Sodium dodecyl sulfate. Medical search

An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.

Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Electrophoresis in which discontinuities in both the voltage and pH gradients are introduced by using buffers of different composition and pH in the different parts of the gel column. The term 'disc' was originally used as an abbreviation for 'discontinuous' referring to the buffers employed, and does not have anything to do with the shape of the separated zones.

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

Ion channels that specifically allow the passage of SODIUM ions. A variety of specific sodium channel subtypes are involved in serving specialized functions such as neuronal signaling, CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, and KIDNEY function.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed)

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A type of ion exchange chromatography using diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-CELLULOSE) as a positively charged resin. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.

Ubiquitous macromolecules associated with the cell surface and extracellular matrix of a wide range of cells of vertebrate and invertebrate tissues. They are essential cofactors in cell-matrix adhesion processes, in cell-cell recognition systems, and in receptor-growth factor interactions. (From Cancer Metastasis Rev 1996; 15(2): 177-86; Hepatology 1996; 24(3): 524-32)

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Streptomyces griseus.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Proteoglycans consisting of proteins linked to one or more CHONDROITIN SULFATE-containing oligosaccharide chains.

A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Long-chain polymer of glucose containing 17-20% sulfur. It has been used as an anticoagulant and also has been shown to inhibit the binding of HIV-1 to CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES. It is commonly used as both an experimental and clinical laboratory reagent and has been investigated for use as an antiviral agent, in the treatment of hypolipidemia, and for the prevention of free radical damage, among other applications.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

A method which uses specific precipitation reactions to separate or collect substances from a solution.

Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.

A group of compounds with the general formula M10(PO4)6(OH)2, where M is barium, strontium, or calcium. The compounds are the principal mineral in phosphorite deposits, biological tissue, human bones, and teeth. They are also used as an anticaking agent and polymer catalysts. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Techniques to partition various components of the cell into SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS.

Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using an immunosorbent containing the homologous antigen or antibody.

Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Analogs of those substrates or compounds which bind naturally at the active sites of proteins, enzymes, antibodies, steroids, or physiological receptors. These analogs form a stable covalent bond at the binding site, thereby acting as inhibitors of the proteins or steroids.

Sodium or sodium compounds used in foods or as a food. The most frequently used compounds are sodium chloride or sodium glutamate.

Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as SULFATES and SULFURIC ACID ESTERS respectively.

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

Cetyltrimethylammonium compounds that have cationic detergent, antiseptic, and disinfectant activities. They are used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics as preservatives; on skin, mucous membranes, etc., as antiseptics or cleansers, and also as emulsifiers. These compounds are toxic when used orally due to neuromuscular blockade.

A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Field of chemistry that pertains to immunological phenomena and the study of chemical reactions related to antigen stimulation of tissues. It includes physicochemical interactions between antigens and antibodies.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Proteins found in any species of virus.

Chemical agents that react with SH groups. This is a chemically diverse group that is used for a variety of purposes. Among these are enzyme inhibition, enzyme reactivation or protection, and labelling.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Unstable isotopes of sulfur that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. S 29-31, 35, 37, and 38 are radioactive sulfur isotopes.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Octoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine.

The methyl imidoester of suberic acid used to produce cross links in proteins. Each end of the imidoester will react with an amino group in the protein molecule to form an amidine.

Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.

A nitrocellulose solution in ether and alcohol. Collodion has a wide range of uses in industry including applications in the manufacture of photographic film, in fibers, in lacquers, and in engraving and lithography. In medicine it is used as a drug solvent and a wound sealant.

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

The production of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS by the constituents of a living organism. The biosynthesis of proteins on RIBOSOMES following an RNA template is termed translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). There are other, non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT) mechanisms carried out by PEPTIDE SYNTHASES and PEPTIDYLTRANSFERASES. Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).

A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of SH (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083)

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

The semi-permeable outer structure of a red blood cell. It is known as a red cell 'ghost' after HEMOLYSIS.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which a second electrophoretic transport is performed on the initially separated antigen fragments into an antibody-containing medium in a direction perpendicular to the first electrophoresis.

Chloride and mercury-containing derivatives of benzoic acid.

Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

Esters of the hypothetical imidic acids. They react with amines or amino acids to form amidines and are therefore used to modify protein structures and as cross-linking agents.

Stable sulfur atoms that have the same atomic number as the element sulfur, but differ in atomic weight. S-33, 34, and 36 are stable sulfur isotopes.

A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

Thin layers of tissue which cover parts of the body, separate adjacent cavities, or connect adjacent structures.

A subclass of IMIDES with the general structure of pyrrolidinedione. They are prepared by the distillation of ammonium succinate. They are sweet-tasting compounds that are used as chemical intermediates and plant growth stimulants.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.

Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.

A method of gel filtration chromatography using agarose, the non-ionic component of agar, for the separation of compounds with molecular weights up to several million.

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

A class of drugs that act by inhibition of sodium influx through cell membranes. Blockade of sodium channels slows the rate and amplitude of initial rapid depolarization, reduces cell excitability, and reduces conduction velocity.

Stable sodium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element sodium, but differ in atomic weight. Na-23 is a stable sodium isotope.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Organic esters of sulfuric acid.

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

Colorless, odorless crystals that are used extensively in research laboratories for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis and in organic synthesis, and polymerization. Some of its polymers are used in sewage and wastewater treatment, permanent press fabrics, and as soil conditioning agents.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates. EC 3.1.-.

Compounds containing the -SH radical.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.

Enzymes which transfer sulfate groups to various acceptor molecules. They are involved in posttranslational sulfation of proteins and sulfate conjugation of exogenous chemicals and bile acids. EC 2.8.2.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Viruses whose host is Escherichia coli.

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.

Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

Rupture of bacterial cells due to mechanical force, chemical action, or the lytic growth of BACTERIOPHAGES.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

A 90-amino acid peptide derived from post-translational processing of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in the PITUITARY GLAND and the HYPOTHALAMUS. It is the C-terminal fragment of POMC with lipid-mobilizing activities, such as LIPOLYSIS and steroidogenesis. Depending on the species and the tissue sites, beta-LPH may be further processed to yield active peptides including GAMMA-LIPOTROPIN; BETA-MSH; and ENDORPHINS.

Immature ERYTHROCYTES. In humans, these are ERYTHROID CELLS that have just undergone extrusion of their CELL NUCLEUS. They still contain some organelles that gradually decrease in number as the cells mature. RIBOSOMES are last to disappear. Certain staining techniques cause components of the ribosomes to precipitate into characteristic "reticulum" (not the same as the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM), hence the name reticulocytes.

Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.

Organic compounds that contain the (-NH2OH) radical.

Electrophoresis in which agar or agarose gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

A family of iminourea derivatives. The parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. Derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds within RNA. EC 3.1.-.

Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A group of oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH. In general, enzymes using NADH or NADPH to reduce a substrate are classified according to the reverse reaction, in which NAD+ or NADP+ is formally regarded as an acceptor. This subclass includes only those enzymes in which some other redox carrier is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p100) EC 1.6.

Biophysical characterization of the structure of the amino-terminal region of gp41 of HIV-1. Implications on viral fusion mechanism. (1/1923)

A peptide of 51 amino acids corresponding to the NH2-terminal region (5-55) of the glycoprotein gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was synthesized to study its conformation and assembly. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments indicated the sequence NH2-terminal to the leucine zipper-like domain of gp41 was induced into helix in the micellar solution, in agreement with circular dichroism data. Light scattering experiment showed that the peptide molecules self-assembled in water into trimeric structure on average. That the peptide molecules oligomerize in aqueous solution was supported by gel filtration and diffusion coefficient experiments. Molecular dynamics simulation based on the NMR data revealed a flexible region adjacent to the hydrophobic NH2 terminus of gp41. The biological significance of the present findings on the conformational flexibility and the propensity of oligomerization of the peptide may be envisioned by a proposed model for the interaction of gp41 with membranes during fusion process. (+info)

Molecular dynamics study of substance P peptides partitioned in a sodium dodecylsulfate micelle. (2/1923)

Two neuropeptides, substance P (SP) and SP-tyrosine-8 (SP-Y8), have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in an explicit sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) micelle. Initially, distance restraints derived from NMR nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOE) were incorporated in the restrained MD (RMD) during the equilibration stage of the simulation. It was shown that when SP-Y8 was initially placed in an insertion (perpendicular) configuration, the peptide equilibrated to a surface-bound (parallel) configuration in approximately 450 ps. After equilibration, the conformation and orientation of the peptides, the solvation of both the backbone and the side chain of the residues, hydrogen bonding, and the dynamics of the peptides were analyzed from trajectories obtained from the RMD or the subsequent free MD (where the NOE restraints were removed). These analyses showed that the peptide backbones of all residues are either solvated by water or are hydrogen-bonded. This is seen to be an important factor against the insertion mode of interaction. Most of the interactions come from the hydrophobic interaction between the side chains of Lys-3, Pro-4, Phe-7, Phe-8, Leu-10, and Met-11 for SP, from Lys-3, Phe-7, Leu-10, and Met-11 in SP-Y8, and the micellar interior. Significant interactions, electrostatic and hydrogen bonding, between the N-terminal residues, Arg-Pro-Lys, and the micellar headgroups were observed. These latter interactions served to affect both the structure and, especially, the flexibility, of the N-terminus. The results from simulation of the same peptides in a water/CCl4 biphasic cell were compared with the results of the present study, and the validity of using the biphasic system as an approximation for peptide-micelle or peptide-bilayer systems is discussed. (+info)

The intracellular serpin proteinase inhibitor 6 is expressed in monocytes and granulocytes and is a potent inhibitor of the azurophilic granule protease, cathepsin G. (3/1923)

The monocyte and granulocyte azurophilic granule proteinases elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G are implicated in acute and chronic diseases thought to result from an imbalance between the secreted proteinase(s) and circulating serpins such as alpha1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha1-antichymotrypsin. We show here that the intracellular serpin, proteinase inhibitor 6 (PI-6), is present in monocytes, granulocytes, and myelomonocytic cell lines. In extracts from these cells, PI-6 bound an endogenous membrane-associated serine proteinase to form an sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-stable complex. Using antibodies to urokinase, elastase, proteinase 3, or cathepsin G, we demonstrated that the complex contains cathepsin G. Native cathepsin G and recombinant PI-6 formed an SDS-stable complex in vitro similar in size to that observed in the extracts. Further kinetic analysis demonstrated that cathepsin G and PI-6 rapidly form a tight 1:1 complex (ka = 6.8 +/- 0.2 x 10(6) mol/L-1s-1 at 17 degrees C; Ki = 9.2 +/- 0.04 x 10(-10) mol/L). We propose that PI-6 complements alpha1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha1-antichymotrypsin (which control extracellular proteolysis) by neutralizing cathepsin G that leaks into the cytoplasm of monocytes or granulocytes during biosynthesis or phagocytosis. Control of intracellular cathepsin G may be particularly important, because it has recently been shown to activate the proapoptotic proteinase, caspase-7. (+info)

Single channel analysis of recombinant major outer membrane protein porins from Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae. (4/1923)

We recently demonstrated that the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia psittaci, the primary vaccine candidate for combating chlamydial infections, functions as a porin-like ion channel. In this study, we have cloned, expressed and functionally reconstituted recombinant major outer membrane proteins from C. psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae and analysed them at the single channel level. Both form porin-like ion channels that are functionally similar to those formed by native C. psittaci major outer membrane protein. Also, like the native channels, recombinant C. psittaci channels are modified by a native major outer membrane protein-specific monoclonal antibody. This is the first time that native function has been demonstrated for recombinant chlamydial major outer membrane proteins. Future bilayer reconstitution will provide a strategy for detailed structure/function studies of this new subclass of bacterial porins and the work also has important implications for successful protein refolding and the development of improved subunit vaccines. (+info)

Use of PCR and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis techniques for differentiation of Prevotella intermedia sensu stricto and Prevotella nigrescens. (5/1923)

Primers were designed from 16S rRNA sequences of Prevotella intermedia sensu stricto and Prevotella nigrescens and were used to discriminate these two species by PCR. The results were compared with those from the PCR technique using primers designed from arbitrarily primed PCR products by Guillot and Mouton (E. Guillot and C. Mouton, J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:1876-1882, 1997). The specificities of both assays were studied by using P. intermedia ATCC 25611, P. nigrescens ATCC 33563, 174 clinical isolates of P. intermedia sensu lato, and 59 reference strains and 58 clinical isolates of other Prevotella species and/or common oral flora. In addition, the usefulness and reliability of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the differentiation of the two species were examined by comparing the results with those from PCR assays. The controversial lipase test for distinguishing these species was also carried out. Unambiguous differentiation was made by both PCR assays, and the results matched each other. The SDS-PAGE assay was found to misidentify a few strains tested, compared with the results of PCR assays. The lipase test was positive for both species, including the reference strains of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens. We conclude that both PCR assays are simple, rapid, reliable, and specific methods which could be used in clinical studies and that the lipase test is not valuable in the differentiation. The reliable discrimination of the two species by SDS-PAGE is questionable. (+info)

Mutant and wild type human alpha-synucleins assemble into elongated filaments with distinct morphologies in vitro. (6/1923)

alpha-Synuclein is a soluble presynaptic protein which is pathologically redistributed within intracellular lesions characteristic of several neurodegenerative diseases. Here we demonstrate that wild type and two mutant forms of alpha-synuclein linked to familial Parkinson's disease (Ala30 --> Pro and Ala53 --> Thr) self-aggregate and assemble into 10-19-nm-wide filaments with distinct morphologies under defined in vitro conditions. Immunogold labeling demonstrates that the central region of all these filaments are more robustly labeled than the N-terminal or C-terminal regions, suggesting that the latter regions are buried within the filaments. Since in vitro generated alpha-synuclein filaments resemble the major ultrastructural elements of authentic Lewy bodies that are hallmark lesions of Parkinson's disease, we propose that self-aggregating alpha-synuclein is the major subunit protein of these filamentous lesions. (+info)

PhoP-PhoQ-regulated loci are required for enhanced bile resistance in Salmonella spp. (7/1923)

As enteric pathogens, Salmonella spp. are resistant to the actions of bile. Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella typhi strains were examined to better define the bile resistance phenotype. The MICs of bile for wild-type S. typhimurium and S. typhi were 18 and 12%, respectively, and pretreatment of log-phase S. typhimurium with 15% bile dramatically increased bile resistance. Mutant strains of S. typhimurium and S. typhi lacking the virulence regulator PhoP-PhoQ were killed at significantly lower bile concentrations than wild-type strains, while strains with constitutively active PhoP were able to survive prolonged incubation with bile at concentrations of >60%. PhoP-PhoQ was shown to mediate resistance specifically to the bile components deoxycholate and conjugated forms of chenodeoxycholate, and the protective effect was not generalized to other membrane-active agents. Growth of both S. typhimurium and S. typhi in bile and in deoxycholate resulted in the induction or repression of a number of proteins, many of which appeared identical to PhoP-PhoQ-activated or -repressed products. The PhoP-PhoQ regulon was not induced by bile, nor did any of the 21 PhoP-activated or -repressed genes tested play a role in bile resistance. However, of the PhoP-activated or -repressed genes tested, two (prgC and prgH) were transcriptionally repressed by bile in the medium independent of PhoP-PhoQ. These data suggest that salmonellae can sense and respond to bile to increase resistance and that this response likely includes proteins that are members of the PhoP regulon. These bile- and PhoP-PhoQ-regulated products may play an important role in the survival of Salmonella spp. in the intestine or gallbladder. (+info)

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of oral black-pigmented bacteria induce tumor necrosis factor production by LPS-refractory C3H/HeJ macrophages in a way different from that of Salmonella LPS. (8/1923)

Some lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations from S- or R-form members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and oral black-pigmented bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia) are known to activate LPS-refractory C3H/HeJ macrophages. When contaminating proteins are removed from R-form LPS of Enterobacteriaceae by repurification, however, this ability is lost. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of LPS from P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, Salmonella minnesota, and Salmonella abortusequi to induce production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in gamma interferon-primed C3H/HeJ macrophages before and after repurification. P. abortusequi S-LPS was fractionated by centrifugal partition chromatography into two LPS forms: SL-LPS, having homologous long O-polysaccharide chains, and SS-LPS having short oligosaccharide chains. Prior to repurification, all LPS forms except SL-LPS induced TNF production in both C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN macrophages. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that repurification removed contaminating protein from the preparations, and repurified SS-LPS and S. minnesota Ra-LPS no longer stimulated TNF production in C3H/HeJ macrophages, although C3H/HeN macrophages remained responsive. In contrast, repurified oral bacterial LPS retained the capacity to induce TNF production in C3H/HeJ macrophages. Oral bacterial LPS preparations also were not antagonized by excess inactive, repurified SL-LPS; Ra-LPS; Rhodobacter sphaeroides lipid A, a competitive LPS antagonist, or paclitaxel, an LPS agonist, and they were comparatively resistant to polymyxin B treatment. Nevertheless, oral bacterial LPS was less toxic to D-galactosamine-treated C3H/HeN mice than was LPS from Salmonella. These findings indicate that the active molecule(s) and mode of action of LPS from P. gingivalis and P. intermedia are quite different from those of LPS from Salmonella. (+info)

... (SDS) or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound ... Sodium dodecyl sulfate, appearing as its synonym sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), is considered a generally recognized as safe ( ... The acronym expands to "sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis." Janson, Lee W., 1964- (2012). The big ... Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate appear to be safe in formulations designed for discontinuous, brief use ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_dodecyl_sulfate

For proteins, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is an anionic detergent applied to protein samples to coat proteins in order to ... Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (C12H25NaO4S; mW: 288.38) (only used in denaturing protein gels) is a strong detergent agent used ... Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is a method of separating molecules based on the ... Quandt N, Stindl A, Keller U (1993). "Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis for Mr Estimations of High- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacrylamide_gel_electrophoresis

The combined use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, also known as sodium lauryl sulfate) and polyacrylamide gel allows to ... In addition, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) is used. About 1.4 grams of SDS bind to a gram of protein, corresponding to one SDS ... SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is a discontinuous electrophoretic system developed by ... Manning M, Colón W (2004). "Structural basis of protein kinetic stability: resistance to sodium dodecyl sulfate suggests a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDS-PAGE

Ochs D (1983). "Protein contaminants of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels". Anal Biochem. 135 (2): 470-4. doi:10.1016/ ... 1988). "Improvement and simplification of low-background silver staining of proteins by using sodium dithionite". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_staining

Treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate triggers dissociation of the subunits. The cytoplasmic tail of MUC1 is 72 amino acids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucin_short_variant_S1

Dandruff shampoos often contain sodium dodecyl sulfate, a noted skin irritant. Steroid and tar preparations have also been used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_cap

Sodium dodecyl sulfate Vorvick LJ, Zieve D. "Mouth ulcers on MedlinePlus". A.D.A.M., Inc. Retrieved 27 December 2012. "ulcer". ... do not use toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulphate "Common Mouth Ulcer Causes and Treatments". Take Home Smile. 30 June ... and Herlofson BB, Barkvoll P (October 1994). "Sodium lauryl sulfate and recurrent aphthous ulcers. A preliminary study". Acta ... "The effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on recurrent aphthous ulcers: a clinical study". Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent. 18 (12): 1238 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth_ulcer

Examples of anionic surfactants include sodium dodecyl sulfate and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. Included in this class of ... surfactants are sodium alkylcarboxylates (soaps). Cationic surfactats are similar in nature to anionic surfactants, except the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_dispersants

For example, the self-assembly of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in DES has recently been studied, implying DES can form ... "Self-Aggregation of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate within (Choline Chloride + Urea) Deep Eutectic Solvent". Langmuir. 30 (44): 13191- ... in the first he pointed out that activity coefficients in DES do appear to deviate wildly away from their values in sodium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_eutectic_solvent

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is the most commonly used surfactant in MEKC applications. The anionic character of the sulfate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micellar_electrokinetic_chromatography

Surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton and nanoparticles have been used successfully. During the electrospinning ... "Electroblowing and electrospinning of fibrous diclofenac sodium-cyclodextrin complex-based reconstitution injection". Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrospinning

... (potassium dodecyl sulfate) a detergent similar to sodium lauryl sulfate. Potassium lauryl sulfate is ... "Potassium lauryl sulfate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-02-20. v t e (Articles without EBI source, Articles without ... Sulfate esters, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_lauryl_sulfate

Phase Behavior in a Water/Phytoglycogen/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) System". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 61 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecular_condensate

measured the partitioning of 14 radiolabeled amino acids using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. Also, amino acid side ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobicity_scales

"Spectral studies of toluidine blue O in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate" (PDF). Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and ... When these hard cations encounter the hard anions e.g. in form of sulfate they form salts without regard for the precise ... At pH 1.0 it stains only sulfated polysaccharides and at pH 2.5 also stains carboxyl group containing sugars such as sialic ... Commercially available batches usually contained about 49% of the actual dye and rest used to be Sulfate, boric acid, dextrin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcian_blue_stain

"Peptide mapping by limited proteolysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and analysis by gel electrophoresis" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 252 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_W._Cleveland

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) interacts with proteins, denaturing them, and giving them a negative charge. Since all proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular-weight_size_marker

Martínez TF, Alarcón FJ, Díaz-López M, Moyano FJ (2000). "Improved detection of amylase activity by sodium dodecyl sulfate- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymography

H H Hess; M B Lees; J E Derr (1 March 1978). "A linear Lowry--Folin assay for both water-soluble and sodium dodecyl sulfate- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Lees

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelles in Water: The Effect of the Force Field. The Journal of ... Tang, Xueming; Koenig, Peter H.; Larson, Ronald G. (2014-04-10). "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_G._Larson

AE1 was discovered following SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of erythrocyte cell membrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_3_anion_transport_protein

Using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a subunit molecular mass of 27 kDa was found. After testing ... The COS that results from the hydrolysis is metabolized to form hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which is oxidized to sulfate to produce ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonyl_sulfide_hydrolase

Brown, D (1996). "Antigen retrieval in cryostat tissue sections and cultured cells by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen_retrieval

"Characterization of human exocrine pancreatic proteins by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trypsinogen

The dye also forms a complex with the anionic detergent sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). The formation of this complex stabilizes ... and ammonium sulfate (or aluminium sulfate). The Bradford assay uses the spectral properties of Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coomassie_brilliant_blue

However, it is susceptible to influence by strong alkaline buffering agents, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The terms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology

Some typical members of this group are: sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic), benzalkonium chloride (cationic), cocamidopropyl ... Amphoterism Bubbles in abiogenesis Emulsion Free surface energy Surfactant Lipid polymorphism Sodium dodecyl sulfate Wetting ... Examples, with the lipophilic part of the molecule represented by R, are: carboxylates: RCO2− sulfates: RSO4− sulfonates: RSO3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphiphile

Properties of Secondary Butanol and Tertiary Butanol in Water and Aqueous Micellar Systems of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate - Section ... Properties of Secondary Butanol and Tertiary Butanol in Water and Aqueous Micellar Systems of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate". Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Alauddin

Since the technique involves the use of SDS-PAGE which utilizes the effect that sodium-dodecyl sulfate has on proteins which is ... First, proteins are prepared with a mixture that exposes them to the denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) agent. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwestern_blot

Two parameters were used: isoelectric focusing in the first dimension sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in the second ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_H._O'Farrell

... anti-caking agent Aluminium sodium sulfate - mineral salt Aluminium sulfate - mineral salt Amaranth - color (red) (FDA: [ ... antioxidant Dodecyl gallate - antioxidant Echinacea - EDTA - Antioxidant, Chelating Agent Egg - Egg yolk - Egg white - ... acidity regulator Sodium hydroxide - mineral salt Sodium lactate - food acid Sodium malates - food acid Sodium metabisulfite - ... anti-caking agent Sodium formate - preservative Sodium fumarate - food acid Sodium gluconate - stabiliser Sodium hydrogen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_food_additives

Sodium chloride (NaCl), for example, melts at 801 °C (1,474 °F) into a liquid that consists largely of sodium cations (Na+ ) ... hydrogen sulphate (HSO4), and ethyl sulphate (EtOSO3). Magnetic ionic liquids can be synthesized by incorporating paramagnetic ... 1-dodecyl-3-methyl- docecylMIM). Other imidazolium cations are 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium (BMMIM or DBMIM) and 1,3-di(N,N- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_liquid

... sodium dodecyl sulfate and Savvy (1.0% C31G), act by disrupting the viral envelope, capsid or lipid membrane of microorganisms ... Cellulose sulfate microbicide trial stopped. "Research: Cellulose sulfate microbicide trial stopped". Archived from the ... Carrageenans are a family of linear sulfated polysaccharides chemically related to heparan sulfate, which many microbes utilize ... Retrieved 1 April 2018., World Health Organization Cellulose sulfate microbicide trial stopped. "Research: Cellulose sulfate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbicides_for_sexually_transmitted_diseases

In non-denaturing gels this enzyme protein exhibited a molecular mass of 160 kDa, while in sodium dodecyl sulfate- ... resulted after sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis27. AT exhibited an apparent Km for trehalose of about 4.7 mM at pH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trehalase

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) gel electrophoresis until 120 °C. Schink, Bernhard; Pfennig, Norbert (1982). "Propionigenium Modestum ... "The sodium ion translocating adenosine triphosphatase of Propionigenium modestum pumps protons at low sodium ion concentrations ... Dimroth, P.; Wang, H.; Grabe, M.; Oster, G. (1999). "Energy transduction in the sodium F-ATPase of Propionigenium modestum". ... but the F1F0 ATPase of Propionigenium modestum is the first discovered which uses sodium ions (Na+). The discovery of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionigenium_modestum

... sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or Guanidinium chloride (3 M), Guanidinium thiocyanate (1 M) and urea (4 M)[disputed (for: no ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinase_K

... which showed that proteins could be dissolved in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), reliably separated by polyacrylamide gel ... The title of the paper was "The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel ... "The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis". J. Biol. Chem. 244 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Weber

... or a solution of the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate in diluted hydrochloric acid) is added to dissolve the insoluble purple ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTT_assay

Urea 6-8 mol/L Guanidinium chloride 6 mol/L Lithium perchlorate 4.5 mol/L Sodium dodecyl sulfate Agents that break disulfide ... They include: Sodium bicarbonate Most organic solvents are denaturing, including:[citation needed] Ethanol Cross-linking agents ... sodium salicylate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol, and urea. These chemical denaturing agents lower the melting ... DMSO Formamide Guanidine Sodium salicylate Propylene glycol Urea Thermal denaturation Beads mill Probe sonication Radiation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denaturation_(biochemistry)

... is also used to titrate the quantity of sodium dodecyl sulfate in a mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate, ... sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, using dimidium bromide-sulphan blue as an indicator. It precipitates as turbidity with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzethonium_chloride

Another method entails the alkylation of sodium hydrosulfide. RX + NaSH → RSH + NaX (X = Cl, Br, I) This method is used for the ... Urquhart, G. G.; Gates, J. W. Jr.; Connor, Ralph (1941). "n-Dodecyl Mercaptan". Org. Synth. 21: 36. doi:10.15227/orgsyn. ... ethyl hydrogen sulfate] as well as oil of wine [a mixture of diethylsulfate and ethylene polymers] on metal sulfides]. Annales ... In the nitroprusside reaction, free thiol groups react with sodium nitroprusside and ammonium hydroxide to give a red colour. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiol

... bond between pectin and WAKs as they are still bound to each other after exposure to the detergent Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall-associated_kinase

... otherwise known as Sodium dodecyl sulfate Horizon Air (IATA airline designator QX) Quality of Experience This disambiguation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QX

... sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)/Coomassie blue staining", and (b) the combination of isoelectric ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligoclonal_band

Wiltfang J, Arold N, Neuhoff V (1991). "A new multiphasic buffer system for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel ... Schägger H, von Jagow G (1987). "Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of ... sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, describes a collection of related techniques to separate proteins ... sodium bisulfite) that move into the gel ahead of the proteins to maintain a reducing environment. An additional benefit of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis_of_proteins

... sodium dodecyl sulfate, SLS, or SDS), and the related alkyl-ether sulfates sodium laureth sulfate (sodium lauryl ether sulfate ... Prominent alkyl sulfates include ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate ( ... and sodium myreth sulfate. Others include: Docusate (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate) Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) ... Popular surfactants in the biochemistry laboratory are sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant

... such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (n-dodecyl sulfate sodium) and a short aliphatic chain alcohol ("co-surfactant") for colloidal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniemulsion

CAPB is also used as a co-surfactant with Sodium dodecyl sulfate for promoting the formation of gas hydrates. CAPB, as an ... Sodium monochloroacetate < 5 ppm Amidoamine (AA) < 0.3% Dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) < 15 ppm Glycerol < 3% The impurities ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocamidopropyl_betaine

... to a point where stronger pretreatment is required in order for curli to degrade or dissolve in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curli

Anionic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate are most commonly used for stabilizing emulsions because of their affinity ... Some of the more commonly used anionic head groups are sulfates and ethoxylates. Cationic head groups have a positive charge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactants_in_paint

Examples include: sodium lauryl sulfate (also known as sulfuric acid mono dodecyl ester sodium salt) and related potassium and ... C4 or C5 sulfate and an additional metabolite. The highest irritant of the alkyl sulfates is sodium laurylsulfate, with the ... In 2003 approximately 118,000 t/a of alkyl sulfates were used in the US A common example is sodium lauryl sulfate, with the ... An example is sodium laureth sulfate, an ingredient in some cosmetics. Alkylsulfate can be produced from alcohols, which in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organosulfate

... sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, commonly used to analyse proteins Immunoelectrophoresis, used to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophoresis_(disambiguation)

"Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins in the range from 1 to 100 kDa ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricine

Dodecyl sodium sulfate,Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt,Lauryl sulfate sodium salt,SDS,Sodium lauryl sulfate; Linear Formula: CH3( ... Sodium dodecyl sulfate suitable for ion pair chromatography, LiChropur™, ≥99.0%; CAS Number: 151-21-3; EC Number: 205-788-1; ... Dodecyl sodium sulfate, Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt, Lauryl sulfate sodium salt, SDS, Sodium lauryl sulfate ... Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a detergent suitable to denature proteins. It is a long-chain aliphatic group which has ...

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Sodium Salt, 100 g. Flinn Lab Chemicals, Your Safer Source for Science ... Dodecyl Sulfate, Sodium Salt, 100 g Dodecyl Sulfate, Sodium Salt, 100 g. ... Sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS. CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na ...

https://www.flinnsci.com/dodecyl-sulfate-sodium-salt-100-g/d0024/

... homologs Shop Sodium dodecyl sulfate, 95%, MP Biomedicals™ at Fishersci.ca ... alkyl sulfate, predominantly composed of C,sub,12,/sub, and C,sub,14,/sub, ... Approximately 95% alkyl sulfate, predominantly composed of C12 and C14 homologs ...

https://www.fishersci.ca/shop/products/sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-95-mp-biomedicals/ICN19052290

Mastering 1D Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University. 2007. ...

https://www.mcglinchey.com/insights/mastering-1d-sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis-department-of-chemistry-southern-university/

Sodium dodecyl sulphate and mercaptoethanol are commonly used for extraction and solubilization of proteins, but these ... A method for the determination of conifer foliage protein extracted using sodium dodecyl sulphate and mercaptoethanol. 1995. ...

https://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=4031

Search our catalog of standard and specialized biochemicals and reagents.. ...

https://www.americanbio.com/product/AB01920

Inactivation of HIV-1 in breast milk by treatment with the alkyl sulfate microbicide sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In: ... Inactivation of HIV-1 in breast milk by treatment with the alkyl sulfate microbicide sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). / Urdaneta, ... Inactivation of HIV-1 in breast milk by treatment with the alkyl sulfate microbicide sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). ... We have previously reported that alkyl sulfates (i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) are microbicidal against HIV-1 at low ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/inactivation-of-hiv-1-in-breast-milk-by-treatment-with-the-alkyl-

Sodium dodecyl sulfate, or sodium lauryl sulfate, is a surfactant used in cleaning and hygienic products. It has a twelve ... HPLC Determination of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Newcrom BH and Newcrom B Columns ... Dodecyl sulfate can be retained on Newcrom B and BH columns in under 10 minutes with an MS-compatible mobile phase.. Condition ... carbon hydrophobic tail attached to a polar sulfate. ... Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. Application Analytes:. Sodium dodecyl ...

https://sielc.com/hplc-determination-of-sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-on-newcrom-ah-column

... which is an anionic surfactant commonly known as sodium dodecyl sulfate. In this work, the aim is to find a coarse-grained ... Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations are performed to study the phase transition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in ... Phase diagram study of sodium dodecyl sulfate using dissipative particle dynamics. Choudhary M., Syed Mohammad Kamil ... Phase diagram study of sodium dodecyl sulfate using dissipative particle dynamics. *Re-entrant direct hexagonal phases in a ...

https://research.snu.edu.in/publication/phase-diagram-study-of-sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-using-dissipative

Alfa Chemistry can customize Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate surfactant products for customers based on years of expertise working with ... Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. One of the most often used surfactants is sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sometimes known as sodium ... Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Product Portfolio. Alfa Chemistry can customize sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant products for customers ... The use of AC A (Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate) in compositions comprising sodium lauryl sulfate and/or sodium lauryl sulfate lowers ...

https://surfactant.alfa-chemistry.com/sodium-dodecyl-sulfate.html

Key words: Sodium dodecyl sulfate, Microemulsion, Benzyl alcohol, Anthracene, Fluorescence quenching, Phenothiazine ... The Fluorescence Quenching of Anthracene by Phenothiazine in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Benzyl Alcohol / Water Microemulsion Guo ... Dynamic Surface Adsorption Properties of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Aqueous Solution [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2013, 29(02): 351 ... The Fluorescence Quenching of Anthracene by Phenothiazine in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Benzyl Alcohol / Water Microemulsion[J]. ...

http://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/EN/abstract/abstract24290.shtml

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https://www.umbmbcorelab.com/shop/life-technologies/ultrapure-sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-sds/

Synonyms: Dodecyl sodium sulfate, Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt, Lauryl sulfate sodium salt, SDS, Sodium lauryl sulfate. CAS 151- ... Browse Sodium dodecyl sulfate and related products at Merck. ... Dodecyl sodium sulfate, Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt, Lauryl ... Sodium dodecyl sulfate, tested according to NF, mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates consisting mainly of sodium dodecyl sulfate ... Sodium dodecyl sulfate, 92.5-100.5% based on total alkyl sulfate content basis ...

https://wwwqws.sigmaaldrich.com/JP/en/substance/sodiumdodecylsulfate28838151213

Sodium dodecyl sulphate. *. *. EC number: 205-788-1 , CAS number: 151-21-3 ...

https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/2126/4/7

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-capillary gel electrophoresis of polyethylene glycolylated interferon alpha.. Na, Dong H; Park, Eun J; ... Sodium dodecyl sulfate-capillary gel electrophoresis (SDS-CGE) using a hydrophilic replaceable polymer network matrix was ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/saudepublica/resource/pt/mdl-14760640

Peptide mapping by limited proteolysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and analysis by gel electrophoresis. scientific article ( ... Peptide mapping by limited proteolysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and analysis by gel electrophoresis (English) ...

https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29547747

Sensitive to chloroform, sodium dodecyl sulphate, hypochlorite. Virion Morphology. Shape. Usually hexagonal Dimensions. ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/ArboCAT/VirusDetails.aspx?ID=8&SID=4

In the case of SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), the value of Ks(MNTS)/Ks(CV) would have a value of 4.3, in this case, 45 times ... micelles of sodium alkyl sulfate, alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or alkyl pyridinium chloride, even for hydrocarbon chains ... Comparison between the Kinetics of the Alkaline Fading of Carbocation Dyes in Water/Sodium Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Sulfosuccinate/ ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6918/2/2/10

decellularized surplus rat kidneys using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and recellularized these with ciPTEC-OAT1. An increased ... such as Indoxyl sulfate and kynurenic acid, are uptaken via OAT1 and excreted by MRP2/4 and BCRP (ABCG2) (color figure online) ... translation of microfluidic transporter in vitro data to in vivo reveals impaired albumin-facilitated indoxyl sulfate secretion ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00204-019-02598-0

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) & Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS); Sodium Laureth Sulfate & Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES): Skin ... This is now my 3rd comment 🙂 but I recently realized that my Method hand soap has sodium lauryl sulfate. This surprised me ... SUCH a fantastic post! I am actually allergic to Sodium Lauryl Sulfate when ingested. Which means buying most tooth pastes over ... and read online somewhere that it can be a reaction to sodium laurel sulfate in toothpaste. ...

https://www.healthytippingpoint.com/2011/06/four-natural-beauty-products-i-love-and-one-i-hate.html

Investigation of mixed micellization study of sodium dodecyl sulfate and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide mixtures at ... Investigation of mixed micellization study of sodium dodecyl sulfate and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide mixtures at ... sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS] and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide [TTAB]) in two chloride (NaCl/NH4Cl) salts in the range of ...

https://incos.tdtu.edu.vn/en/publications/2020/investigation-of-mixed-micellization-study-of-sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-and

... and zinc have been demonstrated by electrochemical treatment of CFRP surface in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). ... Modification of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) surface with sodium dodecyl sulphate for mitigation of cathodic activity ... CFRP; Sodium dodecyl sulphate; Surface modification; Galvanic corrosion; Cathodic reactivity; Periodicity. keywords ATOMIC- ... and zinc have been demonstrated by electrochemical treatment of CFRP surface in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). ...

https://www.ciceco.ua.pt/?tabela=publicationdetail&menu=212&language=eng&id=20823

Sodium dodecyl-sulfate. SPE. Solid-Phase Extraction. TBS. Tris-Buffered Saline. TEAB. Triethylammonium bicarbonate. TFA. ...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.06.506768v1

g) were resolved in 10% sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), transferred to PVDF membrane ... Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS; 10%) was then added at 100 μl per well and incubated overnight at 37°C to dissolve the formazan ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2017/8303671/

Article A novel three-stage bioreactor for the effective detoxification of sodium dodecyl sulphate from wastewater. Anionic ... No comments were found for A novel three-stage bioreactor for the effective detoxification of sodium dodecyl sulphate from ... A novel three-stage bioreactor for the effective detoxification of sodium dodecyl sulphate from wastewater 0 ... Anionic surfactants like sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), due to its extensive disposal to water bodies cause detrimental effects ...

https://www.environmental-expert.com/articles/a-novel-three-stage-bioreactor-for-the-effective-detoxification-of-sodium-dodecyl-sulphate-from-wast-715952

SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate. siRNA: small interfering RNA. TdT: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase ... Solon, OH) and 0.1% sodium citrate (Fisher Scientific, Fair lawn, NJ) for 5 min at room temperature. Slides were rinsed with ...

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/42240

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate the extracted proteins. Then, the proteins were ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41417-021-00414-5?error=cookies_not_supported&code=e5d19d75-acec-4aba-adcd-89945ee0f0ec

Sodium dodecyl sulfate, or sodium lauryl sulfate, is a surfactant used in cleaning and hygienic products. (sielc.com)
One of the most often used surfactants is sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sometimes known as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). (alfa-chemistry.com)
This product is made up of ammonium lauryl sulfate alkyl sulfate. (alfa-chemistry.com)
The use of AC A (Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate) in compositions comprising sodium lauryl sulfate and/or sodium lauryl sulfate lowers the irritation of these surfactants. (alfa-chemistry.com)
This shampoo is free of parabens (which can disrupt the reproductive system), sodium lauryl (an irritant and pollutant), phthalate (a possible carcinogen and hormone disrupter), and butylene glycol (a preservative). (healthytippingpoint.com)

Anionic surfactants like sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), due to its extensive disposal to water bodies cause detrimental effects to the ecosystem. (environmental-expert.com)
Two chemical surfactants include Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Dodecyl tri methyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) were used for validation and comparison oil recovery with new natural surfactant HLE. (ac.ir)
Arthrofactin is one of the most effective lipopeptide biosurfactants and was a better oil remover than synthetic surfactants, such as Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate. (semanticscholar.org)

Therefore, use of alkyl sulfate microbicides, such as SDS, to treat HIV1-infected breast milk may be a novel alternative to help prevent/reduce transmission of HIV-1 through breastfeeding. (elsevier.com)
An alkyl sulfate is the product. (alfa-chemistry.com)

Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations are performed to study the phase transition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in aqueous solution, which is an anionic surfactant commonly known as sodium dodecyl sulfate. (edu.in)

Dynamic Surface Adsorption Properties of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Aqueous Solution [J]. Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-capillary gel electrophoresis of polyethylene glycolylated interferon alpha. (bvsalud.org)
Sodium dodecyl sulfate - capillary gel electrophoresis (SDS-CGE) using a hydrophilic replaceable polymer network matrix was applied to characterize the polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFN). (bvsalud.org)
Spodoptera frugiperda (SF-9) cells infected with the UGT recombinant baculovirus produced significant amounts of protein, which was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblot analysis, and pulse chase with 35 S-amino acids. (aspetjournals.org)
Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-solubilized material shows one major protein in the junction, with an apparent mol wt of 20,000, and two minor components. (rupress.org)
Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human whole saliva. (bvsalud.org)
Analysis of GIF by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein after staining with Coomassie blue or Schiff's reagent. (uab.edu)
2). To discover compound purity, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide teeth whitening gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) has been performed and one wedding ring had been noticed. (onliner.us)
All those deletion-carrying hIL-6 (delta hIL-6) proteins were then produced in Xenopus laevis oocytes and examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). (uniparthenope.it)
During corticosteroid therapy, measurement of the urinary beta-2-microglobulin concentration by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis proved a valuable monitoring tool for assessing recovery of the tubular impairment. (medscape.com)

Alfa Chemistry can customize sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant products for customers based on years of expertise working with surfactant firms. (alfa-chemistry.com)
M. Chen, N. P. Hankins: "Interaction Among Branched Polyethylenimine (PEI), Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and Metal Cations During Copper Recovery from Water using Polymer-Surfactant Aggregates, Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2020, 34, 101170. (ox.ac.uk)

It has a twelve carbon hydrophobic tail attached to a polar sulfate. (sielc.com)
A non-polar hydrocarbon chain and polar sulfate end groups make up the anion. (alfa-chemistry.com)

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a detergent suitable to denature proteins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
It is a long-chain aliphatic group which has negatively charged sulfate, hence making it amphipathic detergent in nature. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Hence, the sample is often treated with a detergent called sodium dodecyl sulfate. (news-medical.net)
ammonia, 2-4 parts higher alcohols and ethers, e.g., diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 1.5-2.5 parts detergent, 0.5-2.5 parts selected builders, 0.25-0.75 parts EDTA, 0.1-0.5 parts sodium or potassium hydroxide, and water as the remainder. (justia.com)

Sensitive to chloroform, sodium dodecyl sulphate, hypochlorite. (cdc.gov)
Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Tablets has been proved to be a better and more economical alternative to bleaching powder and sodium hypochlorite for all kinds of chlorination applications. (chemicals99.com)

Sodium benzoate is used to ensure the product's microbiological purity. (alfa-chemistry.com)

Denaturing detergents can be anionic such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or cationic such as ethyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. (thermofisher.com)

The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it. (lookchem.com)

Sodium dodecyl sulphate and mercaptoethanol are commonly used for extraction and solubilization of proteins, but these substances interfere with previously reported methods for the quantitation of small amounts of protein. (gc.ca)
An acetone-sodium dodecyl sulfate method was evaluated for extraction of cellular proteins from C. botulinum prepared for characterization of protein composition. (usda.gov)
An acetone-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) disruption method was used for the extraction of cellular proteins from neurotoxigenic Clostridium botulinum. (usda.gov)

(e) a surface modification with sodium dodecyl sulphate. (gc.ca)

Our research also takes into account the importance of sodium ions, which come from the partial dissociation of SDS, when dissolved in water. (edu.in)
The Fluorescence Quenching of Anthracene by Phenothiazine in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Benzyl Alcohol / Water Microemulsion[J].Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)

Suppression of electrochemical activity (cathodic activity) on CFRP surface at cathodic potentials consistent with galvanic coupling of CFRP with active metals like aluminium and zinc have been demonstrated by electrochemical treatment of CFRP surface in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). (ua.pt)

Dodecyl sulfate can be retained on Newcrom B and BH columns in under 10 minutes with an MS-compatible mobile phase. (sielc.com)
Photoinduced electron transfer reaction of anthracene with phenothiazine(PTZ)occurs in the membrane phase of the SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate)/benzyl alcohol/H2O microemulsion. (pku.edu.cn)

The effect of sodium ion has not been considered explicitly in the computational work done so far using dissipative particle dynamics. (edu.in)

Patented anionic alkyl polyglucoside derivative that offers a superior alternative to traditional ethoxylated and sulfate chemistries. (univarsolutions.com)

The structure of the six-residue peptide bound to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles has been determined by NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics refinement. (nih.gov)
Structure of the bovine antimicrobial peptide indolicidin bound to dodecylphosphocholine and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles. (nih.gov)
Nayak, R. C. (1988) Effect of sodium dodecyl sulphate on protonation equilibrium of (salicylato) bis (ethylenediamine) cobalt (III): test of validity of pseudo-phase ion-exchange model for SDS micelles Indian Journal of Chemistry - Section A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical and Analytical Chemistry, 27 (10). (ias.ac.in)
Caetano W, Gelamo EL, Tabak M, Itri R. Chlorpromazine and sodium dodecyl sulfate mixed micelles investigated by small ange X-ray scattering [Internet]. (usp.br)
1. Sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles. (ncsu.edu)

Sodium hydroxide is a common reagent for the adjustment of pH in buffers. (thomassci.com)
A chemical reaction occurs when four substances are combined with water: copper acetate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium hydroxide and glucose. (valuewalk.com)

AAV serotypes can be grouped by considering their receptor recognition as heparan sulphate proteoglycan (AAV2, AAV3, AAV6, and AAV13) as well as for N-linked oligosaccharides: terminal sialic acid (AAV1, AAV4, AAV5, and AAV6) and terminal galactose (AAV9) types [9]. (chromatographytoday.com)
A modified method to extract free gallic acid and its metabolites from human plasma aided by sodium dodecyl sulfate and acidified methanol (SDS-MeOH) was applied to extract free gallic acid and its metabolites from human plasma after a single consumption of 400 g of mango (cv. (tamu.edu)
Dextran sulfate is a polyanionic derivative of dextran produced by esterification of Dextran with chlorosulphonic acid. (thomassci.com)
Sodium cyclododecylphosphonic acid monoethyl ester trihydrate. (mpg.de)
The calculated Henry's Law constant for the Sulfuric acid, mono C12-alkyl ester, sodium salts, was 0.0187 Pa m3/mol at 25°C. Therefore, the substance is not expected to evaporate from the water surface to the atmosphere. (europa.eu)
The Henry's Law constant for the Sulfuric acid, mono C12-alkyl ester, sodium salts, was calculated as 0.0187 Pa m3/mol at 25°C using the Bond estimation method of HENRYWIN v3.20 (AS consortium, 2010). (europa.eu)
A Polysaccharide antigen of group B streptococcus type Ib was extracted from sodium dodecyl sulphate-treated cell walls by trichlorocetic acid. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Oral treatment of APP/PS1 mice with GFT1803 decreased microglial activation, amyloid β (Aβ) plaque area, Aβ levels in sodium dodecyl sulfate- and formic acid-soluble fractions in a concentration-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
Sodium gluconate is sodium salt of gluconic acid that is produced by the fermentation of glucose. (chemicalstore.com)

Here we present some results that demonstrate that surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) remains surface-active and shows self-assembly phenomena in the most commonly studied DES, choline chloride/urea. (bath.ac.uk)
EPGIu-C has been reported to be stable and active in the presence of common denaturants such as guanidinium chloride, urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate (Drapeau, G.R. (1977) Methods in Enzymology, 47:189-191). (bsu.edu)
In this report, we have used fluorescence spectroscopy to study the effect of pH on the denaturation of GFP with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), urea, and heat. (nih.gov)

Ammonium sulfate is an inorganic salt. (thomassci.com)
This process was achieved using ammonium sulphate, ion exchange DEAE column and gel filtration (Sephadex A-50 and sephadex G-100) Chromatography. (escientificpublishers.com)
Ammonium sulfate precipitation results showed that the highest specific α-amylase activity was (1.01 U/ml.mg) obtained at 11.27% saturation level, with a purity of 1.81-fold of the crude extract with 1.00% yield. (escientificpublishers.com)
The cell-free supernatant after centrifugation was subjected to ammonium sulphate precipitation and dialysis and each fraction was checked for enzyme activity as well as protein concentration. (escientificpublishers.com)

Counterion effect on the thermodynamics of micellization of alkyl sulfates. (mpg.de)
Novel results on the adsorption of ionic surfactants at the air/water interface - sodium-N-alkyl sulfates. (mpg.de)

Hydroxylapatite chromatography of protein-sodium dodecyl sulfate complexes. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Improved recovery of galloyl metabolites from mango (Mangifera indica L.) in human plasma using protein precipitation with sodium dodecyl sulfate and methanol. (tamu.edu)

Hydrophilic tissue clearing uses detergents such as SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) or Triton X-100 for delipidation and permeabilization. (nih.gov)
Detergents can be ionic, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or nonionic such as Tween. (chromatographyonline.com)

Los artículos publicados en la REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE MICOLOGÍA aparecen en varios índices bibliográficos, entre los que destacan Current Contents/ISI Web of Science, Index Medicus/Medline/Pub-Med, SCOPUS, Excerpta Medica e IBECS. (elsevier.es)

Kami Menjual Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt for biochemistry and surfactant tests untuk Wilayah Medan, Bali, Bandung, Jember, Pontianak dan Wilayah lainnya. (jualbahankimia.net)
Dextran sulfate sodium salt, or DSS, is a synthetic sulfated branched polysaccharide derivative of dextran that has multiple uses in biomedical and clinical research. (thomassci.com)

Comparison between sodium dodecyl sulfate and guanidine hydrochloride as denaturants. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Crystal structure of sodium adamantyl(oxyethylene)sulfate dihydrate. (mpg.de)

Synergistic Effects of Sodium Iodide and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate at Low Concentrations on Promoting Gas Hydrate Nucleation. (mpg.de)

Growth and antioxidant response in Ceratophyllum demersum L. under sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), phenol and joint stress. (americanelements.com)

Micellization behaviour of sodium dodecyl sulfate in different electrolyte media. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Sodium, 2 chloride, 3 bicarbonate, 4 5 and potassium 6 have all been suggested to be transported transepithelially and thus drive fluid transport by ciliary epithelium. (arvojournals.org)

A caustic reagent which is typically used to neutralize acids and prepare sodium salts of reagents. (thomassci.com)

Excess amounts of sodium chloride can destroy electrolyte balance and cause death in most animals, including humans. (thomassci.com)

As a food additive, sodium benzoate has the E number E211. (chemicalstore.com)

SG1A23 Sodium gluconate comes in a fine granular or powdered form. (chemicalstore.com)

These were compared to Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) the positive control and dH2O the negative control having 54.85% and 3.86% degradation respectively. (alliedacademies.org)

Sodium benzoate is a preservative. (chemicalstore.com)

Quality control: The quality of the final product is assessed by undertaking a MTT cell viability test and a cytotoxicity test with sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS). (europa.eu)

Pre-cast commercial Tris-Tricine-Acetate 8-25%T gels were run in a cross-gradient fashion with the addition of pH dyes to demonstrate a distinct pH gradient at the moving boundary only in the presence of the dodecyl sulfate. (nih.gov)

In this paper, the interaction between a dendrimer, composed of G1 (generation 1.0) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) and branched with poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was investigated by turbidity titration, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). (pku.edu.cn)

On the stability of aqueous sodium dodecyl-sulfate solutions. (mpg.de)

Anatomy17

Organisms10

Chemicals and Drugs143

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment46

Phenomena and Processes38

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science4

Health Care2

Biophysical characterization of the structure of the amino-terminal region of gp41 of HIV-1. Implications on viral fusion mechanism. (1/1923)

Molecular dynamics study of substance P peptides partitioned in a sodium dodecylsulfate micelle. (2/1923)

The intracellular serpin proteinase inhibitor 6 is expressed in monocytes and granulocytes and is a potent inhibitor of the azurophilic granule protease, cathepsin G. (3/1923)

Single channel analysis of recombinant major outer membrane protein porins from Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae. (4/1923)

Use of PCR and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis techniques for differentiation of Prevotella intermedia sensu stricto and Prevotella nigrescens. (5/1923)

Mutant and wild type human alpha-synucleins assemble into elongated filaments with distinct morphologies in vitro. (6/1923)

PhoP-PhoQ-regulated loci are required for enhanced bile resistance in Salmonella spp. (7/1923)

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of oral black-pigmented bacteria induce tumor necrosis factor production by LPS-refractory C3H/HeJ macrophages in a way different from that of Salmonella LPS. (8/1923)

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Molecular Weight

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Sodium

Amino Acids

Heparitin Sulfate

Kinetics

Surface-Active Agents

Chromatography, Gel

Macromolecular Substances

Chromatography, Affinity

Immunodiffusion

Isoelectric Focusing

Detergents

Isoelectric Point

Chromatography, Ion Exchange

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Electrophoresis, Disc

Sulfates

Chromatography

Carbohydrates

Sodium Channels

Amino Acid Sequence

Cattle

Dermatan Sulfate

Solubility

Cell Membrane

Micelles

Centrifugation, Density Gradient

Rabbits

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose

Molecular Sequence Data

Bacterial Proteins

Trypsin

Escherichia coli

Glycoproteins

Substrate Specificity

Chemistry

Chemical Phenomena

Mercaptoethanol

Ammonium Sulfate

Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans

Pronase

Peptide Fragments

Hot Temperature

Peptides

Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans

Keratan Sulfate

Immunoelectrophoresis

Sodium Chloride

Membrane Proteins

Dextran Sulfate

Microscopy, Electron

Temperature

Chemical Precipitation

Immune Sera

Fractional Precipitation

Peptide Hydrolases

Hydroxyapatites

Cell-Free System

Protein Binding

Protein Conformation

Chondroitin Sulfates

Spectrophotometry

Liver

Cell Fractionation

Immunosorbent Techniques

Protein Denaturation

Species Specificity

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Affinity Labels

Sodium, Dietary

Sulfuric Acids

Drug Stability

Cetrimonium Compounds

Edetic Acid

Cell Line

Electrophoresis

Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Immunochemistry