South africa. Medical search

A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Officially the Republic of South Africa since 1960, it was called the Union of South Africa 1910-1960.

All of Africa except Northern Africa (AFRICA, NORTHERN).

The geographical area of Africa comprising ANGOLA; BOTSWANA; LESOTHO; MALAWI; MOZAMBIQUE; NAMIBIA; SOUTH AFRICA; SWAZILAND; ZAMBIA; and ZIMBABWE.

The geographical area of Africa comprising BENIN; BURKINA FASO; COTE D'IVOIRE; GAMBIA; GHANA; GUINEA; GUINEA-BISSAU; LIBERIA; MALI; MAURITANIA; NIGER; NIGERIA; SENEGAL; SIERRA LEONE; and TOGO.

The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI; DJIBOUTI; ETHIOPIA; KENYA; RWANDA; SOMALIA; SUDAN; TANZANIA; and UGANDA.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

The geographical area of Africa comprising CAMEROON; CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC; CHAD; CONGO; EQUATORIAL GUINEA; GABON; and DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO.

The geographical area of Africa comprising ALGERIA; EGYPT; LIBYA; MOROCCO; and TUNISIA. It includes also the vast deserts and oases of the Sahara. It is often referred to as North Africa, French-speaking Africa, or the Maghreb. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p856)

A system of traditional medicine which is based on the beliefs and practices of the African peoples. It includes treatment by medicinal plants and other materia medica as well as by the ministrations of diviners, medicine men, witch doctors, and sorcerers.

The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.

Agents used to treat RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.

The status of health in rural populations.

Tuberculosis resistant to ISONIAZID and RIFAMPIN and at least three of the six main classes of second-line drugs (AMINOGLYCOSIDES; polypeptide agents; FLUOROQUINOLONES; THIOAMIDES; CYCLOSERINE; and PARA-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID) as defined by the CDC.

A state in south central Australia. Its capital is Adelaide. It was probably first visited by F. Thyssen in 1627. Later discoveries in 1802 and 1830 opened up the southern part. It became a British province in 1836 with this self-descriptive name and became a state in 1901. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1135)

The largest of the continents. It was known to the Romans more specifically as what we know today as Asia Minor. The name comes from at least two possible sources: from the Assyrian asu (to rise) or from the Sanskrit usa (dawn), both with reference to its being the land of the rising sun, i.e., eastern as opposed to Europe, to the west. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p82 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p34)

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.

A state in southeastern Australia. Its capital is Sydney. It was discovered by Captain Cook in 1770 and first settled at Botany Bay by marines and convicts in 1788. It was named by Captain Cook who thought its coastline resembled that of South Wales. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p840 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p377)

The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer.

The period of history before 500 of the common era.

Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.

Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively suppress HIV replication. The regimens usually involve administration of three or more different drugs including a protease inhibitor.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

A republic in southern Africa, south of TANZANIA, east of ZAMBIA and ZIMBABWE, bordered on the west by the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Maputo. It was formerly called Portuguese East Africa.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Sexual activities of humans.

Sudden outbreaks of a disease in a country or region not previously recognized in that area, or a rapid increase in the number of new cases of a previous existing endemic disease. Epidemics can also refer to outbreaks of disease in animal or plant populations.

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.

Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.

The process of leaving one's country to establish residence in a foreign country.

An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.

A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

Child who has lost both parents through death or desertion.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.

Excision of the prepuce of the penis (FORESKIN) or part of it.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.

Anogenital ulcers caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis as distinguished from lymphogranuloma inguinale (see LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM) caused by CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Diagnosis is made by demonstration of typical intracellular Donovan bodies in crushed-tissue smears.

The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.

MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

A perceived attribute that is deeply discrediting and is considered to be a violation of social norms.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.

The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

A republic in southern Africa, south of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and TANZANIA, and north of ZIMBABWE. Its capital is Lusaka. It was formerly called Northern Rhodesia.

A republic in southern Africa, east of ZAMBIA and BOTSWANA and west of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Harare. It was formerly called Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia.

Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

The rights of the individual to cultural, social, economic, and educational opportunities as provided by society, e.g., right to work, right to education, and right to social security.

The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or personal loss to self, family, or immediate community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE. It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS, meaning the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care, rather than personal impact on individuals.

The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.

The area of a nation's economy that is tax-supported and under government control.

A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000)

Study subjects in COHORT STUDIES whose outcomes are unknown e.g., because they could not or did not wish to attend follow-up visits.(from Dictionary of Epidemiology, 5th ed.)

Simultaneous infection of a host organism by two or more pathogens. In virology, coinfection commonly refers to simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more different viruses.

Methods of generating, allocating, and using financial resources in healthcare systems.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and west of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala.

A republic in western Africa, south of BURKINA FASO and west of TOGO. Its capital is Accra.

Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.

Married or single individuals who share sexual relations.

Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.

The geographical area of Asia comprising BORNEO; BRUNEI; CAMBODIA; INDONESIA; LAOS; MALAYSIA; the MEKONG VALLEY; MYANMAR (formerly Burma), the PHILIPPINES; SINGAPORE; THAILAND; and VIETNAM.

Health services, public or private, in rural areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.

The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

Unlawful sexual intercourse without consent of the victim.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Aspects of health and disease related to travel.

The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.

A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.

The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

A detailed review and evaluation of selected clinical records by qualified professional personnel to improve the quality of patient care and outcomes. The clinical audit was formally introduced in 1993 into the United Kingdom's National Health Service.

A sheath that is worn over the penis during sexual behavior in order to prevent pregnancy or spread of sexually transmitted disease.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

A republic in southern Africa, south of ANGOLA and west of BOTSWANA. Its capital is Windhoek.

A republic in southern Africa east of ZAMBIA and MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Lilongwe. It was formerly called Nyasaland.

Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).

Persons trained to assist professional health personnel in communicating with residents in the community concerning needs and availability of health services.

The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.

Those facilities which administer health services to individuals who do not require hospitalization or institutionalization.

The geographical designation for the countries of the MIDDLE EAST and the countries BANGLADESH; BHUTAN; INDIA; NEPAL; PAKISTAN; and SRI LANKA. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993 & Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988)

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

The status of health in urban populations.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A republic in western Africa, south of SENEGAL and MALI, east of GUINEA-BISSAU. Its capital is Conakry.

Health insurance coverage for all persons in a state or country, rather than for some subset of the population. It may extend to the unemployed as well as to the employed; to aliens as well as to citizens; for pre-existing conditions as well as for current illnesses; for mental as well as for physical conditions.

Comparative PSYCHOLOGY of different ethnic and cultural groups.

Size and composition of the family.

Hospitals controlled by various types of government, i.e., city, county, district, state or federal.

Any of various ruminant mammals of the order Bovidae. They include numerous species in Africa and the American pronghorn.

The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.

Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive health services provided for individuals in the community.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

Non-native organisms brought into a region, habitat, or ECOSYSTEM by human activity.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA. The capital is Yaounde.

The aggregate of various economic, political, and social policies by which an imperial power maintains or extends its control over other areas or peoples. It includes the practice of or belief in acquiring and retaining colonies. The emphasis is less on its identity as an ideological political system than on its designation in a period of history. (Webster, 3d ed; from Dr. J. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)

Techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties.

A plant genus of the family CYPERACEAE. SESQUITERPENES are found in some of the species.

A specialized agency of the United Nations designed as a coordinating authority on international health work; its aim is to promote the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all peoples.

Voluntary cooperation of the patient in taking drugs or medicine as prescribed. This includes timing, dosage, and frequency.

Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)

A method of data collection and a QUALITATIVE RESEARCH tool in which a small group of individuals are brought together and allowed to interact in a discussion of their opinions about topics, issues, or questions.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A preconceived judgment made without factual basis.

The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.

Undertaking a task involving a challenge for achievement or a desirable goal in which there is a lack of certainty or a fear of failure. It may also include the exhibiting of certain behaviors whose outcomes may present a risk to the individual or to those associated with him or her.

The giving of advice and assistance to individuals with educational or personal problems.

Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.

Programs and activities sponsored or administered by local, state, or national governments.

Areawide planning for health care institutions on the basis of projected consumer need.

Immunologic tests for identification of HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) antibodies. They include assays for HIV SEROPOSITIVITY and HIV SERONEGATIVITY that have been developed for screening persons carrying the viral antibody from patients with overt symptoms of AIDS or AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX.

The application of molecular biology to the answering of epidemiological questions. The examination of patterns of changes in DNA to implicate particular carcinogens and the use of molecular markers to predict which individuals are at highest risk for a disease are common examples.

Male-associated sex-specific social roles and behaviors unrelated to biologic function.

Programs of surveillance designed to prevent the transmission of disease by any means from person to person or from animal to man.

The provision of monetary resources including money or capital and credit; obtaining or furnishing money or capital for a purchase or enterprise and the funds so obtained. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed.)

Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.

Those actions designed to carry out recommendations pertaining to health plans or programs.

An acute infection caused by the RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS, an RNA arthropod-borne virus, affecting domestic animals and humans. In animals, symptoms include HEPATITIS; abortion (ABORTION, VETERINARY); and DEATH. In humans, symptoms range from those of a flu-like disease to hemorrhagic fever, ENCEPHALITIS, or BLINDNESS.

A class of hospitals that includes profit or not-for-profit hospitals that are controlled by a legal entity other than a government agency. (Hospital Administration Terminology, AHA, 2d ed)

The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)

The process whereby a society changes from a rural to an urban way of life. It refers also to the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.

Social process whereby the values, attitudes, or institutions of society, such as education, family, religion, and industry become modified. It includes both the natural process and action programs initiated by members of the community.

Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.

Programs in which participation is not required.

A republic in southern Africa, between NAMIBIA and ZAMBIA. It was formerly called Bechuanaland. Its capital is Gaborone. The Kalahari Desert is in the west and southwest.

Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.

A health care system which combines physicians, hospitals, and other medical services with a health plan to provide the complete spectrum of medical care for its customers. In a fully integrated system, the three key elements - physicians, hospital, and health plan membership - are in balance in terms of matching medical resources with the needs of purchasers and patients. (Coddington et al., Integrated Health Care: Reorganizing the Physician, Hospital and Health Plan Relationship, 1994, p7)

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Men and women working in the provision of health services, whether as individual practitioners or employees of health institutions and programs, whether or not professionally trained, and whether or not subject to public regulation. (From A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)

The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.

A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

An area of water mostly surrounded by land, usually smaller than a gulf, and affording access to the sea.

Individual or group aggressive behavior which is socially non-acceptable, turbulent, and often destructive. It is precipitated by frustrations, hostility, prejudices, etc.

The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.

The study of the teeth of early forms of life through fossil remains.

An act of employing sorcery (the use of power gained from the assistance or control of spirits), especially with malevolent intent, and the exercise of supernatural powers and alleged intercourse with the devil or a familiar. (From Webster, 3d ed)

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The gums and tanning agents obtained from Acacia are called GUM ARABIC. The common name of catechu is more often used for Areca catechu (ARECA).

Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.

A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.

The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.

Groups of persons whose range of options is severely limited, who are frequently subjected to COERCION in their DECISION MAKING, or who may be compromised in their ability to give INFORMED CONSENT.

Medicated dosage forms for topical application in the vagina. A cream is a semisolid emulsion containing suspended or dissolved medication; a foam is a dispersion of a gas in a medicated liquid resulting in a light, frothy mass; a jelly is a colloidal semisolid mass of a water soluble medicated material, usually translucent.

Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)

The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)

Professionals qualified by graduation from an accredited school of nursing and by passage of a national licensing examination to practice nursing. They provide services to patients requiring assistance in recovering or maintaining their physical or mental health.

Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.

The social process by which something or someone comes to be regarded and treated as an article of trade or commerce.

Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.

The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.

Components of a national health care system which administer specific services, e.g., national health insurance.

An oversimplified perception or conception especially of persons, social groups, etc.

The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.

Hospitals located in a rural area.

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

The intergenic DNA segments that are between the ribosomal RNA genes (internal transcribed spacers) and between the tandemly repeated units of rDNA (external transcribed spacers and nontranscribed spacers).

Individual members of South American ethnic groups with historic ancestral origins in Asia.

The area of medicine concerned with the effects on health and disease due to geographic factors such as CLIMATE, environmental conditions, and geographic location.

A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER and between TOGO and NIGERIA. Its capital is Porto-Novo. It was formerly called Dahomey. In the 17th century it was a kingdom in the southern area of Africa. Coastal footholds were established by the French who deposed the ruler by 1892. It was made a French colony in 1894 and gained independence in 1960. Benin comes from the name of the indigenous inhabitants, the Bini, now more closely linked with southern Nigeria (Benin City, a town there). Bini may be related to the Arabic bani, sons. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p136, 310 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p60)

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.

A genus of the family RHABDOVIRIDAE that includes RABIES VIRUS and other rabies-like viruses.

The family of agile, keen-sighted mongooses of Asia and Africa that feed on RODENTS and SNAKES.

The branch of medicine concerned with diseases, mainly of parasitic origin, common in tropical and subtropical regions.

Number of deaths of children between one year of age to 12 years of age in a given population.

The science devoted to the comparative study of man.

Tuberculous meningitis in South African urban adults. (1/3803)

We retrospectively reviewed 56 adults with culture-proven tuberculous meningitis (TBM), investigating clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and outcome. There were 50 patients, aged 18-59 years, 39 with and 11 without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Six were aged 60 years or older. Neurological signs of TBM in 18-59-year-olds were unaffected by HIV serostatus while, compared to those > or = 60 years of age, there were more patients with meningism (86.0% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.011) and fewer with seizures (12.0% vs. 50.0%; p = 0.046). The HIV-infected 18-59-year-olds had significantly more extrameningeal tuberculosis compared to the non-HIV-infected (76.9% vs. 9.1%; p = 0.0001) and 23.1% had 'breakthrough' TBM. CSF analysis revealed 12 patients (21.4%) with acellular fluid (more common in those > or = 60 years of age, p = 0.016), of whom three had completely normal CSF. A neutrophil predominance was found in 22 patients (39.3%). Only three patients (5.4%) had a positive CSF smear for acid-fast bacilli. In-hospital mortality occurred in 39 patients (69.1%), was similar in all study groups, and was not related to neurological stage. The diagnosis of TBM can be masked by lack of meningism in the elderly and by atypical CSF findings. (+info)

Influence of sampling on estimates of clustering and recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived from DNA fingerprinting techniques. (2/3803)

The availability of DNA fingerprinting techniques for Mycobacterium tuberculosis has led to attempts to estimate the extent of recent transmission in populations, using the assumption that groups of tuberculosis patients with identical isolates ("clusters") are likely to reflect recently acquired infections. It is never possible to include all cases of tuberculosis in a given population in a study, and the proportion of isolates found to be clustered will depend on the completeness of the sampling. Using stochastic simulation models based on real and hypothetical populations, the authors demonstrate the influence of incomplete sampling on the estimates of clustering obtained. The results show that as the sampling fraction increases, the proportion of isolates identified as clustered also increases and the variance of the estimated proportion clustered decreases. Cluster size is also important: the underestimation of clustering for any given sampling fraction is greater, and the variability in the results obtained is larger, for populations with small clusters than for those with the same number of individuals arranged in large clusters. A considerable amount of caution should be used in interpreting the results of studies on clustering of M. tuberculosis isolates, particularly when sampling fractions are small. (+info)

Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in white and black patients with diabetes mellitus. (3/3803)

The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) and antibody (anti-HBS) was determined in 531 white and 519 black diabetic outpatients and in appropriate white and black control populations. There was no difference between the prevalence of either HBSAg or anti-HBS in either the white or black diabetics and that in the white and black controls. These findings make it unlikely that the vast majority of patients with diabetes mellitus have either an increased susceptibility to infection by the hepatitis B virus or an impaired ability to clear the virus once they are infected. (+info)

Increased activity of 16-membered lactone ring macrolides against erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae: characterization of South African isolates. (4/3803)

The susceptibility of 40 erythromycin-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes and 40 multiply-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to six macrolide antibiotics, representing 14-, 15- and 16-membered lactone ring structures, was tested. The genetic basis for macrolide resistance in the strains was also determined. Both erm and mef determinants were encountered in the 36 S. pneumoniae isolates tested, but only mef in the five S. pyogenes isolates tested. All isolates showed cross-resistance among the 14-membered macrolides erythromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin and the 15-membered macrolide, azithromycin. However, the erythromycin-resistant S. pyogenes isolates retained full susceptibility to spiramycin and josamycin (16-membered agents). These latter two antibiotics were also more active than the other macrolides against erythromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates, especially josamycin which was 8-64 times more active than erythromycin; spiramycin was only two to eight times more active than erythromycin. (+info)

Unrecognized sexually transmitted infections in rural South African women: a hidden epidemic. (5/3803)

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are of major public health concern in developing countries, not least because they facilitate transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The present article presents estimates of the prevalence, on any given day, of STIs among women in rural South Africa and the proportion who are asymptomatic, symptomatic but not seeking care, and symptomatic and seeking care. The following data sources from Hlabisa district were used: clinical surveillance for STI syndromes treated in health facilities, microbiological studies among women attending antenatal and family planning clinics, and a community survey. Population census provided denominator data. Adequacy of drug treatment was determined through quality of care surveys. Of 55,974 women aged 15-49 years, a total of 13,943 (24.9%) were infected on any given day with at least one of Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or Treponema pallidum. Of the women investigated, 6697 (48%) were asymptomatic, 6994 (50%) were symptomatic but not seeking care, 238 (1.7%) were symptomatic and would seek care, and 14 (0.3%) were seeking care on that day. Only 9 of the 14 women (65%) were adequately treated. STIs remained untreated because either women were asymptomatic or the symptoms were not recognized and acted upon. Improved case management alone is therefore unlikely to have a major public health impact. Improving partner treatment and women's awareness of symptoms is essential, while the potential of mass STI treatment needs to be explored. (+info)

Allelic diversity of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin gene in South Africa: rarity of the vacA s1a genotype and natural occurrence of an s2/m1 allele. (6/3803)

We describe the rarity of Helicobacter pylori strains of vacuolating cytotoxin type s1a (the type most commonly associated with peptic ulceration in the United States) among black and mixed-race South Africans. We also provide the first description of a naturally occurring strain with the vacA allelic structure s2/m1. (+info)

Effect of iron-, iodine-, and beta-carotene-fortified biscuits on the micronutrient status of primary school children: a randomized controlled trial. (7/3803)

BACKGROUND: Deficiencies of iron, iodine, and vitamin A are prevalent worldwide and can affect the mental development and learning ability of schoolchildren. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of micronutrient-fortified biscuits on the micronutrient status of primary school children. DESIGN: Micronutrient status was assessed in 115 children aged 6-11 y before and after consumption of biscuits (fortified with iron, iodine, and beta-carotene) for 43 wk over a 12-mo period and was compared with that in a control group (n = 113) who consumed nonfortified biscuits. Cognitive function, growth, and morbidity were assessed as secondary outcomes. RESULTS: There was a significant between-group treatment effect on serum retinol, serum ferritin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, and urinary iodine (P <0.0001) and in hemoglobin and hematocrit (P <0.05). The prevalence of low serum retinol concentrations (<0.70 micromol/L) decreased from 39.1% to 12.2%, of low serum ferritin concentrations (<20 microg/L) from 27.8% to 13.9%, of anemia (hemoglobin <120 g/L) from 29.6% to 15.6%, and of low urinary iodine concentrations (<100 microg/L) from 97.5% to 5.4%. There was a significant between-group treatment effect (P <0.05) in cognitive function with the digit span forward task (short-term memory). Fewer school days were missed in the intervention than in the control group because of respiratory- (P = 0.097) and diarrhea-related (P = 0.013) illnesses. The intervention had no effect on anthropometric status [corrected]. CONCLUSIONS: Fortified biscuits resulted in a significant improvement in the micronutrient status of primary school children from a poor rural community and also appeared to have a favorable effect on morbidity and cognitive function [corrected]. (+info)

South African public sceptical about new AIDS "cure".(8/3803)

(+info)

... democratic South Africa. Amongst the prominent South African people born and bred in New Brighton include actor and playwright ... result of Argentinian fodder and horses being imported into South Africa by the British military during the South African War. ... South Africa, 1903-1953 (PDF). Retrieved 27 November 2017. "Community histories in Port Elizabeth: Xhosa community". South ... New Brighton is a township in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It forms part of the greater township of Ibhayi and the Nelson ...

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South Africa. January 6, 2015. Archived from the original on January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2015. "Supporters and ... Jeffrey Sachs in Africa, which followed them on a trip to a Millennium Village in western Kenya. By mid-2007, some 6,000 ... D'Zurilla, Christie (January 3, 2011). "Angelina Jolie, Brad Pitt donate $2 million to African wildlife sanctuary". Los Angeles ... Blitzer, Wolf (host) (September 28, 2005). "Angelina Jolie discusses Africa". The Situation Room. CNN. Archived from the ...

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In South Africa, the Efficiency Medal (South Africa) was superseded on 6 April 1952 by the John Chard Medal, which could be ... Use South African English from July 2015, All Wikipedia articles written in South African English, Articles with short ... The South African version of the medal was unique since the inscriptions on the scroll bar and the reverse of the medal were ... On the South African version, the Afrikaans and English inscriptions are "VIR BEKWAME DIENS" and "FOR EFFICIENT SERVICE", each ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficiency_Medal

Use South African English from May 2019, All Wikipedia articles written in South African English, 1993 births, Living people, ... South African Premier Division players, National First Division players, All stub articles, South African soccer midfielder ... South African soccer players, Association football midfielders, People from Kimberley, Northern Cape, Vasco da Gama (South ... South Africa. Retrieved 8 May 2019. "Samuel Julies". MTN Football. Archived from the original on 17 February 2014. v t e ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Julies

South Africa. In Southern African Agriculture and Climate Change: A comprehensive analysis. Chapter 7 pp. 175-212. Washington, ... University of Pretoria South Africa Prof Lindiwe Majele Sibanda is a food systems scientist, policy advocate and trusted key ... "Science Diplomacy Award by the Government of South Africa".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) "Forum for FARA Award for ... Science Diplomacy Award by the Government of South Africa (2015); FARA Award for Exemplary leadership (2014); and Yara 2013 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindiwe_Majele_Sibanda

Use South African English from September 2012, All Wikipedia articles written in South African English, Articles lacking in- ... that President Jacob Zuma was making white South Africans feel unwelcome in the country by saying that all of South Africa's ... South Africa. p. 6. Edward Malnick (18 July 2009). "The other woman behind a great man". Cape Argus. p. 6. v t e (Use dmy dates ... La Grange was born in Pretoria, South Africa. She completed a 3-year National Diploma at the Tshwane University of Technology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelda_La_Grange

"Famine in Africa". Barbican Art Gallery (London), 1985. "Lebanon". Magnum Gallery (Paris), 1985. "South Africa". Fnac (Paris), ... 180 photographs by Steele-Perkins, from 1980 to 1994, of Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania ... Work in South Korea included a contribution to a Hayward Gallery touring exhibition of photographs of contemporary slavery, " ... London: Pluto Press; Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1983; ISBN 0-86104-397-9. Text by Selim Nassib and Caroline Tisdall, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Steele-Perkins

"Take Courage (Radio Version) - Single by Kristene DiMarco on Apple Music". Apple Music (iTunes). South Africa. May 8, 2017. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Courage

South Africa. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013. International Crisis Group, Somalia: The ... Defense Intelligence Agency (November 1987). "Military Intelligence Summary, Vol IV, Part III, Africa South of the Sahara". p. ... Defense Intelligence Agency (November 1987). "Military Intelligence Summary, Vol IV, Part III, Africa South of the Sahara". p. ... Defense Intelligence Agency, 'Military Intelligence Summary, Vol IV, Part III, Africa South of the Sahara', November 1987 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Armed_Forces

"Christmas: The Peace Project by Hillsong Worship on Apple Music". Apple Music (iTunes). South Africa. 20 October 2017. ... South Melbourne, Australia; strings and horns) Oaklands Productions (Nunawading, Australia) The Hub Studio (Sydney, Australia) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Peace_Project_(album)

The squid's known range extends thousands of kilometres north of Antarctica to southern South America, southern South Africa, ... South Africa.[dead link] "World's biggest squid reveals 'beach ball' eyes". www.terradaily.com. Wellington: AFP. 30 April 2008 ... "Very Rare Giant Squid Caught Alive". South Georgia Island. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 2 August 2015 ... while taking a toothfish from a longline off South Georgia Island. Although the mantle was not brought aboard, its length was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossal_squid

South Africa. Q. stuckenbergi Alexander, 1956 "Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (Diptera, Tipuloidea: Pediciidae, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quathlambia

Or travel to the birthplace of my mother... South Africa...") Hay, Carla (13 November 2011). "Ben Barnes opens up about his ... Barnes cites his mother's Jewish South African childhood, his father's scientific education, and his attendance at what he felt ... English people of South African-Jewish descent, English male film actors, English male singers, English male stage actors, ...

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South Africa. Retrieved May 29, 2013. Szalai, Georg (May 28, 2013). "News Corp. Unveils Post-Split Logo Based on Rupert ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Corp

"South Africa". International Lutheran Council. Retrieved March 5, 2018. "Southern Africa". International Lutheran Council. ... "South Africa". Foreign Missions of the Apostolic Lutheran Church of America. Retrieved March 9, 2018. "Sudan". The Lutheran ... "South Africa". Lutheran World Federation. Retrieved February 2, 2018. "The History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in ... "Central Africa - An Overview". LC-MS in Africa. 8 December 2010. Retrieved April 6, 2018. "Cambodian Lutherans plan to re- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lutheran_denominations

South Africa) politicians, Ministers of Home Affairs of South Africa, Members of the House of Assembly (South Africa), 20th- ... South Africa. 28 January 2006. Retrieved 12 October 2012. "Chris Heunis is appointed acting president , South African History ... Jan Christiaan "Chris" Heunis, DMS (20 April 1927 - 27 January 2006) was a South African Afrikaner lawyer, politician, member ... in separate chambers of the South African Parliament. He convinced the leader of the Labour Party, Allan Hendrickse, to agree ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Heunis

South Africa. Walker, Frances (1853). Diptera. Part IV, pp. 253-474, pls. 7-8. In [Saunders, W. W. (ed.)], Insecta Saundersiana ... Diptera of Africa, All stub articles, Tephritinae stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoclanis_dubia

"2016 CAF African Nations Championship Games". CapeTownMagazine.com. South Africa. 16 January 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2014. ... In January 2014, coach Claude Leroy invited Ndey to be a part of the Congo national squad for the 2014 African Nations ... 2014 African Nations Championship players, AC Léopards players, FC Zorya Luhansk players, Ukrainian Premier League players, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Ndey

South African choirs, 2006 establishments in South Africa, Musical groups established in 2006, Eastern Cape). ... Zwai also performed with TKZee at the 2010 World Cup in South Africa. Loyiso Bala was born on the 22nd of September 1979. Some ... South Africa. Retrieved 19 June 2015. "Grammy Awards 2011: Winners and nominees for 53rd Grammy Awards". Letimes.com. 7 March ... In 2015, Loyiso won his first South African Music Awards since 2010, his third SAMA since his first in 1999 when he won the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bala_Brothers

Use South African English from May 2013, All Wikipedia articles written in South African English, Books by Jani Allan, 1983 non ... The book was published by Longstreet publishers in Cape Town and released in South Africa in 1983. The book is a selection of ... South Africa. 11 June 2007.[permanent dead link] Abstracts Weekly Mail. 1992 Allan, Jani (1980s). Face Value. Longstreet. ... Face Value is a 1983 anthology of collected journalism by South African journalist Jani Allan. The book is compiled from ...

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South Africa. Lui, Elaine. "Intro for Sep 04, 2009". Lainey Gossip. Long, Camilla (12 July 2009). "The Worst Date Ever: War ... The Worst Date Ever or How it Took a Comedy Writer to Expose Africa's Secret War is a memoir written by the British comedy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Worst_Date_Ever

South Africa. Retrieved 20 August 2017. Loughran, Jack (24 May 2017). "Nokia 3310 leverages "nostalgia marketing" for "PR stunt ... South Africa. Retrieved 10 February 2019. https://mobilityarena.com/kaios-30-million-phones/#Which_devices_run_KaiOS Warren, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMD_Global

"South Africa , World Animal Protection". api.worldanimalprotection.org. Retrieved 30 October 2019. "Korea , World Animal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_rights_by_country_or_territory

South Africa. Munro, H.K. (1929). "New Trypetidae from South Africa (Dipt.)". Bulletin of Entomological Research. 20: 391-401. ... Diptera of Africa, All stub articles, Trupanea stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trupanea_lignoptera

Olympic fencers of South Africa, South African female épée fencers, All stub articles, African fencing biography stubs, South ... Kelly-Anne Wilson (born 7 February 1975) is a South African fencer. She competed in the women's individual and team épée events ... "Kelly-Anne WILSON - Olympic Fencing , South Africa". International Olympic Committee. 20 June 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2018 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly-Anne_Wilson

South Africa. "Copyright Act, 1978 (Act No. 98 of 1978, as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002)" (PDF). WIPO Lex. ... The copyright law of South Africa does not grant freedom of panorama. An exception is provided at Section 15(3) for artistic ... A freedom of panorama provision is provided at Article 35 of the South Korean copyright law, but is restricted to non- ... was still under the artist's private custody even if free copies were already being distributed to several temples in the south ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_panorama

South Africa successfully built six nuclear weapons in the 1980s, but dismantled all of them in the early 1990s, shortly before ... "South Africa". Nuclear Threat Initiative. November 2011. Archived from the original on September 28, 2012. Retrieved February 8 ... Robert (August 23, 2008). "Nuclear Stockpiles: South Africa, India, Pakistan, and North Korea, warheads and megatonnage, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_nuclear_weapons_stockpiles_and_nuclear_tests_by_country

South Africa. 5 March 2012. Ahmad, Reaz (13 March 2006). "Grameen teams up with Groupe Danone to set up food plant". The Daily ... Retrieved 17 July 2007.[dead link] "Danone and Wahaha vie for the last laugh". South China Morning Post. Hong Kong. 11 June ... Since 2013, Danone has grown on the African continent, notably with the acquisition of a controlling interest in Centrale ... "Danone buys Kenyan dairy firm stake to add African markets". Reuters. 18 July 2014. "Addressing malnutrition and access to safe ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danone

"South Africa". Retrieved 30 March 2020. "Ecuador Oceans". Retrieved 10 April 2020. "Borneo". Retrieved 13 April 2020. "Shark ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Deadly_60_episodes

In 2022, Moroccan club RS Berkane won the cup for the second time, beating South African club Orlando Pirates in the final on ... "African Club Competitions 2004". www.rsssf.org. Retrieved 27 October 2022.. *^ "African Club Competitions 2005". www.rsssf.org ... "African Club Competitions 2006". www.rsssf.org. Retrieved 27 October 2022.. *^ "African Club Competitions 2007". www.rsssf.org ... "African Club Competitions 2008". www.rsssf.org. Retrieved 27 October 2022.. *^ "African Club Competitions 2009". www.rsssf.org ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAF_Confederation_Cup

... in South Africa.[5] While many states do not recruit women for ground close combat roles (i.e. roles which would require them ... Central African Republic, Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Iraq, Mali, Myanmar, Nigeria, Philippines, Somalia, South ... "the military disproportionately attracted African American men, men from lower-status socioeconomic backgrounds, men who had ...

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"South Africa"। International Olympic Committee।. *. "Results and Medalists" [ফলাফল ও পদক তালিকা]। Olympic.org (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। ... "South Africa"। Sports-Reference.com। ৩১ জুলাই ২০০৮ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৩ জুলাই ২০১৬।. ...

https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/অলিম্পিকে_দক্ষিণ_আফ্রিকা

Power, Paul F. (1969). "Gandhi in South Africa". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 7 (3): 441-55. JSTOR 159062. doi: ... New History of South Africa (1st ed.). Tafelberg. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-624-04359-1.. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list ( ... In different South African towns (Pretoria, Cape Town, Bloemfontein, Johannesburg, and the Natal cities of Durban and Verulam ...

https://pa.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ਮਹਾਤਮਾ_ਗਾਂਧੀ

The Central African Republic is also infrequently cryed as Central Africa. *↑ Commonly known as Cheenae, the area under the ... See Regions and territories: South Ossetia (14 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006. ... a b South Ossetia is a de facto unthirlt kintra inower the de jure territory o Georgie, diplomatically cryed bi nae UN member ... See also Abkhazia and South Ossetia. *↑ Ireland is often cryed as the Republic o Ireland as the official "description" o the ...

https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kintras_o_the_warld

New York State Route 80 is a north-south highway in the town. A short part of US Route 20 crosses the northeastern corner of ... African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.62% Asian, 0.16% from other races, and 1.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or ... Williams Grove - A lakeshore hamlet south of Rice Grove.. References[edit]. .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin- ... Case - A location in the northeastern part of Otisco, south of Maple Grove. ...

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LA CASTE EN AFRIQUE? (Caste in Africa?). Africa. October 1977, 47 (4): 398-412 [2017-09-19]. JSTOR 1158345. doi:10.2307/1158345 ... "Early Evidence for Caste in South India", p. 467-492 in Dimensions of Social Life: Essays in honor of David G. Mandelbaum, ... Further considerations of caste in West Africa: The Senufo. Africa. January 1980, 50: 37-54. JSTOR 1158641. doi:10.2307/1158641 ... The Development of Caste Systems in West Africa. The Journal of African History. 1991, 32 (2): 221-250. doi:10.1017/ ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/种姓制度

Historic South. *Lower Coastal Plain. *Metro Atlanta. *North Georgia. *North Georgia Mountains ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_County,_Georgia

The western portion of the lake is deepest, with a large basin deeper than 400 m (1,300 ft) lying northeast of Tatvan and south ... "Journal of African Earth Sciences, 129: 165-178, Bibcode:2017JAfES.129..165T, doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.01.002. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Van

45.5% South Asian * 1.6% African * 1% European * 1.2% Other ආගම Islam. ජාති නාම(ය). Bahraini. ...

https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/බහරේන්

South San Gabriel, Iron & Wine, David Gray, Ray LaMontagne, Meg Hutchinson, Darden Smith, Josh Rouse, Steve Millar, Jolie ... Griot, West African songwriting tradition. ReferencesEdit. .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer-songwriter

... because there is nothing south of the South Pole (ang.).. *↑ John Preskill: On the hunt for the Higgs boson. John Preskill, ... W maju 2008 została odsłonięta statua Stephena Hawkinga w African Institute for Mathematical Sciences w Kapsztadzie. ... The universe would start as a point at the South Pole. As one moves north, the circles of constant latitude, representing the ... was like the south pole of the Earth, with degrees of latitude, playing the role of time. ...

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking

Route 59 goes north-south along North 2nd Street, Iowa Street, and 6th Street. U.S. Route 40 is about two miles south of ... In 2020, there were 94,934 people living in Lawrence.[136][137] 79.8% of the people were White, 4.9% were African American, 2.7 ... To the south are the Osage Plains.[109][110] The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of 34.26 ... South Park is a big park in Downtown Lawrence. The park was made of four different parks, but they became just one big park.[ ...

https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence,_Kansas

Africa. *Americas *North. *South. *Antarctica. *Asia. *Europe. *Oceania. *(Global telecommunications regulation bodies) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray_and_Alexander_Bell_telephone_controversy

Middle Jurassic Africa‎ (1 C, 7 P). *. Middle Jurassic Asia‎ (2 C, 1 P) ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Middle_Jurassic

Interstate 35 runs north-south; and Highway 48 (Fire Monument Road) runs east-west. Pine County 61 passes through downtown ... African American, 10.3% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino ... African American, 5.81% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 1.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinckley,_Minnesota

Djibouti is near to the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Awdal of ... in Africa (light blue & dark grey). - in the African Union (light blue) ... Djibouti (officially called the Republic of Djibouti) is a country on the eastern coast of Africa. The capital city is also ... Djibouti joined the United Nations on September 20, 1977.[6][7] It is also a member of the Arab League, as well as the African ...

https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti

Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon (1968-1982). *Gift (1968). *Yom Kippur War (1973) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain–Israel_normalization_agreement

South America. *Lavradeiros in northern Brazil[10]. *Small wild horses are established in the páramos of the Sierra Nevada de ... Africa. *Kundudo horse, in the Kundudo region, Ethiopia; threatened with extinction. *Namib desert horse in Namibia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_horse

... and the many important news stories that he anchored included the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, President Barack Obama's trip ... In 2006 Dumor joined the BBC African Service in London[8] as host of the radio programme Network Africa. From 2008 to 2012 he ... "2014: African Achievers get Presidential Honours". African Achievers Awards. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2015.. ... "Telling the African Story - Komla Dumor", TEDxEuston, 1 March 2013.. *Josef-Israel, "Tribute to an African giant - Komla Dumor" ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komla_Dumor

South African Grand Prix January 1 Prince George Jim Clark Lotus-Climax Report ... South Africa References[change , change source]. .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type: ... South Africa - Doug Serrurier South Africa - Neville Lederle South Africa - Brausch Niemann South Africa ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_Formula_One_season

South African Broadcasting Corporation. SABC. Algeria. Entreprise nationale de Télévision. المـؤسـسـة العمومية للتـلـفزيـون. ...

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South Africa The Girl Named Feriha eBella 2019 Sri Lanka රූමා /Rooma Hiru TV 2021 ...

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Metallyticidae: South-East Asia. *Photinaidae: Neotropical. *Stenophyllidae: Neotropical. *Tarachodidae: Africa, Madagascar & ... Galinthiadidae: Sub-Saharan Africa. *Hymenopodidae: Africa, India, China, Indo-China, Borneo, PNG (now includes the Sibyllidae) ... Toxoderidae: Africa and Asia. জীববিজ্ঞান[সম্পাদনা]. শারীরতত্ত্ব[সম্পাদনা]. ম্যান্টিসদের অনেক লম্বা, ত্রিকোণাকার মাথা রয়েছে এবং ... Amorphoscelididae: Africa, Arabia, India through to New Guinea (PNG), Australia and Oceania ...

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What is early childhood development, why is it important, and how can you study a ECD course and start your career in this field? Read on in this infographic,…

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Topics: Climate Change Democracy Ecology Marxist Ecology Movements Places: Africa Global South Africa ... South Africa Suffers Capitalist Crisis Déjà Vu. by Patrick Bond. (Jan 01, 2019) Topics: Democracy Movements Political Economy ... South Africas Resource Curses and Growing Social Resistance. by Patrick Bond. (Apr 01, 2014) Topics: History Labor Places: ... The South African Pandemic of Racial Capitalism. by Madalitso Zililo Phiri. (Oct 01, 2021) Topics: Health Imperialism ...

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Additionally, CDC provides technical assistance to South Africa's National TB Control Program and works to address the challenges of multidrug-resistant TB and TB/HIV co-infection in the country. (cdc.gov)
This sense of history runs deep among South Africa's Indian communities. (cnn.com)
Gandhi would end up spending 21 years in South Africa, working to give South Africa's Indian communities a political voice. (cnn.com)
An intricate display -- including 13 head postures and 36 eye movements -- contrasts radically with South Africa's indigenous Zulu dance forms. (cnn.com)
And South Africa's processing of asylum seekers and refugees is dysfunctional. (npr.org)
What about South Africa's political establishment and responsible public figures? (npr.org)
Afrikaans is a Dutch-based language developed by the country's white settlers and is associated with South Africa's apartheid regime of white minority rule that ended in 1994. (necn.com)
South Africa's COVID-19 pandemic is one of racial capitalism, entangled with histories of imperial state formation, settler colonialism, and a hierarchical, global-neoliberal public policy architecture. (monthlyreview.org)
From the vantage point of her activism in the United States, and from her travels in Africa, Urdang tracked and wrote about the slow, inexorable demise of apartheid that led to South Africa's first democratic elections, when she could finally return home. (monthlyreview.org)
The African National Congress (ANC), led during the 1990s by the late Nelson Mandela, is projected to be reelected in South Africa's May 7, 2014 national election by a wide margin, probably with between 50 and 60 percent of the vote. (monthlyreview.org)
As we have seen from the defiant line laid down last week by South Africa's President P. W. Botha, the refusal of Nelson Mandela to disavow violence, and the weekend depression of Bishop Desmond M. Tutu, who seemed to come close to accepting the inevitability of violence, dialogue will not be easy. (csmonitor.com)
President Botha is wrong about a lot of things, yet he is right when he says South Africa's problems will have to be solved by South Africans. (csmonitor.com)
South Africa's political crisis appears to be coming to a head. (newsweek.com)
First, South Africa's public protector is probing the relationship between President Jacob Zuma and the Guptas, a wealthy family alleged to have wielded political influence over the president. (newsweek.com)
As South Africa's political establishment begins to crack-leading colleagues of Zuma have already begun backing Gordhan rather than the president-and columnists describe Africa's most industrialized economy as being "on the edge of a failed state," Newsweek explains the roles of the key players in the crisis. (newsweek.com)
Pretoria is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa. (yahoo.com)
South Africa's cities provide a wealth of things to see and do. (southafrica.net)
Birthed in South Africa's Black townships in the country's Gauteng province, the Amapiano music movement borrows from the musical ancestry of the communities in which it was conceived. (billboard.com)
JOHANNESBURG--South Africa's companies regulator said Wednesday that it has lodged criminal complaints against McKinsey & Co., SAP SE SAP, +0.02% and KPMG, the latest sign that local authorities are pursuing charges against Western companies amid rising political tensions. (marketwatch.com)
The CIPC said its complaint against KPMG related to a report the company had prepared for South Africa's revenue service that suggested wrongdoing by the country's former finance minister, a prominent Gupta critic. (marketwatch.com)
With beer sales on ice, South Africa's main breweries sharply reduced their production. (economist.com)
Perhaps, though, some good may yet emerge from South Africa's forced diet of dry bread. (economist.com)
CAPE TOWN (Reuters) - South Africa's great white sharks could die out due to human interference, ocean pollution and a limited gene pool, a new study released on Wednesday showed. (reuters.com)
South Africa's white sharks faced a rapid decline in the last generation and their numbers might already be too low to ensure their survival," said Sara Andreotti, research leader and marine biologist at the University of Stellenbosch. (reuters.com)
Thousands of tourists travel to South Africa's Western Cape each year to catch a glimpse of the ocean's top predator from underwater cages, but human interaction has made the largest contribution to declining local shark numbers. (reuters.com)
We at the CDC-South Africa office are proud to be associated with the recent release of South Africa's first national guidelines on counseling and testing children for HIV. (cdc.gov)
In terms of South Africa's overall mine production fall, gold is by far the most significant contributor, with coal and iron ore in particular bringing some resilience to the country's overall output picture. (bullionvault.com)
South Africa's only endemic parrot is a charismatic 'jewel of the forest' that acts as a flagship species for its threatened habitat, mist-belt forest. (birdlife.org.za)
BY EABW REPORTER JOHANNESBURG, South Africa-Africa's hotel sector has the potential for further growth over the next five years, this is according to PwC's eighth edition of the Hotels outlook: 2018-2022 report. (busiweek.com)
BY EABW REPORTER JOHANNESBURG, South Africa-Brand Africa in association with the JSE, today announced the Top 100 best brands in Africa on their 6th annual Brand Africa 100: Africa's Best Brands at the JSE in Johannesburg. (busiweek.com)
The meeting reaffirmed the value of our longstanding partnership, and underscored South Africa's influential voice in global affairs. (whitehouse.gov)
In this interdisciplinary program, lectures and discussions in the Social and Political Transformation seminar aim to provide students with a solid grasp of the historical background of South Africa's apartheid system, contemporary developments leading to the dismantling of that system, the visions for post-apartheid South Africa, the political, economic and social structure of the future South Africa, and an anthropological and cultural look at South African society. (studyabroad.com)
The program is based in South Africa's third-largest city, the bustling and historic city of Durban. (studyabroad.com)
JOHANNESBURG (AP) - South Africa's parliament voted against starting impeachment proceedings against President Cyril Ramaphosa over a report that says he held undeclared foreign currency at his farm in 2020. (bigcountryhomepage.com)
South Africa's president, Cyril Ramaphosa, avoided impeachment today. (wuwf.org)
SUMMERS: So taking a step back here and thinking about this big-picture, what do these recent events tell you about the strength of South Africa's democracy? (wuwf.org)
These data summarize vaccine introduction status in South Africa's in the national immunization programme. (who.int)
This is in part due to South Africa's history. (medscape.com)
And while some experts lobbying for more scrutiny of traditional medicine noted that South Africa's drug regulators have been historically antagonistic to the idea, the unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic may well be helping to change all that. (medscape.com)

South African President Cyril Ramaphosa held his final election rally of the African National Congress on Sunday at Ellis Park stadium in Johannesburg. (washingtontimes.com)
NBA staff, players and their families members, pose for a group photograph after helping out in building houses in Lenasia South of Johannesburg, South Africa, Thursday, Aug. 3, 2017. (washingtontimes.com)
Rondae Hollis-Jefferson of Brooklyn Nets, left, and Kemba Walker of Charlotte Hornets pose for a photograph with a local volunteer whilst helping in building a house in Lenasia, south of Johannesburg, South Africa, Thursday, Aug. 3, 2017. (washingtontimes.com)
Johannesburg, South Africa) from America ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
That's what social justice is all about," says Himla Soodyall, a geneticist at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, who co-authored a 2012 paper 3 analysing the genomes of San individuals . (nature.com)
It has been active in the Republic of South Africa since 1994, and from the early 2000s onwards also with its representative office in Johannesburg. (deginvest.de)
The city of Johannesburg is considered the financial centre and gateway to Southern Africa. (deginvest.de)
In September, illegal miners opened fire with machine guns on the guards of a mine in Carletonville, south of Johannesburg. (worldcrunch.com)
On Thursday South African Airways resumed flights from Johannesburg to Cape Town, with a three-times-daily service between the two cities. (businesstraveller.com)
She has taught Creative Writing at Wits University in Johannesburg and is currently working on ZAPP (South African Poetry Project), a collaboration between Cambridge University, Wits University and University of South Africa to enrich and encourage the teaching of poetry in schools in South Africa, and revise and expand the canon of great South African poetry. (ascleiden.nl)
In June, Artemisia afra was in high demand on the streets of Johannesburg in South Africa. (medscape.com)

Residents watch containers that fell over at a container storage facility following heavy rains and winds in Durban, South Africa, April 12, 2022. (go.com)
Heavy rain, thunder and lightning have battered South Korea's central area since Aug. 8 2022, damaging thousands of buildings and roads, and killing nine people, according to the Korea Meteorological Administration. (go.com)

In 1989, CDC began working with non-governmental and community-based organizations in the Republic of South Africa to address the HIV epidemic. (cdc.gov)

Available at https://www.who.int/csr/don/19-september-2019-ebola-drc/en/ . (medscape.com)

In Fiscal Year (FY) 2017, CDC South Africa supported a total of 229,131 safe, male circumcisions - well over half of the male circumcisions performed in South Africa during the same period. (cdc.gov)
CDC South Africa supported prevention activities reached 169,424 people classified as KPs in FY 2017. (cdc.gov)
In the districts supported by CDC South Africa implementing partners in FY 2017, 96% of TB patients were tested for HIV, of whom 63% were HIV co-infected. (cdc.gov)
As of 2017, an estimated 85% of people living with HIV in South Africa knew their status, of whom 71% were receiving ART. (cdc.gov)
Business tycoon Cyril Ramaphosa, who, according to Forbes , was worth more than $450 million in 2015, has been the president of the ruling African National Congress since December 2017. (monthlyreview.org)
Ernie Els, of South Africa, walks on the 18th hole during the third round of the U.S. Open golf tournament Saturday, June 17, 2017, at Erin Hills in Erin, Wis. (washingtontimes.com)
Louis Oosthuizen, of South Africa, chips to the ninth hole during the second round of the U.S. Open golf tournament Friday, June 16, 2017, at Erin Hills in Erin, Wis. (washingtontimes.com)
Ernie Els, of South Africa, hits from the 18th fairway during the first round of the U.S. Open golf tournament Thursday, June 15, 2017, at Erin Hills in Erin, Wis. (washingtontimes.com)
In this photo taken Wednesday, June 7, 2017, a fire burns in the Kranshoek area in South Africa. (washingtontimes.com)

Zama-zamas search for gold in a disused mine shaft in Roodepoort, South Africa. (worldcrunch.com)

European colonisation of southern Africa began on Tuesday, 6 April 1652 when the Dutch East India Company established a settlement called the Cape Colony on Table Bay , near present-day Cape Town , and continued to expand into the hinterland through the 17th and 18th centuries. (wikipedia.org)
The first-ever recorded cricket match in South Africa took place in 1808, in Cape Town between two service teams for a prize of one thousand rix-dollars. (wikipedia.org)
In January 2018, after a historic 3 year drought, Cape Town officials announced that the South African capital was just 90 days from "Day Zero," at which point it would run out of water. (necn.com)
Stephanie J. Urdang was born in Cape Town, South Africa, into a white, Jewish family staunchly opposed to the apartheid regime. (monthlyreview.org)
South African President Jacob Zuma gestures during his question and answer session in Parliament, Cape Town, September 13. (newsweek.com)
There are 350-520 great white sharks left off the South African coast, 50 percent fewer than previously thought, according to a six year study carried out mainly in Gansbaai, a shark hotspot 160 kilometers from Cape Town. (reuters.com)
Cape Town, South Africa-Over the last few weeks, the air connectivity between the Cape and the rest of Africa has been increased significantly. (busiweek.com)
The Actuarial Society of South Africa (ASSA), in collaboration with the Africa and the IAA Subcommittees of the IAA's Advice and Assistance Committee, hosted the 4th African Actuarial Congress in Cape Town to support the development of the actuarial profession on the African continent. (actuaries.org)

There is also hot discussion as to whether the Reagan administration's policy of ``constructive engagement'' has been any more effective than that of any previous administration in nudging South Africa away from apartheid. (csmonitor.com)
The language was used by the South African government during Apartheid. (worldatlas.com)
Since the end of apartheid in 1994, it has been regarded globally as a proponent of human rights and a leader on the African continent. (freedomhouse.org)
But not to the millions of South Africans who, quite inexplicably, like the salty sludge and are struggling to cope with the worst Marmite shortage since the end of apartheid. (economist.com)
Through coursework and community engagement, students discover the significant role that Durban, the program's base, has played in South African history, particularly its role in apartheid. (studyabroad.com)
In her previous play Original Skin de Villiers explored the complexities of being an undercover black in apartheid South Africa. (ascleiden.nl)
Born in South Africa and given up for adoption in 1966, de Villiers experienced the first half of her life as a mixed race child growing up under apartheid in South Africa. (ascleiden.nl)
From the experience of a trip to South Africa in mid-January 2018, this paper thinks apartheid - a regime derived from nazism and fascism - as one of the representatives of the drive to hate. (bvsalud.org)

The unmistakable gestations of Indian dance were self-evident on the streets of downtown Durban last month, as hundreds of South Africans of all origins and backgrounds gathered together to celebrate 68 years of Indian independence from British colonial rule. (cnn.com)
Covid has been a game changer for traditional medicine," said Nceba Gqaleni , a traditional medicines specialist at the Africa Health Research Institute in Durban, adding that the Covid-19 treatments haven't faced some of the same controversies as past traditional medicines - especially therapies for HIV/AIDS. (medscape.com)

The milestone pin badges are a fun and patriotic way for you to celebrate your listing milestones and also to support BirdLife South Africa. (birdlife.org.za)
LAB, co-hosted by BirdLife South Africa and the FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology, aims to give ornithologists and bird enthusiasts an opportunity to share and learn about birds and their conservation across southern Africa. (birdlife.org.za)
With numbers plummeting and food hard to find, African Penguins face a bleak future - but BirdLife South Africa has a plan to ensure they thrive again. (birdlife.org)
Last year, there were fewer than 13 000 pairs in South Africa", highlights Dr Alistair McInnes, Seabird Conservation Programme Manager at BirdLife South Africa (BirdLife Partner). (birdlife.org)
To counter this situation, BirdLife South Africa is investigating options of creating new penguin colonies on a stretch of the south coast of South Africa that has no offshore islands but high fish abundance. (birdlife.org)
To prevent this from recurring, BirdLife South Africa has installed a predator-proof fence -designed in conjunction with a wildlife fence expert- along the perimeter of the site. (birdlife.org)
Consequently, BirdLife South Africa is using decoys and playing penguin calls to attract birds from sea. (birdlife.org)

1967)‎. Contributions of South Africa. (who.int)

South African President Jacob Zuma addresses the nation and press at the government's Union Buildings in Pretoria, South Africa, Wednesday, Feb. 14, 2018. (washingtontimes.com)
Former South African Public Protector Thuli Madonsela waves as she arrives at a press briefing, Pretoria, October 14. (newsweek.com)
South African Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan gives a press conference, Pretoria, December 14, 2015. (newsweek.com)
Pretoria is one of three South African capital cities, and the townships at its margins have a unique musical history and style. (billboard.com)
PRETORIA, South Africa (JTA) - The South African Trade Ministry in new regulations requiring the labeling of imported goods from West Bank settlements will soften the language used on the labels. (jta.org)
The Israeli Embassy in Pretoria conveyed its objection to the South African Foreign Ministry, qualifying the decision as "singling out Israel. (jta.org)

According to a 2018 study African Penguins would be extinct from the west coast of South Africa by 2035 if current patterns are maintained. (birdlife.org)

Thanks to the long interplay of Africa, India and Arabia, this coast feels wildly different from the rest of Kenya. (lonelyplanet.com)
Off the south coast of Wasini, this gorgeous marine park, which also incorporates the Mpunguti Marine National Reserve and the two tiny Penguti islands, is one of the best in Kenya. (lonelyplanet.com)
South Africa is overtaken by Nigeria, which was ranked number 20 at 3,187,316 Heads and is followed by Kenya at 3,080,832 Heads. (nationmaster.com)

Then in October 2006, Neel Gandhi and colleagues published a report in The Lancet on an outbreak in Tugela Ferry in South Africa, where they found 53 patients with XDR TB, 52 of whom died a median of 16 days from diagnosis. (cdc.gov)

The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the extreme inequality in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries and pushed millions into poverty, reveals a new analysis from Oxfam, Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) and Development Finance International (DFI). (oxfam.org)
Shoppers first noted shortages at the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic, when South Africa banned alcohol sales in an attempt to free up beds in hospitals that would otherwise be filled with tipsy drivers or drunken brawlers. (economist.com)
Through the course of the pandemic, South Africa imposed four separate alcohol bans, each one of which dealt a blow to Marmite production. (economist.com)

While the methodology is transferable, the content is specific to South Africa. (freedomhouse.org)

Read the country information page for additional information on travel to South Africa. (state.gov)
Review the Country Security Report for South Africa. (state.gov)
For us in South Africa, we have a kind of responsibility not to extol the virtues of Gandhi, but to find out whether we can use those values to transform our country," says Ramgobin. (cnn.com)
Oxfam in Ethiopia's Country Director Gezahegn Gebrehana said: "Oxfam welcomes today's announcement from South Africa that the Federal Government of Ethiopia and the TPLF have agreed to a cessation of hostilities during African Union mediated peace talks. (oxfam.org)
in the 1980's, she returned repeatedly to Mozambique and saw how South Africa was fomenting a civil war aimed to destroy the newly independent country. (monthlyreview.org)
The fast-reviving South African left is urgently coming to grips with the most acute national crises of structure and agency the country has experienced since the historic freeing of Nelson Mandela in February 1990 and the shift of the entire body politic in favor of the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party (SACP). (monthlyreview.org)
South African Sign Language is also understood across the country especially when interpreters decode the message. (worldatlas.com)
South Africa is a gloriously diverse country exemplified through its arts and culture. (southafrica.net)
Once we get this, we think South Africa can be the best in the world in terms of cancer reporting, which is significant particularly because it's been reported that my country will see a 78 percent increase in cancer by 2030. (ibm.com)
The South Sudan country health profiles provide an overview of the situation and trends of priority health problems and the health systems profile, including a description of institutional frameworks, trends in the national response, key issues and challenges. (who.int)
Explore the dynamic socioeconomic, political, and cultural processes of South Africa, an extraordinarily diverse country in transition. (studyabroad.com)
On 29 June 2020, President Salva Kiir of South Sudan took to state television to declare the appointment of eight governors to eight states around the country. (lse.ac.uk)
South Sudanese and international observers have become accustomed to such far-reaching presidential decrees, for instance when he respectively increased and reduced the number of states in the country, or earlier sacked governors unexpectedly. (lse.ac.uk)
one to upgrade the representation of the World Health Organization in South Sudan so that we have a full representation and two, to take over the country from the WHO's Eastern Mediterranean Region to the WHO Regional Office for African region" said Dr Luis Sambo. (who.int)
As Regional Director for Africa it was a great pleasure to visit the highest authority of this country, I thank the President, the government and the people of South Sudan for the visit" Said Dr Luis Sambo. (who.int)
The RD said since the country attained independence in July 2011, the World Health Organization will now open a full WHO representation in South Sudan, this follows a choice made by the government to move from Eastern Mediterranean Office to the WHO Regional Office for African. (who.int)
The WHO Regional Director for Africa and other technical staff from the two Regional Offices, will meet health staff, interact them in order to orient themselves with the health state and situation in the country. (who.int)
Dr Lul, the DG of International Health and Coordination thanked the RD for taking time to visit South Sudan saying South Sudan needs the technical support and cooperation of WHO in order to improve health indicators in the country. (who.int)
In May 2012 South Sudan became the 93rd country to join the WHO member states and in September 2012, became the 47th African country to join the WHO African Region from the Eastern Mediterranean Office. (who.int)
Despite South Africa having a large number of practicing traditional healers and millions of mostly Black South Africans who use their medicines, traditional health care practices stand well outside of mainstream health care in the country. (medscape.com)
It will promote African publishing by encouraging writers to publish in their country or regional journals. (who.int)

The National Department of Health (NDoH) and PEPFAR South Africa developed a Treatment and Retention Acceleration Plan, aiming to put an additional two million people on ART by December 2020. (cdc.gov)
South African Airways has resumed operations for the first time since September 2020. (businesstraveller.com)

In contrast, the more numerous unskilled Black migrants from throughout Southern Africa , especially from present-day Mozambique , earned low pay (at century's end about one-ninth the wage of white miners). (britannica.com)
Migrants in South Africa are asking the U.N. for help. (npr.org)
For weeks, migrants have camped out in front of U.N. refugee offices asking for help to get out of South Africa. (npr.org)
Attracted by soaring gold prices between 2003 and 2011, migrants coming from Zimbabwe , Mozambique , and Lesotho rushed to the 6,000 unused mine shafts in South Africa. (worldcrunch.com)
The European Swift Apus apus is a seasonal visitor and de Villiers uses metaphors rooted in the state's management of natural resources to reflect on the condition of migrants to South Africa. (ascleiden.nl)

Why would a San council in South Africa know what we are doing in northern Namibia? (nature.com)
Such is the case of the African Penguin Spheniscus demersus , also known as the Cape penguin, only found on the south-western tip of Africa in South Africa and Namibia. (birdlife.org)

Explore the past and present of the Indian South Africans, a community that has become a major part of Durban's cultural landscape. (cnn.com)

Afrikaans and English are the most popular foreign languages spoken in South Africa. (worldatlas.com)
Afrikaans is the third most popular language in South Africa. (worldatlas.com)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) South Africa began its collaboration with South African non-governmental and community-based organizations in 1989 to address the country's growing HIV issues. (cdc.gov)

The ban remained in place until 1991, after which South Africa played against India , Pakistan , Sri Lanka and the West Indies for the first time. (wikipedia.org)
Today, the place is a testament to multiculturalism, and a symbol of how the cultures of South Africa and India are indelibly linked. (cnn.com)

Please visit the Embassy's COVID-19 page for more information on entry/exit requirements related to COVID-19 in South Africa. (state.gov)
More doses of Covid-19 vaccines have been delivered to the EU, the UK and the United States in the six-week run up to Christmas than African countries have received all year, new analysis from the People's Vaccine Alliance reveals today. (oxfam.org)
With deaths rising as South Africa battled its first Covid-19 wave, people have turned to A. afra and other traditional medicines, including cannabis. (medscape.com)
As with most traditional medicine in South Africa - a broad category that relies on a variety of herbs, rather than the refined molecules of Western drugs - there is no robust, peer-reviewed evidence that A. afra has any utility against any ailment, including Covid-19. (medscape.com)
Still, the WHO and the Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with the Developing Countries Clinical Trial Partnership (EDCTP), have developed guidelines to evaluate the medicines' safety and efficacy against Covid-19. (medscape.com)
The COVID ALERT SA app gives you the power to slow the spread of COVID-19 in South Africa and to keep yourself, your loved ones and everyone else safe. (who.int)
This study aimed to determine the incidence of AKI among COVID-19 patients who died in a regional hospital in South Africa . (bvsalud.org)

South Africa helped pioneer great white shark conservation and in 1991 became the first in the world to declare the predator a protected species, with other countries including the U.S. and Australia following suit. (reuters.com)

The South African political class appears to have finally recognized the depth of the crisis into which the country's capitalist system has sunk. (monthlyreview.org)
Zuma appointed Gordhan as finance minister in December 2015 in the wake of a fiasco that sent the South African rand plummeting and undermined confidence in the country's leader. (newsweek.com)
Zulu is the most widely spoken language in South Africa with about 12 million speakers representing 23% of the country's population. (worldatlas.com)
Ndebele and Tshivenda are the least spoken languages in South Africa with only 2.1% and 2.4% of the country's population speaking these languages respectively. (worldatlas.com)
The South Africa Listers' Club is a community of birders who are passionate about our country's birds. (birdlife.org.za)

In 1994, CDC South Africa strengthened its support and began working with the government of South Africa to develop national HIV clinical, ethical, and research guidelines along with HIV and TB service delivery programs. (cdc.gov)

Of course, all this is academic, because South Africa has been overtaken by the negative, a wave of violence that has seen more than 600 blacks killed. (csmonitor.com)

Since 2006, the guinea worm programme has been establishing a community-based surveillance system capable of detecting index Guinea worm cases in endemic and at-risk villages of South Sudan and an effective intervention delivery system to break racunculiasis transmission. (who.int)
Occupational asthma as identified by the surveillance of work-related and occupational respiratory disease programme in South Africa. (cdc.gov)

Starting this month, experts at IBM Research, Wits University, University of the Western Cape, Umvoto Africa and Delta-H, who know how to deploy these technologies in South Africa, are starting a new pilot to develop news techniques, which are more user-friendly in the regional context. (ibm.com)

The project Stress-Tolerant Rice for Africa and South Asia (STRASA) began at the end of 2007 with IRRI in collaboration with AfricaRice (called WARDA at that time) to develop and deliver rice varieties tolerant of abiotic stresses to the millions of farmers in the unfavorable rice-growing environments. (google.com)

Almost 10% of South Africans speak English as their first language especially in the provinces of Western Cape, Gauteng, and KwaZulu-Natal. (worldatlas.com)

Roseanne da Silva, ASSA President, and Sundeep Raichura, Chairperson of the Africa Subcommittee opened the seminar with some welcoming remarks. (actuaries.org)

Zoonotic Brugia infections in North and South America. (cdc.gov)
It is found in certain parts of Africa and South America. (medlineplus.gov)

However, reports of corruption among government officials often emerge, and in recent years, the ruling African National Congress (ANC) has been accused of undermining state institutions to protect corrupt officials and preserve its power as its support base has begun to wane. (freedomhouse.org)
The ruling African National Congress party, which holds a majority in the parliament, largely stood with Ramaphosa, preventing the motion from getting the two-thirds vote needed to proceed with impeachment. (bigcountryhomepage.com)
MALALA: The African National Congress holds its conference every five years. (wuwf.org)
But the second one for me is that I think it's the end of the road for Nelson Mandela's party, the African National Congress. (wuwf.org)

The investigations began shortly after South African media started publishing leaked emails and other documents that suggested the Gupta family had used its friendship with President Jacob Zuma to gain overly lucrative state contracts--which at times involved working alongside big Western companies. (marketwatch.com)

South Africa strictly enforces entry and exit requirements and other immigration laws. (state.gov)
The Companies and Intellectual Property Commission, or the CIPC, which enforces South African corporate law, said it made the complaints in November and December, but has been investigating the three companies since July. (marketwatch.com)

And unlike other African countries, where refugees and asylum seekers are kept in camps, in South Africa, they are actually integrated into the communities. (npr.org)
Also, the communities speaking these minority languages are scattered in the outskirt provinces of South Africa. (worldatlas.com)
Freedom House's Promoting Civic Education and Participation in South Africa program seeks to strengthen the ability of civil society and community-based organizations to conduct civic education activities in their communities and to support their efforts to strengthen citizen participation in political processes. (freedomhouse.org)
On 2 March, three communities in South Africa issued their own research-ethics code - thought to be the first from any indigenous group in Africa. (nature.com)
He urged partners together with the WHO to boost the National Health Service in South Sudan particularly at a decentralized level and involve communities themselves in promoting health in preventing diseases. (who.int)

The three Gupta brothers-Ajay, Atul and Rajesh-have built an extensive business empire since moving to South Africa in 1993. (newsweek.com)

It advocates a 'White homeland' and won 3 seats in the South African Parliament in the 1999 elections. (fotw.us)

Traditional healer and national coordinator of the Traditional Healers Organisation (THO) of South Africa, Phephisile Maseko, treats patients with a mix of cannabis and other herbs. (medscape.com)

To learn more about our work in the region, visit our Sub-Saharan Africa programs page. (freedomhouse.org)
Economically speaking, South Africa dominates the region and has an advanced private sector. (deginvest.de)
The Regional Director's visit follows South Sudan shift from the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region to the WHO African region. (who.int)
African region" said Dr Luis Sambo. (who.int)
African Region. (who.int)
IMSEAR is the collaborative product of Health Literature, Library and Information Services (HELLIS) Network Member Libraries in the WHO South-East Asia Region. (who.int)

Conclusions The results suggest that even when not documented to have died of TB, TB-related changes are observed in many individuals in a South African skeletal sample, indicating that they may have been infected with the disease. (researchgate.net)

This retrospective record review was conducted at the Mthatha Regional Hospital in South Africa 's Eastern Cape province. (bvsalud.org)

A warning sign in South Africa shown in three languages: English, Africkaans, and Zulu. (worldatlas.com)
Cambridge IGCSE subjects which are the most popular among South African students are Maths, English and Business Studies. (prnewswire.com)
Selecciona tu idioma / Select your language: Español English · MyStore Xpress (812) - farmaciasdelnino female viagra pills in south africa . (apsia.org)

From the hypnotic port city of Mombasa south to the border with Tanzania, this stretch of Kenyan coast is anything but ordinary. (lonelyplanet.com)

For the women's team, see South Africa women's national cricket team . (wikipedia.org)

But that means presently voteless black South Africans as well as the white South Africans who elected Mr. Botha, and those he serves. (csmonitor.com)
Paul Botha, founder and CEO of the South African investment company Metier, gives a first-hand report. (deginvest.de)

Home / News / South Africa: Support FAWU on Strike at SAB Miller Soft Drinks! (iuf.org)

Seeing SAA's tail colours on international tarmacs is not only positive for South Africa but the rest of the continent. (businesstraveller.com)
The ASG is now working towards becoming the next IAA Full Member Association from the African continent. (actuaries.org)
Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) is not considered a major public health threat on the continent of Africa. (cdc.gov)

South African police are investigating the deaths of at least 21 people at a nightclub in the coastal town of East London Sunday and authorities say most of the victims were minors as young as 13-year-old. (necn.com)
We express our condolences to the South African people. (oxfam.org)
The most straightforward way to assist the economic opportunities and conditions for local people across Africa, is by direct financial interaction with people in Africa. (africaguide.com)
Fires fanned by high winds have swept through a scenic coastal town in South Africa, killing several people, destroying homes and forcing the evacuation of up to 10,000 people, authorities and media reports said Thursday. (washingtontimes.com)
South Africa is a diverse nation with a population of over 55 million comprising of people different languages, origins, cultures, and religious practices. (worldatlas.com)
It contains information about the workings of the South African government, teaches basic skills, and presents inspiring examples of how citizens can build "people power" and help strengthen their democracy. (freedomhouse.org)
The indigenous people - known for their click languages - are the first in Africa to draft guidelines for researchers. (nature.com)
The San people of southern Africa are among the most-studied indigenous groups in the world. (nature.com)
The code was developed by traditional leaders of the !Xun, Khwe and !Khomani groups of San, which represent around 8,000 people in South Africa. (nature.com)
Given that South Sudan has just emerged from a long civil war, it is likely that many of its people have under through post-traumatic stress disorder. (who.int)
He also stated that WHO together with the Ministry of Health shall discuss national policies and discuss specific areas where WHO will strengthen its technical cooperation with the government and people of South Sudan. (who.int)
The average annual incidence for occupational asthma in South Africa was 13.1 per million employed people, with the highest incidence reported from the Western Cape province (37.6 per million). (cdc.gov)

S S outh Africa is a dynamic, vibrant destination that offers an unrivalled wealth of experiences to the traveller. (southafrica.net)
Both the dentist and dental hygienist are registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa and have been in private practice for more than nineteen years bringing a wealth of experience and knowledge. (whatclinic.com)
South Africa : wealth, poverty and reconstruction / edited by Lual A. Deng & Elling Tjonneland. (who.int)

Amapiano's foundations are in Kwaito, music created in the '90s as South Africa transitioned into democracy. (billboard.com)
South Africa is a constitutional democracy. (freedomhouse.org)

While McKinsey and KPMG said they found no criminal wrongdoing, SAP said it had reported itself to the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigations and the Securities and Exchange Commission over 94 million South African rand ($7.6 million) in payments to companies with links to the Guptas. (marketwatch.com)
We offer long-term loans in EUR and USD as well as in South African Rand (ZAR). (deginvest.de)

Working with the National Cancer Registry in South Africa, we used 2,201 de-identified, free text pathology reports and I am proud to report that our paper demonstrates 74 percent accuracy - an improvement over current benchmark models. (ibm.com)
According to the South African Human Rights Commission, which in September published a report on the zama-zamas, said there were between 8,000 and 30,000 of them (for 140,000 'legal' miners). (worldcrunch.com)

It's not too late to purchase your 2023 Birds of Southern Africa calendar. (birdlife.org.za)

When the ban was imposed, South Africa had developed to a point where its team was arguably the very best in the world, and had even out-played Australia. (wikipedia.org)
Now some of the same critics who contend that the United States should not be a world policeman are saying the US should somehow step in and solve the South African situation with a whisk of its wand -- or truncheon. (csmonitor.com)
Mark Barber , Regional Manager for South Africa , University of Cambridge International Examinations said, "Our programmes and qualifications have a proven reputation for providing students in South Africa and around the world with an excellent preparation for university, employment and life. (prnewswire.com)
Off the Southern African coast are some of the most productive waters in the world. (birdlife.org)
Similar to other countries around the world, South Africa is striving to free itself of a legacy of racial discrimination, economic exploitation, and political authoritarianism to build a new democratic and equitable regime. (studyabroad.com)
There is also a long history elsewhere in the world of scientists and companies turning Indigenous knowledge into Western medicines , and many stakeholders fear that, once healers divulge their secrets and methods to expose their therapies to the rigor of clinical trials, this will happen again with South African traditional medicine. (medscape.com)

So Ramaphosa survived possible impeachment, but can you just walk us through what brought South Africa to this point? (wuwf.org)
I know that you're in New York right now, but what have you heard from South Africans about what they think about the story that you've just shared with us and about the development today that he avoided impeachment? (wuwf.org)

CDC South Africa supports the collection of HIV data through national population-based surveys and support for routine program monitoring systems. (cdc.gov)
According to the New York Times , at the time of publication less than 4% percent of the South African population has been fully vaccinated. (billboard.com)
Unlike earlier proposed versions of the legislation, it does not make use of politically charged and biased language, but rather uses terms that are essentially neutral and descriptive … without the addition of politically motivated aspects that can only cause division and alienation within the South African population. (jta.org)
In the last few decades, the population of African Penguins has dramatically decreased. (birdlife.org)
Once numbering about 1.5-3 million individuals, the African Penguin population dropped to 300,000 by 1956, and the numbers kept on falling. (birdlife.org)
There is a 600 km stretch of coastline between Dyer Island and Port Elizabeth where there are no islands, and therefore no breeding penguins, which effectively splits the South African population in two", explains Dr Alistair McInnes. (birdlife.org)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Cancer of the oesophagus in the South African black population. (who.int)
Segal I, Walker AR, Hamilton DG, Solomon A. Cancer of the oesophagus in the South African black population. (who.int)

Anatomy2

Organisms18

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Psychiatry and Psychology18

Phenomena and Processes17

Disciplines and Occupations10

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena33

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Humanities3

Information Science10

Named Groups12

Health Care95

Geographicals36

Tuberculous meningitis in South African urban adults. (1/3803)

Influence of sampling on estimates of clustering and recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived from DNA fingerprinting techniques. (2/3803)

Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in white and black patients with diabetes mellitus. (3/3803)

Increased activity of 16-membered lactone ring macrolides against erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae: characterization of South African isolates. (4/3803)

Unrecognized sexually transmitted infections in rural South African women: a hidden epidemic. (5/3803)

Allelic diversity of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin gene in South Africa: rarity of the vacA s1a genotype and natural occurrence of an s2/m1 allele. (6/3803)

Effect of iron-, iodine-, and beta-carotene-fortified biscuits on the micronutrient status of primary school children: a randomized controlled trial. (7/3803)

South African public sceptical about new AIDS "cure".(8/3803)

South Africa

Africa

Africa South of the Sahara

Africa, Southern

Africa, Western

Africa, Eastern

HIV Infections

Africa, Central

Africa, Northern

Medicine, African Traditional

Rural Population

South Carolina

Prevalence

Anti-HIV Agents

Anti-Retroviral Agents

Phylogeny

Developing Countries

Rural Health

Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

South Australia

Asia

Geography

Tuberculosis

New South Wales

CD4 Lymphocyte Count

History, Ancient

Antitubercular Agents

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active

Cross-Sectional Studies

Mozambique

Socioeconomic Factors

Risk Factors

Sexual Behavior

Epidemics

Fossils

African Continental Ancestry Group

Politics

Emigration and Immigration

South Dakota

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Malaria

Child, Orphaned

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical

India

Mining

Circumcision, Male

Genetic Variation

Incidence

Infant, Newborn

Disease Outbreaks

Pregnancy

Urban Population

Granuloma Inguinale

Archaeology

Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Population Surveillance

Social Stigma

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Questionnaires

Interviews as Topic

Age Distribution

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Health Policy

Genotype

Human Rights

Cost of Illness

Health Services Accessibility

Public Sector

Phylogeography

Lost to Follow-Up

Coinfection

Healthcare Financing

Uganda

Ghana

Rain

Sexual Partners

Program Evaluation