copper to heme ratio less than 0.4. The small amounts of copper could further be reduced by one-half, by a mild treatment of enzyme with chelators such as ethylenedi aminetetraacetate, without any accompanying decrease in enzymatic activity. Since the turnover number of these enzyme preparations expressed per mol of enzyme-bound heme, 200 to 277 min-1 at 25 degrees, were either comparable to or slightly higher than those reported with homogeneous enzyme preparations, the heme in the preparation was considered to be of fully active L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and, therefore, such a small ratio of copper to heme, 0.1 to 0.3, indicated that copper is not a constituent of L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase of rat liver. The findings were thus inconsistent with the results of Brady et al. (Brady, F. O., Monaco, M. E. Forman, H. J. Schutz, G., and Feigelson, P. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 7915-7922), who found that L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase contained 2 g atoms of copper and 2 mol of heme/mol of enzyme. Possible reasons for this discrepancy have been discussed. (+info)Selenium redox biochemistry of zinc-sulfur coordination sites in proteins and enzymes. (6/8806)
Selenium has been increasingly recognized as an essential element in biology and medicine. Its biochemistry resembles that of sulfur, yet differs from it by virtue of both redox potentials and stabilities of its oxidation states. Selenium can substitute for the more ubiquitous sulfur of cysteine and as such plays an important role in more than a dozen selenoproteins. We have chosen to examine zinc-sulfur centers as possible targets of selenium redox biochemistry. Selenium compounds release zinc from zinc/thiolate-coordination environments, thereby affecting the cellular thiol redox state and the distribution of zinc and likely of other metal ions. Aromatic selenium compounds are excellent spectroscopic probes of the otherwise relatively unstable functional selenium groups. Zinc-coordinated thiolates, e.g., metallothionein (MT), and uncoordinated thiolates, e.g., glutathione, react with benzeneseleninic acid (oxidation state +2), benzeneselenenyl chloride (oxidation state 0) and selenocystamine (oxidation state -1). Benzeneseleninic acid and benzeneselenenyl chloride react very rapidly with MT and titrate substoichiometrically and with a 1:1 stoichiometry, respectively. Selenium compounds also catalyze the release of zinc from MT in peroxidation and thiol/disulfide-interchange reactions. The selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase catalytically oxidizes MT and releases zinc in the presence of t-butyl hydroperoxide, suggesting that this type of redox chemistry may be employed in biology for the control of metal metabolism. Moreover, selenium compounds are likely targets for zinc/thiolate coordination centers in vivo, because the reactions are only partially suppressed by excess glutathione. This specificity and the potential to undergo catalytic reactions at low concentrations suggests that zinc release is a significant aspect of the therapeutic antioxidant actions of selenium compounds in antiinflammatory and anticarcinogenic agents. (+info)Structure and function in rhodopsin: further elucidation of the role of the intradiscal cysteines, Cys-110, -185, and -187, in rhodopsin folding and function. (7/8806)
The disulfide bond between Cys-110 and Cys-187 in the intradiscal domain is required for correct folding in vivo and function of mammalian rhodopsin. Misfolding in rhodopsin, characterized by the loss of ability to bind 11-cis-retinal, has been shown to be caused by an intradiscal disulfide bond different from the above native disulfide bond. Further, naturally occurring single mutations of the intradiscal cysteines (C110F, C110Y, and C187Y) are associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). To elucidate further the role of every one of the three intradiscal cysteines, mutants containing single-cysteine replacements by alanine residues and the above three RP mutants have been studied. We find that C110A, C110F, and C110Y all form a disulfide bond between C185 and C187 and cause loss of retinal binding. C185A allows the formation of a C110-C187 disulfide bond, with wild-type-like rhodopsin phenotype. C187A forms a disulfide bond between C110 and C185 and binds retinal, and the pigment formed has markedly altered bleaching behavior. However, the opsin from the RP mutant C187Y forms no rhodopsin chromophore. (+info)Specificity of native-like interhelical hydrophobic contacts in the apomyoglobin intermediate. (8/8806)
On exposure to mildly acidic conditions, apomyoglobin forms a partially folded intermediate, I. The A, B, G, and H helices are significantly structured in this equilibrium intermediate, whereas the remainder of the protein is largely unfolded. We report here the effects of mutations at helix pairing sites on the stability of I in three classes of mutants that: (i) truncate hydrophobic side chains in native helix packing sites, (ii) truncate hydrophobic side chains not involved in interhelical contacts, and (iii) extend hydrophobic side chains at residues not involved in interhelical contacts. Class I mutants significantly decrease the stability and cooperativity of folding of the intermediate. Class II and III mutants show smaller effects on stability and have little effect on cooperativity. Qualitatively similar results to those found in I were obtained for all three classes of mutants in native myoglobin (N), demonstrating that hydrophobic burial is fairly specific to native helix packing sites in I as well as in N. These results suggest that hydrophobic burial along native-like interhelical contacts is important for the formation of the cooperatively folded intermediate. (+info)
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Protein Quantitation using the Bradford assay and Spectrophotometry Free Short Essay Example
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Spectrophotometric measurement of carboxyhemoglobin and methem...
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Spectrophotometric analysis of flavonoid-DNA interactions and DNA damaging/protecting and cytotoxic potential of flavonoids in...
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Determination of total phenolic content of Prunella L. by immobilized enzyme bioreactor - Analytical Methods (RSC Publishing)
Microspectrophotometer | Define Microspectrophotometer at Dictionary.com
Postmortem CO-oximetry
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Exploring How Spectrophotometric Analysis Can Enhance Color Consistency in Ceramic Tile - HunterLab Horizons Blog
A Spectrophotometric Analysis of Pigments in Apples, Russian Journal of Plant Physiology | 10.1023/A:1016780624280 | DeepDyve
Spectrophotometric analysis of myocardial oxygen metabolism in perfused rat hearts
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On one hand, centrifugal separation could remove the graphite par | Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor|Tyrosine Kinase|Receptor Tyrosine...
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NADPH as a co-substrate for studies of the chlorinating activity of myeloperoxidase | Biochemical Journal
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Measurement of sulfobromophthalein uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes by a direct spectrophotometric method. | Archivio della...
Optical absorption studies of sodium doped poly(cyanoterephthalylidene)
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Microspectrophotometer
CRAIC Technologies Microspectrophotometer & Microspectrometer
protein tumor markers - Journal for the International Association for Laboratory Learning and Technology
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Signosis
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CN105806508B - A kind of self calibration fiber temperature sensing system
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Multiple Pigment Selection for Inpainting Using Visible Reflectance Spectrophotometry - USP
The absorbance of a protein solution measured in a 1.0 cm cuvette at 278
Remote sensing for atmospheric composition
O<sub>2</sub> release from Hb vesicles evaluated using an artificial, narrow O<sub>2</sub>-permeable tube: Comparison with RBCs...
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Determination of the branch-point energy of InN : chemical trends in common-cation and common-anion semiconductors - WRAP:...
City Research Online - Electro-optical Plethysmography for Non-invasive Estimation of Hemoglobin Concentration
Separation of certain components of human urine on columns of polysaccharide gels and isolation of substance absorbing at 260...
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Thermo Scientific Evolution 300 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer:Spectrophotometers,
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Savitzky-Golay filter
Talsky, Gerhard (1994-10-04). Derivative Spectrophotometry. Wiley. ISBN 978-3527282944. Abbaspour, Abdolkarim; Khajehzadeha, ... "The Analysis of Overlapping Spectral Absorption Bands by Derivative Spectrophotometry". Appl. Spectrosc. 9 (2): 78-96. Bibcode: ...
Xanthochromia
However, recent guidelines suggest that spectrophotometry should be performed. Spectrophotometry relies on the different ... Spectrophotometry can also detect the presence of oxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin, which absorb light at 410-418 nm and 403-410 ... Chu, K; Hann, A; Greenslade, J; Williams, J; Brown, A (Mar 10, 2014). "Spectrophotometry or Visual Inspection to Most Reliably ... There is still disagreement about whether or not to routinely use spectrophotometry or whether visual inspection is adequate, ...
Forensic colorimetry
doi:10.1016/S0379-0738(96)02038-5. "2.1.5: Spectrophotometry". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2020-12-26. Murray, ...
Förster resonance energy transfer
ISBN 978-3-527-31555-0. Harris DC (2010). "Applications of Spectrophotometry". Quantitative Chemical Analysis (8th ed.). New ...
Sulfanilic acid
"Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry". Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th Edition. Longman. p. 702. ISBN 0- ...
N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine
G. H. Jerffery; J. Bassett; J. Mendham; R. C. Denney (1989). "Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry". Vogel's Textbook of ...
Spectronic 20
Morris, Rob (November 2, 2015). "UNIT 2.1 Spectrophotometry". Current Protocols in Essential Laboratory Techniques (Online). ... "Celebrating 50 years of spectrophotometry". Thermo Fisher Scientific (Molecular Spectroscopy). Retrieved 10 December 2003. ...
Spectrophotometry
"Spectrophotometry". NIST. Retrieved Dec 23, 2018.. *^ a b c d e f g h i j Ninfa AJ, Ballou DP, Benore M (2010). Fundamental ... "Spectrophotometry Applications and Fundamentals". www.mt.com. Mettler-Toledo International Inc. Retrieved Jul 4, 2018.. ... UV-visible spectrophotometryEdit. Main article: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Most spectrophotometers are used in the UV ... IR spectrophotometryEdit. Main article: Infrared spectroscopy. Spectrophotometers designed for the infrared region are quite ...
Reciprocity (photography)
ISBN 978-0-521-77096-5. W. M. H. Greaves (1936). "Time Effects in Spectrophotometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical ... 22 (67). Bibcode:1913POPot..67.....K. Loyd A. Jones (July 1927). "Photographic Spectrophotometry in the Ultra-Violet Region". ...
Comet dust
"grains" Newburn, R; Spinrad, H (Dec 1985). "Spectrophotometry of seventeen comets. II - The continuum". Astronomical Journal. ...
Cary 14 Spectrophotometer
CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Clarke, F. J. J. (June 5, 1972). "High Accuracy Spectrophotometry at the National ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Hind, Andrew R. (December 2002). "To improvements in spectrophotometry. . " (PDF). ... Sommer, L. (1989). Analytical absorption spectrophotometry in the visible and ultraviolet : the principles. Amsterdam: Elsevier ...
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
If UV/Vis spectrophotometry is used in quantitative chemical analysis then the results are additionally affected by uncertainty ... Samples for UV/Vis spectrophotometry are most often liquids, although the absorbance of gases and even of solids can also be ... "Spectrophotometry Applications and Fundamentals". www.mt.com. Retrieved 10 July 2018. Forensic Fiber Examination Guidelines, ... In addition, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry can be used to determine the thickness, along with the refractive index and ...
Crab Nebula
I - Spectrophotometry of the filaments". The Astrophysical Journal. 258 (1): 1-10. Bibcode:1982ApJ...258....1F. doi:10.1086/ ...
Astronomical spectroscopy
... this is known as spectrophotometry. Radio astronomy was founded with the work of Karl Jansky in the early 1930s, while working ...
Cygnus Loop
Fesen RA; Blair WP; Kirshner RP (Nov 1982). "Spectrophotometry of the Cygnus Loop". Astrophys. J. 262 (12): 171-88. Bibcode: ...
Xi2 Ceti
doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.Vizier catalog entry Bessell, Michael S. (1999). "Spectrophotometry: Revised Standards and ...
Cross section (physics)
"2. Spectrophotometry". Biological Instrumentation and Biology. ISBN 978-81-219-2633-1. ...
Beer-Lambert law
Chemical analysis by spectrophotometryEdit. Beer-Lambert law can be applied to the analysis of a mixture by spectrophotometry, ... with solute is ratioed against the transmittance of the pure solvent which explains why it works so well in spectrophotometry. ...
AB magnitude
"Secondary standard stars for absolute spectrophotometry". The Astrophysical Journal. 266: 713-717. Bibcode:1983ApJ...266..713O ...
Aromatic amino acid
Schmid F (April 2001). "Biological Macromolecules: UV‐visible Spectrophotometry" (PDF). Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS). ...
WD 1145+017
"Fast spectrophotometry of WD 1145+017". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 481 (1): 703-714. arXiv:1808.07320. ...
Leonard Hanssen
He is an expert in infrared spectrophotometry and integrating sphere design and applications. Hanssen earned B.S. degrees in ... "Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIS) facility". NIST. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-11-01. Hanssen, Leonard; Kaplan ... He manages the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIS) Facility, which was developed to take low uncertainty ... He is the project leader for infrared spectrophotometry in the Sensor Science Division of the Physical Measurement Laboratory. ...
Ellen S. Stewart
Her 1941 honor's thesis was titled, A simple method of visual spectrophotometry. Stewart enrolled in Johns Hopkins University ... Swomley, Ellen Elizabeth (1941). A simple method of visual spectrophotometry. OCLC 22150920. "Johns Hopkins Univ. awards ...
Visualant
CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Gail Overton (2013-01-16). "SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: ChromaID scanner challenges traditional ... spectrophotometry". LaserFocusWorld. Retrieved 2014-06-23. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Investors". Visualant. ...
Para-Nitrophenylphosphate
Spectrophotometry is a technique in which we measure the amount of light absorbed by the sample, and from this absorbance using ... Matsushima, Ayako; Inoue, Yorinao; Shibata, Kazuo (1975). "Derivative absorption spectrophotometry of native proteins". ...
Astrochemistry
Advances in Standards and Methodology in Spectrophotometry. Burlington: Elsevier Science. p. 1. ISBN 978-0444599056. "A ...
History of spectroscopy
Advances in Standards and Methodology in Spectrophotometry. Burlington: Elsevier Science. p. 1. ISBN 9780444599056. "The Era of ...
Canopus
Kondo, Y.; Henize, K. G.; Kotila, C. L. (1970). "Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry of Canopus from Gemini XI". The Astrophysical ...
Phobos (moon)
March 2002). "Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry of Phobos and Deimos". Icarus. 156 (1): 64-75. Bibcode:2002Icar..156...64R. doi: ...
Konica Minolta
"Analyzing the Color of Beer with Spectrophotometry". Konica Minolta Color, Light, and Display Measuring Instruments. Retrieved ...
Spectrophotometry - Wikipedia
"Spectrophotometry". NIST. Retrieved Dec 23, 2018.. *^ a b c d e f g h i j Ninfa AJ, Ballou DP, Benore M (2010). Fundamental ... UV-visible spectrophotometry[edit]. Main article: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Most spectrophotometers are used in the UV ... "Spectrophotometry Applications and Fundamentals". www.mt.com. Mettler-Toledo International Inc. Retrieved Jul 4, 2018.. ... IR spectrophotometry[edit]. Main article: Infrared spectroscopy. Spectrophotometers designed for the infrared region are quite ...
Spectrophotometry | physics | Britannica.com
Spectrophotometry, branch of spectroscopy that deals with measurement of the radiant energy transmitted or reflected by a body ... Spectrophotometry, branch of spectroscopy that deals with measurement of the radiant energy transmitted or reflected by a body ... Spectrophotometry of protein solutions (the measurement of the degree of absorbance of light by a protein within a specified ... Infrared spectrophotometry is most commonly used in studying the molecular structures of complex organic compounds. ...
Micro-spectrophotometry | Encyclopedia.com
Source for information on Micro-spectrophotometry: World of Forensic Science dictionary. ... Micro-spectrophotometry Micro-spectrophotometry (MSP) is an essential tool in the forensic analysis of many kinds of trace ... Micro-spectrophotometry. Micro-spectrophotometry (MSP) is an essential tool in the forensic analysis of many kinds of trace ... www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/micro-spectrophotometry ...
Patent US4972331 - Phase modulated spectrophotometry - Google Patents
The application of the principles of dual wavelength spectrophotometry to time-resolved spectrophotometry involves the choice ... Patient Monitoring Using Combination of Continuous Wave Spectrophotometry and Phase Modulation Spectrophotometry. ... Phase modulated spectrophotometry. US5131391 *. May 31, 1990. Jul 21, 1992. Colin Electronics Co., Ltd.. Pulse oxymeter having ... It has now been found that the principles of dual wavelength spectrophotometry may be applied to time-resolved ...
Micro-spectrophotometry - Wikipedia
Spectrophotometry | British Astronomical Association
Hi Kate,. I have one but have not used it "in anger". To produce a spectrum calibrated in absolute flux, two sets of spectra are taken, one as normal in the narrow slit, and one effectively "slitless" using the wider part.. The narrow slit spectrum has the fine detail and accurate wavelength calibration but only includes the fraction of flux which happens to pass through the slit so cannot be used to measure the absolute flux. The wide slit spectrum has lower resolution and poorer wavelength calibration but includes the total flux from the target. By combining the two a fully flux calibrated spectrum can be produced with accurate wavelength and good resolution. Christian Buils page here shows how to do this using ISIS.. http://www.astrosurf.com/buil/calibration2/absolute_calibration_en.htm. and an example of it in use (in French). http://www.astrosurf.com/buil/alpy600/photometric_slit.htm. The conventional photometric brightnesses can then be calculated by integrating the spectrum over the ...
Spectrophotometry | SDSS
The spectrophotometry since DR2 is vastly improved compared to DR1, but the final calibrated spectra in DR2 and beyond are not ... The spectrophotometry was tied to the fiber magnitudes of stars, whose relation to the true, PSF magnitudes of stars is seeing- ... The spectrophotometry is normalized to PSF magnitudes for point sources.. The spectrophotometric algorithms were improved ... over the survey is 0.034). Users of spectra should note that the fractional improvement in spectrophotometry from DR1 to DR2 ...
High Resolution Low Temperature Spe ctrophotometry of Cyto chromes c | SpringerLink
Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis, Volume 10 - 1st Edition
Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis, Volume 10 - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780444505248 ... Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis, Volume 10 1st Edition. 0.0 star rating Write a review ... Spectrophotometry enables one to determine, with good precision and sensitivity, almost all the elements present in small and ... Principles of spectrophotometry. Spectrophotometric methods. Spectrophotometric reagents. Determination of Elements. Alkali ...
Analytical Absorption Spectrophotometry in the Visible and Ultraviolet, Volume 8 - 1st Edition
Purchase Analytical Absorption Spectrophotometry in the Visible and Ultraviolet, Volume 8 - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ... Basis of Spectrophotometry in UV and VIS. 2. Principles of Instrumentation. 3. Errors in Spectrophotometry. 4. Evaluation of ... 7. Complexation and Spectrophotometry. 8. Some Applications of UV and VIS Spectrophotometry. Appendix. Subject Index. ... Analytical Absorption Spectrophotometry in the Visible and Ultraviolet, Volume 8 1st Edition. The Principles. 0.0 star rating ...
Intracellular pH determination by absorption spectrophotometry of neutral red | SpringerLink
Lee, H. C., Forte, J. G., and Epel, D. (1982). The use of fluorescent amines for the measurement of pH: Applications in liposomes, gastric microsomes, and sea urchin gametes. In Nuccitelli, R., and Deamer, D. W. (eds.),Intracellular pH: Its Measurement, Regulation, and Utilization in Cellular Functions, Alan R. Liss, New York, pp. 135-160.Google Scholar ...
Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) Spectrophotometry - Chemistry | Lycoming College
What is the basic principle of atomic absorption spectrophotometry? | Reference.com
Spectrophotometry is a technique used in measuring the quantity ... ... The basic principle of atomic absorption spectrophotometry states that atoms absorb specific wavelengths of electromagnetic ... Spectrophotometry is a useful tool in quantitative analysis where the concentration of a substance is to be identified. Atomic ... The basic principle of atomic absorption spectrophotometry states that atoms absorb specific wavelengths of electromagnetic ...
Spectrophotometry
astrometry, COLLIMATORS, DWARF STARS, H ALPHA LINE, HEAO 1, LATE STARS, POSITION (LOCATION), Spectrophotometry, X RAY SOURCES ... astrometry, ENERGY SPECTRA, EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO SOURCES, QUASARS, RADIO ASTRONOMY, SEYFERT GALAXIES, Spectrophotometry, ... Spectrophotometry, SURFACE PROPERTIES, TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT, texture, THERMAL PROPERTIES, ULTRAVIOLET, VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS ... Spectrophotometry, SPECTRUM ANALYSIS, Star formation, STELLAR LUMINOSITY, X RAY SOURCES ...
Reliability Of DNA Quantification By Spectrophotometry - QIAGEN
The concentration of nucleic acids in solution can be readily calculated from the absorbance at 260 nm. This figure shows the standard deviation of |em>A|/em>|sub>260|/sub> measurements for serial dilutions of DNA. Although |em>A|/em>|sub>260|/sub> values between 0.1 and 1.0 are very reproducible, |em>A|/em>|sub>260|/sub> readings |0.1 and |1.0 lead to considerably lower reproducibility. Furthermore, readings above 3.0 are incorrect, which can potentially leading to underestimation of the DNA quantity. Therefore, for reliable spectrophotometric DNA quantification, |em>A|/em>|sub>260 |/sub>readings should lie between 0.1 and 1.0. When working with small amounts of DNA, quantification by agarose gel electrophoresis may be more reliable. electrophoresis may be more reliable.
Spectrophotometry applications, fundamentals, and tips and tricks
Find out what are spectrophotometry applications, and how to use a UV/VIS spectrophotometer for precise and accurate ... Find out what are spectrophotometry applications, and how to use a UV/VIS spectrophotometer for precise and accurate ... Download our UV/VIS Spectrophotometry Applications guide now to benefit from best practices in Spectroscopy and to have a ... The UV/VIS Spectrophotometry guide provides the reader with fundamental knowledge on this technique as well as ...
Spectrophotometry UV/VIS for micro-volume samples
Spectrophotometry for UV/VIS micro-volume samples. Easy and accurate UV/VIS micro-volume spectrophotometry with only one drop ... OneDrop UV Vis Spectrophotometry. Only a minimal amount of sample is required for accurate measurements. Wide concentration ... Easy and accurate UV/VIS micro-volume spectrophotometry with only one drop of sample. A wide range of concentrations is covered ... Spectrophotometry with LockPath™ Technology. *Wide concentration ranges without further dilutions. *Automatic or manual ...
Spectrophotometry | Atlas
Microdetermination of Methenamine in the Presence of Formaldehyde by Solid Phase Spectrophotometry
LC/MS Spectrophotometry | Laboratory Talk
Monitoring wastewater with UV spectrophotometry
USE OF THE SPECTROGRAPH AND DENSITOMETER FOR SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND COLORIMETRY. - Nokia Bell Labs
Spectrophotometry- NADH absorbance? - General Lab Techniques
Spectro-photometry of Neptune 20149/08/22 - Observational Astrophysics - Cloudy Nights
Determining an Equilibrium Constant Using Spectrophotometry | Rent 9780875403434 | 0875403433
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY OF ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS.
A scanning spectrophotometer equipped with a S-1 sensitive photomultiplier has been used to obtain auroral spectra in the wavelength region 6400A to 9700A. Emissions of neutrol and singly ionized molecular nitrogen, molecular oxygen, hydroxyl, and atomic lines of oxygen and nitrogen were recorded with 10 second scan times and 20 A resolution. A comparison of the relative intensities of several vibration bands of the N2 1PG system averaged over several scans with theoretical intensities and previously observed intensities reveals no evidence of selective excitation. A similar analysis of the Meinel N+2 bands also shows no evidence of selective excitation except possibly for the (1-0) band which seems enhanced on many spectra. The observations show that hydroxyl emissions are definitely associated with aurora. The association is not a direct one. There is a time lag of a few seconds between the brightening of the aurora and the enhancement of OH emissions. Similarly the OH emissions decay much more
Spectrophotometry, Infrared | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Spectrophotometry in the infrared region, usually for the purpose of chemical analysis through measurement of absorption ... "Spectrophotometry, Infrared" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Spectrophotometry, Infrared" by people in Harvard Catalyst ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Spectrophotometry, Infrared" by people in Profiles. ...
Estimation of the galanthamine using derivative spectrophotometry in bulk drug and formulation
First method is zero order UV spectrophotometry and second is 1st derivative zero crossing spectrophotometry. The developed ... First method is zero order UV spectrophotometry and second is 1st derivative zero crossing spectrophotometry. The developed ... alanthamine Hydrobromide (GH); Zero Order UV-Spectrophotometry; First Derivative Zero Crossing Spectrophotometry ... Mittal, K. , Kaushal, R. , Mashru, R. and Thakkar, A. (2010) Estimation of the galanthamine using derivative spectrophotometry ...
Derivative Spectrophotometry and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy for Ecological and Biological Questions | Vladimir...
This book provides a multidisciplinary overview to the application of high order derivative spectrophotometry and Electron Spin ... Derivative Spectrophotometry and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy for Ecological and Biological Questions. Authors. * ... Derivative Spectrophotometry and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy for Ecological and Biological Questions. Authors: ... This book provides a multidisciplinary overview to the application of high order derivative spectrophotometry and Electron Spin ...
Derivative spectrophotometryUltravioletDeterminationSpectroscopyWavelengthParticle size affect spectrophotometryMicro-volume spectrophotometryConcentrationSpectrophotometricSpectrophotometerVisible spectrophotometryChemistryPrincipleMeasurementAbsorbanceQuantifyWavelengths2020SensitivityQuantitative analysisCOLORIMETRYFlameAbsorption spectraMethodsReagentDiagnosisMonitoringContentMethodPracticeReflectionMeasurementsCommonlyLaboratoryAtomic emissionAnalysisConcentrationsWaterPrecisionSubduralMagnesiumSimultaneouslyApplications
Derivative spectrophotometry3
- This book provides a multidisciplinary overview to the application of high order derivative spectrophotometry and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in biology and ecology. (springer.com)
- Ansary A, Abdel-Moety MM, Abdel-Gawad FM, Mohamed EA, Khater MM (2012) Simultaneous Determination of Carvedilol and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablets and Spiked Human Plasma using Derivative Spectrophotometry. (omicsonline.org)
- The first method is the application of derivative spectrophotometry where the linearity range and percentage recoveries for DOM and CINN were 2.5â€"30 µg mLâ€"1, 5â€"25 µg mLâ€"1 and 100.06±1.157, 99.93±1.377, respectively. (ebscohost.com)
Ultraviolet9
- Although spectrophotometry is most commonly applied to ultraviolet, visible , and infrared radiation, modern spectrophotometers can interrogate wide swaths of the electromagnetic spectrum , including x-ray , ultraviolet , visible , infrared , and/or microwave wavelengths. (wikipedia.org)
- Ultraviolet spectrophotometry is particularly useful in detecting colourless substances in solution and measuring their concentration. (britannica.com)
- Moreover, the method and its instrumentation has recently undergone considerable development resulting in some new special approaches of spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) regions. (elsevier.com)
- Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry (UV-VIS) is useful for both quantitative and qualitative work. (lycoming.edu)
- Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet" by people in this website by year, and whether "Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
- Ultraviolet spectrophotometry is used to show the presence of rosin or ester gum modifications in the unsaponifiable portion of an isolated alkyd coating vehicle. (dtic.mil)
- The first method is based on the first derivative ( D) ultraviolet spectrophotometry, with zero crossing and peak to base measurement. (ebscohost.com)
Determination12
- An example of an experiment in which spectrophotometry is used is the determination of the equilibrium constant of a solution. (wikipedia.org)
- Spectrophotometric methods which are widely used for the determination of the elements in a large variety of inorganic materials are presented in the book whilst separation and preconcentration procedures combined with spectrophotometry are also described. (elsevier.com)
- This book contains recent advances in spectrophotometry, detailed discussion of the instrumentation, and the techniques and reagents used for spectrophotometric determination of elements in a wide range of materials as well as a detailed discussion of separation and preconcentration procedures that precede the spectrophotometric detection. (elsevier.com)
- Although there are a number of comprehensive textbooks dealing with UV/VIS spectrophotometry, they tend to describe historical aspects or contain collections of detailed procedures for the determination of analytes and do not reflect sufficiently the present state of the method and stage of development reached. (elsevier.com)
- 1.1 This practice covers general considerations for the quantitative determination of elements in water and waste water by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. (astm.org)
- Determination of Nitrite and Nitrogen Dioxide by Spectrophotometry After Solid Phase Extraction. (ebscohost.com)
- EL-DIDAMONY, A. M e MOUSTAFA, M. A . TWO SELECTIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THIORIDAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN TABLETS AND IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS . (scielo.cl)
- Comparison of the determination of magnesium by methylthymol blue spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Barbooti, M. (2015) Evaluation of Analytical Procedures in the Determination of Trace Metals in Heavy Crude Oils by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. (scirp.org)
- A new method for rapid determination of carbohydrate and total carbon concentrations using UV spectrophotometry. (nih.gov)
- Development and Validation of Chemometrics-Assisted Spectrophotometry and Liquid Chromatography Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of the Active Ingredients in Two Multicomponent Mixtures Containing Chiorpheniramine Maleate and. (ebscohost.com)
- A vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) method using isooctanol as extractant followed by spectrophotometry was developed for the extraction and determination of trace nitrite in water samples. (iwaponline.com)
Spectroscopy2
- Spectrophotometry is a branch of electromagnetic spectroscopy concerned with the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. (wikipedia.org)
- Spectrophotometry , branch of spectroscopy that deals with measurement of the radiant energy transmitted or reflected by a body as a function of the wavelength. (britannica.com)
Wavelength3
- In astronomy , the term spectrophotometry refers to the measurement of the spectrum of a celestial object in which the flux scale of the spectrum is calibrated as a function of wavelength , usually by comparison with an observation of a spectrophotometric standard star, and corrected for the absorption of light by the Earth's atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
- Colloidal metal NP size can also be assessed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, as the wavelength of the absorbance peak is dependent on the size and shape of the particles because of the surface plasmon resonance effect as light strikes them. (labmanager.com)
- In this video, spectrophotometry which is the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength is explained. (dnatube.com)
Particle size affect spectrophotometry1
- Can particle size affect spectrophotometry? (biology-online.org)
Micro-volume spectrophotometry1
- Easy and accurate UV/VIS micro-volume spectrophotometry with only one drop of sample. (mt.com)
Concentration2
- Spectrophotometry is a useful tool in quantitative analysis where the concentration of a substance is to be identified. (reference.com)
- A new UV spectrophotometry based method for determining the concentration and carbon content of carbohydrate solution was developed. (nih.gov)
Spectrophotometric3
- In Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis , much attention has been paid to separation and preconcentration methods, since they play an essential role in increasing the selectivity and sensitivity of spectrophotometric methods. (elsevier.com)
- Spectrophotometric examinations were performed on cerebrospinal and subdural fluids in subacute (five patients) and chronic (20 patients) subdural haematomas, with special reference to the diagnostic aid of CSF spectrophotometry. (bmj.com)
- We have previously reported on the astronomical performance of an uncooled, intensified, silicon vidicon for spectrophotometry-'2 and also on the performance of a dry ice cooled version of a similar detector for direct imaging application3 In this report, we discuss the performance of the cooled tube for spectrophotometric applications. (spie.org)
Spectrophotometer1
- Therefore, we designed and developed a spectrophotometer which would afford students the opportunity to discover and understand the concepts of spectrophotometry. (scielo.org.za)
Visible spectrophotometry3
- We present time-resolved visible spectrophotometry of 2020 CD₃, the second known minimoon. (caltech.edu)
- In visible spectrophotometry, the absorption or the transmission of a certain substance can be determined by the observed color. (libretexts.org)
- We present time-resolved visible spectrophotometry of minimoon 2020 CD$_3$, the second asteroid known to become temporarily captured by the Earth-Moon system's gravitational field. (arxiv.org)
Chemistry1
- Spectrophotometry is one of the most useful methods of quantitative analysis in various fields such as chemistry, physics, biochemistry, material and chemical engineering and clinical applications. (libretexts.org)
Principle3
- What is the basic principle of atomic absorption spectrophotometry? (reference.com)
- The basic principle of atomic absorption spectrophotometry states that atoms absorb specific wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. (reference.com)
- The paper reviewed the application these years of fluorescence spectrophotometry in environmental monitoring.The content includes the principle,the establishment of methods,the study of fluorescence system and the development of the combination with other techniques. (cnki.com.cn)
Measurement3
- Spectrophotometry in the infrared region, usually for the purpose of chemical analysis through measurement of absorption spectra associated with rotational and vibrational energy levels of molecules. (harvard.edu)
- Spectrophotometry is a measurement of how much a chemical substance absorbs or transmits. (libretexts.org)
- From basic visual analysis to advanced spectrophotometry, color measurement is necessary to meet consumer needs and demands. (hunterlab.com)
Absorbance2
- Spectrophotometry- NADH absorbance? (protocol-online.org)
- Use of spectrophotometry to acquire UV absorbance provides empirical results that can be used in seed testing laboratories using the seed chaff present with the seed to certify A. tridentata subspecies composition. (usgs.gov)
Quantify2
- In this study, we use spectrophotometry to quantify chemical differences in the water-soluble compound, coumarin. (usgs.gov)
- Our study aimed to quantify assay-based variation in G6PD spectrophotometry and to explore the diagnostic implications of applying a universal threshold. (malariaconsortium.org)
Wavelengths4
- [2] Spectrophotometry uses photometers , known as spectrophotometers, that can measure the intensity of a light beam at different wavelengths. (wikipedia.org)
- Spectrophotometry is a chemical technique which measures the reflection or transmission in wavelengths of a material. (elgalabwater.com)
- Cavity-enhanced laser spectrophotometry is performed on analytes within a microfluidic channel at visible wavelengths with silicon nitride microring resonators of 100 µm radius and quality factor of ~180,000. (osapublishing.org)
- The spectrophotometry was taken with the Keck I/Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer between wavelengths 434 and 912 nm in the B, g, V, R, I, and RG850 filters as it was leaving the Earth-Moon system on 2020 March 23 UTC. (caltech.edu)
20201
- The spectrophotometry of 2020 CD$_3$ most closely resembles the spectra of V-type asteroids and some Lunar rock samples with a reddish slope of ~18$\%$/100 nm between 434 nm and 761 nm corresponding to colors of $g$-$r$ = 0.62$\pm$0.08, $r$-$i$ = 0.21 $\pm$ 0.06 and an absorption band at ~900 nm corresponding to $i$-$z$ = -0.54$\pm$0.10. (arxiv.org)
Sensitivity1
- Spectrophotometry enables one to determine, with good precision and sensitivity, almost all the elements present in small and trace quantities of any material. (elsevier.com)
Quantitative analysis1
- Spectrophotometry is a tool that hinges on the quantitative analysis of molecules depending on how much light is absorbed by colored compounds. (wikipedia.org)
COLORIMETRY1
- We offer a complete line of Thermo Scientific colorimetry, turbidity, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry meters for water and wastewater analysis. (thermofisher.com)
Flame2
- Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry is simple, rapid, and applicable to a large number of elements in drinking water, surface waters, and domestic and industrial wastes. (astm.org)
- In the present work, four trace metals, V, Ni, Cu and Fe, have been determined in five crude oil samples of Eastern Baghdad area, Iraq by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. (scirp.org)
Absorption spectra1
- By the application of these two methods to the particulate absorption spectra collected by underway spectrophotometry during three summer cruises in 2015 - 2017 in the Fram Strait, continuous surface phytoplankton functional types are estimated along the cruise course. (awi.de)
Methods2
- The article describes the development and validation of chemometrics-assisted spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography (LC) methods for the simultaneous analysis of the active ingredients in two multicomponent mixtures containing chlorpheniramine maleate and phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride. (ebscohost.com)
- The validity of atomic absorption spectrophotometry Ior measuring markers of trapped volume was checked by comparative determinations of markers with established optical spectrophotometrical methods. (bioscirep.org)
Reagent1
- Considering ISO protocols with a probability of human error in manual titration, the rapidness and simplicity of the reagent kit based on spectrophotometry make it a promising alternative to monitor the lipid oxidation of edible oils and lipid-containing foods. (hindawi.com)
Diagnosis3
- The role of spectrophotometry in the diagnosis of melanoma . (humpath.com)
- In conclusion, CSF spectrophotometry is a simple, fast, and extremely sensitive method, which in our opinion should be used routinely in the diagnosis of suspected subdural haematomas, if lumbar puncture is not contraindicated. (bmj.com)
- BAMBER J C ET AL: "4C-5 Combining High Frequency Ultrasound Reflex Transmission Imaging and Imaging Spectrophotometry for the Diagnosis of Skin Cancer", ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM, 2007. (sumobrain.com)
Monitoring1
- Spectrophotometry saves both time and resources by providing consistent color monitoring at every stage of manufacturing and development. (hunterlab.com)
Content1
- Atomic absorption spectrophotometry assays the metal content in water. (reference.com)
Method3
- First method is zero order UV spectrophotometry and second is 1st derivative zero crossing spectrophotometry. (scirp.org)
- Spectrophotometry is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution. (libretexts.org)
- This description provides a system and a method to analyze spectrophotometry and ultrasound images and data in a complex way in order to diagnose malignant skin tumors in early stages. (sumobrain.com)
Practice1
- Despite the existence of many competitive analytical techniques, molecular absorption spectrophotometry still remains very popular in practice, particularly in biochemical, clinical, organic, agricultural, food and environmental analyses. (elsevier.com)
Reflection1
- Trace amount of Hg co precipitated with Cu 2HgI 4 and Cu 2I 2 was determined by use of solid phase reflection diffuse spectrophotometry. (cnki.com.cn)
Measurements2
- Spectrophotometry is often used in measurements of enzyme activities, determinations of protein concentrations, determinations of enzymatic kinetic constants, and measurements of ligand binding reactions. (wikipedia.org)
- Following this, we use critical-point analysis of the complex dielectric constant to identify the well-known transitions at 1.59, 2.49, and 3.31 eV but also additional transitions at 4.39 and 5.65 eV, which are observed in both SE and spectrophotometry measurements. (soton.ac.uk)
Commonly2
- Infrared spectrophotometry is most commonly used in studying the molecular structures of complex organic compounds . (britannica.com)
- On the other hand, the analytical methodologies using spectrophotometry UV/VIS are the most commonly used tools for the control of plant based materials in chemical quality due to its simplicity andlow implementation cost reproducibility (Fernandes et al. (scielo.br)
Laboratory1
- The book is written for all those who use UV/VIS spectrophotometry in the laboratory and will also be useful to students as supplementary reading. (elsevier.com)
Atomic emission1
- There are also several variations of the spectrophotometry such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry and atomic emission spectrophotometry. (libretexts.org)
Analysis1
- The significance of spectrophotometry in connection with liquid-liquid extraction, reaction kinetics, trace analysis, environmental and clinical analysis is also covered. (elsevier.com)
Concentrations2
- In order to determine the respective concentrations of reactants and products at this point, the light transmittance of the solution can be tested using spectrophotometry. (wikipedia.org)
- Currently, one of the most widely used and practical means for measuring concentrations of elements is by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. (astm.org)
Water1
- Type II water is suitable for spectrophotometry. (elgalabwater.com)
Precision1
- First, I show that synoptic spectrophotometry, now possible at high precision with ground-based telescopes, demonstrates that small-grain particles at high altitudes may be the primary drivers for observed variability. (cam.ac.uk)
Subdural1
- Is timing of haemorrhage by spectrophotometry similar for haemorrhages in the subdural and subarachnoid space? (bmj.com)
Magnesium1
- Plasma samples (n = 155) of 30 patients on an intensive ward were analysed for magnesium simultaneously by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and methylthymol blue spectrophotometry. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Simultaneously1
- Because the standard stars are observed simultaneously, spectrophotometry is possible even in the presence of clouds and differential chromatic aberration. (sdss.org)
Applications4
- 8. Some Applications of UV and VIS Spectrophotometry. (elsevier.com)
- UV/VIS Spectrophotometry Applications Guide - free download. (mt.com)
- The UV/VIS Spectrophotometry guide provides the reader with fundamental knowledge on this technique as well as spectrophotometry applications , and tips and tricks for accurate and precise results in daily use. (mt.com)
- Here are the requirements for spectrophotometry applications. (elgalabwater.com)