AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth Care
SoundSound LocalizationHeart SoundsSound SpectrographyAcoustic StimulationAuditory PerceptionAcousticsAuditory PathwaysHearingAuditory CortexNoiseEvoked Potentials, AuditoryPsychoacousticsRespiratory SoundsAuditory ThresholdHeart AuscultationAuscultationVocalization, AnimalAnimal CommunicationPhonocardiographyMusicInferior ColliculiSpeech PerceptionPhoneticsPitch PerceptionEcholocationAir SacsLoudness PerceptionCochlear NervePattern Recognition, PhysiologicalSpeechTympanic MembraneEarPitch DiscriminationEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemCochleaStethoscopesTinnitusStrigiformesReaction TimeChiropteraCuesEar CanalEar AuricleHearing Loss, Noise-InducedSpeech AcousticsOlivary NucleusVibrationPerceptual MaskingBone ConductionAudiometryAuditory Perceptual DisordersNoise, OccupationalHeart MurmursGryllidaeBrain MappingFunctional LateralityStapesArticulation DisordersBasilar MembraneTime PerceptionSignal Detection, PsychologicalKinetocardiographyUltrasonicsTime FactorsHyperacusisAudiometry, Pure-ToneMagnetoencephalographyCochlear ImplantsHair Cells, AuditorySignal Processing, Computer-AssistedIllusionsNeuronsHearing Loss, CentralChinchillaVoiceSpeech Production MeasurementDeafnessPhonationAction PotentialsHearing TestsDiscrimination (Psychology)Cochlear Microphonic PotentialsPerciformesOtoacoustic Emissions, SpontaneousEar, MiddleDolphinsAmplifiers, ElectronicSpeech Articulation TestsNoise, TransportationModels, NeurologicalPressureCatsHair Cells, Auditory, InnerOrthopteraHearing LossAnalysis of VarianceGerbillinaeElectroencephalographyHearing Loss, ConductiveEar OssiclesEar, ExternalLanguageTransducersHearing Aids
Sound: A type of non-ionizing radiation in which energy is transmitted through solid, liquid, or gas as compression waves. Sound (acoustic or sonic) radiation with frequencies above the audible range is classified as ultrasonic. Sound radiation below the audible range is classified as infrasonic.Sound Localization: Ability to determine the specific location of a sound source.Heart Sounds: The sounds heard over the cardiac region produced by the functioning of the heart. There are four distinct sounds: the first occurs at the beginning of SYSTOLE and is heard as a "lubb" sound; the second is produced by the closing of the AORTIC VALVE and PULMONARY VALVE and is heard as a "dupp" sound; the third is produced by vibrations of the ventricular walls when suddenly distended by the rush of blood from the HEART ATRIA; and the fourth is produced by atrial contraction and ventricular filling.Sound Spectrography: The graphic registration of the frequency and intensity of sounds, such as speech, infant crying, and animal vocalizations.Acoustic Stimulation: Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.Auditory Perception: The process whereby auditory stimuli are selected, organized, and interpreted by the organism.Acoustics: The branch of physics that deals with sound and sound waves. In medicine it is often applied in procedures in speech and hearing studies. With regard to the environment, it refers to the characteristics of a room, auditorium, theatre, building, etc. that determines the audibility or fidelity of sounds in it. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Auditory Pathways: NEURAL PATHWAYS and connections within the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, beginning at the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI, continuing along the eighth cranial nerve, and terminating at the AUDITORY CORTEX.Hearing: The ability or act of sensing and transducing ACOUSTIC STIMULATION to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. It is also called audition.Auditory Cortex: The region of the cerebral cortex that receives the auditory radiation from the MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY.Noise: Any sound which is unwanted or interferes with HEARING other sounds.Evoked Potentials, Auditory: The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by ACOUSTIC STIMULATION or stimulation of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS.Psychoacoustics: The science pertaining to the interrelationship of psychologic phenomena and the individual's response to the physical properties of sound.Respiratory Sounds: Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.Auditory Threshold: The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch.Heart Auscultation: Act of listening for sounds within the heart.Auscultation: Act of listening for sounds within the body.Vocalization, Animal: Sounds used in animal communication.Animal Communication: Communication between animals involving the giving off by one individual of some chemical or physical signal, that, on being received by another, influences its behavior.Phonocardiography: Graphic registration of the heart sounds picked up as vibrations and transformed by a piezoelectric crystal microphone into a varying electrical output according to the stresses imposed by the sound waves. The electrical output is amplified by a stethograph amplifier and recorded by a device incorporated into the electrocardiograph or by a multichannel recording machine.Music: Sound that expresses emotion through rhythm, melody, and harmony.Inferior Colliculi: The posterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which contain centers for auditory function.Speech Perception: The process whereby an utterance is decoded into a representation in terms of linguistic units (sequences of phonetic segments which combine to form lexical and grammatical morphemes).Phonetics: The science or study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and reception, and their analysis, classification, and transcription. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Pitch Perception: A dimension of auditory sensation varying with cycles per second of the sound stimulus.Echolocation: An auditory orientation mechanism involving the emission of high frequency sounds which are reflected back to the emitter (animal).Air Sacs: Thin-walled sacs or spaces which function as a part of the respiratory system in birds, fishes, insects, and mammals.Loudness Perception: The perceived attribute of a sound which corresponds to the physical attribute of intensity.Cochlear Nerve: The cochlear part of the 8th cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE). The cochlear nerve fibers originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project peripherally to cochlear hair cells and centrally to the cochlear nuclei (COCHLEAR NUCLEUS) of the BRAIN STEM. They mediate the sense of hearing.Pattern Recognition, Physiological: The analysis of a critical number of sensory stimuli or facts (the pattern) by physiological processes such as vision (PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL), touch, or hearing.Speech: Communication through a system of conventional vocal symbols.Tympanic Membrane: An oval semitransparent membrane separating the external EAR CANAL from the tympanic cavity (EAR, MIDDLE). It contains three layers: the skin of the external ear canal; the core of radially and circularly arranged collagen fibers; and the MUCOSA of the middle ear.Ear: The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. It consists of three parts: the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR. Sound waves are transmitted through this organ where vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the ACOUSTIC NERVE to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The inner ear also contains the vestibular organ that maintains equilibrium by transducing signals to the VESTIBULAR NERVE.Pitch Discrimination: The ability to differentiate tones.Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem: Electrical waves in the CEREBRAL CORTEX generated by BRAIN STEM structures in response to auditory click stimuli. These are found to be abnormal in many patients with CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE lesions, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, or other DEMYELINATING DISEASES.Cochlea: The part of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH.Stethoscopes: Instruments intended to detect and study sound produced by the heart, lungs, or other parts of the body. (from UMDNS, 1999)Tinnitus: A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.Strigiformes: An order of BIRDS with the common name owls characterized by strongly hooked beaks, sharp talons, large heads, forward facing eyes, and facial disks. While considered nocturnal RAPTORS, some owls do hunt by day.Reaction Time: The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.Chiroptera: Order of mammals whose members are adapted for flight. It includes bats, flying foxes, and fruit bats.Cues: Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.Ear Canal: The narrow passage way that conducts the sound collected by the EAR AURICLE to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.Ear Auricle: The shell-like structure projects like a little wing (pinna) from the side of the head. Ear auricles collect sound from the environment.Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.Speech Acoustics: The acoustic aspects of speech in terms of frequency, intensity, and time.Olivary Nucleus: A part of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA situated in the olivary body. It is involved with motor control and is a major source of sensory input to the CEREBELLUM.Vibration: A continuing periodic change in displacement with respect to a fixed reference. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Perceptual Masking: The interference of one perceptual stimulus with another causing a decrease or lessening in perceptual effectiveness.Bone Conduction: Transmission of sound waves through vibration of bones in the SKULL to the inner ear (COCHLEA). By using bone conduction stimulation and by bypassing any OUTER EAR or MIDDLE EAR abnormalities, hearing thresholds of the cochlea can be determined. Bone conduction hearing differs from normal hearing which is based on air conduction stimulation via the EAR CANAL and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.Audiometry: The testing of the acuity of the sense of hearing to determine the thresholds of the lowest intensity levels at which an individual can hear a set of tones. The frequencies between 125 and 8000 Hz are used to test air conduction thresholds and the frequencies between 250 and 4000 Hz are used to test bone conduction thresholds.Auditory Perceptual Disorders: Acquired or developmental cognitive disorders of AUDITORY PERCEPTION characterized by a reduced ability to perceive information contained in auditory stimuli despite intact auditory pathways. Affected individuals have difficulty with speech perception, sound localization, and comprehending the meaning of inflections of speech.Noise, Occupational: Noise present in occupational, industrial, and factory situations.Heart Murmurs: Heart sounds caused by vibrations resulting from the flow of blood through the heart. Heart murmurs can be examined by HEART AUSCULTATION, and analyzed by their intensity (6 grades), duration, timing (systolic, diastolic, or continuous), location, transmission, and quality (musical, vibratory, blowing, etc).Gryllidae: The family Gryllidae consists of the common house cricket, Acheta domesticus, which is used in neurological and physiological studies. Other genera include Gryllotalpa (mole cricket); Gryllus (field cricket); and Oecanthus (tree cricket).Brain Mapping: Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.Functional Laterality: Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.Stapes: One of the three ossicles of the middle ear. It transmits sound vibrations from the INCUS to the internal ear (Ear, Internal see LABYRINTH).Articulation Disorders: Disorders of the quality of speech characterized by the substitution, omission, distortion, and addition of phonemes.Basilar Membrane: A basement membrane in the cochlea that supports the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI, consisting keratin-like fibrils. It stretches from the SPIRAL LAMINA to the basilar crest. The movement of fluid in the cochlea, induced by sound, causes displacement of the basilar membrane and subsequent stimulation of the attached hair cells which transform the mechanical signal into neural activity.Time Perception: The ability to estimate periods of time lapsed or duration of time.Signal Detection, Psychological: Psychophysical technique that permits the estimation of the bias of the observer as well as detectability of the signal (i.e., stimulus) in any sensory modality. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)Kinetocardiography: The graphic recording of chest wall movement due to cardiac impulses.Ultrasonics: A subfield of acoustics dealing in the radio frequency range higher than acoustic SOUND waves (approximately above 20 kilohertz). Ultrasonic radiation is used therapeutically (DIATHERMY and ULTRASONIC THERAPY) to generate HEAT and to selectively destroy tissues. It is also used in diagnostics, for example, ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; and ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, to visually display echoes received from irradiated tissues.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Hyperacusis: An abnormally disproportionate increase in the sensation of loudness in response to auditory stimuli of normal volume. COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; FACIAL NERVE DISEASES; STAPES SURGERY; and other disorders may be associated with this condition.Audiometry, Pure-Tone: Measurement of hearing based on the use of pure tones of various frequencies and intensities as auditory stimuli.Magnetoencephalography: The measurement of magnetic fields over the head generated by electric currents in the brain. As in any electrical conductor, electric fields in the brain are accompanied by orthogonal magnetic fields. The measurement of these fields provides information about the localization of brain activity which is complementary to that provided by ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY. Magnetoencephalography may be used alone or together with electroencephalography, for measurement of spontaneous or evoked activity, and for research or clinical purposes.Cochlear Implants: Electronic hearing devices typically used for patients with normal outer and middle ear function, but defective inner ear function. In the COCHLEA, the hair cells (HAIR CELLS, VESTIBULAR) may be absent or damaged but there are residual nerve fibers. The device electrically stimulates the COCHLEAR NERVE to create sound sensation.Hair Cells, Auditory: Sensory cells in the organ of Corti, characterized by their apical stereocilia (hair-like projections). The inner and outer hair cells, as defined by their proximity to the core of spongy bone (the modiolus), change morphologically along the COCHLEA. Towards the cochlear apex, the length of hair cell bodies and their apical STEREOCILIA increase, allowing differential responses to various frequencies of sound.Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted: Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.Illusions: The misinterpretation of a real external, sensory experience.Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.Hearing Loss, Central: Hearing loss due to disease of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS (in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM) which originate in the COCHLEAR NUCLEI of the PONS and then ascend bilaterally to the MIDBRAIN, the THALAMUS, and then the AUDITORY CORTEX in the TEMPORAL LOBE. Bilateral lesions of the auditory pathways are usually required to cause central hearing loss. Cortical deafness refers to loss of hearing due to bilateral auditory cortex lesions. Unilateral BRAIN STEM lesions involving the cochlear nuclei may result in unilateral hearing loss.Chinchilla: A genus of the family Chinchillidae which consists of three species: C. brevicaudata, C. lanigera, and C. villidera. They are used extensively in biomedical research.Voice: The sounds produced by humans by the passage of air through the LARYNX and over the VOCAL CORDS, and then modified by the resonance organs, the NASOPHARYNX, and the MOUTH.Speech Production Measurement: Measurement of parameters of the speech product such as vocal tone, loudness, pitch, voice quality, articulation, resonance, phonation, phonetic structure and prosody.Deafness: A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.Phonation: The process of producing vocal sounds by means of VOCAL CORDS vibrating in an expiratory blast of air.Action Potentials: Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.Hearing Tests: Part of an ear examination that measures the ability of sound to reach the brain.Discrimination (Psychology): Differential response to different stimuli.Cochlear Microphonic Potentials: The electric response of the cochlear hair cells to acoustic stimulation.Perciformes: The most diversified of all fish orders and the largest vertebrate order. It includes many of the commonly known fish such as porgies, croakers, sunfishes, dolphin fish, mackerels, TUNA, etc.Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous: Self-generated faint acoustic signals from the inner ear (COCHLEA) without external stimulation. These faint signals can be recorded in the EAR CANAL and are indications of active OUTER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions are found in all classes of land vertebrates.Ear, Middle: The space and structures directly internal to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE and external to the inner ear (LABYRINTH). Its major components include the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE that connects the cavity of middle ear (tympanic cavity) to the upper part of the throat.Dolphins: Mammals of the families Delphinidae (ocean dolphins), Iniidae, Lipotidae, Pontoporiidae, and Platanistidae (all river dolphins). Among the most well-known species are the BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHIN and the KILLER WHALE (a dolphin). The common name dolphin is applied to small cetaceans having a beaklike snout and a slender, streamlined body, whereas PORPOISES are small cetaceans with a blunt snout and rather stocky body. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, pp978-9)Amplifiers, Electronic: Electronic devices that increase the magnitude of a signal's power level or current.Speech Articulation Tests: Tests of accuracy in pronouncing speech sounds, e.g., Iowa Pressure Articulation Test, Deep Test of Articulation, Templin-Darley Tests of Articulation, Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, Screening Speech Articulation Test, Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale.Noise, Transportation: Noise associated with transportation, particularly aircraft and automobiles.Models, Neurological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the neurological system, processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Pressure: A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Cats: The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner: Auditory sensory cells of organ of Corti, usually placed in one row medially to the core of spongy bone (the modiolus). Inner hair cells are in fewer numbers than the OUTER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS, and their STEREOCILIA are approximately twice as thick as those of the outer hair cells.Orthoptera: An order of insects comprising two suborders: Caelifera and Ensifera. They consist of GRASSHOPPERS, locusts, and crickets (GRYLLIDAE).Hearing Loss: A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Gerbillinae: A subfamily of the Muridae consisting of several genera including Gerbillus, Rhombomys, Tatera, Meriones, and Psammomys.Electroencephalography: Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.Hearing Loss, Conductive: Hearing loss due to interference with the mechanical reception or amplification of sound to the COCHLEA. The interference is in the outer or middle ear involving the EAR CANAL; TYMPANIC MEMBRANE; or EAR OSSICLES.Ear Ossicles: A mobile chain of three small bones (INCUS; MALLEUS; STAPES) in the TYMPANIC CAVITY between the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE and the oval window on the wall of INNER EAR. Sound waves are converted to vibration by the tympanic membrane then transmitted via these ear ossicles to the inner ear.Ear, External: The outer part of the hearing system of the body. It includes the shell-like EAR AURICLE which collects sound, and the EXTERNAL EAR CANAL, the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE, and the EXTERNAL EAR CARTILAGES.Language: A verbal or nonverbal means of communicating ideas or feelings.Transducers: Any device or element which converts an input signal into an output signal of a different form. Examples include the microphone, phonographic pickup, loudspeaker, barometer, photoelectric cell, automobile horn, doorbell, and underwater sound transducer. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Hearing Aids: Wearable sound-amplifying devices that are intended to compensate for impaired hearing. These generic devices include air-conduction hearing aids and bone-conduction hearing aids. (UMDNS, 1999)

Coding of sound envelopes by inhibitory rebound in neurons of the superior olivary complex in the unanesthetized rabbit. (1/910)

Most natural sounds (e.g., speech) are complex and have amplitude envelopes that fluctuate rapidly. A number of studies have examined the neural coding of envelopes, but little attention has been paid to the superior olivary complex (SOC), a constellation of nuclei that receive information from the cochlear nucleus. We studied two classes of predominantly monaural neurons: those that displayed a sustained response to tone bursts and those that gave only a response to the tone offset. Our results demonstrate that the off neurons in the SOC can encode the pattern of amplitude-modulated sounds with high synchrony that is superior to sustained neurons. The upper cutoff frequency and highest modulation frequency at which significant synchrony was present were, on average, slightly higher for off neurons compared with sustained neurons. Finally, most sustained and off neurons encoded the level of pure tones over a wider range of intensities than those reported for auditory nerve fibers and cochlear nucleus neurons. A traditional view of inhibition is that it attenuates or terminates neural activity. Although this holds true for off neurons, the robust discharge when inhibition is released adds a new dimension. For simple sounds (i.e., pure tones), the off response can code a wide range of sound levels. For complex sounds, the off response becomes entrained to each modulation, resulting in a precise temporal coding of the envelope.  (+info)

Communication signals and sound production mechanisms of mormyrid electric fish. (2/910)

The African weakly electric fishes Pollimyrus isidori and Pollimyrus adspersus (Mormyridae) produce elaborate acoustic displays during social communication in addition to their electric organ discharges (EODs). In this paper, we provide new data on the EODs of these sound-producing mormyrids and on the mechanisms they use to generate species-typical sounds. Although it is known that the EODs are usually species-specific and sexually dimorphic, the EODs of closely related sound-producing mormyrids have not previously been compared. The data presented demonstrate that there is a clear sexual dimorphism in the EOD waveform of P. isidori. Females have a multi-phasic EOD that is more complex than the male's biphasic EOD. In this respect, P. isidori is similar to its more thoroughly studied congener P. adspersus, which has a sexually dimorphic EOD. The new data also reveal that the EODs of these two species are distinct, thus showing for the first time that species-specificity in EODs is characteristic of these fishes, which also generate species-specific courtship sounds. The sound-generating mechanism is based on a drumming muscle coupled to the swimbladder. Transverse sections through decalcified male and female P. adspersus revealed a muscle that envelops the caudal pole of the swimbladder and that is composed of dorso-ventrally oriented fibers. The muscle is five times larger in males (14.5+/-4.4 microl, mean +/- s.d.) than in females (3.2+/-1.8 microl). The fibers are also of significantly larger diameter in males than in females. Males generate courtship sounds and females do not. The function of the swimbladder muscle was tested using behavioral experiments. Male P. adspersus normally produce acoustic courtship displays when presented with female-like electrical stimuli. However, local anesthesia of the swimbladder muscle muted males. In control trials, males continued to produce sounds after injection of either lidocaine in the trunk muscles or saline in the swimbladder muscles.  (+info)

Sensitivity to simulated directional sound motion in the rat primary auditory cortex. (3/910)

Sensitivity to simulated directional sound motion in the rat primary auditory cortex. This paper examines neuron responses in rat primary auditory cortex (AI) during sound stimulation of the two ears designed to simulate sound motion in the horizontal plane. The simulated sound motion was synthesized from mathematical equations that generated dynamic changes in interaural phase, intensity, and Doppler shifts at the two ears. The simulated sounds were based on moving sources in the right frontal horizontal quadrant. Stimuli consisted of three circumferential segments between 0 and 30 degrees, 30 and 60 degrees, and 60 and 90 degrees and four radial segments at 0, 30, 60, and 90 degrees. The constant velocity portion of each segment was 0.84 m long. The circumferential segments and center of the radial segments were calculated to simulate a distance of 2 m from the head. Each segment had two trajectories that simulated motion in both directions, and each trajectory was presented at two velocities. Young adult rats were anesthetized, the left primary auditory cortex was exposed, and microelectrode recordings were obtained from sound responsive cells in AI. All testing took place at a tonal frequency that most closely approximated the best frequency of the unit at a level 20 dB above the tuning curve threshold. The results were presented on polar plots that emphasized the two directions of simulated motion for each segment rather than the location of sound in space. The trajectory exhibiting a "maximum motion response" could be identified from these plots. "Neuron discharge profiles" within these trajectories were used to demonstrate neuron activity for the two motion directions. Cells were identified that clearly responded to simulated uni- or multidirectional sound motion (39%), that were sensitive to sound location only (19%), or that were sound driven but insensitive to our location or sound motion stimuli (42%). The results demonstrated the capacity of neurons in rat auditory cortex to selectively process dynamic stimulus conditions representing simulated motion on the horizontal plane. Our data further show that some cells were responsive to location along the horizontal plane but not sensitive to motion. Cells sensitive to motion, however, also responded best to the moving sound at a particular location within the trajectory. It would seem that the mechanisms underlying sensitivity to sound location as well as direction of motion converge on the same cell.  (+info)

Single-unit responses in the inferior colliculus of decerebrate cats. I. Classification based on frequency response maps. (4/910)

This study proposes a classification system for neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) that is based on excitation and inhibition patterns of single-unit responses in decerebrate cats. The decerebrate preparation allowed extensive characterization of physiological response types without the confounding effects of anesthesia. The tone-driven discharge rates of individual units were measured across a range of frequencies and levels to map excitatory and inhibitory response areas for contralateral monaural stimulation. The resulting frequency response maps can be grouped into the following three populations: type V maps exhibit a wide V-shaped excitatory area and no inhibition; type I maps show a more restricted I-shaped region of excitation that is flanked by inhibition at lower and higher frequencies; and type O maps display an O-shaped island of excitation at low stimulus levels that is bounded by inhibition at higher levels. Units that produce a type V map typically have a low best frequency (BF: the most sensitive frequency), a low rate of spontaneous activity, and monotonic rate-level functions for both BF tones and broadband noise. Type I and type O units have BFs that span the cat's range of audible frequencies and high rates of spontaneous activity. Like type V units, type I units are excited by BF tones and noise at all levels, but their rate-level functions may become nonmonotonic at high levels. Type O units are inhibited by BF tones and noise at high levels. The existence of distinct response types is consistent with a conceptual model in which the unit types receive dominant inputs from different sources and shows that these functionally segregated pathways are specialized to play complementary roles in the processing of auditory information.  (+info)

Conductive hearing loss produces a reversible binaural hearing impairment. (5/910)

Conductive hearing loss, produced by otitis media with effusion, is widespread in young children. However, little is known about its short- or long-term effects on hearing or the brain. To study the consequences of a conductive loss for the perception and processing of sounds, we plugged the left ear canal of ferrets for 7-15 months during either infancy or adulthood. Before or during plugging, the ferrets were trained to perform a binaural task requiring the detection of a 500 Hz tone, positioned 90 degrees to the right, that was masked by two sources of broad-band noise. In one condition ("control"), both noise sources were 90 degrees right and, in the second condition ("bilateral"), one noise source was moved to 90 degrees left. Normal ferrets showed binaural unmasking: tone detection thresholds were lower (mean 10.1 dB) for the bilateral condition than for the control condition. Both groups of ear-plugged ferrets had reduced unmasking; the mean residual unmasking was 2.3 dB for the infant and 0.7 dB for the adult ear-plugged animals. After unplugging, unmasking increased in both groups (infant, 7.1 dB; adult, 6.9 dB) but not to normal levels. Repeated testing during the 22 months after unplugging revealed a gradual return to normal levels of unmasking. These results show that a unilateral conductive hearing loss, in either infancy or adulthood, impairs binaural hearing both during and after the hearing loss. They show scant evidence for adaptation to the plug and demonstrate a recovery from the impairment that occurs over a period of several months after restoration of normal peripheral function.  (+info)

Mosquito hearing: sound-induced antennal vibrations in male and female Aedes aegypti. (6/910)

Male mosquitoes are attracted by the flight sounds of conspecific females. In males only, the antennal flagellum bears a large number of long hairs and is therefore said to be plumose. As early as 1855, it was proposed that this remarkable antennal anatomy served as a sound-receiving structure. In the present study, the sound-induced vibrations of the antennal flagellum in male and female Aedes aegypti were compared, and the functional significance of the flagellar hairs for audition was examined. In both males and females, the antennae are resonantly tuned mechanical systems that move as simple forced damped harmonic oscillators when acoustically stimulated. The best frequency of the female antenna is around 230 Hz; that of the male is around 380 Hz, which corresponds approximately to the fundamental frequency of female flight sounds. The antennal hairs of males are resonantly tuned to frequencies between approximately 2600 and 3100 Hz and are therefore stiffly coupled to, and move together with, the flagellar shaft when stimulated at biologically relevant frequencies around 380 Hz. Because of this stiff coupling, forces acting on the hairs can be transmitted to the shaft and thus to the auditory sensory organ at the base of the flagellum, a process that is proposed to improve acoustic sensitivity. Indeed, the mechanical sensitivity of the male antenna not only exceeds the sensitivity of the female antenna but also those of all other arthropod movement receivers studied so far.  (+info)

Bilateral ablation of auditory cortex in Mongolian gerbil affects discrimination of frequency modulated tones but not of pure tones. (7/910)

This study examines the role of auditory cortex in the Mongolian gerbil in differential conditioning to pure tones and to linearly frequency-modulated (FM) tones by analyzing the effects of bilateral auditory cortex ablation. Learning behavior and performance were studied in a GO/NO-GO task aiming at avoidance of a mild foot shock by crossing a hurdle in a two-way shuttle box. Hurdle crossing as the conditioned response to the reinforced stimulus (CR+), as false alarm in response to the unreinforced stimulus (CR-), intertrial activity, and reaction times were monitored. The analysis revealed no effects of lesion on pure tone discrimination but impairment of FM tone discrimination. In the latter case lesion effects were dependent on timing of lesion relative to FM tone discrimination training. Lesions before training in naive animals led to a reduced CR+ rate and had no effect on CR- rate. Lesions in pretrained animals led to an increased CR- rate without effects on the CR+ rate. The results suggest that auditory cortex plays a more critical role in discrimination of FM tones than in discrimination of pure tones. The different lesion effects on FM tone discrimination before and after training are compatible with both the hypothesis of a purely sensory deficit in FM tone processing and the hypothesis of a differential involvement of auditory cortex in acquisition and retention, respectively.  (+info)

Contractile properties of muscles used in sound production and locomotion in two species of gray tree frog. (8/910)

The sound-producing muscles of frogs and toads are interesting because they have been selected to produce high-power outputs at high frequencies. The two North American species of gray tree frog, Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla versicolor, are a diploid-tetraploid species pair. They are morphologically identical, but differ in the structure of their advertisement calls. H. chrysoscelis produces very loud pulsed calls by contracting its calling muscles at approximately 40 Hz at 20 degrees C, whereas, H. versicolor operates the homologous muscles at approximately 20 Hz at this temperature. This study examined the matching of the intrinsic contractile properties of the calling muscles to their frequency of use. I measured the isotonic and isometric contractile properties of two calling muscles, the laryngeal dilator, which presumably has a role in modulating call structure, and the external oblique, which is one of the muscles that provides the mechanical power for calling. I also examined the properties of the sartorius as a representative locomotor muscle. The calling muscles differ greatly in twitch kinetics between the two species. The calling muscles of H. chrysoscelis reach peak tension in a twitch after approximately 15 ms, compared with 25 ms for the same muscles in H. versicolor. The muscles also differ significantly in isotonic properties in the direction predicted from their calling frequencies. However, the maximum shortening velocities of the calling muscles of H. versicolor are only slightly lower than those of the comparable muscles of H. chrysoscelis. The calling muscles have similar maximum shortening velocities to the sartorius, but have much flatter force-velocity curves, which may be an adaptation to their role in cyclical power output. I conclude that twitch properties have been modified more by selection than have intrinsic shortening velocities. This difference corresponds to the differing roles of shortening velocity and twitch kinetics in determining power output at differing frequencies.  (+info)

Patent US5939817 - Surface acoustic wave device - Google PatentsPatent US5939817 - Surface acoustic wave device - Google Patents
A surface acoustic wave element 11 having an inter digital electrode 12 formed on one surface of a piezo-electric substrate is arranged in a recess of a package 13 with the one surface being faced to a bottom surface of the recess of the package 13. An elastic conductive pad 35 having pads electrically connected to the electrode of the surface acoustic wave element 11 and electrodes of the package 13 is provided between the one surface of the surface acoustic wave element 11 and the package 13. The conductive pad 35 includes wiring means 35a, with which it is possible to connect the surface acoustic wave element 11 to the package 13 even when the position of the surface acoustic wave element in which the interdigital electrode is formed is deviated from the position of the electrodes of the package 13. The package 13 includes a cap 30 for pressing down the surface acoustic wave element 11. The surface acoustic wave element 11 is mounted on the conductive pad 35 in the package 13 with a surface of the
THE INFLUENCE OF LOW FREQUENCY SOUND ON THE CHANGES OF EEG SIGNAL MORPHOLOGY - PDFTHE INFLUENCE OF LOW FREQUENCY SOUND ON THE CHANGES OF EEG SIGNAL MORPHOLOGY - PDF
Molecular and Quantum Acoustics vol. 28 (2007) 65 THE INFLUENCE OF LOW FREQUENCY SOUND ON THE CHANGES OF EEG SIGNAL MORPHOLOGY Zbigniew DAMIJAN, Jerzy WICIAK University of Science and Technology - AGH,
Mechanical characterization of tissue mimicking phantoms by broadband surface acoustic waves - Research Database, The...Mechanical characterization of tissue mimicking phantoms by broadband surface acoustic waves - Research Database, The...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Mechanical characterization of tissue mimicking phantoms by broadband surface acoustic waves. AU - Li,Sinan. AU - Qi,Yuns Heng. AU - Wei,Cheng. AU - Huang,Zhihong. AU - Li,Chunhui. AU - Wang,Ruikang PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) shows great potential in non-destructive mechanical characterization, it promises a non-invasive method of diagnosis of cirrhosis cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. This paper explores a rapid way to evaluate the elastic property of soft tissue mimicking phantom by the analysis of SAWs phase velocity. An electromagnetic shaker with a line source was used to generate SAWs by square wave stimulus. A laser-vibrometer with displacement decoding mode was used to detect the SAWs. The phase velocities on agar phantoms were estimated. The result showed that the evaluation of SAWs phase velocity could be served as an accurate and rapid estimation of elasticity properties of soft materials.. AB - Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) shows great ...
Sensors | Free Full-Text | Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Harsh Environment Wireless Sensing | HTMLSensors | Free Full-Text | Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Harsh Environment Wireless Sensing | HTML
Langasite surface acoustic wave devices can be used to implement harsh-environment wireless sensing of gas concentration and temperature. This paper reviews prior work on the development of langasite surface acoustic wave devices, followed by a report of recent progress toward the implementation of oxygen gas sensors. Resistive metal oxide films can be used as the oxygen sensing film, although development of an adherent barrier layer will be necessary with the sensing layers studied here to prevent interaction with the langasite substrate. Experimental results are presented for the performance of a langasite surface acoustic wave oxygen sensor with tin oxide sensing layer, and these experimental results are correlated with direct measurements of the sensing layer resistivity.
Surface acoustic wave device and surface acoustic wave biosensor - Drawing for Patent # 8134278 - PatentGeniusSurface acoustic wave device and surface acoustic wave biosensor - Drawing for Patent # 8134278 - PatentGenius
A surface acoustic wave device, including: a piezoelectric substrate; an interdigitated transducer electrode disposed on the substrate; an oxide film disposed on surface of the interdigitated transducer electrode; and a hydrophobic film disposed on a surface of the oxide film.
Patent US7026943 - Acoustic wave ice and water detector - Google PatentsPatent US7026943 - Acoustic wave ice and water detector - Google Patents
An acoustic wave sensor utilizes one or more acoustic waves trapped in an acoustic wave cavity to detect the presence of one or more substances on a surface of the acoustic wave cavity. To detect the presence of ice, a trapped torsional acoustic wave is used. To detect water, an acoustic wave with flexural or compressional components is used. The sensor includes a number of transducers adjacent the acoustic wave cavity where a controller drives different sets of the transducers to generate different acoustic waves.
Loud High Frequency sound ringing INSIDE my head! do YOU hear a sound that does not go away? NOT tinnitus! | We were Tortured,...Loud High Frequency sound ringing INSIDE my head! do YOU hear a sound that does not go away? NOT tinnitus! | We were Tortured,...
high frequency loud ringing in my head! Posted on January 1, 2014 by Timothytrespas High Frequency Loud Ringing Inside of my head. It is there whenever I am at home. At every home I have lived in, and there have been 10 since this high frequency sound inside my head began, I hear it ringing in…
Loud High Frequency sound ringing INSIDE my head! do YOU hear a sound that does not go away? NOT tinnitus! | We were Tortured,...Loud High Frequency sound ringing INSIDE my head! do YOU hear a sound that does not go away? NOT tinnitus! | We were Tortured,...
high frequency loud ringing in my head! Posted on January 1, 2014 by Timothytrespas High Frequency Loud Ringing Inside of my head. It is there whenever I am at home. At every home I have lived in, and there have been 10 since this high frequency sound inside my head began, I hear it ringing in…
2013 Program | Nanomanufacturing Summit2013 Program | Nanomanufacturing Summit
Acoustic tweezers: manipulating particles, cells, and organisms using standing surface acoustic waves (SSAW) The ability to manipulate cells and microparticles in a biocompatible and dexterous manner is critical for numerous biological studies and applications such as cell-cell communication, biosensing, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Here we summarize our recent progress on an "acoustic tweezers" technique that utilizes standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW) to manipulate particles, cells, and organisms. This technique is capable of manipulating cells and microparticles regardless of shape, size, charge or polarity. Its power intensity, approximately 107 times lower than that of optical tweezers, compares favorably with those of other active patterning methods. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis studies have revealed the technique to be biocompatible. The aforementioned advantages, along with this techniques simple design and ability to be miniaturized, render the ...
HearSayLW: What is An Auditory Verbal Therapist? - A Real Conversation Starter!HearSayLW: "What is An Auditory Verbal Therapist?" - A Real Conversation Starter!
Sensorineural hearing loss (sometimes called "nerve deafness") occurs when the cilia (hair cells) of the inner ear (the cochlea) do not function properly. In an undamaged ear, the pressure from sound waves goes into your pinna (the outer ear, the part you can see), makes the eardrum move back and forth, is passed along the small bones of the middle ear (the smallest bones in your body!), and then transfers to the middle ear, where those sound waves cause actual waves in the fluid-filled cochlea. The waves of fluid cause the hair cells to move. This sets off a beautiful chemical chain reaction, which ultimately causes stimulation of the auditory nerve (cranial nerve VIII), which sends the sensation of "sound" to the brain. The hair cells in the cochlea are tonotopically arranged, meaning that each region corresponds to different tones, going from high frequency sounds at the basal end to low frequency sounds at the apex of the cochlea, which looks like a snail shell. Think of a piano keyboard ...
Sounds (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)Sounds (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
The thesis that sounds are sound waves is also often motivated by the argument from vacuums. Surely, it is argued, sounds cannot exist in a vacuum. As Hylas says in Berkeleys Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous, "a bell struck in the exhausted receiver of an air-pump, sends forth no sound. The air therefore must be thought the subject of sound" (1713: 171-2). But is the claim that there are no sounds in vacuums really obvious? On pain of question begging, it cannot be made to follow from any particular metaphysics of sounds. In order to assess it on its own merits, consider once more the analogy between, on the one hand, sounds and air, and, on the other hand, emission events at light sources and light. Air is the medium of auditory perception, and light is the medium of visual perception. The reasoning now is that just as things can sensibly be taken to have colors in the dark, they can sensibly be taken to produce sounds in a vacuum.. In the above arguments an important role is played ...
Pronunciation: nasal sounds by Yasmina El Bakouri on PreziPronunciation: nasal sounds by Yasmina El Bakouri on Prezi
Nasal sounds By Yasmina El Bakouri & Araceli Gómez Lets practise! Frequent problems /m/ Bilabial /n/ alveolar velar Exercise D Exercise B Exercise C Exercise A /m/ (bilabial) (velar) /n/ (alveolar) Highlights of theory... This sound is made by closing your mouth. Now use your voice to make a sound. The sound is made by putting the tip of your tongue on the roof of your mouth, right behind your teeth. To make this sound, put your tongue up against the roof of the back of your mouth. Now, make a sound using your voice. Contrast between /m/ and /n/ at the end of a word Listen and match the words below with the correct sound Find words which show the contrast between two sounds Make sentences with contrast sound words It doesnt present major problems, except when the sound is in a final position. This sound its similar to the Catalan or Spanish /n/, thats why it doesnt cause too many problems to our students No problematic (middle sound) Why are they ...
Openphysics/Sound - WikiEducatorOpenphysics/Sound - WikiEducator
Intensity - The amount of energy transported by a wave across a unit area per unit of time. The intensity of a sound wave determines the loudness of the sound. The unit of intensity is (W/m2) The lowest intensity the human ear can detect is 10-12 W/m2 The highest intensity the human ear can detect is 1 W/m2 Therefore, the sound range of intensity if 10-12 W/m2 to 1 W/m2 If you increase the intensity of a sound wave by about 10 times, the sound will sound about twice as loud as the original. Sound intensity levels are specified on a logarithmic scale. Unit = bel, named after Alexander Graham Bell. The unit decibel (dB) is more commonly used. (1 dB = 1/10 bel) The sound level is defined in terms of its intensity. Sound level = 10dB * log(I/Io) Io = Standard reference intensity, usually the minimum intesnity audible to a good human ear = 1.0 x 10-12 W/m2 ...
Speed of sound - WikipediaSpeed of sound - Wikipedia
The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. In dry air at 0 °C (32 °F), the speed of sound is 331.2 metres per second (1,087 ft/s; 1,192 km/h; 741 mph; 644 kn). At 20 °C (68 °F), the speed of sound is 343 metres per second (1,125 ft/s; 1,235 km/h; 767 mph; 667 kn), or a kilometre in 2.91 s or a mile in 4.69 s. The speed of sound in an ideal gas depends only on its temperature and composition. The speed has a weak dependence on frequency and pressure in ordinary air, deviating slightly from ideal behavior. In common everyday speech, speed of sound refers to the speed of sound waves in air. However, the speed of sound varies from substance to substance: sound travels most slowly in gases; it travels faster in liquids; and faster still in solids. For example, (as noted above), sound travels at 343 m/s in air; it travels at 1,484 m/s in water (4.3 times as fast as in air); and at 5,120 m/s in iron (about 15 times as fast ...
About Sound Waves | How Sound WorksAbout Sound Waves | How Sound Works
But in fact, sound waves really arent waves at all. Sound waves are actually organized vibrations that pass from molecule to molecule through most any medium. Air, steel, concrete, wood, water, and metal are all made of molecular structure. As a sound vibration is produced, the fluctuations are passed through any of these mediums transferring energy from one particle of the medium to its neighboring particles, much like doing a "wave" at a sporting event.. A good example of this energy transfer can be tested on a billiards table. A tightly racked set of billiards balls will mirror sound wave activity when the cue ball strikes the front ball in the rack. The energy will transfer from ball to ball via structure borne vibration. In a perfect rack, the center 8 ball should not move as the perimeter balls scatter across the table. Sound waves are energy transfers through molecules in the same manner as billiards balls collect and transfer stored energy.. ...
Conducting Metal Oxides Integrated With Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW) Sensors For Use In Harsh Environments - Energy Innovation...Conducting Metal Oxides Integrated With Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW) Sensors For Use In Harsh Environments - Energy Innovation...
The U.S. Department of Energys National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has developed a method for achieving tunable gas sensitivity of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. The innovation implements a class of materials with tunable absolute film conductivities called conducting metal oxides (CMOs), which enables SAW devices to be calibrated for gas sensitivity in diverse harsh-environment conditions.
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00232419 - Characterization of polymeric surface acoustic wave sensor coatings and...NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00232419 - Characterization of polymeric surface acoustic wave sensor coatings and...
The ability of models developed for describing partitioning of organic vapors into polymeric materials in gas liquid chromatography (GLC) to model the responses of polymer coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) vapor sensors was evaluated. SAW vapor sensors operating at 158 megahertz were coated with OV-275, OV-25, poly(phenyl)ether, or poly(isobutylene) (PIB). Arrays of these sensors were exposed to
A New Technique for Surface Acoustic Wave Speed Measurement in Laterally Inhomogeneous Materials | SpringerLinkA New Technique for Surface Acoustic Wave Speed Measurement in Laterally Inhomogeneous Materials | SpringerLink
The technique of measuring surface acoustic wave (SAW) speed of a solid by an acoustic microscope has been known to the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) community for last twenty five years. A number...
Download Torrent Here: SOUND BLASTER CT4780 DRIVER DOWNLOADDownload Torrent Here: SOUND BLASTER CT4780 DRIVER DOWNLOAD
Sound Blaster Ct4780 Driver Anywhere connects your smartphone to your Sound Blaster Ct4780 Driver at home, letting you enjoy your music and media collection no matter where you are. Simply take a few seconds to install the free Sound Blaster Ct4780 Driver light software included with purchase on your Windows Sound Blaster Ct4780 Driver. After establishing a connection, Sound Blaster Ct4780 Driver will display your computers entire Music collection on your smartphone - no matter how massive! You can Sound Blaster Ct4780 Driver download or playback all your media Sound Blaster Ct4780 Driver by streaming them on your smartphone. This allows you to transform your home Sound Blaster Ct4780 Driver into your personal media cloud. Access your media whenever you want, wherever you are! See for yourself today. Sound Blaster Ct4780 Driver for Windows will download, display and save images from the many thousands of webcams available on the internet Sound Blaster Ct4780 Driver monitors up to 1,000 ...
Guinea pigs and high frequency sound waves - Guinea Lynx ForumsGuinea pigs and high frequency sound waves - Guinea Lynx Forums
Dr. Parrack finds that rats and guinea pigs can be killed with high-frequency sound waves, but that man is safe against them because he has no fur. With the fur-bearing animals the sound energy is turned into heat. They die from high-frequency noise because they get so hot that the body proteins coagulate. When the hair is shaved off, there is no such coagulation effect. Man, with his much more efficient skin ventilating system, is safe at energy levels 120 times greater that rats are. ...
Acoustic Tweezers Move Tiny ObjectsAcoustic Tweezers Move Tiny Objects
Acoustic tweezers work by setting up a standing surface acoustic wave. If two sound sources are placed opposite each other and each emits the same wavelength of sound, there will be a location where the opposing sounds cancel each other. This location can be considered a trough. Because sound waves have pressure, they can push very small objects, so a cell or nanoparticle will move with the sound wave until it reaches the trough where there is no longer movement. The particle or cell will stop and fall into the trough ...
2. How is sound measured?2. How is sound measured?
Sound can be measured as a change in pressure when sound waves reach the ear or a measuring device. Sound exposure is usually measured in decibels of sound pressure level (dB SPL), which is a measure of the sound pressure level relative to the lowest hearing threshold of the young, healthy ear set as 0 dB. The scale is logarithmic and a ten-fold increase in the sound pressure level measured corresponds to an increase by 20 dB SPL.
Jumping the banana | I look so I can hear....Jumping the banana | I look so I can hear....
Having been assessed as deaf enough for a cochlear implant, and passing the associated tests, I was wondering how much of an improvement in hearing the implant has given me. Lots of new high frequency sounds have been popping up whilst low frequency sounds have only just started coming back. It has been exactly two…
ISO IEC 60601-1-8 Alarm SoundsISO IEC 60601-1-8 Alarm Sounds
3. Compromise - Chris Thompson - Alarm Sounds. Distinctive as Pattersons sounds are, succesive IEC committees have not endorsed them. Mostly this was, I think, because simpler devices would have found it difficult, technically, to generate such complex sounds. Hence the simpler, more easily generated pulse tones of 9703.2 and 60601-1-8.. None the less, the underlying psychoacoustic principles advocated by Patterson are, I think, entirely valid, as was the concept of providing unique sounds for the main categories of medical alarms. My greatest reservation with the existing 60601-1-8 melodies is that the high priority melodies are too complex. Although the high priority sounds are based on the medium priority melodies, two additional beeps after the base melody confuse the sound greatly, so that each high priority alarm is quite different from its medium priority version. This means that there are almost 13 different sounds to learn, and they can be too easily confused. The general rule of ...
Go Direct® Sound Sensor User Manual | VernierGo Direct® Sound Sensor User Manual | Vernier
There are two Sound Level channels: A-weighted and C-weighted. The A‑weighted channel applies a filter to the sound level reading that mimics the human ears response to loudness and frequency. In most classroom situations, youll want to measure A-weighted sound levels. For more information on the difference between A- and C-weighted sound levels, see www.vernier.com/til/3500. The microphone is located inside the hole in the top of the case. Because the microphone is located inside the sensor, it is helpful to point the microphone hole toward the source of the sounds you are measuring.. When using the sensor, be mindful of the environment around it. Wind blowing across the opening or vibrations from the surface on which it is resting can cause the sensor to read much higher sound levels than it should. When collecting data, place the sensor on a soft surface or hold the sensor in your hand to separate the microphone from extraneous vibrations.. Example Sound Levels. ...
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Why Do People Like Loud Sound? A Qualitative Study | HTMLIJERPH | Free Full-Text | Why Do People Like Loud Sound? A Qualitative Study | HTML
Many people choose to expose themselves to potentially dangerous sounds such as loud music, either via speakers, personal audio systems, or at clubs. The Conditioning, Adaptation and Acculturation to Loud Music (CAALM) Model has proposed a theoretical basis for this behaviour. To compare the model to data, we interviewed a group of people who were either regular nightclub-goers or who controlled the sound levels in nightclubs (bar managers, musicians, DJs, and sound engineers) about loud sound. Results showed four main themes relating to the enjoyment of loud sound: arousal/excitement, facilitation of socialisation, masking of both external sound and unwanted thoughts, and an emphasis and enhancement of personal identity. Furthermore, an interesting incidental finding was that sound levels appeared to increase gradually over the course of the evening until they plateaued at approximately 97 dBA Leq around midnight. Consideration of the data generated by the analysis revealed a complex of influential
Preterm infants sympathetic arousal and associated behavioral responses to sound stimuli in the neonatal intensive care unit<...Preterm infants' sympathetic arousal and associated behavioral responses to sound stimuli in the neonatal intensive care unit<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Preterm infants sympathetic arousal and associated behavioral responses to sound stimuli in the neonatal intensive care unit. AU - Salavitabar, Arash. AU - Doheny, Kim Kopenhaver. AU - Adkins, Cherie S.. AU - Susman, Elizabeth J.. AU - Palmer, Charles. AU - Storm, Hanne. PY - 2010/1/1. Y1 - 2010/1/1. N2 - PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility of skin conductance (SC) as a measure of autonomic arousal to sound stimuli in preterm infants. DESIGN: A pilot cross-sectional, correlations study. SUBJECTS: Eleven preterm infants with a mean gestational age of 31.6 weeks without anomalies or conditions associated with neurodevelopmental delay composed the sample. METHODS: On days 5-7 of life, the following infant responses were simultaneously recorded in response to naturally occurring sound stimuli in the NICU: real-time measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturations; sympathetic-mediated sweating via SC; and behavioral responses using the Newborn Individualized ...
Patent US8000609 - Communicating or reproducing an audible sound - Google PatentsPatent US8000609 - Communicating or reproducing an audible sound - Google Patents
The present invention relates to the communication or reproduction of sound, in particular audible sound. There is provided a method of communicating a sound, including the steps of: transmitting, onto an optical link, pairs of signal copies, the signal copies of a given pair having a time offset relative to one another; applying the audible sound to the optical link, such that the audible sound causes a phase modulation to the transmitted signal copies; receiving modulated signal copies previously transmitted onto the link; and, for received pairs of signal copies, causing one signal copy of a pair to mix with the other signal copy of that pair so as to produce a signal representative of the sound. The sound is an audible sound. It has been found that a delay of at least 75 micro seconds allows for a better reproduction of audio sounds, since these have a relatively low frequency content.
Patent US9683884 - Selective audio/sound aspects - Google PatentsPatent US9683884 - Selective audio/sound aspects - Google Patents
Certain aspects relate to providing an at least one audio source to at least one user. Certain aspects relate to selectively modifying an at least one first sound source to be provided to the at least one user, wherein the at least one first sound source is combined with an at least one second sound source, and wherein the selectively modifying is performed relative to the at least one audio source based at least in part on at least some specific information of the at least one first sound source. Other aspects relate to selectively modifying the at least one first sound source to be provided to the at least one user relative to the at least one second sound source based at least in part on at least some specific information of the at least one first sound source.
Songbirds use pulse tone register in two voices to generate low-frequency sound | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B:...Songbirds use pulse tone register in two voices to generate low-frequency sound | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B:...
We provide evidence for pulse register phonation in the songbird syrinx, which can be generated by all possible interactions of the two sound sources, but typically involves the use of both sound generators and always gives rise to sounds with a rich harmonic structure. Since sounds were induced in deeply anaesthetized crows, the short labial opening events and the alternation of opening between the left and right sound generators must reflect passive mechanical dynamics of the vocal organ. The alternation pattern indicates coupling between the two sound sources, which might include mechanical coupling presumably via the semilunar membrane and/or direct acoustic coupling. Muscular control of the observed vibration pattern is highly unlikely. Even if the thoracic compression induces a reflex-like neural response, the syringeal muscles would not be fast enough to account for rapid opening events of 1.5 ms duration (Elemans et al. 2004; Rome 2006). We therefore conclude that the observed vibratory ...
Cavitation | Asta Skin and Body CareCavitation | Asta Skin and Body Care
Ultrasonic Cavitation is a no surgery and no anesthesia method of liposuction that destroys intractable fat cells by using low frequency sound waves. This type of sound waves can destroy the fat cells without causing damage to any other tissue or organs. Ultrasonic therapy forces a powerful sound wave to the fat cell membranes. The fat cell membranes succumbs to the pressure, is reduced to liquid and is expelled through the bodys normal metabolic method. Ultrasonic Cavitation destroys fat cells at such a rate and in such a quantity that fat storage is significantly reduced or eliminated. Clients sees the results and are pleased with the increase of their bodys fat cell metabolism.. Ultrasonic Cavitation therapy makes it possible to apply concentrated levels of ultrasonic energy to specific treatment areas. This type of therapy targets and destroys subcutaneous fat cell membranes through a series of microscopic implosions. Once the fat cell membrane is destroyed, the fat cell is discharged ...
MISOPHONIA: A DISORDER OF EMOTION PROCESSING OF SOUNDS | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & PsychiatryMISOPHONIA: A DISORDER OF EMOTION PROCESSING OF SOUNDS | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
Objective Sounds of chewing, breathing, keyboard typing are considered by most people as normal sounds and are ignored as background sounds in everyday listening. However, for a group of people these sounds are not only distracting but also evoke a strong feeling of anger accompanied by an urge to escape from the situation producing these sounds. This condition, marked by sensitivity to a selective group of sounds, was given the name "misophonia" (hatred of sounds) almost a decade ago. Since the sounds that act as "triggers" in this condition are quite common at home, work place and in social gatherings, misophonia has devastating effects on social, family and personal life of the sufferer. Presently misophonia is not featured in any official medical/psychiatric classifications. People with misophonia suffer in silence because they do not share their problem with others for the fear of being called "crazy". The objective of the current work was to check the consistency of profile of symptoms ...
3D holophonics sounds and holophonics mp3 | Personal development blog: well-being, happiness3D holophonics sounds and holophonics mp3 | Personal development blog: well-being, happiness
Holophonics are binaural recording system created by Hugo Zuccarelli. Holophonics are based on the assumption that the auditory system acts as an interferometer, where electromagnetic waves are superimposed in order to extract information about the waves.. 3D holophonics relies on phase variance, just like stereophonic sound. Holophonics sounds are most clearly heard through headphones, though can be demonstrated to be effective with 2 channel stereo speakers, as long as they are phase coherent. In a 1983 article on the New Scientist, Hugo Zuccarelli stated that the human auditory system is a sound emitter, producing a reference sound that combines with incoming sound to form an interference pattern inside the ear. The nature of this pattern is sensitive to the direction of the incoming sound. According to the hypothesis, the cochlea detects and analyzes this pattern as if it were an acoustic hologram. The brain then interprets this data and infers the direction of the sound. Recordings released ...
Xilisoft Sound Recorder 1.0.48.0109 - Capable of recording sound from diverse sources, Xilisoft Sound Recorder makes...Xilisoft Sound Recorder 1.0.48.0109 - Capable of recording sound from diverse sources, Xilisoft Sound Recorder makes...
Capable of recording sound from diverse sources Xilisoft Sound Recorder makes your computer a professional sound recording studio This perfect sound recorder software can record sound and voice from any sound card linein and lineout from
Product review for Sound Oasis Sleep Sound Therapy System S-650-02 -Tinnitus Relief 36 sounds Clock - Borderless Healthcare -...Product review for Sound Oasis Sleep Sound Therapy System S-650-02 -Tinnitus Relief 36 sounds Clock - Borderless Healthcare -...
Includes SLEEP RELAXATION WELLNESS + EAR THERAPY + SPA RETREAT Sound Cards Doctor recommended and Clinically proven therapy sounds 36 High Fidelity Sounds to Calm and Relax people of any age Product features: Next Generation Sound Cards for 24 high fidelity soothing sound therapy Worlds only sound card technology additional cards available Doctor recommended, Clinically…
Transducers assist in development of sheep shear - The Engineer The EngineerTransducers assist in development of sheep shear - The Engineer The Engineer
The sensors, which are based on SAW (surface acoustic wave) technology, are being used by the company as an aid to evaluating the performance of miniature electric motors.. To address motor-selection issues and, in particular, to assist in the development of a handheld sheep shear, Lister Shearing decided to set up a motor test rig that would allow the performance of motors from various suppliers to be compared quickly and easily.. A key requirement for this rig was that it should be able to accurately determine the torque produced by each motor and its speed under a range of operating conditions.. Torqsense sensors depend on surface acoustic wave transducers that comprise of two thin metal electrodes, in the form of interlocking fingers, on a piezoelectric substrate such as quartz.. When an RF signal of the correct frequency is applied to the transducer, surface acoustic waves are set up and the transducer behaves as a resonant circuit.. The essential feature, however, is that, if the substrate ...
X-ray , Ultrasound & Blood pressure - Robin Lewis VetsX-ray , Ultrasound & Blood pressure - Robin Lewis Vets
Some conditions that affect your pet arent always evident during a clinic examination, which is why diagnostics such as X-rays, ultrasound and blood pressure monitors are used.. Here at Robin Lewis we use both X-ray and ultrasound technology to help get to the source of the problem quickly.. Both procedures are examples of medical imaging; both are painless and non-invasive.. Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves and is a useful tool for imaging soft tissue such as the liver, bladder, heart and kidneys.. Our team will use an ultrasound probe, which sends out pulses of very high frequency sound, which penetrate the bodys tissues. Some of the sound waves are reflected when they meet an internal surface. The probe measures these reflected waves to create an image on screen.. X-rays on the other hand produce images of the inside of the body and are an effective way of looking at bones as well as some soft tissue. Animals must be anaethetised or sedated to prevent movement during the procedure ...
Phonetics and Phonology: Classifying Consonants: How sounds are madePhonetics and Phonology: Classifying Consonants: How sounds are made
In addition to the place and manner of articulation, we can say that a consonant is voiced or voiceless. Put your fingers on your Adams apple for a moment and say something. Can you feel the vibrations? Thats because your vocal chords are being used. If a sound is voiced, it is because the vocal chords are used. But we dont always used our vocal chords to make consonant sounds - in fact, almost half of the consonant phonemes in English are voiceless, meaning that there is no movement made in our larynx. You may come across some classifications which refer to aspirated and unaspirated sounds rather than voiced and voiceless. This can be a little confusing, as generally voiced sounds are unaspitated and voiceless ones are aspirated. Aspiration refers to the airflow that is produced, and theres an easy test we can do to find out if a phoneme is aspirated or not. Put your hand, or even better, a sheet of paper, in front of your mouth. Now make the sound /b/. Does it move? Now make the sound /p/. ...
LAB 21 HS - 헵시바 멀티미디어LAB 21 HS - 헵시바 멀티미디어
LAB 21 HS is a loudspeaker system suited to high-quality sound reinforcement of infra-low frequencies. It comprises a NdFeB 21" long-excursion woofer magnet (6.5″ voice coil). Loading is a hybrid waveguide indirect radiation system able to completely recover low frequency sound pressure emitted from the rear of its 21" woofer, which means an increase in sensitivity of 6 dB SPL.. In other words, with the same input voltage, this system gives an additional 6 dB over the entire low frequency band compared to the same speaker used in a closed cabinet and, on average, an additional 3 dB compared to what the same speaker would give at low frequencies if used with a horn-loaded, reflex or band-pass system. The fact that the sound is generated by two masses of air moved by a single diaphragm, greatly benefiting attack velocity in the transitory frequencies, results in deep, very clean low frequencies.. Intended as a complete system, the LAB 21 HS ensures very high electro-acoustic transduction ...
Perceiving and Reenacting Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Walking Sounds<...Perceiving and Reenacting Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Walking Sounds<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Perceiving and Reenacting Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Walking Sounds. AU - Young, William. AU - Rodger, Matthew. AU - Craig, Cathy M. PY - 2013/4/1. Y1 - 2013/4/1. N2 - Many studies have examined the processes involved in recognizing types of human action through sound, but little is known about whether the physical characteristics of an action (such as kinetic and kinematic parameters) can be perceived and imitated from sound. Twelve young healthy adults listened to recordings of footsteps on a gravel path taken from walks of different stride lengths (SL) and cadences. In 1 protocol, participants performed a real-time reenactment of the walking action depicted in a sound sample. Second, participants listened to 2 different sound samples and discriminated differences in SL. In a 2nd experiment, these procedures were repeated using synthesized sounds derived from the kinetic interactions between the foot and walking surface. A 3rd experiment examined the influence of altered ...
New sensor ensures hospitals are hygienic - RedorbitNew sensor ensures hospitals are hygienic - Redorbit
British scientists say they have created a sensor capable of measuring localized ultrasonic cavitations in research that will help hospitals remain hygienic.. Cavitations occur when bubbles implode in a liquid when a high frequency sound wave is applied. The researchers said their sensor, the first of its kind, will help hospitals ensure that their instruments are properly disinfected before they are used on patients.. Cavitation is used throughout the United Kingdoms National Health Service by doctors and dentists to clean and disinfect surgical instruments. A high frequency sound wave is passed through a disinfecting liquid to create bubbles that implode. The force of each implosion removes contaminate particles from surrounding materials.. Until now there has been no accurate method of identifying how much cavitation takes place at different locations in a cleaning system, and therefore no measurable way to ensure the cleaning process is effective. The researchers said the new sensor, ...
Auralex Acoustics 1 inch Wedge StudioFoam Sound Absorption Panels Purple 20 pack 1SF24PURAuralex Acoustics 1 inch Wedge StudioFoam Sound Absorption Panels Purple 20 pack 1SF24PUR
Free shipping on the Auralex Acoustics 1 inch Wedge StudioFoam Sound Absorption Panels Purple 20 pack 1SF24PUR. Perfect for those environments that demand good sound control, but where complete acoustic absorption isnt required or desired. 1 inch Studiofoam Wedges work most effectively on mid and high frequency sound waves and may be used to acoustically treat walls or ceilings especially if they arent parallel to the floor.
Articles - The College of Sound HealingArticles - The College of Sound Healing
The College of Sound Healing offers Sound Healing with qualified Sound Healers, healing with Sound and Sound Therapy, and Sound Healing Training for you to learn Healing with the Voice. The College of Sound Healing web site includes links to qualified practitioners and further resources.
Cititrax Sound Effects Volume 9, Ambiences & Public Places, Sound Effects - StockMusic.comCititrax Sound Effects Volume 9, Ambiences & Public Places, Sound Effects - StockMusic.com
Start your sound effects search by typing in a keyword in the panel above - or browsing through a sound effects category below. When you find what youre looking for, purchase and download sound effects immediately - fully licensed for use in your productions. All sound effects downloads are available in both WAV and MP3 formats here at StockMusic.com. Your single sound effects purchase entitles you to download both files - as many times as you want. And our standard license entitles you to use the same files as many times as you want for no extra fee. Selected Sound Effects CDs are also Available to Purchase for Download as zip files - scroll down this page to see some of the available selections ...
Cititrax Sound Effects Volume 7, Ambiences & Public Places, Sound Effects - StockMusic.comCititrax Sound Effects Volume 7, Ambiences & Public Places, Sound Effects - StockMusic.com
Start your sound effects search by typing in a keyword in the panel above - or browsing through a sound effects category below. When you find what youre looking for, purchase and download sound effects immediately - fully licensed for use in your productions. All sound effects downloads are available in both WAV and MP3 formats here at StockMusic.com. Your single sound effects purchase entitles you to download both files - as many times as you want. And our standard license entitles you to use the same files as many times as you want for no extra fee. Selected Sound Effects CDs are also Available to Purchase for Download as zip files - scroll down this page to see some of the available selections ...
NeuroDojo: May 2013NeuroDojo: May 2013
The wax moth doesnt hear equally well across the range. It is particularly good at picking up sounds in the 60 kHz range. For the wax moths to hear the end frequency sounds, they have to be much louder. At 60 kHz, the wax moths can pick up sounds of a volume about 50 decibels of sound pressure level (dB SPL); at 300 kHz, the sound has to be more like 90 dB SPL. Thats a loud sound. And at the very high end (280-300 kHz), some of the moths dont respond at all to even loud sounds, suggesting this is near the upper limit of their hearing ...
US7072482B2 - Microphone with improved sound inlet port - Google PatentsUS7072482B2 - Microphone with improved sound inlet port - Google Patents
A microphone comprises a housing defining an inner volume and including a first exterior surface with an aperture leading to the inner volume. The microphone includes a transducing assembly within the housing for converting sound into an electrical signal. A sound inlet plate defines, typically in combination with the first exterior surface, a passageway for transmitting sound to the aperture The passageway receives the sound from an opening in the sound inlet plate. The opening is offset from the location at which the aperture is positioned on the exterior surface. The sound inlet plate is made very thin so that it does not extend substantially away from the housing.
Sloba Radanovic Interviju Mp3 Sound - Mp3 SoundSloba Radanovic Interviju Mp3 Sound - Mp3 Sound
Download Sloba Radanovic Interviju Mp3 Sound. Free Sloba Radanovic Interviju mp3 sound download. Latest Sloba Radanovic Interviju mp3 sound for download. Free add to library Sloba Radanovic Interviju mp3 sound on mp3sound.net
Introduction to Nondestructive TestingIntroduction to Nondestructive Testing
Ultrasonic testing uses the same principle as is used in naval SONAR and fish finders. Ultra-high frequency sound is introduced into the part being inspected and if the sound hits a material with a different acoustic impedance (density and acoustic velocity), some of the sound will reflect back to the sending unit and can be presented on a visual display. By knowing the speed of the sound through the part (the acoustic velocity) and the time required for the sound to return to the sending unit, the distance to the reflector (the indication with the different acoustic impedance) can be determined. The most common sound frequencies used in UT are between 1.0 and 10.0 MHz, which are too high to be heard and do not travel through air. The lower frequencies have greater penetrating power but less sensitivity (the ability to "see" small indications), while the higher frequencies dont penetrate as deeply but can detect smaller indications.. The two most commonly used types of sound waves used in ...
Introduction to Nondestructive TestingIntroduction to Nondestructive Testing
Ultrasonic testing uses the same principle as is used in naval SONAR and fish finders. Ultra-high frequency sound is introduced into the part being inspected and if the sound hits a material with a different acoustic impedance (density and acoustic velocity), some of the sound will reflect back to the sending unit and can be presented on a visual display. By knowing the speed of the sound through the part (the acoustic velocity) and the time required for the sound to return to the sending unit, the distance to the reflector (the indication with the different acoustic impedance) can be determined. The most common sound frequencies used in UT are between 1.0 and 10.0 MHz, which are too high to be heard and do not travel through air. The lower frequencies have greater penetrating power but less sensitivity (the ability to "see" small indications), while the higher frequencies dont penetrate as deeply but can detect smaller indications.. The two most commonly used types of sound waves used in ...
Alexandria (album)Alexandria (album)
Dbi YoungD'bi Young
Culture in AberdeenCulture in Aberdeen
The Flying Circus of PhysicsThe Flying Circus of Physics
Nordic Music DaysNordic Music Days
Tuning forkTuning fork
Shock of DaylightShock of Daylight
Birth of public radio broadcastingBirth of public radio broadcasting
High-end audioHigh-end audio
Stop Faking It! (book series)Stop Faking It! (book series)
Holland TheaterHolland Theater
Thunder UpThunder Up
Heads and HeartsHeads and Hearts
Frederick SladeFrederick Slade
InfrasoundInfrasound
1910 in radio1910 in radio
Tony BoveTony Bove
History of RISC OSHistory of RISC OS
Supernatural abilities in Scientology doctrineSupernatural abilities in Scientology doctrine
Flag BuildingFlag Building
From the Lions MouthFrom the Lions Mouth
John TyndallJohn Tyndall
Light-vented bulbulLight-vented bulbul
Jeopardy (album)Jeopardy (album)
White Rose TransmissionWhite Rose Transmission
Runnin Riot (band)Runnin' Riot (band)
Blown bottleBlown bottle
Geography of IndianaGeography of Indiana
This Is the SixThis Is the Six
Foxing (band)Foxing (band)
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth Care
SoundSound LocalizationHeart SoundsSound SpectrographyAcoustic StimulationAuditory PerceptionAcousticsAuditory PathwaysHearingAuditory CortexNoiseEvoked Potentials, AuditoryPsychoacousticsRespiratory SoundsAuditory ThresholdHeart AuscultationAuscultationVocalization, AnimalAnimal CommunicationPhonocardiographyMusicInferior ColliculiSpeech PerceptionPhoneticsPitch PerceptionEcholocationAir SacsLoudness PerceptionCochlear NervePattern Recognition, PhysiologicalSpeechTympanic MembraneEarPitch DiscriminationEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemCochleaStethoscopesTinnitusStrigiformesReaction TimeChiropteraCuesEar CanalEar AuricleHearing Loss, Noise-InducedSpeech AcousticsOlivary NucleusVibrationPerceptual MaskingBone ConductionAudiometryAuditory Perceptual DisordersNoise, OccupationalHeart MurmursGryllidaeBrain MappingFunctional LateralityStapesArticulation DisordersBasilar MembraneTime PerceptionSignal Detection, PsychologicalKinetocardiographyUltrasonicsTime FactorsHyperacusisAudiometry, Pure-ToneMagnetoencephalographyCochlear ImplantsHair Cells, AuditorySignal Processing, Computer-AssistedIllusionsNeuronsHearing Loss, CentralChinchillaVoiceSpeech Production MeasurementDeafnessPhonationAction PotentialsHearing TestsDiscrimination (Psychology)Cochlear Microphonic PotentialsPerciformesOtoacoustic Emissions, SpontaneousEar, MiddleDolphinsAmplifiers, ElectronicSpeech Articulation TestsNoise, TransportationModels, NeurologicalPressureCatsHair Cells, Auditory, InnerOrthopteraHearing LossAnalysis of VarianceGerbillinaeElectroencephalographyHearing Loss, ConductiveEar OssiclesEar, ExternalLanguageTransducersHearing Aids
2. How is sound measured?2. How is sound measured?
Sounds (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)Sounds (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
whales/submarine sound sourceswhales/submarine sound sources
Sound - WikipediaSound - Wikipedia
Sound Engineering TechniciansSound Engineering Technicians
Sound barrier - WikipediaSound barrier - Wikipedia
sound(4)sound(4)
sound(4)sound(4)
Albany Sound Memory SurveyAlbany Sound Memory Survey
Speech Sound DisordersSpeech Sound Disorders
Noise | Sound | MedlinePlusNoise | Sound | MedlinePlus
DESCARADOS | Movement & Sound Improvisation | FlickrDESCARADOS | Movement & Sound Improvisation | Flickr
Project MUSE - Chasing SoundProject MUSE - Chasing Sound
SOUND JUDGEMENT - Sun SentinelSOUND JUDGEMENT - Sun Sentinel
Sound into Light - latimesSound into Light - latimes
Building a sound portfolioBuilding a sound portfolio
Sound production | animal | BritannicaSound production | animal | Britannica
Mighty Sound - Baltimore SunMighty Sound - Baltimore Sun
Lost & Found Sound : NPRLost & Found Sound : NPR
Sound | HowStuffWorksSound | HowStuffWorks
Ultrasonic SoundUltrasonic Sound
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture / Mailing ListsAdvanced Linux Sound Architecture / Mailing Lists
Deep Owl - Sound, Light, Camera - YouTubeDeep Owl - Sound, Light, Camera - YouTube
Absolute Sound Live DJ Mix + SessionAbsolute Sound Live DJ Mix + Session
Sounds of Hell?Sounds of Hell?
Sound of Vision | POV | PBSSound of Vision | POV | PBS
Sound and Noise Education ModuleSound and Noise Education Module
Electrical Energy: Sound Scientific Solutions - EnglishElectrical Energy: Sound Scientific Solutions - English
Rich Waters in Puget SoundRich Waters in Puget Sound
Sound - Sound absorption | Britannica.comSound - Sound absorption | Britannica.com
Sound Therapy ArticlesSound Therapy Articles
Sound Pressure LevelsSound Pressure Levels
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth Care
SoundSound LocalizationHeart SoundsSound SpectrographyAcoustic StimulationAuditory PerceptionAcousticsAuditory PathwaysHearingAuditory CortexNoiseEvoked Potentials, AuditoryPsychoacousticsRespiratory SoundsAuditory ThresholdHeart AuscultationAuscultationVocalization, AnimalAnimal CommunicationPhonocardiographyMusicInferior ColliculiSpeech PerceptionPhoneticsPitch PerceptionEcholocationAir SacsLoudness PerceptionCochlear NervePattern Recognition, PhysiologicalSpeechTympanic MembraneEarPitch DiscriminationEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemCochleaStethoscopesTinnitusStrigiformesReaction TimeChiropteraCuesEar CanalEar AuricleHearing Loss, Noise-InducedSpeech AcousticsOlivary NucleusVibrationPerceptual MaskingBone ConductionAudiometryAuditory Perceptual DisordersNoise, OccupationalHeart MurmursGryllidaeBrain MappingFunctional LateralityStapesArticulation DisordersBasilar MembraneTime PerceptionSignal Detection, PsychologicalKinetocardiographyUltrasonicsTime FactorsHyperacusisAudiometry, Pure-ToneMagnetoencephalographyCochlear ImplantsHair Cells, AuditorySignal Processing, Computer-AssistedIllusionsNeuronsHearing Loss, CentralChinchillaVoiceSpeech Production MeasurementDeafnessPhonationAction PotentialsHearing TestsDiscrimination (Psychology)Cochlear Microphonic PotentialsPerciformesOtoacoustic Emissions, SpontaneousEar, MiddleDolphinsAmplifiers, ElectronicSpeech Articulation TestsNoise, TransportationModels, NeurologicalPressureCatsHair Cells, Auditory, InnerOrthopteraHearing LossAnalysis of VarianceGerbillinaeElectroencephalographyHearing Loss, ConductiveEar OssiclesEar, ExternalLanguageTransducersHearing Aids
WavesVibrationsDecibelsUltrasoundAcousticLoudStimuliVibrationAcousticsConvertsSignalsTransducerWaveLoudnessTinnitusDetectHearing thresholdBarrierSystemContentHealingProducesEffectsRealisticFrequenciesLevelSpontaneouslyMetersBack and fHearNoise
Waves12
Vibrations3
  • From a dog's bark to a referee's whistle, from a baby's cry to a rock concert, the sound we hear is caused by vibrations that create fluctuations in the atmosphere much like a tuning fork will produce. (controlnoise.com)
  • He elevated sound to a science by studying vibrations and the correlation between frequency and the source of sound. (element14.com)
  • In the Discorsi Galileo thought out the vibrating complexion of sounds, and asserted that the pitch was correlated with the number of vibrations. (element14.com)
Decibels2
Ultrasound1
  • Sound Surgical markets leading surgical and non-invasive body shaping products utilizing ultrasound technology. (mdtmag.com)
Acoustic2
Loud6
  • Why Do People Like Loud Sound? (mdpi.com)
  • Many people choose to expose themselves to potentially dangerous sounds such as loud music, either via speakers, personal audio systems, or at clubs. (mdpi.com)
  • To compare the model to data, we interviewed a group of people who were either regular nightclub-goers or who controlled the sound levels in nightclubs (bar managers, musicians, DJs, and sound engineers) about loud sound. (mdpi.com)
  • Results showed four main themes relating to the enjoyment of loud sound: arousal/excitement, facilitation of socialisation, masking of both external sound and unwanted thoughts, and an emphasis and enhancement of personal identity. (mdpi.com)
  • Consideration of the data generated by the analysis revealed a complex of influential factors that support people in wanting exposure to loud sound. (mdpi.com)
  • Loud sound causes damage to the auditory system, and is regarded as annoying with serious impacts on physical and mental health [ 1 ]. (mdpi.com)
Stimuli4
Vibration3
  • Every sound we hear is the result of a sound source that has induced a vibration. (controlnoise.com)
  • As a sound vibration is produced, the fluctuations are passed through any of these mediums transferring energy from one particle of the medium to its neighboring particles, much like doing a "wave" at a sporting event. (controlnoise.com)
  • As the sound source produces its vibration, the energy transfer begins to reflect off all six surfaces in a room faster than we can blink, and begin returning back into the room. (controlnoise.com)
Acoustics2
  • Medial theories - exemplified by mainstream acoustics - locate sounds in the medium between the resonating object and the hearer. (stanford.edu)
  • Acoustics (from the Greek word akoustos which means "heard") is the science of how sound is produced, transmitted, controlled, and the effects of sound. (element14.com)
Converts2
Signals1
  • The navigation rules for meeting head-on, crossing, and overtaking situations are examples of when sound signals are required. (boat-ed.com)
Transducer1
  • Your project can be anything involving sound or using a transducer for converting one form of energy into another. (element14.com)
Wave7
  • Let's start with a basic understanding of the sound wave. (controlnoise.com)
  • A tightly racked set of billiards balls will mirror sound wave activity when the cue ball strikes the front ball in the rack. (controlnoise.com)
  • Sound wave behavior actually radiates outward from its source like a pebble wave in a pond, traveling along at an average speed of 770 mph. (controlnoise.com)
  • As we teach in our course here at the Academy, a Hertz is equal to one sound wave cycle per second as is illustrated at the top of this page. (controlnoise.com)
  • In our course on the Decibel, we learn that as a sound wave travels over distance and time, the intensity of the wave will decrease. (controlnoise.com)
  • Your project can involve electroacoustic transducers that convert a sound wave to some form of electric signal such as loudspeakers, microphones, particle velocity sensors, hydrophones and sonar projectors. (element14.com)
  • Electret microphones and condenser microphones employ electrostatics-as the sound wave strikes the microphone's diaphragm, it moves and induces a voltage change. (element14.com)
Loudness5
  • This subjective or perceived magnitude of a sound by an individual is called its loudness. (europa.eu)
  • The loudness of a sound is not equal with its sound pressure level and differs for different frequencies. (europa.eu)
  • In order to assess loudness of a sound the isophonic curves are explored. (europa.eu)
  • While sound pressure measurements should give a reading of the sound pressure in dB SPL , in the context of human hearing it is more practical to provide also a value which corresponds more closely to the hearing sensation or loudness in phones. (europa.eu)
  • The A, B, and C filters used currently in sound-level meters were aimed at mimicking isoloudness curves over frequency under different conditions of sound intensities, i.e. for sounds of low, medium, and high loudness levels, respectively (IEC 651, 1979). (europa.eu)
Tinnitus2
Detect1
Hearing threshold3
Barrier1
System3
  • In current practice, the A- weighting curve filter is used to weight sound pressure levels as a function of frequency, approximately in accordance with the frequency response characteristics of the human auditory system for pure tones. (europa.eu)
  • Sound Surgical's non-invasive [email protected] Shape system targets cellulite by heating fatty tissue in conjunction with lymphatic massage. (mdtmag.com)
  • Sound healing therapy helps to restore Harmony and Balance to the body's biological rhythms and processes, re-establishing correct functioning of the Endocrine system (the glands) and thus releasing powerful healing hormones such as endorphins and serotonins into the body. (harmonicsounds.com)
Content1
Healing3
  • You do NOT need to be sick to experience the deep healing and relaxing power of a Sound Therapy Treatment. (harmonicsounds.com)
  • Sound Healing instruments are used, some of which are applied to the physical body, others played around the body in the subtle energy fields and energy centres (chakras). (harmonicsounds.com)
  • Tuning Forks, Singing Bowls (both Tibetan and Quartz Crystal singing bowls), and the amazing Monochord Sound Treatment Bed are just some of the Sound Healing tools used in a Sound Therapy Session. (harmonicsounds.com)
Produces1
Effects6
  • Since the sounds that act as "triggers" in this condition are quite common at home, work place and in social gatherings, misophonia has devastating effects on social, family and personal life of the sufferer. (bmj.com)
  • Start your sound effects search by typing in a keyword in the panel above - or browsing through a sound effects category below. (stockmusic.com)
  • When you find what you're looking for, purchase and download sound effects immediately - fully licensed for use in your productions. (stockmusic.com)
  • All sound effects downloads are available in both WAV and MP3 formats here at StockMusic.com. (stockmusic.com)
  • Your single sound effects purchase entitles you to download both files - as many times as you want. (stockmusic.com)
  • Selected Sound Effects CDs are also Available to Purchase for Download as zip files - scroll down this page to see some of the available selections. (stockmusic.com)
Realistic2
Frequencies3
Level1
Spontaneously1
Meters2
  • Vessels less than 39.4 feet (12 meters) in length, which includes PWC, must have some way of making an efficient sound signal. (boat-ed.com)
  • Vessels that are 39.4 feet (12 meters) or more in length must have a sound-producing device that can produce an efficient sound signal. (boat-ed.com)
Back and f1
  • If you pluck a string, it vibrates back and forth, transmitting sound energy into the hollow wooden body of the guitar, making it resonate and amplifying the sound. (element14.com)
Hear1
  • while the sound originates at a distance and we can hear that it is coming from a direction and even place, and while there is no auditory experience of hearing that the sound is where we are, the sound that we hear is nonetheless where we are (p. 447). (stanford.edu)
Noise1
Name with no Sound - the afterthought - YouTube
Name with no Sound - the afterthought - YouTube (youtube.com)
How Sight and Sound Can Trick Your Brain
How Sight and Sound Can Trick Your Brain (livescience.com)
Marbeya Sound Upcoming Shows - Live Nation
Marbeya Sound Upcoming Shows - Live Nation (livenation.com)
North Kitsap Herald, December 20, 2013 by Sound Publishing - issuu
North Kitsap Herald, December 20, 2013 by Sound Publishing - issuu (issuu.com)
Earth Times: show/new-disney-sound-artist-ksm,867656.shtml
Earth Times: show/new-disney-sound-artist-ksm,867656.shtml (earthtimes.org)
Lipo-flavonoid wiki, buzzing in ear sound, treat depression with vitamins
Lipo-flavonoid wiki, buzzing in ear sound, treat depression with vitamins (s3.amazonaws.com)
Samsung Sound Bar 3.1Ch HW-M550 - Specs & Features | Samsung India
Samsung Sound Bar 3.1Ch HW-M550 - Specs & Features | Samsung India (samsung.com)
ZTE Axon 7 review: The brightest sound - comments - page 2
ZTE Axon 7 review: The brightest sound - comments - page 2 (gsmarena.com)
CDC sounds alarm over deadly drug-resistant salmonella - CNN
CDC sounds alarm over deadly drug-resistant salmonella - CNN (edition.cnn.com)
Puget Sound Working Cats : The Humane Society of the United States
Puget Sound Working Cats : The Humane Society of the United States (humanesociety.org)
Technicolor Web of Sound
Technicolor Web of Sound (techwebsound.com)
Life In Cartoon Motion - Mika Sounds
Life In Cartoon Motion - Mika Sounds (mikasounds.com)
Apple, Cisco back Microsoft in protesting U.S. warrant for overseas data - Puget Sound Business Journal
Apple, Cisco back Microsoft in protesting U.S. warrant for overseas data - Puget Sound Business Journal (bizjournals.com)
Pro Co Sound StageMaster Snake 16 Channel Stagebox SMA1204FBQ-25
Pro Co Sound StageMaster Snake 16 Channel Stagebox SMA1204FBQ-25 (bhphotovideo.com)
Pro Co Sound RoadMaster Snake 32 Channel Stagebox RM2408FBQ-50
Pro Co Sound RoadMaster Snake 32 Channel Stagebox RM2408FBQ-50 (bhphotovideo.com)
Rangers Reaction: 'Development' plan sounds like a rebuild | Fort Worth Star-Telegram
Rangers Reaction: 'Development' plan sounds like a rebuild | Fort Worth Star-Telegram (star-telegram.com)
Jennifer Garner's High-Protein Breakfast Smoothie Sounds Delicious
Jennifer Garner's High-Protein Breakfast Smoothie Sounds Delicious (womenshealthmag.com)
Year-Round Fruit Crisp | Puget Sound Fresh
Year-Round Fruit Crisp | Puget Sound Fresh (pugetsoundfresh.org)
Lexus LC500 - same V8 engine, more torque, better sound | CarAdvice
Lexus LC500 - same V8 engine, more torque, better sound | CarAdvice (caradvice.com.au)
Sound Tribe Sector 9 Live at The Palladium on 2003-02-26 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
Sound Tribe Sector 9 Live at The Palladium on 2003-02-26 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive (archive.org)
Sounding out buried nanostructures using subsurface ultrasonic resonance force microscopy | MRS Advances | Cambridge Core
Sounding out buried nanostructures using subsurface ultrasonic resonance force microscopy | MRS Advances | Cambridge Core (cambridge.org)
Fanon Flowers - Chicago-detroit / Studio Sound SS02 - Vinyl
Fanon Flowers - Chicago-detroit / Studio Sound SS02 - Vinyl (deejay.de)
Markelle Fultz says those who doubt his injury 'sound stupid' | Tacoma News Tribune
Markelle Fultz says those who doubt his injury 'sound stupid' | Tacoma News Tribune (thenewstribune.com)
PJ Masks Lights & Sounds Robot | Toys & Character | George
PJ Masks Lights & Sounds Robot | Toys & Character | George (direct.asda.com)
Fountains : Gilderfluke & Co :: Robotics & Sound Systems
Fountains : Gilderfluke & Co :: Robotics & Sound Systems (gilderfluke.com)
Scaring raccoons with barking dog sounds brings Gulf Island ecosystem back to life | CBC News
Scaring raccoons with barking dog sounds brings Gulf Island ecosystem back to life | CBC News (cbc.ca)
P90323747 Kidneys | BMW CCA Puget Sound Chapter
P90323747 Kidneys | BMW CCA Puget Sound Chapter (bmwpugetsound.com)
Heart disease « Tags « RTRFM / The Sound Alternative
Heart disease « Tags « RTRFM / The Sound Alternative (rtrfm.com.au)
Br-SDC8 : Gilderfluke & Co :: Robotics & Sound Systems
Br-SDC8 : Gilderfluke & Co :: Robotics & Sound Systems (gilderfluke.com)
Sound and Solids: Visualizing Vibrations | PBS LearningMedia
Sound and Solids: Visualizing Vibrations | PBS LearningMedia (pbslearningmedia.org)
Modem-Internet : Gilderfluke & Co :: Robotics & Sound Systems
Modem-Internet : Gilderfluke & Co :: Robotics & Sound Systems (gilderfluke.com)