Spain
Europe
Toxic oil syndrome mortality: the first 13 years. (1/5074)
BACKGROUND: The toxic oil syndrome (TOS) epidemic that occurred in Spain in the spring of 1981 caused approximately 20000 cases of a new illness. Overall mortality and mortality by cause in this cohort through 1994 are described for the first time in this report. METHODS: We contacted, via mail or telephone, almost every living member of the cohort and family members of those who were known to have died in order to identify all deaths from 1 May 1981 through 31 December 1994. Cause of death data were collected from death certificates and underlying causes of death were coded using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision. RESULTS: We identified 1663 deaths between 1 May 1981 and 31 December 1994 among 19 754 TOS cohort members, for a crude mortality rate of 8.4%. Mortality was highest during 1981, with a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 4.92 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.39-5.50) compared with the Spanish population as a whole. The highest SMR, (20.41, 95% CI: 15.97-25.71) was seen among women aged 20-39 years during the period from 1 May 1981 through 31 December 1982. Women <40 years old, who were affected by TOS , were at greater risk for death in most time periods than their unaffected peers, while older women and men were not. Over the follow-up period, mortality of the cohort was less than expected when compared with mortality of the general Spanish population, or with mortality of the population of the 14 provinces where the epidemic occurred. We also found that, except for deaths attributed to external causes including TOS and deaths due to pulmonary hypertension, all causes of death were decreased in TOS patients compared to the Spanish population. The most frequent underlying causes of death were TOS, 350 (21.1%); circulatory disorders, 536 (32.3%); and malignancies, 310 (18.7%). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that while on average people affected by toxic oil syndrome are not at greater risk for death over the 13-year study period than any of the comparison groups, women <40 years old were at greater risk of death. (+info)Asthma visits to emergency rooms and soybean unloading in the harbors of Valencia and A Coruna, Spain. (2/5074)
Soybean unloading in the harbor of Barcelona, Spain, has been associated with large increases in the numbers of asthma patients treated in emergency departments between 1981 and 1987. In this study, the association between asthma and soybean unloading in two other Spanish cities, Valencia and A Coruna, was assessed. Asthma admissions were retrospectively identified for the period 1993-1995, and harbor activities were investigated in each location. Two approaches were used to assess the association between asthma and soybean unloading: One used unusual asthma days (days with an unusually high number of emergency room asthma visits) as an effect measure, and the other estimated the relative increase in the daily number of emergency room visits by autoregressive Poisson regression, adjusted for meteorologic variables, seasonality, and influenza incidence. No association between unusual asthma days and soya unloading was observed in either Valencia or A Coruna, except for one particular dock in Valencia. When the association between unloaded products and the daily number of emergency asthma visits was studied, a statistically significant association was observed for unloading of soya husk (relative risk = 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.94) and soybeans (relative risk = 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.59) in A Coruna. In Valencia, a statistical association was found only for the unloading of soybeans at two particular docks. Although these findings support the notion that asthma outbreaks are not a common hidden condition in most harbors where soybeans are unloaded, the weak associations reported are likely to be causal. Therefore, appropriate control measures should be implemented to avoid soybean dust emissions, particularly in harbors with populations living in the vicinity. (+info)Cancer mortality by educational level in the city of Barcelona. (3/5074)
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between educational level and mortality from cancer in the city of Barcelona. The data were derived from a record linkage between the Barcelona Mortality Registry and the Municipal Census. The relative risks (RR) of death and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to level of education were derived from Poisson regression models. For all malignancies, men in the lowest educational level had a RR of death of 1.21 (95% CI 1.13-1.29) compared with men with a university degree, whereas for women a significant decreasing in risk was observed (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.74-0.90). Among men, significant negative trends of increasing risk according to level of education were present for cancer of the mouth and pharynx (RR 1.70 for lowest vs. highest level of education), oesophagus (RR 2.14), stomach (RR 1.99), larynx (RR 2.56) and lung (RR 1.35). Among women, cervical cancer was negatively related to education (RR 2.62), whereas a positive trend was present for cancers of the colon (RR 0.76), pancreas (RR 0.59), lung (RR 0.55) and breast (RR 0.65). The present study confirms for the first time, at an individual level, the existence of socioeconomic differences in mortality for several cancer sites in Barcelona, Spain. There is a need to implement health programmes and public health policies to reduce these inequities. (+info)A comparative analysis of surveyors from six hospital accreditation programmes and a consideration of the related management issues. (4/5074)
PURPOSE: To gather data on how accreditors manage surveyors, to compare these data and to offer them to the accreditors for improvement and to the scientific community for knowledge of the accreditation process and reinforcement of the credibility of these processes. DATA SOURCE: The data were gathered with the aid of a questionnaire sent to all accreditors participating in the study. RESULTS: An important finding in this comparative study is the different contractual relationships that exist between the accreditors and their surveyors. CONCLUSION: Surveyors around the world share many common features in terms of careers, training, work history and expectations. These similarities probably arise from the objectives of the accreditors who try to provide a developmental process to their clients rather than an 'inspection'. (+info)Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population-based case-control study. (5/5074)
Although community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a major cause of hospitalization and death, few studies on risk factors have been performed. A population-based case-control study of risk factors for CAP was carried out in a mixed residential-industrial urban area of 74,610 adult inhabitants in the Maresme (Barcelona, Spain) between 1993 and 1995. All patients living in the area and clinically suspected of having CAP at primary care facilities and hospitals were registered. In total, 205 patients with symptoms, signs and radiographic infiltrate compatible with acute CAP participated in the study. They were matched by municipality, sex and age with 475 controls randomly selected from the municipal census. Risk factors relating the subject's characteristics and habits, housing conditions, medical history and treatments were investigated by means of a questionnaire. In the univariate analysis, an increased risk of CAP was associated with low body mass index, smoking, respiratory infection, previous pneumonia, chronic lung disease, lung tuberculosis, asthma, treated diabetes, chronic liver disease, and treatments with aminophiline, aerosols and plastic pear-spacers. In multivariate models, the only statistically significant risk factors were current smoking of >20 cigarettes x day(-1) (odds ratio (OR)=2.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-6.70 compared with never-smokers), previous respiratory infection (OR=2.73; 95% CI 1.75-4.26), and chronic bronchitis (OR=2.22; 95% CI 1.13-4.37). Benzodiazepines were found to be protective in univariate and multivariate analysis (OR=0.46; 95% CI 0.23-0.94). This population-based study provides new and better established evidence on the factors associated with the occurrence of pneumonia in the adult community. (+info)Isolation and characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing infection in Iberian toothcarp Aphanius iberus. (6/5074)
High mortality among laboratory cultured Iberian toothcarp Aphanius iberus occurred in February 1997 in Valencia (Spain). The main signs of the disease were external haemorrhage and tail rot. Bacteria isolated from internal organs of infected fish were biochemically homogeneous and identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The bacteria were haemolytic against erythrocytes from eel Anguilla anguilla, amberjack Seriola dumerili, toothcarp A. iberus and humans, and were Kanagawa-phenomenon-negative. Infectivity tests showed that the virulence for A. iberus was dependent on salinity. Finally, all strains were virulent for amberjack and eel. (+info)Serotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from clinical and environmental sources in Spain. (7/5074)
We determined biovars and serotypes of 154 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from clinical and environmental sources from different areas of Spain. All clinical isolates belonged to C. neoformans var. neoformans. Serotypes showed an irregular distribution. C. neoformans var. gattii serotype B was isolated from necropsy specimens from goats with pulmonary disease. (+info)Relationship of lipoprotein(a) levels to physical activity and family history of coronary heart disease. (8/5074)
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the association of physical activity with serum lipoprotein(a) [La(a)] levels in individuals according to whether they had a family history of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Lp(a) levels in 332 healthy Spanish men aged 20 to 60 years were measured. Physical activity and family history of CHD were assessed. RESULTS: For men with a family history of CHD, the odds ratio for Lp(a) levels above the median value was 0.13 (95% confidence interval = 0.03, 0.50) in very active men (energy expended in physical activity > 300 kcal/day) compared with active men (energy expended in physical activity < 300 kcal/day). CONCLUSIONS: Regular daily physical activity in individuals with a family history of CHD could be useful for controlling Lp(a) levels. (+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Spain" is not a medical term. It is a country located in southwestern Europe. If you have any questions about medical terms or topics, I would be happy to help answer them.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Europe" is a geographical and political designation, rather than a medical one. It refers to the continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Europe is made up of approximately 50 countries, depending on how one defines a "country."
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help answer them!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mediterranean Region" is not a term with a specific medical definition. The Mediterranean Region typically refers to the geographical area surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, including countries in Southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. However, in a medical context, it might refer to the study of diseases or health characteristics typical of certain populations in this region. For example, the "Mediterranean diet" is a popular term in nutrition and medicine, referring to the traditional eating habits in Mediterranean countries, which are associated with numerous health benefits. If you're looking for medical information related to a specific aspect of the Mediterranean Region or its population, please provide more context so I can give you a more accurate response.
Spain
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Ryan Spain
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Spain - Wikipedia
Spain - OECD
Santander, Spain - Wikipedia
Santander, Spain - Wikipedia
Spain
Legends of Spain
SARECOPROJECT - Etsy Spain
Hotel Claude Review, Marbella, Spain | Travel
Spain Soccer - Chrome Web Store
Weather for Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain
Judaism - Poet, Philosopher, Spain | Britannica
Spain joins bumpy European recovery
Spain Beat Albania
LISENDO | Fujifilm [Spain]
Spain | Sporting News
Spain
Category:Stadiums in Spain - Wikimedia Commons
Goods of Spain map on Behance
News - Spain - GLOBE.gov
Spain offices | Cathay Pacific
Spain Student Exchange Program
Spain - Labeling/Marking Requirements
Olives Demand in Spain
Learn Spanish in Spain
Turn Spain's budget crisis into an opportunity | Nature
FDRMC - Spain
Oil on panel
Category:Theatre of Spain - Wikimedia Commons
Milk Price in Spain
Madrid4
- The Creighton University School of Law Student Exchange Program with our sister Jesuit law school in Spain, Universidad Pontifica Comillas de Madrid , gives Creighton students the opportunity to live and learn in Madrid-and to learn alongside Comillas students in their Creighton law classrooms. (creighton.edu)
- Because Madrid is centrally located, you can also visit other historic areas of Spain. (creighton.edu)
- You can learn Spanish in Spain (Barcelona, Madrid, Sevilla or Valencia), in Argentina (Buenos Aires) or Costa Rica. (booked.net)
- MADRID, SPAIN (ANS) - Hundreds of thousands of people were reached with the Good News of Jesus. (assistnews.net)
Search2
Galicia4
- Aquarium Finisterrae is an aquarium located in A Coruña, Galicia, Spain. (navy.mil)
- Northern Spain and Galicia offer an exceptional variety of visitor accommodation. (streetdirectory.com)
- The standard of accommodation in the area is extremely high as you would expect from Galicia and Northern Spain. (streetdirectory.com)
- There are in excess of 1,500 hotels with a total of 92,000 beds registered in the territory of "Green Spain" -- the Atlantic regions of Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria and the Basque country. (streetdirectory.com)
Latin America2
- Iboamerica in PISA 2006 focuses on the peformance of eight Iberoamerican countries in PISA 2006: two European countries, Spain and Portugal, and six from Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay. (oecd.org)
- This is a great way to explore Spain and Latin America whilst learning about the Spanish language and culture. (booked.net)
Travelers1
- In Spain it was initially eradicated in the 20th century, together with the Ae aegypti vector, and currently most of the cases reported in Spain are imported by travelers from countries with dengue transmission (imported dengue ). (bvsalud.org)
Study Abroad Programs1
- Explore CIEE's study abroad programs in Spain and experience the rich culture and history that makes this country special. (ciee.org)
20161
- Spain will play Italy in the last 16 of Euro 2016 after a late Croatia winner condemned them to second in Group D. (bbc.com)
Cantabria1
- [santanˈdeɾ] ) is the capital of the autonomous community of Cantabria , Spain. (wikipedia.org)
Malaga1
- Walking out of the Picasso Museum in Malaga and almost immediately entering a café for a small beer and an empanada, I realized that Spain now is like the France that my mother grew up in, and understood in that moment what made my parents start my life in Europe. (courthousenews.com)
Destinations1
- As one of the top destinations in Europe to study abroad, Spain boasts a lively, diverse population with a rich history, unique cuisine, and nearly 50 UNESCO World Heritage Sites to explore. (ciee.org)
Roman2
- The name of Spain (España) comes from Hispania, the name used by the Romans for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces during the Roman Empire. (wikipedia.org)
- In Spain you will find Roman ruins, unique cathedrals and incomparable jewels of Islamic architecture, in a country that has been home to great civilisations. (iberia.com)
Shopping streets1
- Cafés succeed one another in the old towns and shopping streets of Spain, interspersed by bakeries with racks of fresh bread every couple blocks. (courthousenews.com)
Europe2
- Spain (Spanish: España, [esˈpaɲa] ), or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, in the Mediterranean Sea and in Africa. (wikipedia.org)
- All along the Mediterranean coast of Spain, I had heard England English and often Swedish spoken on the street, as the region has become a common location for vacation and retirement apartments bought by people from the chilly climes of northern Europe. (courthousenews.com)
Country6
- The dynastic union of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon in 1479 is often considered the formation of Spain as a country. (wikipedia.org)
- With the restoration of democracy under the Constitution of Spain and its entry into the European Union, the country experienced an economic boom that profoundly transformed it socially and politically. (wikipedia.org)
- The 15 National Parks of Spain provide visitors with the opportunity to see the beauty of the country, hike through mountain trails, and connect with nature. (navy.mil)
- If you decide to come to Spain , you'll find a passionate, fun-loving country that is much more diverse than you could ever imagine. (iberia.com)
- But despite its long history, Spain is a country that lives in the present. (iberia.com)
- In Spain they have dotted throughout the country a series of state run hotels that are known as Paradors. (streetdirectory.com)
Population1
- Projektet innebär en jämförelse mellan sexuell tillfredställelse samt estetiska och sexuella ideal i en svensk och en spansk population. (lu.se)
Croatia3
- What time is Spain vs Croatia? (sportingnews.com)
- What channel is Spain vs Croatia UEFA Nations League final? (sportingnews.com)
- I think Croatia have deserved it, Spain have played some good football, easy on the eye, but they were not clinical enough in front of goal. (bbc.com)
Spanish7
- Goods of Spain is an illustrated map poster realized with Walk with me about the best Spanish products. (behance.net)
- The city itself is the most Spanish of all the cities we visit in Spain, dominated by locals and, with its inland location, free of the daily cruise ship passenger invasion that is prominent in coastal cities. (courthousenews.com)
- Italy has escaped closer attention than Spain in recent weeks, but this could be due to technocratic Prime Minister Mario Monti selling its story better than the Spanish government. (cnbc.com)
- The Italian data is as bad as Spain, the difference is that Monti's a fantastic PR man compared to the PR disaster of the Spanish government. (cnbc.com)
- Study Abroad in Spain with CIEE and improve your Spanish language skills. (ciee.org)
- When you study in Spain, you can improve your language skills by studying Spanish abroad and completing an intensive Spanish immersion program. (ciee.org)
- Spain is a good place to study abroad in for students looking to improve their Spanish, learn about Spanish culture and history, and complete a variety of courses, including business, art, history, and more. (ciee.org)
Spoken1
- Visitors come from across Spain, Germany and Italy and to a lesser extent from the United Kingdom, so although English is widely spoken, you'll hear it less than in other busier tourist areas. (forbes.com)
Countries3
- After steady employment growth since the 1990s, Spain has experienced the sharpest increase in unemployment among OECD countries during the crisis, amplified by structural problems of the labour market. (oecd.org)
- In some respects, Spain has joined the ranks of countries with a modern, responsive and creative system of tertiary education. (oecd.org)
- Sense of duty to volunteer to treat COVID-19 patients varied substantially among countries, from 69% who felt that way in Spain to 40% in Brazil. (medscape.com)
Italy4
- There have been a number of accounts and hypotheses about its origin: Hispania may also derive from the poetic use of the term Hesperia, reflecting the Greek perception of Italy as a "western land" or "land of the setting sun" (Hesperia, Ἑσπερία in Greek) and Spain, being still further west, as Hesperia ultima. (wikipedia.org)
- Spain is overtaken by Denmark, which was ranked number 9 at €382.7 Per Metric Ton and is followed by Italy with €379.3 Per Metric Ton. (nationmaster.com)
- Is Italy Just Spain With Better PR? (cnbc.com)
- Italy and Spain just have Latin inheritance in common. (cnbc.com)
Growth1
- That followed a report from the Bank of Spain Wednesday predicting a return to economic growth in the quarter after a recession lasting two years. (cnn.com)
Find2
- You can usually find en-suite bathrooms or at least a shower in each Hotel bedroom. (streetdirectory.com)
- Do not expect to find en-suite facilities in the smaller Hostels and "Pensiones" but you might be surprised in certain cases. (streetdirectory.com)
Brazil1
- More than 7500 physicians ― nearly 5000 in the United States, and others in Brazil, France, Germany, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom ― responded to questions about their struggles to save patients and how the pandemic has changed their income and their lives at home and at work. (medscape.com)
Medieval1
- Judah ben Samuel ha-Levi (c. 1075-1141), another celebrated Hebrew poet from Spain, was the first medieval Jewish thinker to base his thought consciously and consistently on arguments drawn from Jewish history. (britannica.com)
Title1
- They dazzled with pace, passing and power en route to claiming their country's first title since the 1964 UEFA European Championship. (uefa.com)
Portugal1
- The percentage of physicians who reported that immediate family members had been infected ranged from 25% in Spain to 6% in Portugal. (medscape.com)
News1
- Latest news on the property market in Spain Selection of news articles related to the real estate market here. (euroresidentes.com)
Place1
- Their promising run, though, was cut short in Vienna where Spain confirmed their place in the final with a 3-0 triumph. (uefa.com)
People3
- Because Formentera is an island in Spain in an already developed and booming tourism industry, it's safe to point people this way and let them discover the quieter side of the Balearic Islands. (forbes.com)
- Section for people wanting to buy, sell or rent property in Spain. (euroresidentes.com)
- However, in recent years, cases of dengue have been described in people residing in Spain who had not traveled to areas with known transmission (autochthonous dengue ), transmitted by Aedes albopictus (the so-called tiger mosquito ), present especially in the Mediterranean basin. (bvsalud.org)
Play2
- In Spain do they play cricket? (answers.com)
- In spain, for some unknown reason, they do not play cricket, although they have a perfect climate for it. (answers.com)
Section1
- Renting property in Spain - if you want to buy to rent, then read this section and our free notice board of property to rent in Spain . (euroresidentes.com)
High2
- Spain has a very high Human Development Index (HDI). (wikipedia.org)
- The landscapes of Spain will touch your soul, from the high mountains of the Pyrenees and rugged cliffs along the Atlantic in the north to the peaceful charms of the Mediterranean and the warm south. (iberia.com)
Time3
- Methods: A series of patients with contact dermatitis from glucose sensors was investigated in eight dermatology departments across Spain (epidemiological features, brands, latency time to develop dermatitis, the ability to continue using the devices as well as the patch test results). (lu.se)
- Vaccine introduction status in Spain over time. (who.int)
- The pain was evident in this response from an emergency medicine physician in Spain: "It has been the worst time in my life ever, in both my personal and professional life. (medscape.com)
Year3
- Only second- or third-year Creighton law students in good standing may participate in the Spain Student Exchange Program. (creighton.edu)
- Since 2014, Spain Olives Demand jumped by 15.7% year on year. (nationmaster.com)
- Since 2013, Spain Milk Price was down by 0.9% year on year. (nationmaster.com)
Rank2
- How does Spain rank in Olives Demand? (nationmaster.com)
- How does Spain rank in Milk Price? (nationmaster.com)
European Union1
- You'll expand your opportunities for training in international and comparative law, particularly the laws of Spain and the European Union. (creighton.edu)