Food Preservatives
Sodium Nitrite
Decarboxylation
Cinnamates
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Clostridium botulinum
Encyclopedias as Topic
Aminocaproates
Oxidation-Reduction
Methodological issues in biomonitoring of low level exposure to benzene. (1/146)
Data from a pilot study on unmetabolized benzene and trans,trans muconic acid (t,t-MA) excretion in filling station attendants and unexposed controls were used to afford methodological issues in the biomonitoring of low benzene exposures (around 0.1 ppm). Urinary concentrations of benzene and t,t-MA were measured by dynamic head-space capillary GC/FID and HPLC, respectively. The accuracy of the HPLC determination of t,t-MA was assessed in terms of inter- and intra-method reliability. The adequacy of urinary t,t-MA and benzene as biological markers of low benzene exposure was evaluated by analysing the relationship between personal exposure to benzene and biomarker excretion. Filling station attendants excreted significantly higher amounts of benzene, but not of t,t-MA, than controls. Adjusting for occupational benzene exposure, smokers excreted significantly higher amounts of t,t-MA, but not of unmetabolized benzene, than nonsmokers. A comparative analysis of the present and previously published biomonitoring surveys showed a good inter-study agreement regarding the amount of t,t-MA and unmetabolized benzene excreted (about 0.1-0.2 mg/l and 1-2 micrograms/l, respectively) per unit of exposure (0.1 ppm). For each biomarker, based on the distribution of parameters observed in the pilot study, we calculated the minimum sample size required to estimate the population mean with given confidence and precision. (+info)Evaluation of passive smoking by measuring urinary trans, trans-muconic acid and exhaled carbon monoxide levels. (2/146)
No method has yet been established to evaluate the exposure to tobacco smoke in passive smoking (PS). We therefore conducted a study on the possibility that the levels of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid (MA) and the exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) could be indices of the passive exposure to tobacco smoke. The moderate correlation was observed between urinary MA levels and the number of consumed cigarettes per day in smokers. The mean urinary MA level of the PS (+) group was significantly higher than that with the PS (-) group. Among the PS (+) group, the mean MA level in the urine obtained in the afternoon was higher than that obtained in the morning. A high correlation was observed between the exhaled CO levels and the number of consumed cigarettes per day in smokers. Like the urinary MA level, the mean exhaled CO level in the PS (+) group, too, gave a significantly higher level than in the PS (-) group. Because the biological half life of MA (7.5 +/- 0.85 h) was longer than that of CO (3.0 +/- 0.36 h), the measurement of urinary MA level is recommended for evaluating the exposure of passive smoking. The measurement of exhaled CO levels is useful only for chain smokers and nonsmokers with PS just before measurement. (+info)Determination of the urinary benzene metabolites S-phenylmercapturic acid and trans,trans-muconic acid by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (3/146)
To investigate how various levels of exposure affect the metabolic activation pathways of benzene in humans and to examine the relationship between urinary metabolites and other biological markers, we have developed a sensitive and specific liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric assay for simultaneous quantitation of urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) and trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA). The assay involves spiking urine samples with [13C6]S-PMA and [13C6]t,t-MA as internal standards and clean up of samples by solid-phase extraction with subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring (LC-ES-MS/MS-SRM) in the negative ionization mode. The efficacy of this assay was evaluated in human urine specimens from smokers and non-smokers as the benzene-exposed and non-exposed groups. The coefficient of variation of runs on different days (n = 8) for S-PMA was 7% for the sample containing 9.4 microg S-PMA/l urine, that for t,t-MA was 10% for samples containing 0.07 mg t,t-MA/l urine. The mean levels of urinary S-PMA and t,t-MA in smokers were 1.9-fold (P = 0.02) and 2.1-fold (P = 0.03) higher than those in non-smokers. The mean urinary concentration (+/-SE) was 9.1 +/- 1.7 microg S-PMA/g creatinine [median 5.8 microg/g, ranging from not detectable (1 out of 28) to 33.4 microg/g] among smokers. In non-smokers' urine the mean concentration was 4.8 +/- 1.1 microg S-PMA/g creatinine (median 3.6 microg/g, ranging from 1.0 to 19.6 microg/g). For t,t-MA in smokers' urine the mean (+/-SE) was 0.15 +/- 0.03 mg/g creatinine (median 0.11 mg/ g, ranging from 0.005 to 0.34 mg/g); the corresponding mean value for t,t-MA concentration in non-smokers' urine was 0.07 +/- 0.02 mg/g creatinine [median 0.03 mg/g, ranging from undetectable (1 out of 18) to 0.48 mg/g]. There was a correlation between S-PMA and t,t-MA after logarithmic transformation (r = 0.41, P = 0.005, n = 46). (+info)Analysis of urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid and trans, trans-muconic acid as exposure biomarkers of benzene in petrochemical and industrial areas of Korea. (4/146)
OBJECTIVES: Recently, S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) and trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) in urine have been proposed as reliable biomarkers for monitoring occupational exposure to benzene. The aim of this study was to test the applicability of S-PMA and t,t-MA as exposure biomarkers and to monitor the occupational exposure level and the extent of environmental contamination from benzene in Korea. METHODS: The urinary excretion of S-PMA and t,t-MA in rats after the intraperitoneal administration of benzene (0.88-800 mg/kg body weight, 7 days) was examined. These biomarkers were also validated in human urine samples collected from elementary schoolchildren in several industrial areas including chemical manufacturing plants, oil refineries, and natural gas-producing installations in Korea. Urine was collected from elementary schoolchildren in a mountain village with no known occupational exposure to benzene and air pollution as the reference group. RESULTS: In rats, there was a significant relationship between the benzene concentration and the excretion of the urinary S-PMA and t,t-MA as a function of concentration, and the excretion of benzene metabolites peaked on the first day after intraperitoneal administration. In human urine, higher levels of S-PMA and t,t-MA were detected more frequently in petrochemical industrial areas than in areas with no known occupational exposure to benzene. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the quantitative determination of S-PMA and t,t-MA in urine can be used as a reliable exposure biomarker for benzene, and they also suggest that extensive attention to benzene exposure is needed for maintaining the health of the population in Korea. (+info)Positive and negative control of multidrug resistance by the Sit4 protein phosphatase in Kluyveromyces lactis. (5/146)
The nuclear gene encoding the Sit4 protein phosphatase was identified in the budding yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. K. lactis cells carrying a disrupted sit4 allele are resistant to oligomycin, antimycin, ketoconazole, and econazole but hypersensitive to paromomycin, sorbic acid, and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO). Overexpression of SIT4 leads to an elevation in resistance to paromomycin and to lesser extent tolerance to sorbic acid, but it has no detectable effect on resistance to 4-NQO. These observations suggest that the Sit4 protein phosphatase has a broad role in modulating multidrug resistance in K. lactis. Expression or activity of a membrane transporter specific for paromomycin and the ABC pumps responsible for 4-NQO and sorbic acid would be positively regulated by Sit4p. In contrast, the function of a Pdr5-type transporter responsible for ketoconazole and econazole extrusion, and probably also for efflux of oligomycin and antimycin, is likely to be negatively regulated by the phosphatase. Drug resistance of sit4 mutants was shown to be mediated by ABC transporters as efflux of the anionic fluorescent dye rhodamine 6G, a substrate for the Pdr5-type pump, is markedly increased in sit4 mutants in an energy-dependent and FK506-sensitive manner. (+info)Growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum in moldy tomato juice. (6/146)
Tomato juice inoculated with Cladosporium sp. or Penicillium sp. developed pH gradients with the upper portions near the mold mats having pH values near neutrality and the lower portions remaining more acid. Clostridium botulinum spores in these moldy tomato juices germinated, grew out, and produced toxin. (+info)Reactions involved in the lower pathway for degradation of 4-nitrotoluene by Mycobacterium strain HL 4-NT-1. (7/146)
In spite of the variety of initial reactions, the aerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds generally yields dihydroxy intermediates for ring cleavage. Recent investigation of the degradation of nitroaromatic compounds revealed that some nitroaromatic compounds are initially converted to 2-aminophenol rather than dihydroxy intermediates by a number of microorganisms. The complete pathway for the metabolism of 2-aminophenol during the degradation of nitrobenzene by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 has been elucidated previously. The pathway is parallel to the catechol extradiol ring cleavage pathway, except that 2-aminophenol is the ring cleavage substrate. Here we report the elucidation of the pathway of 2-amino-4-methylphenol (6-amino-m-cresol) metabolism during the degradation of 4-nitrotoluene by Mycobacterium strain HL 4-NT-1 and the comparison of the substrate specificities of the relevant enzymes in strains JS45 and HL 4-NT-1. The results indicate that the 2-aminophenol ring cleavage pathway in strain JS45 is not unique but is representative of the pathways of metabolism of other o-aminophenolic compounds. (+info)Lack of specificity of trans,trans-muconic acid as a benzene biomarker after ingestion of sorbic acid-preserved foods. (8/146)
The benzene metabolite, trans,trans-muconic acid (MA), has been shown to be a sensitive and specific biomarker for ambient benzene exposure levels as low as approximately 0.5 ppm. However, at lower exposure levels, the use of MA as a benzene biomarker is complicated by the fact that it is also a metabolite of the food preservative, sorbic acid. To better assess the extent of this interference, MA was measured in sequential spot urine samples over a 2-day study period from eight volunteers (four adults and two parent-children pairs) who consumed two sorbic acid-preserved foods. Large increases in MA concentration were seen after ingestion of both foods. Individual peaks ranged as high as 1673.7 ng/ml (705.3 ng/mg creatinine) in adults and 1752.1 ng/mg creatinine (1221.3 ng/ml) in children. Ratios of peak to baseline values varied from 2.5 to 60. The average peak in the seven subjects who showed an increase in MA after ingestion of the first sorbic acid-containing food was 531.1 ng/ml (693.2 ng/mg creatinine). The average in the seven participants who ingested the second food was 1102.1 ng/ml (795.3 ng/mg creatinine). Twenty-four-hour personal air benzene levels were all low (< or = 5.6 ppb). Substantial variation in MA results were seen in some males related to creatinine adjustment. These data indicate that sorbic acid-preserved foods have the potential to cause substantial interference with MA as a biomarker for both occupational and environmental benzene exposure in populations, such as in the United States, where consumption of preserved foods is common. Development of methods to minimize and/or assess sorbic acid interference will improve MA specificity in such populations. (+info)Sorbic acid is a chemical compound that is commonly used as a preservative in various food and cosmetic products. Medically, it's not typically used as a treatment for any specific condition. However, its preservative properties help prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold, which can improve the safety and shelf life of certain medical supplies such as ointments and eye drops.
The chemical structure of sorbic acid is that of a carboxylic acid with two double bonds, making it a unsaturated fatty acid. It's naturally found in some fruits like rowanberries and serviceberries, but most commercial sorbic acid is synthetically produced.
Food-grade sorbic acid is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and it has a wide range of applications in food preservation, including baked goods, cheeses, wines, and fruit juices. In cosmetics, it's often used to prevent microbial growth in products like creams, lotions, and makeup.
It is important to note that some people may have allergic reactions to sorbic acid or its salts (sorbates), so caution should be exercised when introducing new products containing these substances into personal care routines or diets.
Food preservatives are substances added to foods to prevent or slow down spoilage caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and molds, or to retard quality deterioration due to oxidation or other chemical reactions. They work by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, preventing enzymatic reactions that cause spoilage, or scavenging oxygen that can lead to food degradation. Examples of commonly used food preservatives include sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sulfites, and nitrites. It is important to note that while food preservatives play a crucial role in maintaining the safety and quality of our food supply, excessive consumption of certain preservatives may have adverse health effects.
Sodium nitrite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2. Medically, it is used as a vasodilator and an antidote for cyanide poisoning. It is a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder that is very soluble in water and moderately soluble in alcohol. In solution, it is easily oxidized to sodium nitrate (NaNO3), which is stable and less toxic.
In the food industry, sodium nitrite is used as a preservative and coloring agent in meat and fish products. It helps prevent the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Clostridium botulinum, which can cause botulism. However, under certain conditions, sodium nitrite can react with proteins in food to form potentially carcinogenic compounds, so its use is regulated.
Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group from a molecule and releases carbon dioxide (CO2) as a result. In the context of medical chemistry, decarboxylation is a crucial process in the activation of certain acidic precursor compounds into their biologically active forms.
For instance, when discussing phytocannabinoids found in cannabis plants, decarboxylation converts non-psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) into psychoactive delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) through the removal of a carboxyl group. This reaction typically occurs when the plant material is exposed to heat, such as during smoking or vaporization, or when it undergoes aging.
In summary, decarboxylation refers to the chemical process that removes a carboxyl group from a molecule and releases CO2, which can activate certain acidic precursor compounds into their biologically active forms in medical chemistry.
Cinnamates are organic compounds that are derived from cinnamic acid. They contain a carbon ring with a double bond and a carboxylic acid group, making them aromatic acids. Cinnamates are widely used in the perfume industry due to their pleasant odor, and they also have various applications in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
In a medical context, cinnamates may be used as topical medications for the treatment of skin conditions such as fungal infections or inflammation. For example, cinnamate esters such as cinoxacin and ciclopirox are commonly used as antifungal agents in creams, lotions, and shampoos. These compounds work by disrupting the cell membranes of fungi, leading to their death.
Cinnamates may also have potential therapeutic benefits for other medical conditions. For instance, some studies suggest that cinnamate derivatives may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, making them promising candidates for the development of new drugs to treat diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects and determine their safety and efficacy in humans.
Unsaturated fatty acids are a type of fatty acid that contain one or more double bonds in their carbon chain. These double bonds can be either cis or trans configurations, although the cis configuration is more common in nature. The presence of these double bonds makes unsaturated fatty acids more liquid at room temperature and less prone to spoilage than saturated fatty acids, which do not have any double bonds.
Unsaturated fatty acids can be further classified into two main categories: monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). MUFAs contain one double bond in their carbon chain, while PUFAs contain two or more.
Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid (a MUFA found in olive oil), linoleic acid (a PUFA found in vegetable oils), and alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 PUFA found in flaxseed and fish). Unsaturated fatty acids are essential nutrients for the human body, as they play important roles in various physiological processes such as membrane structure, inflammation, and blood clotting. It is recommended to consume a balanced diet that includes both MUFAs and PUFAs to maintain good health.
'Aspergillus niger' is a species of fungi that belongs to the genus Aspergillus. It is a ubiquitous microorganism that can be found in various environments, including soil, decaying vegetation, and indoor air. 'Aspergillus niger' is a black-colored mold that produces spores that are easily dispersed in the air.
This fungus is well known for its ability to produce a variety of enzymes and metabolites, some of which have industrial applications. For example, it is used in the production of citric acid, which is widely used as a food additive and preservative.
However, 'Aspergillus niger' can also cause health problems in humans, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying lung conditions. It can cause allergic reactions, respiratory symptoms, and invasive aspergillosis, a serious infection that can spread to other organs in the body.
In addition, 'Aspergillus niger' can produce mycotoxins, which are toxic compounds that can contaminate food and feed and cause various health effects in humans and animals. Therefore, it is important to prevent the growth and proliferation of this fungus in indoor environments and food production facilities.
Acetonitrile is an organic compound with the formula CH3CN. It is a colorless liquid that is used as a solvent and in the production of various chemicals. Acetonitrile is weakly basic and polar, and it has a unique smell that is often described as unpleasant or sweet.
Acetonitrile is not considered to be a medication or a drug, so it does not have a medical definition. However, it is sometimes used in the medical field as a solvent for various applications, such as in the preparation of pharmaceutical products or in laboratory research. It is important to handle acetonitrile with care, as it can be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or contacted with the skin.
Mycelium is not a specifically medical term, but it is a biological term used in fungi and other organisms. Medically, it might be relevant in certain contexts such as discussing fungal infections. Here's the general definition:
Mycelium (my-SEE-lee-um) is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. It is the underground portion of the fungus that supports the growth of the organism and is often responsible for the decomposition of organic material. Mycelium can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and dead or living organisms.
Hydrogen-ion concentration, also known as pH, is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (to the base 10) of the hydrogen ion activity in a solution. The standard unit of measurement is the pH unit. A pH of 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic, and greater than 7 is basic.
In medical terms, hydrogen-ion concentration is important for maintaining homeostasis within the body. For example, in the stomach, a high hydrogen-ion concentration (low pH) is necessary for the digestion of food. However, in other parts of the body such as blood, a high hydrogen-ion concentration can be harmful and lead to acidosis. Conversely, a low hydrogen-ion concentration (high pH) in the blood can lead to alkalosis. Both acidosis and alkalosis can have serious consequences on various organ systems if not corrected.
'Clostridium botulinum' is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic bacteria that produces one or more neurotoxins known as botulinum toxins. These toxins are among the most potent naturally occurring biological poisons and can cause a severe form of food poisoning called botulism in humans and animals. Botulism is characterized by symmetrical descending flaccid paralysis, which can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular failure, and ultimately death if not treated promptly.
The bacteria are widely distributed in nature, particularly in soil, sediments, and the intestinal tracts of some animals. They can form spores that are highly resistant to heat, chemicals, and other environmental stresses, allowing them to survive for long periods in adverse conditions. The spores can germinate and produce vegetative cells and toxins when they encounter favorable conditions, such as anaerobic environments with appropriate nutrients.
Human botulism can occur through three main routes of exposure: foodborne, wound, and infant botulism. Foodborne botulism results from consuming contaminated food containing preformed toxins, while wound botulism occurs when the bacteria infect a wound and produce toxins in situ. Infant botulism is caused by the ingestion of spores that colonize the intestines and produce toxins, mainly affecting infants under one year of age.
Prevention measures include proper food handling, storage, and preparation practices, such as cooking and canning foods at appropriate temperatures and for sufficient durations. Wound care and prompt medical attention are crucial in preventing wound botulism. Vaccines and antitoxins are available for prophylaxis and treatment of botulism in high-risk individuals or in cases of confirmed exposure.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Aminocaproates are a group of chemical compounds that contain an amino group and a carboxylic acid group, as well as a straight or branched alkyl chain with 6-10 carbon atoms. They are often used in medical settings as anti-fibrinolytic agents, which means they help to prevent the breakdown of blood clots.
One example of an aminocaproate is epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), which is a synthetic analogue of the amino acid lysine. EACA works by inhibiting the activation of plasminogen to plasmin, which is an enzyme that breaks down blood clots. By doing so, EACA can help to reduce bleeding and improve clot stability in certain medical conditions, such as hemophilia or following surgery.
Other aminocaproates include tranexamic acid (TXA) and 4-aminoethylbenzoic acid (AEBA), which also have anti-fibrinolytic properties and are used in similar clinical settings. However, it's important to note that these medications can increase the risk of thrombosis (blood clots) if not used properly, so they should only be administered under the close supervision of a healthcare provider.
Oxidation-Reduction (redox) reactions are a type of chemical reaction involving a transfer of electrons between two species. The substance that loses electrons in the reaction is oxidized, and the substance that gains electrons is reduced. Oxidation and reduction always occur together in a redox reaction, hence the term "oxidation-reduction."
In biological systems, redox reactions play a crucial role in many cellular processes, including energy production, metabolism, and signaling. The transfer of electrons in these reactions is often facilitated by specialized molecules called electron carriers, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD/FADH2).
The oxidation state of an element in a compound is a measure of the number of electrons that have been gained or lost relative to its neutral state. In redox reactions, the oxidation state of one or more elements changes as they gain or lose electrons. The substance that is oxidized has a higher oxidation state, while the substance that is reduced has a lower oxidation state.
Overall, oxidation-reduction reactions are fundamental to the functioning of living organisms and are involved in many important biological processes.
Sorbic acid
Sodium sorbate
Piperylene
1859 in science
Zygosaccharomyces bailii
Potassium sorbate
Calcium sorbate
Parasorbic acid
Triacetic acid lactone
Wine preservatives
Acids in wine
Vinylogy
Crotonaldehyde
Velveeta Shells & Cheese
Nutrinova
Calcium carbonate
Natamycin
Ethenone
Acidity regulator
Volatile acid
August Wilhelm von Hofmann
Cheese sauce
Wine fault
Rhodotorula glutinis
Winemaking
Celanese
Bletting
Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria
Glossary of winemaking terms
Rowan
Sorbic acid - Wikipedia
ISO 5519:2008 - Fruits, vegetables and derived products - Determination of sorbic acid content
Sorbic acid (primary CASRN is 110-44-1) | Pharos
sorbic acid - Cherry's Japanese Cosmetics
Sorbic Acid by HPLC at AAR Lab
Buy sorbic acid online from biggest industrial and food grade chemicals distributor and supplier prakash chemicals agencies
Organic food Healthy Living | Sorbic acid|Potassium sorbate|Food Additives|Food Preservatives|Food Ingredients|WangLong Group...
Contact Urticaria Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
No melamine found in raw milk by nationwide tests, Health Ministry says | Sorbic acid|Potassium sorbate|Food Additives|Food...
DailyMed - TOPCO 4X MEDICATED TOOTHACHE AND GUM GEL- benzocaine gel
Pediatric Contact Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
DailyMed - NYSTATIN AND TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE cream
Burning Mouth Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Anatomy and Physiology, Pathophysiology
Øyenskyggepalett Urban Decay Wild West (255 g) | CDON
Soothe + Renew Multi-Purpose Salve - 50g | Crabtree & Evelyn
Hong Kong Offer 5 Keys To Food Safety | Food Safety News
Mineral Eyeshadow - gabrielcosmetics
Crotonaldehyde | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR
Love Your Body Gift Set - gabrielcosmetics
potassium sorbate food grade list - potassium sorbate food grade for sale
Hellmann's Light Mayonnaise, 15 fl oz
Calendrier de l'Avent
RapidLash - RapidLash Eyelash Enhancing Serum - Beauty Bridge
US9539262B2 - Ophthalmic composition comprising a prostaglandin - Google Patents
XANTHINES - BEECHAM GROUP PLC
Preservative1
- Sorbic acid, or 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural organic compound used as a food preservative. (wikipedia.org)
Potassium3
- Sorbic acid and its salts, especially potassium sorbate and calcium sorbate, are antimicrobial agents often used as preservatives in food and drinks to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
- The E numbers are: E200 Sorbic acid E201 Sodium sorbate E202 Potassium sorbate E203 Calcium sorbate Some molds (notably some Trichoderma and Penicillium strains) and yeasts are able to detoxify sorbates by decarboxylation, producing trans-1,3-pentadiene. (wikipedia.org)
- The preservatives reported were sorbic acid, benzoic acid, potassium sorbate, and sodium sulfite or nitrite [ 11 ], in which some of them have often been used in the food industry. (hindawi.com)
SALICYLIC ACID2
SODIUM BENZOATE1
- Sodium Benzoate.Sorbic Acid. (crabtree-evelyn.co.uk)
Acetic2
- With a pKa of 4.76, sorbic acid is about as acidic as acetic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- The major weak organic acid food preservatives include benzoic, acetic, sorbic, and propionic acids. (scienceoxygen.com)
Sorbate1
- Sorbic acid and sorbate salts have a very low mammalian toxicity and carcinogenicity. (wikipedia.org)
Fatty Acids2
- Our pure coconut based emulsified MCT oil (medium-chain triglycerides) not only provides 6.9 grams of medium chain fatty acids per serving that started the MCT oil craze. (instacart.com)
- Omega 3 Fatty Acids. (petsupplies.com)
Hexadienoic1
- It can also be prepared from isomeric hexadienoic acids, which are available via a nickel-catalyzed reaction of allyl chloride, acetylene, and carbon monoxide. (wikipedia.org)
Citric2
- Why is citric acid used in soft drinks? (scienceoxygen.com)
- Because of its acidic, sour-tasting nature, citric acid is predominantly used as a flavoring and preserving agent, especially in soft drinks and candies. (scienceoxygen.com)
Metabolites1
- Regulatory Norm 7 (1978) provides that, in Brazil, biological monitoring of toluene and xylene is carried out by measuring the urinary metabolites hippuric acid (HA) and methylhippuric acid (MHA), respectively. (hindawi.com)
POLYSORBATE1
- Sorbitol Polysorbate Acids in wine Parasorbic acid Erich Lück, Martin Jager, Nico Raczek (2000). (wikipedia.org)
Crotonaldehyde2
- The traditional route to sorbic acid involves condensation of malonic acid and crotonaldehyde. (wikipedia.org)
- Crotonaldehyde is mainly used in the manufacture of sorbic acid, which is a yeast and mold inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
Organic acid2
- What are the major organic acid food preservatives? (scienceoxygen.com)
- Which is a weak organic acid? (scienceoxygen.com)
Assay1
- 2001. Evaluation of benzene exposure in children living in Campania (Italy) by urinary trans,trans -muconic acid assay. (cdc.gov)
Manufacture1
- Sorbic acid can also be used as an additive for cold rubber, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of some plasticizers and lubricants. (wikipedia.org)
Water1
- In general the salts are preferred over the acid form because they are more soluble in water, but the active form is the acid. (wikipedia.org)
Include1
- Other detoxification reactions include reduction to 4-hexenol and 4-hexenoic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Fruit1
- Heat-resistant bacteria and molds can survive the pasteurization conditions used in high-acid fruit juices. (hindawi.com)
Food1
- Together with sulfite, these compounds constitute the most widely used acid preservatives in industrial food and beverage production. (scienceoxygen.com)
Glycerin1
- Contains a Sterile, Isotonic Solution with a Borate Buffer System, Sodium Chloride, Hypromellose and Glycerin, Plus Sorbic Acid (0.25%) and Edetate Disodium (0.1%) as the Preservatives. (safeway.com)
Lecithin1
- sorbic acid, sunflower lecithin. (barkingbabies.com)
Preservatives1
- A specific RP-HPLC method was developed, validated and applied to identify and quantify preservatives including benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methyl paraben and propyl paraben simultaneously in 50 different products. (banglajol.info)
Benzoic and sorbic acids2
- rokonsal™ bsb-n preservative is a combination of benzoic and sorbic acids in benzyl alcohol. (ashland.com)
- Results: Inactivation of surrogate E. coli at 45, 50, and 55C were 2.87, 3.11, and 3.55 log CFU/ml, respectively, in plain juice (pH 3.4), and 2.64, 3.24, and 5.05 with the addition of benzoic and sorbic acids (pH 3.5). (usda.gov)
Acetic acid1
- With a pKa of 4.76, sorbic acid is about as acidic as acetic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Salts4
- Beginning in the 1980s, sorbic acid and its salts were used as inhibitors of Clostridium botulinum in meat products to replace the use of nitrites, which can produce carcinogenic nitrosamines. (wikipedia.org)
- In general the salts are preferred over the acid form because they are more soluble in water, but the active form is the acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Sorbic acid and sorbate salts have a very low mammalian toxicity and carcinogenicity. (wikipedia.org)
- Muconic acid (COOH) is a naturally occurring chemical molecule that can also be produced from sorbic acid and its salts. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
Food Additives1
- The values were within the maximum allowable ranges for fruit juice (1000 ppm for both benzoic acid and sorbic acid) as suggested by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). (banglajol.info)
Carboxylic acid1
- It's a carboxylic acid with two carboxylic functional groups that's called a dicarboxylic acid. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
Yeast cells2
- Sulfur dioxide or sorbic acid is added after fermentation to kill any additional yeast cells. (calwineries.com)
- Undecylenic acid provided by calcium undecylenate is a monounsaturated fatty acid which inhibits hyphae formation in yeast cells, while sorbic acid has well-known inhibitory action against some undesirable microorganisms. (klaire.com)
Menthol1
- 5 Typically, lactic acid is applied to the skin, although other substances have been used such as capsaicin, ethanol, menthol, 6 and sorbic and benzoic acid. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
Adipic acid1
- Muconic acid derivatives, such as adipic acid and caprolactam, are used to make a variety of products, including PET and other lubricants, carpets, plastics, polymers and textiles which are then utilized as key raw materials to make plastic bottles, pouches, boxes and cans. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
Ingredient1
- Do not use if allergic to any ingredient, including sorbic acid. (safeway.com)
Lubricants2
- Sorbic acid can also be used as an additive for cold rubber, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of some plasticizers and lubricants. (wikipedia.org)
- The industries such as plastics, carpets & textiles, lubricants and others were shut down during the COVID-19 pandemic this decreases the demand for muconic acid. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
Organic2
- Due to the organic acids, rokonsal™ bsb-n preservative may be classified as a mild preservative. (ashland.com)
- Organic compounds composed of amine (-NH) and carboxylic (-COOH) acid. (goldwell.com)
Coli2
- Genetic Toxicity Evaluation of Sorbic Acid in Salmonella/E.coli Mutagenicity Test or Ames Test. (nih.gov)
- The susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to TiO 2 NPs, sorbic acid (SA), benzoic acid (BA), and β-Cyclodextrin-TiO 2 NPs including SA or BA, was studied. (cyclodextrinnews.com)
Naturally1
- Sorbic acid occurs naturally in many plants. (cspinet.org)
Stearic1
- It is made from sorbitol, a sugar alcohol, and stearic acid, which can be derived from either animal or plant sources. (caringconsumer.com)
Ascorbic1
- Thankfully, ascorbic acid or erythorbic acid is now added to cured meats to prevent the formation of N-Nitrosamines. (askmen.com)
Crystalline2
- For the crystalline acid, I suggest the name "sorbic acid", whereby an old name of the malic acid that's found in rowan berries gains new meaning. (wikipedia.org)
- Sorbic acid is a trans acid that occurs in crystalline form and is slightly soluble in water and soluble in ethanol. (padovanamacinazione.it)
Salt1
- It is a salt of sorbic acid, which is synthetically made and considered vegan. (caringconsumer.com)
Yeasts1
- It is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and molds at acid pH values. (ashland.com)
Trans1
- 2001. Evaluation of benzene exposure in children living in Campania (Italy) by urinary trans,trans -muconic acid assay. (cdc.gov)
Product4
- The Asia-Pacific muconic acid market is expected to grow at a rapid pace over the projected period, owing to rising product demand from the textile and automobile industries. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
- The muconic acid market in China is a major industrial hub that will drive future product demand in this area. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
- Product launches, acquisitions, and partnerships are among the leading players' growth tactics, all of which contribute to the global growth of the muconic acid market. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
- Key players focusing on muconic acid, on the other hand, use product launch as a growth strategy to expand their market share. (alliedmarketresearch.com)