Species specificity. Medical search

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Glycosphingolipids which contain as their polar head group a lactose moiety bound in glycosidic linkage to the hydroxyl group of ceramide. Their accumulation in tissue, due to a defect in lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase, is the cause of lactosylceramidosis.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

The properties of a pathogen that makes it capable of infecting one or more specific hosts. The pathogen can include PARASITES as well as VIRUSES; BACTERIA; FUNGI; or PLANTS.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Cell surface proteins that bind GROWTH HORMONE with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Activation of growth hormone receptors regulates amino acid transport through cell membranes, RNA translation to protein, DNA transcription, and protein and amino acid catabolism in many cell types. Many of these effects are mediated indirectly through stimulation of the release of somatomedins.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of six families: CEBIDAE (some New World monkeys), ATELIDAE (some New World monkeys), CERCOPITHECIDAE (Old World monkeys), HYLOBATIDAE (gibbons and siamangs), CALLITRICHINAE (marmosets and tamarins), and HOMINIDAE (humans and great apes).

A ganglioside present in abnormally large amounts in the brain and liver due to a deficient biosynthetic enzyme, G(M3):UDP-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Deficiency of this enzyme prevents the formation of G(M2) ganglioside from G(M3) ganglioside and is the cause of an anabolic sphingolipidosis.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A group of enzymes with the general formula CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:acceptor N-acetylneuraminyl transferase. They catalyze the transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid from CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid to an acceptor, which is usually the terminal sugar residue of an oligosaccharide, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid. EC 2.4.99.-.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The fusion of a spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) with an OVUM thus resulting in the formation of a ZYGOTE.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Interactive processes between the oocyte (OVUM) and the sperm (SPERMATOZOA) including sperm adhesion, ACROSOME REACTION, sperm penetration of the ZONA PELLUCIDA, and events leading to FERTILIZATION.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Specific molecular sites or structures on or in cells with which interferons react or to which they bind in order to modify the function of the cells. Interferons exert their pleiotropic effects through two different receptors. alpha- and beta-interferon crossreact with common receptors, while gamma-interferon initiates its biological effects through its own specific receptor system.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

A mature haploid female germ cell extruded from the OVARY at OVULATION.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

Fitzgerald factor (high molecular weight kininogen) clotting activity in human plasma in health and disease in various animal plasmas. (1/42092)

Fitzgerald factor (high molecular weight kininogen) is an agent in normal human plasma that corrects the impaired in vitro surface-mediated plasma reactions of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kinin generation observed in Fitzgerald trait plasma. To assess the possible pathophysiologic role of Fitzgerald factor, its titer was measured by a functional clot-promoting assay. Mean +/- SD in 42 normal adults was 0.99+/-0.25 units/ml, one unit being the activity in 1 ml of normal pooled plasma. No difference in titer was noted between normal men and women, during pregnancy, or after physical exercise. Fitzgerald factor activity was significantly reduced in the plasmas of eight patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis (0.40+/-0.09 units/ml) and of ten patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (0.60+/-0.30 units/ml), but was normal in plasmas of patients with other congenital clotting factor deficiencies, nephrotic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or sarcoidosis, or under treatment with warfarin. The plasmas of 21 mammalian species tested appeared to contain Fitzgerald factor activity, but those of two avian, two repitilian, and one amphibian species did not correct the coagulant defect in Fitzgerald trait plasmas. (+info)

Differences in benzo(a)pyrene metabolism between rodent liver microsomes and embryonic cells. (2/42092)

Differences in benzo(a)pyrene metabolite pattern have been shown by rodent liver microsomes (Sprague-Dawley) and rodent embryo cells from Syrian hamsters and NIH Swiss mice. Rodent liver induced by methylcholanthrene shows marked quantitative variation between species. Additional pattern changes were found in mouse and hamster embryo secondary cultures with a reduction of the K-region metabolites and a marked increase in 9-hydroxybenzo(a)-pyrene. These results are indicative of a region-specific attack on the carcinogen by the cell monooxygenases which is distinct from the liver attack of microsomal enzymes on benzo(a)pyrene. These results suggest that activation and detoxification of benzo(a)pyrene may be species and tissue variable, and susceptibility and resistence to malignant transformation may be predicted on induction of a fortuitous combination of intermediate metabolic steps. (+info)

Effect of sex difference on the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by the rat. (3/42092)

Hepatic microsome-catalyzed metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to aflatoxin M1 and aflatoxin Q1 and the "metabolic activation" of AFB1 to DNA-alylating metabolite(s) were studied in normal male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, in gonadectomized animals, and in castrated males and normal females treated with testosterone. Microsomes from male animals formed 2 to 5 times more aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin Q1, and DNA-alkylating metabolite(s) than those from females. Castration reduced the metabolism of AFB1 by the microsomes from males by about 50%, whereas ovariectomy had no significant effect on AFB1 metabolism by the microsomes from females. Testosterone treatment (4 mg/rat, 3 times/week for about 6 weeks) of castrated immature males and immature females enhanced the metabolism of AFB1 by their microsomes. A sex difference in the metabolism of AFB1 by liver microsomes was also seen in other strains of rats tested: Wistar, Long-Evans, and Fischer. The activity of kidney microsomes for metabolic activation was 1 to 4% that of the liver activity and was generally lower in microsomes from male rats as compared to those from female rats of Sprague-Dawley, Wistar, and Long-Evans strains. The in vitro results obtained with hepatic microsomes correlated well with the in vivo metabolism of AFB1, in that more AFB1 became bound in vivo to hepatic DNA isolated from male rats and from a female rat treated with testosterone than that isolated from control female rats. These data suggest that the differences in hepatic AFB1 metabolism may be the underlying cause of the sex difference in toxicity and carcinogenicity of AFB1 observed in rats. (+info)

Microbial and chemical transformations of some 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9,10-enes. (4/42092)

Resting cells of Streptomyces griseus, Mucor mucedo, and a growing culture of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus when mixed with compounds related to 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene-4beta,15-diacetoxy-3alpha-ol(anguidine) produced a series of derivatives that were either partially hydrolyzed or selectively acylated. These derivatives showed marked differences in activities as assayed by antifungal and tissue culture cytotoxicity tests. (+info)

Fecal coliform elevated-temperature test: a physiological basis. (5/42092)

The physiological basis of the Eijkman elevated-temperature test for differentiating fecal from nonfecal coliforms was investigated. Manometric studies indicated that the inhibitory effect upon growth and metabolism in a nonfecal coliform at 44.5 degrees C involved cellular components common to both aerobic and fermentative metabolism of lactose. Radioactive substrate incorporation experiments implicated cell membrane function as a principal focus for temperature sensitivity at 44.5 degrees C. A temperature increase from 35 to 44.5 degrees C drastically reduced the rates of [14C]glucose uptake in nonfecal coliforms, whereas those of fecal coliforms were essentially unchanged. In addition, relatively low levels of nonfecal coliform beta-galactosidase activity coupled with thermal inactivation of this enzyme at a comparatively low temperature may also inhibit growth and metabolism of nonfecal coliforms at the elevated temperature. (+info)

Features of the immune response to DNA in mice. I. Genetic control. (6/42092)

The genetic control of the immune response to DNA was studied in various strains of mice F1 hybrids and corresponding back-crosses immunized with single stranded DNA complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin. Anti-DNA antibody response was measured by radioimmuno-logical technique. High responder, low responder, and intermediate responder strains were found and the ability to respond to DNA was characterized as a dominant genetic trait which is not linked to the major locus of histocompatibility. Studies in back-crosses suggested that this immune response is under multigenic control. High responder mice produce both anti-double stranded DNA and anti-single stranded DNA 7S and 19S antibodies, while low responder mice produce mainly anti-single stranded DNA 19S antibodies. (+info)

Lack of genic similarity between two sibling species of drosophila as revealed by varied techniques. (7/42092)

Acrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed on the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase in sixty isochromosomal lines of Drosophila persimilis from three geographic populations. Sequential electrophoretic analysis using varied gel concentrations and buffers revealed twenty-three alleles in this species where only five had been described previously. These new electrophoretic techniques also detected a profound increase in divergence of gene frequencies at this locus between D. persimilis and its sibling species D. pseudoobscura. The implications of these results for questions of speciation and the maintenance of genetic variability are discussed. (+info)

Genetic heterogeneity within electrophoretic "alleles" of xanthine dehydrogenase in Drosophila pseudoobscura. (8/42092)

An experimental plan for an exhaustive determination of genic variation at structural gene loci is presented. In the initial steps of this program, 146 isochromosomal lines from 12 geographic populations of D. pseudoobscura were examined for allelic variation of xanthine dehydrogenase by the serial use of 4 different electrophoretic conditions and a head stability test. The 5 criteria revealed a total of 37 allelic classes out of the 146 genomes examined where only 6 had been previously revealed by the usual method of gel electrophoresis. This immense increase in genic variation also showed previously unsuspected population differences between the main part of the species distribution and the isolated population of Bogota population. The average heterozygosity at the Xdh locus is at least 72% in natural populations. This result, together with the very large number of alleles segregating and the pattern of allelic frequencies, has implications for theories of genetic polymorphism which are discussed. (+info)

Each animal or plant species is special. It differs in some way from all other species...biological specificity is the major ... when adults of one species feed the young of another species Interspecific hybridization, when two species within the same ... hybridization between sub-species within a species. Intraspecific mimicry Two or more individual organisms, populations, or ... pregnancy involving an embryo or fetus belonging to another species than the carrier Intraspecificity (literally within species ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_specificity

"Species: Pesticidal crystal protein (IPR038979)". InterPro. "Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Nomenclature". Bt toxin specificity ... A gene mostly found on plasmids, delta-entotoxins sometimes show up in genomes of other species, albeit at a lower proportion ... Some insects populations have started to develop resistance towards delta endotoxin, with five resistant species found as of ... Delta endotoxins (δ-endotoxins) are pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis species of bacteria. They are useful ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_endotoxin

Ladybird species vary in specificity; those that are dominant in specific communities are often rather generalist in their diet ... For example, a minority of species, such as Vibidia duodecimguttata, a twelve-spotted species, have whitish spots on a brown ... This led to many further attempts to use ladybird species against pests. Around 179 ladybird species were deliberately ... Coccinellids are found worldwide, with over 6,000 species described. Appearance of different species Coccinella septempunctata ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccinellidae

2004). "Host specificity, plant communities". The European and North-American species of Sarcoscypha. Retrieved 2010-08-22. ... Other similar species include Plectania melastoma, Plectania nannfeldtii, and Scutellinia scutellata. A saprobic species, ... Phylogenetic analysis shows the species to be most closely related to other Sarcoscypha species that contain numerous small oil ... The type species of the genus Sarcoscypha, S. coccinea has been known by many names since its first appearance in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoscypha_coccinea

Kendrew, JC; Parrish, RG; Marrack, JR; Orlans, ES (November 1954). "The species specificity of myoglobin". Nature. 174 (4438): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kendrew

Serologic specificity demonstrated by immunodiffusion. Related to Mycobacterium fortuitum: can be distinguished by its intense ... Mycobacterium flavescens is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine ... Although growth rate is intermediate, metabolic and physiologic properties are more like rapidly growing species. ... species' microformats, Acid-fast bacilli, Nontuberculous mycobacteria, Bacteria described in 1962, All stub articles, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_flavescens

It had been shown that specificity of the self-incompatibility response in this family is controlled by a single locus called ... By analyzing self-incompatibility in Brassica species and building on the immunochemical identification of stigma proteins that ... Immunological Specificities". Genetics. 100 (4): 649-657. doi:10.1093/genetics/100.4.649 (inactive 31 July 2022). ISSN 0016- ... The introduction of several SI specificities into A. thaliana allowed in planta functional analysis of in vitro-generated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Nasrallah

This species known to grow on dried fruits and seeds. Xylaria culleniae belongs to the family Xylariaceae. The species grows on ... Hence their host specificity is uncertain. Cullenia exarillata "BioLib: Biological library". www.biolib.cz. U'Ren, Jana M.; ... This species is reported from Sri Lanka, China, Thailand and Anaimalai Hills Southern Western Ghats, India. This species is ... This species was collected from Sri Lanka during July 1868 by George Gardner (botanist) and George Henry Kendrick Thwaites who ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylaria_culleniae

It is also a major determinant of species-specificity in ribosomal RNA gene transcription. Research suggests that UBF and SL1 ... This transcription factor, SL1, showed species specificity. That is, it could distinguish between the human and mouse rRNA ... Hempel WM, Cavanaugh AH, Hannan RD, Taylor L, Rothblum LI (1996). "The species-specific RNA polymerase I transcription factor ... "Purification and characterization of a transcription factor that confers promoter specificity to human RNA polymerase I". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_factor_1

... in particular to feed on the plant species containing cardenolides, while all other species of the genus feed on plant species ... 2016). "Host specificity of Asian Chrysochus Chevr. in Dej. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae) and their potential use for ... The following species, all from the Oriental realm, were formerly included in Chrysochus. They were transferred to the genera ... There are at least eight described species in Chrysochus. Six are found in the Palearctic realm, and only two are found in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysochus

He also examined host specificity of species. Hale found that there are different communities at the base of the tree compared ... Hale was one of the first lichen experts to use chemical tests to study species delineations. He learned the techniques from ... These books contained keys to genera and species such as How to know the Lichens and Lichens of California. An important ... The following are a partial list of species named after Mason Hale. The list focuses primarily on North American taxa: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_Hale

Generally, high host specificity exists among lagoviruses. Classic RHDVa only affects European rabbits, a species native to ... The new variant RHDV2 affects European rabbits, as well, but also causes fatal RHD in various Lepus species, including ... species' microformats, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2021, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, ... Reports of RHD in Sylvilagus species have been coming from the current outbreak in the United States. RHD caused by RHDV and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit_hemorrhagic_disease

This plant has a narrow environmental specificity; it is found in (and serves as an indicator species of) old-growth forest. It ... The plant is on the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region Sensitive Species list, and has a NatureServe California State ... Therefore, the loss of old-growth habitats poses another threat to this species. The leaves with many lobes divided into ... At the southern end of its range (Oregon and California) this species is distinctly restricted to middle elevation forests. Its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptilidium_californicum

"Species: Azorhizobium doebereinerae". lpsn.dsmz.de. Gonçalves M, Moreira FM (2004). "Specificity of the legume Sesbania virgata ... Azorhizobium doebereinerae is a species of bacteria in the family Xanthobacteraceae. Strains of this species were originally ... They have also been found in other Sesbania species. " ... "Characterization of rhizobia from Sesbania species native to ... species' microformats, Hyphomicrobiales, Bacteria described in 2006, All stub articles, Hyphomicrobiales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azorhizobium_doebereinerae

Today 50+ species have been identified and more are possible if another classification system based on biovars were to be used ... Host specificity is not yet fully understood. Originally pathovar groups were documented according to the hosts from which they ... The host range of D. dadantii continues growing as new susceptible species are continuously being documented. It has also been ... Thus a differential media is used to culture Dickeya species and isolate or identify D. dadantii. Researchers at Fu Jen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickeya_dadantii

... species vary in their host specificity. This can lead to nontarget hosts being parasitized. This, in turn, can ... Currently, the number of Trichogramma species is over 200, but as of 1960, only some 40 species of Trichogramma had been ... Transmission of the bacterium through horizontal transfer has been observed within the same species and among different species ... T. minutum is one of the most commonly found species in Europe and was first mass reared in 1926 on eggs of Sitotroga ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichogramma

Notabley, PreP degrades several functionally relevant Aβ species, the aggregates of which are toxic to the neuron and play a ... substrate specificity and mitochondrial targeting". Biochemistry. 48 (13): 2868-77. doi:10.1021/bi8016125. PMC 2765508. PMID ... "Targeting capacity and conservation of PreP homologues localization in mitochondria of different species". Journal of Molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PITRM1

There could be low-sequence specificity and or structural specificity due to sequence-dependent DNA conformation or DNA ... Azam TA, Ishihama A (November 1999). "Twelve species of the nucleoid-associated protein from Escherichia coli. Sequence ... IHF preferentially binds to a specific DNA sequence even though the specificity arises through the sequence-dependent DNA ... "A single molecule analysis of H-NS uncouples DNA binding affinity from DNA specificity". Nucleic Acids Research. 46 (19): 10216 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoid

While the species, as defined by Snyder and Hansen, has been widely accepted for more than 50 years, more recent work indicates ... Kistler HC (2001). "Evolution of host specificity in Fusarium oxysporum". In Nelson PE, Summerell BA (eds.). Fusarium: Paul E. ... melonis and other species of Fusarium". Phytopathology. 79 (10): 1095-1100. doi:10.1094/Phyto-79-1095. Katan J (1971). " ... ISBN 978-0-85198-046-1. OCLC 281402.[page needed] Nelson PE, Toussoun TA, Marasas WF (1983). Fusarium species: an illustrated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium_oxysporum

"46 Species-specificity in metmyoglobin reduction". Journal of Animal Science. 97 (Suppl 1): 83-84. doi:10.1093/jas/skz053.191. ... Metmyoglobin reduction helps limit the oxidation of myoglobin and the oxidation of myoglobin is specific to each species. In ... Currently there is not a standard technique in measuring the metmyoglobin in all species. But many techniques are used ... The metmyoglobin reducing activity varies across species and was studied particularly in beef, porcine, bison, deer, emu, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metmyoglobin

Between species, these ARS sequences are variable, but their A, B, and C domains are well conserved. Any alterations in the DUE ... No other sequence specificity involved in this interaction. Confirmed by inducing mutations along length of DUE-B sequence, but ... But, activity can be rescued by re-addition of the DUE-B's, even from a different species. This is because DUE-B's are ... DUE-B sequence homologs found among a variety of animal species- fish, amphibians, and rodents. DUE-B's have disordered C- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_unwinding_element

... an area based on species composition (the term floristic province being used when plant species are considered), or also as ... but missing Holdridge's greater specificity. Whittaker based his approach on theoretical assertions and empirical sampling. He ... Trends in the diversity of structure follow trends in species diversity; alpha and beta species diversities decrease from ... with the inclusion of the animal element and the exclusion of the taxonomic element of species composition. In 1935, Tansley ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome

2000). "Substrate specificity in glycoside hydrolase family 10. Tyrosine 87 and leucine 314 play a pivotal role in ... "Pseudomonas cellulosa" is a species of pseudomonad bacteria. Andrews SR, Charnock SJ, Lakey JH, Davies GJ, Claeyssens M, ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_cellulosa

... mites are a host specific species, meaning they have a few major host species that they prefer, as well as a few ... Baulechner D, Becker NI, Encarnação JA (August 2013). "Host specificity in spinturnicid mites: do parasites share a long ... In short, these mites will not infect arbitrary bat species. Their selection of host tends to align with the host species that ... They have been seen on bat species from North America to Asia to Europe to Africa. Studies have shown that Spinturnix mites are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinturnix

... 's specificity makes it an ideal tool in biochemical applications; a fusion protein containing a C-terminal ... most of these are conserved in other species. The heavy chain has a hydrophobic section near the N-terminus that supports the ... Lu D, Yuan X, Zheng X, Sadler JE (December 12, 1997). "Bovine proenteroptidase is activated by trypsin, and the specificity of ... Purification, specificity and some molecular properties". Biochemistry. 16 (15): 3354-60. doi:10.1021/bi00634a011. PMID 889800 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteropeptidase

They infect many species, but with some specificity. The Brucella species belongs to the Rhizobiales group, in the ... The different species of Brucella are genetically very similar, although each has a slightly different host specificity. Hence ... Brucella species have been found primarily in mammals: Pathogenic Brucella species can cause abortion in female animals by ... "Humans and Brucella Species , Clinicians , Brucellosis , CDC". 13 June 2019. Ertem M, Kurekci AE," Brucella Species",2009, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella

Sister species, such as Laboulbenia littoralis, are often found on other host species in the same habitat. Speciation was ... De Kesel, André (1997). "Contribution towards the study of the specificity of Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycetes), with ... Its preferred host species is the beetle Pogonus chalceus. The optimal habitat of the beetle is salt marshes, although they ... It is differentiated from other related species based on host preference, and is studied as an example of speciation due to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboulbenia_slackensis

Most sea slug species will live for approximately one year, with some species living for less than one year. Phestilla minor is ... Ritson-Williams, R; Shjegstad, S; Paul, V (2003). "Host specificity of four corallivorous Phestilla nudibranchs (Gastropoda: ... Sea slugs are not listed as a threatened or endangered species. No species of this marine animal are listed by the ... This species is coloured to blend in with its surroundings, only found to be in one colour form, with very minimal pigmentation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phestilla_minor

Apparently the archaeal species unable to synthesize purines are able to acquire exogenous purines for growth., and are thus ... "Substrate specificity of glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase from chicken liver". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 ( ... The biochemical pathway of synthesis is very similar in eukaryotes and bacterial species, but is more variable among archaeal ... However, also identified were seven archaeal species with entirely, or nearly entirely, absent purine encoding genes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purine_metabolism

Logan DW, Marton TF, Stowers L (September 2008). Vosshall LB (ed.). "Species specificity in major urinary proteins by parallel ... "Species List". uswest.ensembl.org. Retrieved 2022-08-18. "GenArk: UCSC Genome Archive". hgdownload.soe.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 2022 ... A lot of these species have annotation data associated with their reference genomes that can be publicly accessed and ... There are reference genomes for multiple species of viruses, bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. Reference genomes are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_genome

According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the genus Norovirus has one species, which is called Norwalk ... but lack specificity and sensitivity. After infection, immunity to the same strain of the virus - the genotype - protects ... species' microformats, All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus

Motifs have also been discovered by taking a phylogenetic approach and studying similar genes in different species. For example ... February 2013). "Evaluation of methods for modeling transcription factor sequence specificity". Nature Biotechnology. 31 (2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_motif

Extensive host specificity tests were conducted in the field and laboratory in Europe before B. fausti was cleared and released ... Bangasternus orientalis is a species of true weevil known as the yellow starthistle bud weevil. It is used as an agent of ... Spotted and diffuse knapweed are weed species that can be found throughout the northern tier of states and as far south as ... B. fausti is considered host specific and limited to a few species in the genus Centaurea, specifically C. diffusa (diffuse ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangasternus_orientalis

IUCN Red List near threatened species, Articles with 'species' microformats, All articles with unsourced statements, Articles ... regional diet specificity holds global significance for conservation". PLOS ONE. 9 (2): e88349. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...988349L. ... Retrieved 29 March 2009.old-form url Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of near threatened. ... The goa (Procapra picticaudata), also known as the Tibetan gazelle, is a species of antelope that inhabits the Tibetan plateau ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_(antelope)

... is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein protein encoded by the CD34 gene in humans, mice, rats and other species. CD34 ... May 1999). "Sulfotransferases of two specificities function in the reconstitution of high endothelial cell ligands for L- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD34

Grossman SR, Engreitz J, Ray JP, Nguyen TH, Hacohen N, Lander ES (July 2018). "Positional specificity of different ... and species of organism. Promoters control gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes. RNA polymerase must attach to DNA near a ... Gagniuc P, Ionescu-Tirgoviste C (April 2013). "Gene promoters show chromosome-specificity and reveal chromosome territories in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promoter_(genetics)

... and a number of invertebrate species as well, including Drosophila melanogaster. Its importance can be further demonstrated by ... but show slightly different protein substrate specificities. TPST is a prevalent enzyme, found in many multicellular eukaryotes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosylprotein_sulfotransferase

This species is harmless to humans. Choriaster granulatus is a large sea star with a convex body and five short arms. The arms ... Antokhina, Tatiana I.; Britayev, Temir A. (2020). "Host recognition behaviour and its specificity in pontoniine shrimp ... This species is found in numerous tropical waters, including: East Africa Indo-Pacific region Great Barrier Reef Red Sea ... Choriaster is monotypic genus in the family Oreasteridae containing the single species Choriaster granulatus commonly known as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choriaster

A 2018 sighting of the beetle in North Lincolnshire was the first confirmed sighting of this species in the UK; it was probably ... a biological control agent for Rubus fruticosus aggregate in New Zealand though was abandoned for its lack of host specificity ... Coraebus rubi is a species of jewel beetles belonging to the family Buprestidae, subfamily Agrilinae. C. rubi measures 7.5-11 ... species' microformats, Buprestidae, Beetles of Europe, Beetles described in 1767, Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus, Beetles of Asia) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraebus_rubi

Depending on the truffle species, lifecycle, or location, they include: Sulfur volatiles, which occur in all truffle species, ... Members of this genus have low host specificity, associating with a variety of plants including hardwoods, forbs, shrubs, and ... A foundation species in arid-land ecosystems of the Southwest United States is Pinus edulis, commonly known as pinyon pine. P. ... Some truffle species are highly prized as food. French gastronome Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin called truffles "the diamond of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truffle

Twelve of the 56 Thrinchostoma species are native to Madagascar and exhibit some host-plant specificity. Parathrincostoma ... Lasioglossum species are distinguished by a weakened outer wing venation, while species of Mexalictus resemble Lasioglossum in ... Communal and solitary species are usually limited to short breeding seasons, and facultative eusocial species are represented ... Most Patellapis s. l. species inhabit southern Africa and Madagascar, though species are also found in tropical Asia and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halictinae

The virus appears to have specificity for renal tissues within the species Rana pipiens. It is possible that this is because ... and piscine species. The only case of successful transfections of an organism with the virus has been seen following the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranid_herpesvirus_1

2001). "Pollinator specificity and convergence in fly pollinated Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae) species: a multiple population ... For this reason, not all euglossines that visit an orchid species are effective pollinators of it. Some Bulbophyllum species ... The flowers of these species display brilliant colors and reward their pollinators with nectar. Species pollinated by bees ( ... but usually in only a few species per family. In contrast, it has been estimated that about one-third of orchid species use the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollination_of_orchids

Although some studies mention more hosts per species of gregarine. Lifestage specificity has been shown and this is mainly ... This host-specificity is set to take place at the level of a specific family of hosts in the case of Orthoptera hosts. ... Especially, the desert locust is the host for this species, as up to 100% of animals can become infected. An estimated ... Due to a lack of genetic information on gregarines it is however difficult to study the host-specificity. The identification of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregarina_garnhami

First, antibodies with high specificities for plant SPS also target the bacterial SPS, indicating the structure is conserved ... conservation of the neighboring residues has been observed in other plant species. This conserved sequence may potentially aid ... "Sucrose phosphate synthase and other sucrose etabolizing enzymes in fruits of various species". Physiologia Plantarum. 82 (2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose-phosphate_synthase

... to help promote research on the lifestyle and feeding specificity of aphids and their interactions with each other and species ... species' microformats, Agricultural pest insects, Insects described in 1921, Macrosiphini, Insect pests of millets, All stub ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitobion_miscanthi

Experiments in laboratories were able to use Phakopsora pachyrhizi to infect 60 more plant species. The main hosts are Glycine ... it would be prudent to only deploy CcRpp1 in soybean together with additional resistance genes that have different specificity ... Phakopsora pachyrhizi is able to affect up to 31 different plant species that belong to 17 different genera under natural ... species' microformats, Fungal plant pathogens and diseases, Soybean diseases, Pucciniales, Fungi described in 1914, Taxa named ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phakopsora_pachyrhizi

Other homologues have been found in Burkholderia species, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus ducreyi, Mannheimia species, ... August 2014). "Substrate specificity of cytoplasmic N-glycosyltransferase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 289 (35): ... and later in other bacterial species such as Escherichia coli. N-glycosyltransferases usually target adhesin proteins, which ... Xanthomonas species, Yersinia pestis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Regular N-glycosyltransferases are oligosaccharide- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-glycosyltransferase

In Peru, 18 wasp species were found living on 14 fly species in only two species of Gurania climbing squash. Megascolia procer ... "Critical Review of Host Specificity and Its Coevolutionary Implications in the Fig-fig-wasp Mutualism". PNAS. 102: 6558-65. ... While most species of wasps have nests with multiple combs, some species, such as Apoica flavissima, only have one comb. The ... Many species of wasp are involved in Müllerian mimicry, as are many species of bee. While wasp stings deter many potential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasp

Due to their large species diversity and high abundancy in natural ponds and rice fields, cyanobacteria have high potential to ... aerobic bacterium which during its sporulation stage produces an endotoxin protein crystal with high toxicity and specificity ... Boussiba's lab this fungus has been researched and isolated and defined as a new species (Paraphyzoderma Sedebokerensis). This ... "Isolation and characterization of a novel chytrid species (phylum Blastocladiomycota), parasitic on the green alga ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammy_Boussiba

The species Physoderma johnsii was named by Sparrow in his honor. His studies at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute were ... He exhibited that the prior methods of characterizing individuals of this genus, which were host specificity and size of ... Host range and species concept studies in Physoderma. Archiv für Mikrobiologie 49 (2): 103-111, 3 tables. Sparrow, F.K.; ... X. Notes on some species of Physoderma occurring in the Douglas Lake region of northern Michigan. Papers from the Michigan ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Kroeber_Sparrow

Bennett AF, Hayes NV, Baines AJ (1991). "Site specificity in the interactions of synapsin 1 with tubulin". Biochem. J. 276. ( ... "Comparison of nonerythroid alpha-spectrin genes reveals strict homology among diverse species". Mol Cell Biol. 8 (1): 1-9. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPTAN1

"Preliminary Literature Review On Scared Species" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 24 July ... and ideological specificity, be comparable to and translated as 'Hinduism' or 'Hindu religion'." Whatever the case, many Hindu ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism

Although it was known at the time that nitrilase could operate with wide substrate specificity in producing the corresponding ... NIT1, 2, and 3 of the A. thaliana species are examples of the first group of plant nitrilases (arylacetonitrilases) which ... In plants, there are two distinguishable groups in regard to substrate specificity: those with high hydrolytic activity towards ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrilase

Individuals of this species are dichotomously branched and the stems may branch about five times by full maturity. Little is ... Weaved products are sold and traded at local and international markets where extreme specificity of skill and craftsmanship can ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Hyphaene, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphaene_compressa

in 2010, contains two species; Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis, and Hamiltosporidium magnivora. Both species infect only the ... ecological and geographic covariables explaining host range and specificity of a microsporidian parasite". The Journal of ... Both parasite species are vertically transmitted to asexual host offspring with a transmission rate of up to 100% and a ... Both species H. magnivora and H. tvaerminnensis infect the fat body, the hypodermis and the ovaries of the crustacean. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltosporidium

... is used by a variety of animals to mimic other species. Many species of deep sea fish such as the anglerfish ... symbiont specificity and codivergence in bioluminescent symbioses". Cladistics. 23 (5): 507-532. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007. ... A similar reason may account for the many species of fungi that emit light. Species in the genera Armillaria, Mycena, ... Bioluminescence in bathyal benthic species still remains poorly studied due to difficulties of the collection of species at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluminescence

Lykke-Andersen J, Thi-Ngoc HP, Garrett RA (November 1994). "DNA substrate specificity and cleavage kinetics of an archaeal ... "Two homologous mitochondrial introns from closely related Saccharomyces species differ by only a few amino acid replacements in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_homing_endonuclease_cutting_sites

... in therapeutic settings utilizes non-immunogenic vectors capable of cell specificity that can deliver an adequate ... and orthologous genes in model species to identify function. This has allowed a variety of possible vectors to be identified ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_delivery

Many species of mammals can keep track of spatial location even in the absence of visual, auditory, olfactory, or tactile cues ... Briggman KL, Helmstaedter M, Denk W (March 2011). "Wiring specificity in the direction-selectivity circuit of the retina". ... January 2019). "Molecular Fingerprinting of On-Off Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells Across Species and Relevance to ... and thus it is found both in vertebrates and invertebrates vision throughout a wide variety of species, although it is not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_perception

... strains and species of the parasite. RNA was extracted from both Puerto Rican and Brazilian parasites and directed the ... Proteins translated in vitro from Schistosoma mansoni adult worm mRNA were assessed for their antigenic specificities compared ... The species specificity of the in vitro proteins was assessed using individual sera from humans whose species of schistosome ... Stage and species specificity of antigens encoded by two geographic strains of Schistosoma mansoni mRNA J Parasitol. 1986 Jun; ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3091803/

VARIATION AND TYPE SPECIFICITY IN THE BACTERIAL SPECIES HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE M Pittman. J Exp Med. 1931. . ... VARIATION AND TYPE SPECIFICITY IN THE BACTERIAL SPECIES HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE M Pittman 1 ... On account of the readiness with which the S strains of influenza bacilli lose their type specificity when grown on artificial ... It is not impossible that many strains lose their specificity immediately after removal from the host, and that the specific ...

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19869858

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19869858

The uptake of iron from the chloroform-soluble exochelins produced by the latter two species was by an inhibitor-insensitive ... Specificity of Exochelins for Iron Transport in Three Species of Mycobacteria * Maris C. Stephenson1, Colin Ratledge1 ... Specificity of Exochelins for Iron Transport in Three Species of Mycobacteria. Microbiology 116, 521 (1980); https://doi.org/ ... The uptake of iron from the chloroform-soluble exochelins produced by the latter two species was by an inhibitor-insensitive ...

https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-116-2-521

Identification of key amino acid residues determining product specificity of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase in Oryza species. 12th ... Identification of key amino acid residues determining product specificity of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase in Oryza species. ... and provide a new strategy to identify key residues determining OSC specificity. ...

https://www.jic.ac.uk/research-impact/publications/identification-of-key-amino-acid-residues-determining-product-specificity-of-23-oxidosqualene-cyclase-in-oryza-species/

Start Over You searched for: Subjects Species Specificity ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Species Specificity ...

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Species+Specificity

Species differences in thryroid, kidney and urinary bladder carcinogenesis / edited by C. C. Capen ... [et al.] by Capen, C. C ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BSpecies%20specificity.%7D

The HMO-binding specificities of the family 1 solute-binding protein component linked to the fucosylated HMO gene cluster in ... One species, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, is found in the gastrointestinal tracts of adults and breastfed infants. In ... Foraging within the Species Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Is Driven by Glycosyl Hydrolase Content and Specificity.. Shani, ... Analysis of the purified GH29 and GH95 fucosidase activities directly on HMOs revealed complementing enzyme specificities with ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/perinatal/resource/es/mdl-34757822

Target species. Goat. * Specificity. By immunoelectrophoresis and ELISA this antibody reacts specifically with goat IgG and ... To ensure minimal cross-reactivity, the antibody has been pre-adsorbed with serum proteins from the following species. ...

https://www.abcam.com/products/secondary-antibodies/donkey-goat-igg-hl-alexa-fluor-405-preadsorbed-ab175665.html

Specificity / Sensitivity. Phospho-AMPKβ1 (Ser108) (E8N3N) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of AMPKβ1 protein only when ... Species Reactivity:. Human, Mouse, Rat. Source / Purification. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a ... At CST, we adhere to the Hallmarks of Antibody Validation™, six complementary strategies for determining the specificity, ...

https://www.cellsignal.com/products/primary-antibodies/phospho-ampkb1-ser108-e8n3n-rabbit-mab/23021

Task-specificity and species-specificity in the study of language : A methodological note. In: Cognition. 1976 ; Vol. 4, No. 2 ... Task-specificity and species-specificity in the study of language: A methodological note. / Osherson, Daniel N.; Wasow, Thomas ... Osherson DN, Wasow T. Task-specificity and species-specificity in the study of language: A methodological note. Cognition. 1976 ... Osherson, D. N., & Wasow, T. (1976). Task-specificity and species-specificity in the study of language: A methodological note. ...

https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/task-specificity-and-species-specificity-in-the-study-of-language

Culture has better specificity than PCR, but takes up to 7 days to obtain results. ... PCR assay protocols that include multiple target sequences allow for speciation among Bordetella species. The high sensitivity ... Since culture has excellent specificity, it is particularly useful for confirming pertussis diagnosis when an outbreak is ... However, PCR tests vary in specificity. Results should be interpreted along with the clinical symptoms and epidemiological ...

https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/diagnostic-testing/specimen-collection-diagnosis.html

Those aposymbiotic P. bursaria were used for experimental infections to investigate the symbiosis specificity not only between ... ciliate Paramecium bursaria lives in mutualistic symbiosis with green algae belonging to the species Chlorella variabilis or ... To investigate the symbiosis specificity between P. bursaria and three different symbiotic algal species, we exposed ... extremely rare species [3,5]. The other Paramecium species with algal symbionts is Paramecium bursaria Focke [6], the green ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/8/287

Source and Specificity of Antibody LNI * of Antiserum against virus Species Virus GNT JUN MAC LAS LCM FLE AMA TCR ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/VirusDetails.aspx?ID=170&SID=5

With high specificity, PanR6 detects 16 Rickettsia species and excludes 15 near neighbors (similar species). Increased ... Real-Time RT-PCR Detection of Rickettsia species -- PanR6/Total Nucleic Acid Assay with High Sensitivity and Specificity ... Real-Time RT-PCR Detection of Rickettsia species -- PanR6/Total Nucleic Acid Assay with High Sensitivity and Specificity ... Rickettsia can cause mild to severe illness and Rickettsia species can be found worldwide. Early stage, nonspecific symptoms of ...

http://www.techtransfer.nih.gov/tech/tab-3251

Leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoa parasite from over 20 Leishmania species. Over 90 sandfly species are known to transmit ... WHO REGIONAL SPECIFICITIES. WHO African Region. All the three forms of the disease are prevalent in the region with various ... Some 70 animal species, including humans, can be the source of Leishmania parasites. ... Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL): The clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis tend to vary depending on the leishmania species ...

http://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/Leishmaniasis

Our findings are consistent with the notion that the microbiome of wood-dwelling species bears an imprint of its specialization ... We investigated the protist and bacterial microbiomes of a total of 29 replicate colonies from five termite species, covering ... The microbiome of wood-dwelling species with a uniform wood diet was enriched for genes involved in lignocellulose degradation ... Furthermore, metagenomic patterns suggest that the microbiome of wood-dwelling species relied primarily on direct fixation of ...

https://animalmicrobiome.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42523-019-0014-2

Test Specificity. Detects human PLZF in direct ELISAs and Western blots.. Target Species. Human. ...

https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/anti-human-plzf-polyclonal-r-d-systems/AF2944

Species. *Rabbit Anti-Human. Specificity. *The antibody reacts with the delta-chains of human IgD. ...

https://www.agilent.com/en/product/immunohistochemistry/antibodies-controls/primary-antibodies/igd-

Target Species Human. Specificity CD107a. Other Names CD107a, LAMP-1, Lysosomal associated membrane protein. ...

https://www.beckman.com/reagents/coulter-flow-cytometry/antibodies-and-kits/single-color-antibodies/cd107a-lamp-1/b13978

HIV Incidence Assays with Improved Specificity (R01) PA-10-212. NIAID ... and species, strains, ages, sex, and numbers to be used; 2) justifications for the use of animals and for the appropriateness ... Efforts to use the BED assay in combination with other measures to improve overall specificity are a significant improvement, ... used to develop HIV incidence assays with improved specificity, and to develop methods for utilizing the biomarker(s) to ...

https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-10-212.html

Schistosoma species and endemic regions[12] Type of infection Species Location Intestinal Schistosoma mansoni Africa, Middle ... Specificity of this assay for detecting schistosome infection is 99%. Because test sensitivity with the FAST-ELISA is reduced ... Immunoblots with adult worm microsomal antigens are species-specific, so a positive reaction indicates the infecting species. ... Most common species to cause this condition are S. mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. mekongi.[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schistosomiasis

Species Specificity. en_US. dc.subject.mesh. Simuliidae. en_US. dc.title. Cytotaxonomy of similium damnosum complex: June to ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/364403?show=full

Species Reactivity. Human Specificity. Detects human NCAM‑1/CD56 in ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western ... Species: Human. Sample Types: Whole Cells. Applications: Flow Cytometry * Natural killer lysis receptor (NKLR)/NKLR-ligand ... Species: Human. Sample Types: Whole Cells. Applications: Flow Cytometry * Cytokines induced during chronic hepatitis B virus ... Species: Human. Sample Types: Whole Cells. Applications: Flow Cytometry * Cancer immunoediting by GITR (glucocorticoid-induced ...

https://www.rndsystems.com/products/human-ncam-1-cd56-pe-conjugated-antibody-301040_fab2408p

15Pittman M. Variation and Type Specificity in the Bacterial Species Hemophilus Influenzae. The Journal of experimental ... Pittman M. Variation and Type Specificity in the Bacterial Species Hemophilus Influenzae. The Journal of experimental medicine ... Immunological Specificity of Synthetic Sugar-Protein Antigens. The Journal of experimental medicine. 1929;50(4):533-550.. ... Immunological Specificity of Synthetic Sugar-Protein Antigens. The Journal of experimental medicine. 1929;50(4):533-550. ...

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Species Specificity. 1. 1993. 2599. 0.010. Why? Child. 1. 2016. 74468. 0.010. Why? ...

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With high specificity, PanR6 detects 16 Rickettsia species and excludes 15 near neighbors (similar species). (nih.gov)

To ensure minimal cross-reactivity, the antibody has been pre-adsorbed with serum proteins from the following species. (abcam.com)

At CST, we adhere to the Hallmarks of Antibody Validation™ , six complementary strategies for determining the specificity, sensitivity, and functionality of an antibody in any given assay. (cellsignal.com)
The VecTest antigen-capture assay on This goal was achieved by quantifying the sensitivity and oropharyngeal secretions from crows is a reliable and rapid diagnostic test that appears suitable for incorporation into a specificity of this antigen-capture assay to detect WNV in WNV surveillance program. (cdc.gov)
Here, we report an amplification-free multi-color single-molecule imaging technique that can profile purified endogenous miRNAs with high sensitivity, specificity, and reliability. (nature.com)

This antibody may cross react with IgG from other species. (abcam.com)

To facilitate identification of R. mannitolilytica and R. pickettii , we developed 16S ribosomal DNA-based polymerase chain reaction assays that allow sensitive and specific identification of these species. (cdc.gov)
This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), solicits grant applications from institutions/organizations that propose to develop improved HIV incidence assays with increased specificity and reliability for distinguishing incident from chronic HIV infections. (nih.gov)

Identification of key amino acid residues determining product specificity of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase in Oryza species. (jic.ac.uk)
other species, including founded by the difficulty in accurate species identification by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Alcaligenes ( Achromobacter ) using standard microbiologic techniques. (cdc.gov)

Proteins translated in vitro from Schistosoma mansoni adult worm mRNA were assessed for their antigenic specificities compared to different stages, strains and species of the parasite. (nih.gov)
The type and reference strains of Ralstonia , Pandoraea , Burkholderia , Alcaligenes , and Bordetella species have been described (9-14). (cdc.gov)

Fucosylated Human Milk Oligosaccharide Foraging within the Species Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Is Driven by Glycosyl Hydrolase Content and Specificity. (bvsalud.org)

The species specificity of the in vitro proteins was assessed using individual sera from humans whose species of schistosome infection and egg counts were known. (nih.gov)
Some 70 animal species, including humans, can be the source of Leishmania parasites. (who.int)
A lumbricoides has a high host specificity for humans and, rarely, for pigs. (medscape.com)

PCR assay protocols that include multiple target sequences allow for speciation among Bordetella species. (cdc.gov)

The HMO -binding specificities of the family 1 solute- binding protein component linked to the fucosylated HMO gene cluster in both SC585 and MP80 are similar , suggesting differential transport of fucosylated HMO is not a driving factor in each strain 's distinct HMO consumption pattern. (bvsalud.org)

The microbiome of wood-dwelling species with a uniform wood diet was enriched for genes involved in lignocellulose degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, metagenomic patterns suggest that the microbiome of wood-dwelling species relied primarily on direct fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, while the microbiome of foraging species entailed the necessary pathways to utilize nitrogen in the form of nitrate for example from soil. (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings are consistent with the notion that the microbiome of wood-dwelling species bears an imprint of its specialization on degrading a uniform wood diet, while the microbiome of the foraging species might reflect its adaption to access growth limiting nutrients from more diverse sources. (biomedcentral.com)

The genus Ascaris is composed of 17 species. (medscape.com)

Leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoa parasite from over 20 Leishmania species. (who.int)

If you cannot find the antibody you're looking for, contact us today to develop custom antibodies for specific targets, species and applications. (anobase.org)
All other applications and species not yet tested. (prosci-inc.com)

Peak blood levels of 1,3-DNB were very different between the two species, with the hamster reaching levels only one-half those found in the rat (46.3 vs. 99.5 nmol/ml, respectively). (nih.gov)

Results of search for 'su:{Species specificity. (who.int)
Culture has better specificity than PCR, but takes up to 7 days to obtain results. (cdc.gov)

The present studies have investigated the possibility that differences in 1,3-DNB metabolism and pharmacokinetics could explain this species difference. (nih.gov)
Other major differences between the two species were a more rapid initial elimination rate and much higher blood levels of nitroaniline in the rat. (nih.gov)

5-7), but the clinical importance of infection with these other species is less clear. (cdc.gov)

Finally, by utilizing the well-conserved linearity between single-molecule spot numbers and the target miRNA concentrations, the absolute average copy numbers of endogenous miRNA species in a single cell can be estimated. (nature.com)

Antibodies with Advanced Verification data have been validated for specificity to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (anobase.org)
Data will inform its cross-species applicability and carcinogen specificity. (nih.gov)

Note: Mouseover a species abbreviation on the product page to display the fullname. (novusbio.com)

However, PCR tests vary in specificity. (cdc.gov)

Osherson, DN & Wasow, T 1976, ' Task-specificity and species-specificity in the study of language: A methodological note ', Cognition , vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 203-214. (princeton.edu)

Tools that can be used in a number of species / model organisms rather than those restricted to a single species are highly desired. (nih.gov)

R. pickettii has been associated with noso- by the referring microbiology laboratory as B. cepacia com- comial outbreaks caused by contaminated solutions used for plex or a related species or were not identified to the species patient care and with pseudoepidemics caused by contami- level. (cdc.gov)

One species, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum , is found in the gastrointestinal tracts of adults and breastfed infants . (bvsalud.org)
Rickettsia can cause mild to severe illness and Rickettsia species can be found worldwide. (nih.gov)

We investigated the protist and bacterial microbiomes of a total of 29 replicate colonies from five termite species, covering both life types, using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. (biomedcentral.com)

Test in a species/application not listed above to receive a full credit towards a future purchase. (novusbio.com)

Try to avoid getting broad spectrum pesticides that have potential to kill or harm many beneficial species along with the pest. (unl.edu)
DHM also reduced NNK-derived DNA adducts in F344 rats, indicating its cross-species anti-initiation potential. (nih.gov)

The new tools and technologies should inform and/or exploit cell-type and/or circuit-level specificity. (nih.gov)

Anatomy6

Organisms14

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes32

Information Science4

Health Care4

Fitzgerald factor (high molecular weight kininogen) clotting activity in human plasma in health and disease in various animal plasmas. (1/42092)

Differences in benzo(a)pyrene metabolism between rodent liver microsomes and embryonic cells. (2/42092)

Effect of sex difference on the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by the rat. (3/42092)

Microbial and chemical transformations of some 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9,10-enes. (4/42092)

Fecal coliform elevated-temperature test: a physiological basis. (5/42092)

Features of the immune response to DNA in mice. I. Genetic control. (6/42092)

Lack of genic similarity between two sibling species of drosophila as revealed by varied techniques. (7/42092)

Genetic heterogeneity within electrophoretic "alleles" of xanthine dehydrogenase in Drosophila pseudoobscura. (8/42092)

Species Specificity

Sensitivity and Specificity

Substrate Specificity

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Lactosylceramides

Antibody Specificity

Host Specificity

Base Sequence

Cross Reactions

Receptors, Somatotropin

Protein Binding

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Cattle

Cell Line

Binding Sites

Rabbits

Haplorhini

G(M3) Ganglioside

Models, Molecular

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Recombinant Proteins

Kinetics

Cricetinae

Sequence Alignment

Epitopes

Sialyltransferases

Phylogeny

Escherichia coli

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Cloning, Molecular

Fertilization

Structure-Activity Relationship

Sperm-Ovum Interactions

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Receptors, Interferon

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Bacterial Proteins

Interferons

Plasmids

Binding, Competitive

Swine

DNA

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Protein Conformation

Spermatozoa

Mesocricetus

Sheep

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Peptides

Dogs

Molecular Weight

Receptors, Cell Surface

Cats

Ovum

DNA Primers

Transcription, Genetic

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Antigens, Bacterial

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Antibodies

Cercopithecus aethiops

Virus Replication

HeLa Cells

Guinea Pigs

DNA, Ribosomal

Mutation

Transfection

Glycoproteins

Mice, Inbred BALB C

DNA, Complementary

Evolution, Molecular

Liver

Viral Proteins

RNA, Ribosomal

Proteins

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Transcription Factors

Macaca mulatta