Solar Activity
Solar forcing of drought frequency in the Maya lowlands. (1/46)
We analyzed lake-sediment cores from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, to reconstruct the climate history of the region over the past 2600 years. Time series analysis of sediment proxies, which are sensitive to the changing ratio of evaporation to precipitation (oxygen isotopes and gypsum precipitation), reveal a recurrent pattern of drought with a dominant periodicity of 208 years. This cycle is similar to the documented 206-year period in records of cosmogenic nuclide production (carbon-14 and beryllium-10) that is thought to reflect variations in solar activity. We conclude that a significant component of century-scale variability in Yucatan droughts is explained by solar forcing. Furthermore, some of the maxima in the 208-year drought cycle correspond with discontinuities in Maya cultural evolution, suggesting that the Maya were affected by these bicentennial oscillations in precipitation. (+info)Measurements of LET distribution and dose equivalent onboard the Space Shuttle IML-2 (STS-65) and S/MM#4 (STS-79). (2/46)
Space radiation dosimetry measurements have been made onboard the Space Shuttle STS-65 in the Second International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2: 28.5 degrees x 300 km: 14.68 days) and the STS-79 in the 4th Shuttle MIR mission (S/MM#4: 51.6 degrees x 300-400km: 10.2 days). In these measurements, three kinds of detectors were used; one is a newly developed active detector telescope called "Real-time Radiation Monitoring Device (RRMD-I for IML-2 and RRMD-II with improved triggering system for S/MM#4)" utilizing silicon semi-conductor detectors and the other detectors are conventional passive detectors of thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) and CR-39 plastic track detectors. The main contribution to dose equivalent for particles with LET > 5.0 keV/micrometer (IML-2) and LET > 3.5 keV/micrometer (S/MM#4) is seen to be due to galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and the contribution of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is less than 5% (IML-2: 28.5 degrees x 300 km) and 15% (S/MM#4: 51.6 degrees x 400 km) in the above RRMD LET detection conditions. For the whole LET range (> 0.2 kev/micrometer) obtained by TLDs and CR-39 in these two typical orbits (a small inclination x low altitude and a large inclination x high altitude), absorbed dose rates range from 94 to 114 microGy/day, dose equivalent rates from 186 to 207 microSv/day and average quality factors from 1.82 to 2.00 depending on the locations and directions of detectors inside the Spacelab at the highly protected IML-2 orbit (28.5 degrees x 300 km), and also, absorbed dose rates range from 290 to 367 microGy/day, dose equivalent rates from 582 to 651 microSv/day and average quality factors from 1.78 to 2.01 depending on the dosimeter packages around the RRMD-II "Detector Unit" at the S/MM#4 orbit (5l.6 degrees x 400km). In general, it is seen that absorbed doses depend on the orbit altitude (SAA trapped particles contribution dominant) and dose equivalents on the orbit inclination (GCR contribution dominant). The LET distributions obtained by two different types of active and passive detectors, RRMDs and CR-39, are in good agreement for LET of 15 - 200 kev/micrometer and difference of these distributions in the regions of LET < 15 kev/micrometer and LET > 200 kev/micrometer can be explained by considering characteristics of CR-39 etched track formation especially for the low LET tracks and chemical etching conditions. (+info)Space radiation enhancement linked to geomagnetic disturbances. (3/46)
Space radiation dosimetry measurements have been made on board the Space Shuttle. A newly developed active detector called "Real-time Radiation Monitoring Device (RRMD)" was used (Doke et al., 1995; Hayashi et al., 1995). The RRMD results indicate that low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) particles steadily penetrate around the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) without clear enhancement of dose equivalent and some daily periodic enhancements of dose equivalent due to high LET particles are seen at the lower geomagnetic cutoff regions (Doke et al., 1996). We also have been analyzing the space weather during the experiment, and found that the anomalous high-energy particle enhancement was linked to geomagnetic disturbance due to the high speed solar wind from a coronal hole. Additional analysis and other experiments are necessary for clarification of these phenomena. If a penetration of high-energy particles into the low altitude occurs by common geomagnetic disturbances, the prediction of geomagnetic activity becomes more important in the next Space Station's era. (+info)Lunar lava tube radiation safety analysis. (4/46)
For many years it has been suggested that lava tubes on the Moon could provide an ideal location for a manned lunar base, by providing shelter from various natural hazards, such as cosmic radiation, meteorites, micrometeoroids, and impact crater ejecta, and also providing a natural environmental control, with a nearly constant temperature, unlike that of the lunar surface showing extreme variation in its diurnal cycle. An analysis of radiation safety issues on lunar lava tubes has been performed by considering radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and Solar Particle Events (SPE) interacting with the lunar surface, modeled as a regolith layer and rock. The chemical composition has been chosen as typical of the lunar regions where the largest number of lava tube candidates are found. Particles have been transported all through the regolith and the rock, and received particles flux and doses have been calculated. The radiation safety of lunar lava tubes environments has been demonstrated. (+info)Activities of the Japanese space weather forecast center at Communications Research Laboratory. (5/46)
The International Space Environment Service (ISES) is an international organization for space weather forecasts and belongs to the International Union of Radio Science (URSI). There are eleven ISES forecast centers in the world, and Communications Research Laboratory (CRL) runs the Japanese one. We make forecasts on the space environment and deliver them over the phones and through the Internet. Our forecasts could be useful for human activities in space. Currently solar activity is near maximum phase of the solar cycle 23. We report the several large disturbances of space environment occurred in 2001, during which low-latitude auroras were observed several times in Japan. (+info)Visualization of particle flux in the human body on the surface of Mars. (6/46)
For a given galactic cosmic ray (GCR) environment, information on the particle flux of protons, alpha particles, and heavy ions, that varies with respect to the topographical altitude on the Martian surface, are needed for planning exploration missions to Mars. The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) mission with its Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) instrument has been providing precise topographical surface map of the Mars. With this topographical data, the particle flux at the Martian surface level through the CO2 atmospheric shielding for solar minimum and solar maximum conditions are calculated. These particle flux calculations are then transported first through an anticipated shielding of a conceptual shelter with several water equivalent shield values (up to 50 g/cm2 of water in steps of 5 g/cm2) considered to represent a surface habitat, and then into the human body. Model calculations are accomplished utilizing the HZETRN, QMSFRG, and SUM-MARS codes. Particle flux calculations for 12 different locations in the human body were considered from skin depth to the internal organs including the blood-forming organs (BFO). Visualization of particle flux in the human body at different altitudes on the Martian surface behind a known shielding is anticipated to provide guidance for assessing radiation environment risk on the Martian surface for future human missions. (+info)Space radiation protection: comparison of effective dose to bone marrow dose equivalent. (7/46)
In many instances, bone marrow dose equivalents averaged over the entire body have been used as a surrogate for whole-body dose equivalents in space radiation protection studies. However, career radiation limits for space missions are expressed as effective doses. This study compares calculations of effective doses to average bone marrow dose equivalents for several large solar particle events (SPEs) and annual galactic cosmic ray (GCR) spectra, in order to examine the suitability of substituting bone marrow dose equivalents for effective doses. Organ dose equivalents are computed for all radiosensitive organs listed in NCRP Report 116 using the BRYNTRN and HZETRN space radiation transport codes and the Computerized Anatomical Man (CAM) model. These organ dose equivalents are then weighted with the appropriate tissue weighting factors to obtain effective doses. Various thicknesses of aluminum shielding, which are representative of nominal spacecraft and SPE storm shelter configurations, are used in the analyses. For all SPE configurations, the average bone marrow dose equivalent is considerably less than the calculated effective dose. For comparisons of the GCR, there is less than a ten percent difference between the two methods. In all cases, the gonads made up the largest percentage of the effective dose. (+info)Global warming: the balance of evidence and its policy implications. A review of the current state-of-the-controversy. (8/46)
Global warming and attendant climate change have been controversial for at least a decade. This is largely because of its societal implications. With the recent publication of the Third Assessment Report of the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change there has been renewed interest and controversy about how certain the scientific community is of its conclusions: that humans are influencing the climate and that global temperatures will continue to rise rapidly in this century. This review attempts to update what is known and in particular what advances have been made in the past 5 years or so. It does not attempt to be comprehensive. Rather it focuses on the most controversial issues, which are actually few in number. They are: Is the surface temperature record accurate or is it biased by heat from cities, etc.?, Is that record significantly different from past warmings such as the Medieval Warming Period?, Is not the sun's increasing activity the cause of most of the warming?, Can we model climate and predict its future, or is it just too complex and chaotic?, Are there any other changes in climate other than warming, and can they be attributed to the warming? Despite continued uncertainties, the review finds affirmative answers to these questions. Of particular interest are advances that seem to explain why satellites do not see as much warming as surface instruments, how we are getting a good idea of recent paleoclimates, and why the 20th century temperature record was so complex. It makes the point that in each area new information could come to light that would change our thinking on the quantitative magnitude and timing of anthropogenic warming, but it is unlikely to alter the basic conclusions. Finally, there is a very brief discussion of the societal policy response to the scientific message, and the author comments on his 2-year email discussions with many of the world's most outspoken critics of the anthropogenic warming hypothesis. (+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but "solar activity" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Solar activity refers to the various phenomena that occur on the Sun, including solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and solar wind. These events involve the release of energy and charged particles from the Sun's atmosphere and can have effects on space weather and technological systems in near-Earth space. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help with those!
Cosmic radiation refers to high-energy radiation that originates from space. It is primarily made up of charged particles, such as protons and electrons, and consists of several components including galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles, and trapped radiation in Earth's magnetic field (the Van Allen belts).
Galactic cosmic rays are high-energy particles that originate from outside our solar system. They consist mainly of protons, with smaller amounts of helium nuclei (alpha particles) and heavier ions. These particles travel at close to the speed of light and can penetrate the Earth's atmosphere, creating a cascade of secondary particles called "cosmic rays" that can be measured at the Earth's surface.
Solar energetic particles are high-energy charged particles, mainly protons and alpha particles, that are released during solar flares or coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun. These events can accelerate particles to extremely high energies, which can pose a radiation hazard for astronauts in space and for electronic systems in satellites.
Trapped radiation in Earth's magnetic field is composed of charged particles that are trapped by the Earth's magnetic field and form two doughnut-shaped regions around the Earth called the Van Allen belts. The inner belt primarily contains high-energy electrons, while the outer belt contains both protons and electrons. These particles can pose a radiation hazard for satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) and for astronauts during spacewalks or missions beyond LEO.
Cosmic radiation is an important consideration for human space exploration, as it can cause damage to living tissue and electronic systems. Therefore, understanding the sources, properties, and effects of cosmic radiation is crucial for ensuring the safety and success of future space missions.
Solar activity and climate
Solar plage
Solar cycle 25
Solar prominence
Solar observation
Solar cycle 24
List of solar storms
Solar cycle
Solar phenomena
Solar cycle 9
Kamenskoe Plateau Observatory
New Jersey
Solar cycle 19
Solar cycle 18
Solar minimum
High frequency
Solar analog
Solar maximum
John D. Hamaker
William James Stewart Lockyer
List of solar cycles
Timeline of solar cells
Khabibullo Abdussamatov
Portion Control (band)
Natchimuthuk Gopalswamy
Frank Hill (scientist)
August 1972 solar storms
Johar Ali Khan
1280s
Henrik Svensmark
Total electron content
Tiny Solar Activity Changes Affect Earth's Climate | Space
No evidence of planetary influence on solar activity | ScienceDaily
Reduced Solar Activity Disguises Global Temperature Rise
NASA to Broadcast Solar Orbiter Launch, Prelaunch Activities - NASA
Solar activity and climate - Wikipedia
ESA Science & Technology - Integration activities of outer solar array
Solar Activity, Reports and Discussions
Low Solar Activity to cause 'Temperatures to Plummet' - Say Scientists
Solar Activity, Reports and Discussions
Solar Activity - Windows to the Universe
Saturn Moon's Activity Could Be 'Curtain Eruptions' - NASA Solar System Exploration
Semiconductor solar energy activity heats up - News
Sunspots, unemployment, and recessions, or Can the solar activity cycle shape the business cycle?
Design a Solar City - Activity - TeachEngineering
Solar Learning Activities
Solar Eclipse activities | British Science Association
Activity Tub: Solar System - Danbury Library
Inter-Division E-F-G Commission Impact of Magnetic Activity on Solar and Stellar Environments | Commissions | IAU
Diminishing solar activity may bring new Ice Age by 2030 - RAEL.ORG
Helsinki Times: 'Hundred-year period of increased solar activity coming to end' - Climate Depot
Sketch of todays solar activity - Observing - Solar - Stargazers Lounge
CDM: Monitoring report for CDM Africa Wind and Solar Programme of Activities for South Africa
Cooking with the Sun - Creating a Solar Oven - Activity - TeachEngineering
SEAL STEM Trunks: Solar Eclipse Activities for Libraries
Origin of the electrocatalytic activity in carbon nanotube fiber counter-electrodes for solar-energy conversion - Nanoscale...
Summary and Activities | EME 812: Utility Solar Power and Concentration
Annular Solar Eclipse - Legends Outlets Kansas City - Outlet Mall, Deals, Restaurants, Entertainment, Events and Activities
Satellite Evidence Affirms Solar Activity Drove 'A Significant Percentage' Of Recent Warming
Monsoons In China Fluctuate In Sync With Solar Activity…No Correlation With CO2
Solar Activity Update & Top Headlines for Sep. 29th - Apparently Apparel
Sunspots16
- Its activity manifests itself as dark sunspots and bright faculae on its visible surface, as well as violent mass ejections and the acceleration of high-energy particles resulting from the release of magnetic energy in its outer atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
- Systematic observations of sunspots since the beginning of the 17th century indicate that solar activity also varies on longer timescales, including periods of very low activity, such as the so-called Maunder minimum between 1640 and 1700. (sciencedaily.com)
- Before the magnetic nature of sunspots and other phenomena were discovered, a popular theory associated the activity cycle with the planetary orbital periods, primarily motivated by the similarity between the approximately 11-yr solar cycle and the 11.87 orbital period of Jupiter. (sciencedaily.com)
- Solar irradiance before the 1970s is estimated using proxy variables, such as tree rings, the number of sunspots, and the abundances of cosmogenic isotopes such as 10Be, all of which are calibrated to the post-1978 direct measurements. (wikipedia.org)
- Solar activity has been on a declining trend since the 1960s, as indicated by solar cycles 19-24, in which the maximum number of sunspots were 201, 111, 165, 159, 121 and 82, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
- Solar activity has entered a deep decline with scientists saying there have already been 100 days this year where the sun has displayed zero sunspots. (bibliotecapleyades.net)
- As the Sun enters a period of 'solar minimum' its activity has decreased, scientists report there have already been 100 days where the sun has displayed zero sunspots. (bibliotecapleyades.net)
- One of the most frequently observed events are solar flares: sudden, localized, transient increases in brightness that occur in active regions near sunspots . (windows2universe.org)
- The amount of solar activity on the Sun is not constant, and is closely related to the typical number of sunspots that are visible. (windows2universe.org)
- The number of sunspots and the levels of solar activity vary with an 11 year period known as the solar cycle . (windows2universe.org)
- Sunspots, unemployment, and recessions, or Can the solar activity cycle shape the business cycle? (repec.org)
- This paper explores the correlation between the solar activity cycles (as measured by the number of sunspots on the sun surface) and the timing of recessions in the US and other economies. (repec.org)
- Learn image processing skills that will help you measure the size of solar sunspots. (montana.edu)
- The formation and decay of strong magnetic fields in the solar atmosphere results in the changes of electromagnetic radiation from the Sun, of the intensity of plasma flows coming from the Sun, and the number of sunspots on the Sun's surface. (rael.org)
- It is known that the sun exhibits an eleven-year solar cycle that corresponds to a change in the number of sunspots and magnetic activity on the sun. (bard.edu)
- This correlation between solar activity and temperature has been critiqued by Schneider … "Over the past few hundred years, there has been a steady increase in the numbers of sunspots, at the time when the Earth has been getting warmer. (com.mk)
Irradiance8
- Patterns of solar irradiance and solar variation have been a main driver of climate change over the millions to billions of years of the geologic time scale. (wikipedia.org)
- Since 1978, solar irradiance has been directly measured by satellites with very good accuracy. (wikipedia.org)
- 6 These measurements indicate that the Sun's total solar irradiance fluctuates by +-0.1% over the ~11 years of the solar cycle, but that its average value has been stable since the measurements started in 1978. (wikipedia.org)
- Arctic paleoclimate, in particular, has linked total solar irradiance variations and climate variability. (wikipedia.org)
- A 2012 paper instead linked the Little Ice Age to volcanism, through an "unusual 50-year-long episode with four large sulfur-rich explosive eruptions," and claimed "large changes in solar irradiance are not required" to explain the phenomenon. (wikipedia.org)
- In a new paper, two astrophysicists shred the IPCC-preferred and model-based PMOD solar data set and affirm the ACRIM, which is rooted in observation and shows an increase in total solar irradiance (TSI) during the 1980-2000 period. (notrickszone.com)
- The paper shows Total Solar Irradiance [TSI] at the end of the 20th century was at the highest levels of the past 5,000 years, and a correspondence between solar activity and Arctic sea ice concentration. (blogspot.com)
- The Possible Role of Solar Activity and Solar Irradiance in Climate Change. (com.mk)
Radiation14
- A 2010 study found that the composition of solar radiation might have changed slightly, with in an increase of ultraviolet radiation and a decrease in other wavelengths. (wikipedia.org)
- Analysis of solar radiation showed that its maxima and minima almost coincide with the maxima and minima in the number of spots. (rael.org)
- Mursula studies space climate, including radiation and particles in our solar system. (climatedepot.com)
- The task is made easier by the large quantity of data available to scientists as solar radiation is being monitored on dozens of wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum. (climatedepot.com)
- Students experiment with heat transfer through conduction by how well the oven is insulated and radiation by how well it absorbs solar radiation. (teachengineering.org)
- First, we looked at the available solar radiation at the earth surface - the input we start with. (psu.edu)
- Hottel, H.C., A Simple Model for Estimating the Transmittance of Direct Solar Radiation Through Clear Atmospheres , Solar Energy , 18, 129 (1976). (psu.edu)
- Solar geoengineering is the deliberate injection of aerosols (metal oxide nanoparticles) into the troposphere to reflect solar radiation back into space. (scienceforums.net)
- Further analysis of the reconstructed SIC record suggests that solar radiation may be an important forcing mechanism behind the historic sea-ice changes. (blogspot.com)
- 2001). The solar cycle also modulates the flux of short-wavelength solar radiation, from ultraviolet to X-ray and influences the frequency of solar flares, coronal mass ejections and other solar eruptive phenomena. (com.mk)
- It is primarily composed of galactic radiation originating outside the solar system in addition to a varying degree of solar radiation. (cdc.gov)
- The atmosphere of the Earth protects us and all life on the planet from cosmic rays, solar ultraviolet radiation and solar winds. (lu.se)
- Air crew are exposed to elevated levels of cosmic ionizing radiation of galactic and solar origin and are among the more highly exposed occupational groups to ionizing radiation in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- Cosmic - radiation dose depends primarily on altitude and geomagnetic latitude and to a lesser degree on solar activity. (cdc.gov)
Flares4
- NOAA forecasters estimate a 70% chance of M-class solar flares and a 25% chance of X-flares on Sept. 30th. (apparentlyapparel.com)
- Solar activity is measured by number of stains on the surface of the Sun, the origin of flares and eruptions. (archynewsy.com)
- NASA data shows clearly that sunspot counts and solar flares are dropping which is a clear indicator that solar activity is receding slightly, which means that the Earth's climate will change, only it won't be getting warmer. (com.mk)
- Solar energetic particles are emitted in association with solar flares and coronal mass ejections and contribute to the production of cosmogenic radionuclides stored in environmental archives, such as ice cores and tree rings. (lu.se)
20233
- These STEM Trunks are part of SSI's Solar Eclipse Activities for Libraries (SEAL) initiative and aim to get people excited about upcoming solar eclipses in 2023 and 2024! (mt.gov)
- Experience the 2023 Annular Solar Eclipse at Legends Outlets! (legendsshopping.com)
- HORAY SOLAR, a leading name in the renewable energy industry, celebrated a triumphant debut in the Saudi Arabian market at the 2023 Saudi Solar Photovoltaic Exhibition. (horaysolar.com)
Variability5
- In addition, climate scientist Gerald Meehl at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and his colleagues suggest that solar variability is leaving a definite imprint on climate, especially in the Pacific Ocean. (space.com)
- Numerous paleoenvironmental reconstructions have looked for relationships between solar variability and climate. (wikipedia.org)
- But the Academy of Finland's Centre of Excellence, the Research on Solar Long-term Variability and Effects (ReSoLVE) team, led by Mursula, is not satisfied with the current state of knowledge. (climatedepot.com)
- The northern annular mode (NAM) has been successfully used in several studies to understand the variability of the winter atmosphere and its modulation by solar activity. (nasa.gov)
- Studying past solar activity can help us to improve the forcing used to drive paleoclimate simulations, and therefore improve our understanding of the climate variability in the past. (lu.se)
Cycles3
- One hypothesis is that these long solar cycles are caused by the gravity forces of the planets in the solar system. (climatedepot.com)
- In addition, from the time series analysis of nitrate ion concentration record, three periods of 11 years, 22 years, and about 90 years, which may correspond to well known as solar activity cycles, were detected simultaneously, and it was established that the nitrate ion concentrations in the Antarctic Dome-Fuji ice core serve as a proxy of past solar activity. (nii.ac.jp)
- Solar cycles, weather conditions, coastal geographic features, and human activities have been proposed as possible causes ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Fluctuations7
- Many of the ways the scientists proposed these fluctuations in solar activity could influence Earth were complicated in nature. (space.com)
- There are hundreds of studies showing that climate fluctuations of the past were in sync with solar activity. (notrickszone.com)
- Numerous studies in the past have shown that solar fluctuations on decadal, century, and millennial scales have had a significant impact on climate development. (notrickszone.com)
- The study clearly shows, yet again, that fluctuations in solar activity do not have the same impact in all regions. (notrickszone.com)
- I monitored the intensity and width of this absorption line over five years (i.e. less than one solar cycle), in order to monitor the effects of changing solar magnetic activity on the absorption line, thereby lending insight to magnetic fluctuations within the sun. (bard.edu)
- The temperature fluctuations in simulated solar minimum conditions are greater than in solar maximum throughout the summer stratosphere. (nasa.gov)
- 3). Experts connect solar fluctuations, planet's climate. (com.mk)
Cycle16
- These six extreme UV images of the sun by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory track the rising level of solar activity as the sun ascends toward the 2013 peak of the current 11-year sunspot cycle, called Solar Cycle 24. (space.com)
- In comparison, the sun varies in the amount of light it emits by only 0.1 percent over the course of a relatively stable 11-year-long pattern known as the solar cycle. (space.com)
- In fact, the sun could currently be on the cusp of a miniature version of the Maunder Minimum, since the current solar cycle is the weakest in more than 50 years. (space.com)
- The frequency with which these phenomena occur varies in a somewhat irregular activity cycle of about 11 years, during which the global magnetic field of the Sun reverses. (sciencedaily.com)
- The solar magnetic field and the activity cycle originate in a self-excited dynamo mechanism based upon convective flows and rotation in the outer third of the solar radius. (sciencedaily.com)
- The spacecraft also will provide the first-ever images of the Sun's poles and the never-before-observed magnetic environment there, which helps drive the Sun's 11-year solar cycle and its periodic outpouring of solar storms. (nasa.gov)
- NOAA-NGDC Solar Cycle Data, 2010. (scirp.org)
- A 2001 paper identified a ~1500 year solar cycle that was a significant influence on North Atlantic climate throughout the Holocene. (wikipedia.org)
- Shifting Pattern of Extraordinary Economic and Social Events in Relation to the Solar Cycle ," MPRA Paper 102163, University Library of Munich, Germany. (repec.org)
- In point of fact PMOD failed to do this, instead selecting the ERBE results that were known to be degraded and sparse, because that made the solar cycle 21-22 trend agrees with TSI proxy models and the CAGW explanation of CO 2 as the driver of the global warming trend of the late 20th century. (notrickszone.com)
- Jing-Song Wang and Liang Zhao from the National Satellite Meteorological Center and the National Climate Center in Peking respectively studied the impact of the 11-year solar activity cycle on June precipitation of various regions in China during the 20th century. (notrickszone.com)
- On this page you will find an overview of the largest sunspot regions from Solar Cycle 23. (spaceweatherlive.com)
- I identified the properties of the Ca II K line, such as the intensity of the line that are correlated with the solar cycle. (bard.edu)
- According to new predictions made by the solar physicists the solar cycle will reach its next maximum of activity earlier than previously planned and with greater intensity. (archynewsy.com)
- Variation in the solar energy flux is caused by variations in solar activity cycle. (com.mk)
- WHO/PQS/E003/PV01: Performance specification: Solar power system for compression-cycle vaccine refrigerator or combined refrigerator and water- pack freezer. (who.int)
Changes in solar activity4
- Even small changes in solar activity can impact Earth's climate in significant and surprisingly complex ways, researchers say. (space.com)
- Information dating even further back can be gathered from drillings on ice caps, which contain isotopes that make it possible to draw conclusions on earlier changes in solar activity. (climatedepot.com)
- The cosmic ray theory of Svensmark et al postulates that small changes in solar activity can have amplified effects upon the climate by inf. (blogspot.com)
- One of the most common sceptical arguments against human-caused climate change is that changes in solar activity, rather than just CO2, is playing the biggest role. (com.mk)
Galactic2
- Increased solar activity reduces galactic cosmic ray fluxes in mid-latitudes, thus reducing the atmospheric conductivity in this region, while at the same time solar protons may be "funnelled" by the Earth's magnetic field to polar regions resulting in an increased atmospheric conductivity there. (com.mk)
- These results extend the bright, hard GeV emission from the disk observed with Fermi-LAT, seemingly due to hadronic Galactic cosmic rays showering on nuclei in the solar atmosphere. (bvsalud.org)
Coronal mass ejec1
- Coronal mass ejections propagate out in the solar wind, where they may encounter the Earth and influence geomagnetic activity. (windows2universe.org)
Particles6
- For instance, solar energetic particles and cosmic rays could reduce ozone levels in the stratosphere. (space.com)
- The gas in the solar corona is at very high temperatures (typically 1-2 million kelvins in most regions) so it is almost completely in a plasma state (made up of charged particles, mostly protons and electrons). (windows2universe.org)
- The engine of the space climate is the sun, which exerts is influence on its environment by emitting light and releasing solar wind, a stream of charged particles. (climatedepot.com)
- All our data on space particles are from the period of heightened solar activity. (climatedepot.com)
- When sunlight strikes a solar cell, light particles known as photons excite the negatively charged electrons that usually occupy a quantum state of energy in the so-called valence band around an atom. (unl.edu)
- Now greenhouse gases and particles are rapidly added by human activities, altering the atmospheric composition and therefore also the climate conditions. (lu.se)
Storms4
- Increased solar activity refers to strong solar winds and electromagnetic eruptions called solar storms. (climatedepot.com)
- the biggest solar storms that, if they are directed towards the Earth, they can damage high-tech systems on which we depend so much, such as radio communication systems, electrical power networks and navigation signals. (archynewsy.com)
- Our knowledge regarding solar particle storms is mostly limited to the advent of neutron monitors in the 1950s, and satellites in the 1970s. (lu.se)
- In the last decade, five extreme solar particle storms were detected in radionuclide records from ice cores and tree rings over the last 10,000 years. (lu.se)
Sun's activity4
- New thread to post info on the sun's activity. (projectavalon.net)
- It's not just the world that's gone into lockdown, the sun's activity has also fallen and scientists warn this could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine. (bibliotecapleyades.net)
- The scientists at the centre want to find out what has occurred in the sun's activity over the past 150 years. (climatedepot.com)
- A lot of people come to SpaceWeatherLive to follow the Sun's activity or if there is aurora to be seen, but with more traffic comes higher server costs. (spaceweatherlive.com)
Reconstructions1
- 2009). Similarly, unidentified climate imprints on 10Be records could lead to erroneous solar activity reconstructions. (lu.se)
Physicists2
- How this energy release occurs, and the relationship between different types of solar activity, is one of the many puzzles facing solar physicists today. (windows2universe.org)
- In collaboration with an international team of colleagues, two UNL physicists have helped reveal the atomic-level mechanisms of a specially fabricated material that could improve the efficiency of solar cells. (unl.edu)
Extreme solar energeti1
- The annual 14 C data in tree rings is an outstanding proxy for uncovering extreme solar energetic particle (SEP) events in the past. (lu.se)
Cosmic2
- The sun's magnetic field has become weak, allowing extra cosmic rays into the solar system. (bibliotecapleyades.net)
- 2007). Due to its cosmic ray origin, the production rate of 10Be is modulated by the solar and geomagnetic shielding, hence providing useful information on changes of solar activity. (lu.se)
Rotation5
- This lesson includes several hands-on activities to familarize yourself with the concept of rotation. (montana.edu)
- You will then use movies made with actual solar images to study the rotation rate of the Sun. (montana.edu)
- Solar flux at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 74.4 ( decreasing 1.7 over the previous solar rotation). (solen.info)
- Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 94.1 - increasing 18.6 over the previous solar rotation. (solen.info)
- Solar flux at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 146 (increasing 23 over the last solar rotation). (solen.info)
Total Solar E3
- A total solar eclipse will darken a swath of North America as the Moon blocks the light of the Sun for a few minutes on April 8, 2024. (nasa.gov)
- In addition to casting a breathtaking, passing shadow over the heads of millions of people, this total solar eclipse gives scientists a unique opportunity to study the Sun, Earth, and their interactions. (nasa.gov)
- A Total Solar Eclipse will happen on April 8, 2024 - mark your calendars! (legendsshopping.com)
Cosmogenic3
- On millennial timescales, paleoclimate indicators have been compared to cosmogenic isotope abundances as the latter are a proxy for solar activity. (wikipedia.org)
- Cosmogenic radionuclides, such as 10Be in ice cores, are excellent tools to reconstruct past solar activity (e.g. (lu.se)
- Records of geomagnetic field variations can also be used to relatively date geologic and archaeological archives and even to infer past changes in the Sun's magnetic field ("solar activity"), exploiting their combined influence on atmospheric production of cosmogenic radionuclides. (lu.se)
NASA2
- EST Sunday, Feb. 9, for the launch of Solar Orbiter, an international collaborative mission between ESA (European Space Agency) and NASA. (nasa.gov)
- A new study using two NASA solar observatories reveals that asteroid 3200 Phaethon's tail is not dusty at all but is actually made of sodium gas. (nasa.gov)
Flux4
- Solar flux measured at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 69.2. (solen.info)
- 1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz. (solen.info)
- We report the first detection of a TeV γ-ray flux from the solar disk (6.3σ), based on 6.1 years of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory. (bvsalud.org)
- The flux shows a strong indication of anticorrelation with solar activity. (bvsalud.org)
17th century1
- In 17th century, though, there was a prolonged reduction in solar activity called the Maunder minimum, which lasted roughly from 1645 to 1700. (rael.org)
Reconstruct2
- To reconstruct solar activity over a millennium with an extremely good time resolution of just one year, the researchers used tree-ring archives from England and Switzerland. (com.mk)
- Using ice core radionuclide data it is possible to reconstruct the spectral hardness and fluence spectra of the events, which are estimated to be about 100 times larger than modern events, as well as their relationship with solar activity levels. (lu.se)
Correlation3
- One historical long-term correlation between solar activity and climate change is the 1645-1715 Maunder minimum, a period of little or no sunspot activity which partially overlapped the "Little Ice Age" during which cold weather prevailed in Europe. (wikipedia.org)
- A quantitative comparison of the anti-correlation between the NAM and the solar forcing is presented in the model and in the observation, both of which show lower/higher NAM index in solar maximum/minimum conditions. (nasa.gov)
- Holly Shaftel Instrumentally measured or reconstructed past climate changes often show positive correlation with solar activity at the wide range of time scales, such as from monthly (Takahashi et al. (com.mk)
Climate change3
- They suggest a "significant percentage" of recent climate change has been solar-driven. (notrickszone.com)
- Detailed knowledge about how climate and human activities influence the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane is needed in order to make the informed and effective decisions needed for combating climate change. (lu.se)
- Improving the knowledge about feedback processes (from e.g. natural and human-induced vegetation changes), regional climate change or the influence of external natural forcing factors (e.g. solar forcing) will narrow down the uncertainties. (lu.se)
Spacecraft4
- Solar Orbiter will observe the Sun with high spatial resolution telescopes and capture observations in the environment directly surrounding the spacecraft to create a one-of-a-kind picture of how the Sun can affect the space environment throughout our solar system. (nasa.gov)
- In recent decades observations of unprecedented accuracy, sensitivity and scope (of both solar activity and terrestrial climate) have become available from spacecraft and show unequivocally that recent global warming is not caused by changes in the Sun. Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula. (wikipedia.org)
- The first of the four quarter sections that make up the solar array's ring-shaped outer part is carried to the Planck spacecraft for integration to the base of the service module. (esa.int)
- A coronal mass ejection and prominence eruption observed in white light from the SMM (Solar Maximum Mission) spacecraft. (windows2universe.org)
Atmosphere2
- Still, "the light reaching the top of the Earth's atmosphere provides about 2,500 times as much energy as the total of all other sources combined," solar physicist Greg Kopp at the University of Colorado told SPACE.com. (space.com)
- Rising above the Sun's chromosphere , the temperature jumps sharply from a few tens of thousands of kelvins to as much as a few million kelvins in the Sun's outer atmosphere, the solar corona. (windows2universe.org)
Eruptions1
- We think most of the observed activity represents curtain eruptions from the 'tiger stripe' fractures, rather than intermittent geysers along them,' said Joseph Spitale, lead author of the study and a participating scientist on the Cassini mission at the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona. (nasa.gov)
Scientists1
- In 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics published a statistical study of the isotopic records of solar activity, in which scientists claimed that there is evidence of planetary influence on solar activity. (sciencedaily.com)
Photovoltaic4
- This report provides a snapshot of the growth and activity in the compound photovoltaic technologies which underpin the solar market. (compoundsemiconductor.net)
- Asif Anwar, Director, Strategy Analytics Strategic Technologies Practice, adds, "Despite the bankruptcy proceedings at Solyndra and Evergreen Solar, photovoltaic device and module manufacturers continue to announce efficiency improvements and capacity expansions. (compoundsemiconductor.net)
- They learn about the benefits of solar power, and how architectural and building engineers integrate photovoltaic panels into the design of buildings. (teachengineering.org)
- Lesson 2 covers fundamental principles of light concentration that are important for a number of solar energy conversion technologies - both thermal and photovoltaic conversion. (psu.edu)
Particle1
- To learn more about how such tiny variations in solar energy might impact terrestrial climate, the National Research Council (NRC) convened dozens of experts in many fields, such as plasma physics, solar activity, atmospheric chemistry, fluid dynamics and energetic particle physics. (space.com)
20221
- 19 November 2022 - Extreme Solar Activity Due to a Special Planetary Alignment? (projectavalon.net)
Explores1
- Students use models to simulate seasonal changes, calculate gravity on other planets, create a phases of the moon slider and more-with an all-in-one kit that explores the solar system hands on! (danburylibrary.org)
Building integrated ph1
- Many new types of solar panels are being develped for building applications, including building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), which create carbon-free electricity on site, while serving as roofing materials, patio overhangs and/or window shading devices. (teachengineering.org)
Processes1
- Solar activity may influence processes linked with trade wind strength. (space.com)
Visible solar disk2
- At midnight the visible solar disk was spotless. (solen.info)
- At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 12 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 219) and 9 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 139) SDO images on the visible solar disk. (solen.info)
Periods8
- Analysis of radioactive isotopes in tree rings and in polar ice sheets show that other such grand minima of solar activity have occurred over the past millenium, and also revealed a number of quasi-periods in the activity variations, ranging from 80 to about 2000 years. (sciencedaily.com)
- Furthermore, detailed statistical analyses have time and again shown that apparent similarities between some planetary periods and solar activity variations were consistent with chance and were statistically insignificant. (sciencedaily.com)
- They compared the quasi-periods found in this data set between 40 and 600 years with periods in the tidal torque exerted on a thin shell in the solar interior, which they assumed to be ellipsoidally deformed. (sciencedaily.com)
- found seemingly striking similarities between the solar and the planetary periods in 5 period bands. (sciencedaily.com)
- The quasi-periods in the isotope data therefore provide no evidence that there is any planetary effect on solar activity. (sciencedaily.com)
- Models indicate that the combination of solar variations and volcanic activity can explain periods of relative warmth and cold between A.D. 1000 and 1900. (wikipedia.org)
- These isotopes indicate that the sun was exceptionally active during the 20th century but periods of even greater activity took place thousands of years ago. (climatedepot.com)
- Data from the paper shows Arctic sea ice concentrations were similar [or less than] the present during the Medieval & Roman Warm Periods & the late Holocene Climate Optimum, when solar activity was relatively high. (blogspot.com)
Temperatures3
- Without the reduction in the solar activity-related contributions the global temperatures would have increased steadily from 1980 to present. (scirp.org)
- The Sun is entering a period of ' solar minimum ' that could cause temperatures to plummet by up to 2 C over 20 years and trigger a global famine, according to experts. (bibliotecapleyades.net)
- The authors find Arctic sea ice was at the highest concentrations during the Little Ice Age [LIA], corresponding to a period of very low solar activity [the LIA is coincidentally when instrumental observations of global temperatures began]. (blogspot.com)
Annular2
- This will be the last annular solar eclipse visible from the continental U.S. until June 21, 2039. (legendsshopping.com)
- Lee, J. N. , S. Hameeda, and D. Shindell (2008), The northern annular mode in summer and its relation to solar activity variations in the GISS ModelE, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 70 , 730-741, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.10.012. (nasa.gov)
Observations2
- We have both direct and indirect observations on solar activity available to us. (climatedepot.com)
- It is based partly on my own observations and analysis, and partly on data from some of these solar data sources . (solen.info)
Forcings1
- A paper under open review for Climate of the Past reconstructs climate and levels of 9 lakes in East Africa and finds the climate of East Africa is highly complex with each lake demonstrating vastly different behavior over the past 1,000 years, despite essentially the same forcings from ENSO and solar activity. (blogspot.com)
Predictions of solar2
- The PMOD rationale for using models to alter the Nimbus7/ERB data was to compensate for the sparsity of the ERBS/ERBE data and conform their gap results more closely to the proxy predictions of solar emission line models of TSI behavior. (notrickszone.com)
- Predictions of solar activity are also very important to be able to carry out planning jobs in electrical companies of communications y aerospace . (archynewsy.com)
Atmospheric composition1
- Under the present atmospheric composition, this past solar luminosity would have been insufficient to prevent water from uniformly freezing. (wikipedia.org)
Influence3
- claimed that there is evidence of planetary influence on solar activity. (sciencedaily.com)
- In the three decades following 1978, the combination of solar and volcanic activity is estimated to have had a slight cooling influence. (wikipedia.org)
- Can solar activity influence the occurrence of economic recessions? (repec.org)
Magnetic field1
- All of these forms of solar activity are believed to be driven by energy release from the solar magnetic field. (windows2universe.org)
Eclipse5
- During British Science Week , on the morning of Friday 20 March 2015, a solar eclipse will be visible over the UK. (britishscienceassociation.org)
- Our activity sheet shows how to use different food to understand what's going on during the Solar Eclipse. (britishscienceassociation.org)
- Good luck, and don't forget to Tweet us your edible eclipse pictures: @ScienceWeekUK #edibleeclipses (Please remember not to look directly at the sun when doing any eclipse activity. (britishscienceassociation.org)
- The BBC has a range of events and activities for the Solar Eclipse, including the return of Dara O Briain and Professor Brian Cox to Jodrell Bank and our TV screens for three consecutive nights starting Wednesday 18 March. (britishscienceassociation.org)
- This is a collection of 180 solar eclipse activity ideas for public libraries to use with patrons! (mt.gov)
Modulation1
- Because of the geomagnetic shielding, the solar modulation of 10Be is strongest at high latitudes. (lu.se)
Next solar1
- This opens new approach for projecting recessions, which can be applied and tested with regard to the next solar maximum in 2013. (repec.org)
Occurrence1
- Journal Article] High-Resolution 10Be and 36Cl Data From the Antarctic Dome Fuji Ice Core (-100 Years Around 5480 BCE): An Unusual Grand Solar Minimum Occurrence? (nii.ac.jp)
Past5
- With a new reconstructed record of solar activity, inferred from the radioactive isotopes of beryllium and carbon in ice cores covering the past 9400 years, Abreu et al. (sciencedaily.com)
- The authors also show, contrary to claims of climate alarmists, that ENSO/El Nino activity at the end of the 20th century was near the lowest levels of the past 1,000 years, and solar activity at the end of the 20th century was at the highest levels of the past 1,000 years. (blogspot.com)
- Second graph shows solar activity at the end of the 20th century was at the highest levels of the past 900 years. (blogspot.com)
- A paper published today in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology reconstructs Arctic sea ice near West Greenland over the past 5,000 years and finds that solar activity "may be an important contributor to the sea-ice changes. (blogspot.com)
- A new post by Dan Pangburn shows that solar activity explains 95% of global temperature change over the past 403 years since 1610, including. (blogspot.com)
Stable1
- Finally, the fine tuning of the metal nanoparticle content and the degree of functionalization enabled fabrication of efficient and stable dye-sensitized solar cells with cobalt electrolytes and CNTf-CEs outperforming those with reference Pt-CEs. (rsc.org)