Sp transcription factors. Medical search

A family of DNA-binding proteins that contain three ZINC FINGERS at their carboxy termini. They are transcription factors that have specificity for GC boxes.

A specificity protein transcription factor that regulates expression of a variety of genes including VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P27.

A specificity protein transcription factor that is expressed primarily in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstream promoter elements, in mammalian cells. The binding of Sp1 is necessary for the initiation of transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral GENES.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An SP1-like transcription factor Spr2 acts downstream of Fgf signaling to mediate mesoderm induction. (1/49)

Fgf signaling, mediated in part by the transcription factor Brachyury/Xbra/Ntl, plays important roles in mesoderm formation during the early development of vertebrate embryos. We have identified a zebrafish gene, spr2, which encodes a member of the Sp1-like transcription factor family. spr2 is expressed in both hypoblast and epiblast cells during late blastulation/early gastrulation, and in some mesodermal and neural tissues at later stages. Injection with spr2 mRNA enhances ntl expression and alleviates the inhibitory effect on ntl of XFD, a Xenopus dominant-negative FGF receptor. In contrast, morpholino- mediated knockdown of Spr2 activity inhibits ntl expression and reduces the inductive effect of Fgfs on ntl. We also demonstrate that Fgf signaling relays mesoderm induction activity of Nodal signaling and Spr2 is involved in this signal relay process. Furthermore, the correct spatial expression of spr2 requires Nodal, Fgf and Wnt signals. We suggest that expression of spr2 is an immediate-early response to mesoderm induction by Fgfs, which in turn regulates the expression of effector genes involved in the development of mesodermal tissues. (+info)

Physical and functional interactions between members of the tumour suppressor p53 and the Sp families of transcription factors: importance for the regulation of genes involved in cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. (2/49)

In the present study, we have investigated mechanisms of transcriptional co-operation between proteins that belong to the tumour suppressor p53 and Sp (specificity protein) families of transcription factors. Such mechanisms may play an important role in the regulation of genes containing binding sites for both classes of transcription factors in their promoters. Two of these genes were analysed in the present study: the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Cip1 gene and the PUMA (p53-up-regulated mediator of apoptosis) gene. We found that Sp1 and Sp3, but not Sp2, co-operate functionally with p53, p73 and p63 for the synergistic transactivation of the p21Cip1 promoter in Drosophila Schneider SL2 cells that lack endogenous Sp factors. We also found that Sp1 strongly transactivated the PUMA promoter synergistically with p53, whereas deletion of the Sp1-binding sites abolished the transactivation by p53. Using p53 mutant forms in GST (glutathione S-transferase) pull-down assays, we found that the C-terminal 101 amino acids of p53, which include the oligomerization and regulatory domains of the protein, are required for the physical interactions with Sp1 and Sp3, and that deletion of this region abolished transactivation of the p21Cip1 promoter. Utilizing truncated forms of Sp1, we established that p53 interacted with the two transactivation domains A and B, as well as the DNA-binding domain. Our findings suggest that Sp factors are essential for the cellular responses to p53 activation by genotoxic stress. Understanding in detail how members of the p53 and Sp families of transcription factors interact and work together in the p53-mediated cellular responses may open new horizons in cancer chemotherapy. (+info)

Nkx3.1 binds and negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of Sp-family members in prostate-derived cells. (3/49)

Nkx3.1 is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that is expressed early in the development of the prostate gland and is believed to play an important role in the differentiation of prostatic epithelia. Loss of Nkx3.1 protein expression is often an early event in prostate tumorigenesis, and the abundance of Nkx3.1-negative epithelial cells increases with disease progression. In a number of systems, homeodomain proteins collaborate with zinc-finger-containing transcription factors to bind and regulate target genes. In the present paper, we report that Nkx3.1 collaborates with Sp-family members in the regulation of PSA (prostate-specific antigen) in prostate-derived cells. Nkx3.1 forms protein complexes with Sp proteins that are dependent on their respective DNA-binding domains and an N-terminal segment of Nkx3.1, and Nkx3.1 negatively regulates Sp-mediated transcription via Trichostatin A-sensitive and -insensitive mechanisms. A distal 1000 bp portion of the PSA promoter is required for transrepression by Nkx3.1, although Nkx3.1 DNA-binding activity is itself not required. We conclude that Nkx3.1 negatively regulates Sp-mediated transcription via the tethering of histone deacetylases and/or by inhibiting the association of Sp proteins with co-activators. (+info)

Functional and biochemical characterization of epithelial bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. (4/49)

Epithelial cells of many mucosal organs have adapted to coexist with microbes and microbial products. In general, most studies suggest that epithelial cells benefit from interactions with commensal microorganisms present at the lumenal surface. However, potentially injurious molecules found in this microenvironment also have the capacity to elicit local inflammatory responses and even systemic disease. We have recently demonstrated that epithelia cells express the anti-infective molecule bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI). Here, we extend these findings to examine molecular mechanisms of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) BPI expression and function. Initial experiments revealed a variance of BPI mRNA and protein expression among various IEC lines. Studies of BPI promoter expression in IECs identified regulatory regions of the BPI promoter and revealed a prominent role for CCAAT/enhancer binding protein and especially Sp1/Sp3 in the basal regulation of BPI. To assess the functional significance of this protein, we generated an IEC line stably transfected with full-length BPI. We demonstrated that, whereas epithelia express markedly less BPI protein than neutrophils, epithelial BPI contributes significantly to bacterial killing and attenuating bacterial-elicted proinflammatory signals. Additional studies in murine tissue ex vivo revealed that BPI is diffusely expressed along the crypt-villous axis and that epithelial BPI levels decrease along the length of the intestine. Taken together, these data confirm the transcriptional regulation of BPI in intestinal epithelia and provide insight into the relevance of BPI as an anti-infective molecule at intestinal surfaces. (+info)

Activation of the RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR promoter in the absence of interferon is dependent upon Sp proteins. (5/49)

The protein kinase regulated by RNA (PKR) is interferon (IFN)-inducible and plays important roles in many cellular processes, including virus multiplication, cell growth, and apoptosis. The TATA-less PKR promoter possesses a novel 15-bp DNA element (kinase conserved sequence (KCS)) unique to the human and mouse PKR genes that is conserved in sequence and position. We found that Sp1 and Sp3 of the Sp family of transcription factors bind at the KCS element. Their involvement was analyzed in the activation of basal and IFN-inducible PKR promoter activity. Both the small and large isoforms of Sp3 co-purified with KCS protein binding activity (KBP) by using nuclear extracts from HeLa cells not treated with IFN. Two forms of the KCS-binding protein complex were demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis; one contained Sp1 and the other Sp3. In mouse cells null for all Sp3 isoforms, PKR expression was reduced to approximately 50% that of wild-type cells in the absence of IFN. The IFN-inducible expression of PKR, however, was Sp3-independent but STAT1- and JAK1-dependent. Overexpression of Sp1 in human U cells resulted in increased PKR promoter activity. In Drosophila SL2 cells lacking Sp proteins, both Sp1 and Sp3 large but not small isoforms activated PKR promoter expression, with the Sp1-mediated activation dominant. Mutational analysis of the PKR promoter region indicated a cooperative interaction between two different Sp sites, one of which is within the KCS element. These results establish that, in the absence of IFN treatment, activation of PKR basal expression is mediated by Sp1 and Sp3 proteins in a cooperative manner. (+info)

Sp2 localizes to subnuclear foci associated with the nuclear matrix. (6/49)

We have reported that extracts prepared from many human and mouse cell lines show little or no Sp2 DNA-binding activity and that Sp2 has little or no capacity to stimulate transcription of promoters that are activated by Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4. Using an array of chimeric Sp1/Sp2 proteins we showed further that Sp2 DNA-binding activity and trans-activation are each negatively regulated in mammalian cells. As part of an ongoing effort to study Sp2 function and regulation we characterized its subcellular localization in comparison with other Sp-family members in fixed and live cells. We report that 1) Sp2 localizes largely within subnuclear foci associated with the nuclear matrix, and 2) these foci are distinct from promyelocytic oncogenic domains and appear to be stable during an 18-h time course of observation. Deletion analyses identified a 37 amino acid sequence spanning the first zinc-"finger" that is sufficient to direct nuclear matrix association, and this region also encodes a bipartite nuclear localization sequence. A second nuclear matrix targeting sequence is encoded within the Sp2 trans-activation domain. We conclude that Sp2 preferentially associates with the nuclear matrix and speculate that this subcellular localization plays an important role in the regulation of Sp2 function. (+info)

Tolfenamic acid and pancreatic cancer growth, angiogenesis, and Sp protein degradation. (7/49)

BACKGROUND: Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 are transcription factors that regulate cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and are overexpressed in many cancer cell lines. For some cancers, Sp1 overexpression is associated with poor survival. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors decrease Sp1 expression in cancer cells, and therefore different structural classes of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were screened for their ability to decrease levels of Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 and to decrease pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis in an in vivo model. METHODS: Levels of Sp1, Sp3, Sp4, and VEGF proteins in pancreatic cancer cell lines were assessed by immunoblot analysis. mRNA was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells transfected with VEGF promoter constructs were used to assess VEGF promoter activation. Pancreatic tumor weight and size and liver metastasis were assessed in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer (groups of 10 mice). Protein expression in tumors was assessed immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Tolfenamic acid and structurally related biaryl derivatives induced degradation of Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 in pancreatic cancer cells. Tolfenamic acid also inhibited VEGF mRNA and protein expression in pancreatic cancer cells; this inhibition was associated with the decreased Sp-dependent activation of the VEGF promoter. In the mouse model for pancreatic cancer, treatment with tolfenamic acid (50 mg/kg of body weight), compared with control treatment, statistically significantly decreased tumor growth and weight (P = .005), liver metastasis (P = .027), and levels of Sp3 and VEGF (P = .009) and Sp1 and Sp4 (P = .006) proteins in tumors. For example, tumors from mice treated with tolfenamic acid (50 mg/kg) had statistically significantly lower VEGF levels (45%, 95% confidence interval = 39% to 51%; P = .009) than tumors from control mice. CONCLUSIONS: Tolfenamic acid is a new antipancreatic cancer NSAID that activates degradation of transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4; reduces VEGF expression; and decreases tumor growth and metastasis. (+info)

Sp5l is a mediator of Fgf signals in anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm in zebrafish embryo. (8/49)

The neuroectoderm is patterned along the anterior-posterior axis in vertebrate embryos. Fgf signals are required to induce the posterior neuroectodermal fates, but they repress the anterior fate. Sp5l/Spr2, an Sp1-like transcription factor family member, has been shown to be required for development of mesoderm and posterior neuroectoderm. We demonstrate here that repression of the anterior neuroectodermal markers fez and otx1 by fgf17b or fgf3 coincides with induction of sp5l in the anterior neuroectoderm, and that this repression is efficiently rescued by simultaneous sp5l knockdown. On the other hand, sp5l knockdown is able to inhibit inductive activity of ectopic Fgf signals on the expression of the posterior neuroectodermal markers gbx2, hoxb1b, and krox20. Furthermore, effect of overexpression of a dominant negative Fgf receptor on anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm is rescued by sp5l overexpression. Taken together, these data suggest that sp5l mediates the functions of Fgf signals in anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm during zebrafish embryogenesis. (+info)

Sp transcription factors are a group of proteins that play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression during the development and differentiation of various organisms, including humans. The term "Sp" stands for "specificity protein," which refers to their ability to bind to specific DNA sequences and control the transcription of nearby genes.

Sp transcription factors contain a highly conserved DNA-binding domain known as the zinc finger domain. This domain consists of multiple tandem repeats of a short sequence, typically containing cysteine and histidine residues that coordinate with zinc ions to form a stable, folded structure. The zinc finger domains of Sp transcription factors recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences called GC-rich boxes or SP sites, which are often located in the promoter regions of target genes.

There are several members of the Sp family of transcription factors, including Sp1, Sp2, Sp3, and Sp4. These proteins share a high degree of sequence similarity within their zinc finger domains but can differ significantly in their transactivation domains, which interact with other proteins to modulate gene expression.

Sp transcription factors have been implicated in various cellular processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of Sp transcription factors has been associated with several human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, understanding the functions and regulatory mechanisms of Sp transcription factors is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies to treat these conditions.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sp3 Transcription Factor" is not a recognized medical term. However, I can provide you with a scientific explanation:

Sp3 is a type of transcription factor that binds to specific DNA sequences and helps regulate gene expression in cells. Sp3 stands for Specificity Protein 3, which belongs to the Sp (Specificity protein) family of transcription factors. These proteins play crucial roles during development and differentiation of various tissues.

Transcription factors like Sp3 have modular structures, consisting of several functional domains that enable them to perform their regulatory functions:

1. DNA-binding domain (DBD): This region recognizes and binds to specific DNA sequences, usually located in the promoter or enhancer regions of target genes. The DBD of Sp3 proteins is a zinc finger domain, which contains multiple tandem repeats that fold into a structure that interacts with the DNA.

2. Transcriptional regulatory domain (TRD): This region can either activate or repress gene transcription depending on the context and interacting partners. The TRD of Sp3 proteins has an inhibitory effect on transcription, but it can be overcome by other activating co-factors.

3. Nuclear localization signal (NLS): This domain targets the protein to the nucleus, where it can perform its regulatory functions.

4. Protein-protein interaction domains: These regions allow Sp3 proteins to interact with other transcription factors and co-regulators, forming complexes that modulate gene expression.

In summary, Sp3 is a transcription factor that binds to specific DNA sequences and regulates the expression of target genes by either activating or repressing their transcription. It plays essential roles in various cellular processes during development and tissue differentiation.

SP4 transcription factor is a member of the Sp1 (Specificity Protein 1) family of transcription factors that bind to GC-rich DNA sequences through their zinc finger domains. SP4, specifically, is a protein encoded by the SP4 gene in humans and is involved in the regulation of gene expression during various biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and survival.

SP4 can function both as an activator and repressor of transcription depending on the context, interacting with other transcription factors and co-regulators to modulate chromatin structure and accessibility at target gene promoters. Dysregulation of SP4 has been implicated in several human diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular disease.

Therefore, the SP4 transcription factor plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression programs that are critical for normal development and homeostasis, as well as in the pathogenesis of various diseases.

Sp1 (Specificity Protein 1) transcription factor is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, known as GC boxes, in the promoter regions of many genes. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression by controlling the initiation of transcription. Sp1 recognizes and binds to the consensus sequence of GGGCGG upstream of the transcription start site, thereby recruiting other co-activators or co-repressors to modulate the rate of transcription. Sp1 is involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, and its dysregulation has been implicated in several human diseases, such as cancer.

Promoter regions in genetics refer to specific DNA sequences located near the transcription start site of a gene. They serve as binding sites for RNA polymerase and various transcription factors that regulate the initiation of gene transcription. These regulatory elements help control the rate of transcription and, therefore, the level of gene expression. Promoter regions can be composed of different types of sequences, such as the TATA box and CAAT box, and their organization and composition can vary between different genes and species.

Transcription factors are proteins that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by controlling the transcription of DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA). They function by binding to specific DNA sequences, known as response elements, located in the promoter region or enhancer regions of target genes. This binding can either activate or repress the initiation of transcription, depending on the properties and interactions of the particular transcription factor. Transcription factors often act as part of a complex network of regulatory proteins that determine the precise spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression during development, differentiation, and homeostasis in an organism.

Genetic transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is used to create a complementary RNA molecule. This process is the first step in gene expression, where the genetic code in DNA is converted into a form that can be used to produce proteins or functional RNAs.

During transcription, an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to the DNA template strand and reads the sequence of nucleotide bases. As it moves along the template, it adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the growing RNA chain, creating a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to the DNA template strand. Once transcription is complete, the RNA molecule may undergo further processing before it can be translated into protein or perform its functional role in the cell.

Transcription can be either "constitutive" or "regulated." Constitutive transcription occurs at a relatively constant rate and produces essential proteins that are required for basic cellular functions. Regulated transcription, on the other hand, is subject to control by various intracellular and extracellular signals, allowing cells to respond to changing environmental conditions or developmental cues.

DNA-binding proteins are a type of protein that have the ability to bind to DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the genetic material of organisms. These proteins play crucial roles in various biological processes, such as regulation of gene expression, DNA replication, repair and recombination.

The binding of DNA-binding proteins to specific DNA sequences is mediated by non-covalent interactions, including electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. The specificity of binding is determined by the recognition of particular nucleotide sequences or structural features of the DNA molecule.

DNA-binding proteins can be classified into several categories based on their structure and function, such as transcription factors, histones, and restriction enzymes. Transcription factors are a major class of DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences in the promoter region of genes and recruiting other proteins to modulate transcription. Histones are DNA-binding proteins that package DNA into nucleosomes, the basic unit of chromatin structure. Restriction enzymes are DNA-binding proteins that recognize and cleave specific DNA sequences, and are widely used in molecular biology research and biotechnology applications.

Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.

'Gene expression regulation' refers to the processes that control whether, when, and where a particular gene is expressed, meaning the production of a specific protein or functional RNA encoded by that gene. This complex mechanism can be influenced by various factors such as transcription factors, chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and post-transcriptional modifications, among others. Proper regulation of gene expression is crucial for normal cellular function, development, and maintaining homeostasis in living organisms. Dysregulation of gene expression can lead to various diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders.

A base sequence in the context of molecular biology refers to the specific order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule. In DNA, these nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In RNA, uracil (U) takes the place of thymine. The base sequence contains genetic information that is transcribed into RNA and ultimately translated into proteins. It is the exact order of these bases that determines the genetic code and thus the function of the DNA or RNA molecule.

In the context of medical and biological sciences, a "binding site" refers to a specific location on a protein, molecule, or cell where another molecule can attach or bind. This binding interaction can lead to various functional changes in the original protein or molecule. The other molecule that binds to the binding site is often referred to as a ligand, which can be a small molecule, ion, or even another protein.

The binding between a ligand and its target binding site can be specific and selective, meaning that only certain ligands can bind to particular binding sites with high affinity. This specificity plays a crucial role in various biological processes, such as signal transduction, enzyme catalysis, or drug action.

In the case of drug development, understanding the location and properties of binding sites on target proteins is essential for designing drugs that can selectively bind to these sites and modulate protein function. This knowledge can help create more effective and safer therapeutic options for various diseases.

Transcriptional activation is the process by which a cell increases the rate of transcription of specific genes from DNA to RNA. This process is tightly regulated and plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including development, differentiation, and response to environmental stimuli.

Transcriptional activation occurs when transcription factors (proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences) interact with the promoter region of a gene and recruit co-activator proteins. These co-activators help to remodel the chromatin structure around the gene, making it more accessible for the transcription machinery to bind and initiate transcription.

Transcriptional activation can be regulated at multiple levels, including the availability and activity of transcription factors, the modification of histone proteins, and the recruitment of co-activators or co-repressors. Dysregulation of transcriptional activation has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders.

Trans-activators are proteins that increase the transcriptional activity of a gene or a set of genes. They do this by binding to specific DNA sequences and interacting with the transcription machinery, thereby enhancing the recruitment and assembly of the complexes needed for transcription. In some cases, trans-activators can also modulate the chromatin structure to make the template more accessible to the transcription machinery.

In the context of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection, the term "trans-activator" is often used specifically to refer to the Tat protein. The Tat protein is a viral regulatory protein that plays a critical role in the replication of HIV by activating the transcription of the viral genome. It does this by binding to a specific RNA structure called the Trans-Activation Response Element (TAR) located at the 5' end of all nascent HIV transcripts, and recruiting cellular cofactors that enhance the processivity and efficiency of RNA polymerase II, leading to increased viral gene expression.

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factors are a type of proteins that regulate gene expression through binding to specific DNA sequences. They play crucial roles in various biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The bHLH domain is composed of two amphipathic α-helices separated by a loop region. This structure allows the formation of homodimers or heterodimers, which then bind to the E-box DNA motif (5'-CANNTG-3') to regulate transcription.

The bHLH family can be further divided into several subfamilies based on their sequence similarities and functional characteristics. Some members of this family are involved in the development and function of the nervous system, while others play critical roles in the development of muscle and bone. Dysregulation of bHLH transcription factors has been implicated in various human diseases, including cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA (ribonucleic acid) that carries genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code "words," each of which specifies a particular amino acid. This information is used by the cell's machinery to construct proteins, a process known as translation. After being transcribed from DNA, mRNA travels out of the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. Once the protein has been synthesized, the mRNA may be degraded and recycled. Post-transcriptional modifications can also occur to mRNA, such as alternative splicing and addition of a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail, which can affect its stability, localization, and translation efficiency.

Burton SP, Burton ZF (2014). "The σ enigma: bacterial σ factors, archaeal TFB and eukaryotic TFIIB are homologs". Transcription ... Transcription factor II B (TFIIB) is a general transcription factor that is involved in the formation of the RNA polymerase II ... It is encoded by the TFIIB gene, and is homologous to archaeal transcription factor B and analogous to bacterial sigma factors ... "New core promoter element in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription: sequence-specific DNA binding by transcription factor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_B

SP1 belongs to the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors. The protein is 785 amino acids long, with a molecular weight of 81 ... Jackson SP, Tjian R (October 1988). "O-glycosylation of eukaryotic transcription factors: implications for mechanisms of ... Transcription factor Sp1, also known as specificity protein 1* is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP1 gene. The ... The SP1 transcription factor contains two glutamine-rich activation domains at its N-terminus that are believed to be necessary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_Sp1

Suske G (October 1999). "The Sp-family of transcription factors". Gene. 238 (2): 291-300. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00357-1. ... Transcription factor Sp4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP4 gene. Sp4 transcription factor has been shown to ... "Entrez Gene: SP4 Sp4 transcription factor". Rotheneder H, Geymayer S, Haidweger E (November 1999). "Transcription factors of ... Lee DK, Suh D, Edenberg HJ, Hur MW (July 2002). "POZ domain transcription factor, FBI-1, represses transcription of ADH5/FDH by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp4_transcription_factor

Burton SP, Burton ZF (6 November 2014). "The σ enigma: bacterial σ factors, archaeal TFB and eukaryotic TFIIB are homologs". ... Archaeal transcription factor B (ATFB or TFB) is a protein family of extrinsic transcription factors that guide the initiation ... "Transcription factor B contacts promoter DNA near the transcription start site of the archaeal transcription initiation complex ... "The crenarchaeal DNA damage-inducible transcription factor B paralogue TFB3 is a general activator of transcription". Molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeal_transcription_factor_B

RNA polymerase (RNAP) and sigma factors are necessary proteins for transcription of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA). Eubacterial ... Transcription units (TUs) of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 have been assigned using transcription start sites (TSSs) and transcript ... Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 lacks the σN factor found in other organisms, such as Escherichia coli, which is involved with ... Terminators are the DNA signal which halts transcription. Native Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 termination sites have been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synechocystis_sp._PCC_6803

Transcription factor Sp8 also known as specificity protein 8 (SP-8) or Btd transcription factor (buttonhead) is a protein that ... Sp8 is a transcription factor in the Sp/KLF family. Sp8 mediates limb outgrowth during early development. Sp8 deletion in mice ... "Entrez Gene: Sp8 transcription factor". Waclaw RR, Allen ZJ, Bell SM, Erdélyi F, Szabó G, Potter SS, Campbell K (February 2006 ... These transcription factors are Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) specific in limb development. The Apical Ectodermal Ridge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp8_transcription_factor

This gene encodes a member of the Sp subfamily of Sp/XKLF transcription factors. Sp family proteins are sequence-specific DNA- ... "Entrez Gene: SP2 Sp2 transcription factor". Rotheneder H, Geymayer S, Haidweger E (November 1999). "Transcription factors of ... Philipsen S, Suske G (1999). "A tale of three fingers: the family of mammalian Sp/XKLF transcription factors". Nucleic Acids ... Sp2+Transcription+Factor at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) FactorBook SP2 v t e ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp2_transcription_factor

DiMarco SP, Glover TW, Miller DE, Reines D, Warren ST (August 1996). "Transcription elongation factor SII (TCEA) maps to human ... "Transcription elongation factor SII (TFIIS) enables RNA polymerase II to elongate through a block to transcription in a human ... pausing and transcript cleavage by transcription factor IIF, hepatitis delta antigen, and stimulatory factor II". The Journal ... Transcription elongation factor A protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCEA1 gene. In other organisms, this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCEA1

"Entrez Gene: HLF hepatic leukemia factor". LeBrun DP (May 2003). "E2A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors in human ... Hunger SP, Li S, Fall MZ, Naumovski L, Cleary ML (June 1996). "The proto-oncogene HLF and the related basic leucine zipper ... This gene encodes a member of the proline and acidic-rich (PAR) protein family, a subset of the bZIP transcription factors. The ... Transcription factors, All stub articles, Human chromosome 17 gene stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLF_(gene)

... has plasmid maintenance functions in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120". Journal of Bacteriology. 185 (15): 4315-4325. doi:10.1128/ ... the GntR-like bacterial transcription factors are a family of transcription factors. Many bacterial transcription regulation ... a fatty acid-responsive transcription factor with a novel acyl coenzyme A-binding fold". EMBO J. 19 (19): 5167-77. doi:10.1093/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GntR-like_bacterial_transcription_factors

... factor inhibiting ATF4-mediated transcription) expression by Sp family transcription factors in osteoblasts". Journal of ... It is a member of the Sp family of zinc-finger transcription factors It is highly conserved among bone-forming vertebrate ... Transcription factor Sp7, also called osterix (Osx), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP7 gene. ... Sp12+Transcription+Factor at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Articles with short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp7_transcription_factor

This family has been expanded to also include the Sp transcription factor and related proteins, forming the Sp/KLF family. The ... Such cross-regulation occurs extensively in transcription factor families. Many transcription factor genes regulate their own ... KLF/Sps are a family of transcription factors that contain three carboxyl-terminal (C-terminal) C2H2-type zinc finger ... Presnell JS, Schnitzler CE, Browne WE (July 2015). "KLF/SP Transcription Factor Family Evolution: Expansion, Diversification, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruppel-like_factors

Frietze S, Farnham PJ (14 April 2011). "Transcription Factor Effector Domains". A Handbook of Transcription Factors. ... Glutamine (Q)-rich TADs are found in POU2F1 (Oct1), POU2F2 (Oct2), and Sp1 (see also Sp/KLF family). Although such is not the ... is a transcription factor scaffold domain which contains binding sites for other proteins such as transcription coregulators. ... 9aaTAD transcription factors p53, VP16, MLL, E2A, HSF1, NF-IL6, NFAT1 and NF-κB interact directly with the general coactivators ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactivation_domain

This promoter may also be the target of the transcription factor Sp-1. While transcription factors control which cells express ... Differences in the functional VNTR have been identified as risk factors for bipolar disorder and ADHD. Data has emerged that ... Sacchetti P, Mitchell TR, Granneman JG, Bannon MJ (March 2001). "Nurr1 enhances transcription of the human dopamine transporter ... with the DAT and this binding may alter the dopamine homeostasis in HIV positive individuals which is a contributing factor for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_transporter

Transcription Factors-Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition. ScholarlyEditions. 26 December 2012. pp. 203-. ISBN ... Nakajima, Y.; Kitpreechavanich, V.; Suzuki, K.-i.; Kudo, T. (1999). "Microbispora corallina sp. nov., a new species of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbispora_corallina

Transcription factor MafB also known as V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B is a protein that in humans is ... Wang PW, Eisenbart JD, Cordes SP, Barsh GS, Stoffel M, Le Beau MM (Aug 1999). "Human KRML (MAFB): cDNA cloning, genomic ... The gene-poor regions either side of the MAFB gene include numerous binding sites for transcription factors that are known to ... MafB is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor that plays an important role in the regulation of lineage-specific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAFB_(gene)

"Human KLF17 is a new member of the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors". Genomics. 87 (4): 474-82. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno. ... Transcription factors, All stub articles, Human chromosome 1 gene stubs). ... Krueppel-like factor 17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF17 gene. Model organisms have been used in the study ... "Entrez Gene: KLF17 Kruppel-like factor 17". Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: high throughput ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLF17

"Human KLF17 is a new member of the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors". Genomics. 87 (4): 474-82. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno. ... July 1997). "FOG, a multitype zinc finger protein, acts as a cofactor for transcription factor GATA-1 in erythroid and ... Crossley, M; Brownlee, GG (May 1990). "Disruption of a C/EBP binding site in the factor IX promoter is associated with ... van Vliet, J; Turner, J; Crossley, M (May 2000). "Human Krüppel-like factor 8: a CACCC-box binding protein that associates with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin_Crossley

"A novel role of the Sp/KLF transcription factor KLF11 in arresting progression of endometriosis". PLOS ONE. 8 (3): e60165. ... KLF11 is a mesoderm derived, zinc finger transcription factor in the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family. It binds to SP1- like GC ... Ou XM, Chen K, Shih JC (May 2004). "Dual functions of transcription factors, transforming growth factor-beta-inducible early ... novel members of the SP/XKLF transcription factor family". Genomics. 70 (1): 93-101. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6362. PMID 11087666 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLF11

The protein encoded by this gene is a photoreceptor-specific transcription factor which plays a role in the differentiation of ... Sohocki MM, Sullivan LS, Mintz-Hittner HA, Birch D, Heckenlively JR, Freund CL, McInnes RR, Daiger SP (Nov 1998). "A range of ... rod homeobox transcription factor". Proteins. doi:10.1002/prot.26332. PMID 35255174. Germot A, Lecointre G, Plouhinec JL, Le ... a photoreceptor transcription-factor gene". American Journal of Human Genetics. 63 (5): 1307-15. doi:10.1086/302101. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRX_(gene)

... novel members of the SP/XKLF transcription factor family". Genomics. 70 (1): 93-101. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6362. PMID 11087666 ... novel members of the SP/XKLF transcription factor family". Genomics. 70 (1): 93-101. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6362. PMID 11087666 ... Song A, Chen YF, Thamatrakoln K, Storm TA, Krensky AM (Jan 1999). "RFLAT-1: a new zinc finger transcription factor that ... Song A, Chen YF, Thamatrakoln K, Storm TA, Krensky AM (Jan 1999). "RFLAT-1: a new zinc finger transcription factor that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLF13

The domain is present in a diverse range of proteins, such as kinases, phosphatases, kinesins, transcription factors, RNA- ... Durocher D, Jackson SP (February 2002). "The FHA domain". FEBS Letters. 513 (1): 58-66. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03294-X. PMID ... a putative nuclear signalling domain found in protein kinases and transcription factors". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 20 (9 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forkhead-associated_domain

"Binding and stimulation of HIV-1 integrase by a human homolog of yeast transcription factor SNF5". Science. 266 (5193): 2002-6 ... Wang W, Côté J, Xue Y, Zhou S, Khavari PA, Biggar SR, Muchardt C, Kalpana GV, Goff SP, Yaniv M, Workman JL, Crabtree GR (1996 ... Wu DY, Kalpana GV, Goff SP, Schubach WH (1996). "Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 (EBNA2) binds to a component of the human ... Van Maele B, Busschots K, Vandekerckhove L, Christ F, Debyser Z (2006). "Cellular co-factors of HIV-1 integration". Trends ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMARCB1

Transcription factor Dp-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFDP1 gene. The E2F transcription factor family (see ... Zhang Y, Venkatraj VS, Fischer SG, Warburton D, Chellappan SP (Mar 1997). "Genomic cloning and chromosomal assignment of the ... "Entrez Gene: TFDP1 transcription factor Dp-1". Sardet C, Vidal M, Cobrinik D, Geng Y, Onufryk C, Chen A, Weinberg RA (Mar 1995 ... TFDP1 may be the first example of a family of related transcription factors; see TFDP2 (MIM 602160).[supplied by OMIM] TFDP1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFDP1

Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OLIG1 gene. Oligodendrocyte Transcription ... Arnett HA, Fancy SP, Alberta JA, Zhao C, Plant SR, Kaing S, Raine CS, Rowitch DH, Franklin RJ, Stiles CD (Dec 2004). "bHLH ... "Entrez Gene: OLIG1 oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1". Zhou Q, Wang S, Anderson DJ (Feb 2000). "Identification of a novel ... Jakovcevski I, Zecevic N (Nov 2005). "Olig transcription factors are expressed in oligodendrocyte and neuronal cells in human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLIG1

Hsu MC, Chang HC, Hung WC (2006). "HER-2/neu represses the metastasis suppressor RECK via ERK and Sp transcription factors to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RECK

... they are upregulated by the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). There are four different transcription factors ... Abravaya K, Myers MP, Murphy SP, Morimoto RI (July 1992). "The human heat shock protein hsp70 interacts with HSF, the ... Trinklein ND, Murray JI, Hartman SJ, Botstein D, Myers RM (March 2004). "The role of heat shock transcription factor 1 in the ... while σ32 is the heat shock transcription factor in E. coli. When not bound to DNA, HSF1 is in a monomeric state where it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_shock_response

... the transcription factor that regulates heat shock gene expression". Genes & Development. 6 (7): 1153-64. doi:10.1101/gad.6.7. ... Abravaya K, Myers MP, Murphy SP, Morimoto RI (Jul 1992). "The human heat shock protein hsp70 interacts with HSF, the ... heat shock transcription factor Hsf1, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor". Cell Stress & Chaperones. 1 (4): 237-50. PMC 376461. ... transcription factor that regulates heat shock gene expression". Genes & Development. 6 (7): 1153-64. doi:10.1101/gad.6.7.1153 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA4

Heat shock factor Heat shock protein Transcription factor ENSG00000284774 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000185122, ... Abravaya K, Myers MP, Murphy SP, Morimoto RI (July 1992). "The human heat shock protein hsp70 interacts with HSF, the ... "Signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 and heat shock factor-1 interact and activate the transcription of the Hsp- ... "Heat shock factor 1 represses transcription of the IL-1beta gene through physical interaction with the nuclear factor of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSF1

Zhou X, Tron VA, Li G, Trotter MJ (August 1998). "Heat shock transcription factor-1 regulates heat shock protein-72 expression ... Abravaya K, Myers MP, Murphy SP, Morimoto RI (1992). "The human heat shock protein hsp70 interacts with HSF, the transcription ... Drabent B, Genthe A, Benecke BJ (1987). "In vitro transcription of a human hsp 70 heat shock gene by extracts prepared from ... tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin-6 in immune cells, thereby reducing inflammation and improving ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA1A

... and is the archetypical transcription factor to study actin interplay with transcription. We show that neuronal motility evoked ... 2002) Mutant actins demonstrate a role for unpolymerized actin in control of transcription by serum response factor. Mol Biol ... A Nuclear Actin Function Regulates Neuronal Motility by Serum Response Factor-Dependent Gene Transcription. Sina Stern, Evaine ... SRF is the archetypical transcription factor for studying actin interplay with gene expression (Posern and Treisman, 2006; ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/29/14/4512?iss=14

... of its neurotoxicity has been associated to an overexpression of the Restrictive Element 1 Silencing Transcription factor (REST ... Keywords: MeHg; REST (RE-1 silencing transcription factor); SOD1-G93A; Sp transcription factors; motor neuronal cell death. ... The Transcriptional Complex Sp1/KMT2A by Up-Regulating Restrictive Element 1 Silencing Transcription Factor Accelerates ... of its neurotoxicity has been associated to an overexpression of the Restrictive Element 1 Silencing Transcription factor (REST ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34899171/

title = "Sp transcription factor family and its role in cancer",. abstract = "Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and other Sp and Kr ... and other Sp and Krüppel-like factor (KLF) proteins are members of a family of transcription factors which bind GC/GT-rich ... and other Sp and Krüppel-like factor (KLF) proteins are members of a family of transcription factors which bind GC/GT-rich ... and other Sp and Krüppel-like factor (KLF) proteins are members of a family of transcription factors which bind GC/GT-rich ...

https://scholars.houstonmethodist.org/en/publications/sp-transcription-factor-family-and-its-role-in-cancer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_B

Activated calcineurin dephosphorylates the transcription factor (TF) Crz1, which moves to the nucleus and binds to calcineurin/ ... Genome-wide recruitment profiling of transcription factor Crz1 in response to high pH stress. figshare. Collection. https://doi ... suggesting a possible mechanism for amplification of the signal at the transcription level. Further analysis of the binding ...

https://figshare.com/collections/Genome-wide_recruitment_profiling_of_transcription_factor_Crz1_in_response_to_high_pH_stress/3622088/1

This gene encodes a member of the Sp subfamily of Sp/XKLF transcription factors. Sp family proteins are sequence-specific DNA- ... Transcription Factor SP2 Regulates Ski-mediated Astrocyte Proliferation In Vitro. Title: Transcription Factor SP2 Regulates Ski ... SP2 Sp2 transcription factor [Homo sapiens] SP2 Sp2 transcription factor [Homo sapiens]. Gene ID:6668 ... Sp2 transcription factorprovided by HGNC. Primary source. HGNC:HGNC:11207 See related. Ensembl:ENSG00000167182 MIM:601801; ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6668

Objective Increased activity of Sp family of transcription factors is a. * Post author By colinsbraincancer ... Objective Increased activity of Sp family of transcription factors is a frequent and essential event in cancer development and ... Sp transcription elements like Sp1 Sp3 and Sp4 have an effect on multiple cellular procedures and also have been involved with ... MTM binds preferentially to GC-rich sequences in DNA matching to Sp binding sites [27 28 inhibits appearance of Sp-regulated ...

http://colinsbraincancer.com/2016/04/11/objective-increased-activity-of-sp-family-of-transcription-factors-is-a/

... most genes of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 encode proteins with completely unknown function. To facilitate ... Transcription factors Is the Subject Area "Transcription factors" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113496

Popescu SC, Popescu GV, Bachan S, Zhang Z, Gerstein M, Snyder M, Dinesh-Kumar SP (2009) MAPK target networks in Arabidopsis ... Nguyen, X.C., Kim, S.H., Lee, K. et al. Identification of a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor (ZAT10) from Arabidopsis ... Identification of a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor (ZAT10) from Arabidopsis as a substrate of MAP kinase. *Xuan ... Here, we identified a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor from Arabidopsis, ZAT10, as a substrate of MPKs. Using in ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00299-011-1192-x?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d3409622-f99a-4ddf-b87d-5b0eb7cab38e

... a study to identify key transcription factors (TF) involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory response by transcriptome ... SP, Brazil. Blood serum glucose content was quantified by the colorimetric enzymatic method according to Trinder50 using ... In this study, we identified the transcription factors RXRA, EGFR, and SREBP2 precursor as key transcription factors linked to ... Kusnadi, A. et al. The cytokine TNF promotes transcription factor SREBP activity and binding to inflammatory genes to activate ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-14069-1?error=cookies_not_supported&code=882abe81-2292-4769-9404-2ee54a706ab8

The G-allele binds a transcription factor, Sp-1, better than the T-allele [42]. Ten base pairs away from this Sp-1 site is an ... ER binding site and the Sp-1 and ER transcription factors can interact so that the highest levels of MDM2 mRNA and protein are ... The first intron of the MDM2 gene contains sites for transcription factors that regulate the levels of the MDM2 mRNA. ... 4/6 that acts upon the Rb protein freeing the E2F transcription factor for entry into the cell cycle [28, 29]. (3) WIP1, ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jo/2010/297671/

A role for Sp and nuclear receptor transcription factors in a cardiac hypertrophic growth program. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997 ... Activation of the human mitochondrial transcription factor A gene by nuclear respiratory factors: a potential regulatory link ... It will be of significant interest to determine whether PGC-1 coactivates other transcription factors involved in the ... transcription factors dictate the level of expression of enzymes and proteins in specific mitochondrial pathways. This notion ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/10268

... is one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs). It is widely distributed and highly conserved in animals, plants ... Alves MS, Dadalto SP, Gonçalves AB, De Souza GB, Barros VA, Fietto LG. Plant bZIP transcription factors responsive to pathogens ... The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor (TF) is one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs). It is ... Duan, L., Mo, Z., Fan, Y. et al. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factor family ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-022-08547-z

De Gruyter Poland Sp. z o.o.. Bogumila Zuga 32a. 01-811 Warsaw, Poland. [email protected]. +48 22 701 50 15. ... Horikoshi M, Hara K, Ito C, Nagai R, Froguel P, Kadowaki T. A genetic variation of the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene is ... Evaluation of Transcription Factor 7 like 2 polymorphisms and haplotypes in risk of Type 2 Diabetes. ... Association study of the genetic polymorphisms of the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene and type 2 diabetes in the ...

https://sciendo.com/article/10.1515/rrlm-2016-0038

The genome atlases allowed for distinguishing distinct DNA structures and highlighted suspicious high transcription zones. The ... The transcription of pathogenicity factors and antimicrobial components is controlled by regulators that operate jointly as a ... Pantoea septica sp. nov., Pantoea eucrina sp. nov., Pantoea brenneri sp. nov. and Pantoea conspicua sp. nov., and transfer of ... nov., Dickeya dianthicola sp. nov., Dickeya dieffenbachiae sp. nov. and Dickeya zeae sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/8/4/247

... sp. lycopersici. Our analysis revealed lineage-specific (LS) genomic regions in F. oxysporum that include four entire ... The gene coding for a new transcription factor (ftf1) of Fusarium oxysporum is only expressed during infection of common bean. ... Gale, L. R., Katan, T. & Kistler, H. C. The probable center of origin of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici VCG 0033. Plant ... 9 and Supplementary Tables 13, 17). A family of transcription factor sequences related to FTF1, a gene transcribed specifically ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08850?error=cookies_not_supported&code=e91080c6-7955-4407-b9b6-8ed25bcd7121

... biotin-SP-AffiniPure goat anti-rabbit IgG H+L (4.3 g/mL; Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories, Western world Grove, PA, USA) ... Category: Transcription Factors. Posted on February 9, 2023. During retreatment, many patients experienced the known degree of ... resulting in the phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3 (Ferreira et?al., 2013). It has been reported that IL-6 ... B) HEK293T cells (6? 103), pre-transfected with combinations of plasmids, Gluc1 (encoding the indicated ETS factor), and Gluc2 ...

http://www.columbiagypsy.net/category/transcription-factors/

SP - 809. EP - 818. JO - Cell Death and Differentiation. JF - Cell Death and Differentiation ... Heterarchy of transcription factors driving basal and luminal cell phenotypes in human urothelium. In: Cell Death and ... Heterarchy of transcription factors driving basal and luminal cell phenotypes in human urothelium. Cell Death and ... Heterarchy of transcription factors driving basal and luminal cell phenotypes in human urothelium. / Fishwick, Carl; Higgins, ...

https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk/en/publications/heterarchy-of-transcription-factors-driving-basal-and-luminal-cel

SP - 391. EP - 397. JO - Biochemical Society Transactions. JF - Biochemical Society Transactions ... Effect of multiple phosphorylation events on the transcription factors FKHR, FKHRLI and AFX. Woods, Y. L. & Rena, G., 2002.. ... Effect of multiple phosphorylation events on the transcription factors FKHR, FKHRLI and AFX. / Woods, Y. L.; Rena, G. . In: ... Woods, Y. L., & Rena, G. (2002). Effect of multiple phosphorylation events on the transcription factors FKHR, FKHRLI and AFX. ...

https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/effect-of-multiple-phosphorylation-events-on-the-transcription-fa-2

... is a transcription factor in the SP family, which is essential for osteoblast differentiation, and its expression is closely ... 9. Komori T. Regulation of osteoblast differentiation by transcription factors. J Cell Biochem. (2006) 99:1233-9. doi: 10.1002/ ... Runx2 belongs to the Run family and is an essential upstream transcription factor during osteoblast differentiation. It ... and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) are commonly used to evaluate differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts. ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2022.857170/full

CSCPs are a high-efficacy anti-SP natural active substance and CS/CSCPs/β-GP gel can synergistically enhance the CSCPs anti-SP ... SP can cause many clinical skin diseases, such as solar freckle-like nevus, solar keratosis, cutaneous melanoma, and squamous ... anti-SP effect. The mechanism is likely related to the inhibited activation of ROS/nuclear transcription factor-κB signaling ... and key inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), and tissue expression of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36798808/

In soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), the transcription factor SHATI-5 and the gene Pod dehiscence 1 (Pdh1) meditate and control ... Lens sp.; Ladizinsky, 1979; Ladizinsky, 1985; Fratini et al., 2007) and one to two dominant loci in pea (Pisum sp.; Blixt, 1972 ... In other members of the Fabeae tribe, domestication has successfully eliminated PD (e.g. Pisum sp.) or reduced PD to very low ... levels relative to wild types (e.g. Lens sp.; Abbo et al., 2014; see review by Ogutcen et al., 2018). PD was controlled by one ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.00082/full

thyroid transcription factor 1-associated protein 26. Names. TTF-1-associated protein 26. TTF-1-associated protein BR2. coiled- ... The TTF-1/TAP26 complex differentially modulates surfactant protein-B (SP-B) and -C (SP-C) promoters in lung cells. Yang MC, et ... BR22, a 26 kDa thyroid transcription factor-1 associated protein (TAP26), is expressed in human lung cells. Yang MC, et al. Eur ... BR22, a novel protein, interacts with thyroid transcription factor-1 and activates the human surfactant protein B promoter. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/29080

SP - P19. BT - Combined Biological Sciences Meeting. PB - Combined Biological Sciences Meeting ... Bolitho, E. M., Fletcher, S., Grounds, M., & Beilharz, M. (1994). Comparative expression of myogenic transcription factors in ... Bolitho, EM, Fletcher, S, Grounds, M & Beilharz, M 1994, Comparative expression of myogenic transcription factors in ... Comparative expression of myogenic transcription factors in regenerating skeletal muscles from BALB/c and SJL/J mice. Combined ...

https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/comparative-expression-of-myogenic-transcription-factors-in-regen-2

Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY1 encodes a PHD-type transcription factor and regulates pollen and tapetum development. In: Plant ... Dive into the research topics of Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY1 encodes a PHD-type transcription factor and regulates pollen and ... Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY1 encodes a PHD-type transcription factor and regulates pollen and tapetum development. / Ito, Takuya ... title = "Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY1 encodes a PHD-type transcription factor and regulates pollen and tapetum development", ...

https://pure.psu.edu/en/publications/arabidopsis-male-sterility1-encodes-a-phd-type-transcription-fact

"Thrombospondin-1 Signaling through CD47 Inhibits Self-renewal by Regulating c-Myc and Other Stem Cell Transcription Factors". ... Kaur S, Soto-Pantoja DR, Stein EV, Liu C, Elkahloun AG, Pendrak ML, Nicolae A, Singh SP, Nie Z, Levens D, Isenberg JS, Roberts ... of CD47 with TSP-1 in wild-type cells inhibits proliferation and reduces expression of stem cell transcription factors.[12] ... Apoptosis induction appears to be regulated by the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) pathway.[14] ...

https://wikidoc.org/index.php/CD47

AF7288-SP, R and D Systems Europe Ltd), RanBP9 (A304-779A, Bethyl Laboratories), YPEL5 (ab103831, Abcam), HTRA2 (AF1458-SP, ... The transcription factor Hbp1 is a proteolytic ubiquitination target of the human GID E3 ligase.. (A) Depletion of WDR26 and ... 2012) The acetylation of transcription factor HBP1 by p300/CBP enhances p16INK4A expression Nucleic Acids Research 40:981-995. ... Note that the transcription factor Hbp1 is specifically enriched upon proteasome inhibition. (D) Co-immunoprecipitation ...

https://elifesciences.org/articles/35528

Monga SPS, Sanderson SO, Prieto J, Roberts LR, Fernandez-Zapico ME. Activation of the transcription factor GLI1 by WNT ... Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells-dependent Down-regulation of the Transcription Factor Glioma-associated Protein 1 (GLI1) ... The transcription factor GLI1 interacts with SMAD proteins to modulate transforming growth factor beta-induced gene expression ... The oncogenic transcription factor IRF4 is regulated by a novel CD30/NF-kappaB positive feedback loop in peripheral T-cell ...

https://www.mayo.edu/research/searchpublications/publications?authid=12699021

Transcription factor Sp2: Molecular characterization and generation of Sp2 gene targeted mice by: Baur, Frank Published: (2005 ... Die Bedeutung der Surfactantproteine SP-A und SP-D bei der Modulation des Entzündungsprozesses im Rahmen des chronischen Asthma ... Transcription factor Sp3 as target for SUMOylation in vivo by: Rischitor, Grigore Published: (2005) ...

https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/ubfind/Record/urn:nbn:de:hebis:04-z2004-0612/UserComments

Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and other Sp and Krüppel-like factor (KLF) proteins are members of a family of transcription factors which bind GC/GT-rich promoter elements through three C 2 H 2 -type zinc fingers that are present at their C-terminal domains. (houstonmethodist.org)
There is growing evidence that some Sp proteins play a critical role in the growth and metastasis of many tumour types by regulating expression of cell cycle genes and vascular endothelial growth factor. (houstonmethodist.org)
Sp/KLF proteins are also potential targets for cancer chemotherapy. (houstonmethodist.org)
Sp family proteins are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins characterized by an amino-terminal trans-activation domain and three carboxy-terminal zinc finger motifs. (nih.gov)
This protein contains the least conserved DNA-binding domain within the Sp subfamily of proteins, and its DNA sequence specificity differs from the other Sp proteins. (nih.gov)
Essential FA, mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), may modulate gene expression in diverse biological processes thought regulating transcription factors (TF), including peroxisome proliferator receptors (PPAR) , liver X receptors (LXR) , and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins ( SREBP ) 3 . (nature.com)
Previously, the genome of the cereal pathogen Fg was sequenced and shown to encode a larger number of proteins in pathogenicity related protein families compared to non-pathogenic fungi, including predicted transcription factors, hydrolytic enzymes, and transmembrane transporters 5 . (nature.com)
PopP2 and AvrRps4 interact with other WRKY domain-containing proteins, suggesting these effectors interfere with WRKY transcription factor-dependent defense, and RPS4/RRS1 has integrated a "decoy" domain that enables detection of effectors that target WRKY proteins. (bath.ac.uk)
The conserved family of Transcription Intermediary Factors (TIF1) proteins consists of key transcriptional regulators that control transcription of target genes by modulating chromatin state. (elifesciences.org)
The transcription factors, stimulatory proteins 1 and 3 (Sp1 and Sp3), nuclear factor Y (NF-Y), upstream stimulatory factor (USF) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) have cognate binding sites on the promoter of the FAS gene. (hw.ac.uk)
Surfactant proteins (SP) reduce alveolar surface tension and modulate innate immune responses to control lung inflammation. (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, MeHg increased the expression of the transcriptional factor Sp1 and promoted its binding to REST gene promoter sequence. (nih.gov)
Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
Thyroid transcription factor-1, a key transcriptional activator of SP expression, was reduced in dust-extract-treated cells, indicating that its down-regulation mediates inhibition of SP levels. (cdc.gov)

Transcription factor II B (TFIIB) is a general transcription factor that is involved in the formation of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) and aids in stimulating transcription initiation. (wikipedia.org)
TFIIB is localised to the nucleus and provides a platform for PIC formation by binding and stabilising the DNA-TBP (TATA-binding protein) complex and by recruiting RNA polymerase II and other transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
TFIIB makes protein-protein interactions with the TATA-binding protein (TBP) subunit of transcription factor IID, and the RPB1 subunit of RNA polymerase II. (wikipedia.org)
There are six steps in the mechanism of TFIIB action in the formation of the PIC and transcription initiation: RNA polymerase II is recruited to DNA through the TFIIB B core and B ribbon. (wikipedia.org)
RNA polymerase II selects a transcription start site, aided by the TFIIB B reader. (wikipedia.org)
After DNA melting the transcription initiator (Inr) must be located on the DNA so the TSS can be identified by the RNA polymerase II and transcription can begin. (wikipedia.org)
This is done by passing the DNA through the 'template tunnel' and the DNA is scanned, looking for the Inr and placing it in a position that ensures the transcription start site is located in the correct place by the RNA polymerase active site. (wikipedia.org)
High levels of RNA polymerase III gene transcription are achieved by facilitated recycling of the polymerase on transcription factor IIIB (TFIIIB)-DNA complexes that are stable through multiple rounds of initiation. (elsevierpure.com)

Important regulatory factors, TFs bind to the promoter regions of target genes and activate or inhibit their transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcription factors, with specific DNA-binding domains (DBD) and trans -acting functional domains, can combine with specific DNA sequences to activate or inhibit transcription of downstream genes. (biomedcentral.com)

Sp transcription elements like Sp1 Sp3 and Sp4 have an effect on multiple cellular procedures and also have been involved with development numerous kinds of malignancies including pancreatic breasts gastric and thyroid cancers [7]. (colinsbraincancer.com)
BR22, a 26 kDa thyroid transcription factor-1 associated protein (TAP26), is expressed in human lung cells. (nih.gov)
BR22, a novel protein, interacts with thyroid transcription factor-1 and activates the human surfactant protein B promoter. (nih.gov)
Organic dust inhibits surfactant protein expression by reducing thyroid transcription factor-1 levels in human lung epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)

Transcription Factor SP2 Regulates Ski-mediated Astrocyte Proliferation In Vitro. (nih.gov)
Bethke G, Unthan T, Uhrig JF, Poschl Y, Gust AA, Scheel D, Lee J (2009) Flg22 regulates the release of an ethylene response factor substrate from MAP kinase 6 in Arabidopsis thaliana via ethylene signaling. (springer.com)

This gene encodes a member of the Sp subfamily of Sp/XKLF transcription factors. (nih.gov)
Lee H, Guo Y, Ohta M, Xiong L, Stevenson B, Zhu JK (2002) LOS2, a genetic locus required for cold-responsive gene transcription encodes a bi-functional enolase. (springer.com)

WRKY transcription factors, as one of the largest transcription factor families, play important roles in regulation of many plant processes, including drought stress response. (biomedcentral.com)
WRKY transcription factors, one of the ten largest transcription factor families, are characterized by a highly conserved WRKYGQK heptapeptide at the N-terminus and a zinc finger-like motif at the C-terminus [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We also identified over a dozen of genes encoding TFs that are likely under the control of Crz1, suggesting a possible mechanism for amplification of the signal at the transcription level. (figshare.com)
MTM binds preferentially to GC-rich sequences in DNA matching to Sp binding sites [27 28 inhibits appearance of Sp-regulated genes [29 30 and it has anticancer activity. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factor family genes in response to abiotic stress in Nicotiana tabacum L. (biomedcentral.com)
they can combine with the promoter regions of key genes in signaling pathways to regulate their transcription levels and, in turn, plant resistance to stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Using transcription factors to improve the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses is a promising strategy due to the ability of transcription factors to modulate a set of genes through binding to either promoter or enhancer region of a gene [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

TFIIIB-DNA complexes in yeast comprise the TATA-binding protein (TBP), the TFIIB-related factor TFIIIB70, and TFIIIB90. (elsevierpure.com)

MPKs can directly modulate gene expression by the phosphorylation of transcription factors. (springer.com)

In addition, biochemical analysis showed that the CS/CSCPs/β-GP gel can effectively inhibit the elevated expressions of ROS and key proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in photoaging skin tissues and promote expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. (nih.gov)

SRF controls gene transcription of various actin isoforms (e.g. (jneurosci.org)
Thus, herein we provide first evidence that neuronal motility not only depends on cytoplasmic actin dynamics but also on the availability of actin to modulate nuclear functions such as gene transcription. (jneurosci.org)

The B reader of TFIIB is found in the template tunnel and is important in locating the Inr, mutations in the B reader cause the TSS to change and therefore incorrect transcription to occur (although PIC formation and DNA melting still take place). (wikipedia.org)
There is strong evidence that inherited genetic factors (mutations plus single nucleotide polymorphisms) can play a major role in breast cancer susceptibility [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are generated by a combination of DNA mutations, epigenetic events, and tissue microenvironment factors from normal stem cells or precursor/progenitor cells, to which they are closely related and share many of the behaviors and features 1 . (atlasantibodies.com)

The TTF-1/TAP26 complex differentially modulates surfactant protein-B (SP-B) and -C (SP-C) promoters in lung cells. (nih.gov)

We conclude that the increased cAMP stimulation of Pgc-1 alpha expression is regulated by the combinatorial effect of transcription factors acting at the CRE on the proximal Pgc-1 alpha promoter. (elsevierpure.com)
We found that dust extract reduced SP-A and SP-B mRNA and protein levels in H441 human lung epithelial cells by inhibiting their promoter activities, but did not have any effect on SP-D protein levels. (cdc.gov)

Here, we identified a C 2 H 2 -type zinc finger transcription factor from Arabidopsis , ZAT10, as a substrate of MPKs. (springer.com)
Recently, an oxygen sensing pathway was described in Arabidopsis thaliana which involves the migration of an ERF transcription factor (RAP2.12) from the plasma membrane to the nucleus upon hypoxia. (edu.sa)
A hybrid transcription factor comprising a fusion of the DNA-binding domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 and the transcription activation domain of maize Cl was expressed in stably transformed Arabidopsis. (arizona.edu)

It is encoded by the TFIIB gene, and is homologous to archaeal transcription factor B and analogous to bacterial sigma factors. (wikipedia.org)

The mechanism is likely related to the inhibited activation of ROS/nuclear transcription factor-κB signaling and the expression of downstream inflammatory factors. (nih.gov)
Nuclear presence of RAP2.12 may not only depend on relocalization of existing protein, but involves de novo synthesis of the transcription factor as well. (edu.sa)

Furthermore, modification of genetic susceptibility by environmental factors, both endogenous and exogenous, may alter the degree of penetrance. (hindawi.com)
Genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. (sciendo.com)

Woods, YL & Rena, G 2002, ' Effect of multiple phosphorylation events on the transcription factors FKHR, FKHRLI and AFX ', Biochemical Society Transactions , vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 391-397. (dundee.ac.uk)

Here, we found that under stress conditions, the transcription and protein expression of AccCDK7 and AccCDK9 were induced to varying degrees. (bvsalud.org)

Runx2 belongs to the Run family and is an essential upstream transcription factor during osteoblast differentiation. (frontiersin.org)

Due to the potential impact on agricultural production much attention has been focused on abiotic stress factors. (biomedcentral.com)

Synergy: A Web Resource for Exploring Gene Regulation in Synechocystis sp. (plos.org)
RNA-seq based identification and mutant validation of gene targets related to ethanol resistance in cyanobacterial Synechocystis sp. (biomedcentral.com)
To build a foundation necessary to engineer robust ethanol-producing cyanobacterial hosts, in this study we applied a quantitative transcriptomics approach with a next-generation sequencing technology, combined with quantitative reverse-transcript PCR (RT-PCR) analysis, to reveal the global metabolic responses to ethanol in model cyanobacterial Synechocystis sp. (biomedcentral.com)
More recently, a genome-scale metabolic network model of Synechocystis sp. (biomedcentral.com)

Our study implies that down-regulation of SP levels by organic dust could contribute to the development of lung inflammation and respiratory diseases in humans. (cdc.gov)
[ 8 ] Other classification systems categorize the ectodermal dysplasias based on defects in cell-cell communication and signaling, adhesion, transcription regulation, or development. (medscape.com)

Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure has been related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of its neurotoxicity has been associated to an overexpression of the Restrictive Element 1 Silencing Transcription factor (REST). (nih.gov)

These transcription factors likely have important roles in the reprogramming of gene expression that leads to the acute-phase response. (usuhs.edu)

Safe, S & Abdelrahim, M 2005, ' Sp transcription factor family and its role in cancer ', European Journal of Cancer , vol. 41, no. 16, pp. 2438-2448. (houstonmethodist.org)
Objective Increased activity of Sp family of transcription factors is a frequent and essential event in cancer development and progression. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Osterix (OSX) is a transcription factor in the SP family, which is essential for osteoblast differentiation, and its expression is closely related to Runx2 ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)

We sequenced two additional Fusarium species, Fv , a maize pathogen that produces fumonisin mycotoxins that can contaminate grain, and F. oxysporum f.sp. (nature.com)

A worldwide database analysis revealed that younger age, smaller tumor size, early stage, and granulosa cell tumor histologic type appear to be independent prognostic factors for improved survival in patients with malignant sex cord-stromal tumors who undergo lymph node dissection. (medscape.com)

CSCPs are a high-efficacy anti-SP natural active substance and CS/CSCPs/β-GP gel can synergistically enhance the CSCPs' anti-SP effect. (nih.gov)
Sex differences and modifiable dementia risk factors synergistically influence cognition over the adult lifespan. (rotman-baycrest.on.ca)

Regions of chromatin identified by FAIRE-seq as having altered accessibility during differentiation were found to be enriched with sequence-specific binding motifs for transcription factors predicted to be involved in driving basal and differentiated urothelial cell phenotypes, including FOXA1, P63, GRHL2, CTCF and GATA3. (uea.ac.uk)

For instance, OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG are the transcription factors analyzed in most studies. (atlasantibodies.com)

the outbreak in 2018 was described as the Silva SP, et al. (cdc.gov)

Activated calcineurin dephosphorylates the transcription factor (TF) Crz1, which moves to the nucleus and binds to calcineurin/Crz1 responsive gene promoters. (figshare.com)

Transcription factor Sp2 promotes TGFB-mediated interstitial cell osteogenic differentiation in bicuspid aortic valves through a SMAD-dependent pathway. (nih.gov)
Cell differentiation is effected by complex networks of transcription factors that co-ordinate re-organisation of the chromatin landscape. (uea.ac.uk)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) are commonly used to evaluate differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts. (frontiersin.org)

To better understand the role of dietary FA on metabolic diseases, for the first time, a study to identify key transcription factors (TF) involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory response by transcriptome analysis from liver samples of animal models was performed. (nature.com)

It forms a beta sheet and an ordered loop that helps with the stability of the structure when transcription is initiated. (wikipedia.org)

Segaert S, Van Cutsem E. Clinical signs, pathophysiology and management of skin toxicity during therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. (medscape.com)

Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the mechanism of tumorigenesis in breast cancer and further identify key regulatory factors. (researchsquare.com)

The identified transcription factors influence both the global and specific gene expression of the BCLs and have possible implications for diagnosis and treat- ment. (lu.se)
Bolitho, EM , Fletcher, S , Grounds, M & Beilharz, M 1994, Comparative expression of myogenic transcription factors in regenerating skeletal muscles from BALB/c and SJL/J mice . (edu.au)
Activation of CD47 with TSP-1 in wild-type cells inhibits proliferation and reduces expression of stem cell transcription factors. (wikidoc.org)
Knockdown of Chop10 in 3T3-L1 cells using siRNA increased Pgc-1 alpha transcription, whereas siRNA against C/ebp beta in HIB-1B cells decreased Pgc-1 alpha and Ucp1 expression. (elsevierpure.com)
Because information on the effects of organic dust on SP levels is lacking, we studied the effects of dust from a poultry farm on SP expression. (cdc.gov)

Nunes M, Moraes Figueiredo LT. Duplex reverse transcription-PCR followed by nested PCR assays for detection and identification of Brazilian alphaviruses and flaviviruses. (cdc.gov)

R62D-induced phenotypes strongly resemble neurons lacking SRF (Serum Response Factor). (jneurosci.org)

Overexpression of ATF-2 and CHOP10 in 3T3-L1 cells decreased Pgc-1 alpha transcription. (elsevierpure.com)
Dust extract also reduced SP-A and SP-C levels in primary human alveolar epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
Here, we identify a KRAB-ZFP transcription factor, ZNF558, that is expressed in human but not chimpanzee forebrain neural progenitor cells. (lu.se)

Based on biological analysis, miR-20b-5p was hypothesized to be a key factor due to the malignant behavior of BCSCs. (researchsquare.com)

Exposure to organic dust is a risk factor for the development of respiratory diseases. (cdc.gov)
In contrast to cutaneous melanomas, which are etiologically linked to sun exposure, risk factors for mucosal melanomas are unknown. (medscape.com)

MTM-SDK and MTM-SK (Amount 1) were attained by targeted inactivation from the ketoreductase in charge of the last stage of MTM biosynthesis [33 35 In biochemical and mobile assays both ELF3 substances acted AZD8931 as powerful repressors of Sp1-governed transcription [35]. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Photoaging decreases quality of life and increases the risk of skin cancer, underscoring the urgent need to explore natural, high-efficacy, anti-skin photoaging (SP) active substances. (nih.gov)

Here we report the importance of general transcription factor II-I repeat domain-containing protein 1 (GTF2IRD1) in maintaining M cone cell identity and function as well as rod function. (wustl.edu)

Chemicals and Drugs9

Phenomena and Processes6

Information Science2

An SP1-like transcription factor Spr2 acts downstream of Fgf signaling to mediate mesoderm induction. (1/49)

Physical and functional interactions between members of the tumour suppressor p53 and the Sp families of transcription factors: importance for the regulation of genes involved in cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. (2/49)

Nkx3.1 binds and negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of Sp-family members in prostate-derived cells. (3/49)

Functional and biochemical characterization of epithelial bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. (4/49)

Activation of the RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR promoter in the absence of interferon is dependent upon Sp proteins. (5/49)

Sp2 localizes to subnuclear foci associated with the nuclear matrix. (6/49)

Tolfenamic acid and pancreatic cancer growth, angiogenesis, and Sp protein degradation. (7/49)

Sp5l is a mediator of Fgf signals in anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm in zebrafish embryo. (8/49)

Sp Transcription Factors

Sp3 Transcription Factor

Sp4 Transcription Factor

Sp1 Transcription Factor

Promoter Regions, Genetic

Transcription Factors

Transcription, Genetic

DNA-Binding Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Gene Expression Regulation

Base Sequence

Binding Sites

Transcriptional Activation

Trans-Activators

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors

RNA, Messenger

An SP1-like transcription factor Spr2 acts downstream of Fgf signaling to mediate mesoderm induction. (1/49)

Physical and functional interactions between members of the tumour suppressor p53 and the Sp families of transcription factors: importance for the regulation of genes involved in cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. (2/49)

Nkx3.1 binds and negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of Sp-family members in prostate-derived cells. (3/49)

Functional and biochemical characterization of epithelial bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. (4/49)

Activation of the RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR promoter in the absence of interferon is dependent upon Sp proteins. (5/49)

Sp2 localizes to subnuclear foci associated with the nuclear matrix. (6/49)

Tolfenamic acid and pancreatic cancer growth, angiogenesis, and Sp protein degradation. (7/49)

Sp5l is a mediator of Fgf signals in anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm in zebrafish embryo. (8/49)

Transcription factor II B

Transcription factor Sp1

Sp4 transcription factor

Archaeal transcription factor B

Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Sp8 transcription factor

Sp2 transcription factor

TCEA1

HLF (gene)

GntR-like bacterial transcription factors

Sp7 transcription factor

Kruppel-like factors

Transactivation domain

Dopamine transporter

Microbispora corallina

MAFB (gene)

KLF17

Merlin Crossley

KLF11

CRX (gene)

KLF13

Forkhead-associated domain

SMARCB1

TFDP1

OLIG1

RECK

Heat shock response

HSPA4

HSF1

HSPA1A

A Nuclear Actin Function Regulates Neuronal Motility by Serum Response Factor-Dependent Gene Transcription | Journal of...

The Transcriptional Complex Sp1/KMT2A by Up-Regulating Restrictive Element 1 Silencing Transcription Factor Accelerates...

Sp transcription factor family and its role in cancer<...

Transcription factor II B - Wikipedia

Genome-wide recruitment profiling of transcription factor Crz1 in response to high pH stress

SP2 Sp2 transcription factor [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI

Objective Increased activity of Sp family of transcription factors is a - New dimension in therapeutic targeting of BCL-2 family

Synergy: A Web Resource for Exploring Gene Regulation in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 | PLOS ONE

Identification of a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor (ZAT10) from Arabidopsis as a substrate of MAP kinase |...

Effect of dietary soybean oil inclusion on liver-related transcription factors in a pig model for metabolic diseases |...

Germline Mutations and Polymorphisms in the Origins of Cancers in Women

JCI - Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 promotes cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factor family genes in response to abiotic stress...

Evaluation of Transcription Factor 7 like 2 polymorphisms and haplotypes in risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Pathogens | Free Full-Text | Genome-Wide Analyses Revealed Remarkable Heterogeneity in Pathogenicity Determinants,...

Comparative genomics reveals mobile pathogenicity chromosomes in Fusarium | Nature

Transcription Factors

Heterarchy of transcription factors driving basal and luminal cell phenotypes in human urothelium<...

Effect of multiple phosphorylation events on the transcription factors FKHR, FKHRLI and AFX<...

Frontiers | Involvement of MiRNA-211-5p and Arhgap11a Interaction During Osteogenic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells

Preparation of Cod Skin Collagen Peptides/Chitosan-Based Temperature-Sensitive Gel and Its Anti-Photoaging Effect in Skin

Frontiers | Pod Dehiscence in Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)

CCDC59 coiled-coil domain containing 59 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI

Comparative expression of myogenic transcription factors in regenerating skeletal muscles from BALB/c and SJL/J mice<...

Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY1 encodes a PHD-type transcription factor and regulates pollen and tapetum development<...

CD47 - wikidoc